Design of 10m Span RCC Slab Culvert

Construction of 10.
00mts span culvert on Nathalova Drain at Saripalli

Name of the work:-
n of 10.00mts span culvert on Nathalova Drain at Saripalli
e work:-
Design Philosophy:-
The design of 1V-- 10.37m right span culvert is carried as per the procedure out lined
below:Step1:The design discharge was fixed after arriving discharge based on the following methods:a.As per the hydraulic particulars furnished by the Irrigation department
b.By Area-Velocity method using Manning's equation for arriving at the flow velocity
and area by considering actual cross-section of the channel.
Step2:a.Hydraulic particulars like HFL,OFL are obtained from Irrigation department.
b.Bottom of deck level was fixed based on HFL and road formation levels on both sides.
The vertical clearence and afflux are verified.
c.Ventway calculations are done for fixation of ventway.
d.Normal scour depth with reference to HFL was calculated using Lacey's equations
e.After arriving at the Maximum scour depth,bottom level of the foundation was fixed
below the maximum scour depth
Step3:After arriving at bottom of deck level,bottom of foundation level and required
ventway,the dimensions of the bridge are finalised.
The structural components are desined in the following manner:a.As per the recommendations of IRC 6:2000,IRC class A live load required for bridges
and culverts of medium importance is selected.
b.Load combination is selected as per IRC 6:2000
c.Based on the trial pit particulars and soil test reports,type of foundation was selected.
d.The structural components like Abutment,raft foundation are
designed as per the guide lines given in relevent IRC codes.
e.The deck slab is proposed as per the MOST drawing Nos.BD 3-74&BD 4-74
f.The dirt wall is proposed as per the drawings given in Plate No.7.25 of
IRC:SP20-2002(Rural roads manual)
Design of Abutments
I)Design Parameters:Clear Right Span
10.00m
Deck slab length
10.740m
Width of the carriage way
5.50m
Thickness of deck slab as per MOST Dg.BD 3-74
0.790m
Thickness of wearing coat
0.075m
Height of railing
1.200m
Thickness of dirt wall
0.30m
Sectional area of dirt wall
0.440sqm
Thickness of RAFT footing
0.70m
Height of abutments
2.700m
Top width of abutments
0.690m
Bottom width of abutments
2.20m
Sectional area of abutment section
3.902sqm
Bank side batter of abutment
1.510m
Stream side batter of abutment
0.000m
Width of 1st footing
2.50m
Thickness of 1st footing
0.30m
Canal side offset of 1st footing wrt abutment
0.15m
Bank side offset of 1st footing wrt abutment
0.15m
Width of 2nd footing
2.65m
Thickness of 2nd footing
0.30m
Canal side offset of 2nd footing wrt abutment
0.30m
Bank side offset of 2nd footing wrt abutment
0.15m
Width of 3rd footing
0.00m
Thickness of 3rd footing
0.00m
Canal side offset of 3rd footing wrt abutment
0.00m
Bank side offset of 3rd footing wrt abutment
0.00m
Width of VRCC RAFT footing
6.85m
Thickness of VRCC RAFT footing
0.70m
Type of bearings
Unit weight of RCC (yrc)
25KN/cum
Unit weight of PCC (ypc)
24KN/cum
Density of back fill soil behind abutments (y)
18KN/Cum
Unit weight of water (yw)
10KN/Cum
(As per hydralic calculations)
No bearings proposed
Angle of shearing resistance of back fill material(Q)
30
Angle of face of wall supporting earth with horizontal(In

degrees)(in clock wise direction)(a)
60.81
Slope of back fill (b)
Angle of wall friction (q)
15
Height of surcharge considered (h3)
1.20m
Road crest level (RTL)
3.665m
Low bed level (LBL)
0.250m
High flood Level (HFL)

Bottom of foundation level (BFL)
Safe Bearing Capacity of the soil (SBC)
=
=
=
2.200m
-1.500m
8.00t/sqm
Compressive strength of concrete for RCC Raft footing

(fck)
25.00N/sqmm
Yield strength of steel (fy)
415.00N/sqmm
Cover to reinforcement
50.00mm
II)General loading pattern:As per IRC:6---2000,the following loadings are to be considered on the bridge or slab
culvert:1.Dead load
2.Live load
3.Impact load
4.Wind load
5.Water current
6.Tractive,braking effort of vehicles&frictional resistance of bearings
7.Buoyancy
8.Earth pressure
9.Seismic force
10.Water pressure force
As per clause 202.3,the increase in permissible stresses is not permissible for the
above loading combination.
III)Loading on the slab culvert for design of abutments:1.Dead Load:i)Self wieght of the deck slab =
583.32KN
ii)Self wieght of dirtwall over abutment =
60.50KN
iii)Self weight of wearing coat =
55.38KN
699.20KN
There is no need to consider snow load as per the climatic conditions
Self wieght of the abutments upto bottom most footing based on the preliminary
section assumed:iv)Self wieght of the abutment section =
515.06KN
v)Self wieght of top footing =
99.00KN
vi)Self wieght of 2nd footing =
104.94KN
vii)Self wieght of 3rd footing =
0.00KN
viii)Self wieght of 4th footing =
0.00KN
719.00KN
W1
W1
ix)Calculation of eccentricity of self weight of abutment w.r.t base of abutment

S.No
Description Load in KN
Distance of centroid of load from toe of

abutment
Moment
Back
batter(W1)
269.082
1.193
321.01
Centre
portion(W2)
245.916
0.345
84.84
Front
batter(W3)
514.998
Location of resultant from toe of abutment =
405.85
0.79m
Eccentricity wrt centre of base of abutment =
0.310m
x)Calculation of eccentricity of self weight of abutment&1st footing w.r.t bottom of 1st footing
S.No
Distance of centroid of load from toe of 1st

footing
Moment
Back batter
269.082
1.343
361.38
Centre portion
245.916
0.495
121.73
Front batter
1st footing
99.00KN
1.25
123.75
613.998
606.86
0.99m
Eccentricity wrt centre of 1st footing=
0.260m
xi)Calculation of eccentricity of self weight of abutment,1st&2nd footings w.r.t bottom of 2nd footing
S.No
Moment
Distance of centroid of load from toe of 2nd

footing
Back batter
269.082
1.493
401.74
Centre portion
245.916
0.645
158.62
Front batter
0.3
1st footing
99.00KN
1.400
138.6
2nd footing
104.94KN
1.325
139.05
718.938
838.01
1.17m
Eccentricity =
0.155m
xii)Calculation of eccentricity of self weight of abutment,1st&2nd footings w.r.t bottom of 2nd footing
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
6
Back batter
Centre portion
Front batter
1st footing
2nd footing
3rd footing
Moment
Distance of centroid of load from toe of 3rd

footing
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.493
0.645
0.3
1.10
1.03
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00m
Eccentricity =
0.000m
2.Live Load:As per clause 201.1 of IRC:6--2000,the bridges and culverts of medium importance
are to be designed for IRC Class A loading.
GENERAL IRC Class-A loading Pattern
1.10
3.20
1.20
4.30
3.00
3.00
3.00
1.80
3.00
6.8t
3.00
6.8t
4.30
6.8t
1.20
6.8t
3.20
11.4t
11.4t
2.7t
2.7t
1.10
3.00
The IRC Class A loading as per the drawing is severe and the same is to be considered as per
clauses 207.1.3&207.4
Y
475
11.4t
11.4t
Portion to be loaded
with 5KN/m live
load
6.8t
10000
11380
6.8t
5500
2925
3525
The ground contact area of wheels for the above placement,each axle wise is
given below:Axle load
(Tonnes)
11.4
6.8
Ground Contact Area

