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Light of frequency f is incident on a metal surface. The work function of the metal is . Which
of the following is the maximum kinetic energy of the electrons emitted from the
surface?
A.
hf
B.
h
( f )
e
C.
hf
D.
h
( f )
e
(Total 1 mark)
2.
h
A.
2m eVe
2m e h
B.
V2
h
C.
2m e V 2 e 2
D.
V2
2m e h
(Total 1 mark)
IB Questionbank Physics
3.
Which of the following is an assumption of the Schrdinger model of the hydrogen atom?
A.
B.
The position of the electron is undefined but its momentum is well defined.
C.
The momentum of the electron is undefined but its position is well defined.
D.
4.
an atom.
B.
an ion.
C.
an isotope.
D.
a molecule.
(Total 1 mark)
5.
40
Z Ar
Which of the following correctly identifies the proton number of argon-40 and the
particle X?
Z
A.
18
B.
18
C.
19
D.
19
(Total 1 mark)
IB Questionbank Physics
6.
10 eV.
B.
20 eV.
C.
10 keV.
D.
20 keV.
(Total 1 mark)
7.
B.
C.
D.
8.
A radioactive isotope has a half-life of two minutes. A sample contains sixteen grams of
the isotope. How much time elapses until one gram of the isotope remains?
A.
6 minutes
B.
8 minutes
C.
10 minutes
D.
12 minutes
(Total 1 mark)
IB Questionbank Physics
9.
Which of the following decay sequences would result in the daughter nucleus having
the same proton number as the parent nucleus?
A.
B.
C.
D.
(Total 1 mark)
10.
12
The difference between the mass of a 6 C nucleus and the sum of the masses of the
individual nucleons is 0.1 u. Which of the following is approximately the binding energy
of the nucleus?
A.
90 MeV
B.
90 MeV c
C.
8 MeV
D.
8 MeV c
(Total 1 mark)
11.
The process by which a heavy nucleus splits into two lighter nuclei is known as
A.
fission.
B.
fusion.
C.
radioactive decay.
D.
IB Questionbank Physics
12.
A nucleus of radium-91 (
of radon (Rn).
(i)
226
91 Ra
Identify the proton number and nucleon number of the nucleus of Rn.
Proton
number: .................................................................................................
Nucleon
number: ..............................................................................................
(2)
(ii)
The half-life of radium-91 is 1600 years. Determine the length of time taken
for 87.5 % of the radium to disintegrate.
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(2)
(b)
Immediately after the decay of a stationary radium nucleus, the alpha particle and
the radon nucleus move off in opposite directions and at different speeds.
.................................................................................................................................
.....
(3)
IB Questionbank Physics
(c)
Outline why a beta particle has a longer range in air than an alpha particle of the
same energy.
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(3)
(Total 10 marks)
13.
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(b)
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(3)
(c)
Show that the de Broglie wavelength of electrons accelerated from rest through a
10
potential difference of 150 V is 1.0 10 m.
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(3)
(Total 8 marks)
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14.
15.
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(ii)
Explain how the existence of the neutrino accounts for the continuous
nature of the positron energy spectrum.
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(2)
(b)
(ii)
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10
(iii)
16.
(ii)
(b)
Comment, with reference to the mass of the exchange particles, on the range of
the weak and electromagnetic interactions.
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11
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(2)
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12
(c)
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(1)
(d)
(e)
Explain how the Heisenberg uncertainty principle for energy and time applies to
the interaction in (c).
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(2)
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13
(f)
The uncertainty in the time for the electromagnetic interaction between two
16
electrons is 1.6 10 s. Determine the uncertainty in the energy of the virtual
photon.
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(2)
(Total 10 marks)
17.
A nucleus of radium-91 (
of radon (Rn).
226
91 Ra
Identify the proton number and nucleon number of the nucleus of Rn.
Proton
number: ..........................................................................................................
..
Nucleon
number: .........................................................................................................
(2)
(b)
Immediately after the decay of a stationary radium nucleus, the alpha particle and
the radon nucleus move off in opposite directions and at different speeds.
IB Questionbank Physics
14
(i)
(ii)
(c)
The initial kinetic energy of the alpha particle is 4.9 MeV. As the alpha particle
passes through air, it loses all its kinetic energy by causing the ionization of 1.7
5
10 air molecules.
