Pipeline Cathodic Protection Design

Project n - Unit Doc.
type
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Code
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Serial n Rev.
101
Page
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VIETNAM OIL AND GAS CORPORATION ( PETROVIETNAM )

DUNG QUAT REFINERY (DQR) PROJECT
PIPELINE CP DESIGN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................3
2.0
SUMMARY OF RESULTS .........................................................................................................................................4
3.0
DESIGN PARAMETERS............................................................................................................................................6
4.0
METHOD OF ANALYSIS ..........................................................................................................................................8
5.0
CONCLUSION...........................................................................................................................................................14
6.0
REFERENCES ...........................................................................................................................................................15
APPENDIX A COMPUTER PRINTOUTS

ANODE SIZING CALCULATIONS
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PIPELINE CP DESIGN
1.0
INTRODUCTION
This calculation note presents the offshore pipeline external corrosion protection design for the two of 30-inch crude
oil carbon steel insulated pipeline from the Pipeline End Manifold (PLEM) system located on the seabed below the
Single Point Mooring (SPM) buoy to the landfall (up to KP 3.960) as part of the Dung Quat Refinery Project.
The scope of work includes:
1.1
i.
Determining the type of anti-corrosion coating required for pipeline against external corrosion throughout its
design life.
ii.
Design of aluminium sacrificial bracelet anodes required for the pipeline against external corrosion for the
design life of 20 years.
ABBREVIATIONS
CP
CPR
ID
KP
OD
3LPP
Thk.
yrs
8474L-082-CN-3533-101-0.doc
Cathodic Protection
Crack Propensity Ratio
Inside Diameter
Kilometre Point
Outer Diameter
3 Layer Polypropylene
Thickness
years
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PIPELINE CP DESIGN
2.0
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
2.1
EXTERNAL ANTI-CORROSION COATING

The selected external anti-corrosion coating system for the 30-inch pipeline from the Pipeline End Manifold (PLEM)
system to the landfall is presented in Table 2.1.1.
Table 2.1.1
2.2
External Anti-Corrosion Coating System
Section
Type of Anti-Corrosion Coating
KP 0.0-3.200
2.5 mm thick 3LPP
CATHODIC PROTECTION
The pipeline cathodic protection requirements for the 30-inch pipeline from the Pipeline End Manifold (PLEM)
system to the landfall are presented in Table 2.2.1.
Table 2.2.1
Description
Anode Type
Anode Inside
Diameter
Anode Outside
Diameter
Anode
Thickness
Anode Length
Net Weight /
Pair (Note 1)
Spacing
(Pipe Joint)
Total Anode
Quantity (for 2
lines)
Total Net
Weight
Crack
Propensity
Ratio (Note 2)
Anode
Material
Notes:
Cathodic Protection Requirements for Pipeline
Unit
KP 0.0 KP 1.390
KP 1.390 KP 2.000
KP 2.000 KP 2.610
KP 2.610 KP 3.200
I (Submerged)
II (Submerged)
II (Buried)
III (Buried)
832.6 (Note 4)
mm
mm
942.60
982.60
1042.60
mm
60.0
80.0
110.0
mm
361.41
369.62
433.37
kg
140.0
200.0
340.0
12
set
20
10
14
12
kg
2800.0
2000.0
2800.0
4080.0
1.13
0.46
Aluminium-Indium Alloy Bracelet
0.20
(Half-Shell Type)
1.
One (1) pair of anode is made up of two (2) pieces of half-shell bracelet anode.
2.
Crack Propensity Ratio (CPR) is a measure of the ratio of anodes length, diameter and thickness. A CPR
value of less than 5 will ensure a lesser probability for the occurrence of cracks in the anodes.
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PIPELINE CP DESIGN
2.3
3.
Vendor shall propose steel core dimensions and shall include in their calculations.
4.
Positive tolerance on OD of pipe (3mm) and 0.1mm thick coating inside the anode has been considered in
anode ID calculation.
INSULATION JOINTS
Monolithic insulation joints have been considered at the following location.
One each at the shore line on 30-inch pipelines between onshore and offshore pipeline section.
One each on the 30-inch onshore pipeline at the transition of above ground to below ground at pig
launcher/receiver station.
This report addresses only design of Cathodic Protection System of offshore pipelines. Cathodic Protection design
for onshore pipelines will be carried out by others.
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PIPELINE CP DESIGN
3.0
DESIGN PARAMETERS
3.1
DESIGN DATA
Unless otherwise stated, the design data are as per Crude Oil Pipeline Design Basis [Ref. 1] and the requirements of
DNV RP B401 [Ref. 3]
Table 3.1.1
Design Parameters for Cathodic Protection Design
Description
KP0.000
KP1.390
Unit
KP 1.390
KP 2.000
KP 2.000
KP 2.610
KP 2.610
KP 3.200
Pipeline Data
Pipeline OD
mm
762.0
Pipeline Wall Thickness
mm
15.9
Segment Length
Corrosion Coating Type

