St2712w Laboratorium

Power Electronics Lab
ST2712
Operating Manual
Ver 1.1
An ISO 9001 : 2000 company
94-101, Electronic Complex Pardesipura,

Indore- 452010, INDIA
Tel : 91-731- 2570301/02, 4211100
Fax: 91- 731- 2555643
E-mail : info@scientech.bz
Website : www.scientech.bz
Toll free No. : 1800-103-5050
ST2712
Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
ST2712
Power Electronics Lab

ST2712
Table of Contents
1.
Safety Instructions
2.
Introduction
3.
Features
4.
Technical Specifications
5.
Functions of Various Blocks
6.
Operating Instructions & Panel Control Description
7.
Experiments
10
Experiment 1
Study of the V-I Characteristics of SCR
11
Experiment 2
Study of the V-I Characteristics of UJT
13
Experiment 3
Study of the V-I Characteristics of MOSFET
15
Experiment 4
Study of the V-I Characteristics of IGBT
17
Experiment 5
Study of the V-I characteristics of DIAC
19
Experiment 6
Study of the V-I Characteristics of TRIAC
21
Experiment 7
Study of the V-I Characteristics of PUT
23
Experiment 8
Study of the Class B Commutation Circuit
25
Experiment 9
Study of the Class C Commutation Circuit
27
Experiment 10
Study of the Class D Commutation Circuit
29
Experiment 11
Study of the Class F Commutation Circuit
31
Experiment 12
Study of R Triggering Circuit
33
Experiment 13
35
Study of RC (Half Wave) Triggering Circuit
Experiment 14
Study of RC (Full Wave) Triggering Circuit
37
Experiment 15
Study of the SCR Triggered by UJT
39
Experiment 16
Study of the SCR Triggered by 555IC
41
Experiment 17
Study of the SCR Triggered by Op-Amp 741IC
43
Experiment 18
Study of the Ramp and Pedestal Triggering Circuit with AntiParallel SCR in AC Load
45
Experiment 19
Study of the UJT Relaxation Oscillator
46
Experiment 20
Study of the Voltage Commutated Chopper
50
Experiment 21
Study of the Bedford Inverter
52
Experiment 22
Study of the Single Phase PWM Inverter using MOSFET and IGBT
54
Experiment 23
Study of the Half Wave Controlled Rectifier with R and RL Load
56
Experiment 24
Study of the Full Wave Controlled mid-point rectifier with R and RL
Load
61
Experiment 25
Study of the Fully Controlled Bridge Rectifier with R and RL Load
65
8.
Data Sheets
71
9.
Warranty
85
10.
List of Accessories
85
11.
List of other Trainers available from us are
86
Safety Instructions
Read the following safety instructions carefully before operating the instrument. To
avoid any personal injury or damage to the instrument or any product connected to it.
Do not operate the instrument if suspect any damage within.
The instrument should be serviced by qualified personnel only.
For your safety :
Use proper Mains cord
: Use only the mains cord designed for this instrument.

Ensure that the mains cord is suitable for your
country.
Ground the Instrument
: This instrument is grounded through the protective

earth conductor of the mains cord. To avoid electric
shock the grounding conductor must be connected to
the earth ground. Before making connections to the
input terminals, ensure that the instrument is properly
grounded.
Observe Terminal Ratings : To avoid fire or shock hazards, observe all ratings and
marks on the instrument.
Use only the proper Fuse
: Use the fuse type and rating specified for this

instrument.
Use in proper Atmosphere : Please refer to operating conditions given in the

manual.
1.
Do not operate in wet / damp conditions.
2.
Do not operate in an explosive atmosphere.
Introduction
ST2712 Power Electronics Lab is useful Trainer to perform Power Electronics
experiments. This trainer is very useful for student to know about the characteristics
of power electronics devices and their applications.
This Trainer is equipped with following blocks for power electronics experiments
DC supply.
AC supply.
Triggering circuit.
Pulse amplifier with Isolation transformer.
Separate Pulse transformer section.
Single phase rectifier firing circuit.
SCR assembly.
Load section.
Power Apparatus section.
RoHS Compliance
Scientech Products are RoHS Complied.
RoHS Directive concerns with the restrictive use of Hazardous substances (Pb, Cd, Cr,
Scientech products are Lead Free and Environment Friendly.
It is mandatory that service engineers use lead free solder wire and use the soldering
Features
Self contained & easy to operate
Functional blocks indicated on board mimic
Solder less breadboard
On board DC` power supply
On board AC power supply
Onboard pulse generator with PWM control, frequency control and duty
cycle control
On board single phase rectifier firing circuit with firing angle control
On board power electronic devices
On board pulse amplifier and isolation transformer section
Load selection
Rotary Switch provided to select the value of the load
Technical Specifications
Size of Breadboard
172.5 mm x 128.5mm
DC Power Supply on board
+5 V, -5 V; 500 mA,
+12V, -12 V; 500 mA
+15 V; 250 mA
+35V; -35V, 250 mA
AC Power Supply on Board
18V-0V-18V
0V-15V
Triggering Circuit on Board
5 gate signal output.

Frequency range: 30Hz to 900Hz
Variable.
Amplitude: 12V.
PWM control of G1, G2, G3 and G4
Duty cycle control of Gate
Signal is 0 to 100%.
Single Phase Rectifier
Firing angle control 0 -180 variables.
Firing Circuit on Board
Four gate signal output with isolation
SCR Assembly
4 SCRs 2P4M, 600V, 2A
Power Devices
IGBT G4BC20S, MOSFET IRF Z44N,

UJT 2N2646, DIAC DB3, TRIAC BT136,
PUT 2N6027, SCR TYN616
Circuit Components on Board
Electrolytic Capacitor 10F, 63V

Electrolytic Capacitor 1F, 63V
Met. Capacitor 0.33F, 63V
Diode 1N4007,
Inductor 220H, 4.7H, 10mH
Pulse transformer on Board
2 nos. PT4502 1:1 and one is PT4503 1:1:1
Load selector
6 load resistances- 47E/7W, 1K/1W, 1K/10W,

