3.

00

DESIGN CRITERIA

Hunter Soil and Waste Systems

3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
3.07
3.08
3.09
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15
3.16
3.17

Design Criteria
Hunter Plumbers Bits
Depths of water seal in traps
Pipework and sizing
Branch Connections to Stacks
Ventilation of Discharge Stack
Air Admittance Valve
Air Admittance Valve BBA
Specification
Ventilation of Soil & Waste
Stub Stack
Boss Connections
Waste Manifold
WC Connections
Drain Connector Flexible
Waste Adaptor
Access
Gullies
Overflow Discharge

3.00

Design Criteria

3.01 DESIGN CRITERIA

All sanitary pipework and drainage installations must

satisfy Part H1 of the approved documents to the
England, Wales and Northern Ireland Building
Regulations 1991 and 1994 respectively. Also the
Building Standards (Scotland) amendment regulations
1990. These requirements can also be met by
following the relevant recommendations of BS EN
12056:2000 which contains information on
performance rates and discharge levels from sanitary
appliance including, recommendations for design,
testing, installation, and maintenance for all above
ground non-pressure pipework systems.
Regular consultation is essential between plumbing
engineers and architects through every stage of
design. This helps to ensure the positions of sanitary
appliances and ducts permitting efficient pipework
installation at minimum cost.
In addition, a well designed and installed sanitary
waste system will satisfy the following basic criteria:
Be of adequate capacity, with suitable pipe sizes
and gradients, to carry foul water to a suitable
drainage system for disposal.
Allow minimal risk of blockage or leakage and
have the provision for inspection and cleaning.
Stop foul air from entering the building during
normal working conditions (through use of
water seal traps).
Have ventilation to preserve water seal integrity.
Be securely fixed to cope with structure and
environmental conditions and changes.

3.02 HUNTER PLUMBERS BITS TRAPS

To comply with Approved Document H of the Building

Regulations all points of discharge into the drainage
system should be fitted with a water seal trap to
prevent foul air from the system entering the building.
Plus, the waste pipe diameter and gradient must be
selected to maintain a minimum of 25mm water seal in
the trap after an appliance has been used. However,
Hunter manufacture a range of resealing traps and
anti-siphon units that may be used where the integrity
of the water seal cannot be guaranteed. Hunter's traps
can be dismantled for inspection and maintenance,
which should be done on a regular basis to ensure the
trap functions correctly.
3.03 DEPTHS OF WATER SEAL IN TRAPS

BS EN 12056 - 2: 2000 requires that traps that

discharge to a soil stack have a 75mm water seal,
however, 50mm water seal traps can be fitted to
baths; shower trays and basins without plugs fitted
with spray taps. 38mm water seal traps can only be
used on ground floor flat bottomed appliances that
*
discharge to a back inlet gully trap. Traps with outlet
diameters greater than 50mm, should have a minimum
water seal depth of 50mm.
Appliance

Trap outlet size

(mm)
Wash Hand Basin
32
Bidet
32
Bar Well
32
Drinking Fountain
32
Sink
40
*Kitchen
Cleaners Sink
40
*
Waste Disposal (Domestic) 40
Bowl Urinal
40
Sanitary Towel Macerator 40
Dishwasher (Domestic)
40
Washing Machine
40
Bath
40
*
40
*Shower Tray
Waste Disposal (Industrial) 50
Urinal Stall (1-7 persons)
65
Water Closet
75-100

3.00

Design Criteria

3.04 PIPEWORK AND SIZING

SIZES OF BRANCH PIPES
Since June 2001 British Standard, Euro Norm BS EN 12056: 2000 Gravity Drainage Systems Inside Buildings has replaced BS
EN12056-2:2000 as the standard governing the installation of above ground pipework. The United Kingdoms sanitary
pipework system of single stack layouts requiring swept entry on equal branch junctions and our method of designing ranch
waste pipes running full are included in the new standard, listed as System III and in the National Annex of part two. The
national annex will allow the UK to continue to design and install sanitary pipework with only some minor alterations from our
previous standard. Amendments to Par H of the Building Regulations that come into force in April 2002 will bring it in line with
the new British Standards.
Pipes serving a single appliance should have the same diameter as the appliance trap (see table on previous page). However by
increasing the pipe diameter the length of the unventilated waste can be lengthened. Where the larger branch pipe is used the
trap diameter is not increased but 50mm of the smaller pipe is used before increasing the pipe size. To prevent the need for
additional ventilation of the pipework the pipe lengths are restricted as shown in the following DESIGN OF BRANCH
DISCHARGE PIPES chart, the UNVENTILATED BRANCH CONNECTION TO STACK diagram, and the DESIGN CURVE FOR
BASIN WASTE PIPES diagram. Further details can be found in Approved Document H and BS EN 12056-2: 2000.
DISCHARGE UNIT METHOD
A numerical value is assigned to each sanitary appliance to express its load producing property. he unit values of all sanitary
appliances discharging into the discharge stack and internal drainage are calculated to find the pipe diameter by the method
given in the British Standard.

DESIGN OF BRANCH DISCHARGE PIPES

Unventilated branches highlighted in Grey (Bold) , branches requiring ventilation marked in Black
Appliance

No. of
appliances

Trap size mm
and trap type

Branch dia.

