Sr. No.

Question

Research aptitute referes to-

Research basically is-

Which one of the following is not representing the characteristics of

research?

The Scientific Method is used in-

Research approaches are-

The basis of the formulation of Hypothesis is-

The best defined hypothesis as-

Suppose the population is quite comprehensive and distributed in a

large geographical area. In such a situation what kind of sampling
procedure would you like to prefer?

The basic purpose of Descriptive research is-

10

The fundamental assumption of experimental method is related with-

11

The type of data that does not share any properrty of ordinary
arithmatic is:

12

Tha data on which all arithmatic operations can be perfomred , is:

13

Summated scales are also called:

14

Semantic differential scale is a type of:

15

Multi-dimensional scaling is a type of:

16

The data collected from the Internet is called:

17

Studying the buying behaviour of people by observing them is an

example of:

18

Studying the work group is the example of which method?

19

_____refer to interviews in which the researcher takes the interview

of a group of respondents at a time.

20

Questionnaire is a ______the form of interview method.

21

A methodological plan to obtain sample from the complete population

is called:

22

The type of sampling in which the entire universe is divided into

groups and some groups are randomly selected in the sample is
called:

23

Judgement Sampling is a type of :

24

If an error occurs because of improper division of sampling units; this

is a type of:

25

A sampling type in which each element of population has an equal

chance od selection in the sample is called:

26

The type of hypothesis, which says that there is relation between the
variables is called ______

27

The type of error occurred due to rejecting H0 when it is true is

called_____

28

The type of error denoted by is called _________

29

______refers to the hypothesis that checks the direction of

relationship between two varibales.

30

The type of hypothesis that is assumed to be true is _________

31

z test is an example of _____test of hypothesis

32

ANOVA is an example of ______test of hypothesis

33

The test used to study the relationship between the sampl and
population is called _______

34

The type of tests used to study the differences between the variances
of two samples:

35

The type of tests used to study difference between means in large

sample size:

36

The test applied on a single sample taken from a symmetrical

population is known as:

37

_____is used to find out which sample is more appropriate for solving
the problem under concern.

38

______is a non-parametric test that is used to study more than two

samples.

39

The stage of writing in which the resaercher starts writing a report:

40

The stage of writing in which the researcher makes a structure of the

report:

41

Which one of the following is not a purpose of writing a report?

42

The type of audience that needs only one or two page report
consisting of major fidnings of the research:

43

_____refers to the part that contains the detailed background of the

topic under study.

44

________contains the sources of secondary data while appendices

contain the sources of primary data or some extra information about
the topic.

45

_______refers to categorizing the coded questions in different

segments as per their relevance.

46
47

In which of the following, we calculate the mean value.

In which of the following, we calculate the scattering of values from
the mean.

48
49

Which of the following explains the cause and effect relationship

between variables in a data series?
Correlation provides information about the _____

50
Multiple correlation provides information about the ______
51

Research that is done to expand the knowledge of the researcher is

called -

52

Motivation research is a type of -

53

The research that describes the fact without providing any reason
behind it is called

54

Research that continues for multiple time periods is called

55

A method to gain knowledge by experience of observation is called

Causal research is used to ________.

56

57
58
59
60

Every research proposal regardless of length should include research

question and -------An offer to produce a research report or render a service to the
potential buyer or sponsor is called as
Which of the following is not the component of research problem
___________ refers to chances of conducting a successful
research .

61

A topic on which research study is conducted is known as

62

The part of design that deals with the method of selecting items for
research study is called as -

63

____________refers to the variable ,which causes a change in the

dependent variable.

65

The type of hypothesis ,which says that there is a relation between

the variables is known asThis error refers to as -beta

66

The type of error denoted by alpha is refered as -

67

Which of the following is not for collcting secondary data

68

In which method enumerators are used

64

69
70
71
72

______ data refers to the data that is collected by the researcher for
a particular research
Questions not having predefined or fixed responses in a
questionnaire are called
Questions having predefined or fixed responses in a questionnaire
are called
Which of the following is not a type of measurement scales?