270E/5W, 120E/5W, 2K2 /2W
Test points
10 in numbers
Weight
5 Kgs. (approximately)
Dimensions (mm)
W420 x H100 x D255
Power requirement
230V +/- 10%; 50 Hz.
Power consumption
4VA (approximately)
Functions of Various Blocks

DC Power :
This block provides fixed DC output of +5 V and -5 V, +12V and-12V, +15V, +35V
and -35V.
AC Power :
This block provides fixed AC output of 18V-0V-18V and 0V-15V.
Triggering Circuit :
This block generates 4 gate pulses of frequency range 30Hz to 900Hz with PWM
control and frequency control and 1 Gate signal with duty cycle control 0 to 100%.
Single Phase Rectifier Firing Circuit :
This block provides 4 gate and cathode signals with isolation for single phase
controlled rectifiers. Firing angle control using Potentiometer from 0 to 180 degree.
Pulse amplifier and isolation transformer :
This block provides amplification of gate signal and isolation between power circuit
and triggering circuit. In which toggle switch for select 2 or 4 number of outputs with
2 different signals. When we select 4 signals then output is 4 signals with 2 signals are
same but isolated.
SCR Assembly, Power Devices, Circuit Components :
This block provides 4 SCRs, IGBT, MOSFET, PUT, UJT, DIAC, and TRIAC, 3
Diodes 1N4007, and Ele. Cap. 1F/63V, MET. 0.1F/63V and
MET.
Cap.0.33F/63V. Inductors 68mH, 10mH.
Load section :
This block provides different loads 1K/1W, 1K/10W, 120E/5W, 47E/7W, 2K2/2W,
270E/5W. This load is selected by selector switch.
Pulse transformer :
This block provides pulse transformers for circuit isolation. In this block 2
transformers of 1:1 and one is 1:1:1.
Operating Instructions and Panel Control Description

The trainer is equipped with built in DC and AC power supply. When On/Off switch
of the trainer is turned On, the power LED indicates that trainer is On and Various
DC and AC supply are also On.
Frequency potentiometer of triggering circuit is used for varying the frequency of
pulse signals G1, G2, G3, G4 and Gate. PWM potentiometer of triggering circuit is
used to vary the pulse width for inverter circuit. Duty cycle control potentiometer for
varying duty cycle of only Gate signal for speed control using MOSFET.
In the single phase rectifier firing circuit there are gate signals for two groups of
rectifier devices. The firing angle is controlled using firing control potentiometer.
For Bedford inverter and series inverter, amplifier and isolation section is used. In
which for series inverter select two outputs by switch and for Bedford inverter require
four output signals.
The load value of resistance given in manual and select by switch. Then On the
supply otherwise load value is burned see also inductor.
The experiments listed in this manual are only for guidance. The trainees are
expected to apply their skills to modify or correct the circuits wherever required. Pin
diagrams of devices are given in the end of this manual. Use them for proper
connections.
Experiment 1
Objective :
To study and plot the V-I Characteristics of SCR
Equipments Needed :
Equipments
Quantity
1.
Resistance 470E, W
2.
Resistance 2K2, 2W (on board)
3.
SCR TYN 616 (on board)
4.
Potentiometer 5K
Circuit diagram :
Circuit used to plot characteristics of SCR is shown in figure 1.
V.I Characteristics
Figure 1
Procedure :
Make circuit connections as shown in the figure 1 using patch cords.
1.
To plot the V -I characteristics proceed as follows.
2.
Rotate both the potentiometer P1 and P2 in fully counter clockwise direction,

connect voltmeter to point 6 & ground to read VG and at point 3 & ground to
read VAK.
3.
Connect ammeter at point 1 & 2 to indicate the current IA and at point 4 &
5 to indicate the gate current IG.
4.
Switch on the power supply.
5.
Vary potentiometer P2 to set the gate current IG to a lower value (5.6mA,

5.7mA, 5.8mA.).
6.
Increase anode voltage VA gradually by varying potentiometer P1.
7.
Observe the current IA in the anode circuit, It shows almost zero current at the
initial stage
8.
At certain point of positive anode voltage current IA shows sudden rise in

reading & voltmeter reading falls down to almost zero. This action indicates the
firing of SCR.
9.
If this not happens, repeat the procedure from step 5 for slightly higher value of
gate current IG.
10.
Try the various value of gate current to get the firing of SCR.
11.
Keeping gate current constant observe precisely the firing voltage of SCR and
record it in the observation table.
12.
Also record the anode voltage VA & anode current after firing of the SCR.
13.
Plot the graph of VA versus IA.
Observation Table :
S.
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Anode
Voltage
VA
Anode current IA (mA) at constant

value of Gate current
IG = ____mA
IG = ____mA
IG = ____mA
Experiment 2
Objective :
Study of the Characteristic of UJT and Calculate Interbase Resistance and
Intrinsic Standoff Ratio
Equipments Needed :
Equipments
Quantity
1
1.
Resistance 470E, /4W
2.
Potentiometer 5K
3.
UJT 2N2646 (on board)
Circuit diagram :
Circuit used to plot characteristics of Unijunction transistor is shown in figure 2
Emitter Characteristics
Figure 2
Procedure :
Make circuit as shown in the figure 2 using patch cords.
To plot the emitter characteristics proceed as follows:
1.
Rotate both the potentiometer P1 and P2 fully in counter clockwise direction.
2.
Connect voltmeter between test point 6 and ground to read VBB and other
between test point 3 and ground to read VE.
3.
Connect ammeter between point 1 and 2 to measure the emitter current IE

and at point 4 and 5 to measure the base current IB.
4.
5.
Vary potentiometer P2 and set a value of voltage VBB = 5 V.
6.
Increase the emitter voltage VE in steps.
7.
Keep increasing VE until it drops on voltmeter, UJT fires and emitter current
flows rapidly.
8.
Record the corresponding Emitter current for each value of Emitter voltage VE
in an observation table 1.
9.
Repeat the above procedure from step 8 for VBB = 10 V and 15 V.
10.
Plot the graph of VE versus IE with the help of observation table 1.
Observation Table :
S.
No.
Emitter Emitter current IE (mA) at constant value

voltage of output voltage
VE
VBB = 5V
VBB = 10V
VBB = 15V
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Calculations :
1.
Interbase Resistance(Rss)
It is the sum of resistance between base 1 & base2.
RBB = RB1 + RB2
It ranges from 4 to 10 K ohms when Ie = 0.
2.
Intrinsic Stand-off Ratio ()