Max. length of
branch in m

Max. No. of
bends

Action to be
guarded
against

Trap type

Branch
Gradient in
mm/m

Wash Basin
or Bidet

1
1
1

32P
32P
32P

32
40
32

1.7
3.0
3.0

A
2A
2A

EX SS
EX SS
EX SS

22
18-45
18min

Up
to 4
5

32P

50

4.0

NONE

EX IS SS

TB
TB
R AV
ASU
TB

32P

50

7.0

EX IS SS

18-45

10

32P

50

10.0

A NL

EX IS SS

18-45

40P or S

40

A NL

EX SS

40P

40

3.0
L
3.0

TB
R AV
ASU
TB
AV
ASU
TB

A NL

EX

18-45

1
2-8
8+
1
NL
1

100P or S
100P or S
100P or S
40P or S
40P or S
60P or S

110
110
110
40
50
60

6.0LL
15.0
NL
3 SAP
SAP
3 SAP

A NL
2A
A NL
A NL
A
A NL

EX
EX IS
EX

AAV
T
T
T

18min
9-90
min9
18-90
18-90
18-90

50P or S

50

3 SAP

EX

18-90

Shower, Bath,
Sink
Domestic Washing
Machine or
Dishwasher
WC

Bowl Urinal
Slab Urinal
for Max 7 People
Trough Urinal

NOTES:
A: Only use swept bends or branches
AAV: Air admittance Valve
EX: Excessive deposits
IS: Induced siphonage
LL: Longer branches are allowed in BS EN 12056-2:2000
SAP: As short as practicable to limit excessive deposits

18-45

18-90

ASU: Ant-siphon unit

AV: Anti-vacuum trap
B: Bottle trap
L: Longer branches are allowed which may result in noisier discharge and blockages
NL: No limit
R: Resealing trap
SS: Self-siphonage
T: Tubular trap

3.00

Design Criteria

3.04 PIPEWORK AND SIZING CONT-

UNVENTED BRANCH CONNECTIONS TO STACK

3m max for 40 mm pipe

*4 m max for 50 mm pipe

*3 m max for 40 mm pipe

Slope between 18 to 90 mm/m

Slope (see graph below)

Sink 3m max for 40 mm pipe

*4 m max for 50 mm pipe
Slope between 18 to 90mm/m

1.7 m max for 32 mm pipe

6 m max for single WC

Washbasin

Slope 18 mm/m min

WC

Bath

Note: *Where the larger branch pipe sizes are used the diameter of the trap
is not increased but the tail of the trap should be lengthened by 50 mm
before increasing the diameter.

BRANCH VENTILATION PIPES

Vent pipe connection above
spillover level
Spillover
750 mm max
level

Discharge
pipe

DESIGN CURVE FOR 32 mm

UNVENTED WASH BASIN WASTE PIPES

3.00

Design Criteria

3.05 BRANCH CONNECTIONS TO STACKS

3.06 VENTILATION OF DISCHARGE STACK

SINGLE STACK SYSTEM (SYSTEM III)

Building regulations and code of practice requirements
1.The distance between the lowest branch connection to
the discharge stack and the invert of the bend at the foot
of the stack should not be less than the table below:
LOW RISE

up to 3 storeys

450 mm

MULTI-STOREY

up to 5 storeys
Over 5 storeys

Over 20 storeys

750 mm
Ground floor connections
should discharge direct to
drain or into their own stack.

Ventilation of the discharge stack is required to

prevent water seals in traps from being lost by
pressure which can develop in the system, allowing
foul air to escape.
Separate ventilation of branch pipes will not be
needed if the length and slope of the branch does
not exceed those in the diagram below.
In cases where these figures are exceeded, the
branch pipe should be ventilated by a branch
ventilating pipe or by a Hunter anti-siphon unit.

Ground and first floor

connections should discharge
into their own stack.

2.A branch pipe should not discharge into a stack in

a way which could cause crossflow into any other
branch pipe.
The Hunter waste manifold has been developed precisely to
facilitate multi point connections to the stack,
eradicating the danger of crossflow even within the danger
zones marked by A and B on the soil stack below.
BRANCH CONNECTIONS TO STACKS

3m max for 40 mm pipe

*4 m max for 50 mm pipe

1.7 m max for 32 mm pipe

*3 m max for 40 mm pipe

Slope between 18 to 90 mm/m

Slope (see graph below)

Sink 3m max for 40 mm pipe

*4 m max for 50 mm pipe
Slope between 18 to 90mm/m

6 m max for single WC

Washbasin

Slope 18 mm/m min

WC

Bath

Note: *Where the larger branch pipe sizes are used the diameter of the trap
is not increased but the tail of the trap should be lengthened by 50 mm
before increasing the diameter.

BRANCH VENTILATION PIPES

WC

Lowest
connection

50 mm
parallel
junction

B
450 mm
min

mm
50

Offset

200 mm

Danger
zone

Drain
invert
Minimum
Radius 200mm
Key
A small similar sized connections not exceeding 65 mm and directly opposite
should be offset by 110mm on a 100 mm diameter stack 250 mm on a 150
mm diameter stack.
B Angled connection or 50 mm diameter parallel junction where a waste
branch directly opposite a WC would enter the stack within 200 mm below
the WC connection centreline.
For further information see section 3.11

Vent pipe connection above

spillover level
Spillover
750 mm max
level

Discharge
pipe

DESIGN CURVE FOR 32mm

UNVENTED WASH BASIN
WASTE PIPES

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Design Criteria

3.07 AIR ADMITTANCE VALVE

AIR ADMITTANCE VALVES

Air admittance valves are designed to decrease the
number of suspended floor and roof penetrations required
to accommodate soil and ventilating stacks without
reducing the effectiveness or performance of the system.
They also reduce the quantity of components required to
complete a system.
Figure 1 Relief Valve
Cover

Moving seal
carrier

Star-lok
washer

Spring
retainer

Stainless
steel spring

Seal
Screw cap
Outer body

any soil stack. It should be situated in a non-habitable area

of the building, e.g. the roof space, where it will be easily
accessible and there is reduced risk of freezing. Care must
be taken to prevent contamination of moving parts. In the
event of accidental damage or vandalism once installed, the
cover can be unscrewed and the damaged part (s)
replaced.
The underground drain which serves a group of stacks to
which air admittance valves are fitted may require
additional ventilation. This will minimise the effects of
excessive back pressure if blockage should occur in a drain.
In determining the requirement for additional ventilation to
the underground drainage system the following rules can be
used for general guidance (see figure 9).
I. Up to and including four domestic dwellings up to 3 storeys
high, additional drain ventilation is not necessary.

Inner body
Positive pressure
(closed position)

110mm
soil pipe

Diaphragm
seal

2.Where an underground drain serves more than four such

dwellings which have soil systems fitted with an air admittance
valve, the drain must be vented as follows:
a.In the case of five to ten such dwellings, additional
conventional ventilation must be provided at the head of the
underground drainage system.