Corrosion Coating Thk.
Insulation Thickness (HDPU)
Insulation Density
Outer Case Thickness (HDPE)
Outer Case Density
1390
610
3LPP
mm
mm
kg/m3
mm
kg/m3
2.5
Concrete Coating Thk.
mm
Design Life
yrs
610
590
80.0
110.0
23.0
180.0
8.2
940
60.0
80.0
20 (Note 8)
Anode Data
Anode Thickness (Note 2)
Bracelet Gap Width
Density of Anode
Closed Circuit Potential
Driving Potential Difference
Anode Design Temperature (Note 3)
Anode Current Capacity (Note 4)
Anode Material Type
Current Density
at 25oC (Note 5)
Coating
Breakdown
Factor (Note 6)
mm
55.0
75.0
75.0
mm
kg/m3
100.0
-1.05 (w.r.t Ag/Ag/Cl)
volts
2730
0.25
0.15
32
Ahr/kg
2176.0
Aluminium-Indium Alloy
2
Initial
Mean
mA/m
mA/m2
157.0
27.0
77.0
27.0
Final
mA/m2
97.0
27.0
Initial
1.00
Mean
5.00
Final
7.00
Anode Utilization Factor
0.80
Surrounding Resistivity
Resistivity (Note 7)
Ohm-m
8474L-082-CN-3533-101-0.doc
105.0
0.21 (Seawater)
1.00 (Soil)
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PIPELINE CP DESIGN
Notes:
1.
The anode shall be designed to employ the factory limitations for producing the anode.
2.
Selected anode thickness is 5mm lower than the corresponding concrete coating thickness.
3.
The design temperature is taken as maximum seabed temperature.
4.
Anode electrochemical efficiency shall be determined by the following formula as recommended by DNV
RP B401:
Efficiency = 2500 27 [Anode Temperature (C) 20] Ahr/kg
Assuming anode efficiency is 2500 Ahr/kg at 20C.
5.
The current density has been increased by 1 mA/m2 for each 1oC that outside steel temperature exceeds
25oC.
6.
The coating breakdown factors due to ageing of coating during design time are calculated in accordance
with DNV RP B401. Since coating break down factor due to damage is very small, those are ignored.
7.
As per DNV RP B401, soil resistivity has been considered five times of seawater density (for sandy soil).
8.
Though the pipeline mechanical design life is 60 years, pipeline cathodic protection is designed to 20 years
in accordance with the requirement 8474L-000-JSD-1600-008 [Ref. 5]
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PIPELINE CP DESIGN
4.0
METHOD OF ANALYSIS
4.1
ANTI-CORROSION COATING SELECTION CRITERIA

The selection of the external coating system for the pipeline has been made taking into considerations cost, fit for
purpose, project specification requirements [Ref. 1] and at the same time satisfying the following criteria:
4.2
Maximum pipeline operating temperature
Coating impact resistance
Cathodic disbonding
Concrete coating suitability (for concrete coated pipe)
Field joint coating material and its compatibility with the proposed coating
Field experience
CATHODIC PROTECTION ANALYSIS

