TAP HUAN :

- AN TOAN LAO ONG

- VE SINH LAO ONG

- S CAP CU
www.duyennghi.com

NHNG QUY NH CHUNG

I - Muc ch y ngha cua cong tac ATL - VSL
II - Ngha vu va quyen li cua ngi lao ong
ve ATL - VSL
III - Ngha vu va quyen han cua An toan vien va ve sinh vien .
IV - Noi Quy ATL - VSL cua Doanh nghiep
IV - Phat HC ngi lao ong co nhng hanh vi vi pham cac quy
nh ve AT-VSL : Ngh nh 113 CP cua chnh phu ngay
16/4/2004 ( ieu 22 )
www.duyennghi.com

NHNG QUY NH CU THE VE ATVSL

I- ac iem va quy trnh lam viec bao am AT Ve sinh ( May moc
, thiet b . .
II- Cac quy pham , tieu chuan bat buoc lien quan ti cong viec .
III- Cac bien phap AT- VS khi lao ong
IV- Phng tien bao ve ca nhan
V- Cac yeu to nguy hiem , co hai , bien phap d phong , x ly s
co , s cu .
www.duyennghi.com

AN TOAN LAO ONG

YEU TO NGUY HIEM LA G ?

La nhng yeu to tieu cc phat sinh

trong san xuat khi tac ong len
ngi lao ong se gay :
tai nan lao ong .
www.duyennghi.com

VUNG NGUY HIEM LA G ?

Vung nguy hiem la khoang khong gian o co cac yeu to
nguy hiem oi vi ngi lao ong
Cac yeu to nay xuat hien :
- Thng xuyen
co tnh chu ky
- Hoac bat ng

TNL

www.duyennghi.com

Phan loai cac yeu to nguy hiem

7 Lam viec tren cao ( tren 2 met )
7 B sap b o vao ngi
7 B cac vat t tren cao ri vao ngi
7 Cac bo phan truyen ong
ng , chuyen ong
ng :

+ Truyen ong
ng : truyen banh
nh rang , ai chuyen .
+ Chuyen ong
ng : O to , xe nang , may truc .
+ Chuyen ong
ng quay , tnh tien : May cuon ep .
+ Chuyen ong
ng co ket cau : nhon , sac canh
nh , nhan .
--> tao : Nguy c cuon can kep cat
7Dong
ng ien : Khong bao che cach
ch ien , thiet b ien khong
tiep at , noi khong .
7 Vang ban : dung
ng cu - vat lieu
www.duyennghi.com

Phan loai cac yeu to nguy hiem

( Tiep theo )
7 Chay no ( Ly - hoa ) : bnh ap lc
7 lam viec trong vung
ng nguy hiem tam can cau quay .
7 hoa chat oc hai ( a xt manh
nh , kiem manh
nh , ben zen , Acsin .

. . ) , cac hi kh oc ( Clo , CO , SO2 , NO2 )

7 bong
ng do nhiet o cao hoac lanh
nh .

www.duyennghi.com

Cac yeu to tac hai nghe nghiep

Vi kh hau xau
Tieng on va rung soc
Bc xa va phong xa
Chieu sang khong hp ly ( choi qua hoac toi qua )
Bui : Hu c ( V, TV ) , Nhan tao : nha , cao su , Bui kim
loai : Fe , Cu .. , Vo c : Silic , amiang
Cac hoa chat oc
Cac yeu to vi sinh vat co hai
Cac yeu to ve cng o lao ong , t the lao ong go bo va
n ieu trong lao ong khong phu hp vi tam sinh ly bnh
thng va nhan trac cua c the ngi lao ong .