= RB1 (RB1 + RB2) = RBB1 RBB
It ranges from 0.51 to 0.82.
Experiment 3
Objective :
Study of the Characteristics of MOSFET
Equipments Needed :
Equipment
Quantity
1
1.
2.
Resistance 1K, 1W
3.
4.
Zener diode 5V
5.
Potentiometer 5K
6.
MOSFET IRFZ44N (on board)
Circuit diagram :
Circuit used to plot characteristics of MOSFET is shown in figure 3
Drain Characteristics
Figure 3
Procedure :
To plot drain characteristics proceed as follows:
1.
Connect the circuit on the breadboard as shown in figure
2.
3.
Connect point 1 and 2 and connect ammeter between point 4 and 5.
4.
Connect one voltmeter between point 6 and ground to measure drain voltage
VDS other voltmeter between point 3 and ground to measure gate voltage VGS.
5.
Switch On the power supply.
6.
Vary potentiometer P2 and set a value of gate voltage VGS at some constant
value (3 V, 3.1 V, 3.2 V)
7.
Vary the potentiometer P1 so as to increase the value of drain voltage VDS from
zero to 35 V in step and measure the corresponding values of drain current ID
for different constant value gate voltage VGS in an observation table.
8.
Rotate potentiometer P1 fully in counter clockwise direction.
9.
Repeat the procedure from step 6 for different sets of gate voltage VGS.
10.
Plot a curve between drain voltage VDS and drain current ID using suitable scale
with the help of observation table. This curve is the required drain
characteristic.
Observation Table :
S.
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Drain Drain current ID (mA) at constant value of

voltage gate voltage
VDS
VGS = 3V
VGS = 3.1V
VGS = 3.2V
Experiment 4
Objective :
Study of the Characteristics of IGBT
Equipments Needed :
Equipment
1.
Quantity
Resistance 25E, 5W
2.
Resistance 1K, /4W
3.
Potentiometer 5K
4.
IGBT G4BC20S (on board)
Circuit diagram :
Circuit used to plot the characteristics of an IGBT is shown in figure 4.
IGBT Characteristics
Figure 4
Procedure :
1.
Rotate the potentiometer P1 fully in clockwise direction and P2 fully in the

counter clockwise direction.
2.
Connect Ammeter between point4 and 5 to measure collector current IC

(mA).
3.
Connect point 1 and 2.
4.
Connect voltmeter between point 3 and ground to measure the Gate voltage
VGE and between point 6 and ground to measure collector voltage VCE.
5.
6.
Vary the potentiometer P1 in counterclockwise direction to set the gate voltage

VGE (between 4.8V and 6.5V).
7.
Vary the potentiometer P2 in clockwise direction so as to increase the value of

collector-emitter voltage VCE from 0 to 35V in step and measure the
corresponding values of collector current IC for different constant value of gate
voltage VGE in an Observation Table 1.
8.
Rotate the potentiometer P2 fully in the CCW direction and potentiometer P1

fully in clock wise direction.
9.
Repeat the procedure from step 6 for different sets of gate voltage VGE.
10.
Plot a curve between collector-emitter voltage current (VCE) and Collector

current IC using suitable scale with the help of observation Table 1. This curve is
the required collector characteristic.
Observation table :
S. No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Collector
Voltage
VCE
Collector current IC (mA) at constant

value of gate voltage VGE(volt)
VGE =
VGE =
VGE =
Experiment 5
Objective :
Study of the Characteristics of DIAC and plot its V-I Characteristics Curve
Equipments Needed :
Equipment
Quantity
1.
Resistance 1K, 1W (on board)
2.
DIAC DB3 (on board)
3.
Potentiometer 5K
Circuit diagram :
Circuit used to plot different characteristics of DIAC is shown in figure 5.
V.I Characteristics
Figure 5
Procedure :
1.
2.
To plot V-I characteristics proceed as follows.
3.
Rotate both the potentiometer P1 fully in counter clockwise direction.
4.
Connect voltmeter across point 3 & ground to read voltage VA.
5.
Connect ammeter between point 1 & 2 to indicate the current IA.
6.
7.
Put the +35 V switch On.
8.
Vary the potentiometer P1 so as to increase the value of DIAC voltage VA and

measure the corresponding values of current IA in an observation table 1.
9.
Plot the curve between + VA and + IA
10.
Rotate potentiometer P1 fully in counter clockwise direction.
11.
Switch Off the power supply.
12.
Put the switch towards -35 V.
13.
14.
Vary the potentiometer P1 so as to increase the value of DIAC voltage VA and

measure the corresponding values of current IA in an observation table.
15.
Plot the curve between VA and - IA.
Observation Table :
Serial
Number
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Diac
Voltage
Va
Diac
Current
Ia
Diac
Voltage
-Va
Diac
Current
-Ia
Experiment 6
Objective :
Study of the V-I Characteristics of TRIAC
Equipments Needed :
Equipment
Quantity
1
1.
2.
3.
TRIAC BT136 (on board)
4.
Potentiometer 5K
Circuit diagram :
Circuit used to plot different characteristics of TRIAC is shown in figure 6.
V.I Characteristics
Figure 6
Procedure :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

