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SPM
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS
FORM 5
MODULE 2
PROGRESSIONS
(Geometric Progression)
ORGANISED BY:
Page
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3
4
6
FIND
a) The sum of the first n terms of of geometric
Progressions
b) The sum of a specific number of consecutive terms
of geometric Progressions
c) The value of n ,given the sum of the first n terms
of geometric Progressions
2.6
FIND
a) The sum to infinty of geometric progressions
b) The first term or common ratio, given the sum to
infinity
2.7
11
14
SPM Questions
15
18
Assessment test
Answers
20
PROGRESSION
GEOMETRIC
PROGRESSION
ARITHMETIC
PROGRESSION
THE n th TERM
Tn
Tn = arn-1
.a = first term
.r = Common ratio
.n = number of terms
a ( r n 1)
,
r 1
r >1
Sn =
a (1 r n )
,
1 r
r <1
THE r th TERM
OR
T r = S r - S r 1
SUM OF INFINITY
Sn =
a
1 r
, -1 < r < 1
Tr
PROGRESSIONS
( Geometric Progression)
GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
or
Sn = ______________
or
Tn = ___________
a = _______________
r = _______________
l = _______________
n = _______________
2.2
Fill in the
blank
EXERCISE 1:
Complete each of the sequence below when give a (fist term ) and r (common ratio) .
A
.r
Example:
a)
-3
.b)
-2
.c)
.d)
-6
-2
.e)
1
2
1
3
.f)
1
y
3
4
y
3
2.3
(-3)(2)3 = -24
EXERCISE 2 :
2.3.1
Example :
.r = common ratio
a) -8, 4, -2,
.r =
4
1
2
1
=
,
=
8
2
4
2
e)
1
2
4
x,
x,
x
3
9
27
f)
a 5,
g)
h)
a4 b,
a3 b 2
1
1
1
,
,
,.
4
12
36
1
1
1
,
,
,
27
9
3
EXERCISE 3 :
2.3.2 Given that the first three terms of a geometric progression are below.
Find the value of x
4
(true)
Geometric progression
Example :
a) .x, x + 4, 2x + 2,
x 4 2x 2
=
x
x4
Value x
(x + 4)2 = x(2x + 2)
.x2 + 8x + 16 = 2x2 + 2x
0 = x2 6x 19
0 = (x 8)(x + 2)
.x 8 = 0 @ x + 2 = 0
Hence x = 8 @ x = -2
b) x, x + 2 ,
x + 3
c) x + 3, 5x - 3, 7x + 3
e) x 6, x, 2x + 16
2.4
Tn = arn-1
5
EXERCISE 4:
2.4.1 specific terms in arithmetic progressions
Example :
1. Find the 7 th term of the geometric
progression.
- 8, 4 , -2 , ..
Solution:
a=-8
T7 = (-8)(
=
3.
1
8
r=
1 7-1
)
2
4
1
=
8
2
4 2
,
, 1 , .. ,find the 9 th term .
9 3
5.
4.
6.
Example :
a) 64, - 32, 16,.-
b) 2,
1
8
1
1
a = 64, r = 8
2
1
1
n 1
64
=2
8
1 n 1
1 1
=
2
64 8
1 n 1 1 6 1
=
2
2
2
1 n 1 1 9
=
2
2
-4, 8, 512
Tn = -
.n - 1 = 9
.n = 10
5
27
.d)
4
2
81
,
, 1..
,
9
3
16
2.5 Find
a) The sum of the first n terms of geometric progressions
b) The sum of a specific number of consecutive terms of
geometric progressions
7
geometric progressions
Example :
.a) 2, - 4, 8,
.a = 2
b) 5, 10, 20..
c) 12, -6, 3
d)
S7
4
r=
= -2
2
1
2
4
x,
x,
x,.
3
9
27
2(1 ( 2) 7 )
1 ( 2)
= 86
S8
S9
S6
geometric progressions
Example 1
.a = 4
r=
1
64
1
n 1
=
64
1 1
n 1
=
4 64
1 2 1
n 1
=
2
2
Tn
1
.a) 4, 2, 1,
64
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
=
4
2
.n 1 = 8
.n = 9
S9
c) 24,
4 1 1 / 2
=
1 1 / 2
= 7 63
64
1, 3, 9,. 2187.
12, 6,
3
4
2.5.3 The value of n , given the sum of the first n terms of geometric
progressions.
EXERCISE 8 :
Example :
.a)
1
27
and
.
2
128
27
128
1 3
27
(r ) =
2
128
(r 3 ) =
(r 3 ) =
27 2
128 1
27
3
, Hence r =
64
4
1
1
and 607 .
