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FLUID STATICS
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Px = Pz = Pn
F1
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A1 A 2
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P1 g + z1 = P2 g + z 2 = (P g + z )Datum
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z3
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Ph = Pa + gh
Example : Case Involving 2 fluids.
Determine the gage pressure at the
bottom of the tank
The equation has to be applied to each
fluid separately
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dP
7 = g = Pg
dz
P = Po e
( z zo ) g
RT
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Function of Temperature
Troposphere :
T = To ( z zo )
Stratosphere :
T = Tcons
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RT
T (z zo )
P = Po o
To
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P1 + m gz1 = P2 + m gz 2
P1 = Patm ; z2-z1 = h ; P2 = Pvap << Patm : -
Patm = m gh
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Pgage = f gh
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P4 = Patm + m gh f g
If f << m : P4 = Patm + m gh
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P1 - P2 = ( m f )gh 2 f g(b a )
Static pressure
change from
A to B
Static pressure
change due to
the system
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paradox
-,
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- ,
.
Consider the magnitude of the
hydrostatic force on one side
of the plane
h
h
Area, A
dF=PdA
x
edge
view
centroid
elemental area
dA
normal
view
Atmospheric pressure is
ignored since both sides are
open to atmosphere
Fh = g h A = g y sin A
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y cp =
h
I xx
yA
Fh
Area, A
centroid
CP
ycp
x cp =
I xy
_
yA
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This is given in
Appendix . No
Need to Remember
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gh
F
hinge
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h
hinge
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dF=hdA
Cv
elemental area, dA
y
Area, A v
dF
dFx
dFy
ds
Vertical projection
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y cp _ v =
I xx _ v
_
hv Av
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F=
Fx + Fy
Centroid of
fluid above
surface
Cv
CP of vertical
projection
Fx
Fy
yCPv
Vertical projection
Note the Horizontal and Vertical Component of the Force Acts From Different Points
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Fy
Centroid of
imaginary fluid
above surface
Fy
CP of vertical
projection
Fy = g imaginary
F
_ above _ surface
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D
B
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3.9 Bouyancy
- Definition : Vertical Force on a body immersed in a stationary fluid.
It arises because the pressure varies with depth.
- Consider a body partly immersed in a fluid : Vol3
B
A
Vol2
Vol4
COG
Vol1
Mg
C
b
Mg = f g 1 = Fbouyancy
= Weight of displaced Vol
Archimedes Principle
- Act through the centroid of the displace volume => Centre of Bouyancy
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3.9 Bouyancy
Example 1 :A metal part (2) is hanged by a thin cord from a floating
wood block (1). The wood block has a specific gravity of 0.3 and
dimension 50 x 50 x 10 mm. The metal part has volume 6600 mm3.
Find the mass m2 of the metal part and the tension in the cord.
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3.9 Bouyancy
Example 2 : The partially submerged wood pole is attached to the
wall by a hinge as shown. The pole is in equilibrium under the action
of weight and buoyant forces. Determine the density of the wood?
3.9 Bouyancy
Hydrometry .. Hydrometer
is a device use to measure the
specific gravity of a liquid
Based on the buoyancy
principle
The depth of the hydrometer is
dependent on the specific
gravity of the liquid
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End of Chapter 3
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