Negative pressure
(open position)

The valve contains a diaphragm which under light spring

pressure is normally held closed, containing foul air within
the system. When there is a discharge from an appliance, a
negative air pressure is produced in the system. This
pressure causes the diaphragm in the valve to lift from its
seat, allowing air to be drawn into the system: this intake
and the rapid equalisation of air pressure prevents foul air
escaping and prevents the water seals in traps from being
broken.

b.In the case of eleven to twenty such dwellings, additional

conventional ventilation must be provided at the head and
midpoint of the underground drainage system.
Vent Cowl

Soil stack without Hunter Relief Valve and

Hunter Anti-Siphon Valve
Weathering Slate

ROOF SPACE

ROOF TRUSS

Polystyrene tops can be fitted over the valve cover after

installation, providing insulation for the valve in use.
The valve incorporates a socket for solvent welding to 110mm
PVCu pipe to BS EN1329:2000. It can be fitted to sanitary
pipe work systems of buildings up to 5 storeys high.
Air admittance valves must be installed in a vertical position
above the flood level of the highest appliance connected to

Wash hand basin

32mm pipe
Bath
40mm pipe

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Design Criteria

3.07 AIR ADMITTANCE VALVE CONTSoil stack with Hunter

Relief Valve and Hunter
Anti-Siphon Valve

Vent Cowl not required

Requirement: H1(1)

Foul water drainage

Comment:

The products will:

(1) provide adequate ventilation to
prevent the loss of water seals in
trapped appliances. See sections 6.1, 7.1
to 7.3, 7.8 to 7.10, 8.1 and 8.2 of
this Certificate.
(2) prevent foul air from entering the building.
See section 8.2 of this Certificate.
(3) enable access to the sanitary pipework for
cleaning blockages. See section 7.1 of this
Certificate.
(4) contribute to the ventilation of
underground drains. See sections 7.2 and
7.3 of this Certificate.

Weathering Slate not required

ROOF SPACE

Bends not required

Alternative positions for Hunter
Relief Valve

ROOF TRUSS

110mm Soil pipe not required

Requirement: Regulation 7 Materials and workmanship

The products are acceptable.

Comment:
Hunter Relief Valve

Wash hand basin

Hunter
Anti-Siphon Unit
Bath

2 The Building Standards (Scotland) Regulations 1990 (as amended)

In the opinion of the BBA, Hunter Air Admittance Valve and Hunter
Anti-Siphon Unit, if used in accordance with the provisions of
this Certificate, will satisfy the various Regulations as listed below.

32mm reducer
40mm tee

40mm pipe

3.08 AIR ADMITTANCE BBA SPECIFICATION

Regulation:

10

Fitness of materials

Standards:

B2.1.B2.2

Selection and use of materials, components

and other manufactured products
The products are acceptable.

Comment:
Regulation:

24

Drainage and sanitary facilities

PRODUCT

Standard:

M2.2

Drainage system

THIS CERTIFICATE REPLACES

CERTIFICATE No 83/1066 AND
RELATES TO THE HUNTER AIR
ADMITTANCE VALVE AND HUNTER
ANTI-SIPHON UNIT,
FOR ABOVE-GROUND
DRAINAGE SYSTEMS.

Comment:

The products are for use

within buildings in above
ground drainage
systems designed in
accordance with this
Certificate.
The valve and unit provide a
means of ventilation to the
drainage
system to prevent the loss of
water seals in traps and
consequent
release of foul air into the
building.
The drainage systems and the installation and use of the products
must be in accordance with the conditions set out in the Design Data
and installation parts of this Certificate.
1 The Building Regulations 1991 (as amended) (England
and Wales) 2002 Edition effective April 2002
The Secretary of State has agreed with the British Board of
Agrment the requirements of the Building Regulations to which air
admittance valves can contribute in achieving compliance. In the
opinion of the BBA, Hunter Air Admittance Valve and Hunter AntiSiphon Unit, used in accordance with the provisions of this Certificate,
will contribute to meeting the relevant requirements.

The products can meet the relevant

requirements of this Standard. See sections
6.1, 7.1 to 7.3, 7.8, 7.9, 8.1 and 8.2 of
this Certificate.

3 The Building Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1994 (as amended)

In the opinion of the BBA, Hunter Air Admittance Valve and Hunter
Anti-Siphon Unit, if used in accordance with the provisions of this
Certificate, will satisfy the various Building Regulations as listed below.
Regulation:

B2

Regulation:

Fitness of materials and workmanship

The products are acceptable.

Comment:
N2

Comment:

Drainage Systems
The valves provide adequate ventilation to
prevent the destruction of the water seals in
traps. See sections 6.1, 7.1 to 7.3, 7.8, 7.9,
8.1 and 8.2 of this Certificate.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
4 Description
4.1 Hunters Air Admittance Valve comprises a two-part acrylonitrilebutadiene-styrene (ABS) inner body, seal carrier, spring retainer and
cover, an unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVCu) outer body and
screw cap, a neoprene diaphragm seal to BS 2752 :1990, a nitrile
seal washer to BS EN681:1996, a stainless steel spring and a
stainless steel Star-Lok washer (see Figure 1).
4.2 the Hunter Anti-Siphon Unit comprises an ABS seal carrier, cover,
body and screw cap, a nitrile diaphragm and washer to BS
EN681:1996, and a stainless steel Star-Lok washer (see Figure 2).
4.3 The Air Admittance Valve incorporates a socket for solvent welding
to 110mm PVCu soil pipe to BS EN1329:2000

3.00

Design Criteria

4.4 With the use or an appropriate adaptor to BS EN1329:2000 the

Hunter Air Admittance Valve can be connected to other
materials (eg cast iron).
4.5 The Anti-Siphon Units are available in five spigot outlet sizes to
connect to either 32 mm or 40 mm waste systems to BS EN1566/BS
EN1566:2000 or 32 mm, 40 mm and 50 mm metric waste pipe systems.
4.6 The ABS and PVCu parts are manufactured by injection moulding.
4.7 The diaphragm seals, sea washer, stainless steel Star-Lok washers
and springs are bought in.
4.8 Continuous quality control is carried out during manufacture and
assembly of the valves and units, including visual checks, checks on
dimensional accuracy, airtightness and stress relief. At hourly intervals the
ABS components of the Hunter Air Admittance Valve are assembled and
checked for freedom of rotation and flatness. The raw materials and
bought-in components are also subject to quality control checks.