To plot the V-I characteristics proceed as follows:
Connect voltmeter between point 6 and ground to read VG and between point
3 and ground to read VA.
Connect one ammeter between point 1 & 2 to indicate the current IA and
other between point 4 & 5 to indicates the gate current IG.
Put the switch towards +35 V.
Vary potentiometer P2 to set the gate current IG to a lower value.
Increase anode voltage VA gradually by varying potentiometer P1.
Observe the current la in the anode circuit, It shows almost zero current at the
initial stage.
11.
If this not happens, repeat the procedure from step 8 slight higher value of gate
current IG.
12.
Try the various value of gate current to get the firing of TRIAC.
13.
Also record the anode voltage VA & anode current after firing of the TRIAC in
table 1.
14.
Rotate potentiometer P1 fully in CCW direction.
15.
Put the switch towards -35 V and repeat from step 6 and note down the reading
in observation table 2.
16.
Plot the graph of -VA versus -IA.
Observation Table 1 :
S.
No.
Anode Anode current Ia (mA) at constant value of

voltage Gate current (when switch is to words 35V)
Va
Ig = __ mA Ig = __ mA
Ig = __ mA
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
S.
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Anode Anode current Ia (mA) at constant value of

voltage Gate current (when switch is to words -35V)
Va
Ig = __ mA Ig = __ mA
Ig = __ mA
Experiment 7
Objective :
Study of the Characteristics of PUT
Equipments Needed :
Equipment
1.
Quantity
1
Resistance 2K5, /4W
2.
Resistance 10K, /4W
3.
4.
PUT 2N 6027 (on board)
5.
Potentiometer 5K
6.
Potentiometer 10K
Circuit diagram :
Circuit used to plot the characteristics of a PUT is shown in figure 7.
V.I Characteristics
Figure 7
Procedure :
To plot characteristics proceed as follows:
1.
Rotate both the potentiometers P1 and P2 fully in the clockwise direction.
2.
Connect Ammeter between point 4 and 5 to measure gate current IG (mA)

and between point 1 and 2 to measure anode current IA (mA).
3.
Connect voltmeter between point 3 and ground to measure the anode voltage
(VA).
4.
Connect voltmeter between point 6 and ground to measure the Gate voltage
VG.
5.
6.
Vary the potentiometer P2 to set a value of gate voltage VG at some constant

value (2.0V, 5.0V, 10V).
7.
Vary the potentiometer P1 so as to increase the value of anode voltage VA from

0 to 15V in step and measure the corresponding values of anode current IA for
different constant value of gate voltage VG in an Observation Table 1.
8.
Rotate the potentiometer P2 fully in the CCW direction.
9.
Repeat the procedure from step 6 for different sets of gate voltage VG.
10.
Plot a curve between anode voltage (VA) and anode current IA using suitable
scale with the help of observation Table 1. This curve is required V-I
characteristic.
Observation Table :
S.
No.
Anode voltage VA, anode current IA and gate current IG at different

gate voltage
VG = 2.0V
VA
IA
VG = 5.0V
IG
VA
IA
VG = 10.0V
IG
VA
IA
IG
Experiment 8
Objective :
Study of Class B Commutation Circuit
Equipments Needed :
Equipment
Quantity
1
1.
Resistance 1K, /4W
2.
Electrolytic Capacitor 2.2F/25V
3.
Inductor 10mH (on board)
4.
SCR 2P4M (on board)
Circuit diagram :
The circuit diagram of class B commutation circuits as follows :
Class-B Commutation Circuit

Figure 8
Procedure :
1.
Connect circuit as shown above figure 8.
2.
Connect Gate of SCR to G1 signal.
3.
4.
Connect oscilloscope across SCR and observe the waveform.
5.
Connect oscilloscope across load resistance and observe waveform.
Waveforms of Class-B Commutation
Figure 9
Experiment 9
Objective :
Study of Class C Commutation Circuit
Equipments Needed :
Equipment
Quantity
1
1.
Resistance 2K2, /4W
2.
MET. CAP. 0.1MFD (on board)
3.
SCR TYN616
Circuit diagram :
The circuit diagram of class C commutation circuits is as follows:
Class C Commutation Circuit

Figure 10
Procedure :
1.
Connect circuit as shown above figure 10.
2.
Connect G1 & G2 signal to gate of SCR.
3.
4.
Connect oscilloscope across SCR and observe waveform.
5.
Connect oscilloscope across load resistance and observe waveform.
Waveforms of Class C Commutation
Figure 11
Experiment 10
Objective :
Study of Class D Commutation Circuit
Equipments Needed :
Equipment
Quantity
1
1.
2.
Met. Cap 0.33 MFD (on board)
3.
SCR 2P4M (on board)
4.
5.
Diode 1N4007 (on board)
Circuit diagram :
The circuit diagram of class D commutation circuits is as follows :
D Commutation Circuit
Procedure :
1.
Make circuit as shown in the figure 12.
2.
Connect G1 & G2 signal to gate of SCR1 & SCR2.
3.
4.
Connect oscilloscope across SCR1& SCR2 and observe waveforms.
Figure 12
Waveforms of Class-D Commutation
Figure 13
Experiment 11
Objective :
Study of Class-F Commutation Circuit
Equipments Needed :
Equipment
Quantity
1.
Resistance 1K,10W (on board)
2.
SCR 2P4M (on board)
Circuit diagram :
The circuit diagram of class D commutation circuits is as follows:
Class D Commutation Circuit

Figure 14
Procedure :
1.
Connect circuit as shown above figure 14 using patch cords.
2.
Connect GR1 signal to gate of SCR.
3.
4.
Vary the firing control pot and observe waveform across load.
5.
Vary the firing control pot and observe waveform across SCR.
Waveform of Class F Commutation
Figure 15
Experiment 12
Objective :
Study of the Resistor Triggering Circuit
Equipments Needed :
Equipment
1.
Quantity
1
Resistance 1K, /4W

