In English adjectives are invariable but in Russian, adjectives agree with the noun they describe in gender, number and case. In this table you will find all possible endings of a Russian adjective in the Nominative Case. Endings Examples J - bia HOBbIi CTON (new table) Masculine - nin MaJIEHbKH CTON (small table) singular - on 6onbuOi cTON (big table) > HK Nocne~Huis cTon (last table) @ -aA HoBaa slamna (new lamp) Feminine - AA nocnegHan Aamna (last lamp) singular S$ Neuter -0e HOBOe OKHO (new window) -ee XOPOLEe OKHO (good window} singular Po ig ) ads - ble HOBIE CTOMbI (new tables) Plural -ne XOPOWwMe NamnbI (good tables) any gender That is why adjectives with stems ending in any of those letters have the ending vii4 instead of bili (or ve instead of bie in plural). For example: xopownii, ManeHbKuii, GonbUIe S Remember! You cannot write the letter bi after r, K, x, , 4, Wor uy. Remember! You cannot write an unstressed o after x, 4, W, Wor uy. That is why Russian adjectives with stems ending in those letters have the ending ee instead of oe. For example: xopowieeIn Russian, adjectives agree with the noun in gender, number and case. So, if the noun is in Accusative (Acc.), the adjective must be in Accusative too. in order to form the Accusative of an adjective, you will follow these 3 steps: “AL the end of this page you will find an explanation on how to read the table ‘Step 1: Noun: Step 2: Adjective Step 3: Examples Adjective + Noun Nom. --> Acc. Examples Alpwony... =| see.. animate HOBbIN --> HOBOTO ‘AeyKy HOBOrO apyra Goon sna Gonbuioii Al sway Gonbuioro »KyKa Masculine ‘animals) xOpowiiii ‘A BY XopoUlero Apyra singular ‘manimate Nom.=Acc. | — |Hoswilt > Hossit (cron) | | A ery HoBui cron Feminine HOBan --> HOBYIO ‘Alyy HoBylo noapyry singular CUSIS ==> CHHIOID Al awKy CHHioIO KHMTY Neuter Nom. = Ace. HoBOe --> HOBOE (OKHO) ‘Al BiDKy HOBOE OKHO singular . * xopowiee --> xopouiee ‘Sl BWKY XOpoUlee OKHO ‘animate HOBBIC --> HOBLIX ‘fl binky HOBDIX NOApyr (people and XOPOWMe --> xOpOWIMx Slawxy xopownx apyselt Plural animals) tnasziine, ‘smnnesst | Fmamimate neuter) objects) Nom. = Acc. HoBbIe --> HoBbIe (KHAT) ‘Al By HOBbIe KHATH 1) . Ge How to read this table = Step 1: What is the gender of the noun? Is the noun inanimate (an object) or animate (a living animal or human)? = Step 2: Examine the adjective in Nominative (Nom.) and with the right gender and number. Pay attention to its ending and check the step 2: the table will tell you which is the ending of the adjective in the Accusative (Acc.). ~ Step 3: Find some examples of noun + adjective. We use the Russian verb "to see”, which requires Accusative.In Russian, adjectives agree with the noun in gender, number and case. So, if the noun is in Dative (Dat.), the adjective must be ‘in Dative too. In order to form the Dative of an adjective, you will follow these 3 steps: “At the end of this page you will find an explanation on how to read the table “The examples use “to give" (I give to my brother / to a door / to the seas...). The sentences dont make sense always but will help you learn*** Step 1: Noun Step 2: Adjective Step 3: Examples Adjective + Noun Nom. --> Dat. Examples A gan... =| give to. ; bii--> omy HOBUIT --> HOBOMy Fl aio HOBOMY Apyry Masculine oft --> omy Gonbwoii --> Gonbwiomy Al gato Gonbuiomy 6paty singular nit --> emy xopowinit --> xopowiemy A gaio xopowemy cTony Feminine an --> oii/elt Hoan --> HoBolt A nai Hosoi noppyre singular fn --> eit cutiaa --> enter Al gato cuneli Kure Neuter 0€ --> omy HoBOe --> HOBOMy Al pato HoBomy oKHY. singular ee --> emy xopoliee --> xopowiemy A palo xopowiemy OKHY Plural bie ==> bIM HOBBIE --> HOBLIM ‘Al pag HoBbIM noppyram ural a a> (masculine, feminine and neuter) new HN XopaulHe --> XOPOUli, Alaa xopouinm