73

The type of rating scale in which different items are shown on a

number line is -

74

The type of rating scale in which different items are shown in the form
of ordered statements

75

The type of data to which only eaualities can be set up is -

76

_________is a branch of measurement that tries to measure

immeasurable qualitative phenomenon with accuracy

77

Summated rating scale is also called as -

78

With reference to sampling ,population refers to:

79

Convenience sampling is a type of

80

Sample is the _____________ of population.

81

Snowball sampling is also known as -

82

The sampling type in which between 1st and nth elements,every pth
element is selected to collect the sample ,is called

83

84

A research _____________________ is a predictive statement,

which can be tested scientifically and relates an independent variable
to some dependent variable.
________________________ is the conceptual structure within
which research is conducted; it constitutes the blueprint for the
collection, measurement and analysis of data.

85

______________ is an endeavor to discover intellectual and

practical answers to problems through the application of scientific
methods to the knowable universe.

86

Researchers use both open-ended and closed-ended questions to

collect data. Which of the following statements is true?

87
88

89

The method of convenience sampling is also called the

___________
methods can be classified as Probability and non-probability
sampling.
Questionnaire, observation, survey are methods of
_________________ data collection.

91

Library, journals, magazines, newspapers, govt. publications are

sources of ________________ .
Which of these is not a method of data selection

92

In Data analysis ,editing is used for-

93

Grouping of data is termed as -

94

Which type of correlation coefficient is used for Qualitative data?

90

95

Consistancy /Variability of a product can be calculated by-

96

The type of test used to study small samples is called as -

97

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is a -

98

The type of tests used to study proportion is referred as-

99

__________ is the study of one attribute /factor in different samples

under study.

100

Which of the following test is used to find out whether the two
attributes are associated with each other or not?

101

____________ refers to the page that contains the list of topics

covered in the report.
The main concept behind doing research is to

102
In order to begin research, one must
103
Doing research requires drafting a working outline, which is
104
Research objectives falls into a number of categories that include
105

Formulative research studies is a category of research that aims to

106
Diagnostic research studies is a category of research that aims to
107

Descriptive research studies is a category of research that aims to

108
Research is considered to be more than just a way of skills, it is
109

Research aims for finding answers to questions it implies

110
Research philosophies refers to
111
In order to make the research reliable, it requires that
112

In order to make the research unbiased, it requires that

113

The main difference between research and non-research is

114

Biased research refers to

115

Descriptive research is the type of research that

116

Analytical research is the type of research that

117

Applied research is the type of research that

118

Fundamental research is the type of research that

119

Research can be classified from three perspectives

120
121

The research process have certain characteristics. One of the

statements below are not part of these characteristics:
A good qualitative problem statement:

122

A qualitative research question:

123

124

According to the text, which of the following orders is the

recommended in the flowchart of the development of a research
idea?

A review of the literature prior to formulating research questions

allows the researcher to do which of the following?
125

What kind of ideas cant be empirically researched?

126

Research hypotheses are

127
Hypotheses in qualitative research studies usually
128
129

A representative sample is used so that the results of a study are:

A sample can be defined as a:

130

131

The type of sampling approach where each person in the sampling

frame has an equal chance of being selected is best described as:
Random sampling is used to ensure that:

132
133
134
135

136

The population from which the study sample is selected is called the:
Which one of the following types of samples is least representative of
the population?
A random sample is expected to approximate a normal distribution
because:
You are approached by a person in the street who asks you to
participate in a study on life insurance by answering a number of
questions. The method of sampling which has been used to select
you is:
Random assignment is the:

137
Purposive samples contain participants who:
138

139
140

To calculate the required sample size for a quantitative study the

researcher needs to consider:
A larger sample size is required when:

141
142
143
144
145
146
147

Data in the Population Census Report is:

Which one is the not measure of dispersion.
When data are collected in a statistical study for only a portion or
subset of all elements of interest we are using:
Which of the following is not based on all the observations?
Which one of the following measurement does not divide a set of
observations into equal parts?
Correlation Coefficient values lies between
In correlation both variables are always
The correlation coefficient r is independent of

148
149
150
151

Non Probability form of sampling is

The difference between statistic and parameter is called
The list of all units in a population is called

Option 1
The potential or
capacities to carried
out research

Option 2
Option 3
The latent to be used in The cultivation of
a scientific way for
research skills in new
desired purpose
comers

A point of view

An attitude of inquiry

Hypothesis-oriented

Employing reliable
tools and techniques

Scientific researches

Social science
researches

A step-wise-step
exploration

Follow scientific
method
Both of the above

Longitudinal and crossOblique and horizontal Long and short section

sectional
Observation

Reflection

Deduction

It is a thoughtful
statement

it is a forward thinking

It is an expected
happening

Multi Level sampling

Systematic sampling

Cluster sampling

To identify present
To study immediate
conditions and point to status and of a
present needs
phenomenon

Facts finding
researches

Law of single variable

Law of two variable

Controlled conditions

Nominal data

Ordinal Data

Interval Data

Nominal Data

Ordinal Data

Interval Data

Likert Scale

Cumulative Scale

Factor Scale

Factor Scale

Likert Scale

Cumulative scale

Factor Scale

Likert Scale

Cumulative scale

Primary data

Ordinal Data

Ratio Data

Obeservation Method

Interview Method

Socio-Metric method

Obeservation Method

Interview Method

Questionnaire Method

Group interviews

Strctured Interviews

Unstrctured interviews

Small

Summarized

Better

Research design

Sampling design

Sampling frame

Quota Sampling

Group Sampling

Cluster sampling

Probability Sampling

Non-Probability
Sampling

Restricted Sampling

Sampling error

Non-sampling error

Enumeration error

Simple Random
Sampling

Complex Random
Sampling

Stratified Sampling

Deductive Hypothesis

Inductive Hypothesis

Alternative Hypothesis

Type I error

Type II error

Type III error

Type I error

Type II error

Type III error

Deductive Hypothesis

Inductive Hypothesis

Directional Hypothesis

Deductive Hypothesis

Inductive Hypothesis

Directional Hypothesis

Parametric Test

Non-parametric test

t test

Parametric Test

Non-parametric test

t test

One-sample test

Two-sample test

Three sample test

t test

paired t test

F test

t test

z test

F test

One sample sign test

Two sample sign test

Three sample sign test

Chi-square test of
goodness of fit

One Way ANOVA

ANOVA

Chi-square test of
independence

Mann-Whitney test

ANOVA

Final Draft

Final Outline

Rough Draft

Final Draft

Final Outline

Rough Draft

Providing Information

Generating Idea

Finding Solutions

Mathematicians

Chemists

Business Firms

Information

Solution

Problem

Appendices

Table of content

Bibliography

classification

Editing

Tabulation

Measures of central
tendency
Measures of central
tendency

Measures of dispersion Measures of skewness

Measures of dispersion Measures of skewness

Causal analysis
Mean value

Partial correlation
Peakedness of the
curve

Mean value

Peakedness of the
curve

Multiple correlation
Scattering of values
from the mean
Association between
more than two
variables