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15
(i)
IB Questionbank Physics
16
(ii)
(d)
Outline why a beta particle has a longer range in air than an alpha particle of the
same energy.
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(3)
(Total 14 marks)
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17
18.
(i)
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18
(ii)
Use your answer in (a)(i) and the energy level diagram to explain the
reduction in intensity of the emergent beam.
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(4)
(b)
Outline how the Schrdinger model of the hydrogen atom leads to the idea of discrete
electron energy states.
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19
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(4)
(Total 10 marks)
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20
19.
(b)
206
Z Pb
Z: .............................................................................................................................
....
x: .............................................................................................................................
....
(2)
(c)
The mass of a Tl-206 nucleus is 191 870 MeV c . Determine the binding energy
per nucleon of Tl-206.
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(4)
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21
IB Questionbank Physics
22
(d)
State why the binding energy of Pb-206 is greater than that of Tl-206.
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(1)
(Total 9 marks)
20.
In the photoelectric effect, electrons are emitted from a metal surface almost
immediately after light is incident on the surface, i.e. without any time delay.
Explain this observation with reference to Einsteins theory of the photoelectric
effect.
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(2)
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23
(b)
The graph shows the variation with incident light frequency f of the maximum
kinetic energy EK of the emitted electrons.
(ii)
calculate the maximum speed of the emitted electrons for incident light of
15
frequency 5.0 10 Hz.
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(3)
(Total 6 marks)
IB Questionbank Physics
24
IB Questionbank Physics
25
21.
(b)
h2n2
2
En = 8mL
For L = 1.0 10
(i)
10
calculate that the smallest difference between the allowed energies of the
18
electron is 5.8 10 J.
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...
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...
(2)
(ii)
18
J.
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...
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...
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...
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...
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........................................................................................................................
...
(3)
IB Questionbank Physics
27
(c)
22.
(ii)
Estimate the number of nuclei that will decay in the first second.
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...
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...
(1)
IB Questionbank Physics
28
(b)
The graph shows the variation with time t of the activity A of a sample containing
radioactive material that consists of two different isotopes. Each isotope decays
into a stable daughter isotope.
(i)
Use the graph to explain how it may be deduced that the sample contains
more than one isotope.
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(2)
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29
(ii)
One of the isotopes in the sample has a half-life that is shorter than 0.20 s.
Use the graph to estimate the half-life of the other isotope. Explain your
working.
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(2)
(Total 6 marks)
23.
(b)
40Z Ar x
Z: .............................................................................................................................
....
x: .............................................................................................................................
....
(2)
IB Questionbank Physics
30
(c)
The mass of a K-40 nucleus is 37 216 MeV c . Determine the binding energy per
nucleon of K-40.
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(4)
(d)
State why the binding energy of Ar-40 is greater than that of K-40.
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(1)
(Total 9 marks)
IB Questionbank Physics
31
24.
The alpha particles produced in alpha decay have discrete energies. Suggest
how this observation provides evidence for the existence of nuclear energy
levels.
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(2)
(b)
(c)
A freshly prepared sample of fluorine-18 has an activity of 1.12 MBq. Its activity
four hours later is 0.246 MBq.
(i)
IB Questionbank Physics
32
........................................................................................................................
...
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...
(3)
IB Questionbank Physics
33
(ii)
(d)
The energy of a beta particle in the decay of the sample in (c) is 8.4 10
12
Show that the de Broglie wavelength of this particle is 5.3 10 m.
15
J.
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(2)
(Total 11 marks)
25.
A
[1]
26.
A
[1]
27.
D
[1]
28.
B
[1]
29.
B
[1]
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IB Questionbank Physics
35
30.
D
[1]
31.
C
[1]
32.
B
[1]
33.
C
[1]
34.
A
[1]
35.
A
[1]
36.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
(c)
12.5% remains;
3 half lives 4800 years;
momentum conserved;
so different speeds as different masses;
opposite directions because momentum zero initially;
beta have smaller mass / smaller / have greater speed than alpha;
beta have smaller charge than alpha;
therefore less likely to interact with air molecules;
3
[10]
IB Questionbank Physics
36
37.