The external corrosion coating provides passive protection to the pipeline against corrosive actions of seawater.
However, this may still be subjected to breakdown due to harsh environment, incorrect pipe handling and others,
exposing the surface of the pipe to corrosion. An active protection mechanism, in the form of anodes, shall be
provided to supplement the FBE coatings as a corrosion protection measure. The provision of anodes is discussed in
the following section.
The cathodic protection (CP) analysis is performed to determine the dimensions and quantity of sacrificial bracelet
anode required to protect the pipeline against external corrosion throughout its design life.
The following sections describe the methodology and governing equations for the CP design. Aluminum based
material have been selected for the anode.
Calculations have been performed using TPGMs in-house computer program Anode-B401 Version 3 [Ref. 4].
This program calculates the number of anode for cathodic protection in accordance with the requirements of DNV
RP B401 [Ref. 3].
4.2.2
CALCULATION OF REQUIRED NUMBER OF ANODES

Calculation of the number of anodes shall satisfy four criteria:
a) The number of anodes required to initially polarize the pipeline.
b) The number of anodes required to provide the maintenance current throughout the life of the design.
c)
The number of anodes required to provide adequate protection on the final day of the design life.
d) Maximum allowable anode spacing.
4.2.2.1 Total Surface Area of Pipeline (Ac)

Ac
x D x Ltot
=
=
Pipeline outside diameter

Pipeline segment length
Where,
D
Ltot
8474L-082-CN-3533-101-0.doc
(Eq. 4.2.2.1.1)
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PIPELINE CP DESIGN
4.2.2.2 Anode Inside Diameter (Dia)
Dia
D + 2 tC
(Eq. 4.2.2.2.1)
=
=
Pipeline outside diameter

Pipe corrosion coating thickness
Where,
D
tC
4.2.2.3 Anode Outside Diameter (Doa)

Doa
Dia + 2 ta
(Eq. 4.2.2.3.1)
=
=
Anode inside diameter

Anode thickness
Where,
Dia
ta
4.2.2.4 Anode Length (La)

Required anode length based on the weight and diameter of the anode specified in design,
La
Ma
Da Dia t a + t a2 2b t a
cos sin 1
(Eq. 4.2.2.4.1)
b/2
Dia /2
Where,
Ma
ta
=
=
Assumed mass of each anode (net)

Anode thickness
Side gap width of anode
Da
Dia
=
=
Anode material density

4.2.2.5 Anode Surface Area at Initial Life (Aai)

With the defined dimensions, anode surface area at the start of design life, Aai can be found by:
Aai
1 b/2
DoaLa 2 La oa 2 sin
2
D oa /2 180
=
=
=
Anode outside diameter

Anode length
Where,
Doa
La
b
8474L-082-CN-3533-101-0.doc
(Eq. 4.2.2.5.1)
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PIPELINE CP DESIGN
4.2.2.6 Anode Surface Area at End of Life (Aaf)
With the defined dimensions, anode surface area at the end of design life, Aaf can be found by:
D + 2t (1 u )
b
/
2
1
ia
a
.
A af = [Dia + 2t a (1 u)]L a 2L a
. 2 sin
D ia + 2t a (1 u) 180
2
(Eq. 4.2.2.6.1)
Where,
Dia
Anode utilization factor
La
Anode length
ta
Anode thickness
4.2.2.7 Anodes Required To Initially Polarize The Pipeline

Initial anode current output =
(Eq. 4.2.2.7.1)
0.315x
A ai
Where,
E
Aai
=
=
=
Potential difference between anode and the linepipe protection

Resistivity of surrounding
Anode surface area at initial of life
4.2.2.8 Anodes Required To Protect The Pipeline At The End Of Life

Final anode current output
E
0.315X
(Eq. 4.2.2.8.1)
A af
Where,
E
Aaf
=
=
=
Potential differences between anode and the linepipe protection