Action research

Basic research

conceptual resaearch

Basic research

Conceptual research

Quantitative research

Descriptive research

Dignostic research

Exploratory research

Simulation research

Longitudinal research

one-time research

Historical research

Empirical Research

Dignostic research

find information at the

outset in an
unstructured way

quantify observations
that produce insights
unobtainable through
other forms of research

gather preliminary
information that will
help define problems

Research methodology

Scaling methods

survey

Hypothesis

Sampling

Research Proposal

Individual

Objectives

Researcher's interest

Feasibility

Significance

Practical Value

Hypothesis

Research Problem

cost

Sampling design

Observational design

Statistical design

Dependent variable

Extraneous variables

Independent variable

Deductive hypothesis

Inductive hypothesis

Alternative hypothesis

Type I error

Type II error

Type III error

Type I error

Type II error

Type III error

Internet

books

magzine

Observation

Interview

Questionnaire

Secondary

Sampling

Primary

Open ended questions close ended questions Dichotomous questions

Open ended questions close ended questions Dichotomous questions
Nominal scale

Ordinal Scale

Ratio Scale

Graphic rating scale

Number rating scale

Itemized rating scale

Graphic rating scale

Number rating scale

Itemized rating scale

Nominal data

Ratio data

Interval data

Scaling

Sampling

correlation

Likert Scale

Event sampling

Ranking scale

Total no. of residents in Total population in the

a country
world

Total number of
elements available for
a study

Probability sampling

Non-Probibility
sampling

Purposive sampling

Superset

Subset

Union

Referral sampling

Probability sampling

Restricted sampling

Convenience sampling

Judgement Sampling

Snowball sampling

Statement

Hypothesis

Question

Hypothesis

sampling

Research Design

Writing

Sampling

Research

Open-ended questions
directly provide
Closed-ended
. Open-ended
quantitative data based
questions provide
questions provide
on the researchers
quantitative data in the qualitative data in the
Pre determined
participants own words participants own words
response categories

Strata

chunk

probability

Research

Scaling methods

Sampling

Secondary

Primary

tertiary

sampling

Secondary

Primary

Questionnaire

Interviews

Experiments

Grouping data

entering data

tabulation

Editing

Coding

Classification

Karl Pearson's
correlation coefficient

Spearman's Rank
correlation coefficient

Alternative hypothesis

Rank correlation
coefficient

Mean

Dispersion

t test

z test

F test

Parametric test

Non-Parametric test

Sampling method

t test

z test

F test

Singled rank test

One way ANOVA

ANOVA

ANOVA

Chi square Test

2-Way ANOVA

Table of content

Executive summary

Title pages

study and explore

knowledge.
start with a number of
clear goals.

start with a predefined

and clear-cut
objectives.
start with a number of
predefined objectives.

get get new ideas.

have a well defined

research method.

having a predefined
and clear-cut
objective(s).

planning to get
having a clear idea
answers for what, why about the research
& where type of
problem solution.
questions.

planning to get
answers for what, why
& where type of
questions.

considering the logic

formulative, concept,
behind the methods we and planning for
use in the context of
research methods.
the research.

achieve new insights of analyze characteristics determine the

a concept.
of something.
frequency with which
something occurs.
achieve new insights of analyze characteristics determine the
a concept.
of something.
frequency with which
something occurs.

achieve new insights of analyze characteristics determine the

a concept.
of something.
frequency with which
something occurs.
planning to what, why a way of critical
the research methods
and where type of
thinking about
used within the
questions to determine professional aspects of research methodology.
a goal.
related to your work.
a framework of
philosophies.
approaches and the
discipline.

using valid and reliable an unbiased design.

methods and
techniques.
correct procedures in ideas to discover.
the discipline.

there is no deliberate
attempt to either to
conceal or highlight
something.

quantitative and
repeatability and
qualitative methods are accuracy are provided
to be used.
for the quality of
measurement
procedures used.

there is no deliberate
attempt to either to
conceal or highlight
something.

quantitative and
repeatability and
qualitative methods are accuracy are provided
to be used.
for the quality of
measurement
procedures used.

the type of skills we

use to discover
something.

the utilization of of
the quantitative and
acceptable scientific
qualitative methods
methodology to solve that are to be used.
problems to create new
knowledge.

drawing conclusions by no deliberate attempt

introducing ones own to either conceal or
vested interest.
highlight something.