(a)
(b)
(c)
p2
h2
2
EK = eV = 2m 2m ;
h
=
2meV ;
6.6 10 34
31
19
= 2 9.1 10 1.6 10 150 ;
10
= 1.0 10 m
3
[8]
38.
13
= 8.0 10
13
J;
9.0 10 9 2 79 [1.6 10 19 ] 2
13
8
.
0
10
= 4.6 1014 m;
d
Accept answers that combine any of the above steps.
4
[4]
IB Questionbank Physics
37
39.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
(i)
ln 2 ln 2
T1
2.6
(ii)
= 0.27 yr
(iii)
A = A0e ;
or 8.5 10
s ;
0.278.0
= 6.2 10 e
8
= 7.2 10 Bq;
;
3
[8]
40.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(i)
W /W /Z (boson);
Do not insist on superscripts.
(ii)
photon / ;
IB Questionbank Physics
38
(e)
(f)
h
Et 4 with symbols defined;
virtual photon can exist, temporarily breaching energy
conservation, for a time that depends on its energy;
h
E = 4 t ;
6.6 10 34
4 1.6 10 16
= 3.3 1019 J;
[10]
41.
(a)
(b)
(i)
(i)
(ii)
momentum conserved;
so different speeds as different masses;
opposite directions because momentum zero initially;
1
1
2
2
k.e. k.e.Rn = 2 mv 2 mRnvRn / sensible ratio formed;
2
(i)
4.9 10 6 1.6 10 19
1.7 10 5
(ii)
4.6 10
(d)
18
J;
beta have smaller mass / smaller / have greater speed than alpha;
beta have smaller charge than alpha;
therefore less likely to interact with air molecules;
3
[14]
IB Questionbank Physics
39
6.6 10 34 3 10 8
42.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
7
19
eV = 4.9 10 1.6 10
energy = 2.5 eV;
4
[10]
43.
(a)
(b)
0
x: neutrino/ v / 0 v /antineutrino/ v / 0 v ;
+
Please note: that decay is not in the SL core, only so accept
(c)
(d)
1
[9]
44.
(a)
IB Questionbank Physics
40
(b)
(i)
(ii)
19
(by extrapolating the line) = 1.6 10 J;
(accept answers in the range of 1.5 to 1.8)
19
2 1.7 10 19
9.11 10 31 ;
and so v =
1
5
v = 6.1 10 m s ;
3
[6]
45.
(a)
(b)
energy that takes certain values and not others / energy values
that are not continuous / energies that give rise to a discreet/
line spectrum / transition energies are discreet / OWTTE;
(i)
6.63 10 34 2 2 12
2
31
10
Emin = 8 9.11 10 1.0 10
;
18
Emin = 5.8 10 J
The formula has been quoted on the paper. However,
accept the use of the formula quoted in the booklet,
17
correctly not including , leading to a Emin of 1.8 10 J.
(ii)
hc
= 5.8 1018 J;
6.63 10 34 3.0 10 8
5.8 10 18
hence
8
= 3.4 10 m;
17
8
Use of 1.8 10 J leads to a of 1.1 10 m.
(c)
no it cannot;
because the box spectrum has spectral lines crowding in the
infrared rather than in the ultraviolet as in the real H spectrum;
Accept any other plausible explanation e.g. the box model
does not take into account any electrical potential energy
or the hydrogen atom is not one-dimensional or the
hydrogen atom is not a box etc.
Award [0] for a bald no and/or a no with an incorrect explanation.
2
[8]
IB Questionbank Physics
41
46.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
or
12
0.048
10
(i)
(ii)
2
[6]
47.
(a)
(b)
x: neutrino/ v/ 0 v ;
(c)
2
2
IB Questionbank Physics
42
(d)
1
[9]
48.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(i)
(ii)
4.00
0.246 = 1.12e
;
4.00 = ln 0.2196(*);
1.516
= 4.00 (*);
(*) (evidence of algebraic manipulation)
1
= 0.379 hr
Note: there are [2] marks for clearly showing their working
1.83 hr;
h
(d)
2mE ;
6.6 10 34
31
15
= 2 9.1 10 8.4 10
;
12
= 5.3 10 m
Accept solution based on finding momentum from the speed.
2
[11]
IB Questionbank Physics
43