B(mm)
250
200
W(mm)
500
380
2.7
150
200
Assuming 0.475m allowance for guide posts/kerbs and the clear distance of vehicle from
the edge of guide post being 0.15m as per clause 207.1,the value of 'f' shown in the figure will
be 0.625m
Hence,the width of area to be loaded with 5KN/m2 on left side is (f) =
0.625m
Similarly,the area to be loaded on right side (k) =
3.525m
4.15m
The total live load on the deck slab composes the following components:1.Wheel loads----Point loads
364.00KN
2.Live load in remaing portion(Left side)----UDL
33.56KN
2.Live load in remaing portion(Right side)----UDL
189.29KN
586.86KN
Resultant live load:Eccentricity of live load w.r.t y-direction(Along the direction of travel of vehicles)
Taking moments of all the forces w.r.t y-axis
S.No
Wheel
Load/UDL in
KN
Distance from Y-axis
Moment
57
0.875m
49.88KNm
57
0.875m
49.88KNm
57
2.675m
152.48KNm
57
2.675m
152.48KNm
34
0.875m
29.75KNm
34
0.875m
29.75KNm
34
2.675m
90.95KNm
34
2.675m
90.95KNm
33.5625
0.313m
10.49KNm
10
189.2925
4.688m
887.31KNm
586.855
1543.90KNm
Distance of centroid of forces from y-axis
= 2.631m
Eccentricity =
0.594m
Eccentricity of live load w.r.t x-direction(At right angle to the travel of vehicles)
Taking moments of all the forces w.r.t x-axis
S.No
Load in KN
Distance from X-axis
Moment
57
11.005m
627.29KNm
57
11.005m
627.29KNm
57
9.805m
558.89KNm
57
9.805m
558.89KNm
34
5.505m
187.17KNm
34
5.505m
187.17KNm
34
2.505m
85.17KNm
34
2.505m
85.17KNm
33.56KN
5.690m
190.97KNm
10
189.29KN
5.690m
1077.07KNm
586.855
4185.06KN
Distance of centroid of forces from x-axis
= 7.131m
Eccentricity =
2.441m
Location of Resultant
2631
10000
11380
2631
10000
11380
7131
5500
Calculation of reactions on abutments:-
Reaction due to loads Ra =
367.74KN
Reaction due to point loads = Rb =
219.12KN
Hence,the critical reaction is Ra =
367.7KN
The corrected reaction at obtuse corner =
367.74KN
Assuming that the live load reaction acts at the centre of the contact area on the abutment,
300
185
300
815
815
815
815
740
The eccentricty of the line of action of live load at bottom of abutment =
0.815m
----do----on top of 1st footing
0.815m
----do----on top of 2nd footing
0.740m
The eccentricity in the other direction need not be considered due to high section modulus in transverse
direction.
3.Impact of vehicles:As per Clause 211 of IRC:6--2000,impact allowance shall be made by an increment
of live load by a factor 4.5/(6+L)
Hence,the factor is
0.269
Further as per clause 211.7 of IRC:6--2000,the above impact factor shall be only
50% for calculation of pressure on piers and abutments just below the level of bed block.There
is no need to increase the live load below 3m depth.
As such,the impact allowance for the top 3m of abutments will be
0.1345
For the remaining portion,impact need not be considered.
4.Wind load:The deck system is located at height of (RTL-LBL)
3.42m
The Wind pressure acting on deck system located at that height is considered for design.
As per clause 212.3 and from Table .4 of IRC:6---2000,the wind pressure at that
hieght is=
59.48 Kg/m2.
Height of the deck system =
2.065
Breadth of the deck system =
11.38
The effective area exposed to wind force =HeightxBreadth =

Hence,the wind force acting at centroid of the deck system =
(Taking 50% perforations)
6.97KN
Further as per clause 212.4 of IRC:6---2000 ,300 Kg/m wind force is considered to be
acting at a hieght of 1.5m from road surface on live load vehicle.
Hence,the wind force acting at 1.5m above the road surface =
The location of the wind force from the top of RCC raft footing =
16.50KN
5.97m
5.Water current force:Water pressure considered on square ended abutments as per clause 213.2 of
IRC:6---2000 is
P = 52KV2 =
26.286 Kg/m2.
(where the value of 'K' is 1.5 for square ended abutments)

For the purpose of calculation of exposed area to water current force,only 1.0m
width of abutment is considered for full hieght upto HFL
Hence,the water current force =
0.90KN
Point of action of water current force from the top of RCC raft footing =
4.47m
6.Tractive,braking effort of vehicles&frictional resistance of bearings:The breaking effect of vehicles shall be 20% of live load acting in longitudinal
direction at 1.2m above road surface as per the clause 214.2 of IRC:6--2000.
As no bearings are assumed in the present case,50% of the above longitudinal

force can be assumed to be transmitted to the supports of simply supported spans resting on
stiff foundation with no bearings as per clause 214.5.1.3 of IRC:6---2000
Hence,the longitudinal force due to braking,tractive or frictional resistance of

bearings transferred to abutments is
58.69KN
The location of the tractive force from the top of RCC raft footing =
7.Buoyancy :-
5.67m
As per clause 216.4 of IRC:6---2000,for abutments or piers of shallow depth,the

dead weight of the abutment shall be reduced by wieght of equal volume of water upto HFL.
The above reduction in self wieght will be considered assuming that the back fill
behind the abutment is scoured.
For the preliminary section assumed,the volume of abutment section is
i)Volume of abutment section =
21.46Cum
ii)Volume of top footing =
4.13Cum
iii)Volume of 2nd footing =
4.37Cum
iv)Volume of 3rd footing =
0.00Cum
v)Volume of 4th footing =
0.00Cum
29.96Cum
Reduction in self wieght =
299.58KN
8.Earth pressure :As per clause 217.1 of IRC:6---2000,the abutments are to be designed for a
surcharge equivalent to a back fill of hieght 1.20m behind the abutment.
The coefficient of active earth pressure exerted by the cohesion less back fill on
the abutment as per the Coulomb's theory is given by
'2
Ka =
Sin(a+Q)
sina
sin(a-q)
sin(Q+q)sin(Q-b)
sin(a+b)
Sin(a+Q) =
Sin(a-q) =
Sina =
Sin(Q+q) =
Sin(Q-b) =
Sin(a+b) =
SIN[3.14*(62.46+30)/180] =
SIN[3.14*(62.46-15)/180] =
SIN[3.14*(62.46)/180] =
SIN[3.14*(30+15)/180] =
SIN[3.14*(30-0)/180] =
SIN[3.14*(62.46+0)/180] =
0.999
0.737
0.886
0.707
0.5
0.886
From the above expression,

Ka =
0.6
The hieght of abutment above GL,as per the preliminary section assumed =
Hence,maximum pressure at the base of the wall
2.700m
Pa =
29.16KN/sqm
The pressure distribution along the height of the wall is as given below:Surcharge load =
12.96 KN/sqm
12.96
2.700
29.16
12.96
Area of the rectangular portion =

Area of the triangular portion =
34.99
39.37
74.36
Taking moments of the areas about the toe of the wall

S.No
1
2
Description
Area
Rectangular
Triangular
34.99
39.37
74.36
Lever arm Moment

1.35
0.9
47.2365
35.433
82.6695
Height from the bottom of the wall =
1.11m
The active Earth pressure acts on the abutment as shown below:-
0.69
44.19
2.700m
1.11m
60.81
2.20
0.62
Total earth pressure acting on the abutment P =
408.97KN
Horizontal component of the earth pressure Ph =
293.36KN
Vertical component of the earth pressure Pv =
284.95KN
Eccentricity of vertical component of earth pressure =