www.duyennghi.com

Cac bien phap ky thuat an toan

Thiet b che chan

Thiet b bao hiem ( thiet b phong nga )
Tn hieu bao hieu
Khoang cach an toan
C cau ieu khien , phanh ham , ieu khien t xa
Thiet b an toan rieng biet cho mot so thiet b , cong viec
Trang b phng tien bao ve ca nhan
Phong chay cha chay

www.duyennghi.com

THIET B CHE CHAN

Muc ch che chan :
- Cach ly vung nguy hiem va ngi lao ong
- Ngan nga ngi lao ong ri , tut , nga hoac vat ri vang
ban vao ngi lao ong
Phan loai thiet b che chan :
- Che chan tam thi hay di chuyen c : che san thao tac
trong xay dng
- Che chan lau dai hau nh khong di chuyen : bao che bo
phan chuyen ong
Mot so yeu cau oi vi thiet b che chan :
- ngan nga - khong gay tr ngai thao tac
- Khong anh hng ti nang xuat , cong xuat
- De dang thao lap
www.duyennghi.com

10

THIET B BAO HIEM

Muc ch : - ngan chan s co , han che s co
V du : Qua tai - Bo phan chuyen ong a chuyen ong qua
v tr gii han , qua nhiet o hoac nhiet o qua thap , qua
cng o dong ien ---> Thiet b bao hiem dng hoat
cua may .
ac iem : la qua trnh t ong loai tr nguy c s co hoac
tai nan
Phan loai theo kha nang t phuc hoi lai s lam viec cua
thiet b bao hiem :
- T ong phuc hoi : Van an toan kieu tai trong , r le
nhiet
- Phuc hoi bang tay : truc vt ri tren may tien
- Thay the cai mi : cau ch , chot cam
www.duyennghi.com

11

TN HIEU , BAO HIEU

Muc ch :
- Nhac nh CN kp thi tranh cac tac ong xau cua SX :
Bien bao , en bao , c hieu , coi bao ong
- Hng dan thao tac : Bang ieu khien , He thong tn hieu
bang tay K can truc , lui xe o to
- Nhan biet ve ky thuat va ky thuat an toan thong qua dau
hieu qui c ve mau sac , hnh ve
Phan loai tn hieu , bao hieu :
- Tn hieu anh sang - Am thanh ( coi chuong )
- ong ho cac loai - Mau sn ( o -> Che chan , Vang da
cam -> bo phan di chuyen ) - Hnh ve va ch - Tn hieu bang
tay .
Mot so yeu cau : De nhan biet - Kha nang nham lan thap
, o chnh xac cao - De thc hien
www.duyennghi.com

12

KHOANG CACH AN TOAN

Khai niem :
- Khoang cach an toan la khoang khong gian nho
nhat gia ngi lao ong va cac loai phng tien ,
thiet b , hoac khoang cach nho nhat gia cac thiet
b vi nhau e khong b tac ong xau cua cac yeu to
san xuat .
- VD : Khoang cach an toan gia ng day ien
tran ti ngi
Phan loai :
Tuy thuoc vao cong nghe , ac iem cua tng loai
thiet b ma quy nh cac khoang cach an toan .
www.duyennghi.com

13

C CAU IEU KHIEN , PHANH HAM ,

IEU KHIEN T XA
C cau ieu khien :
- Nut m may , ong may , he thong tay gat , vo lang ieu
khien
Phanh ham va cac khoa lien ong :
- Phanh ham : Phanh c , phanh ien , phanh t
- Khoa lien ong : t ong loai tr kha nang gay TNL
mot khi ngi lao ong vi pham quy trnh van hanh : VD :
ong bo phan bao che --> roi mi c m may . Hnh thc
khoa lien ong : c kh , kh nen , thuy lc , ien , te bao
quang ien
ieu khien t xa : co tac dung a ngi CN ra khoi vung
nguy hiem , ong thi giam nhe KL nang nhoc , oc hai
.
www.duyennghi.com
14