Figure 2 Hunter Anti-Siphon Unit

All dimensions in millimetres

7 Drainage system design

7.1 The following above-ground drainage systems, designed in
accordance with BS EN 12056-2: 2000 and incorporating
Hunter valves and units, have been assessed as satisfactory:
(a) Domestic Buildings (eg bungalows, houses, multi-storey flats, halls
of residence) - satisfactory drainage systems incorporating the valves
and units are shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5.
(b) Non-domestic buildings (eg offices, factories, schools and other
types of public buildings) - satisfactory drainage systems incorporating
the valves and units are shown in Figures 6 and 7.
Note: In each case referred to, different combinations of sanitary
fittings are permissible, provided the siphonage effects occurring
within the systems are not made more onerous. Where individual
appliances are liable to self-siphonage (eg S-trap connections) venting
with an additional Hunter Anti-Siphon Unit may be required.

Figure 3 Typical domestic installation

61

Hunter Air Admittance Valve fitted above

flood level

Seal washer

22

Vent ducts

36

6.4 The valve and unit are for use in association with each other or
separately.

Spigot to
socket fitting

Diaphragm
seal

Sink

P-trap

Hunter
Anti-Siphon Unit

Wash basin

32mm
pipe

Bath

Star-lok
washer

P-trap

Variable spigot size

5 Delivery and site handling

5.1 The manufacturers emblem and the BBA identification mark
incorporating the number of this Certificate are printed on the cover
of each Hunter Air Admittance Valve.
5.2 The valves are individually packed in plastic bags or cardboard
boxes and should remain stored upright and so protected until they
are required for use.
5.3 The manufacturers emblem and the BBA identification mark
incorporating the number of this Certificate are printed on the cover
of each Hunter Anti-Siphon Unit.
5.4 The units are packed in a plastic bag. Each bag carries a label
bearing the BBA identification mark incorporating the number of this
Certificate.
DESIGN DATA
6 General
6.1 When used in accordance with the provisions of this
Certificate in above-ground drainage systems designed in
accordance with BS EN 12056-2: 2000, the valves:
(a) admit air under conditions of reduced pressure in the discharge
pipes and prevent water seals in traps from being drawn
(b) prevent the release of foul air from the drainage system, and
(c) contribute to the ventilation of the main drain to which the
discharge stack incorporating the valve is connected.
6.2 The Hunter Air Admittance Valve is for use on discharge stacks
serving up to five storeys.
6.3 The Hunter Anti-Siphon Unit is for use on branch discharge pipes.

110mm soil and vent pipe

40mm pipe

Notes:
The maximum distance of appliance traps from the discharge
stack must be in accordance with BS EN12056-2:2000,
paragraph 7.2.2 and figures 16, 18, 19 and 20. The separate
ventilation shown on the BS figures may be provided by a Hunter
Anti-Siphon Unit which must be within 750mm of the appliance trap
The size of the branch discharge pipework and the location of
appliances must be designed in accordance with
BS EN 12056-2: 2000
7.2 The Air Admittance Valve must be fitted in a vertical position
above the flood level of the appliance. being served.
7.3 To contribute to the ventilation of the underground drain and to
minimise the effects of excessive back pressures when a drain blockage.
occurs, the branch or main drain serving a stack or stacks fitted with
Hunter valves and units may require venting at point upstream of the
stack connection. For guidance the following should be noted
(see Figure 9):
(a) For up to and including four dwellings, 1, 2, or 3 storeys in height,
additional drain venting is not required. Where a drain serves more
than four such dwellings equipped with the valve or unit, the drain
should be vented according to the following rule, by either a
conventional open-topped ventilation or a discharge stack:
5 to 10 such dwellings - conventional ventilation to be provided at the
head of the system.
11 to 20 such dwellings - conventional ventilation to be provided at the
mid-point and at the head of the system.
(b) For multi-storey domestic dwellings (other than those referred to
above) and non-domestic buildings, conventional drain venting should
be provided if more than one such building, each equipped with the
valves and units, is connected to a common drain which is not itself
vented by means of a ventilation stack or a discharge stack not fitted
with a valve or unit.

3.00

Design Criteria

Figure 4 Typical layout using Hunter Air Admittance Valve and Hunter Anti-Syphon Unit on a 110mm branch line

Hunter Air Admittance Valve

or conventional open stack
Hunter Anti-Siphon Unit
Wash hand basin
32mm pipe
Bath

40mm pipe

Hunter Anti-Siphon Unit

Hunter Anti-Siphon Unit

Wash hand basin

Hunter Air
Admittance Valve

Wash hand basin

32mm pipe

32mm pipe

Bath

Bath
40mm pipe

40mm pipe

110mm pipe

110mm pipe

Notes:
Maximum of two groups of appliances per floor.
A group of appliances consists of one wc, one or two wash basin, one sink and one bath (and/or shower) and a washing machine.
The maximum distance of appliance traps from the discharge stack must be in accordance with BS EN 12056-2: 2000. The separate
ventilation shown on the BS figures may be provided By Hunter Anti-Siphon Unit which must be within 300 mm of the appliance trap.
The size of the branch discharge pipework and the location of appliances must be designed in accordance with BS EN 12056-2: 2000.

3.00

Design Criteria

Figure 5 Domestic discharge system

Hunter Anti-Siphon unit
32mm
pipe

Hunter Air Admittance Valve

Wash hand
basin

Sink
P-trap

Bath

40mm pipe
40mm pipe
maximum 5 floors
maximum 2 groups of
appliances per floor

Hunter Anti-Siphon unit

32mm
pipe

Wash hand
basin

Sink
P-trap

Bath
40mm pipe
40mm pipe

Long radius bend

Notes:

>110mm diameter

Maximum of two groups of appliances per floor.