voirram Ge How to read this table - Step 1: What is the gender of the noun? Is the noun in singular or plural? - Step 2: Examine the adjective in Nominative (Nom.) and with the right gender and number. Pay attention to its ending and check the step 2: the table will tell you which is the ending of the adjective in the Dative (Dat.). + Step 3: See examples of noun + adjective. We use the Russian for “I give to..." which requires Dative.In Russian, adjectives agree with the noun in gender, number and case. So, if the noun is in Prepositional (Prep.), the adjective must be in Prepositional too. In order to form the Prepositional of an adjective, you will follow these 3 steps: “At the end of this page you will find an explanation on how to read the table Stop 1: Noun Step 2: Adjective Step 3: Examples Adjective + Noun Nom, --> Prep. Examples A aymawo 0... =| think of... . HOBBIIA --> HOBOM. A aymaio 0 HOBOM Apyre Masculine 6onbWO! --> 6onbLIOM A ayaio 0 GonbwOM Gpate singular XOPOWMii --> xopowiem A aymaio 0 xopowiem crone Feminine an --> 04 HOBaRA --> HOBOH A aymaio 0 HOBOH Noapyre singular an ==> el cut --> cuneii A aymaio o caved Kare Neuter oe --> OM HOBOe --> HOBOM A AyMal0 0 HOBOM OKHE singular ee --> eM xopoulee --> xopowem Fl Ayal 0 xopowem OKHE Plural bie --> Bix HOBbIe --> HOBbIX A ayaio O HOBbIX Nogpyrax (masculine, feminine and We --> 1x XOpoulne --> xOpoWnx Fl aymalo 0 xopowinx KHHraX we How to read this table = Step 1: What is the gender of the noun? Is the noun in singular or plural? - Step 2: Examine the adjective in Nominative (Nom.) and with the right gender and number. Pay attention to its ending and check step 2: the table will tell you which is the ending of the adjective in the Prepositional (Prep. - Step 3: See examples of noun + adjective. We use the Russian for ‘I think of. ', which requires Prepositional.In Russian, adjectives agree with the noun in gender, number and case. So, if the noun is in Instrumental (Inst.), the adjective Must be in Instrumental too. In order to form the Instrumental of an adjective, you will follow these 3 steps: “At the end of this page you will find an explanation on how to read the table Step 1: Noun Stop 2: Adjective Step 9: Examples Adjective + Noun Nom. --> Inst. Examples A rosopioc... =| talk to... . bil --> bIM HOBbIIi --> HOBbIM ‘A ropopio C HOBbIM APyroM. Masculine i --> bIM/M GoNbUOKi --> GOnbLIMM Alrogopio C GOL Gpatom singular Mi ==> UM XOpOWMi4 --> XOPOLIMM fl rosopio C XOPOLMM CTOOM Feminine an--> oli/et Hogan --> HoBOH Al rosopie ¢ HOBO!’ noapyroit singular an--> et gain -> quell Al rosopio ¢ cHHelt KHMrOr Neuter 0@ --> bIM HOBOE --> HOBbIM Fl ronopio C HOBBIM OKHOM singular ee --> UM xopoulee --> XopoLuum I ropopio C XOPOLM OKHOM Plural ble --> bIMM HOBbIe --> HOBbIMH Al ropopio c HOBbIMK Nogpyramn (maseating ene and me --> WM XOPOLINe --> XOPOLUMMA Al ropopio c XOPOWMMM KHAraMn joey How to read this table - Step 1: What is the gender of the noun? Is the noun in singular or plural? + Step 2: Examine the adjective in Nominative (Nom.) and with the right gender and number. Pay attention to its ending and check the step 2: the table will tell you which is the ending of the adjective in the Instrumental |(inst.). + Step 3: See examples of noun + adjective. We use the Russian for "I talk to...", which requires Instrumental.In Russian, adjectives agree with the noun in gender, number and case. So, it the noun is in Genitive (Gen.), the adjective must be in Genitive too. In order to form the Genitive of an adjective, you will follow these 3 steps: “At the end of this page you will find an explanation on how to read the table Step 4: Noun Step 2: Adjective Step 3: Examples Adjective + Noun Nom. --> Gen. Examples Her... = There is no... . bid --> oro. HOBBIi --> HOBOTO. Het Hoporo apyra Masculine Of --> oro 6onbWO! --> GonbUorO Het 6onbworo 6pata singular nit --> ero XOpownii --> xopowero Het xopowiero crona Feminine an --> of/en HOBaA --> HOBO Het HoBoi nogpyru singular Aa --> eli CUHAS --> CUHe Het cuHeii KHUrH Neuter oe --> oro HoBoe --> HOBOrO Her HoBoro oKHa singular ee --> ero xopowee --> xopowero Het xopowero OKHa Plural bie ==> bIX HOBBIE --> HOBLIX Het HoBbix nogpyr ural a> o> (masculine, feminine and neuter) new ax XOpOLINE => XOPOWX Her_xopowinx Kir & How to read this table - Step 1: What is the gender of the noun? Is the noun in singular or plural? - Step 2: Examine the adjective in Nominative (Nom.) and with the right gender and number. Pay attention to its ending and check the step 2: the table will tell you which is the ending of the adjective in the Genitive (Gen.). - Step 3: See examples of noun + adjective. We use the Russian for "There is/are no...", which requires Genitive.‘AS we can see, nouns ending with consonant or “2” require "bi" to form the plural. However, there are exceptions: aL After r, , x, %, 4, ul, uy you CANNOT write "bi". You have to use "i" instead. ONE OF A KIND PRODUCTS Look at the kHira (book) ===> KH Peer examples: Manbwnx (boy) --> Manbuini kapatiaauu (pencil) --> kapangauin sts (ball) => MBH w There are nouns in Russian that are always plural. Below we show you the most common: AeHisrn (money) 6pIokH (trousers) acts (watch, clock) HOHHMU! (Scissors) Ayxu (perfume) KaHuky/ib! (holidays) waxmarbl (chess) O4KH (glasses) a There are nouns that are always singular. You can see below the most common: Monoko (milk), BOAa (water), Macno (oil) and other uncountable substances ‘7i0608b (love), C¥acTbe (happiness), HeHaBHcTb (hatred) and other abstract notions ‘TeHHHC (tennis), GackeTGON (basketball), ¢yTGon (football) and other kinds of sport. me6enb (furniture), o6y6b (shoes), niocysa (plates and dishes) and other collective nouns Exceptions All the exceptions can be divided into 6 groups according to their irregular endings: el; (nationalities) --> bt ‘consonant --> cons.+ -a/-A (different endings --> ba KuTaey (Chinese) - KHTAMUbI AokTop (doctor) - ZoKTOpa Aepeso (tree) - Aepesbs ‘ANOHeL (Japanese) - ATOHLIbI anpec (address) - anpeca par (brother) - 6patea cnaney (Spantard) - HcnaHubi Bevep (evening) - sevepa pyr (friend) - apy3bn kopeet (Korean) - Kopelébi ras (eye) = rna3a ‘CbIH (son) = CbIHOBDA wranbaHeu, (Italian) - HranbaHub! ropog (city) ropona Kpbino (wing) - KpbiMbA Hemeu German) = HeMubi nacnopr (passport) - nacnopta nuct (leaf) = AWCTDA lamepwkaHeu, > aMePHKAHUL noesa (train) —- noesza cTyn (chair) - cTyAbA (American) yuirTenb (teacher) - yunTens HHH => He {totally irregular [the same singular and plural HT AMYAHHH (englishman)- anrnMdaHe | | Mate (mother) - MaTepH ‘MeTpo (underground) - MeTpo Tpamanisn (citizen) ~ rpanpaHe ‘Aoub (daughter) - aovepH TMaHKHO (piano) - NHaHHHO KPECTRBHMH (peasant) - KPECTRAHE PeGEHOK (child) - aeTH Kate (coffee) ~ Kae, MYCY/IbMAHMH (muslim) -MYCY/IbMaHe YBeTOK (flower) - UBETBI x066n (hobby) - x0664 XPHCTHAHMH (ehistian) - XPHCTHAHE ‘AGOKO (apple) - AGNOKH mambo (coat) + nansTo Paawo (radio) - paawo wocce (highway) - wocce mento (menu) ~ MeHIOThe Accusative Case (Acc.) marks the direct object of a sentence. For example: Al awxxy Kiinry = | see a book. The Russian word "book" was transformed from the Nominative (Nom.) "KHira” into the Accusative (Acc.). "KHIATy” See below these changes from Nominative into Accusative (Nom. --> Acc.) and from singular into plural (sing. --> pl.). Accusative sii ingular: Gender and type of Noun Nom. --> Acc. Examples A Byxy... =I see... animate consonant +a Spat --> 6pata Al Buy Gpata (people and U-->A Tepon --> repon Al Buky repon Masculine animals) b-->A