THIET B AN TOAN RIENG

BIET CHO MOT SO LOAI
THIET B , CONG VIEC
Noi at an toan cho cac thiet ien : vo may ien
, vo ong c , vo cap ien .
Cac r le ien t ong ngat ien khi s co ro
ien .
Day ai an toan cho ngi lam viec tren cao :
San thao tac va tham cach ien , sao cach ien
cho cong nhan van hanh ien
Phao bi cho ngi lam viec tren song
www.duyennghi.com

15

TRANG B BAO VE CA NHAN

Trang b bao ve mat : Vat ran ban phai , khoi b bong , tia
nang lng .
Trang b bao ve c quan ho hap
Trang b bao ve c quan thnh giac
Trang b bao ve au : chong quan toc , chan thng c hoc ,
cac tia nang lng
Trang b bao ve tay , chan : Ung , giay , gang tay
Quan ao bao ho lao ong

www.duyennghi.com

16

Phai eo bt tai
chong on

Phai eo knh
bao ve mat

www.duyennghi.com

17

Phai eo gang bao ve

tay

Phai oi non bao ve

au

www.duyennghi.com

18

PHONG CHAY , CHA CHAY

Chay la phan ng hoa hoc co toa nhiet va phat sang
Chay ch say ra khi u 3 yeu to :
+ Chat chay + O xy + Nguon nhiet
Mot so nguyen nhan gay chay no pho bien :
+ Do tac ong cua ngon la tran , tan la , tia la .
+ Do tac dung cua nang lng ien .
+ Do ma sat va cham gia cac vat .
+ Do phan ng hoa hoc cua hoa chat .
Bien phap phong chay cha chay .

www.duyennghi.com

19

AN TOAN KHI LAM VIEC

VI MAY CUON EP

Yeu to nguy hiem khi van hanh may : Tai nan thng say ra
do hai truc cuon quay ngc chieu nhau de hut tay , toc
Phng phap an toan :
+ Phai co bo phan dng khan cap
+ Gan thiet b nh hng va hang rao bao ve khi lam viec
vi tam ep , giay , vai , kim loai tam
Quy tac an toan khi van hanh :
+ Trc khi VH phai kiem tra trang thai hoat ong cua cac
thiet b an toan : nh thiet b dng khan cap .
+ Thiet b dng khan cap phai c lap at v tr thuan
tien cho ngi s dung .
+ Can lap at hang rao bao ve va thiet b nh hng v
tr de b ket .
+ Cac cong viec kiem tra , lau chui may ch c thc hien
www.duyennghi.com
20
sau khi dng may .

AN TOAN LAM VIEC VI XE NANG

Cac yeu to nguy hiem khi van hanh xe nang :
+ Do tiep xuc gia ngi va xe
+ Do hang ri + Do xe b o lat
Phng phap van hanh an toan :
+ Khong chat hang qua trong tai cho phep cua xe ;
+ Duy tr s on nh khi chay va khi tai ;
+ Gi ung gii han toc o cho phep khi lai xe ;
+ Khong quay xe ot ngot ;
+ Khong chay hoac quay xe ki a hang len cao
+ S dung tay nang , thanh chen thch hp vi tng
loai hang ;
www.duyennghi.com

21

 Nguy hiem do tiep xuc gia ngi va xe :ly do

+ Chay qua nhanh ng hep
+ Khi chay lui
+ Hang nhieu che tam nhn cua lai xe
Nguy hiem do hang ri : ly do
+ Hang e chenh venh
+ Xuat phat , dng , vong ot ngot
+ Tay lai cha thuan thuc
Nguy hiem do xe b o lat : Ly do
+ Quay xe vi toc o cao
+ Nen san lam viec b ngheng
+ Chat hang qua tai
+ ng i khong bang phang
www.duyennghi.com