A group of appliances consists of one wc, one wash basin, one sink and one Both (and/or shower).
The maximum distance of appliance traps from the discharge stack must be in accordance with BS EN 12056-2: 2000. The separate
ventilation shown on the BS figures may be provided by a Hunter Anti-Siphon Unit which must be within 300 mm of the appliance trap.
The size of branch discharge pipework and the location of appliances must be designed in accordance with BS EN 12056-2: 2000.

Figure 6 Commercial and public discharge system

40mm ASU
Up to 5 wash basins

Hunter Air Admittance Valve

Up to 5 WC connections

P-traps

50mm minimum

Typical P-trap installation

S-traps or P-traps
can be used

Maximum 5 floors

Up to 5 wash basins
Up to 5 WC connections

S-traps or P-traps
can be used

ASU

ASU

ASU

Typical S-trap installation

50mm minimum

110mm pipe

Notes:

160mm pipe

Valves to be fitted vertically.

If the valve is fitted inside a duct then the duct will require ventilation.
Branch discharge pipes to ranges of appliances must be designed in accordance with BS EN 12056-2: 2000. Where required,
branch pipe ventilation may be provided by the Hunter Anti-Siphon Unit.

3.00

Design Criteria

Figure 7 Permitted number of appliances in non-domestic buildings (eg offices, factories, schools and other types of
public buildings)
Hunter Air Admittance Valve
Hunter Anti-Siphon Unit
on each storey
2(1)

5(1)

5(3)

2(1)

5(1)

5(3)

2(1)

5(1)

5(3)

2(1)

5(1)

5(3)

2(1)

5(1)

Hunter Air
Admittance Valve

110mm dia pipe

110mm dia pipe

(i) 1 to 4 storeys

110mm dia pipe

(ii) 1 to 5 storeys

(iii) 1 to 5 storeys

Maximum 2 or 5 groups of appliances per floor (1 or 3 groups in congested circumstances)

Notes:
A group of appliances consists of one wc and one wash basin.
Congested circumstances are where the frequency of use of each appliance is approximately five minutes
Normal use in non-domestic buildings corresponds to frequencies of use of approximately ten minutes.
Hydraulic performance tests carried out in accordance with BS EN 12056-2: 2000, indicate that the installations shown
above are acceptable.

Figure 8 Typical installation of the Anti-Siphon Valve

Sanitary appliance
Hunter Anti-Siphon Unit
Solvent weld
Tee

Vacuum releases diaphragm - pressure neutralised

Plug of water flowing

full bore

Water level retained due to

Hunter Anti-Siphon Unit

921 2 tee

Constant
76mm seal

Negative pressure area

300mm max
distance centre
line of unit to
crown of trap
Bottle/tubular trap

3.00

Design Criteria

Figure 9 Examples of drain ventilation provisions

Notes:
Access arrangements shown are indicative only and may he varied to suit particular system layouts
The underground drain must be designed in accordance with BS EN 752: 1996
if the Branch drain is fitted with an intercepting trap before the connection to the main drain/sewer then a conventional open topped
ventilation discharge stack must be provided at the nearest point upstream of the intercepting trap

7.4 In installations other than as shown in Figure 9 stacks should not be

fitted with the valves when the connecting drain(s) are subject to periodic
surcharging or are fitted with intercepting traps. An open-topped
discharge stack or ventilating stack should be used in such cases.
7.5 The valve should be installed within the building, preferably in a nonhabitable space, such as a duct or roof, where there is no risk of freezing,
and where it is easily accessible but not subject to interference by
vandals.
7.6 If the valve is to be installed in, or in close proximity to, a habitable
space where noise of operation may cause a nuisance then consideration
must be given to the use of a suitable form of sound insulation.
7.7 To prevent self-siphonage, a connection to the Hunter Anti-Siphon Unit
is required within 300 mm of the trap (see Figure 8).
7.8 To prevent induced siphonage in a row of wash basins, a
Hunter Anti-Siphon Unit should be fitted near the end of the branch
remote from the discharge stack (see Figure 6).
7.9 The Anti-Siphon Unit must be fitted in a vertical position above the
pipe being ventilated.
7.10 Air admittance valves should not be used when the soil stack
provides the only ventilation to septic tanks or cesspools.

8 Effect on water seals

8.1 The valves will admit sufficient quantities of air into the stack
when they are subjected to a reduced pressure and thereby
prevent loss of the water seals in appliance traps.
8.2 Under conditions of increased pressure in the drainage system, each
valve will remain closed, thereby preventing the release of foul air into the
building.
8.3 A pressure increase sufficient to raise the level of the water seal or to
cause foul air to bubble up through the seal is an indication that a drain
blockage has occurred or that the system is being overloaded or otherwise
misused.
9 Durability
Hunter valves and anti-siphon units are - manufactured from
materials conventionally used in drainage systems. Repeated
opening and closing will not adversely affect the sealing or
operation of the valve. When used in the context of this Certificate the
product will not be subject to significant deterioration and will have a life
equivalent to that of the drainage system in which it is installed.

3.00

Design Criteria

INSTALLATION
10 Procedure
10.01 Installation must be carried out in accordance with the
manufacturers instructions for the products.

BS EN1329:2000/BS EN727:1996, EN 1055: 1996 Specification for

unplasticized PVC soil and ventilating pipes, fittings and accessories
Specification for P.P Waste Systems and Soil and Waste Discharge within
the building structure Chlorinated Poly (vinyl chloride (PVC-c)
BS EN1451:2000 and BS EN1566:2000, BS EN1566

10.2 The Hunter Air Admittance Valve must be fitted to the top of the
discharge stack above the over-spill level of the highest appliance. The
110mm diameter spigot tail valve may be push fitted into ring seal sockets
after applying Hunters lubricant to the spigot tail, or solvent welded into
PVCu sockets. The 110mm socket outlet is for solvent welding to PVCu
pipe.

BS EN 12056: 2000 Gravity drainage systems inside buildings

10.3 The Hunter Anti-Siphon Units (code Nos W150 and W151) may be
solvent welded into 32mm or 40mm ABS, PVC-c or PVCu waste fittings to
BS 5256, BS EN1566:2000, or BS EN 1329:2000, using solvent cement.
BS 6209 1982.

