Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Prospect / Retrospect
Creating
Benchmarks
A new product or feature is
conceptualised to meet demands
which cannot be taken care of by
existing product or feature. When this
new product is manufactured and put
into operation, it caters of some of
the expectations, but by that time,
technological advances change
surrounding parameters. So it
becomes necessary to define the
parameters under which the product
is expected to deliver its desired
performance. And also it is essential
to define what is meant by desired
performance.
Standards are defined to set and
state these parameters. Standards
paraphrase conditions in which the
product is expected to perform and
they also define what should be the
desired performance. In a
competitive market, standards create
benchmarks which all similar
functioning products are expected to
meet or surpass. Thus, in a way,
L&T PRODUCTS
L&T's Air Circuit Breakers type
C-Power have been successfully
tested for various requirements of IS
13947 (Part 2)-1993 and IEC 9472(1989) at Central Power Research
Institute (CPRI), Electrical Research
& Development Association (ERDA)
and Association of Short Circuit
Testing Authorities, U.K. (ASTA).
C-Power ACB
L&T switches, type FF and FFO and
Fuse combination units, type FN63,
FN125 and FN200 comply with IS
13947(Part 3)-1993.
FEATURE
Introduction to IS 13947 :
A new Indian Standard on
Switchgear and Controlgear Products-II
- H. T. Mistry, Senior Executive-Design, Switchgear Design and Product Development
In the previous issue, we discussed
revisions in general requirements for
low voltage switchgear and
controlgear products covered by Part
1 of IS 13947. In this issue, we shall
discuss Part 2 and Part 3, product
standards pertaining to low voltage
circuit breakers, switches and fuse
combination units respectively.
(I) CHARACTERISTICS :
(a) Utilization category :
So far utilization categories were
defined only for contactors and
switches. In the new IS utilization
categories have been specified for
circuit breakers also. These have
been defined with reference to
selectivity i.e. whether a circuit
breaker is intended for selectivity by
means of an intentional time delay
under short circuit conditions.
Circuit breakers not specifically
intended for selectivity can be
assigned utilization category A e.g.
moulded case circuit breakers. These
breakers need not have short time
withstand rating (Icw).
Circuit breakers specifically meant for
selectivity are assigned utilization
category B. Air circuit breakers with
intentional time delay for tripping in
(II) PERFORMANCE
REQUIREMENTS :
(a) Test sequences :
In order to evaluate performance of a
product comprehensively, relevant
type tests are grouped into test
sequences. All tests in a given
sequence are carried out on the
same unit in prescribed order. Such
sequential testing represents actual
service conditions more closely.
Details of test sequences applicable
to circuit breakers are given in table 1.
(b) Operational performance
capability :
50
75
100
APPLICABLE TO
1.
2.
3.
1.
III
Rated ultimate s.c.
breaking capacity
(Icu)
IV
Rated short time
withstand current
(Icw)
Circuit breaker of
utilization category B
Circuit breakers of
utilization category B
i) when Icw=Ics
(Replaces Seq II & IV)
ii) when Icw=Ics=Icu
(Replaces Seq II,III&IV)
TESTS
II
Rated service s.c.
breaking capacity
(Ics)
Combined test
sequence
IS 13947-2
MINIMUM OP.CYCLES
IS 2516
MINIMUM OP.CYCLES
WITHOUT
CURRENT
WITH
CURRENT
TOTAL
WITHOUT
CURRENT
WITH
CURRENT
TOTAL
In < = 100 A
8500
1500
10000
4000
4000
8000
2500
500
3000
2500
500
3000
2500
500
3000
900
100
1000
2500 < = In
1500
500
2000
PART 3 : SWITCHES,
DISCONNECTORS, SWITCH
DISCONNECTORS AND FUSE
COMBINATION UNITS
This part pertains to low voltage
switches, disconnectors, switch
disconnectors and fuse combination
units and replaces both parts of IS
4064 - 1978.
Following changes have been
incorporated in the new IS.
(I) CHARACTERISTICS :
Subject to agreement
I
II (Ics)
AND
COMBINED
III (Icu)
IV (Icw)
NO. OF MARKED
WHETHER TERMINALS
OPERATIONAL VOLTAGE
MARKED LINE / LOAD
1
2
MULTIPLE
YES
NO
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
AS PER TEST SEQUENCE III
NO. OF SAMPLES
FOR TEST
1
2
3
3
4
2
3
3
4
IS 13947-3
RATING, A
I/ie
10
10
Ie <= 17
17 < Ie <= 100*
100 < Ie
MAKE
U/Ue
p.f.
Ir/Ie
1.05
1.05
0.45
0.35
8
8
IS 4064
MAKE/BREAK
Ur/Ue
1.05
1.05
p.f.
I/Ie
MAKE
U/Ue
0.45
0.35
10
10
8
1.1
1.1
1.1
p.f.
0.65
0.35
0.35
I/Ie
8
8
6
BREAK
U/Ue
1.1
1.1
1.1
p.f.
0.65
0.35
0.35
(II) PERFORMANCE
applicable to equipment normally
used to start, accelerate and / or stop
REQUIREMENTS :
individual
motors
(e.g.
AC
2,
AC
3/4)
Category AC 23A includes
are covered in appendix A. These
(a) Test sequences :
occasional switching of individual
were
hitherto
covered
by
part
2
of
motors. Utilization categories
All relevant type tests are grouped
IS 4064.
into four test sequences. These are
given in table 4.
TABLE 4 : SWITCHES, DISCONNECTORS, FUSE COMBINATION UNITS
TEST SEQUENCES
TEST SEQUENCE
TEST
I
General performance
characteristics
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
Temperature rise
Dielectric properties
Making and breaking capacities
Dielectric verification
Leakage current
Temperature rise verification
Strength of actuator mechanism
II
Operational performance
capability
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Operational performance
Dielectric verification
Leakage current
Temperature rise verification
III
Short circuit performance
capability
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
IV
Conditional short circuit current
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(i)
RATING,A
0 < Le < = 63
63 < Ie < = 100
100 < Ie < = 250
250 < Ie < = 315
315 < Ie < = 630
630 < Ie < = 800
800 < Ie < = 2500
2500 < Ie
IS 4064
MINIMUM OP.CYCLES
@ IS 13947-3
MINIMUM OP.CYCLES
$ WITHOUT
CURRENT
WITH #
CURRENT
WITHOUT
CURRENT
WITH
CURRENT
10000
3000
3000
1000
1000
1000
300
300
500
150
150
50
50
50
15
15
8500
8500
7000
7000
4000
2500
2500
1500
1500
1500
1000
1000
1000
500
500
500
For further information, please contact Switchgear Contracts Division, Larsen & Toubro Limited, Saki-Vihar Road, mumbai 400 072.
Edited, printed and published by Cerena de Souza for Larsen & Toubro Limited. Published from L&T House, Ballard Estate, Mumbai 400 001,
and printed at Uma Offset, A to Z Indl. Estate, G. Kadam Marg, Lower Parel, Mumbai 400 013. Associate Editor: Luis S. R. Vas.