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High-Voltage GIS

yesterday - today - tomorrow


Peter Glaubitz, Siemens AG, Principal Expert GIS-Technology

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Table of content

GIS yesterday beginning and establishment of GasInsulated Switchgear


GIS today state-of-the-art GIS-Technology
GIS tomorrow reliable and trendsetting Technology
GIS Development, Manufacturing, Quality Control and
Operational Experience
Conclusion

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2014-06-12

Peter Glaubitz / E T HP GS CS

History of Gas-Insulated Switchgear Continous Development


2014

245 kV GIS, 5000 A/6300 A, 80 kA/90 kA

2013

First energized 420 kV GIS single break in Germany and Switzerland

2012

Introduction of the 420 kV / 63 kA GIS single break

2011

Introduction of the 420 kV / 80 kA GIS and 170 kV / 63 kA both powerful and compact

2010

7th generation of 145 kV GIS

2004

First 420 kV GIS with certification of the electrical life-time/ endurance (class E2)

1997

Introduction of new GIS circuit breaker generation:


self-compression interrupter unit and spring operated mechanism

1983

Delivery of 550 kV / 100 kA GIS (busbar rated current 8000 A)

1980

Introduction of first GIS switchgear with Aluminum-enclosure

1974

Delivery of first 420 kV GIS

1972

Delivery of first 220 kV GIS

1968

Delivery of first GIS

46
years
of
operational
experience

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Peter Glaubitz / E T HP GS CS

GIS Technology since 1968 (1)

1976 145kV,
3-phase GIS

Since 1968
Production of GIS
in factory Berlin

1986 300kV GIS double break

1972 245kV GIS 1974 420kV GIS

1968

1972

1974

1976

1983

1986

1983 550kV GIS

1968 123kV GIS, first


GIS still in service for
more than 46 years

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GIS Technology since 1968 (2)


Two factorys
for the local and regional market

Since 2001 GIS


Factory in
Shanghai/ China

2011 170kV, 4000 A,


63kA GIS

2001

2009
Since 2009 GIS Factory
in Aurangabad/ India

2010
2010 420kV single break GIS

2011

2013 First two 420


kV single break GIS energized in
Germany and
Switzerland

2012

2012 420kV GIS


80kA - double break

2013

2014
2014 245kV GIS,
5000A/6300A,
80kA/90kA

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145 kV GIS: steps of evolution - Examples

From passive
busbar

to active busbar
with combined disconnector- and earthing switch (3-position)

From central to decentral gas monitoring


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From hydraulic two pressure SF6- breaker


to double nozzle breaker
to self compression principle.
Peter Glaubitz / E T HP GS CS

Development of GIS CB principal Technology of all voltage levels


Platform concept - with life tank and dead tank CB
Double nozzle breaker with blast piston

Double SF6 pressure - principle

280 kPa

1800 kPa

Double nozzle breaker with blast lattice

compression

1968

1977

1985

1997

quenching
Spring stored energy mechanism with SF6
self-compression principle
quenching
compression

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Peter Glaubitz / E T HP GS CS

SF6 - GIS More than 46 years successfully in service


1968

2012

Since more than 46 years in service


123 kV, 31.5 kA

State-of-the-art GIS
7th generation 8DN8
145 kV, 3150 A, 40 kA

The switchgear are still gas-tight


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The size has been considerably reduced


Peter Glaubitz / E T HP GS CS

GIS pressure vessel


Steel pressure vessel

Mid 80s

Welding of the vessels in the windmill


Variants: construction steel, high grade steel e.g. flanges
CB with several interrupter units and big housings
High sheath currents
temperature rise
limited rated
currents
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Aluminum pressure vessel

Reduced sheath currents


higher rated currents

reduced temperature rise

High product quality due to advanced Al-casting


manufacturing process
Reduction in: dimensions, weight, material and resources
baywise transport and reduced CO2-emission
Peter Glaubitz / E T HP GS CS