Resistivity of surrounding
Anode surface area at end of life
4.2.2.9 Total Number of Anodes Required To Polarize The Pipeline
Number of anodes (N)
8474L-082-CN-3533-101-0.doc
i ci A c fci
Iai 1000
(Eq. 4.2.2.9.1)
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PIPELINE CP DESIGN
Where,
ici =
Ac =
Initial current density; Current required to polarize an unprotected pipeline located on sea
bottom
Total surface area of pipeline segment
fci
Initial coating breakdown factor
Iai
Initial anode current output
4.2.2.10 Anodes Required To Provide The Maintenance Current

Number of anodes (N) =
icm A c fcm t f 8760

1000 uMa
(Eq. 4.2.2.10.1)
Where,
icm
Maintenance current density; The current density required maintaining

protection on the pipeline.
Ac
Surface area
tf
Design life
fcm
Mean coating breakdown factor
Anode electrochemical capacity
=
=
Utilization factor
Ma
Assumed mass of each anode (net)
4.2.2.11 Anodes Required To Protect The Pipeline At The End Of Life
Number of anodes (N)
i cf A c fcf
Iaf 1000
(Eq. 4.2.2.11.1)
Where,
icf
8474L-082-CN-3533-101-0.doc
Final current density. The current density required maintaining protection on the
pipeline under end of life operating conditions.
Ac
Surface area
fcf
Iaf
Final coating breakdown factor
Initial current output per anode
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PIPELINE CP DESIGN
4.2.3
ANODES SPACING
The anodes shall be evenly spaced along the pipeline. For pipelines with inlet product temperatures in excess of
45C, closer spacing of the anodes until the product has cooled to less than 45C is acceptable. The spacing shall not
exceed the minimum allowable spacing. The anode spacing, Sm (in meters) can be found by:
Sm
L tot
Max (Nmean , N final )
(Eq. 4.2.3.1)
Where,
Ltot
Nmean
Nfinal
=
=
=

Number of anodes to meet mean current demand
Number of anodes at final design life
The number of spacing in pipe joints is given by:
S jo int s =
Sm
SLL
(Eq. 4.2.3.2)
Where,
Sm
SLL
=
=
Anode spacing
Standard linepipe length per joint
The recommended anode spacing, SR, is the calculated number of spacing in pipe joint, Sjoints rounded down to an
integer.
To obtain the recommended anode quantity, NR, the following equation is used:
NR
L tot
SLL S R
(Eq. 4.2.3.3)
Where,
Ltot
SLL
SR
=
=
=

Standard linepipe length per joint
Recommended anode spacing
The recommended anode quantity is rounded up to the next integer to get a whole number.
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PIPELINE CP DESIGN
4.2.4
CRACK PROPENSITY RATIO (CPR)

Crack Propensity Ratio (CPR) is used to adjust the ratio of anode length, diameter and thickness so that the anode
will be manufactured with lesser probability of cracks. It is advised to design anode of which CPR value is 5 or less.
CPR
x L a x D ia
5 x ta
(Eq. 4.2.3.4)
Where,
La
Dia
ta
4.2.5
=
=
=
Anode length
Anode inner diameter
Anode thickness
COATING BREAKDOWN FACTORS

The coating breakdown factor specified the amount of damage that is expected to occur to the pipelines corrosion
coating at various stages of the pipelines life. The breakdown factor is determined by the type of coating, predicted
operating temperature of the pipeline, whether the pipeline is concrete coated and an estimation of the amount of
physical damage that will occur to the pipeline.
4.2.6
ANODE ELECTROCHEMICAL EFFICIENCY