9.Siesmic force :As per clause 222.1 of IRC:6---2000,the bridges in siesmic zones I and II need not be
designed for siesmic forces.The location of the slab culvert is in Zone-I.Hence,there is no need to
design the bridge for siesmic forces.
10.Water pressure force:The water pressure distribution on the abutment is as given below:-
HFL 2.200m
3.70
BFL -1.500m
0.48m
37.00kn/sqm
Total horizontal water pressure force =
376.48KN
The above pressure acts at height of H/3 =
1.23m
IV)Check for stresses for abutments&footings:-
a)Load Envelope-I:-(The Canal is dry,back fill scoured with live load on span)
i)On top of RCC raft
The following co-ordinates are assumed:a)x-Direction-----At right angle to the movement of vehicles
b)y-Direction-----In the direction of movement of vehicles
Vertical forces acting on the abutment (P) composes of the following components
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN
Eccentricty about x- Eccentricty about yaxis(m)

axis(m)
Reaction due to dead load from super structure
699.20KN
-0.740
0.00
Self wieght of abutment&footings
718.94KN
0.155
0.000
Reaction due to live load with impact factor---(Wheel

loads+UDL)
-0.740
0.000
Impact load
0.00
0.00
466.66KN
0.00
1884.79
Horizontal forces acting/transferred on the abutment (H) composes of the following components
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN
Direction x or y
Location(Ht.from the
section considered).
(m)
Wind load
16.50KN
x-Direction
5.97
Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings
58.69KN
y-Direction
5.67
Water current force
0.90KN
x-Direction
4.47
Check for stresses:About x-axis:Breadth of 2nd footing b =
6.25m
Depth of 2nd footing d =
2.45m
Area of the footing = A =

Section modulus of bottom footing
about x-axis --Zx =
15.3125 m2
(1/6)bd2 =
6.25 m3
For M20 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 5N/mm2
i.e, 5000KN/sqm
For M20 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2.8N/mm2
i.e, -2800KN/sqm
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
Type of load
Intensity in
KN (P)
Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)

Reaction due to live load with impact factor
Impact load
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
Eccentricity/Lever
arm
Stress at heel
P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
718.94KN
466.66KN
0.00KN
-0.740
0.155
-0.740
0.000
13.22
53.94
8.83
0
58.69KN
5.67
-53.22
22.77
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
Type of load
Eccentricity
Intensity in
KN (P)

Impact load
Stress at toe
P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
718.94KN
466.66KN
0.00KN
0.740
-0.155
0.740
0.000
78.1
39.96
52.13
0
58.69KN
5.67
53.22
223.41
Stress at heel =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
22.77 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.
Hence safe.
Stress at toe =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
223.41 KN/Sqm<5000KN/sqm
Hence safe.
About y-axis:Breadth of 3rd footing b =
2.45m
Depth of 3rd footing d =
6.25m

Section modulus of bottom footing about =
y-axis--Zy =
15.3125 m2
(1/6)bd2 =
15.95 m3
i.e, 5000KN/sqm
i.e, -2800KN/sqm
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
6
Type of load
Intensity in
KN (P)

Impact load
Wind load
Water current force
Eccentricity/Lever
arm
Stress at upstream
edge
P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
718.94KN
466.66KN
0.00KN
0.00
0.00
0.000
0.00
45.66
46.95
30.48
0
16.50KN
0.90KN
5.97
4.47
-6.18
-0.25
116.66
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
6
Type of load
Intensity in
KN (P)

Impact load
Wind load
Water current force
Stress at up stream side

edge =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Eccentricity/Lever
arm
Stress at D/S edge

P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
718.94KN
466.66KN
0.00KN
0.00
0.00
0.000
0.00
45.66
46.95
30.48
0
16.50KN
0.90KN
5.97
4.47
6.18
0.25
129.52
116.66 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.
Hence safe.
Stress at down stream side
edge =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Hence safe.
i)On top of 2nd footing

Vertical load acting on the abutment (P) composes of the following components
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN

axis(m)
699.20KN
-0.740
0.00
Self wieght of abutment&cut waters
614.00KN
0.260
0.000
-0.740
0.000
Impact load
0.000
0.00
466.66KN
0.00
Horizontal load acting/transferred on the abutment (H) composes of the following components
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN
Direction x or y
(m)
Wind load
16.50KN
x-Direction
5.67
58.69KN
y-Direction
5.37
Water current force
0.90KN
x-Direction
4.17
Check for stresses:About x-axis:Breadth of 1st footing b =

Depth of 1st footing d =
Section modulus of base of abutment
about x-axis--Zx =
6.25m
2.50m
15.625 m2
(1/6)bd2 =
6.51 m3
i.e, 5000KN/sqm
i.e, -2800KN/sqm
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
Type of load

Impact load
Intensity in
KN (P)
Eccentricity/Lever
arm
Stress at heel
P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
614.00KN
466.66KN
0.00KN
-0.74
0.26
-0.74
0.00
12.96
43.22
8.65
0
58.69KN
5.37
-48.41
16.42
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
Type of load

Impact load
Intensity in
KN (P)
Eccentricity
Stress at toe
P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
614.00KN
466.66KN
0.00KN
0.74
-0.26
0.74
0.00
76.54
29.49
51.08
0
58.69KN
5.37
48.41
205.52
Stress at heel =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Hence safe.
Stress at toe =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Hence safe.
About y-axis:Breadth of 1st footing b =
2.50m
6.25m
15.625 m2

about y-axis--Zy =
(1/6)bd2 =
16.28 m3
i.e, 5000KN/sqm
For M20 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2N/mm 2
i.e, -2800KN/sqm
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
6
Type of load

Impact load
Wind load
Water current force
Intensity in
KN (P)
Eccentricity/Lever
arm
Stress at upstream
edge
P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
614.00KN
466.66KN
0.00KN
0.00
0.00
0.000
0.00
44.75
39.3
29.87
0
16.50KN
0.90KN
5.67
4.17
-5.75
-0.23
107.94
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
6
Type of load

Impact load
Wind load
Water current force

edge of abutment =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Intensity in
KN (P)
Eccentricity/Lever
arm
Stress at D/S edge

P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
614.00KN
466.66KN
0.00KN
0.00
0.00
0.000
0.00
44.75
39.3
29.87
0
16.50KN
0.90KN
5.67
4.17
5.75
0.23
119.9
107.94 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.
Hence safe.
edge of abutment =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Hence safe.
i)On top of 1st footing
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN
1
2
3

Impact load

axis(m)
699.20KN
515.00KN
466.66KN
0.00
-0.815
0.310
-0.815
0.00
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.00
S.No
1
2
3
Type of load
Intensity in
KN
Wind load
Water current force
Direction x or y
16.50KN
58.69KN
0.90KN
x-Direction
y-Direction
x-Direction
(m)
5.37
5.07
3.87
Check for stresses:About x-axis:Breadth of abutment b =

Depth of abutment d =
about x-axis--Zx =
6.25m
2.20m
13.75 m2
(1/6)bd2 =
5.04 m3
i.e, 5000KN/sqm
i.e, -2800KN/sqm
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN (P)
Eccentricity/Lever
arm
Stress at heel
P/A(1+6e/b)
1
2
3
4
5

Impact load
699.20KN
515.00KN
466.66KN
0.00KN
-0.82
0.31
-0.82
0.00
11.07
42.52
7.39
0
58.69KN
5.07
-59.02
1.96
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
Type of load
Intensity in
KN (P)

Impact load
Eccentricity
Stress at toe
P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
515.00KN
466.66KN
0.00KN
0.82
-0.31
0.82
0.00
90.64
26.31
60.49
0
58.69KN
5.07
59.02
236.46
Stress at heel =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Hence safe.
Stress at toe =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Hence safe.
About y-axis:Breadth of abutment b =
Depth of abutment d =
about y-axis--Zy =
2.20m
6.25m
13.75 m2
(1/6)bd2 =
14.32 m3
i.e, 5000KN/sqm
i.e, -2800KN/sqm
S.No
1
2
3
Type of load

Intensity in
KN (P)
699.20KN
515.00KN
466.66KN
Eccentricity/Lever
arm
0.00
0.00
0.000
Stress at upstream
edge
P/A(1+6e/b)
50.85
37.45
33.94
4
5
6
Impact load
Wind load
Water current force
0.00KN
0.00
16.50KN
0.90KN
5.37
3.87
-6.19
-0.24
115.81
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
6
Type of load
Intensity in
KN (P)

Impact load
Wind load
Water current force

edge of abutment =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Eccentricity/Lever
arm
Stress at D/S edge

