ELONGATION INDEX

INTRODUCTION:
The type of rocks and type of crushing machine highly determine the shape and size
of the aggregates produced. Elongated and flaky stones are normally not very
suitable for roadworks since the shape and the make them difficult to compact. As
such the flakiness and elongation test mush be carried out to determine the
suitability of the material.

OBJECTIVE:
To determine the elongation indices of the given aggregate sample.

APPARATUS :
1. Sieve

2. Metal length gauge

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ELONGATION INDEX
3. Weighing scale

4. Tray

5. Sieve shaker

PROCEDURE :
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ELONGATION INDEX
1. 2000g of sample aggregate was delibrated and sieve are arranged followed
the table 1.
2. The sample was vibrated and deliberated the aggregate mass for once parts
of sieve.

3. Total mass (

M1

) of aggregate were calculated and percentage of

aggregate retained. Record the mass balance after discharge mass less than
5% (

M2

).

4. Used the metal length gauge to slot the suitable aggregate for this test.

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ELONGATION INDEX

5. All retained aggregate are mixed (M3) and deliberated elongation index.
Sieve
100% Passing (mm)
63.0
50.0
37.5
28.0
20.0
14.0
10.0

Elongation depth (mm)

100% Left (mm)
50.0
37.5
28.0
20.0
14.0
10.0
6.3

33.9 0.3
26.3 0.3
19.5 0.3
14.4 0.15
10.2 0.15
7.2 0.1
4.9 0.1

Table 1 : Data for determination of Elongation Index

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ELONGATION INDEX

CACULATION AND RESULT :

Aggregate
Size

Weight of

Weight of

Mass

Percentag

Mass

Fraction

plain sieve

sieve and

Aggregate

e Of

Balance

(g)

Aggregate

(g)

Retained

(g)

100%

(g)

(%)

retained
(mm)

37.5
28.0

1.487
1.470

1.487
1.470

0
0

0
0

0
0

20.0
14.0
10.0
6.3
TOTAL

1.355
1.106
1.111
1.175

1.655
1.969
1.729
1.393

300
863
168
218

15.00
43.17
30.92
10.91

300
863
618
218

M1

M 2 =199

= 1999

Formula Elongation Index = (

M 3 = 394G

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M3

M2

) x 100

ELONGATION INDEX

394
100
1999
= 19.71 %

DISCUSSION:
Based on the result obtained, each sample collected has about more than 5%
elongated aggregates. This shows that the samples are not suitable to be used for
bituminous mix. But, the appropriate percentage of elongated aggregates in each
sample is determined by the specification stated in respective manual used for
different purpose. Aggregates that elongated could always lower the workability of
concrete and also affects its long-term durability. In bituminous mixtures, flaky
aggregates make for a harsh mix that can crack or break up during the compaction
process.

CONCLUSION:
After carried out the test, the elongation index of the collected sample is
determined. By knowing the average index of about 19.71%, the sample collected is
not suitable for bituminous mix. But, different bituminous mix may require different
proportion of elongated aggregates. Therefore, appropriate manual should be
referred in order to gain the right mixture of aggregates for an accurate bituminous
mix.

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