YUYUTeNb --> yYnTeENA A Bway yuutena singular inanimate (objects) Nom. = Acc. CTO --> CTON Al BKy CTO KHUra --> KHUTY A BKy KHYTy Hegens --> Hegenio Al Buky Hefenio Feminine ABEPb --> ABEPb Al By ABepb singular A BwKy ANYO A BwKy Mope Neuter Nom. = Acc. A Bky 3faHne singular A Baky MMA Remember! Masculine animate nouns in singular share the same endings for Accusate and Genitive. For example: 6pat (Nom. singular) --> A Bwxy 6pata (Acc. singular) -- Het 6pata (Gen. singular)Accusative plural: Gender and type of Noun Nom. sing. --> Acc. pl. _ Examples Fenny... =1see... animate consonant +08 | [axtép--> axTépos F awmiy axtepoe werons repoii > repoea oxy repoee Masculine ape --> yapeli Alawny yapel plural — Thanimate (objects) cronu (pl) --> cron | | 8 avowy cronss ‘axrpuca > axTpic_ | [A eumy axrpnc_ animate Mapu ==> Hs Aawmy nis Feminine ame Mapiin --> Mapiit A wy Marit plural ons blue ==> Mbeti Aawoxy Meier nea Nom. pl. = Ace. pl] | kHHrH (pl) > KTH Fl ovoxy KevirH Aauny naua . Nom. pl. = Acc. pl. Alainy Mopa plural SaaHin --> 3ganin A atomy saanin mena --> wera Faroy mena Remember! Inanimate nouns in plural share the same endings for Accusative and Nominative. ‘Animate nouns in plural share the same endings for Accusative and Genitive. Pay attention to feminine nouns in singular that end in a in Nominative. First, remove this final a to create the Accusative plural. If you have a group of consonants at the end of the word, you need to insert the vowels o or e between the consonants. For example: esywika (Nom. singular) --> A By AeByWeK (Acc. plural) Remember! When a masculine noun in singular ends in x, 4, W or uy in Nominative, the Accusative plural gets the ending ei instead of os. For example: spay (Nom. singular) - apaeit (Acc. plural) ‘When a masculine noun ends in a or s (aeayuka / aaa), it forms the Accusative like feminine nouns, For example: aeaywia (Nom. singular) --> A BAY AEAYWKy (Acc. singular) Remember these Russian nouns with an |RREGULAR Accusative in plural: Gparea (brothers) --> Gparses (Acc. plural) novepn (daughters). KR apvaus tenes > apyaei ce. piu) MaTepn (mothers) ~ CbIHOBbA (sons) --> CbIHOBeli (Acc. plural) AeTH (children) -- aHrAM4aHMH (Englishmen) |--> govepeii (Acc. plural) matepeli (Acc. plural) ered (Acc. plural) > aHIaiwani (Acc. plural) ‘ANOALK (people) --> ANoAei (Acc. plural)The Dative Case (Dat.) marks the indirect object. For example: Al qaio kHHry noppyre = | give the book to my friend. The Russian word “friend” was transformed from the Nominative (Nom.) “nagpyra” into the Dative (Dat.). "nogpyre” In the table below you can see different changes from Nominative into Dative (Nom. --> Dat.) and examples. The examples use "to give" (I give to my brother / to a door / to the seas...). The sentences don't make sense always but will help you learn*** Dative case singular: Gender of the noun _—Nom. sing --> Dat. sing Examples A gato... give... consonant --> cons.+ y 6par --> 6paty A gato Opaty . h--> 0 cTon --> cTony Al gato ctony Masculine b--> 10 repoii --> repoio fl gato repoto singular yuutenb --> yunTento Al gato yuntenio a-->e BOfa --> BOAe A fat Boge: _ ase Hegens --> Hegene Al gato Hegene ee WA ==> Mapua --> Map AA gato Map bon ABepb --> ABepi gato ppepvi O-->y AMO --> AKU, A gato any Neuter e--> 10 Mope --> MOpIo A gato mopio singular Mal --> MEHH BpeMa --> BPeMeHH A aato BpeMeHi Remember! Marb (mother) and gow (daughter) are irregular. Their dative singular are marepn and gouepn.Dative case plural: Gender of the noun Nom. sing --> Dat. pl Examples A gat... =I give... Masculine consonant + am aKTEp --> aKTépam AA gato axTépam plural a-->amM cectpa --> céctpam A faw céctpam + O--> aM NIVCbMO --> NUCbMaM Al gato nucbMamM Feminine . plural W--> aM Fepgn --> repoAm A