P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
515.00KN
466.66KN
0.00KN
0.00
0.00
0.000
0.00
50.85
37.45
33.94
0
16.50KN
0.90KN
5.37
3.87
6.19
0.24
128.67
115.81 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.
Hence safe.
edge of abutment =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Hence safe.
b)Load Envelope-II:-(The Canal is full,back fill intact with no live load on span)
i)On top of RCC Raft footing
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN
699.20KN
718.94KN
Reduction in self weight due to buoyancy
-299.58KN
Net self weight
Vertical component of earth pressure

axis(m)
-0.740
0.00
419.35KN
0.155
0.000
284.95KN
0.480
0.000
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN
Direction x or y
(m)
Wind load
16.50KN
x-Direction
5.97
0.00KN
y-Direction
0.00
Water current force
0.90KN
x-Direction
4.47
Horizontal load due to earth pressure
293.36KN
y-Direction
1.71
Water pressure force
376.48KN
y-Direction
1.23
Check for stresses:About x-axis:Breadth of bottom footing b =

Depth of bottom footing d =
6.25m
2.45m
15.3125 m2

about x-axis --Zx =
(1/6)bd2 =
6.25 m3
i.e, 5000KN/sqm
i.e, -2800KN/sqm
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
Type of load

Net self wieght of abutment&footings
Vertical component of Earth pressure
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
Type of load

Stress at heel =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Intensity in
KN (P)
Eccentricity/Lever
arm
Stress at heel
P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
419.35KN
284.95KN
-0.74
0.16
0.48
13.22
31.46
27.18
293.36KN
376.48KN
1.71
1.23
-80.31
74.3
65.81
Intensity in
KN (P)
Eccentricity
Stress at toe
P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
419.35KN
284.95KN
0.74
-0.16
-0.48
78.1
23.31
10.03
293.36KN
376.48KN
1.71
1.23
80.31
-74.3
117.49
Hence safe.
Stress at toe =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Hence safe.
About y-axis:Breadth of bottom footing b =

Depth of bottom footing d =
2.45m
6.25m
15.3125 m2

about y-axis --Zy =
(1/6)bd2 =
15.95 m3
i.e, 5000KN/sqm
i.e, -2800KN/sqm
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
Type of load
Intensity in
KN (P)

Wind load
Water current force
Type of load

edge of abutment =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Stress at U/S Edge

P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
419.35KN
284.95KN
0.00
0.00
0.00
45.66
27.39
18.61
16.50KN
0.90KN
5.97
4.47
-6.18
-0.3
85.23
Intensity in
KN (P)

Eccentricity/Lever
arm
Eccentricity
Stress at D/S edge

P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
419.35KN
284.95KN
0.00
0.00
0.00
45.66
27.39
18.61
16.50KN
0.90KN
5.97
4.47
6.18
0.3
98.09
Hence safe.
edge of abutment =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Hence safe.
ii)On top of 2nd footing

S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN

axis(m)
699.20KN
-0.74
0.00
718.94KN
-299.58KN
Net self weight
419.35KN
0.155
0.000
284.95KN
0.480
0.000
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN
Direction x or y
(m)
Wind load
16.50KN
x-Direction
5.67
0.00KN
y-Direction
0.00
Water current force
0.90KN
x-Direction
4.17
293.36KN
y-Direction
1.41
376.48KN
y-Direction
0.93
Check for stresses:About x-axis:Breadth of 2nd footing b =

Depth of 2nd footing d =
about x-axis --Zx =
6.25m
2.30m
14.375 m2
(1/6)bd2 =
5.51 m3
i.e, 5000KN/sqm
i.e, -2800KN/sqm
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN (P)
Eccentricity/Lever
arm
Stress at heel
P/A(1+6e/b)
1
2
3
4
5

S.No
1
2
3
4
5
Type of load
-0.74
0.16
0.48
14.09
33.51
28.96
293.36KN
376.48KN
1.41
0.93
-75.16
63.8
65.17
Intensity in
KN (P)

Stress at heel =
699.20KN
419.35KN
284.95KN
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Eccentricity
Stress at toe
P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
419.35KN
284.95KN
0.74
-0.16
-0.48
83.19
24.83
10.69
293.36KN
376.48KN
1.41
0.93
75.16
-63.8
130.1
Hence safe.
Stress at toe =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Hence safe.
About y-axis:Breadth of 1st footing b =

about y-axis --Zy =
2.30m
6.25m
14.375 m2
(1/6)bd2 =
14.97 m3
i.e, 5000KN/sqm
i.e, -2800KN/sqm
S.No
1
2
3
4
Type of load

Wind load
Intensity in
KN (P)
Eccentricity/Lever
arm
Stress at U/S Edge

P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
419.35KN
284.95KN
0.00
0.00
0.00
48.64
29.17
19.82
16.50KN
5.67
-6.25
Water current force
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
0.90KN
Type of load
Intensity in
KN (P)


edge of abutment =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
4.17
Eccentricity
-0.3
91.13
Stress at D/S edge

P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
419.35KN
284.95KN
0.00
0.00
0.00
48.64
29.17
19.82
16.50KN
0.90KN
5.67
4.17
6.25
0.3
104.13
Hence safe.
edge of abutment =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Hence safe.
iii)On top of 1st footing

S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN
699.20KN
614.00KN
-255.83KN
Net self weight

axis(m)
-0.74
0.00
358.17KN
0.260
0.000
284.95KN
0.480
0.000
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN
Direction x or y
(m)
Wind load
16.50KN
x-Direction
5.37
0.00KN
y-Direction
0.00
Water current force
0.90KN
x-Direction
3.87
293.36KN
y-Direction
1.11
376.48KN
y-Direction
0.63
Check for stresses:About x-axis:Breadth of 1st footing b =

6.25m
2.50m
15.625 m2

about x-axis --Zx =
(1/6)bd2 =
6.51 m3
i.e, 5000KN/sqm
i.e, -2800KN/sqm
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
Type of load

S.No
1
2
3
4
5
Intensity in
KN (P)
Type of load
Stress at heel =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Stress at heel
P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
358.17KN
284.95KN
-0.74
0.26
0.48
12.96
28.64
26.64
293.36KN
376.48KN
1.11
0.63
-50.1
36.6
54.76
Intensity in
KN (P)

Eccentricity/Lever
arm
Eccentricity
Stress at toe
P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
358.17KN
284.95KN
0.74
-0.26
-0.48
76.54
17.2
9.83
293.36KN
376.48KN
1.11
0.63
50.1
-36.6
117.05
Hence safe.
Stress at toe =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Hence safe.
About y-axis:-
Breadth of 1st footing b =

2.50m
6.25m
15.625 m2

about y-axis --Zy =
(1/6)bd2 =
16.28 m3
i.e, 5000KN/sqm
i.e, -2800KN/sqm
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
Type of load
Intensity in
KN (P)

Wind load
Water current force
Type of load

edge of abutment =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Stress at U/S Edge

P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
358.17KN
284.95KN
0.00
0.00
0.00
44.75
22.92
18.24
16.50KN
0.90KN
5.37
3.87
-5.44
-0.2
80.26
Intensity in
KN (P)

Eccentricity/Lever
arm
Eccentricity
Stress at D/S edge

P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
358.17KN
284.95KN
0.00
0.00
0.00
44.75
22.92
18.24
16.50KN
0.90KN
5.37
3.87
5.44
0.2
91.56
Hence safe.
edge of abutment =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Hence safe.
V)Check for stability of abutments:a)Load Envelope-III:-(The Canal is dry,back fill intact with live load on span)