The performance of a sacrificial anode material is dependent on its actual chemical composition. At increased
temperatures, the self-corrosion of the anodes is greater and therefore their efficiency decreases. In practice, the
theoretical capacity of sacrificial anodes is not fully available for cathodic protection. Refer to Section 6.6 of DNV
RP B401 [Ref. 3] for further details.
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PIPELINE CP DESIGN
5.0
CONCLUSION
The selection of external anti-corrosion coating system is made in view of the following criteria:
Subsea Pipeline
The 3LPP coating is selected for the subsea section of this concrete coated 30-inch pipeline.
The requirements of sacrificial bracelet anode are determined to satisfy the following criteria:
i)
The number of anodes required to initially polarize the pipeline.
ii)
The number of anodes required to provide the maintenance current throughout the design life of the pipeline.
iii)
The number of anodes required to re-polarize the pipeline if such layers are partly and periodically damaged
at final of design life.
i)
The maximum allowable anode spacing.
ii)
Ease of installation.
As a conclusion, the pipeline external corrosion protection design consists of passive corrosion protection system
via the coating of the pipeline and active corrosion protection in form of cathodic protection system, as presented
in Table 2.2.1, can sufficiently protect the pipeline for the design life of 20 years.
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PIPELINE CP DESIGN
6.0
REFERENCES
1.
Crude Oil Pipeline Design Basis

Doc. No.: 8474L-082-JSD-3500-001
2.
Concrete Coating Thickness

Doc. No.: 8474L-082-CN-3531-002
3.
DNV RP B401
Cathodic Protection Design (1993)
4.
Technical User Manual and Validation Report

ANODE-B401 Computer Program for Cathodic Protection of Submarine Pipeline
Doc. No.: PL/TM/VR/07
5.
Internal and External Cathodic Protection.

Doc. No.: 8474L-000-JSD-1600-008
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PIPELINE CP DESIGN
APPENDIX A
COMPUTER PRINTOUTS
ANODE SIZING CALCULATIONS
ANODE_DUNGQUAT
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Page
E-ANODE
Version 3.0 (04/03/2005)
1
2
3
4
PIPELINE CATHODIC PROTECTION REQUIREMENT

PROJECT :
DUNG QUAT REFINERY PROJECT
LINE :
30" PIPE (60mm THK CONCRETE COATING) KP 0.000-1.390(On the seabed)
BASIS OF DESIGN : The calculation is as per DnV-RP-B401(1993) with spacing requirement.
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
DESCRIPTIONS
INPUT:
Pipeline Outside Diameter
Pipeline Segment Length
Corrosion Coating Thickness + Insulation Thickness
Resistivity of Linepipe Material
Anode Thickness
Anode Material
Anode Material Density
Assumed Anode Mass (Net)
Resistivity of Surrounding
Side Gap Width of Anode
Potential Difference Between Anode And Linepipe
Standard Linepipe Length per Joint
Design Life
SYMBOLS
DATA
D
d
Ltot
tc
Me
ta
UNIT
762.00 mm
15.9 mm
1390.00 m
33.7 mm
2.00E-07 Ohm-m
55.00 mm
3
2730.00 kg/m
Da
Ma
b
E = Eco - Eao
SLL
tf
140.00
0.21
100.00
0.25
12.20
20
kg
Ohm-m
mm
volts
m
Years
23
24
Current Density :
Initial
o
At 32 C
Mean
25
At 32 C
Final
26
ici
2
157.00 mA/m
icm
2
77.00 mA/m
icf
97.00 mA/m
27
28
Coating Breakdown Factor :
29
30
Initial
Mean
Final
0.01
0.05
0.07
fci
fcm
fcf
31
32
33
34
Anode Electrochemical Efficiency

2176.00 A-hr/kg
0.80
35
40
OUTPUT:
Surface Area of Pipeline Segment
Anode Inside Diameter
Anode Outside Diameter
Anode Length (Based on Net Mass)
Ac
Dia
Doa
La
41
Anode Surface Area at Initial of Life
Aai
2
0.9942 m
42
Anode Surface Area at End of Life

Initial Current Output per Anode
Final Current Output per Anode
Initial Current Demand
Mean Current Demand
Final Current Demand
Maximum Allowable Anode Spacing
Aaf
Iai
Iaf
Ici
Icm
Icf
s
0.8942
3.77
3.57
5.22
12.81
22.59
12.00
36
37
38
39
43
44
45
46
47
48
3327.51
829.40
939.40
361.41
mm
mm
mm
m2
Amps
Amps
Amps
Amps
Amps
joints
49
50
51
Number of Anodes Required (N)

