Professional Documents
Culture Documents
COMPUTER
BASIC OF COMPUTER
INTRODUCTION
A computer generally means a programmable machine.
Computer is an electronic device that manipulates
information, or data. It has the ability to store, retrieve,
and process data. You probably already know that you can
use a computer to type documents, send email, play games,
and browse the Web. You can also use it to edit or
create spreadsheets, presentations, and even videos.
Computer consists of at least one processing element,
typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form
of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic
and logic operations or other mathematical operations.
Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an
external source, and the result of operations saved and
retrieved. Peripheral devices means input and output devices.
HISTORY OF COMPUTER
The history of computer science began long before the
modern discipline of computer science that emerged in the
20th century. The progression from mechanical inventions
and mathematical theories towards the modern computer
concepts and machines, formed a major academic field and
the basis of a massive worldwide industry.
TYPES OF COMPUTER
Since the advent of the first computer different types and
sizes of computers are offering different services. Computers
can be as big as occupying a large building and as small as a
laptop or a microcontroller in mobile & other systems. The
four basic types of computers are.
Super computer
Mainframe Computer
Minicomputer
Microcomputer
COMPUTER ORGANIZATION
Computer Organization is a lower level and detailed
description of the system that involves how the different
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
INTRODUCTION OF SOFTWARE
Software is just instructions written by a
programmer which tells the computer what to do.
Programmers are also known as software developers.
Software programs can have millions of lines of code. If one
line doesn't work, the whole program could break! Even
the process of starting software goes by many different
names in English. Perhaps the most correct technical term
is execute.
Software acts as soul of hardware, it tells the hardware to
do task. Hardware and software will not work without each
other. Software will not work without hardware and
hardware will not work without software.
Programming Software.
System Software: System software is the software
used to manage and control the hardware components and
which allow interaction between the hardware and the
other types of software. The most obvious type of system
software is the computer's operating system but device
drivers are also included within this category.
Application Software: Applications software (also
known as 'apps') are designed to allow the user of the
system to complete a specific task or set of tasks. Popular
examples of application software are the Microsoft office
suite which includes Word, Excel and PowerPoint. Internet
explorer, Mozilla Firefox are applications used to access the
internet. E-mail software like Outlook express is used to
manage Emails. It is obvious that all software utilized for
working on a computer is classified as application software.
Utility Software: Utility software is software such
as anti-virus software, firewalls, disk defragmenters which
helps to maintain and protect the computer system. Utility
software helps in the management of computer hardware
and application software.
Programming Software: Now this is a kind of
computer software which is used exclusively by computer
programmers. Unless we are also programmers, we are
unlikely to come across programming languages. A simple
way to understand programming languages is to think of
them as bricks which can be used to create applications
and operating system. C++, Java,PHP and Simlab are
some popular programming languages. Generally Java is
used for internet applications. C++ is a language of
professional developers and used extensively in developing
operating systems. PHP is another language used for