S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN

axis(m)
699.20KN
0.82
0.00
Self wieght of abutments
515.06KN
0.310
0.000
466.66KN
0.82
0.000
Vertical component of Active Earth pressure
284.95KN
0.480
0.00
1965.87KN
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN
Direction x or y
(m)
Wind load
16.50KN
x-Direction
5.37
58.69KN
y-Direction
5.37
Horizontal Active Earth pressure force
293.36KN
y-Direction
1.11
368.54KN
Check for stability against over turning:Taking moments of all the overturning forces about toe of the abutment wrt x-axis,
Moment due to tractive,braking&frictional resistance of bearings =
315.14Kn-m
Moment due to active earth pressure force =
326.14Kn-m
Total overturning moment =
641.28Kn-m
Taking moments of all the restoring forces about toe of the abutment wrt x-axis,,
Moment due to self weight of abutment =
726.23Kn-m
Moment due to live load reaction on abutment =
893.65Kn-m
Moment due to super structure load reaction on abutment =
1338.96Kn-m
Moment due to vertical component of active earth pressure =
450.23Kn-m
Total Restoring moment =
Factor of safety =
5.31601172
> 2.0
3409.07Kn-m
Hence safe
(As per clause 706.3.4 of IRC:78-2000)
Check for stability against sliding:Total vertical load acting on the base of the abutment Vb =
1965.87KN
Total sliding force,ie,horizontal load on the abutment Hb =
368.54KN
Coefficient of friction between concrete surfaces =

Factor of safety against sliding Fs =
0.80
4.26734705 > 1.5

Hence safe
b)Load Envelope-IV:-(The Canal is running upto HFL with no live load on span)
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN
699.20KN
Self wieght of abutments
515.06KN
-214.60KN
Net self wieght
Vertical component of Active Earth pressure

axis(m)
0.82
0.00
300.46KN
0.310
0.000
284.95
0.480
0.00
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN
Direction x or y
(m)
Wind load
16.50KN
x-Direction
5.37
0.00KN
y-Direction
0.00
Active Earth pressure force
293.36KN
y-Direction
1.11
Force due to water pressure
376.48KN
y-Direction
0.63
Check for stability against over turning:Taking moments of all the overturning forces about toe of the abutment wrt x-axis,
Moment due to tractive,braking&frictional resistance of bearings =
Moment due to active earth pressure force =
0.00Kn-m
326.14Kn-m
Total overturning moment =
326.14Kn-m
Taking moments of all the restoring forces about toe of the abutment wrt x-axis,
Moment due to self weight of abutment =
423.65Kn-m
Moment due to water pressure force on the abutment =
238.43Kn-m
Moment due to super structure load reaction on abutment =
1338.96Kn-m
Moment due to vertical component of active earth pressure =
450.23Kn-m
Total Restoring moment =
Factor of safety =
7.51593077
2451.27Kn-m
> 2.0
Hence safe
Check for stability against sliding:Total vertical load acting on the base of the abutment Vb =
961.89KN
Total sliding force,ie,horizontal load on the abutment Hb =
293.36KN
Coefficient of friction between concrete surfaces =

Factor of safety against sliding Fs =
2.62312913 > 1.5

Hence safe
0.80
DESIGN OF RAFT FOR THE SLAB CULVERT

Name of the work:-Slab culvert on Nathalova Drain at Saripalli village
Abutment
Abutment
Length of the Raft:-
15.00m
Width of the Raft:-
6.85m
Total load on the Raft:Dead Load:Wt.of Deck slab =
1166.63Kn
Wt.of wearing coat =
110.76Kn
Wt.of bed blocks over abutments =
121.00Kn
Wt.of abutments
Footing-I =
Footing-II =
Wt.of abutments =
198.00Kn
209.88Kn
1030.12Kn
Total
Dead load stress =
27.60Kn/Sqm
Live Load:Taking IRC Class-A loading

Wheel width in the direction of movement =0.2+0.2+0.25/2 = 0.625m
11.4
11.4
1.2
6.8
4.3
6.8
3.0
6.8
3.000
0.625
15.00m
2.875
2836.39Kn
Centre of gravity of loading from 1st 11.4t load =

=
4.33m
Centre of gravity from the end of raft =
4.955m
Eccentricity =
2.545m
Stress due to live load = 1xP(1+6e/b)

(Taking single lanes)
A
Max.stress =
13.31Kn/Sqm
Min.stress =
-4.27Kn/Sqm
Total stress due to dead load and live load

Max.Stress =
40.91Kn/Sqm
Min.Stress =
23.33Kn/Sqm
Assuming the depth of raft as 70cm

Stress due to self weight of raft =
17.50Kn/Sqm
Stress due to wieght of base concrete =
7.20Kn/Sqm
Hence,the Max.stress on the soil =
65.61Kn/Sqm
Which is less than 8t/sqm(Soil testing report)
Hence safe.
Net Max.upward pressure acting on Raft =
40.91Kn/Sqm
Net Min.upward pressure acting on Raft =
23.33Kn/Sqm
The design stress =
32.12Kn/Sqm
Hence,the UDL on the raft =
32.12Kn/m
Design of Raft:The raft will be analysed as a continuous beam of 1m width with the loading
as shown below:-
1.475
11.85
1.475
UDL of 32.12Kn/m
After analysis the bending moment diagram is as given below:
822
189
Max.Negative bending moment Mu =
822.00KNm
Max.Positive bending moment Mu =
189.00KNm
Effective depth required d =

Over all depth provided =
Mu/0.138fckb =
488.12mm
700.00mm
Effective depth provided(Assuming 50mm cover) d =
637.50mm
Top steel:Mu/bd2 =
2.023
From table 3 of SP 16,percentage of steel required =

Area of steel required =
0.627
3997.13sqmm
Bottom steel:Mu/bd2 =
0.465
From table 3 of SP 16,percentage of steel required/Minimum steel =

0.133
847.88sqmm
Hence provide 12mm dia HYSD bars@ 100mm c/c spacing at bottom
and provide 25mm bars at 120mm c/c at top
Hence Ast provided at top =
4088.54sqmm
Hence Ast provided at bottom =
1130.40sqmm
Provide distribution reinforcement of 0.12% both at top and bottom

Area =
840.00sqmm
Adopting 12mm dia bars,the spacing required is =
134.57mm
Hence provide 12mm dia bars @ 125mm c/c spacing at top& bottom as distribution steel
Effective depth = 300-50-6 =
0.244m
Clear span between abutments = 3.00-2x(0.125+2x(0.15)) =
2.150m
Effective span = 2.15+0.244/2 =
2.27m
For continuous slab,clear span will be the effective span,effective span =

The raft is proposed to be designed for the Max.stress of 5.47t/sqm
Assuming 1m width of raft,the UDL on the raft is
65.610t/Sqm
The raft is treated as simply supported beam with over hangs

Hence,the Max.positive moment = wl2/8 =
42.33t-m
Max.Negative moment for over hangs = wl12/2 =

Max.negative moment =
2.950t-m
Max.positive moment =
42.330t-m
2.95t-m
Hence,the design moment =
42.330t-m
Depth required = 3.53x105

7.7x100
74.144471
Hence provide overall depth of 30cm,the effective depth available is

300-50-6 =
24.4
Area of steel required = 3.53x105

at centre
2000x0.916x24.4
94.70sqcm
Spacing of 12mm dia bars required = 1.13x100/7.9 =
14.303797468
However provide 12mm bars at 125mm c/c at centre
Area of steel required = 0.25x105

for over hangs
2000x0.916x24.4
6.60sqcm
Spacing of 12mm dia bars required = 1.13x100/0.56 =
201.78571429
However provide 12mm bars at 250mm c/c

Provide distribution reinforcement of 0.12% both at top and bottom
Area =
3.60sqcm
Adopting 10mm dia bars,the spacing required is = 0.785x100/3.6 =
21.805556
Hence provide 10mm dia bars @ 175mm c/c spacing
The details of Reinforcement is as shown below:-
12mm bars@ 125 c/c(Curtail 50% of cranks at the centre of abutment
3.00m
12mm bars@250mm c/c
2.27m
12mm bars@250mm c/c
1.1304
1.1304
0.785
DESIGN OF CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL

Data:Height of Retaining wall(h) =
Height of wall above G.L=
Height of wall below G.L=
Density of back fill soil&material in toe portion(y) =
Grade of concrete =
Grade of steel =
Ground water Table level =
Angle of shearing resistance of back fill material&material at toe portion(Q) =
Angle of face of wall supporting earth with horizontal(a)(In degrees)
(in clock wise direction)
Slope of back fill(b) =
Angle of wall friction (q) =
Undrained Cohesion ( c) =
Safe bearing capacity(SBC) =
Surcharge over the back fill(s) =
(Assumed)
Characteristic compressive strength =
Tensile strength of steel =
Unit weight of RCC =
Unit weight of PCC =
Coefficient of active earth pressure by Coulomb's theory