Initial
Maintenance
Final
Calculated Anode Spacing (S)

(m)
Joints
Recommended Anode
Spacing (Joints)
Quantity (Nos.)
52
53
1.39
9.21
6.32
150.93
12.37
12.00
54
55
CRACK PROPENSITY RATIO, CPR =
56
57
REMARKS:
1.13
< 5
OK
10
E-ANODE
Version 3.0 (04/03/2005)
1
2
3
4

PROJECT :
LINE :
30" PIPE (80mm THK CONCRETE COATING) KP 1.390-2.000(On the seabed)
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
DESCRIPTIONS
INPUT:
Anode Thickness
Anode Material
Design Life
SYMBOLS
DATA
D
d
Ltot
tc
Me
ta
UNIT
762.00 mm
15.9 mm
610.00 m
33.7 mm
2.00E-07 Ohm-m
75.00 mm
3
2730.00 kg/m
Da
Ma
b
E = Eco - Eao
SLL
tf
200.00
0.21
100.00
0.25
12.20
20
kg
Ohm-m
mm
volts
m
Years
23
24
Current Density :
Initial
o
At 32 C
Mean
25
At 32 C
Final
26
ici
2
157.00 mA/m
icm
2
77.00 mA/m
icf
97.00 mA/m
27
28
29
30
Initial
Mean
Final
0.01
0.05
0.07
fci
fcm
fcf
31
32
33
34

2176.00 A-hr/kg
0.80
35
40
OUTPUT:
Ac
Dia
Doa
La
41
Aai
2
1.0632 m
42

Mean Current Demand
Aaf
Iai
Iaf
Ici
Icm
Icf
s
0.9238
3.90
3.63
2.29
5.62
9.92
12.00
36
37
38
39
43
44
45
46
47
48
1460.28
829.40
979.40
369.62
mm
mm
mm
m2
Amps
Amps
Amps
Amps
Amps
joints
49
50
51

Initial
Maintenance
Final

(m)
Joints
Recommended Anode
Spacing (Joints)
Quantity (Nos.)
52
53
0.59
2.83
2.73
215.62
17.67
17.00
54
55
0.46
< 5
OK
56
57
REMARKS:
RECOMMENDED ANODE SPACING HAS EXCEEDED THE ALLOWABLE ANODE SPACING
E-ANODE
Version 3.0 (04/03/2005)
1
2
3
4

PROJECT :
LINE :
30" PIPE (80mm THK CONCRETE COATING) KP 2.000-2.610(Buried in seabed)
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
DESCRIPTIONS
INPUT:
Anode Thickness
Anode Material
Design Life
SYMBOLS
DATA
D
d
Ltot
tc
Me
ta
UNIT
762.00 mm
15.9 mm
610.00 m
33.7 mm
2.00E-07 Ohm-m
75.00 mm
3
2730.00 kg/m
Da
Ma
b
E = Eco - Eao
SLL
tf
200.00
1.00
100.00
0.15
12.20
20
kg
Ohm-m
mm
volts
m
Years
23
24
Current Density :
Initial
o
At 32 C
Mean
25
At 32 C
Final
26
ici
2
27.00 mA/m
icm
2
27.00 mA/m
icf
27.00 mA/m
27
28
29
30
Initial
Mean
Final
0.01
0.05
0.07
fci
fcm
fcf
31
32
33
34

2176.00 A-hr/kg
0.80
35
40
OUTPUT:
Ac
Dia
Doa
La
41
Aai
2
1.0632 m
42

Mean Current Demand
Aaf
Iai
Iaf
Ici
Icm
Icf
s
0.9238
0.49
0.46
0.39
1.97
2.76
12.00
36
37
38
39
43
44
45
46
47
48
1460.28
829.40
979.40
369.62
mm
mm
mm
m2
Amps
Amps
Amps
Amps
Amps
joints
49
50
51