1
2.
3.
Potentiometer 1M (on board)
4.
SCR 2P4M (on board)
5.
Circuit diagram :
The circuit diagram for SCR Triggering circuits is as follows:
Resistance Triggering Circuit
Figure 16
Procedure :
1.
Make circuit as shown in the figure 16 using patch cords
2.
Rotate the potentiometer P1 fully in the CW (clockwise direction).
3.
4.
Connect the oscilloscope CHI across the load and observe the Phase angle and
voltage.
5.
Now, connect the oscilloscope probe across the thyristor and observe the
waveform.
6.
Vary the potentiometer slowly; you can see the phase angle variation.
7.
Repeat the experiment from step 5 for various angles and plot the graphs by
T = ( X 10ms) / 180
S.No.
Load
voltage(V)
Phase Angle
()
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Waveforms of R Firing Circuit
Figure 17
Experiments 13
Objective :
Study of the Resistor-Capacitor Triggering Circuit (Half Wave)
Equipments Needed :
Equipment
Quantity
1
1.
Resistance 1K, /4W
2.
Potentiometer 1M (on board)
3.
SCR 2P4M (on board)
4.
Diode 1N4007 (on board )
5.
Met. Cap. 0.1 MFD(on board)
Circuit diagram :
Resistor-Capacitor Triggering Circuit
Figure 18
Procedure :
1.
2.
Rotate the potentiometers P fully in the CCW (Anticlockwise direction).
3.
4.
Connect the oscilloscope probe between the load test point TP3 and TP4 and
observe the Phase angle and voltage.
5.
waveform.
6.
7.
Repeat the experiment from step 5 for various angles and plot the graphs.
T = ( X 10ms) / 180
Observation Table :
S.
No.
Load voltage(V) Phase Angle ()
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Waveforms of RC Half Wave Firing Circuit
Figure 19
Experiment 14
Objective :
Study of the Resistor-Capacitor Triggering Circuit (Full Wave)
Equipments Needed :
Equipment
Quantity
1
1.
2.
3.
SCR 2P4M (on board)
4.
POT 1M (on board)
5.
Ele. Cap 1MFD (on board)
6.
Diode 1N4007
Circuit diagram :
Resistor - Capacitor Triggering Circuit

Figure 20
Procedure :
1.
2.
Rotate the potentiometers P fully in the CW (clockwise direction).
3.
4.
Connect the oscilloscope probe between the load test point TP5 and TP6 and
observe the Phase angle and voltage.
5.
waveform.
6.
7.
Repeat the experiment from step 5 for various angles and plot the graphs.
T = ( X 10ms) / 180
Observation Table :
S. No.
Load voltage (V)
Phase Angle ()
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Waveform of RC Full Wave Firing Circuit

Figure 21
Experiment 15
Objective :
Study of the triggering of SCR using UJT
Equipments Needed :
Equipment
1.
Quantity
1
Resistance 47K, /4W
2.
Resistance 47E, /4W
3.
Resistance 100E, 2W
4.
5.
Potentiometer 5K
6.
Ele. cap 1MFD (on board)
7.
8.
SCR TYN 616(on board)
Circuit diagram :
The circuit diagram for Triggering of SCR using UJT is shown in figure 22.
Triggering SCR using UJT
Figure 22
Procedure :
1.
2.
Connect Ammeter between points3 and 4 to measure Anode-cathode current

IAK (mA).
3.
Connect Ammeter between points 1 and 2 to measure the gate Current IG

(mA).
4.
Connect voltmeter between point 5 and ground to measure the anode-cathode

voltage VAK.
5.
Rotate the potentiometer P1 fully in clockwise direction and P2 fully in the CCW
(counter clockwise direction).
6.
7.
Vary the potentiometer P2 in clockwise direction so as to increase the anode to

cathode voltage. Set this voltage above 11V.
8.
Vary the potentiometer P1 in counterclockwise direction so as to increase the

value of gate current in step and measure the corresponding values of anode to
cathode current IAK in an observation table 1.
9.
Initially there will not be any current flow across the SCR, while varying the
gate current the ammeter connected at point c andd suddenly increases and
the voltmeter connected at point e and ground will suddenly decrease. This
shows that the SCR is triggered.
10.
Now vary the POT1, there will not be any effect in the anode cathode voltage
and current of SCR.
11.
To repeat the experiment switch off the power supply and follow the above
procedure from step 6.
Observation table :
S.
No.
Gate current
IG (mA)
Set VAK = +12V

Anode to cathode
current IAK (mA)
Anode to cathode
voltage VAK (V)
Experiment 16
Objective :
Study of the Triggering of SCR using 555 IC
Equipments Needed :
Equipment
Quantity
1
1.
Resistance 1K, /4W
2.
Resistance 100E, 2W
3.
Resistance 5K, /4W
4.
IC 555 timer
5.
Capacitor 0.01MFD
6.
7.
8.
SCR TYN 616(on board)
9.
Potentiometer 5K
Circuit diagram :
The circuit diagram for Triggering of SCR using 555 IC is as follows:
Triggering of SCR using 555 IC
Figure 23
Procedure :
1.
2.
Connect Ammeter between points 3 and 4 to measure Anode-cathode

current IAK (mA).
3.
Connect Ammeter between points 1 and 2 to measure the gate Current IG

(mA).
4.
Connect voltmeter between point 5 and ground to measure the anodecathode voltage VAK.
5.
Rotate the potentiometer P1 fully in clockwise direction and P2 fully in the

CCW (counter clockwise direction).
6.
7.
Vary the potentiometer P2 in clockwise direction so as to increase the anode to

cathode voltage. Set this voltage above 11V.
8.
Vary the potentiometer P1 in counterclockwise direction so as to increase the

value of gate current in step and measure the corresponding values of anode to
cathode current IAK in an Observation table 1.
9.
Initially there will not be any current flow across the SCR while varying the
gate current the ammeter connected at point 3 and 4 suddenly increases and
the voltmeter connected at point 5 and ground will suddenly decrease. This
shows that the SCR is triggered.
10.
Now vary the POT1, there will not be any effect in the anode cathode voltage
and current of SCR.
11.
To repeat the experiment switch off the power supply and follow the
procedure from step 6.
Observation Table :
Set VAK = +12V
S.
No.
Gate current
IG (mA)
Anode to cathode
current IAK (mA)
Anode to cathode
voltage VAK (V)
Experiment 17
Objective :
Study of the Triggering of SCR using Op-Amp 741 IC
Equipments Needed :
Equipment
Quantity
1
1.
Resistance 10K, /4W
2.
Resistance 120E, 5W (on board)
3.
Zener 10V
4.
SCR TYN 616 (on board)
5.
Potentiometer 5K
6.
IC lm741
7.
Met cap 0.047MFD
Circuit diagram :
The circuit diagram for Triggering of SCR using 74121 IC is shown in below figure
24.
Triggering of SCR using Op-Amp 555 IC
Figure 24
Procedure :
1.
2.
Connect Ammeter between point 3 and 4 to measure Anode-cathode current

