Professional Documents
Culture Documents
and Technology
Turner-FaIrbank Highway
Research Center
6300 Georgetown Pike
McLean, Virginia 22101
Report
No.
FHWA/RD-85/045
A
~
u.s. Department
of Transportation
Federal Highway
Administration
'P
Final
August
Report
1985
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MATERIAL
ECONOMICS
OF LIGHTWEIGHT
Single-Cell
Box
Steel
Girders
Plate
AASHTO I-Girders
Segmental
Box
Cable-Stayed
Reduction
in
CONCRETE
83
Girders
83
9O
96
Girders
Bridges
Steel
by
96
99
Using
Lightweight
Concrete
99
DISCUSSION
Advantages
of Lightweight
Concrete
Disadvantages
of Lightweight
Concrete
Adequacy of Specifications
Material
and Structural
Properties
of Lightweight
Aggregates
Prestressing
of Lightweight
Concrete
Cost Analysis
101
101
102
102
FINDINGS
107
107
109
AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Findings
Recommendations
APPENDIXES
1. Rotary-Kiln
Lightweight-Aggregate
2. Structural
Lightweight-Concrete
Guide Specifications
3. Structural
Lightweight-Concrete
Field
Control
Procedures
Plants
Bridge
103
104
105
110
113
Bridge
122
REFERENCES
138
BIBLIOGRAPHY
142
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The
first
extensive
the
building
of
buildings,
masonry
at
blocks
the
industry.
iar
the
with
bridges
is
has
used
it
The
of
been
in
used
in
been
the
of
the
to
placement
in
the
There
also
been
performance
of
Although
bility
of
cerning
the
well
field,
is
it
as
the
no
does
have
a suitable
for
in
over
bridges.
concrete
industry
and
advantageous
concrete
the
used
in
members.
building
con-
are
it
the
buildings.
steel
famil-
where
it
is
concrete
have
the
specifications
and
the
been
has
of
a bridge.
in
bridges
problems.
of
familiarity
opinions
it
of
mainly
Onlyoccasionally
members
there
construction
So far,
girders.
structural
Most
the
genof
the
concrete,
with
regarding
has
its
its
behavior.
the
occasional
material.
consensus
with
of
contractors
routinely
to
cast-in-place
in
concrete
conflicting
lightweight
experiences
material
to make
as
there
with
spread
building
precast
in
lightweight
especially
and
was
justified.
but
do
the
established
have
soon
basis,
both
of
lightweight
satisfactory,
use
production
in
is
designers
than
primary
have
poor
become
decks
problems
have
weight
lightweight
roadway
the
uses
erection
and
slower
performance
erally
and
functionally
acceptance
Its
members,
Building
or
I.
in
Other
concrete
material,
economically
used
structural
has
War
concrete
On a volume
buildings.
concrete
struction
been
mostly
transportation
Lightweight
The
present
lighter
lightweight
World
bridges.
for
The
structural
to
lightweight
precast.
of
during
then
are
include
for
ships
and
aggregates
use
of
opinion
concrete
for
its
performance,
sufficient
construction
concerning
bridge
record
material
structures,
it
of
should
successful
for
buildings
the
suita-
nor
con-
be noted
that
applications
and ships,
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