22

AN TOAN LAM VIEC VI MAY NGHIEN

Cac yeu to nguy hiem khi van hanh may :
+ oi vi may nghien , may tron khi ca may m de gay
ra trao nguyen lieu ; ngi b nga hoac ri
+ Than the ngi tiep xuc vi cac bo phan chuyen ong ;
+ Ngi khac ieu khien khi ang lau chui , sa cha thung
may .
Phng phap van hanh an toan :
+ khi van hanh may nghien , may tron can kiem tra nap ay
va hoat ong cua bo khoa lien ket gia nap va cong tac
khi ong ;
+ Dng may khi lay nguyen lieu tron trong may ;
+ Khi lau chui , sa cha trong thung may , can lap khoa
vao cong tac khi ong va bao quan cha .
www.duyennghi.com

23

AN TOAN IEN
ac iem cua cac tai nan do ien gay ra :
- Do than the ngi tiep xuc trc tiep vi ien hoac s co
chay no do ien
- e e phong tai nan ien giat :
+ Lap at thiet b che , phu tranh e lo bo phan nap ien ;
+ Cach ien tot e e phong h , mat ien ;
+ e dau hieu bao nguy hiem vao thiet b ien
+ Khi lam viec gan bo phan nap ien hoac day cao ap can
s dng thiet b ien .

www.duyennghi.com

24

 Tnh chat nguy hiem cua thiet b va dung ien :

a) Khi lam viec co s dung thiet b ien trong moi trng
am t : Khi b t hoac mo hoi --> ien tr cua c the b
giam nhieu so vi luc kho rao --> s co ien giat de say ra
b) Khi cong viec co s dung cu ien di ong :
+ Can dung boc ong hoac ong dan e tranh lam tray lp vo
cua day ien ; can sap xep day gon gang .
+ Can noi mat Hoac noi va s dung thiet b chong mat ,
chong ro ien ( ELCB ) .
c) Khi lam viec vi dung cu co s dung ong c ien : can
ngat nguon ien khi sa cha cac dung cu co dung ong c
ien .
www.duyennghi.com

25

 AN TOAN IEN OI VI NGI LAO ONG :

ien rat nguy hiem , do o khi thiet b ien b hong khong
c t y sa cha ma nhat thiet phai bao cho ngi co
trach nhiem .
A) Khi s dung thiet b chieu sang di ong : Can dung thiet
b mang li bao ve bong -> tranh va ap --> v bong en
- Can dung tay nam cach ien e keo khi di chuyen thiet b .
B) Cau ch : can s dung cau ch ung tieu chuan , tranh s
dung day ong hoac thep e thay the ; Khi thay the cau ch
nhat thiet phai ngat ien nguon .
C) O cam : Trc khi cam phch phai xem nguon ien cua o
cam co thch hp khong va khi khong s dung , cam tay vao
phch va rut .
D) Bao quan vat , chat nguy hiem phong chong chay no :
Khong e cac chat kh , chat long de chay khu vc co
thiet b ien .
www.duyennghi.com

26

CAC QUY TAC AN TOAN IEN

OI NGI LAO ONG

Ch co nhng ngi co chng ch chuyen mon mi c sa cha ien

;
Khi phat hien hong hoc can bao cho ngi co trach nhiem;
Tay t khong c s vao thiet ien ;
Tat ca cac cong tac can phai co nap ay ;
Khong phun hoac e ri chat long len thiet b ien : nh cong tac , mo
t , hom phan phoi ien .
Kiem tra nh ky o an toan cua day dan ien
Khong treo , moc o vat len day dan ien , dung cu ien ;
Khong e cho day chay vat qua goc sac hoac may co canh sac , nhon ;
Khong noi nhieu nhanh vi day ong truc .

www.duyennghi.com

27

VE SINH LAO ONG

NG - BNN
Ve sinh lao ong :
ieu kien lao ong :
Benh nghe nghiep :
Bien phap phong chong BNN :
www.duyennghi.com

28

Cac yeu to nguy c gay BNN

Yeu to tac hai nghe nghiep :
- Tac hai lien quan en Moi trng lao ong
- Tac hai lien quan en Tam sinh ly lao ong & Ergonomi .

