GEAS SOLUTION

8. A tornado warning siren on top of a tall

pole radiates sound waves uniformly in all
directions. At a distance of 15.0 m the
intensity of the sound is 0.250 W/m2. At
what distance from the siren is the
intensity 0.010 W/m2?

r2 = r1

I1
I2

0.250

2f
k= =
v v

rad
m

Pmax
Bk
310 Pa

( 1.42 105 Pa ) 18.3 rad

v=

v=

RT
M

J
( 293K )
mol K
kg
mol

(1.4 ) 8.314
28.810 -3
m
s

12. Consider an idealized model with a

bird (treated as a point source) emitting
constant sound power, with intensity
inversely proportional to the square of the
distance from the bird. By how many
decibels does the sound intensity level
drop when you move twice as far away
from the bird?

-8

A=

m
s

11. Compute the speed of sound waves in

air at room temperature (T=20C) and find
the range of wavelengths in air to which
the
human ear (which can hear
frequencies in the range of 20-20,000 Hz)
is sensitive. The mean molar mass for air
(a mixture of principally nitrogen and
oxygen) is 28.8 x 10-3 kg/mol and the
ratio of heat capacities is = 1.40.

v =344

( 2 rad )( 1000 Hz )
k=
m
344
s

A=

1.610 10 Pa
v=
kg
11.3 103 3
m
3

9. In a sinusoidal sound wave of moderate

loudness
the
maximum
pressure
variations are of the order of 3.0 x 10-2 Pa
above and below atmospheric pressure pa
(nominally 1.013 x 105 Pa at sea level).
Find
the
corresponding
maximum
displacement if the frequency is 1000 Hz.
In air at normal atmospheric pressure and
density, the speed of sound is 344 m/s
and the bulk modulus is 1.42 x 105 Pa.

k =18.3

v =1.210

W
m2
r 2 = 15 m
W
0.010 2
m
r 2 = 75 m

v=

-8

A =1.2 10 m
10. What is the speed of longitudinal
waves in a lead rod?

2 - 1 = 10dB log

I2
I
- log 1
I0
I0

2 - 1 = 10dB [ ( log I 2 - log I0 ) - ( log I1 - log I 0 ) ]

I2
I1

( )

2 - 1 = 10dB log

GEAS SOLUTION
15. A stopped organ pipe is sounded near
a guitar, causing one of the strings to
vibrate with large amplitude. We vary the
tension of the string until we find the
maximum amplitude. The string is 80% as
long as the stopped pipe. If both the pipe
and the string vibrate at their fundamental
frequency, calculate the ratio of the wave
speed on the string to the speed of sound
in air.

( )
( )

2 - 1 = 10dB log

2 - 1 = 10dB log

2 - 1 = 10dB log

r1

r 22

r 12

(2r 1 ) 2
1
4

va
v
= s
4 La 2 Ls

2 - 1 = -6.0dB
14. On a day when the speed of sound is
345 m/s, the fundamental frequency of a
stopped organ pipe is 220 Hz. a.) How long
is this stopped pipe? b.) The second
overtone of this pipe has the same
wavelength as the third harmonic of an
open pipe. How long is the open pipe?

Lstopped =

v
4 f1

345
Lstopped =
4

vs
= 0.40
va
16. If the siren is moving away from the
listener with a speed of 45 m/s relative to
the air and the listener is moving toward
the siren with a speed of 15 m/s relative to
the air, what frequency does the listener
hear?

fL = fS

m
s

( 1220 s )

m
m
+ 15
s
s
f L = 300 Hz
m
m
340 + 45
s
s

Lstopped =0.392 m
First Overtone;
Second Overtone;

v + vL
v+ V S

f5 = 5f1

f3 = 3f1

340

f L = 277 Hz

f 5 =5 ( 220 Hz )
17. The Concorde is flying at March 1.75 at
an altitude of 8000m, where the speed of
sound is 320 m/s. How long after the plane
passes directly overhead will you hear the
sonic boom?