repeatability and
accuracy are provided
for the quality of
measurement
procedures used.

is made for performing is intended for finding

the basic or pure
some solution to the
research; its a
problem considered.
theoretical research.

includes fact-finding
enquires and surveys.

is made for performing is intended for finding

the basic or pure
some solution to the
research; its a
problem considered.
theoretical research.

includes fact-finding
enquires and surveys.

is made for performing is intended for finding

the basic or pure
some solution to the
research; its a
problem considered.
theoretical research.

includes fact-finding
enquires and surveys.

is made for performing is intended for finding

the basic or pure
some solution to the
research; its a
problem considered.
theoretical research.

includes fact-finding
enquires and surveys.

philosophies, validity
and unbiased.

controlled, systematic
and empirical.

rigorous, valid and

critical.

controlled &
systematic.
Defines the
independent and
dependent variables

quantitative &
qualitative.
Conveys a sense of
emerging design

critical & empirical.

Specifies a research
hypothesis to be tested

Asks a question about Is generally an opensome process, or

ended question
phenomenon to be
explored

both a and b are

correct

Research topic,
research problem,
research purpose,
research question,
hypothesis

Research topic,
research purpose,
research problem,
research question,
hypothesis

Research topic,
research problem,
research purpose,
research question,
hypothesis

To become familiar with

prior research on the
phenomenon of
interest

To identify potential
methodological
problems in the
research area

To develop a list of
pertinent problems
relative to the
phenomenon of
interest

Effectiveness of
different methods of
instruction

Description of
educational practices

Issues of values and

morality such as the
correctness of having
prayer in schools

Formulated prior to a
review of the literature

Statements of
Stated such that they
predicted relationships can be confirmed or
between variables
refuted

Are very specific and

stated prior to
beginning the study

Are often generated as Are never used

the data are collected,
interpreted, and
analyzed

Reliable
Population of interest
to a researcher

Generalisable
Quota from within the
whole population

Convenient
Subset of a population
representative of the
population of interest to
the researcher

Systematic sampling

Stratified random
sampling

Simple random
sampling

Only those persons

available are included
in the study
Accessible population

The research design is

adequate for the
specific study
Target population

The size of the sample

is appropriate for the
study
Total population

Stratified random
sample
A small sample size is
not an issue

Convenience sample

Quota sample

There are equal

numbers of below and
above average cases
Convenience sample

The sample will contain

mainly average cases

Stratified random
sample

Random sampling

Selection of subjects
Selection of a subset of
into the sampling frame subjects using random
numbers
Meet the criteria of
Meet specific purposes
being available to the or criteria related to the
researcher
aims of the study

Allocation of subjects
into a specific
intervention group
Are in the study field
when something
unexpected occurs
during data collection

Maximum effect size

Level of significance

Measurement error

The population of
interest for a study is
less diverse

A low level of precision The population of

is required
interest is easily
recruited to the study

Grouped data
The Range
A sample

Ungrouped data
50th Percentile
A Parameter

Secondary data
Inter-Quartile Range
A Population

Arithmetic Mean
Quartiles

Geometric Mean
Standard Deviations

Harmonic Mean
Percentiles

-1 and +1
Random
Origin only

0 and 1
Non Random
Scale of Measurement
only

Random Sampling

-1 and 0
Same
Both change of origin
and scale of
measurement
Non Random Sampling Probability Sampling

Random Error
Random sampling

Sampling Error
Sampling frame

Standard Error
Bias

Option 4
The developing of
rationality in all
academic pursuits

Correct
Option
answer(1,2,3,4,5,6)
6
Question type
Time(in seconds)
Out of marks
1

Objective

60

All of the above

Objective

60

Leading towards
imaginary results

Objective

60

None of the above

Objective

60

None of the above

Objective

60

All of the above

Objective

60

It is a temporary
solution

Objective

60

None of the above

Objective

60

All of the above

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

Intermediary varibales
1
Ratio Data
1
Ratio Data
Differential Scale
Summated scale
Summated scale