Ka =
Sin(a+Q)
sina
Sin(a+Q) =
Sin(a-q) =
Sina =
Sin(Q+q) =
Sin(Q-b) =
Sin(a+b) =
sin(a-q)
SIN[3.14*(85.58+30)/180] =
SIN[3.14*(85.58-15)/180] =
SIN[3.14*(85.58)/180] =
SIN[3.14*(30+15)/180] =
SIN[3.14*(30-0)/180] =
SIN[3.14*(85.58+0)/180] =

Ka =
0.33
Dimensions of the Cantilever wall(Assumed for preliminary design):Thickness of base slab =

Width of the heel slab =
Thickness of stem at bottom =
Thickness of stem at top =
sin(Q+q)sin(Q-b)
sin(a+b)
0.88
0.943
0.997
0.707
0.5
0.997
Length of the toe =
5.13m
C
1.20m
3.20m
Earth pressure at top including surcharge = K ays =
Earth pressure at bottom including surcharge = K ay(s+h) =
Pressure distribution is as shown below:356.4
5.13m
3400.7
356.4
Area of the rectangular portion =

Area of the triangular portion =
1826.55
8714.17
10540.72
Taking moments of the areas about the toe of the wall

S.No
1
2
Description
Area
Lever arm
Moment
Rectangular
Triangular
1826.55
8714.17
2.5625
1.7083333333
4680.53
14886.7
10540.72
19567.2
1.86m
The active Earth pressure acts on the abutment as shown below:-
0.15
18.86
5.125m
1.86m
86.14
0.50m
0.13
Total earth pressure acting on the wall per 1m length P =
10540.72Kg
Horizontal component of the earth pressure P h =
Vertical component of the earth pressure P v =
Eccentricity of vertical component of earth pressure =

Total earth pressure =
It acts at a hieght of
from the base
Stability calculations:Load(Kg)
Weight of the rectangular portion of stem =
1921.88Kg
Weight of the rectangular portion of stem =
2242.19Kg
Wieght of base slab =
5500.00Kg
Wieght of soil on heel including surcharge =
29626.88Kg
Vertical component of earth pressure =
3405.70Kg
42696.65Kg
Note:-Weight of soil on the toe is neglected on the assumption that,it is scoured.

Horizontal earth pressure force =
9975.37
Lever arm x =
M=
2.03m
V
Eccentricuty e = b/2-x =
0.17m
<b/6
Hence there is no uplift
Maximum stress =
P/A(1+6e/b) =
11953.3 < SBC
Minimum stress =
P/A(1-6e/b) =
7454.27
Coefficient of friction between soil and footing u =
0.5
Factor of safety against sliding =(uFxW)/Ph =
2.14 >1.5 Hence,the structure is safe
Moment of overturning force,ie,Horizontal component of earth pressure about toe 'C' =

Moment of restoring forces about toe 'C' =
Factor of safety against overturning =
5.69 >2.0 Hence safe.
Design of heel:Length of heel =
2.70m
Downward load intensity due to self weight of base slab =
5500.00Kg/m
Downward load intensity due to soil including surcharge =
29626.88Kg/m
TOTAL
35126.88Kg/m
The upward pressure distribution below the base slab is as given below:F
G
7454.27Kg/sqm
11953.3
1.20m
0.50m
2.70m
The upward pressure intensity at point 'F' is
10726.29Kg/sqm
The upward pressure intensity at point 'G' is
10215.04Kg/sqm
Total upward pressure force on heel portion due to soil reaction =
23853.57Kg/m
The distance of centroid of upward soil reaction from 'G' is =
1.28m
The distance of centroid of downward load intensity from 'G' is =
1.35m
Resultant moment =
16896.14Kg-m/m
Factored bending moment Mu =
25344.21Kgm
Mu/0.138fckb =
271.04mm
500.00mm

Mu/bd2 =
442.00mm
1.297
0.231
1021.02sqmm
Hence provide 12mm dia HYSD bars@ 150mm c/c spacing

Hence Ast provided =
753.60sqmm
Check for shear:The critical section for beam shear is at distance of 'd' from the face of the support
Hence,the factored design shear force V Fd =
at a distance 'd' from the face of the support
Nominal shear stress Tv =
169.10KN
0.38N/sqmm <2.8 N/sqmm

(As per Table 20 of 1S 456)
Hence,the section is safe from shear point of view
Assumed percentage area of the steel reinforcement =
0.17%
The design shear strength of concrete for the above steel percentage from
Table 19 of IS 456 is
0.39
0.39>0.28
Hence,the depth provided is safe from beam shear point of view
Hence,no shear reinforcement is required.
Provide temperature re inforcement @ 0.15%
Area required =
750.00sqmm
Taking 10mm dia HYSD bars,the spacing comes to
104.76mm
Hence provide 10mm dia bars @ 150mm c/c
Design of wall or stem:Factored bending moment Mu =

27776.64Kgm
Mu/0.138fckb =
300.00mm

Mu/bd2 =
283.75mm
242.00mm
4.743

0.41
992.20sqmm

1130.40sqmm
149.63KN

0.47%
0.474
0.474>0.24
Hence,the depth provided is safe from beam shear point of view
Area required =
487.50sqmm
Provide 1/3rd of above reinforcement on earthen side =
162.50sqmm
Provide 8mm dia @ 200mm c/c on earthen side

Provide 2/3rd of above reinforcement on other side =
325.00sqmm
Provide 8mm dia @ 150mm c/c on other side

Provide 10mm bars at 300mm c/c vertically on the outer face to support horizontal rods
Design of Toe:Length of toe =
1.20m
Downward load intensity due to self weight =

Downward load intensity due to soil including surcharge =
5500.00Kg/m
0.00Kg/m
TOTAL
5500.00Kg/m
The upward pressure distribution below the base slab is as given below:F
G
7454.27Kg/sqm
11953.3
1.20m
0.50m
2.70m
The upward pressure intensity at point 'F' is
10726.29Kg/sqm
The upward pressure intensity at end of toe is
11953.30Kg/sqm
Total upward pressure force on heel portion due to soil reaction =
13607.75Kg/m
The distance of centroid of upward soil reaction from 'F' is =
0.61m
The distance of centroid of downward load intensity from 'G' is =
0.60m
Resultant moment =
5011.89Kg-m/m
Factored bending moment Mu =

7517.84Kgm
Mu/0.138fckb =
147.62mm
300.00mm

Mu/bd2 =
242.00mm
1.284
0.142
Min.percentage of steel as per IS 456 =
0.15
363.00sqmm

565.20sqmm
121.62KN

0.23%
0.402
0.402>0.24
Area required =
750.00sqmm
Taking 10mm dia HYSD bars,the spacing comes to

Hence,provide 10mm dia bars @ 150mm c/c
104.76mm
NG WALL
5.13m
5.13m
0.00m
1800Kg/Cum
M25
Fe415
30
86.14
0
15
1600Kg/sqm
7500Kg/sqm
0.60m
25N/sqmm
415N/sqmm
2500Kg/Cum
2400Kg/Cum
0.50m
3.20m
0.50m
0.15m
1.20m
356.4Kg/sqm
3400.7Kg/sqm
9975.37Kg
3405.70Kg
0.12m
10540.7Kg/m
1.86m
Lever arm about C
Moment(Kg-m)
1.28
2450.40
1.47
3288.55
2.200
12100.00
2.80
82955.26
1.33
4529.57
105323.78
1.86m
-18517.76
86806.02
here is no uplift
Hence safe
nce,the structure is safe

18517.76Kgm
105323.78Kgm
o support horizontal rods
167.4666666667
334.9333333333
287.0857142857
DESIGN OF PROTECTION WALL(WING WALL)