IAK (mA).
3.
Connect Ammeter between point 1 and 2 to measure the gate

Current IG (mA).
4.
Connect voltmeter between point 5 and ground to measure the anode-cathode

voltage VAK.
5.
Rotate the potentiometer P1 and P2 fully in the clockwise direction.
6.
7.
Vary the potentiometer P2 in anti clockwise direction so as to increase the anode

to cathode voltage. Set this voltage above 11V.
8.
Vary the potentiometer P1 in clockwise direction so as to increase the value of

gate current in step and measure the corresponding values of anode to cathode
current IAK in an Observation Table 1.
9.
Initially there will not be any current flow across the SCR while varying the gate
current the ammeter connected at point 3 and 4 suddenly increases and the
voltmeter connected at point 5 and ground will suddenly decrease. This shows
that the SCR is triggered.
10.
Now vary the POT1, there will not be any effect in the anodecathode voltage
and current of SCR.
11.
To repeat the experiment switch off the power supply and follow the procedure
from step 4.
Experiment 18
Objective :
Study of the Ramp and Pedestal Triggering using Anti-Parallel SCR in AC Load
Equipments Needed :
Equipment
1.
2.
Quantity
Resistance 220E, 2W
1
Resistance 20K, /4W

1
1
1
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Zener 9V
8.
Potentiometer 10K
9.
10.
SCR 2P4M (on board)
11.
Pulse transformer 1:1:1 (on board)
Circuit diagram :
The circuit diagram of basic anti-parallel SCR in AC load is shown in the below
figure.
Ramp & Pedestal Triggering using Anti - Parallel SCR

Figure 25
Procedure :
1.
2.
Rotate the potentiometer P1 fully in clockwise direction.
3.
Connect the circuit as shown in the figure above using 2mm patch cords.
4.
5.
Connect the oscilloscope and observe the output waveform across the Load
resistor.
6.
Set the firing angle at 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 by varying the pot P1 and
note the reading of output voltage. Angle in time convert using T = ( X 10ms) /
180 .
7.
Observe the output waveform across load and across SCRs at firing angle is 90
and Plot the waveforms.
Observation Table :
S.
No.
Input
AC voltage
(Vrms)
Output across AC load

circuit
Firing angle
(Degree)
Output
voltage
(Vrms)
Waveforms of Ramp and Pedestal Circuit
Figure 26
Experiment 19
Objective :
Study of the UJT Relaxation Oscillator
Equipments Needed :
Apparatus
1.
2.
Quantity
1
Resistance 12K1, /4W

3.
4.
Diode 1N4007
5.
Met. Cap. 0.1MFD (on board)
6.
Circuit diagram :
Circuit diagram of UJT relaxation oscillator is given below :
UJJ Relaxation Oscillator

Figure 27
Procedure :
1.
2.
Rotate the potentiometer P1 fully in clockwise direction.
3.
4.
Connect the oscilloscope CHI between output and ground and CHII between
TP1 and ground and observe the waveform of pulse output and RC time
constant.
5.
Vary the potentiometer P1 in clockwise direction so as to increase the frequency

of the output.
6.
Sketch the waveforms on the paper.
Observation Table :
S.
No.
Minimum
Frequency (Hz)
Maximum
Frequency (Hz)
Waveform of UJT Relaxation Oscillator

Figure 28
Experiment 20
Objective :
Study of the Voltage Commutated Chopper
Equipments Needed :
Equipment
Quantity
1
1.
2.
Met. Cap. 0.33MFD (on board)
3.
Inductor 68mH(on board)
4.
5.
SCR 2P4M (on board)
6.
Circuit diagram :
Circuit diagram of voltage commutated chopper is given below :
Voltage Commutated Chopper

Figure 29
Procedure :
1.
Make circuit connection as shown above figure 29.
2.
Connect G1& G2 to the gate of SCR1 and SCR2.
3.
4.
Vary the PWM Potentiometer in fully clock wise direction.
5.
Vary the frequency pot and observe the output across load and across SCR1&
SCR2.
6.
Observation Table :
S.
No.
Frequency (Hz)
Output voltage
(V)
Waveforms of Voltage Commutated Chopper
Figure 30
Experiment 21
Objective :
Study of the Bedford Inverter
Equipments Needed :
Equipment
Quantity
1.
Resistance 30K, /4W
2.
Met. Cap 1MFD
3.
SCR 2P4M (on board)
4.
Circuit diagram :
Circuit diagram of Bedford inverter is given below :
SCR1, SCR2, SCR3, SCR4 =2P4M

