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Date:___________

Quiz
Chapter 6: Energy, Work and Power

15

Structured Questions (15 marks)

For Questions 1 to 3, assume g = 10 N kg1, and that there is negligible air resistance and
friction, unless otherwise stated.
1.

A typical roller coaster has several peaks and troughs. In this particular roller coaster,
there are three peaks (A, C and E) and three troughs (B, D and F), with heights given in
the diagram below.
A
E
C
B
30 m
28 m
20 m

22 m

D
10 m
F

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(a)

State which position(s) (A, B, C, D, E or F) has/have the (i) greatest amount of

gravitational potential energy; (ii) greatest amount of kinetic energy.
[2]
(i)
(ii)

(b)

(i)

Greatest amount of gravitational potential energy:

Greatest amount of kinetic energy
:

A [1 m]
F [1 m]

Determine the amount of work that must be done to bring a roller coaster
car up to A from the lowest point. The mass of each car is 80 kg and each
car carries an average load of 500 kg (approximately eight people).
[1]
Work done = G.P.E.
= mgh
= (500 kg + 80 kg)(10 N kg1)(30 m)
= 174 000 J or 174 kJ [1 m]

(ii)

If the loaded car is released from A, determine the kinetic energy and
gravitational potential energy that the car will have at D.
[2]
Since the initial G.P.E. at A is 174 000 J, the total energy at D is also
000 J.
G.P.E. at D = mgh
= (580 kg)(10 N kg1)(10 m)
= 58 000 J [1 m]
K.E. at D = 174 000 J 58 000 J
= 116 000 J [1 m]

12.

174

A pendulum bob of mass 20 g is released from rest at A. It swings from A to C and back
to A via B, as shown in the diagram.

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(a)

Determine the speed of the pendulum bob at B.

[2]

G.P.E. of bob at A = mgh

20
kg) (10 N kg1)(0.05 m)
1000
= 0.01 J
[1 m for determining initial G.P.E.)
by the Principle of Conservation of Energy
Loss on GPE of bob = gain in KE of bob
1.1 = mv2
0.01 = 0.5 x 0.02 x v2
v2 = 1
v = 1 m/s [1 m for correct magnitude and unit]
= (

(b)

Instead being released from rest, the bob is now given a push of 10 N over a
distance of 1.0 cm, in the direction of the force at A. Calculate the total energy the
bob will have at C.
[2]
G.P.E. of bob at A = mgh
= (0.02 kg)(10 N kg1)(0.05 m)
= 0.01 J
[Note: No mark is awarded for this step even if it is correct, as the mark is
awarded in part (a).]

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The bob is also supplied with energy E = Fs

= 10 N 0.01 m
= 0.1 J [1 m]
By the Principle of Conservation of Energy, the total energy at C will be equal to
the total energy at A = 0.1 J + 0.01 J = 0.11 J
[1 m for correct magnitude and unit]

(c)

Explain, in terms of energy changes, why the pendulum will continue its motion
with a decreasing maximum height (i.e. amplitude) in real life.
[1]
The pendulum will lose its energy to the surroundings due to air resistance and
friction at the point of suspension. [1 m]

13.

An electric kettle is rated at 500 W.

(a)

Explain what is meant by 500 W.

[1]

It means that the kettle has a power of 500 W and 500 J of energy is supplied
every second. [1 m]
(b)

2200 kJ of energy is needed to completely boil off 1000 cm3 of water at 100C.
(i) Show that 1000 cm3 of water has a mass of 1.00 kg, given that density of
water is 1000 kg m3.
[2]
Converting cm3 to m3,
1000 cm3 = m3 = 0.001 m3 [1 m]
Mass = density volume
= 1000 kg m3 0.001 m3
= 1.00 kg [1 m]
(ii)

Determine the minimum time needed for this particular kettle to completely
boil off 0.5 kg of water at 100C.
[1]
P=
t=
=
= 2200 s or 37 min [1 m]

(c)

In reality, it takes the kettle much longer to boil off 0.5 kg of water. Explain why.
[1]
Heat is lost to the surroundings. [1 m]

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