f 5 =1100 Hz

f5 = 3

m
s

( )
345

2 Lopen

m
s
2 ( 1100 Hz )

(
=

3 345

Lopen

= sin-1

1
1.75

=34.8

vs = (1.75 ) 320

Lopen = 0.470 m
vs =560

m
s

m
s

GEAS SOLUTION

tan =
t=

8000 m
vs t

F
=-YT
A
F
11
-5 -1
=- ( 0.7910 Pa ) ( 2.4 10 K ) ( 5.1 K )
A

8000 m
m
560
( tan 34.8 )
s

F
6
=-8.6 10 Pa
A

t=20.5s
3

18. A glass flask with volume 200 cm is

filled to the brim with mercury at 20C.
How much mercury overflows when the
temperature of the system is raised to
100C? The coefficient of linear expansion
of the glass is 0.40 x 10-5 K-1.

F=A

( FA )

F= ( 2010 -4 m 2 ) ( -8.6 106 Pa )

F=-1.7 104 N

glass = 3glass

glass =3 ( 0.4 10-5 K-1 )

-5

glass =1.210 K

-1

V glass = glass V 0 T
V glass = ( 1.210 -5 K-1 ) ( 200 cm3 ) ( 100 -20 )

20. You are designing an electronic circuit

element made of 23 mg of silicon. The
electric current through it adds energy at
the rate of 7.4 mW = 7.4 x 10-3 J/s. If your
design doesnt allow any heat transfer out
of the element, at what rate does its
temperature increase? The specific heat of
silicon is 705 J/kgK.

T=

V glass =0.19 cm3

Q
mc

-3

T=

V mercury = mercury V0 T
-5

-1

V mercury = ( 18 10 K ) ( 200 cm ) ( 100 -20 )

V mercury =2.9 cm

7.4 10 J

( 23 10-6 kg ) 705 J

T=0.46

kgK

K
s

V mercury - V glass =2.9 cm3 -0.19 cm3

V mercury - V glass = 2.7 cm

19. An aluminium cylinder 10 cm long,

with a cross-sectional area of 20 cm2, is to
be used as a spacer between two steel
walls. At 17.2C it just slips in between the
walls. When it warms to 22.3C, calculate
the stress in the cylinder and the total
force it exerts on each wall, assuming that
the walls are perfectly rigid and a constant
distance apart.

21. A geologist working in the field drinks

her morning coffee out of an aluminium
cup. The cup has a mass of 0.120 kg and
is initially at 20.0 C when she pours in
3.00 kg of coffee initially at 70.0 C. What
is the final temperature after the coffee
and the cup attain thermal equilibrium?
(Assume that coffee has the same specific
heat as water and that there is no heat
exchange with the surroundings.)

Qcoffee = m coffee c water T coffee

Qcoffee = ( 0.300 kg ) 4190

J
( T-70.0 )
kgK

GEAS SOLUTION

Qaluminum = m aluminum caluminum Taluminum

Qaluminum = ( 0.120 kg ) 910

(including the lid) of 0.80 m2 and wall

thickness 2.0 cm. It is filled with ice,
water, and cans of Omni-Cola at 0C. What
is the rate of heat flow into the box if the
temperature of the outside wall is 30C?

J
( T-20.0 )
kgK

Qcoffee +Qaluminum =0

( 0.300 kg ) 4190

H=kA

22. A physics student wants to cool 0.25

kg of Diet Omni-Cola (mostly water),
initially at 25C, by adding ice initially at
-20C. How much ice should she add so
that the final temperature will be 0C with
all the ice melted if the heat capacity of
the container may be neglected?

Q1 = m ice 4.2 104

J
s

Q=1.04 10 J

24. A thin square steel plate, 10 cm on a

side, is heated in a black-smiths forge to
a temperature of 800C. If the emissivity
is 0.60, what is the total rate of radiation
of energy?