4
1
1
1

Secondary Data

Schedule Method

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

1
Socio-Metric method

Telephonic Interviews
1
Written

Objective

60

Smapling Procedure

Objective

60

Systematic Sampling

Objective

60

Unrestricted Sampling

Objective

60

Census error

Objective

60

Convenience Sampling

Objective

60

Non-Directional Hypothesis

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

Type IV error
Type IV error

1
2

Non-Directional
Hypothesis

Objective

60

Null Hypothesis

Objective

60

Objective

60

F test

F test
More than three
sample test

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

Chi-sqaure test
3
Chi-sqaure test

Objective

60

More than three

sample sign test

Objective

60

Chi-square test of
independence

Objective

60

ANOCOVA

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

Introduction

Objective

60

Title pages

Objective

60

Coding

Objective

60

60

60

Review of the rough

draft
Review of the rough
draft
Deciding Research
Budget
Clinical
phychologists/social
pathologists

Measures of
relationship
Measures of
relationship

1
2

Objective
Objective

Regression
Association between
the variables
Scattering of values
around mean

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

Dignostic resaerch

Objective

60

Quanlitative research

Objective

60

Quanlitative research

Objective

60

Field research

Objective

60

Descriptive research

Objective

60

test hypotheses about

cause-and-effect
relationships

Objective

60

researcher

Objective

60

Analysis

Objective

60

Environment

Objective

60

Nature of guide

Objective

60

Objectives

Objective

60

Operational design

Objective

60

Blocking variables.

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

No error

Objective

60

telephones

Objective

60

Schedule method

Objective

60

Tertiary

Objective

60

Rank order questions

Objective

60

Rank order questions

Objective

60

Difference Scale

Objective

60

Panel scale

Objective

60

Panel scale

Objective

60

Ordinal data

Objective

60

Hypothesis

Objective

60

Interview Protocol

Objective

60

None of these

Objective

60

Judgement sampling

Objective

60

Intersection

Objective

60

Non-directional
hypothesis
No error

Stratified sampling

Objective

60

Systematic sampling

Objective

60

Report

Objective

60

Scaling

Objective

60

Management

Objective

60

Closed-ended
questions directly
provide qualitative data
in the participants own
words.

Objective

60

judgment

Objective

60

Hypothesis

Objective

60

sampling

Objective

60

tertiary

Objective

60

Observation

Objective

60

Extracting relavent data

Objective

60

Tabulation

Objective

60

Probability

Objective

60

Association of
attributes.

Objective

60

Chi square test

Objective

60

Scaling method

Objective

60

Chi square test

Objective

60

Chi square test

Objective

60

One way ANOVA

Objective

60

Analysis

Objective

60

define clear objectives.

3

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

test the relationship

between variables.

Objective

60

test the relationship

between variables.

Objective

60

solve the research

problem.
none of the above.

exploratory, descriptive,
diagnostic and
experimentation
research.

test the relationship

between variables.

Objective

60

discovering the
relationship between
variables.

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

all the above.

objectives to consider
in the research
process.
the solution to the
research problem is
known in advance.

the solution to the

research problem is
known in advance.

all the above.

each step of the

research is valid and
objective.

uses available
information as the base
to make the further
critical evaluation.

uses available
information as the base
to make the further
critical evaluation.
uses available
information as the base
to make the further
critical evaluation.
uses available
information as the base
to make the further
critical evaluation.
application, objectives
and inquiry mode used.
rigorous & valid.
Specifies the
relationship between
variables that the
researcher expects to
find

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

None of the above

Research topic,
hypothesis, research
problem, research
question, research
purpose
All of the above

Factors helpful in
predicting future drug
use

b and c

Are always stated after

the research study has
been completed
Limited
Criterion used to define
eligibility for the
research study