Characteristics of SF6 1)
SF6 is a colorless, odorless and
a chemical neutrally (inert) gas
SF6 is 5x heavier than air, it is not toxic and
has no dangerous components inside
SF6 is no hazardous material
SF6 has no eco-toxic potential
SF6 has no impact on the ozonosphere
SF6 is a potent greenhouse gas (GWP2) 22.8003) x CO2)
SF6 has excellent electrical characteristics
1) Electra 06/2014 CIGR position paper
2) Global Warming Potential
3) According to EU-F-Gas-Regulation 517/2014
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EU-F-Gas-regulation
1995

Kyoto Protocol (F-Gas) Awareness on SF6 as greenhouse gas

2006-07

Implementation of the EU-F-Gas-Regulation 842/2006


No restriction on SF6 applied in electric power equipment
Various implementation on labelling, training, handling on SF6 to avoid emission

2011-07

Review according to 842/2006 10

2014-03

Approved by EU-Commission, EU-Council, EP (trialog)

2014-04

Adoption of the council

2014-05

Publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities


Comes into force 21 days later

2015-01

June 09, 2014

New EU-F-Gas-Regulation No. 517/2014 effective


Further on no restriction on SF6 applied in electric power equipment

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Three core elements


for the sustainable operation and future development of a GIS
The long expected life time of the GIS is mainly determined by the
Dielectric behavior

Insulating parts

Switching duties

Circuit breaker, but also Disconnector- and Earthing Switches

Gas-tightness

Functionality and environmental protection

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Dielectric behavior insulating parts


Experienced in-house design and manufacturing
Mechanical strength

ISC and temperature rise

Cleanliness during assembling in factory and on site


More than 46 years of permanent operating time

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Switching duties Circuit breaker, Disconnector- and Earthing switches


From yesterday until tomorrow
Circuit Breaker
110 kV 2500 A,
31.5 kA

Single
break

420 kV 5000 A,
63 kA

Other features: double break 80 kA, 2 cycle operation, higher dc-time constant
Disconnector- and Earthing Switch
2-position switch
3-position switch
Higher rated current
1250 A
5000 A (DS)
Higher rated withstand current
31.5 kA 80 kA (DS)
Increasing bus transfer current and bus transfer voltage AIS-values for GIS

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Gas-tightness Functionality and environmental protection


Gas-tightness essential for the functionality
static and dynamic solutions
Design and material assure extreme low leakage rate
IEC 62271-203 High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 203: Gas-insulated
metal-enclosed switchgear for rated voltages above 52 kV (09/2011)
Required leakage rate <0.5% / year / gas - compartment
our type testing <0.1% / year / gas - compartment

Extreme low emissions protect the environment

Axial direction
of rotation
Movement
of main contacts

Dynamic solution,
example for 145 kV GIS CB

Proven tightness on installed GIS for decades


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All installed GIS can be extended


Example GIS 123 kV extension

GIS have got a longer life-time


than originally expected
All long-time installed GIS can be
extended with the state-of-the-art
GIS type

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CIGR survey on reliability of high-voltage equipment and subsystems

CIGR Technical Brochures (2012) :


TB 509: Summary and General Matters
TB 510: SF6 Circuit Breakers
TB 511: Disconnectors and Earthing Switches
TB 512: Instrument Transformers
TB 513: Gas Insulated Switchgear
TB 514: GIS Practices
All brochures can be downloaded from e-cigre
www.e-cigre.com
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2014-06-12

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CIGR overall GIS survey

Switching equipment accounts for 80% of GIS irregularities


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CBs and year of installation

Live tank CBs have higher failure frequencies than dead tank and GIS
Newer live tank and GIS CBs have significantly less failures than older ones
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CIGR overall GIS failure survey


Observations and reflections
High voltage equipment seems to be more reliable than before
Many fairly old components are doing quite well
Very large differences in failure frequencies in different countries