Q1 = m ice cice T ice

H= Ae T
J
( 0 - ( -20.0 ) )
kgK

H= ( 0.020 m 2 ) ( 0.60 ) 5.6710 -8

J
kg

25.
The
condition
called
standard
temperature and pressure (STP) for a gas
is defined to be a temperature of 0C =
273.15 K and a pressure of 1 atm = 1.013
x 105 Pa. If you want to keep a mole of an
ideal gas in your room at STP, how big a
container do you need?

Qomni + Q1 + Q 2 = 0
-26000 J + m ice 42000

W
( 1073K )4
2
4
m K

H=900W

Q2 = m ice Lf
Q2 = m ice 3.3410 5

J
kg

( sJ ) ( 86,400s)

Qomni =-26,000 J

Q1 = m ice 2.1 103

Q= 12

J
( 0 -25.0 )
kgK

Qomni = ( 0.25 kg ) 4190

Q= Ht

Qomni = m omni cwater T omni

( )

H=12

J
J
( T-70.0 ) + ( 0.120 kg ) 910
( T-20.0
) =0
W
kgK
kgK
H=
0.010
( 0.80 m2 ) 30 -0
mK
0.020m

T=66.0

(LT - T )

J
J
+ m ice 334000
=0
kg
kg

m ice = 69g
23. A Styrofoam box used to keep drinks
cold at a picnic has total wall area

V=

nRT
p

( 1mol ) 8.314
V=

1.013105 Pa

V=0.0224 m

J
( 273.15K )
molK

GEAS SOLUTION

V=22.4L
26. Five gas molecules chosen at random
are found to have speeds of 500, 600,
700, 800, and 900 m/s. Find the rms
speed.

av

2
= r
m 2
m 2 a tan m
+ 800
+ 900
s
s
s
rad
a tan = ( 0.800m ) 50.0 2
s

[( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ]
500

m 2
m
+ 600
s
s

v2av =5.10 105

m
s2

+ 700

a tan = 40.0

m2
s2

m
s2

a rad = 10.0

m
s

a rad = 80.0

27. A rocket is in outer space, far from any

planet, when the rocket engine is turned
on. In the first second of firing, the rocket
ejects 1/120 of its mass with a relative
speed of 2400 m/s. What is the rockets
initial acceleration?

mo
dm 120
=dt
1s

a=

a=

2
tan

rad
( 0.800m )
s2

m
s2

+ a rad 2

40.0

a = 89.4

m 2
m
+ 80.0 2
2
s
s

) (

m
s2

51. A force of 500 N forms angles of 600,

450, and 1200, respectively with the x, y
and z axes. Obtained the scalar
component of F.

dm m 0
=dt
120
v ex dm
m 0 dt

F x =500N ( cos 60 ) =250N

( )

m
2400
m
s
a=- 0
m0
120s

a = 20

a rad = 2 r

v rms = 5.10 105

v rms =714

v rms = v 2av

a=-

instant, the thrower is spinning at an

angular speed of 10.0 rad/s and the
angular speed is increasing at 50.0 rad/s2.
At this instant, find the tangential and
centripetal
components
of
the
acceleration of the discus and the
magnitude of the acceleration.

F y =500N ( cos 45 ) =354N

m
s2

28. A discus thrower moves the discus in a

circle of radius 80.0 cm. At a certain

Fz =500N ( cos 120 ) =-250N

Therefore:

F= ( 250N ) i+ ( 354N ) j- ( 250N ) k

64. In Physics, what should be the speed
at which an object must travel so that its
mass will increase by 10%
Relativistic Mass

GEAS SOLUTION

m=

m0

1-

V
c

1.21=

( )

1.1 m 0 =

[ ( )]
[ ( )]
1-

m0
V
1c

( )

1.21 1-

V
2
c

V
2
c

=1

0.21 c =1.21 V
V=0.416c