Non-probability
sampling
The sample is
representative of the
study population
Universal population
Cluster sample
The goal is to
maximise the sampling
error
Network sampling

Allocation of subjects
into the accessible
group
Represent each group
within the accessible
sample
Population
homogeneity
A high level of
precision is required

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

Objective

60

Primary data
Variance
Both b and c

4
2

Objective
Objective

60
60

1
1

Objective

60

Mode
Percentiles

Objective

60

Objective

60

None of these
Negative
None of these

1
1

Objective
Objective

60
60

1
1

Objective

60

Objective

60

4
2

Objective
Objective

60
60

1
1

Quota Sampling
Error
Parameter

Explanation
Research aptitute referes to the potential or
capacities to carried out research
Research basically is A point of view, An
attitude of inquiry as well as A step-wise-step
exploration.
Research is Hypothesis oriented, Empoying
reliable tools and techniques as well as follow
scitific methods but it is not a lead towards
imaginary results
The Scientific Method is used in Scientific as
well as Social Science researches.
Research approaches are Longitudinal and
cross-sectional.
The basis of the formulation of Hypothesis is
Observation, Reflection and Deduction.
The best defined hypothesis as a thoughtful
statement
Cluster sampling involves grouping the
population & then selecting the groups or the
clusters rather than individual elements for
inclusion in the sample.
The basic purpose of Descriptive research are
identifying present conditions and point to
present needs, studying immediate status and
of a phenomenon and facts finding
researches.
The fundamental assumption of experimental
method is related with Law of single variable
The type of data that does not share any
properrty of ordinary arithmatic is Nominal
Data.
Tha data on which all arithmatic operations
can be perfomred , is Ratio Data
Summated scales are also called: Likert Scale
Semantic differential scale is a type of: Factor
Scale
Multi-dimensional scaling is a type of: Factor
Scale

The data collected from the Internet is called:

Secondary Data
Studying the buying behaviour of people by
observing them is an example of: Observation
Method
To Study the work group Socio-Metric method
is used.
Group Interviews refer to interviews in which
the researcher takes the interview of a group
of respondents at a time.
Questionnaire is a written form of interview
method.
A methodological plan to obtain sample from
the complete population is called: Sampling
design
The type of sampling in which the entire
universe is divided into groups and some
groups are randomly selected in the sample is
called: Cluster sampling
Judgement Sampling is a type of : NonProbability Sampling
If an error occurs because of improper division
of sampling units; this is a type of: Nonsampling error
A sampling type in which each element of
population has an equal chance od selection in
the sample is called: Simple Random
Sampling
The type of hypothesis, which says that there
is relation between the variables is called
Alternative Hypothesis
The type of error occurred due to rejecting H0
when it is true is called Type I error
The type of error denoted by is called Type II
error
Directional Hypothesis refers to the hypothesis
that checks the direction of relationship
between two varibales.
The type of hypothesis that is assumed to be
true isNull Hypothesis
z test is an example of Parametric test of
Parametric Test.

ANOVA is an example of Non-parametric test

of hypothesis.
The test used to study the relationship
between the sampl and population is called
One-sample test
The type of tests used to study the differences
between the variances of two samples: F test
The type of tests used to study difference
between means in large sample size: z test
The test applied on a single sample taken from
a symmetrical population is known as: One
sample sign test
Chi-square test of goodness of fit is used to
find out which sample is more appropriate for
solving the problem under concern.
ANOCOVA is a non-parametric test that is
used to study more than two samples.
The stage of writing in which the resaercher
starts writing a report: Rough Draft
The stage of writing in which the researcher
makes a structure of the report: Final Outline
Deciding Research Budget is not a purpose of
writing a report.
The type of audience that needs only one or
two page report consisting of major fidnings of
the research: Business Firms
Introduction refers to the part that contains the
detailed background of the topic under study.
Bibliography contains the sources of
secondary data while appendices contain the
sources of primary data or some extra
information about the topic.
Classification refers to categorizing the coded
questions in different segments as per their
relevance.
In Measures of central tendency , we calculate
the mean value.
In Measures of dispersion, we calculate the
scattering of values from the mean.