gato reponm + b--> AM 3BEPb --> 3BEPAM fl gato 3Bepam Neuter e@-->AM Mope --> MOPAM Al gato Mopam plural Al--> AM. HAHA --> HAHAM AA gato HAHAM Remember! The endings of the Dative plural do not depend on the gender. The endings are the same for all 0) genders and depend only on the ending of the Russian noun in Nominative singular. Remember these Russian nouns with an IRREGULAR Dative in plural: ~ 6patba (brothers) --> 6patbAM (Dat. plural) MaTepu (mothers) --> MaTepaM (Dat. plural) KD APy3bs (friends) --> Apy3bAM (Dat. plural) AetH (children) > AeTAM (Dat. plural) CbIHOBbA (sons) CbIHOBbsM (Dat. plural) Tioay (people) —--> OAAM (Dat. plural) Aovepn (daughters) --> qovepaM (Dat. plural)‘The Prepositional Case (Prep.) is used with prepositions. For example: A aymaio o KilHre = | think about the book. ‘The word "book’ was transformed from the Nominative (Nom.) "kHHra” into the Prepositional (Prep.). "KHHre” In the table below you can see different changes from Nominative into Prepositional (Nom. --> Prep.) and examples. Prepositional case singular: Gender of the noun Nom. sing --> Prep. sing Al aymato o.. = | think about.. consonant --> cons. +e Al aymato 0 6pare . ii Al aymawo o crone Masculine Al aymato 0 repoe ig Al aymato 06 yunrene anpe A aymaid 0 cecTpe ase Hepes --> Hegene Al aymato o Heaene me val ==> WA Mapuie ==> Mapvit Fl aymawo o Mapviit g ba iM ABeps --> aBep!: Al aymato 0 aaepy. oe AMUO --> AYE Fl aymato 0 Ane Neuter ee Mope --> mope Al aymato o Mope singular we ==> Wt aganne --> agannn Al aymato 0 sani Ma --> MeHH BpeMa --> BpemeHn Al aymato 0 Bpemenn Se There are some masculine nouns that have two prepositional cases: - Regular: it has the ending e: A aywaio o cage = I'm thinking about the garden. - Irregular: it has the ending y. We used it ONLY when meaning “location” (with prepositions 8/Ha): Moa kiura Gouna 8 caay = My book was in the garden. aaponopr (airport) - B asponopTy Nov (floor) -Ha nony Geper (shore, river bank) - Ha 6epery cag (garden) - B cagy néa (ice) - Ha AbAy cuer (snow) - B/Ha cHery Top (year) - 8 roay yron (comer) - B/Ha yray ec (forest) - B necy wka¢p (wardrobe)- 8 wkacby we Remember! Mat’ and qoub are irregular. Their prepositional singular forms are marepu and fovepn.Prepositional case plural: Gender of the noun Nom. sing. --> Prep. pl. Examples: Al aymaio o.. =| think about.. Masculine consonant --> cons.+ ax Al aymato 06_akTépax plural a--> ax Al aymato 0 c&éctpax + O--> ax Al aymato 0 AMuax Feminine . plural repoii --> repoax A aymato 0 repoax + 3Bepb --> 3Bepax A aymaio 0 3Bepax Neuter MOpsx A aymato 0 Mopax plura HAHA --> HBHAX Al aymaio 0 HAHAX Remember! The endings of the Prepositional plural do not depend on the gender. The endings are the same for all genders and depend only on the ending of the noun in Nominative singular. Remember these Russian nouns with an IRREGULAR Prepositional in plural: as 6patba (brothers) --> 6patbax (Prep. plural) KD Apy3ba (friends) --> apyabex (Prep. plural) AovepH (daughters) --> aouepax (Prep. plural) CbIHOBbS (sons) --> CbIHOBbAX (Prep. plural) AeTH (children) --> aetax (Prep. plural) Matepn (mothers) --> MaTepax (Prep. plural) AIAN (people) --> loAAX (Prep. plural) When do we have to use Prepositional? The Prepositional Case is used after prepositions. Below you can find some situations that require Prepositional Case - with the prepositions B y Ha (on / in / at): A.B wione - I'm at school / Moa KHMra Ha cTose - My book is on the table. - with the preposition o (about): A aymato o Te6e - I'm thinking about you.The Instrumental Case (instr.) tells "how*, ‘with what" or ‘with who". *At the end of the page there are more uses of Instrumental’ For example: A nuwy pyxoi = | write with a pen. ‘The word “pen” was transformed from the