14 Conditions

The cementing procedure should follow the instructions on the Hunter

solvent cement label. The 32mm, 40mm and 50mm metric waste pipe
sizes may be jointed to polypropylene on thermoplastic systems, using the
methods described here.

BS 6209 : 1982 Specification for solvent cement for non-pressure

thermoplastics pipe systems
BS EN 752: 1998 Drain and sewer systems outside buildings

14.1 This Certificate:

(a) relates only to the product that is described, installed, used and
maintained or set out in this Certificate;
(b) is granted only to the company, firm or person identified on the front
cover no other company, firm or person may hold or claim any entitlement
to this Certificate;

10.4 Care must be taken in making solvent welded joints to prevent

contamination of the moving parts.

(c) has to be read, considered and used as a whole document - it may be

misleading and will be incomplete to be selective;

11 Maintenance

(d) is copyright of the BBA.

11.1 The Hunter Air Admittance Valve does not normally require
maintenance. However, in the event of accidental damage or vandalism
the cover can be unscrewed and the damaged component parts or the
complete assembly replaced.

14.2 References in this Certificate to any Act of Parliament, Regulation

made thereunder, Directive or Regulation of the European Union, Statutory
Instrument, Code of Practice, British Standard, manufacturers instructions or
similar publication shall be construed or references to such publication in the
form in which it was current at the date of this Certificate.

11.2 The Hunter Anti-Siphon Unit does not normally require maintenance.
However, in the event of misuse, accidental damage or vandalism the
cover can be removed and the diaphragm seal cleaned, or the complete
assembly replaced if necessary.
Technical Investigations

14.3 This Certificate will remain valid for an unlimited period provided that
the product and the manufacture and/or fabricating process(es) thereof:
(a) are maintained at or above the levels which have been assessed and
found to be satisfactory by the BBA;

The following is a summary of the technical investigations carried out on

the Hunter Air Admittance Valve and Hunter Anti-Siphon Unit.

(b) continue to be checked by the BBA or its agefits; and

12 Tests

14.4 In granting this Certificate, the BBA makes no representation as to:

Tests were carried out to determine:

(a) the presence of absence of any patent or similar rights subsisting in the
product or any other product;

effect of pressure cycling, performance in use an a stack when tested in

accordance with BS EN1055:1996, airtightness under normal operating
conditions, airtightness when tested to pressures of 40mm and 200mm
water gauge, airtightness at low positive pressure, reduced pressure
required to open the valve, watertightness under positive pressure, effect
on the seal depth of a bottle trap when fitted near an anti-siphon unit with
the discharge pipe running full, prevention of loss of trap seals due to
induced and self-siphonage, Vicat softening point to BS EN727:1994,
tensile strength, Shore hardness of diaphragm seals, dimension,
practicability of installation, load test on the spring, corrosion resistance of
materials, effects of impact drop test and correct functioning and effect of
repeated operation.
13 Other investigations
13.1 The manufacturing process was examined, including the methods
adopted for quality control, and details were obtained of the quality and
composition of materials used.
13.2 An examination was made of data on induced siphonage.
13.3 A user survey was carried out to evaluate the performance in use.
13.4 No failures of the product have been reported to the BBA.
13.5 An examination was made on airflow capacity.
Bibliography
BS EN681 Part 1 or 2:1996 Specification for elastomeric seals for joints in
pipework and pipelines
BS 2752 : 1990(1997) Specification for chloroprene rubber compounds
BS 2782 Methods of testing plastics
Part 1 Thermal properties
Determination of Vicat softening temperature of thermoplastics

(c) are reviewed by the BBA or and when it considers appropriate.

(b) the right of the Certificate holder to market, supply, install or maintain the
product; and
(c) the nature of individual installations of the product, including methods
and workmanship.
14.5 Any recommendations relating to the use or installation of this product
which are contained or referred to in this Certificate are the minimum
standards required to be met when the product is used. They do not purport
in any way to restate the requirements of the Health & Safety at Work Act
1974, or of any other statutory, common law or other duty which may exist
at the date of this Certificate or in the future; nor is conformity with such
recommendations to be taken as satisfying the requirements of the 1974 Act
or of any present or future statutory, common law or other duty of care. In
granting this Certificate, the BBA does not accept responsibility to any
person or body for any loss or damage, including personal injury, arising as
a direct or indirect result of the installation and use of this product.
In the opinion of the British Board of Agrment, Hunter Air Admittance Valve
and Hunter Anti-Siphon Unit are fit for their intended use provided they are
installed, used and maintained as set out in this Certificate. Certificate No
86/1737 is accordingly awarded to Hunter Plastics Ltd.
On behalf of the British Board of Agrment
Date of Second issue: 24th November 1998
DIRECTOR

Original Certificate issued to Hunter Building Products Ltd on 15th

September 1986. This amended version includes change of Certificate
holders name, addition of spigot connector to range, reference to revised
Building Regulations and associated text, revised British Standards and
Conditions of Certification, and addition of Bibliography.

3.00

Design Criteria

3.09 VENTILATION OF SOIL & WASTE SYSTEM

TRADITIONAL VENTILATION
Ventilation of a soil and waste system is necessary to
prevent water seals in traps being broken due to
negative pressure or pressure fluctuations within the
system. Broken seals permit foul air and smells to
escape from the system, contaminating the air in and
around the building. There are two ways of
ventilating a soil stack, either externally to the
atmosphere, or with an Air Admittance Valve sited in
a non-inhabited space within a building.

Venting cage or cover

allowing free air flow
900 mm
min

Less than 3 m
Discharge stack
Ventilating stack
Branch ventilating pipe

Door, window,
or other
opening into a
building

The termination of an externally vented system must

comply with the dimensional requirements illustrated
in the diagram on the right.
3.10 TYPICAL STUB STACK IN COMPLIANCE WITH BUILDING REGULATIONS

Pan Connector to suit WC outlet

1. If WC, to BS5503 and depending on layout,
Hunter S224, S221, S254, S251, or S267
WC connectors can be used.
2. If old type WC, to BS1213 the Hunter S231
and S248 WC connector and gasket should
be used.

