Professional Documents
Culture Documents
(List of Subjects)
June 2006
math, surveying and transpo
-limits
-area,centroid & volume of the formed area of the given curves
-ellipse' properties
-inverse matrix (eto pa ang hindi ko nasagutan.hehe ****-ina, hindi alam gamitin calcu sa inverse matrix. )
-dy/dx of given formulas
-circle's properties
-simple curve
-straight line depreciation
-projectile motion
hydraulics/geotechnical
-water hammer
-lateral earth pressure
-tri-axial test
-BUOYANCY (so damn bonus!) next question, compute for specific weight of the metal
-relative density
-properties of soil
-flow of water through soil
-headloss on pipes
-orifice (time to discharge a tank)
-pile capacity
references:
http://www.analyzemath.com/calculus/Problems/rate_change.html
3 4
Example 2: f(x) = (x - 4x + 5)
Solution to Example 2
3 4
Let u = x - 4x + 5 and y = u , hence
2 3
du/dx = 3 x - 4 and dy/du = 4 u
Use the chain rule
3 2
f '(x) = (dy/du) (du/dx) = (4 u ) (3 x - 4)
3
We now substitute u = x - 4x + 5 above to obtain
3 3 2
f '(x) = 4 (x - 4x + 5) (3 x - 4)
2
Example 3: f(x) = sqrt (x + 2x -1)
where sqrt means square root
Solution to Example 3
2
Let u = x + 2x -1 and y = sqrt (u) , hence
du/dx = 2x + 2 and dy/du = 1 / (2 sqrt(u))
Use the chain rule
f '(x) = (dy/du) (du/dx) = [ 1 / (2 sqrt(u)) ] (2x + 2)
2
Substitute u = x + 2x -1 above to obtain
2
f '(x) = (2x + 2) [ 1 / (2 sqrt(x + 2x -1)) ]
Factor 2 in numerator and denominator and simplify
2
f '(x) = (x + 1) / (sqrt(x + 2x -1))
Find the first derivative of f if f is given by
2
Example 4: f(x) = sin (2x + 3)
Solution to Example 4
2
Let u = sin (2x + 3) and y = u , hence
du/dx = 2 cos(2x + 3) and dy/du = 2 u
Use the chain rule
f '(x) = (dy/du) (du/dx) = 2 u 2 cos(2x + 3)
Substitute u = sin (2x + 3) above to obtain
f '(x) = 4 sin (2x + 3) cos (2x + 3)
Use the trigonometric fromula sin (2x) = 2 sinx cos x to simplify f '(x)
f '(x) = 2 sin (4x + 6)
Problem 1: A rectangular water tank (see figure below) is being filled at the constant rate of 20 liters /
second. The base of the tank has dimensions w = 1 meter and L = 2 meters. What is the rate of change of
the height of water in the tank?(express the answer in cm / sec).
Solution to Problem 1:
V = w*L*H
We know the rate of change of the volume dV/dt = 20
liter /sec. We need to find the rate of change of the
height H of water dH/dt. V and H are functions of time.
We can differentiate both side of the above formula to obtain
dV/dt = W*L*dH/dt
note W and L do not change with time and are therefore considered as constants in the above
operation of differentiation.
We now find a formula for dH/dt as follows.
= 1 cm / sec.
Problem 2: An airplane is flying in a straight direction and at a constant height of 5000 meters (see
figure below). The angle of elevation of the airplane from a fixed point of observation is a. The speed of
the airplane is 500 km / hr. What is the rate of change of angle a when it is 25 degrees? (Express the
answer in degrees / second and round to one decimal place).
Solution to Problem 2:
The airplane is flying horizontally at the rate of
dx/dt = 500 km/hr. We need a relationship between
angle a and distance x. From trigonometry, we can
write
tan a = h/x
angle a and distance x are both functions of time t.
Differentiate both sides of the above formula with
respect to t.
x = h / tan a
Substitute the above into the formula for da/dt and simplify
= (- sin 2a / h) dx/dt
Use the values for a, h and dx/dt to approximate da/dt with the right conversion of units: 1km = 1000 m and 1
hr = 3600 sec.
= -0.005 radians/sec
1 / R = 1 / R1 + 1 / R2
If R1 changes with time at a rate r = dR1/dt and R2 is constant, express the rate of change dR / dt of the
resistance of R in terms of dR1/dt, R1 and R2.
Solution to Problem 3:
Exercises
1 - Find a formula for the rate of change dV/dt of the volume of a balloon being inflated such that it radius R
increases at a rate equal to dR/dt.
2 - Find a formula for the rate of change dA/dt of the area A of a square whose side x centimeters changes at a rate
equal to 2 cm/sec.
3 - Two cars start moving from the same point in two directions that makes 90 degrees at the constant speeds of s1
and s2. Find a formula for the rate of change of the distance D between the two cars.
2 - dA/dt = 4x cm 2/sec
3 - dD/dt = sqrt( s1 2 + s2 2 )