Data:Total height of Retaining wall =
Height of tappered wall portion=
Density of back fill soil&material in toe portion =
Grade of concrete =
Top width =
Bottom width assumed =
Width of 1st step =
Thickness of 1st step =
Width of 2nd step =
Thickness of 2nd step =
Surcharge over the back fill in terms of height of back fill =
Safe bearing capacity =
Ka =
Sin(a+Q)
sina
sin(a-q)
sin(Q+q)sin(Q-b)
sin(a+b)

Ka =
0.7
Hence,maximum pressure at the base of the wall
Pa =
The pressure distribution along the height of the wall is as given below:Surcharge load =
693
693
5.165m
5965.58
Total earth pressure =
18985.45535
1.88m
The active earth pressure acts on the wall as shown below:-
0.45
G.L
50.4
1.75m
5.2
54.6
3.20m
3.80m
4.40m
0.60m
0.70m

Stability calculations:CASE:I(Earth on toe side is scoured):Load(Kg)

Weight of rectangular portion of the wall =
Weight of triangular portion of the wall =
Weight of step-I =
Weight of step-II =
Weight of the earth on heel(Part-I Triangular) =
Weight of the earth on heel(Part-II Rectangular) =
Weight of the earth on heel(Part-III Rectangular) =
Vertical component of Active earth pressure=
4174.20Kg
12754.50Kg
5472.00Kg
7392.00Kg
8768.72Kg
1913.18Kg
2259.68Kg
14623.15Kg
57357.42Kg
Horizontal active earth pressure force =
Lever arm x =
M=
V
12108.31
2.20m
0.00m
<b/6
Maximum stress =
P/A(1+6e/b) =
13035.78 < 1.5xSBC Hence safe
Minimum stress =
P/A(1-6e/b) =
13035.78
0.5
Factor of safety against sliding =(uFx0.9W)/Ph =
2.13 >1.4 Hence safe
Note:-From the factors of safety and also from the Max.&Min.stresses,it can be inferred that,though the section is safe
it is very uneconomical.
CASE:II(Earth on toe side is not scoured):Load(Kg)
Weight of rectangular portion of the wall =
Weight of triangular portion of the wall =
Weight of step-I =
Weight of step-II =
Weight of the earth on toe(Part-I) =
Weight of the earth on toe(Part-II) =
Weight of the earth on heel(Part-I Triangular) =
Weight of the earth on heel(Part-II Rectangular) =
Weight of the earth on heel(Part-III Rectangular) =
Vertical component of Active earth pressure=
Coefficient of Passive Earth pressure = Kp = 1/Ka =
4174.20Kg
12754.50Kg
5472.00Kg
7392.00Kg
222.75Kg
519.75Kg
8768.72Kg
1913.18Kg
2259.68Kg
14623.15Kg
58099.92Kg
1.43
The distribution of passive earth pressure on toe side is as shown below:-
Location&Line of action of resultant

1.75m
4129.125
Total Passive Earth pressure force =
3612.98Kg
0.58m
Load(Kg)
Horizontal passive earth pressure force =

Horizontal active earth pressure force =
3612.98
12108.31
Lever arm x =
M=
V
2.21m
0.01m
<b/6
Maximum stress =
P/A(1+6e/b) =
13384.59 < SBC
Minimum stress =
P/A(1-6e/b) =
13024.46

Hence safe
0.5
Factor of safety against sliding =(uFx0.9W)/Ph =
2.16 >1.4 Hence safe
Note:-From the factors of safety and also from the Max.&Min.stresses,it can be inferred that,though the section is safe
it is very uneconomical.
Total Active earth pressure =
18985.46
Moment of the centroid of the above force about the base of the stem of the
retaining wall =
35767.85 Kg-m
Design of Cantilever Wall:Adopting working stress method of design,
Effective depth required =
63.13cm
The over all depth provided =
37.50cm
Effective depth(Assuming 50mm cover and 12mm dia bars) =

Ast required =
53.81sqcm
Hence,the reinforcement provided is safe

Distribution steel of 0.15% is to be provided
Area of distribution steel =
5.63sqcm
The area of distribution steel provided on both the faces is safe

Design of beam:Moment of the centroid of the earth pressure force about the bottom of the
beam =
41463.48 Kg-m
Load coming on beam:Weight of wall
Weight of earth
Self weight of beam
w1 =
w2=
w3=
3712.34Kg
813.49Kg
281.25Kg
4807.08Kg
Design for flexure:Maximum B.M = wl2/10 =
1922.83kgm
Equivalent bending moment due to twisting

MT =
43902.51 Kg-m
Total Bending moment =
45825.34kgm
Effective depth required =
71.46cm
The over all depth provided =
30.00cm
31.90cm
Effective depth(Assuming 50mm cover and 12mm dia bars) =

Ast required =
24.40cm
90.13sqcm
Hence,provide 2-12mm dia bars at top and bottom and provide 3-12mm dia
bars to be cranked at pile locations and stirrups at 200mm c/c spacing
Design of piles:To be modified as per above values
Check for safety against sliding:Sliding force:Force due to active earth pressure on wall =
Force due to active earth pressure on beam =
Force due to active earth pressure on pile =
Total sliding force =
37970.92
1316.7
3573.2813
42860.901
Kg
Kg
Kg
Kg
Resisting force:Kp = 1/Ka =
1.43
Lateral passive earth pressure at the top of beam =

Lateral passive earth pressure at the top of pile&bottom of beam =
Lateral passive earth pressure at the bottom of pile =
Lateral resistance of beam =
Lateral resistance of pile =
637.065 Kg
4092.2578125 Kg
4729.3228125 Kg
Factor of safety against sliding =
0.1103411892 > 1.5. Hence safe
Check for safety against overturning:Overturning moment about bottom of pile :Due to active earth pressure on wall =
Due to active earth pressure on beam =
Due to active earth pressure on pile =
Total
177854.24
3484.06
3902.6367
185240.94
Kg-m
Kg-m
Kg-m
Kg-m
615.8295
1677.6045
3963.2227
6256.6567
Kg-m
Kg-m
Kg-m
Kg-m
Restoring moment about bottom of pile :Due to passive earth pressure on wall =
Due to passive earth pressure on beam =
Due to passive earth pressure on pile =
Total
0.03 > 1.2 Hence O.K
707.85
1415.7
7314.45
ING WALL)
5.165m
3.865m
3.415m
1.75m
1650Kg/Cum
M15
0.45m
3.20m
3.80m
0.60m
4.40m
0.70m
30
54.6
0
15
0.60m
8000.0Kg/Sqm
Q+q)sin(Q-b)
5965.58Kg/sqm
12108.31Kg/sqm
14623.15Kg/sqm
Lever arm about C
here is no uplift
Moment(Kg-m)
0.83
1.97
2.20
2.20
2.88
3.95
4.25
3.38
3443.72
25083.85
12038.40
16262.40
25283.14
7557.04
9603.62
49493.15
148765.32
1.88m
-22811.57
125953.75
inferred that,though the section is safe
Lever arm about C

0.83
1.97
2.20
2.20
0.450
0.150
2.88
3.95
4.25
3.38
Moment(Kg-m)
3443.72
25083.85
12038.40
16262.40
100.24
77.96
25283.14
7557.04
9603.62
49493.15
148943.52
f action of resultant
Lever arm about C

0.58m
1.88m
Moment(Kg-m)
2107.57
-22811.57
128239.52
here is no uplift
inferred that,though the section is safe
Kg/sqm
Kg/sqm
Kg/sqm
DESIGN OF FLY WINGS

Data:Height of Fly wing wall =
Density of back fill soil&material in toe portion =
Grade of concrete =
Grade of steel =
Ground water Table level =
Surcharge over the back fill in terms of height of back fill =
Undrained Cohesion ( c) =
Permissible compressive stress in bending for M20 Concrete (c)=
Permissible tensile stress in bending for Fe 415 steel (t)=
Length of the wing wall proposed =
Dimensions of the Fly wing(Assumed for preliminary design):Thickness of wing at support =
Thickness of wing at end =
Ka =
Sin(a+Q)
sina
sin(a-q)
sin(Q+q)sin(Q-b)
sin(a+b)