Initial
Maintenance
Final

(m)
Joints
Recommended Anode
Spacing (Joints)
Quantity (Nos.)
52
53
0.80
0.99
6.03
101.16
8.29
8.00
54
55
56
57
REMARKS:
0.46
< 5
OK
E-ANODE
Version 3.0 (04/03/2005)
1
2
3
4

PROJECT :
LINE :
30" PIPE (110mm THK CONCRETE COATING) KP 2.610-3.200(Buried in seabed)
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
DESCRIPTIONS
INPUT:
Anode Thickness
Anode Material
Design Life
SYMBOLS
DATA
D
d
Ltot
tc
Me
ta
UNIT
762.00 mm
15.9 mm
590.00 m
33.7 mm
2.00E-07 Ohm-m
105.00 mm
3
2730.00 kg/m
Da
Ma
b
E = Eco - Eao
SLL
tf
340.00
1.00
100.00
0.15
12.20
20
kg
Ohm-m
mm
volts
m
Years
23
24
Current Density :
Initial
o
At 32 C
Mean
25
At 32 C
Final
26
ici
2
27.00 mA/m
icm
2
27.00 mA/m
icf
27.00 mA/m
27
28
29
30
Initial
Mean
Final
0.01
0.05
0.07
fci
fcm
fcf
31
32
33
34

2176.00 A-hr/kg
0.80
35
40
OUTPUT:
Ac
Dia
Doa
La
41
Aai
2
1.3283 m
42

Mean Current Demand
Aaf
Iai
Iaf
Ici
Icm
Icf
s
1.0995
0.55
0.50
0.38
1.91
2.67
12.00
36
37
38
39
43
44
45
46
47
48
1412.40
829.40
1039.40
433.37
mm
mm
mm
m2
Amps
Amps
Amps
Amps
Amps
joints
49
50
51

Initial
Maintenance
Final

(m)
Joints
Recommended Anode
Spacing (Joints)
Quantity (Nos.)
52
53
0.69
0.56
5.35
110.36
9.05
9.00
54
55
56
57
REMARKS:
0.20
< 5
OK

Pipeline Cathodic Protection Design

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Pipeline Cathodic Protection Design

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SUMMARY OF RESULTS .........................................................................................................................................4

METHOD OF ANALYSIS ..........................................................................................................................................8

APPENDIX A COMPUTER PRINTOUTS

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EXTERNAL ANTI-CORROSION COATING

External Anti-Corrosion Coating System

Type of Anti-Corrosion Coating

2.5 mm thick 3LPP

Cathodic Protection Requirements for Pipeline

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Design Parameters for Cathodic Protection Design

Pipeline Wall Thickness

Corrosion Coating Type

Concrete Coating Thk.

-1.05 (w.r.t Ag/Ag/Cl)

Anode Utilization Factor

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The design temperature is taken as maximum seabed temperature.

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ANTI-CORROSION COATING SELECTION CRITERIA

Maximum pipeline operating temperature

Coating impact resistance

Concrete coating suitability (for concrete coated pipe)

CATHODIC PROTECTION ANALYSIS

CALCULATION OF REQUIRED NUMBER OF ANODES

d) Maximum allowable anode spacing.

4.2.2.1 Total Surface Area of Pipeline (Ac)

Pipeline outside diameter

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Pipeline outside diameter

4.2.2.3 Anode Outside Diameter (Doa)

Anode inside diameter

4.2.2.4 Anode Length (La)

Assumed mass of each anode (net)

Side gap width of anode

Anode material density

4.2.2.5 Anode Surface Area at Initial Life (Aai)

Anode outside diameter

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Anode inside diameter

Anode utilization factor

Side gap width of anode

4.2.2.7 Anodes Required To Initially Polarize The Pipeline

Potential difference between anode and the linepipe protection

4.2.2.8 Anodes Required To Protect The Pipeline At The End Of Life

Potential differences between anode and the linepipe protection

4.2.2.9 Total Number of Anodes Required To Polarize The Pipeline

Number of anodes (N)

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Initial coating breakdown factor

Initial anode current output