Causal analysis, explains the cause and effect

relationship between variables in a data series.
Correlation provides information about the
Association between the variables.
Multiple correlation provides information about
the Association between more than two
variables.
Fundamental or pure research has no
commercial value,no intention to create of
discover something new
Motivation can not be quantified directly hence
need to calculate indirectly.
Descriptive research aims to describe the
characteristics of a phenomenon,does not
assess or analyse it
This research needs to be repeated frequently
ex. Product improvements
In empirical research ,the researcher
invistigates an established theory on the basis
of pre-defined hypothesis,then draws
predictions.
causal research studies cause and effect
relationship.
Research methodology define the way in which
research will be carried out .
A Research proposal is an offer to render a
research service to a client.
Problem occurance and researcher's interest
does not match always.
Possibility of realistic implementation of
research is nothing but feasibility .
Research problem induce the whole process
of research to help making decisions.
Sampling takes homogeneous samples from
the universe or population for the study.Saves
time ,money and efforts

Independent variable affects change in the

dependent variable. Ex advertisement
expenditure usually increase sales.
Null hypothesis indicates no relation, alternate
hypothesis shows relation exists.
Ho false but accepted is beta error.
Ho true but rejected hypothesis is called alpha
error
Telephonic data gathering is a type of primary
data collection method.
Schedule requires skilled staff to fill in the
questionnaire.( ex.census/Population)
Primary data is collected directly from the
respondents.
Open ended questions does not have any
options given to the respondents.
Closed ended questions can be Yes
,no,options are given
Difference scale is not part of scales.
Graphic rating scale refers to the scale in
which various ratings are shown along the line
and a continuous scale is formed.ex.
Excellent,V.good,good,neutral,dislike
In itemized rating scales items are shown in
the form of ordered statements. Ex. He
alwaysgo for morning
walk,often,sometimes,does not go, never.
Ordinal scale only refer to greater than or
lesser than but does not answer how much
greater or less.
Scaling helps for measuring abstract concepts
Likert scale usually there are five degrees of
statements are used .(Item analysis approach)
An universe or population refers to toal
elements /people targeted for the study.
judgement of researcher decide whom to take
as samples.
sample represents the population as it is
homogeneous.

Snowball sampling refers to a non-probability

sampling in which snowball effect occures as
referrals increase.
Systemeatic sampling follwos a formula Ex.
Samples roll no 5,10,15,20 .. And so on
A prediction by the researcher before start of a
research is called a Hypotheis( Assumption)
Research design is the plan for research
Research helps for decision making towards a
specific problem.

respondents own words /feeling can be

obtained by open ended questions.

Convinience sampling is also called as chunk.

sampling can be classified as Probability and
non-Probability sampling.
These are primary data collection methods
collected by the researcher from respondents.
These are secondary data collection sources
picked up by the researcher
Experiment is not a data collection method.
Editing refers to reviewing the collcted material
to check whether it is relevent or not.
Classification is to categorize the coded
questions into different segments as per their
relevance.
Rank correlation calculates degree of
relationship between two variables by ranking
method.

Measure of dispersion help to find out

consistancy of performance ,when means are
equal.
t test is uesd to study mean of samples. This is
used when sample size is less than 30.
ANOVA test is a non-parametric test where the
researcher does not make assumptions @ the
parametersof the population from which
sample is derived.
Z test refers to to the test that is used to study
mean and proportion of samples having a
sample size more than 30.
One way ANOVA determines whether all the
samples have the same type of variations or
not.
Two attributes ( qualitative) can be tested for
association with the help of chi square test.
Index/Table of content gives various topics
covered in the report.

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