Stub Stacks
A group of appliances may
be connected above ground
into a ventilated discharge
stack or into a drain via
an unventilated stub stack.
A stub stack consists of
a short length of 110mmdiameter pipe capped
off with an access fitting
(S667). Where one or more
stub stacks are connected
directly to an underground
drainage system, ventilation
must be provided via a vent
stack or soil and vent pipe at
the head of the drain. The
distance from the finished
floor level to the drain invert
must not exceed 1.3 metres.
While the highest connection
should be within 2 metres to
comply with Approved
Document H of the Building
Regulations 2002 Edition.

DS663 (871/2Rest Bend)

Note: The loading on a stub stack should not
exceed 5L/s.

Please note that there is a

variation
between
the
requirements of the Building
Regulations and Part 2 of BS
EN 1205.

3.00

Design Criteria

3.11 BOSS CONNECTIONS

VERSATILE AND SIMPLE TO INSTALL

To make life easy for the installer Hunters 82mm, 110mm and 160mm boss fittings are supplied with
either open or unopened bosses that are the same size. In addition, boss adaptors offer the simplest
waste to soil connections, whether using push-fit or solvent weld pipework. Unopened bosses may be
accessed using standard 48mm hole cutter.

HUNTERS EASY TO USE BOSS CONNECTIONS

32mm

40mm

50mm

CREATES PUSH-FIT CONNECTION PUSH-FIT PIPEWORK TO BSEN1451

W58

W59

S751

CREATES PUSH-FIT CONNECTION SOLVENT WELD PIPEWORK TO BS5255

W59

W58

CREATES SOLVENT WELD CONNECTION SOLVENT WELD PIPEWORK TO BS5255

W104

W106

S750

ANGLED OPTIONS FOR SOLVENT WELD PIPEWORK

S753

2.5
90

W104 + W111

W106 + W112

W725

3.00

Design Criteria

3.12 WASTE MANIFOLD

PREVENTION OF CROSS FLOW

In any soil and vent pipe the discharge from one branch pipe must not
be able to flow across and enter an opposing branch pipe connection.
A PVCu branch between 82mm and 160mm diameter has a restricted
area of 200mm as shown in diagram (a) whilst a small diameter branch
pipe up to 63mm has a restricted area dependent on the discharge
stack diameter. See table adjacent.

Branch diameter
82mm to 160mm

Section

Centre line of
opposed branch
not to be above
this point

PVC stack dia.

82
110
160

Height of restricted area

90
110
250

Small branch
diameter
63mm max.

Centre line of
opposed branch
not to be below
this point

200mm

RESTRICTED AREA FOR OPPOSING

SMALL DIA. BRANCH PIPES

Unopposed
connection
permissible in
this area

(See table above)

200mm

Section

Section

Plan

Plan

Plan

(a) Restricted connection area on stack

(b) Examples of permitted connections

(c) Opposing waste pipes

HUNTERS WASTE MANIFOLD IS DESIGNED TO PREVENT CROSS FLOW

Plumbing in the bathroom
or WC is made easier by
using the Hunter S200
Waste pipes may be
connected to the S200
above floor level using
any one of the four inlets
to suit site conditions.
The four waste inlets,
will permit connections
of extra pipework at a
later date.
The S200 will accept
waste pipes to BS EN1451
and BS EN1566:2000,

The S200 fits neatly against a wall or into a corner of the

room. The dimensions allow standard pipe or socket bracket to
be used to support pipework.
Should the need arise to gain access for rodding purposes, it
may be done via one of the inlets.

3.00

Design Criteria

HOW TO INSTALL A WC, BASIN AND BATH USING THE S200 WASTE MANIFOLD

Anti-Siphon Unit
Basin

For maximum distance see table below

Centre line of WC Pan outlet

to conform to BS5503
horizontal outlet (190mm)

Bath

NB. If the distance of the bath exceeds

3000mm 50mm Waste pipe must be used to
conform with building regulations H1 1991.

Connecting 110mm to the S200 is made in the normal

manner by use of the Hunter ring seal jointing
technique, i.e. lubricating pipe or branch spigot prior to
insertion.
To open the closed bosses on the S200;
Cut open the required connection ports using a fine
tooth saw.
For 50mm connections, solvent weld the W725
adaptor bends directly into the socket.
For 32mm connections use the W58 rubber boss
adaptor and either the P019 polypropylene spigot
tail bends to (BS EN 1451: 2000) or W111
MUPVC spigot tail bends to (BS EN 1566). The
W104 glued adaptor can only be used with
MUPVC spigot tail bends
For 40mm connections use the W59 Rubber boss
adaptor and either the P029 polypropylene spigot
tail bends to (BS EN 1451: 2000) or the W119
MUPVC spigot tail bends (BS EN 1566). The
W106 adaptor can only be used with MUPVC
spigot tail bends

WC

BATH

70mm
60mm
50mm
40mm

240mm
320mm
545mm
770mm

1700mm
1790mm
2340mm
2870mm

30mm
20mm
10mm
F/L

1000mm
1200mm
1365mm
1620mm

3270mm
3760mm
4800mm
5300mm

3.00

Design Criteria

WASTE MANIFOLD EXAMPLES FOR USE

S200

W151 W151

W718
Basins
W714

W718
Basins
W714
50mm
S214 or S246
S200

DS663

DS211

To Drain

PLAN

S200

PLAN

PO10/W78

Basin

32mm

32mm
PO20/W79

PO21/W81

40mm
Bath

Basin
40mm

Bath

3.00

Design Criteria

WASTE MANIFOLD EXAMPLES FOR USE

Basin
PLAN

ELEVATION A - A
32mm
110mm SVP

S254

110mm

40mm

40mm

40mm

S200

40mm

FFL

Bath
Kitchen
A

Basin

PLAN

ELEVATION B - B

32mm

External
110mm SVP
110mm
FFL

40mm
B

B
Bath

3.00

Design Criteria

3.13 WC CONNECTIONS

PRODUCT CODE S224

STRAIGHT PAN CONNECTOR
ALL PURPOSE TAIL
For use with BS5503 H/O pans.
May be used with PVCu, cast iron or
clayware pipes.
Ideal for refurbishment work.
Ideal for connecting to concealed pipework.
Smooth wipe clean finish.