C1, C2, C3, C4, = MET. 1F/25V
D1, D2, D3, D4 = 1N4007
Bedford Inverter
Figure 31
Procedure :
1.
Make circuit connection as shown above figure 31
2.
Connect G1& G2 to the gate of SCR1 and SCR2.
3.
4.
Rotates the PWM Potentiometer in fully clock wise direction.
5.
Vary the frequency pot and observe the output across load and across SCR1&
SCR2.
6.
Observation Table :
S.
No.
Frequency
(Hz)
Output voltage
(V)
Experiment 22
Objective :
Study of the Single Phase PWM Inverter using MOSFET and IGBT
Equipments Needed :
Equipment
Quantity
1.
MOSFET IRFZ 44N
2.
IGBT G4BC20S
3.
Resistance 1K, /4W
4.
Tiny toggle switch 1P-2W
Circuit diagram :
Figure 32
Single Phase PWM Inverter
Figure 33
Procedure :
1.
Make the circuit shown in the figure 32.
2.
Rotate the frequency potentiometer in fully anticlockwise direction and PWM

pot in fully clockwise direction.
3.
4.
Vary the frequency pot and observe waveform across load on oscilloscope.
5.
Set the maximum frequency by frequency pot.
6.
Vary PWM potentiometer and observe output waveform across load and note
the readings of pulse width and corresponding output AC (rms) voltage across
load.
7.
Switch off the power supply.
8.
Make a circuit as shown in the figure 33. And repeat from step 2.
9.
Sketch the waveforms of gate pulse and output pulse across the load.
Observation table :
S.
No.
Pulse width
(ms)
AC output voltage
across load
(MOSFET)
(volts)
Waveform of PWM Inverter
AC output voltage
across load
(IGBT)
(volts)
Figure 34
Experiment 23
Objective :
Study of the Half Wave Controlled Rectifier with Resistive Load
Equipments Needed :
Equipment
Quantity
1.
SCR 2P4M (on board)
2.
3.
4.
Circuit diagram :
The circuit diagram of basic half-wave controlled rectifier is shown in the below
figure 35
Half Wave Controlled Rectifier
Figure 35
Procedure :
Make the circuit shown in the figure 35.
1.
Rotate the firing control pot in full clockwise direction.
2.
Switch On the power.
3.
Measure the ac voltage (Vrms) by voltmeter between point 0V-15V and

calculate Em by Em =1.414 X Vrms.
4.
Switch Off the power.
5.
Connect the circuit of half-wave rectifier as shown figure 36.
6.
7.
Connect the oscilloscope and voltmeter across the load.
8.
Vary the firing control pot and set on 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 firing angles
using T = ( X 10ms) / 180.
9.
Observe the output waveforms and note the readings of voltage across load on
different firing angles.
10.
Observe the waveform across the SCR1 when firing angle is 90.
11.
Calculate the average load IDC current and power PDC from measured load
voltage Vo.
12.
Plot the input signal, gate pulse, and drop signal across SCR and output
waveforms when firing angle is 90.
Sc
ie
nt
ec
h
Te
ch
no
lo
gi
es
P
vt.
58
S
T
27
12
Observation Table :
Input AC Voltage
Firing Angle
Average Output Voltage

Across Load
In
(VRMS)
In
Deg.
Measured
Voltage
(Vo)
S.
No.
In
(VM)
In
Time
(ms)
Calculated
Voltage
(VDC)
Average Load Current

(IDC)
Measured
(Io)
Vo / RL
Calculated
(IDC)
VDC / RL
Average Output Power
Measured
Po
Vo X Io
Calculated
(PDC)
VDC X IDC
Waveform of Half Wave Rectifier with Resistive Load
Figure 36
5
9
Waveform of Half Wave Rectifier with Resistive- Inductive Load

Figure 37
Experiment 24
Objective :
Study of the Full Wave Controlled Rectifier (mid-point configuration) with
Resistive Load.
Equipments Needed :
Equipment
Quantity
1.
SCR 2P4M (on board)
2.
3.
4.
Circuit diagram :
The circuit diagram of basic full wave controlled rectifier (mid- point configuration)
is shown in the below figure 38
Full Wave Controlled Rectifier
Figure 38
Procedure :
Make connections according to figure 38.
1.
Rotate the firing control Potentiometer in full clockwise direction.
2.
3.

4.
5.
Connect the circuit of full-wave controlled rectifier (mid-point configuration) as

shown figure 9 using 2 mm patch cords.
6.
7.
8.
using T = ( X 10ms) / 180.
9.
different firing angle.
10.
Connect the oscilloscope one by one across SCR1 and SCR2 and observe the
waveform when firing angle is 90.
11.
voltage Vo.
12.
waveforms when firing angle is 90.
Sc
ie
nt
ec
h
Te
ch
no
lo
gi
es
P
vt.
63
S
T
27
12
Observation Table :
Input AC Voltage
Firing Angle

Across Load
In
(VRMS)
In
Deg.
Measured
Voltage
(Vo)
S.
No.
In
(VM)
In
Time
(ms)
Calculated
Voltage
(VDC)

(IDC)
Measured
(Io)
Vo / RL
Calculated
(IDC)
VDC / RL
Measured
Po
Vo X Io
Calculated
(PDC)
VDC X IDC
Waveform of Full Wave Rectifier (mid-point) with Resistive Load

Figure 39
6
4
Waveform of Full Wave Rectifier (mid-point) with Resistive-Inductive Load

Figure 40
Experiment 25
Objective :
Study of the Fully Controlled Bridge Rectifier with Resistive Load
Equipments Needed :
Equipment
Quantity
1.
SCR 2P4M (on board)
2.
3.
4.
Circuit diagram :
The circuit diagram of basic fully controlled bridge rectifier is shown in the below
figure 41
Controlled Bridge Rectifier
Figure 41
Procedure :
1.
Rotate the firing control Potentiometer in full clockwise direction.
2.
3.

