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RESUMEN
densidad de la madera.
ABSTRAeT
The weight of wood per unft of volume. that is. i/s density, is affected by de content
of humidi/y, and this varies in mora than 100% in wood just and 0% in ovendry stale.
This situation implies that there are two different ways to assess the density of this
material according to the objective of this determination. In the case of a freight. iI is
important to determinate Ihe weight per unit of vo/ume of the amount of humidity in the
moment. In the case of the wood in service it is importent to determinale the weight per
unit of volume at the equilibrium moisture canten/.
In the presenl study there are convincing re/elions between different forms to
express the density of the wood wi/h the ones compared experimental/y. and Ihey are
compared with the resu"s obtained app/ylng the norm NCH 17612 Of86. and wi/h the
ones which give the relation based on rhe density of 'he hygroscopy water
(e)
INTRODUCCION
OBJETIVOS
AlDO asTERNA.$ P.
METODOLOGIA
Definiciones de Densidad
=Peso a CH =x % I Volumen a CH =x %
se
CN =100' (V.v-V.o)
V.v
ALOO CISTERNAS P.
CONTRACCION (%)
(O,CTV)
t
. ~
I
Cx
L.......................... ..
(psr,O)
Figura N 1.
DESARROLLO DE
CH (%)
LA CONTRACCION VOLUMETRICA
=k*(psf .. x)
Donde:
Cx = Contraccin hasta un CH = x %. ( % )
psf = Contenido de humedad al punto de saturacin de las fibras (30%
aprox.). ( % )
x
= Contenido de humedad. ( % )
Volumen ,. NUmero 2. 1W41305
contraccin
lineal para una variacin unitaria del contenido de humedad
(pendiente de la recta).
Cx=100* (V.v-V.x)
V.v
En la cual, si se reemplaza Cx por la relacin encontrada anteriormente, se
tiene:
k*(psl x) = 100*(V.v V.x) / V.v
En esta se despeja V.X y se liene:
V.x
Donde:
V.x =
V.v
=
k
x
psI =
=
=
Do,x = Po /Vx
x =100' (Px-Po)
Po
AlOO CISTERNAS P.
Po / Vv Y
Vx
Do,x
Po / Vx, pero
Do,x=
Do,x=
Db / [1 - k (psf x)/100)
Dx,x / (1 + xl100)
Db =
Db / [ 1 k (psf x)/100 )
Po / Vo y
Vo
Vx [ 1 k (x 0)/100 J
Do,x
Po / Vx
Do,o=
Po / [ Vx ( 1 k x /100) )
Do,o=
Do,x / ( 1 k x /100 )
Do,o=
Po / Vo
Vo
Vv [ 1 k (psf 0)/100 ]
Db=Po/Vv
v _ 1, '""-o 2, 18lM1307
00,0=
Po I [VV (1 - k psf/100)
00,0=
Db I ( 1 - k psf/1 00 )
CONTRACCION (%)
(O,CTV) ..
Cy ...
...._......_.....
~t---=-:-l_____ . .
Figura N 2.
(psf,O)
CH (%)
Do,y=
Po I Vx y
Do,y = Po I Vy
Vx [ 1 .. k (x/100 .. y/100) J
Po I ( Vx [ 1 .. k (x/100 .. y/100)
I}
AI.DO CISTERNAS P.
Do,y
OO,x
[1- k (x / 100- Y /100)]
Diseo Experimental
v_a._2.1_
RESULTADOS
Cuadro N 1
DENSIDAD BASleA REAl y ESTIMADA PARA PINO RAOIATAINoS93)
DENSIDAD BASICA
Obrul
Db estimada en base a contraccin vo'umtrica
PROMEDIO
409
IKalm"l
cv (%\
11
409
11
Db estimada en base a la densidad del agua
hlor0sc6oica
416
10
413
11
17612 0186
=
=
12.6 'lI.
7.7 %
26.0 %
0.49
499 Kglm'
ALDO CISTERNAS P.
CONCLUSIONES
BIBLlOGRAFIA
Collins, M.J., 1983. Density Conversions lor Radiata Pine. Fri Bulletin N" 49. Forest
Research Institute. New Zealand Forest Service. Private Bag. Rotorua. New Zealand.
Instituto Forestal, 1990.. Calculo de Construcciones en Madera. Manual N" 13 Vol. 1.
Instituto Nacional de Normalizacion, 1984. NCh 176/1. 01 84. Madera - Parte 1:
Determinacion de la Humedad.
ALDO OSTERNAS P.
ANEXO
2.
Du,u
= Db (100 + u) 1100
y ,; psf
u " psf
2:
3:
Despejar Db en la frmula 2.
RO.H,O.hig
RO.H,O.hig
2.
Do,y
Do,x
Db
100'Dy,y
(100+ Y)'[1+
Do,x
Do,y
[1-k'
(x /100 - Y/100)]
y~x~psl
Db=
Dy,y '[100-k'(pSf-Y)]
(100+y)
= ch de ensayo (%)
psI
= 28%
psf
AlDO CISTERNAS P.
Dy,y
Db
RO.psf
RO.x
RO.y
Volumen 8,
Numero 2, 19941315