POP QUIZ 1 - Mobile Programming

1. 3 different names in different contexts for the term Mobile Computing

a. Nomadic Computing : The computing environment is nodamic
and moves along with the user
b. Pervasive Computing : A computing environment, which is
pervasive in nature and can made available in any environment.
c. Anywhere, Anytime Information : Information is available
everywhere, all the time.
2. 5 segment of Mobile Computing
a. User with device : It can be either fixed devices like a desktop or a
portable devices, e.g: laptop, palmtop computer or telephones, mobiles phones
and digital TVs, pager or handheld terminal
b. Network : There a various types of Networds to be used in mobile
computer. They can fixed telephone networks, GSM, ATM, Frame Relay, ISDN,
CDMA, CDPD, DSL, Dial-up, WiFi, 802.11, Bluetooh, Ethernet, Broadband, ets.
So whenever user is mobile, he will use different network at different locations
and different times.
c. Middleware and Gateways : Gateways, also called protocal
converters, acts as a n interface between different transport bearers. These
gateways converts one specific transport bearer to another. E.g. from fixed phone
we access the service by pressing different keys on the telephone. These keys
generate DTMF signals. This analog signals are converted into digital data by
IVR gateway to interface with a computer application.
d. Middleware : Middleware also handles the presentation and
rendering of the content on a particular device. May also handle security and
personalization for different users.
e. Content (Application and Services) : This is the domain where
the origin server and content is. This could be an application system. The origin
server will have some means of accessing the database and storage devices.

3. 3 tiers of Network centric mobile computing architecture

a. First Tier - Presentation : This is the user facing system in the
first tier. This is the layer of agent application and systems. These application run
on the client device and offer all the user interfaces. This tier is responsible for

presenting the information to the end user. On smartphones, the agent software is
a local app that runs on the phone. It can provide all the necessary user interface
modules, basically including touch screen input, voice commands and audio,
video and text displaying. It is universally accessible to all smartphone users.
b. Second Tier - Application : This application tier or middle tier is
the engine of an ubiquitous application. It performs the business logic of
processing user input, obtaining data, and making decisions. In certain cases, this
layer will do the transcoding of data for appropriate rendering in the Presentation
Tier. Most of these functions are implemented using different middleware
software.
c. Third Tier - Data : The data tier is used to store data needed by
the application and acts as a repository for both temporary and permanent data.
The data can be stored in any form of datastore or database. These can range from
sophisticated relational database, legacy hierarchical database, to even simple text
files.

POP QUIZ 2 - 0Mobile Programming

1. Go to the000 net, look for more information regarding types of mobile os and
submit the report.
Android is a mobile operating system (OS) based on the Linux kernel and currently
developed by Google. With a user interface based on direct manipulation, Android is
designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet
computers, with specialized user interfaces for televisions (Android TV), cars (Android
Auto), and wrist watches (Android Wear). The OS uses touch inputs that loosely
correspond to real-world actions, like swi ping, tapping, pinching, and reverse pinching to
manipulate on-screen objects, and a virtual keyboard. Despite being primarily designed
for touchscreen input, it also has been used in game consoles, digital cameras, regular
PCs (e.g. the HP Slate 21) and other electronics.
As of July 2013 the Google Play store has had over one million Android applications
("apps") published, and over 50 billion applications downloaded. A developer survey
conducted in AprilMay 2013 found that 71% of mobile developers develop for Android.
At Google I/O 2014, the company revealed that there were over one billion active

monthly Android users, up from 538 million in June 2013.As of 2015, Android has the
largest installed base of all general-purpose operating systems.
Android's source code is released by Google under open source licenses, although most
Android devices ultimately ship with a combination of open source and proprietary
software, including proprietary software developed and licensed by Google. Initially
developed by Android, Inc., which Google backed financially and later bought in 2005,
Android was unveiled in 2007 along with the founding of the Open Handset Alliancea
consortium of hardware, software, and telecommunication companies devoted to
advancing open standards for mobile devices.
Android is popular with technology companies which require a ready-made, low-cost and
customizable operating system for high-tech devices. Android's open nature has
encouraged a large community of developers and enthusiasts to use the open-source code
as a foundation for community-driven projects, which add new features for advanced
users or bring Android to devices which were officially released running other operating
systems. The operating system's success has made it a target for patent litigation as part
of the so-called "smartphone wars" between technology companies

Windows Phone (WP) is a family of mobile operating systems developed by Microsoft

for smartphones as the replacement successor to Windows Mobile] and Zune. Windows
Phone features a new user interface derived from Metro design language. Unlike
Windows Mobile, it is primarily aimed at the consumer market rather than the enterprise
market. It was first launched in October 2010 with Windows Phone 7.
Windows Phone 8.1 is the latest public release of the operating system, released to
manufacturing on April 14, 2014.[The Windows Phone brand was phased out in
accordance to Microsoft's new branding strategy and is due to be succeeded in 2015
with the release of Windows 10 (mobile), which is designed to provide a universal
experience in conjunction with the PC version of Windows 10.

iOS (originally iPhone OS) is a mobile operating system developed by Apple Inc. and
distributed exclusively for Apple hardware. It is the operating system that powers many
of the company's iDevices.
Originally unveiled in 2007 for the iPhone, it has been extended to support other Apple
devices such as the iPod Touch (September 2007), iPad (January 2010), iPad
Mini(November 2012) and second-generation Apple TV onward (September 2010). As of
June 2014, Apple's App Store contained more than 1.2 million iOS applications, 500,000
of which were optimized for iPad. These apps have collectively been downloaded more
than 60 billion times. It had a 21% share of the smartphone mobile operating system
units shipped in the fourth quarter of 2012, behind Google's Android. By the middle of
2012, there were 410 million devices activated. According to the special media event
held by Apple on September 12, 2012, 400 million devices had been sold by June 2012.
The user interface of iOS is based on the concept of direct manipulation, using multitouch gestures. Interface control elements consist of sliders, switches, and buttons.
Interaction with the OS includes gestures such as swipe, tap, pinch, and reverse pinch,
all of which have specific definitions within the context of the iOS operating system and
its multi-touch interface. Internal accelerometers are used by some applications to
respond to shaking the device (one common result is the undo command) or rotating it in
three dimensions(one common result is switching from portrait to landscape mode).
iOS shares with OS X some frameworks such as Core Foundation and Foundation;
however, its UI toolkit is Cocoa Touch rather than OS X's Cocoa, so that it provides the
UIKit framework rather than the AppKit framework. It is therefore not compatible with OS
X for applications. Also while iOS also shares the Darwin foundation with OS X, Unix-like
shell access is not available for users and restricted for apps, making iOS not fully Unixcompatible either.
Major versions of iOS are released annually. The current release, iOS 8.1.3, was
released on January 27, 2015. In iOS, there are four abstraction layers: the Core OS
layer, the Core Services layer, the Media layer, and the Cocoa Touch layer. The current
version of the operating system (iOS 8.0), dedicates 1.3 - 1.5GB of the device's flash
memory for the system partition, using roughly 800 MB of that partition (varying by
model) for iOS itself. It runs on the iPhone 4S and later, iPad 2 and later, all models of
the iPad Mini, and the 5th-generation iPod Touch.