4.
5.
Connect the circuit of fully-controlled bridge rectifier as shown figure 42 using

2 mm patch cords.
6.
7.
8.
using T = ( X 10ms) / 180 .
9.
different firing angle.
10.
Connect the oscilloscope one by one across SCR1, SCR2, and SCR3 & SCR4
and observe the waveforms when firing angle is 90 respectively.
11.
voltage Vo.
12.
waveforms when firing angle is 90 with resistive and resistive-inductive load.
Sc
ie
nt
ec
h
Te
ch
no
lo
gi
es
P
vt.
68
S
T
27
12
Input AC Voltage
Firing Angle

Across Load
In
(VRMS)
In
Deg.
Measured
Voltage
(Vo)
S.
No.
In
(VM)
In
Time
(ms)
Calculated
Voltage
(VDC)

(IDC)
Measured
(Io)
Vo / RL
Calculated
(IDC)
VDC / RL
Measured
Po
Vo X Io
Calculated
(PDC)
VDC X IDC
Waveform of Full Wave Bridge Rectifier with Resistive Load Figure 42
6
9
Waveform of Full Wave Bridge Rectifier with Resistive - Inductive Load

Figure 43
Data Sheets
Warranty
1.
We guarantee the product against all manufacturing defects for 24 months from
the date of sale by us or through our dealers. Consumables like dry cell etc. are
not covered under warranty.
2.
The guarantee will become void, if

a)
The product is not operated as per the instruction given in the operating
manual.
b)
The agreed payment terms and other conditions of sale are not followed.
c)
The customer resells the instrument to another party.
d)
Any attempt is made to service and modify the instrument.
3.
The non-working of the product is to be communicated to us immediately giving

full details of the complaints and defects noticed specifically mentioning the
type, serial number of the product and date of purchase etc.
4.
The repair work will be carried out, provided the product is dispatched securely
packed and insured. The transportation charges shall be borne by the customer.
List of Accessories
1.
Bread Boards ........................................................................................... 2 Nos.
2.
Connecting Wires .................................................................................. 20 Nos.
3.
2mm to 1mm Patch Cords ..................................................................... 15 Nos.
4.
2mm Patch Cords (Red) .......................................................................... 4 Nos.
5.
2mm Patch Cords (Black)........................................................................ .4 Nos.
6.
2mm Patch Cords (Blue) ....................................................................... 12 Nos.
7.
Mains Cord ................................................................................................1 No.
8.
e-Manual....................................................................................................1
No.
Updated 20-04-2009
List of other Trainers available from us are :

Model
Name
PE01
UJT Characteristics
PE02
MOSFET Characteristics
PE03
SCR Characteristics
PE04
TRIAC Characteristics
PE05
DIAC Characteristics
PE06
PE07
PUT Characteristics
PE10
SCR Triggering (R, RC Full wave, RC Half wave)
PE11
SCR Triggering (UJT)
PE12
SCR Triggering (IC555)
PE13
PE14
Ramp and Pedestal Triggering
PE15
PE16
SCR Triggering (PUT)
PE40
SCR Lamp Flasher
PE41
SCR Alarm Circuit
PE42
Series Inverter
PE43
UJT Relaxation Oscillator
PE44
Single Phase PWM Inverter
ST2701
ST2702
SCR Triggering (R, RC Half wave, RC Full wave)
ST2703
SCR Triggering Techniques
ST2704
Triggering of SCR using 74121 IC
ST2705
SCR Lamp Flasher
ST2706
SCR Alarm Circuit
ST2707
Series Inverter
ST2708
Single Phase Controlled Rectifier (with Ramp Comparator Firing
Scheme)
ST2709
Single Phase Controlled Rectifier (Cosine Firing Scheme)
ST2710
Single Phase Converter Firing Techniques (by TCA 785IC and
Triangular Comparator)
ST2711
Lamp Dimmer
ST2712
Electronics Power Lab
ST2713
Single Phase Cyclo-Converter
ST2714
Speed Control of Universal Motor using SCR
ST2715
Speed Control of AC Motor using TRIAC
ST2716
Microcontroller Based Firing Circuit for Controlled Rectifier
ST2717 SCR Commutation Circuits
ST2718 Bedford & Parallel Inverter
ST2719
Step-Up Chopper
ST2720
Single Phase Bridge Inverter
ST2722
Step-Down Chopper
ST2723
AC Chopper

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Power Electronics Lab

An ISO 9001 : 2000 company

94-101, Electronic Complex Pardesipura,

Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

Power Electronics Lab

Functions of Various Blocks

Operating Instructions & Panel Control Description

Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

Study of RC (Half Wave) Triggering Circuit

List of other Trainers available from us are

: Use only the mains cord designed for this instrument.

Ground the Instrument

: This instrument is grounded through the protective

: Use the fuse type and rating specified for this

Use in proper Atmosphere : Please refer to operating conditions given in the

Do not operate in wet / damp conditions.

Do not operate in an explosive atmosphere.

Pulse amplifier with Isolation transformer.

Separate Pulse transformer section.

Single phase rectifier firing circuit.

Power Apparatus section.

Self contained & easy to operate

Functional blocks indicated on board mimic

Solder less breadboard

On board DC` power supply

On board AC power supply

On board power electronic devices

On board pulse amplifier and isolation transformer section

Rotary Switch provided to select the value of the load

DC Power Supply on board

AC Power Supply on Board

Triggering Circuit on Board

5 gate signal output.

Single Phase Rectifier

Firing angle control 0 -180 variables.

Firing Circuit on Board

Four gate signal output with isolation

4 SCRs 2P4M, 600V, 2A

IGBT G4BC20S, MOSFET IRF Z44N,

Circuit Components on Board

Electrolytic Capacitor 10F, 63V

Pulse transformer on Board

2 nos. PT4502 1:1 and one is PT4503 1:1:1

6 load resistances- 47E/7W, 1K/1W, 1K/10W,

W420 x H100 x D255

230V +/- 10%; 50 Hz.

Functions of Various Blocks

Operating Instructions and Panel Control Description

Resistance 2K2, 2W (on board)

SCR TYN 616 (on board)

Make circuit connections as shown in the figure 1 using patch cords.

To plot the V -I characteristics proceed as follows.

Rotate both the potentiometer P1 and P2 in fully counter clockwise direction,

Switch on the power supply.

Vary potentiometer P2 to set the gate current IG to a lower value (5.6mA,

Increase anode voltage VA gradually by varying potentiometer P1.

At certain point of positive anode voltage current IA shows sudden rise in

Plot the graph of VA versus IA.

Anode current IA (mA) at constant

Resistance 470E, /4W

UJT 2N2646 (on board)

Make circuit as shown in the figure 2 using patch cords.

To plot the emitter characteristics proceed as follows:

Rotate both the potentiometer P1 and P2 fully in counter clockwise direction.