Ka =
0.3
Hence,maximum pressure at the bottom of the wall
Pa =
The pressure distribution along the height of the wall is as given below:Pressure due to
Surcharge load =
324
324
3.865m
2087.10
Total Active earth pressure force =
5285.58
1.44m
The active earth pressure acts on the wall as shown below:-
0.50
15
1.44m
3.865
90
0.50

Design of wall :Factored bending moment Mu =

23932.78Kgm
Mu/0.138fckb =
500.00mm

Mu/bd2 =
263.38mm
452.00mm
1.171

1563.92sqmm

0.346
1607.68sqmm
Check for shear:Percentage of tension steel =
0.36
Maximum shear force on the member =

Factored Design shear force =
127.64KN
191.46KN
Nominal shear stress tv =Vu/bd =
0.42 N/sqmm
Hence section is safe from shear strength point of view

0.42 N/sqmm > 0.42
Area required =
420.00sqmm
Provide 10mm dia @ 150mm c/c on earthen side

Provide 10mm dia @ 150mm c/c on other side in both directions
The reinforcement detailing is shown in the drawing
Check for serviceability:For cantilever walls,the span to effective depth ratio is
From Fig.4 of IS:456-2000, f s =
0.58fy x Area of cross-section of steel required

Area of cross-section of steel provided
The stress level is
234.15N/sqmm
For percentage of tension steel provided is
0.36
The modification factor for ratio of span to effective depth is

Hence,the ratio is
The effective depth required =
1.5
10.5
0.24 <0.452
(Actually provided)
3.865m
3.865m
0.00m
1800Kg/Cum
M25
Fe415
30
90
0
15
0.60m
25N/sqmm
415N/sqmm
2.50m
0.50m
0.20m
n(Q+q)sin(Q-b)
2087.10Kg/sqm
5105.66Kg/m
1367.33Kg/m
<2.8 N/sqmm(As per Table

20 of 1S 456)
eel required
eel provided
ally provided)
Hydraulic design
Hydraulic Particulars:1.Full supply Level
2.200
2.Ordinary Flood level

3.Lowest Bed level
0.250
4.Average bed slope

(1 in 15000)
0.000067
5.Rugosity Coefficient(n)
(As per table 5 of IRC:SP 13)
0.025
6.Vertical clearence proposed

(As per clause 15.5 of IRC:SP 13&as per profile)
0.600
6.Bottom of deck proposed

(MFL+Vertical clearence)
2.800
7.Road Crest level

(Bottom of deck level+thickness of deck slab)
3.665
8.Width of carriage way
5.500
Discharge Calculations:1)From the data furnished by the Irrigation Department:Design discharge =
6.690Cumecs
2)Area Velocity method:Depth of flow w.r.t HFL =
1.950m
Bed width =
4.50m
Assuming side slopes 1:1.5 in clayey soils,top width at HFL =

Wetted Area =
11.63sqm
Wetted perimetre =
10.02m
Hydraulic Radius
R=
Velocity V =
1/nX(R2/3XS1/2)
Discharge Q =
AXV
Design Discharge =
Design Velocity =
7.425m
Total area/Wetted perimeter =
1.16
0.36m/sec
4.19Cumecs
6.690Cumecs
0.337m/sec
Ventway Calculations(H.F.L Condition):Assuming the stream to be truly alluvial,the regime width is equal to linear waterway required for the drain.
Hence,as per Lacey's silt theory,the regime width W = 4.8Q 1/2 = 4.8*6.690.5 =
12.42m
The actual top width is much less than the above regime width.Hence,the stream is quasi-alluvial in nature.
As per IRC:SP--13,the ventway calculations for quasi-alluvial streams are as given below:-
Assuming afflux =
x =
Width of channel at H.F.L(b+h) =
Clear span =
Effective linear water way =
di =
Depth of flow =
0.15m
7.43m
10.00m
10.00m
1.95m
Head due to velocity of approach =
(Vmax2/2g)X[di/(di+x)]2
0.005m
Combined head due to Velocity of approach and

afflux
hi =
0.155m
Velocity through vents
0.90X(2ghi)1/2 =
Vv =
Linear water way required
LWW = Qd/(VvXdi) =
No.of vents required =
LWW /LC
1.57m/sec
2.19m
0.219
Say---1 Vent
In alluvial streams,the actual width of the stream should not be reduced,as it results in enhanced scour
depth and expensive training works.
Hence No.of vents required as per the width of the stream at H.F.L=
0.7425
No.of vents to be provided
1Nos
No.of piers =
0Nos
Scour Depth Calculations:As per the clause 101.1.2 of IRC:5--1985,the design discharge should be increased by 30% to ensure adequate
margin of safety for foundations and protection works
Hence,the discharge for design of foundations =
1.30XDesign Discharge =
Lacey's Silt factor ' f ' = 1.76Xm1/2(For normal silt) =

Discharge per metre width of foundations = q =
Normal scour depth D = 1.34(q2/f)1/3 =
Maximum scour depth Dm = 1.5XD =
Depth of foundation = Dm + Max.of 1.2m or 1/3 Dm =
Bottom level of foundation =
Depth of foundation below low bed level =

The Minimum Safe Bearing capacity of the soil is considered as 80 KN/m2 at a depth of 1.75m below LBL
Hence open foundation in the form of raft is proposed at a depth of 1.75m below LBL,ie,at a level of
Cut-off walls and aprons are not required from scour depth point of view
uvial in nature.
ced scour
o ensure adequate
8.90Cumecs
1.00
0.89
1.24m
1.86m
3.06m
-0.86m
1.110m
-1.500m

Design of 10m Span RCC Slab Culvert

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Design of 10m Span RCC Slab Culvert

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Construction of 10.

00mts span culvert on Nathalova Drain at Saripalli

n of 10.00mts span culvert on Nathalova Drain at Saripalli

Deck slab length

Width of the carriage way

Thickness of deck slab as per MOST Dg.BD 3-74

Thickness of wearing coat

Thickness of dirt wall

Sectional area of dirt wall

Thickness of RAFT footing

Top width of abutments

Bottom width of abutments

Sectional area of abutment section

Bank side batter of abutment

Stream side batter of abutment

Width of 1st footing

Thickness of 1st footing

Canal side offset of 1st footing wrt abutment

Bank side offset of 1st footing wrt abutment

Width of 2nd footing

Thickness of 2nd footing

Canal side offset of 2nd footing wrt abutment

Bank side offset of 2nd footing wrt abutment

Width of 3rd footing

Thickness of 3rd footing

Canal side offset of 3rd footing wrt abutment

Bank side offset of 3rd footing wrt abutment

Width of VRCC RAFT footing

Thickness of VRCC RAFT footing

Unit weight of RCC (yrc)

Unit weight of PCC (ypc)

Density of back fill soil behind abutments (y)

Unit weight of water (yw)

(As per hydralic calculations)

Angle of shearing resistance of back fill material(Q)

Angle of face of wall supporting earth with horizontal(In

Slope of back fill (b)

Angle of wall friction (q)

Height of surcharge considered (h3)

Road crest level (RTL)

Low bed level (LBL)

High flood Level (HFL)

Compressive strength of concrete for RCC Raft footing

Yield strength of steel (fy)

ii)Self wieght of dirtwall over abutment =

iii)Self weight of wearing coat =

v)Self wieght of top footing =

vi)Self wieght of 2nd footing =

vii)Self wieght of 3rd footing =

viii)Self wieght of 4th footing =

ix)Calculation of eccentricity of self weight of abutment w.r.t base of abutment

Distance of centroid of load from toe of

Eccentricity wrt centre of base of abutment =

Distance of centroid of load from toe of 1st

Location of resultant from toe of abutment =

Eccentricity wrt centre of 1st footing=

Distance of centroid of load from toe of 2nd

Location of resultant from toe of abutment =

Distance of centroid of load from toe of 3rd

Location of resultant from toe of abutment =

Ground Contact Area

Hence,the width of area to be loaded with 5KN/m2 on left side is (f) =

Similarly,the area to be loaded on right side (k) =