In the surveyed population GIS equipment has substantially lower failure frequencies than AIS equipment
Disconnectors and earthing switches show a somewhat lower failure frequency than SF6 circuit breakers
The causes for the much higher failure rates for reactor and capacitor CBs should be considered
End-of-life for GIS open *

* CIGR Brochure No. 499 Residual life concepts applied to HV GIS


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2014-06-12

Peter Glaubitz / E T HP GS CS

Reliability of Siemens GIS


1800
Cigr average
Siemens GIS

MTBF [bay years]

1350

900

450

0
100-200 kV

200-300 kV

300-550 kV

total

Source: CIGR Report 513 Final Report of the 2004-2007 International Enquiry on Reliability of High
Voltage Equipment issued October 2012.

The reliability of our GIS is proven high


The failure rate of our Siemens GIS in every voltage level is significant lower than the
average in the CIGR study.
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2014-06-12

Peter Glaubitz / E T HP GS CS

GIS Standard matured for AC solutions


1965

No dedicated GIS standard existing, depending on HV product related

1975

IEC 60517 GIS 1. edition

1977

1st change, partial discharge (PD) added

1982

2nd change, Focus on encapsulation

1983

3rd change, experimental tests with arc failure

1986

IEC 60517 GIS 2nd edition, Revised

1990

IEC 60517 GIS 3rd edition,

standards

Review and additional references to other relevant standards, such as IEC 60694, common
regulations for High Voltage Switchgear
2003

IEC 62271-203 1st edition, Reduction of gas leakages from 1% down to 0.5% per year/ per gas
compartment

2011

IEC 62271-203 2nd edition, Annex F, information on service continuity

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Future trends and outlook


Apart from higher rated short circuit currents, environmental aspects and individual features
like dc-time constant for CB, DS bus transfer current and voltage, other solutions might be
Power VT for GIS
Optimized solution for high-voltage test at site of small substations (GIS 8DN8 / 72.5KV / 123KV / 145KV)
For difficult transport circumstances
Solution if the use of the standard high voltage test set gets difficult e.g. due to limited space
Test device CPC 100 with
in feed transformer CP PT1

Isolating
Transformer

Up to 3 Compensation
coils CP CR6

CP TR7
80 120 Hz

AC

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NCIT Technology - Instead of conventional current and


voltage transformers, NCIT solutions for GIS are foreseen
NCIT are current and/or voltage measurement devices which are not able to provide
a significant output power (>=2.5 VA).
Current Measurement

Interfaces

Voltage Measurement

Low Power (and low voltage) analogue interface according to IEC 60044-8
Digital interface according to IEC 61850-9-2

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2014-06-12

Peter Glaubitz / E T HP GS CS

GIS Outlook and Trends

Reduced material- and resource consumption


Higher rated currents / rated short circuit current
Higher functional integration
New materials (insulation, conductors)
Application of 3 phase encapsulation in higher voltage levels
New arc quenching technologies and CB drives
Reduction of enclosure volumina and required SF6-gas
Non-Conventional-Instrument-Transformers (NCIT)
Standardized bus protocol for bay control and instrument transformers (IEC 61850)

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2014-06-12

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State-of-the-art GIS

420 kV
145 kV
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2014-06-12

245 kV

Peter Glaubitz / E T HP GS CS

Conclusion on GIS

Very well proven and established solutions


Technology follows step-by-step development
Environmental friendly
SF6 still essential part of GIS-Technology
Focus on service activities due to long operational life-time

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2014-06-12

Peter Glaubitz / E T HP GS CS

Contact page
Peter Glaubitz
Principal Expert GIS-Technology
Siemens AG / E T HP GS CS
Freyeslebenstrae 1
91058 Erlangen
Phone: +49 (9131) 7-35010
Fax:
+49 (9131) 7-33820
Mobile: +49 (152) 22624064
E-mail: peter.glaubitz@siemens.com

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