Nominative (Nom.) “py+#a’ into the Instrumental (Instr.). “py'kor In the table below you can see different changes from Nominative into Instrumental (Nom. --> Instr.) and exemples. “The examples use “to talk’ I talk with my brother / a door / the seas...). The sentences don't make sense always but will help you learn*** Instrumental case singular: Gender of the noun Nom. sing. --> Instr. sing. Examples: Aropopwo c... = | talk with... Aropopio c 6parom . A ropopio co cronom Maseutine Al ropopio c repoem singular yuuTedb -->y4nTenem|} Al ropopia c yyurenem a-> on ‘cectpa > cectpo Arropopio ¢ cecTpor Feminine A-> eli Heena --> Hepenel’ A rosopio c Heaenel’ singular ha --> eH ‘Mapua --> Mapvieii Aropopio ¢ Mapiieli b+ ABepb --> ABEPLIO Al ropopio c aBepbio ot Al ropopio c AMYOM Neuter etm A ropopig c MopeM singular (Mal=-> MeHEM Bpema --> BpeMeHeM A ropopio co BpemeHem. Ss Remember! Marb and foub are irregular. They have this instrumental singular: matepbio - 2ovepbio. Remember! You cannot write unstressed o after, 4, Ww, Wy Or 4. That is why, for example, the instrumental of ys is My»em (and not MysoM). Remember! If a noun starts with a group of consonant, the preposition c turns into co. ,) Examples: co cTos10M, co BpeMeHeM.instrumental case plural: Remember! The endings of the Instrumental plural do not depend on the gender. The endings are the same .) for all genders and depend only on the ending of the Russian noun in Nominative singular. Gender: Nom. sing. --> Instr. pl. Examples: Aropopw c... = | talk with... Masculine Consonant-->cons.+ an akTép --> akTépann ‘Al ropopio c akTépamn plural a--> aM cectpa --> cécTpam fl ropopio c cécTpamn + 0 --> aM AWW --> AMLaMHt Al ropopio c AMUaMn Feminine . plural W--> smu repoy --> repoamn A roBoplo c reposMi + b --> AMM 3BEPb --> 3BEPAMK fl ropopio co aBepamn Neuter @ --> AMM mope --> MOPAMH A ropopio c MOpAMK plural o> BMA HHA --> HBHAMM Al ropopio ¢ HAHAH Note some Russian nouns with an IRREGULAR Instrumental in plural: > 6patba (brothers) --> 6patbaMn (instr. plural) KD --> APY3bAMU (instr. plural) =+> CbIHOBBAMM (instr. plural) MaTepu (mothers) --> MaTepsMu (instr. plural) Apy3ba (friends) CbIHOBbA (sons) Ao4epH (daughters) --> AovepEMH (instr. plural) AeTH (children) --> qeTbMU (instr. plural) MioAY (people) --> OAPMH (instr. plural) When do we have to use Instrumental? ‘The instrumental is often use in Russian. Below you can find some situations where we require Instrumental Case: - to express thel “instrument” used to perform an action: OH nawer py4ko% - He writes with a pen. - with the preposition c (with): A way TyAa c ToGoii - I go there with you / Kocbe c Mon0KoM - Coffee with milk. - to tell the parts of the day: yrpo/ytpom: - morning / in the morning - qeHte/a4ém: afternoon / in the afternoon Bevep/Bevepom: evening / in the evening - Houb/Houblo: night / at night. - with some verbs like pa6orarb (to work as), crarb (to become), 2aHMaTaca (to be busy with), etc.‘The Genitive Case (Gen.) tells, among other uses, “absence of an object’. Example: Het crona = There isn’t any table. ‘The Russian word “table” was transformed from the Nominative (Nom.) ‘cron’ into the Genitive (Gen.). “croma’ In the table below you can see different changes from Nominative into Genitive (Nom. --> Gen.) and examples. ** at the end of this lesson you can find more uses of the Genitive Case ** Ge ‘ive Case singular: Gender of the noun Nom. sing. --> Gen. sing. Examples Her... = There isn't any... consonant --> cons, +a 6par --> 6para Her 6para i Tina Ton --> ctona Her ctona Masculine boa Tepoii --> repon Het repon ingular’ yuutenb --> yanTena Het yautenr a--> bi BofA --> BOLI Het Boab! Feminine A> Hegens --> Heaeni Het Henenui singular be eps --> aBept Her gpepi oa ayo --> mMya Her anya