Yeu to loi song :

- Cac thoi quen va hanh vi khong ung trong sinh hoat :
Dinh dng , hut thuoc , uong ru , hoat ong the lc .
www.duyennghi.com

29

TAC HAI CHUNG CUA CAC YEU TO

TAC HAI NGHE NGHIEP
Khi cac yeu to nay vt tieu chuan VSCP se gay cho
ngi lao ong :
- Met moi
- Nang xuat lao ong giam
- Suy giam sc khoe
- Cham tai tao sc lao ong
=> gay TNL & BNN
www.duyennghi.com

30

MOI TRNG LAO ONG

Vat ly :
- Vi kh hau , bc xa nhiet .
- On , rung , ap xuat v.v. . .

Hoa hoc :
- Bui - hoa chat - Hi kh oc .

Sinh hoc :
- Vi khuan - Vi rut - Nam - Cong trung .
www.duyennghi.com

31

S DUNG AN TOAN HOA CHAT

1- Thong tin quan ly :

Phan cong trach nhiem cu the , thng xuyen huan luyen ve

cong tac an toan hoa chat .
Hoa chat phai co nhan va phieu an toan hoa chat rieng . oc
ky hng dan trc khi s dung .
Tat ca cac loai bao b , chat thai eu phai c thu gom , x
ly theo quy nh .
www.duyennghi.com

32

2- Van chuyen - bao quan - s dung

Khi van chuyen , hoa chat phai c cha trong cac thung
chuyen dung co ay u nhan , xep at chac chan , co day ai
an toan .
Khong van chuyen hoa chat cung vi thc pham .
Boc xep hoa chat phai nhe nhang , can than .
www.duyennghi.com

33

Kho tang hoa chat am bao :

- Ngan nap , trat t , thong thoang . ng i lai phai
thuan tien .
- Co he thong bao chay va cu hoa . Co so theo doi .
- Sap at theo quy nh ve an toan

www.duyennghi.com

34

3 - Ve sinh an toan lao ong

.

S dung ay u trang thiet b bao ho lao ong c cung cap

Trang thiet b BHL phai at chat lng , ung chung loai .

Ni lam viec phai co voi nc sach . Sau ca lam viec phai
tam ra , giat quan ao BHL sach se , khong mang trang
thiet b BHL ve nha .
Khong an , uong hut thuoc la khi ang lam viec .
www.duyennghi.com

35

4 - Sc khoe - cap cu
Co cac bien phap s cu ngi va phng tien di chuyen
trng hp khan cap .
Kp thi thong bao cac dau hieu bat thng ve sc khoe cua
mnh va ong nghiep cho can bo y te va ngi quan ly .
Neu b hoa chat ban vao mat phai xoi nc sach e ra mat
t nhat 10 phut .
Khi b day dnh hoa chat phai ci bo ngay quan ao b o nhiem
, xoi nc sach ra vung da b day dnh .
www.duyennghi.com

36

TAM SINH LY LAO ONG & ERGONOMI

( Chu yeu lien quan en to chc lao ong , thiet ke v tr lao ong )

Lao ong the lc nang nhoc .

T the lao ong go bo .
Cac Stress ( tam ly va xa hoi ...)
Cang thang than kinh giac quan , nhp ieu lam viec .
Tnh n ieu cua cong viec .
Thi gian lao ong , ngh ngi khong hp ly .
www.duyennghi.com

37

BENH NGHE NGHIEP

( Hien co 21 benh nghe nghiep c bao hiem xa hoi )

Benh phoi va phe quan

- Bui phoi Silic - Bui phoi Amiang - Bui phoi bong VFQ man nghe nghiep .
Cac benh nhiem oc nghe nghiep
Cac benh nghe nghiep do yeu to vat ly : X-Ray , Phong
xa , On , Rung , Giam ap
Cac benh da nghe nghiep : Sam da ,
loet da , loet vach ngan mui , viem da , cham tiep xuc
Cac benh nhiem kuan nghe nghiep : Viem gan vi rut ,
Leptospira
www.duyennghi.com

