11/18/2014

To study the variations, in current flowing, in a circuit

containing a LDR, because of a variation in the distance of a
laser light, (of fixed power) used to illuminate the LDR.

Chirag has successfully completed the projected work for physics

On the topic To study the variations in current flowing in a circuit
containing a LDR, because of a variation in the distance of a
laser light, (of fixed power) used to illuminate the LDR for the
CBSE 2014-2015 under my guidance & to my complete
satisfaction.
SignatureMr. Vinod Chauhan
Physics H.O.D
D.A.V Public school

Sudden development of interest on how light can change the

value of resistance in an circuit.

 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
APPARATUS
THEORY & FORMULA USED
PROCEDURE
OBSERVATIONS
RESULT
PRECAUTIONS
TIME+COST
REFERENCE
FUTURE SCOPE

1) LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR

2) A BATTERY OF 6 VOLTS
3) A SOURCE OF LIGHT
4) MULTIMETER
5) CONNECTING WIRES
6) KEY

A photoresistor or light-dependent resistor (LDR) or photocell is a

light-controlled variable resistor. The resistance of a photoresistor
decreases with increasing incident light intensity.
A photoresistor is made of a high resistance semiconductor. In
the dark, a photoresistor can have a resistance as high as a few
mega ohms (M), while in the light, a photoresistor can have a
resistance as low as a few hundred ohms. If incident light on a
photoresistor exceeds a certain frequency, photons absorbed by
the semiconductor give bound electrons enough energy to jump
into the conduction band. The resulting free electrons conduct
electricity, thereby lowering resistance. The resistance range and
sensitivity of a photoresistor can substantially differ among
dissimilar devices. Moreover, unique photoresistors may react
substantially differently to photons within certain wavelength
bands.
Photoresistors come in many types. Inexpensive cadmium
sulphide cells can be found in many consumer items such as
camera light meters, street lights, clock radios, alarm

devices, night lights, outdoor clocks, solar street lamps and solar
road studs, etc.

FORMULA USED:-

R=

1. Arrange the apparatus according to the electric circuit

diagram.
2. Now set the knob of multimeter on the point marked current.
3. Place a thick piece of black paper on the LDR, so that no
light fall on LDR. Record the current in multimeter.
4. Remove the black paper from the LDR. Record the current
in multimeter in presence of normal light in the laboratory

and determine the resistance of LDR by using, R= .

5. Now measure the resistance of LDR by using the laser light.

6. Now measure the current in the circuit by varying the
distance between the laser light and light dependent
resistor at 10cm & 8cm.
9. Similarly, record the current in multimeter for the distance
6 cm, 4 cm.

1) The emf of battery used = 6 volt.

2) Range of multimeter = 200 mA.

S.NO

Distance b/w

Current

Resistance

source & LDR

I(mA)

R=

(cm)

1)

10

2.6

2.307

2)

5.8

1.034

3)

8.6

0.697

4)

11.7

0.152

It is concluded that the electric current flowing in a circuit

containing LDR increases with decrease in the distance
between source of fixed power and LDR. Hence, with the
distance between light source and LDR increases the resistance
of the LDR decreases and vice-versa.

TIME
Research- 5 days
Experimental setup- 1 day
Experiment- 3 hours

COST
Light dependent resistor- Rs.80
Laser light- Rs.60
Mount board & black chart paper- Rs.30
File + printout- Rs.230
TOTAL- Rs.400

1. www.google.co.in
2. Practical Physics by Comprehensive.
3. www.sciencebuddies.com

1) The source of light must be adjusted so that light falls normally

on LDR.
2) Source of light must radiate light continuously.
3) Connect LDR carefully to the voltage source.
4) The distance between source and LDR measured
accurately.

1) Automatic Street Light Control System is not only easiest but

also the powerful technique. Relay uses as a automatic
switch in this system. It releases the manual work upto
100%.As soon as the sunlight goes under the visible region
of our eyes this system automatically switches ON lights.
Light dependant resistor (LDR ) is a type of sensor which
actually does this work and senses the light as our eyes
does. As soon as the sunlight comes, visible to our eyes it
automatically switches OFF lights .Such type of system is
also useful for reducing energy consumption.

2) The light sensor is a passive devices that convert this light

energy whether visible or in the infra-red parts of the
spectrum into an electrical signal output. Light sensors are
more commonly known as Photoelectric Devices or Photo
Sensors because the convert light energy (photons) into
electricity (electrons).