Neuter ea Mope --> MOpA Het mopa singular Ma--> MeHH BpeMa --> BpemeHh Her spemenn Remember! Masculine animate nouns in singular share the same endings for Accusate and Genitive. For we example: Gpat (Nom. singular) --> A Boxy Gpara (Acc. singular) -- Het Gpata (Gen. singular) Remember! In Russian we never write ui after r, K, x, , 4, WU OF Li. That is why feminine nouns ending in a will get # at the end in genitive: KrWwra --> KHHTH. we Remember! Matt and oub are irregular. Their genitive singular forms are atepy and qouepi.Genitive Case plural: Gender of the noun Nom, sing. --> Gen. pl. Examples Her... = There aren't any... axrép ==> axTépos Her akrépos ymtne | ("nt fonscrons. | |p eroms ascutine ; repoii--> repoes Her repoes Plural ape --> yaperi Her yapeit axrpuca --> axrpac_ | —|Her akrpuc_ HAH --> HAD Her HAH Feminine Mapua --> Mapuli Her Mapuii plural Moll --> Meier Her mows Her nay, Neuter Het mopelt plural Bnalve --> 3paniii Her sani Remember! Animate nouns in plural share the same endings for Accusative and Genitive. s, Pay attention to masculine singular nouns that end in», 4, wi or Wl. ,) In genitive plural they get the ending ei instead of os. For example: pau (Nom. singular) - spauieii (Gen. plural) s, Pay attention to feminine singular nouns that end in a in Nominative. .) First, remove this final a to create the Genitive plural. If you have a group of consonants at the end of the noun, you need to insert the vowels o or e between the consonants. For example: aesywa (Nom. singular) --> Het aesywiex (Gen. plural) Remember these nouns with an IRREGULAR Genitive in plural: 6patbs (brothers) --> 6parbes (Gen. plural) & Apyaba (friends) --> apy3eii (Gen. plural) CbIHOBbA (sons) --> cbiOBeH (Gen. plural) ‘Ao4epH (hijas) --> govepeii (Gen. plural) Maepy (madres) --> mareper (Gen. plural) AeTu (children) --> gered (Gen. plural) aHraMaHiiH (Englishmen) --> akraHyaH (Gen. plural) AloaH (people) --> ogeii (Gen. plural)When do we have to use Genitive? The Genitive is often use in Russian. Below you can find some situations where we require Genitive Case: - to express ownership: 3ro cron Moero 6para - This is my brother's table. - in many cases where we use “of” in English: Sto ctakaH Boab! - This is glass of water. - to express ownership with the construction y + genitive + ecmb: Y moero Apryra ectb cton - My friend has a table. = to express absence of an object/person: 3qecb moero Gpata HeT - My brother is not here. - Mxoro (a lot of), Mano (a little of), 6e3 (without) require genitive: 3qecb mHoro Boab! - Here there's a lot of water.Possessive pronouns in Russian agree with the noun in gender, number and case. In this table you will find all the forms of possessive pronouns in the six Russian Cases. Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Instrumental] |Prepositional animate] | inanimate On mOEro mOEMy MOErO Mon Or MOEN TeoH rpoero | | taoemy | | taoero poi TBOuM TeoéM ero ero ero ero ero ero ero Mascul. eé eé eé ee eé ee eé singular Haw rawero | | Hawemy| | Hawero Haw Hawi Hawlem Baw sawero | | eawemy | | eawero Baw Bann Bauiem, mx wx mx wx 1% wx wx ‘MOR moeli Moen ‘MOO ‘Molo moeli moe TBOR TeoeH Teoel TeOIO TBO Teoet Tee ero ero ero ero ero ero ero Feminine] ee eé e es ee eé 6 singular Hawa Haweli Haweli Hawy Hawy Haweli Haweli Bawa saweli saweii Bawy sawy saweli Bawieli mx wx mx wx wx wx wx MOE Moero MoeMy, ‘Moe MOE ‘MOM MOEN Ta08 Teoero Te0emy, Te0é Toe TeouM Ta0ém ero ero ero ero ero ero ero Neuter e e et es ee eé eé singular Hawe sawero | | Hawemy Hawe Hawe Hawn Hawem Bae rawero | | Bawemy Bawe sawe Bam Bauem mx wx mx wx wm wx ux Mon MOuX ‘Mou MO“X Mou ‘MOuMM WOW Teom TOU Tsou ‘TBOUX Te0H, Teoumn Teomx Plural ero ero ero ero ero ero ero tall e e es es ee eé eé genders) Hawn HaLHx Hawn HaWnx