Z=

Min

Max

150mm

250mm

Where dimension X exceeds 160mm use S224

in conjunction with S226 extension piece.

Measure between the pipe end and the pan spigot,

dimension X. Add on 90mm to allow for insertion
depths.

Remove the finned seal and mark a cut line

on the connector.

Cut the connector spigot squarely using a fine

toothed saw. Remove any burr.

Replace finned seal onto connector. Lubricate

finned seal using silicone lubricant.

Push connector into pipe ensuring it is fully home.

Lubricate pan spigot and install into connector.

3.00

Design Criteria

3.13 WC CONNECTIONS CONT-

WC FLOAT SYSTEM USING THE S253 VARIABLE WC CONNECTOR

SOIL STACK

S334
Branch

S312 + S253

*S750 may be solvent welded into

a side boss to allow for a 50mm
traditional ventilation pipe
(if required)

S312 + S253
WC
S312 + S253
WC

Minimum gradient on horizontal

float should be 1/2 or 9 mm/m

S312 + S253

WC

S312 + S253
WC
Note:
If solvent jointing is preferred use S292 instead of
S312 and S297 instead of S334
WC

S253 variable
WC connector

S312
branch

Back to wall closet

S253 variable
WC connector
S312 branch

Section

S246
Rodding eye

Close coupled closet

3.00

Design Criteria

3.13 WC CONNECTIONS CONT-

PRODUCT CODE S253 WC FLOAT SYSTEM USING THE S253 VARIABLE WC CONNECTOR CONT-

SOIL STACK

345
+/10mm

800mm

800mm

800mm

800mm

Float laid to fall of 1/2

(9mm drop/1 metre run)

WC connector to suit BS5503

horizontal outlet pan

WC

S217/220

90mm

WC Position

H (mm)

190mm
Up to +/-2 movement
on joint between branch
and WC connector

125 134 143 152 161

Approx angle of 18
WC connector

16

F.F.L.
*For pan centres less or greater than 800mm contact the technical department at Hunter Plastics Limited

13

11

3.00

Design Criteria

3.14 DRAIN CONNECTOR FLEXIBLE WASTE ADAPTOR

PRODUCT CODE DS25

The DS25 will accept two waste pipes of either 32mm or 40mm diameter. It is made from flexible EPDM
and manufactured with one inlet open and one closed. The closed inlet can be opened with a sharp knife.
The DS25 can be fitted into a socket by replacing the ring seal with it, or inside the bore of 110mm pipe,
see the illustration below.

Waste
pipe

DS25

110mm
socket

Ground floor
installations only

110mm
pipe

3.00

Design Criteria

3.15 ACCESS

ACCESS
Access to stacks are to be fitted above the over-spill level of the appliances to ensure ease of access as and when
it is required. All discharge pipework must be easily accessible and traceable access covers and cleaning eyes
should also be positioned to allow cleaning and maintenance equipment to be easily inserted into the pipework
and to permit cleaning and clearing of all parts of the system. Sanitary pipework systems should be capable of
being tested to ensure that the required performance is attained. Whilst adequate access should be provided to
enable these tests to be carried out.
3.16 GULLIES

GULLIES
Ground floor appliances that produce waste water only may discharge into a gully. Waste pipes from such
appliances should terminate above the gullys water seal and below the gully grid.The design of Hunters back
inlet gullies allow several appliances to discharge to the same gully.
3.17 OVERFLOW DISCHARGE

Hunters Overflow System

The 22mm polypropylene and unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVCu) pipe is available in white in three metre
Iengths. The range of high temperature MuPVC overflow fittings are designed so that they can be either push fit
onto the polypropylene pipe or solvent welded onto the unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVCu) pipe. Hunters
22mm pipe can be connected to other manufacturers pipe by using the universal adaptor O220.
Overflow Pipes
To warn occupiers of problems with the stopvalve before the water level reaches the spillover level of the cold water
storage cisterns, they must be fitted with a warning pipe. The pipe must be adequately supported to have a
consistent fall to a conspicuous position, preferably outside the building. To evacuate the incoming water before
the stopvalve becomes submerged the pipe should be positioned to create a Type B air gap and be a larger
diameter than the incoming water supply, at least 22mm outside diameter. See diagram.
Bore of Supply Pipe

Type B Air Gap

Not exceeding l4mm

20mm

Exceeding l4mm but not

exceeding 21mm

25mm

Exceeding 21mm but not

exceeding 41mm

70mm

Exceeding 41 mm

twice bore of supply pipe

A warning pipe must not be fitted with a flap on the outlet to prevent
icy wind from blowing along the pipe and freezing the stopvalve in
the closed position. Instead, it should be fitted with a bend or tee.
When fitted in unheated roof spaces warning and overflow pipes
must be insulated. They should also be included in the maintenance
schedule to ensure that they comply with all of the above.

Supply
pipe inlet
Stop valve

Type B
Gap

Overflow

3.00

Design Criteria

3.17 OVERFLOW DISCHARGE CONT-

Conspicuous Discharge
The use of internal bathrooms means that it is not always possible to discharge overflowing water outside the
building. Therefore, Hunter Plastics Ltd manufactures a combined bath/cistern waste and overflow (W040CF) so
that the water conspicuously overflows into the bath.
Combined Warning Pipe
Two or more warning pipes may discharge to a combined warning pipe providing that the overflowing cistern is
easily detected and that the overflow from one cistern cannot discharge into another. This is achieved by providing
a 25mm air gap between the cisterns warning pipe and the combined overflow pipe. The combined warning
pipe should discharge externally but in exceptional circumstances the termination point may have no visible outlet.
See diagram.

22mm overflow pipe

25mm air gap

W711
50mm socket
used to form Tundish
W717
32 x 50mm reducer

W84
Tee
W116
32mm bend