38

CAC BIEN PHAP PHONG CHONG

CAC YEU TO NGUY C GAY BNN
BIEN PHAP KY THUAT
- Ky thuat cong nghe
- Ky thuat ve sinh
BIEN PHAP TO CHC LAO ONG
BIEN PHAP CA NHAN
BIEN PHAP Y TE
www.duyennghi.com

39

- KY THUAT S CU TAI CHO

- CAP CU NHIEM OC HOA CHAT
CAC KY THUAT S CU TAI CHO
1- Cap cu ien giat
2. Cap cu bong
3. Cap cu ngat th
4. Cap cu ngng tim
5. Cam mau bang bo vet thng .
6 . Van chuyen nan nhan
CAP CU NHIEM OC HOA CHAT
www.duyennghi.com

40

PHAC O CAP CU

NGNG TH

( Tim con ap , co mach co )

www.duyennghi.com

41

ong tac I
1. Lay vat la hoac lau m
dai trong mieng
2. au nghieng

www.duyennghi.com

42

ong tac II
1. Tay nang co
2. Tay an tran
( Lam nga
au nang cam )

www.duyennghi.com

43

ong tac III

1. Bt mui thoi manh
qua mieng nan nhan
cho long ngc phong
len

www.duyennghi.com

44

ong tac IV
1. Thoi 12 lan trong 1
phut en khi nan
nhan th c

www.duyennghi.com

45

ong tac V

1.Khan bao
trung tam
cap cu
en ho
tr
www.duyennghi.com

46

Ghi chu
1. e nam cho thoang
2. Khong tap trung ong ngi quanh
nan nhan

www.duyennghi.com

47

PHAC O CAP CU
NGAT
Con th - Tim con ap

www.duyennghi.com

48

ong tac I
e nan nhan nam nga

www.duyennghi.com

49

ong tac II
1. au nga ra sau e
thong ho hap

www.duyennghi.com

50

ong tac III

1. Ni long ao nt e
khong tr ngai ho
hap va tuan hoan

www.duyennghi.com

51

ong tac IV

1.Dung khan
t lanh
lau mat

www.duyennghi.com

52

ong tac V
1. An va
xoay
manh
vao iem
1/3 tren
nhan
trung
www.duyennghi.com

53

Ghi chu
Khong tap trung ong ngi quanh nan
nhan
Neu 10 phut cha tnh ,mach yeu : goi
Trung tam cap cu en
Khong cho uong neu nan nhan me

www.duyennghi.com

54

PHAC O CAP CU NGNG TIM

1. Nan nhan con th
2. Khong co mach co
3. Con ngi dan n

www.duyennghi.com

55

ong tac I
1. am manh vao ngc
vung tim 3 am

www.duyennghi.com

56

ong tac II
1. Neu tim khong ap
lai, at nan nhan
tren mat phang cng

www.duyennghi.com

57

ong tac III

1. Dung got ban tay
phai at trc tiep
len 1/3 di xng c
, va got ban tay kia
at len mu ban tay
phai

www.duyennghi.com

58

ong tac IV

www.duyennghi.com

59

ong tac V

www.duyennghi.com

60

Ghi chu
Khan bao
trung tam
cap cu
en ho tr
www.duyennghi.com

61

PHAC O CAP CU
IEN GIAT

www.duyennghi.com

62

ong tac I
1. Cup ien ( neu c )
:
- ha cau dao
- g cau ch

www.duyennghi.com

63

ong tac II
1. An toan a nan nhan ra khoi dong ien ,
dung van , go , cay kho cach ien

www.duyennghi.com

64

ong tac III

1. X tr ngng tim , ngng th

NH CAP CU NGNG
TIM - NGNG TH A
NEU TREN
www.duyennghi.com

65

www.duyennghi.com

66

www.duyennghi.com

67