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NPTELVideo:GeosyntheticsandReinforcedSoilStructures
http://www.nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/105106052/
What is a geosynthetic ?
Natural
Naturalorartificialproductthatisusedalong
or artificial product that is used along
withsoilingeotechnicalconstructions.
Natural:coir,jute,hemp,etc.
Artificial:polymericormetallic
p y
TYPES OF GEOSYNTHETICS
Geotextiles
Geogrids
Geonets
Geomembranes
Pre-fabricated vertical drains (PVD)
(
)
Geosynthetic Clay Liner (GCL)
Geocells (3
(3-d
d confinement)
Geocomposites & Geo-others
Barrier (fluid)
Drainage
Surficial Erosion Control
Filtration
Protection (of geomembranes)
Reinforcement
Separation
FlexibleBreakwaterunitmadeof
geosynthetics
th ti
b h
beachsandfilledbags
d fill d b
inropenetgabions
REINFORCED SOIL
Soil+reinforcement=reinforcedsoil
Reinforcement:
Ancient: Treebranches,grassreeds,straw,rootsof
vegetation bamboo tree trunks
vegetation,bamboo,treetrunks
Modern: Steel,polymeric,naturalmaterials
Soilisstrongincompression&reinforcementisstrongin
Soil is strong in compression & reinforcement is strong in
tension
Combinedproducthasmuchbetterengineeringproperties
than the individual constituents
thantheindividualconstituents
Reinforcedsoilconceptissimilartothatofreinforced
concrete
cv
Unreinforced
Embankments
Shallowunreinforced
Shallow
unreinforced
slope
Reinforced Soil
E b k
Embankments
t
Shallowunreinforced
Shallow
unreinforced
slope
Extraroad
Extra
road
spacegained
Steepreinforced
p
slope
10
ConventionalRetainingWalls
g
Masonrygravityretainingwall
Reinforcedconcretesemigravityretaining
wall
11
Componentsofreinforcedsoilretainingwalls
Reinforcement
layers
Facing
F
i
panels
Levelling pad
B kfill soilil
Backfill
Foundation soil
Constructionofairportat
Gangtok Sikkim by
Gangtok,Sikkimby
Ms/Maccaferri India
13
Constructionof33mhighembankmentatShillongbypassRoad
14
15
DifferentTypesofREWallsbuiltinIndia
Fullheightwalls
Steelmeshreinforcement
Modularblockwalls
Steelstripswithanchor
Geogridreinforcement
Panelwalls
Gabionfacings
Polymericstripreinforcement16
Topviewofthecompleted4tierwall
18
Viewoftheadditionalparkingspace
gainedatthetopofthehill
19
Flexible Pavements
FlexiblePavements
Flexible Pavements
FlexiblePavements
Bituminous wearing course
Base course
T
Sub-base course
Subgrade soil
Thickness of the pavement (T) depends on the
strength
t
th off subgrade
b d soil,
il ttraffic
ffi loading,
l di
d
design
i lif
life,
properties of layers
WBM material
WBM
GSB
WBM & GSB Layers in a flexible pavement
aggregatelayer
geotextileseparator
subgrade
soil
Drainagefunctionofageotextilelayer
ingressofwaterintopavementlayers
g
p
y
flowofwater
flowofwater
drain
d i
drain
FiltrationFunction
Watercomingoutleavingbehind
thefinesoilparticlesintact
Geotextilelayeractingas
afilter
Filter layer(s)
Base soil
Flow
direction
Pore pressure dissipation through soil
Simpleexplanationofthefilter
concept
Tea
ea filter
te sshould
ou d aallow
o
tthee
passage of liquid tea while
retaining the tea powder
If the openings in the filter are
large, tea powder will flow
th
through,
h which
hi h is
i undesirable
d i bl
If the filter openings are too
small liquid may not strain
small,
through freely, which is also not
desirable
BackDumpingAggregate
Geocell reinforcedflexiblepavement
spreading aggregate in geocell pockets
spreadingaggregateingeocell
Typical Crosssection
TypicalCross
sectionofalandfill
of a landfill
Cover system
GL
GL
Waste
W
t filled-up
fill d
i llayers
in
with alternate soil layers
Liner system
Cross sectionofatypicallandfillwithdifferent
Crosssection
of a typical landfill with different
typesofgeosynthetics
T i l
Typicalcrosssectionofalandfillwithdifferenttypesofgeosynthetics
ti
f l dfill ith diff
tt
f
th ti
Lining
g of the surface with HDPE g
geomembrane
Leak testing
g of g
geomembrane seams
ATNSCBHouselostintoseaduetocoastalerosioninMay2012
Deepgulleys
p g y formedonhighwayslopesbyrainwater
g
y p
y
inducederosion noticethefinesilty soilwhichishighly
susceptibletoerosion
Vi
View
off th
the llandfill
dfill after
ft covering
i with
ith vegetation
t ti
54/48
UseofstonefilledropenetgabionsforshorelinestabilizationatSwami
N i Temple,Tithal,Gujarat
Narain
T
l Tith l G j t
Geosynthetics - Introduction
55/48
ComponentsoftheGrassPlant(Hall1992)
InnovativeuseofgeogridsforshoreprotectionatNavi Mumbai
Sl. N
Sl
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Topic
T
i
Introduction to course and different types
of geosynthetics & applications
Principles, concepts and reinforcement
Mechanism
Types of polymers and manufacture of
geosynthetics
Determination of pproperties
p
of
geosynthetics
Design of road bases and earth beds using
geosynthetics
Design of reinforced soil retaining walls
Design of reinforced soil embankments
Soft ground improvement using PVDs &
other geosynthetics
A li ti
Applications
off geosynthetics
th ti iin llandfills
dfill
Case studies & summary of course
Total
A
Approx.
no. off classes
l
3
4
2
7
5
8
6
3
1
2
41