Hawn HaWHMn HaWunx Baw Bax Bah Baluhx sawn Balm BaHK mx ux wx ux wx ux ux.Possessive pronouns in Russian agree with the noun in gender, number and case. In this table you will find all the forms of gender and number in the Nominative Case. My Your His/its Her Our Your Their (singular) |(pturat formal) Masculine Mon TBOK ero eé Haw Baw Wx singular Feminine MOR TBOA ero eé Hawa Bawa ux singular Neuter Moe TBOG ero eé Hawe Bawe ux singular Plural MOK TBOU ero eé Halu Ballin ux (all cases) Remember! Relevant stc ) The Pronouns ero, eé and ux are invariable: they never change in none of the six cases.To form the plural of an English noun, in most cases, we only have to add an -s (house --> houses). In Russian, however, there are different possible endings to mark the plural. You can see below all possible endings of Russian nouns arranged in pairs: ending in singular + ending in plural. How the ending changes Examples Gender of the noun from singular --> to plural singular --> plural = consonant --> cons. + bl cTon (table) --> cTonb! Masculine “hi 2M My3eii (museum) --> My3eV -b 3M cnoBapb (dictionary) --> cnopapl - TeNb WN uTe/b (inhabitant) --> »xuTen “a > bl amna (lamp) --> jamnbl @ _. “Al Hegena (week) --> HegenU Feminine maa uctopua (story) --> wcTopu “b Houb (night) --> HON ~ OCTb HOBOCTb (news) --> HOBOCTM ° a ayo (face) => AMY oS Neuter e Al Mope (sea) --> Mops ve PA 3aaHve (building) --> 3aaHWA ~ MA 7? CHa uma (name) --> WMCHALike in many other languages, nouns in Russian have gender, which can be “masculine”, “feminine” or “neuter”. Knowing the gender is sometimes easy: nou (daugter) is a feminine noun, while ovey (father), is masculine. Most of the time, however, there is no logic in the election of gender. For example, the noun cron (table) is masculine. You can guess the gender of a noun by looking at its ending. Look at the table below to see the endings for each gender: Gender Endings Examples > |- consonant | 6par (brother) Get the tools ; md aii (tea) you need to Nascutine Pe ete (day) learn Dev & IT - Tenb deutesis (inhabitant) : skills fast! - a cectpa (sister) @ - a Hegean (week) Feminine - as Poccu (Russia) L Houb (night) + oct HoBocT® (piece of news) -o snug (face) gS -e ope (sea) Neuter - He 3gaHve (building) - Ma wma (name) Remember! The only ending shared by more than one gender is the .) letter ">". When that happens, you will have to memorize each noun Hands-on with its gender. These are the most common words with the ending b: te Masculine: rocrs (guest) Feminine: mare (mother) AeHb (day) ou» (daughter) Cree od] AoxK Ap (rain) ‘TeTpaab (notebook) kaneraps (calendar) Hous (night) TearnNowOnline cnosaph (dictionary) ‘cent (autumn) e Look at these exceptions. They have feminine endings, but they are masculine nouns: we Aenyuika (grandfather), my:x4uHa (man), asus (uncle), nana (dadIn the table below you can find all Russian personal pronouns. After the table you will find some explanatory notes. I/me Your He/him/it} She/her We/us You \They/them| (singular) |(pturat+formal) Nominative: A Tel oH/OHO oHa ‘MbI Bbl OHM Genitive: MeHAL Te6a ero, eé Hac Bac ux Dative: MHe Te6e emy, eh Ham BaM VM Accusative: MeHA, Te6a ero eé Hac Bac wx Instrumental: HOW To6OH uM en Hamu Bamn yn Prepositional: MHe Te6e HéM Hen Hac Bac HUX seri) NOTES Relevant stori 1. All declined forms of oH/oHa/oHO/oHM require to add Real conversation. an extra “H" when they come after a preposition. For example: A ropopio c Hei (| am talking to her). 2. The pronoun "ero" is pronounced “yevo" (and not “yego"). 3. The accusative and genitive forms are always identical. OTE Oy Tarai 4. The cases of ox and ono are identical (that is why we have included both in the same column). 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