2
2
c)
2
22
and 7
.
3
27
2.4 Find :
a) the sum to infinity of geometric progressions
b) the first term or common ratio, given the sum
infinity of geometric progressions.
10
to
S sum to infinity
a
S
1 r
a = first term
r = common ratio
EXERCISE 9:
1.
2.
81, -27,9, ..
2 2
6, 2, , ,.......
3 9
a=6
2
1
r
6
3
a
S
1 r
6
=
1
1- -
3
9
=
2
3.
1 1 1
, , ,....... ..
2 4 8
EXERCISE 10:
1.
1
. The
25
Example:
The sum to infinity of a geometric
progression is 8. Given that the first
term is 2. Find
a) the common ratio
b) the third term
3.
Solution:
a)
S 8
a
8
1 r
2
8
1 r
3
r=
4
b)
Tn ar n 1
3
=2
4
9
=
8
31
12
4. Express each of the recurring decimal below as a fraction in its simplest form.
Example:
Example:
0.3
4.020202
0.3
1 0.1
0.3
0.9
1
a)
c)
1.121212..
d)
5.070707...
b)
0.444.
0.232323
EXERCISE 11:
Example:
A garderner has a task of cutting the
grass of a lawn with an area of 1000
m2 .
On the first day, he cut an area of 16m 2 .
Tn ar n 1
T10 16(1.1)9
= 37.73 m 2
b) S n 1000
1000
16 1.1n -1
1.1-1
160(1.1n 1) 1000
1.1n 1 6.25
1.1n > 7.25
14
SPM QUESTIONS:
1. 2003 (Paper 1: No.8)
In a geometric progression, the first term is 64 and the fourth term is 27. Caculate
(a) the common ratio
(b) the sum to infinity of the geometric progression.
[4 marks]
2. 2004(Paper 1: No.9)
Given a geometric progression
4
y , 2, , p,..... ,express p in terms of y.
y
3. 2004(Paper 1: No.12 )
Express the recurring decimal 0.969696as a fraction in its simplest form.
[4 marks]
Diagram 2 shows the arrangement of the first three of an infinite series of similar
triangles. The first triangle has a base of x cm and a height of y cm. The
measurements of the base and height of each subsequent triangle are half of
the measurements of its previous one.
y cm
xcm
Diagram 2
(a) Show that the areas of the triangles form a geometric progression and state
the common ratio.
[3
marks]
(b) Given that x= 80 cm and y= 40 cm,
(i)
1
cm 2 ,
4
[4 marks]
ASSESSMENT:
1.
that
rn 0
2.
3.
The third term and the sixth term of a geometric progression are
27 and 8 respectively. Find the second term.
4.
1
. Find
2
31
.
8
5.
ANSWERS:
EXERCISE 1:
b) 3, 6, -12, 24
c) 4, 12, 36, 108
d) -6, 12, 124, 48
EXERCISE 2:
a) true
b) false
c) true
19
1 1 1
1
, , ,
2 6 18 54
y 4 y 2 16 y 3 64 y 4
f)
,
,
,
3
9
27
81
e)
EXERCISE 3:
b) x = -4
c) x = 3
d) x = -12 @ x = 8
EXERCISE 5:
b) n = 9
c) n = 8
d) n = 7
EXERCISE 7:
c) n = 8, S 8 = 3280
d) n = 9, S 9 = -1022
1
e) n = 6, S 6 = 47
4
EXERCISE 9:
1. 28.24
3
2. 60
4
3. 1
d) false
e) true
f) true
g) false
h) true
EXERCISE 4:
1
1. T 7 = 8
1
2. T 8 = 2
26344
3. T 9 =
2304
4. T 3 = 32
b9
5. T 10 = 4
a
6. T 10 = 0.000021
EXERCISE 6:
b) 275
1
c) 8
64
665
d)
729
EXERCISE 8:
b) r = 3
c)a = 3
EXERCISE 10:
2.
3.
4.
5.
20
r=0.74
a=72
a) 360 b) 7
4
a)
9
23
b)
99
4
c) 1
33
7
d) 5
99
EXERCISE 11:
13 days
SPM QUESTION:
3
1. a) r
b) S 256
4
8
2. p 2
y
32
3.
33
1
4. a) r
4
1
b)i. n=5 ii. 2133
3
5. a) x=5 b) x=4
6. a) r=3 b) n=7
ASSESSMENT:
1. a) x=3
2.
3.
40
27
2
1
2
4. a) -2
5.
b)
40
b)
7
16
1
3
21