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Water Circulation line diagram

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Drum Type Sub critical


C.R.: 2-8

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Once-through Super critical


C.R.: 1
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Bottom Ring Header

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As the pressure increases, the difference


in density between water and steam reduces.
Thus the Hydrostatic head available will not
be able to overcome the frictional resistance
for a flow corresponding to minimum
requirement of cooling of water wall tubes.
Consequently less circulation occurs.
To keep the same level of steam output at
higher design pressures, the distance
between the Bottom ring header and the
steam drum must be increased, or some
means of forced circulation must be
introduced.
Therefore natural circulation is limited to
boiler with drum operating pressure around
175 Kg/cm2.

# 48
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Forced Circulation used for pressure up to


194kg/cm2 (sub critical pressure).

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Beyond critical pressure phase


transformation is absent, hence
once through system is adopted
For supercritical units at low
loads always there is some
recirculation through tubes
No use of drum
Boiler circulation pump provide
the driving force
Suitable for pressure above 221kg/cm2.

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LOW LOAD SYSTEM WITH CIRC. PUMP


combined circulation

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Difference in the Circulation


System

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Boiling process in Tubular Geometries


Steam

Partial Steam
Generation

Steam

Complete or Oncethrough Generation

Water

Water

Heat Input

Heat Input

Water

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circul
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ability
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water
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conti
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Twall ( z ) = Tsaturation + T fw

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Economizer - energy savings

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220 C reduction in flue gas
temperature increases boiler
efficiency by 1%
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Steam volume increases to 1,600 times from


water and produces tremendous force
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Water wall design


Riffled tube and smooth bore tube

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Membrane Wall- A number of tubes are joined by a process of fusion


welding or by means of steel strips called fins.
pressurized furnace is possible. with the related Advantages like
Better load response simpler combustion control.
Quicker starting and stopping
Increased availability of boiler
Heat transfer is better
Weight is saved in refractory and structure
Erection is made easy and quick
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NO

OD(MM) X Thickness (MM)

FRONTWALL

283

63.5 X 6.3

SIDEWALLS

444

63.5 X 6.3

REAR WALLS

283

63.5 X 6.3

ROOF

142

63.5 X 6.3

M.S

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C.R.H

FROM F.R.S
BOTTOM RNG HDR& Z-PANEL
1ST

PASS W.W O/L HDRS

1ST

PASS W.W

ROOF I/L HEADER

2ND PASS UPPER C-HDR

2nd PASS LOWER C-HDRS

LTSH I/L HEADER

LTSH O/L HEADER

D.P.I/L HEADER

D.P.O/L HEADER

S.H. HEADER

R.H.HEADER

2ND

ECONOMISER

PASS ROOF O/L HDR(REAR

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Economiser
Boiler Drum
Down Comers
Water Walls
Water wall
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Primary Super
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Platen Super
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Final Super
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Reheaters
Burners
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U Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient, W/m2.K
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Desuperheater/Attemperator
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Chimney

Downcomer
waterwall

Fireball

Economiser

ID fan

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ESP

Bottom Ash

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210 MW Boiler: Water and Steam Circuit

LTSH

Final SH.
Platen SH.
500-540C

330-375C

375C-425C
Economizer
Water Wall
240-310C
310C

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Pressure Parts Material


SIPAT

Section
Economizer Tube

SA210C

Evaporator
Tube/Water
Wall

Spiral

SA213T22

Vertical

SA213T22

Primary

SA213T23, T91

Superheater
Tube

Reheater
Tube
Separator
Header

Secondary

SA213T12, T23, T91

Final

SA213T23, T91, T92

Primary

SA210C, T12, T23

Final

SA213T23, T91
SUPER304H

SH outlet

SA302C
SA335P91

RH outlet

SA335P91

500 MW Plant

::

DESCRIPTION

UNIT

HP HEATER IN
NCR 210 MW

SAT STEAM TEMP. IN DRUM

348

STEAM TEMPERATURE AT LTSH OUTLET

400

STEAM TEMPERATURE AT SH PLATEN OUTLET

510

STEAM TEMPERATURE AT FINAL SH OUTLET

540

STEAM TEMP. AT RH INLET

337

STEAM TEMP. AT RH OUTLET

540

WATER TEMP. AT ECO INLET

244

WATER TEMP. AT ECO OUTLET

274

AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE

35

AIR TEMPERATURE AT AH OUTLET (PRI. SIDE)

354

AIR TEMPERATURE AT AH OUTLET (SEC. SIDE)

348

FLUE GAS TEMPERATURE AT SH PLATEN INLET

1165

FLUE GAS TEMPERATURE AT RH FRONT INLET

1016

FLUE GAS TEMPERATURE AT RH REAR INLET

868

FLUE GAS TEMPERATURE AT SH FINISH INLET

753

FLUE GAS TEMPERATURE AT LTSH INLET

638

FLUE GAS TEMPERATURE AT ECO INLET

473

FLUE GAS TEMPERATURE AT AH INLET

379

FLUE GAS TEMPERATURE AT AH OUTLET

146

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