CIV 518S - BEHAVIOUR AND DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES

TUTORIAL NO. 2: Connection Design - Bolts and Tension Members

1. a) The specific load due to snow and associated rain accumulation on roof S is given
by
S = Is [Ss (CbCwCsCa) +Sr]
The building is of Normal category.
Is =

1.0 (ULS)

from Table 4.1.6.2.

0.9 (SLS)
Ss =

1.9 kPa

(Given)

Sr =

0.4 kPa

(Given)

Cb =

0.8

Cl 4.1.6.2.2

Cw =

Cl 4.1.6.2.3

Cs =

Cl 4.1.6.2.5a

Ca =

Cl 4.1.6.2.8

S=

1.92 kPa (ULS)

1.728 kPa (SLS)

Total roof area

= 78 x 20

= 1560 m2

Total snow load on the roof = 1.92 x 1560 = 2995.2 kN (ULS)

= 1.728 x 1560 = 2695.68 kN (SLS)

b)

Load type

Roof

4th floor

3rd floor

2nd floor

Dead load (kPa)

1.75

Live load (kPa)

7.2

7.2

2.4

Snow load (kPa)

1.728

Collateral load(kPa)

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

Cladding load (kPa)

1.5

of the building width = 10m

Sample calculation
For node 1 at roof lel, Dead load = 10 x 1.75 x (10.5./2) = 91.875 kN
For node 2 at roof level, dead load = 10 x 1.75 x ((10.5+4.5)./2) =n 131.25 kN

Similarly, other loads on the nodes for different load types were Calculated and have
been summarized in tables below.
Live load for 4th and 3rd floor = 7.2 kPa
Live load for 2th floor

= 2.4 kPa

Live load for roof level

= 1. 0 kPa

The above values were obtained form, Table 4.1.5.3.

(kN)
dead load
Live
load
Snow load
Collateral load
Cladding load

dead load
Live
load
Snow load
Collateral load
Cladding/faade
load

roof
1.75

1
91.875

2
131.25

3
91.875

4,5,6,7,8,9,10 11
105
91.875

12
131.25

13
91.875

1
1.728
0.2

52.5
90.72
10.5
0

75
129.6
15
0

52.5
90.72
10.5
0

60
103.68
12
0

75
129.6
15
0

52.5
90.72
10.5
0

4th
2

1
60

2
150

3
150

4,5,6,7,8,9,10 11
120
150

12
150

13
60

7.2
0
0.2

216
0
6

540
0
15

540
0
15

432
0
12

540
0
15

540
0
15

216
0
6

90

225

225

180

225

225

90

52.5
90.72
10.5
0

(kN)
dead load
Live
load
Snow load
Collateral load
Cladding/faade
load

3rd
2

1
60

2
150

3
150

4,5,6,7,8,9,10 11
120
150

12
150

13
60

7.2
0
0.2

216
0
6

540
0
15

540
0
15

432
0
12

540
0
15

540
0
15

216
0
6

90

225

225

180

225

225

90

(kN)
dead load
Live
load
Snow load
Collateral load
Cladding/faade
load

2nd
2

1
60

2
150

3
150

4,5,6,7,8,9,10 11
120
150

12
150

13
60

2.4
0
0.2

72
0
6

180
0
15

180
0
15

144
0
12

180
0
15

180
0
15

72
0
6

1.5

45

112.5

112.5

90

112.5

112.5

45

c) In the modelling for the external area, i.e roof, according to Cl 4.1.5.5.2, the critical of live
and snow load was considered. In this case the critical was snow load. So the snow load was
treated as the live load instead of actual live load.

From Table 4.1.3.2.A, for ultimate limit state,

Case 1: 1.4 D
Case 2: 1.25D +1.5L (Note Roof W is applied as L)
Case 3: 1.25D + 0.5L
Case 4: 1.25D + 0.5L
Case 5: 1.0 D+ 0.5L

Note: The collateral loads and cladding loads are defined as dead load in the SAP2000
model.

d) SAP2000 model is shown below. Considering plane of symmetry only half of the truss was
modelled and loads were assigned at the nodes. The model was developed in x-z plane as
plane truss.

Boundary condition at plane of symmetry

In the plane of symmetry, translation the horizontal direction (x direction) was restrained.
Vertical displacement and rotation about y axis is allowed.

Boundary condition at plate girder support location

At the plate girder support location a roller support was provided. That is the vertical
movement in z direction was restrained and horizontal movement in x direction is allowed.
The joint is also allowed to rotate about the y direction.

End condition for top and bottom chord of truss

The top and bottom chords are modelled as frame elements and the mement at the both ends
of the frames were released to make sure there is no moment transfer at the node and in the
members.

End conditions for the vertical and diagonal parts of the truss
The vertical and diagonalparts of the truss are modelled as frame elements and the moment at
the both ends of the frames were released to make sure there is no moment transfer at the
node and in the members.

End condition for hanger type member supporting the floor

The hanger type are modelled as frame elements and the moment at the both ends of the
frames were released to make sure there is no moment transfer at the node and in the
members. So the member will be purely under tension.

End conditions for beams framing into hanger members

The beam framing into hangers are modelled as frame elements and the moment at the both
ends of the frames were released to make sure there is no moment transfer at the node and in
the members.