UNIVERSIDAD INDUSTRIAL DE SANTANDER

Facultad de Ingenieras Fisicoqumicas

Escuela de Ingeniera de Petrleos

EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS GAS PIPELINES HYDRAULICS

Ana Paula Villaquiran Vargas

Juan Camilo Gonzalez Angarita
Nancy Alexandra Patio Argello
Samuel Francisco Martnez Hernndez

Ing. Adolfo Polo Rodriguez

Primer Semestre Acadmico

Bucaramanga
2013

EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS GAS PIPELINES HYDRAULICS

1. A gas pipeline, NPS 18 with 0.375 in. wall thickness, transports natural gas (specific gravity
= 0.6) at a flow rate of 160 MMSCFD at an inlet temperature of 60F. Assuming isothermal
flow, calculate the velocity of gas at the inlet and outlet of the pipe if the inlet pressure is 1200
psig and the outlet pressure is 700 psig. The base pressure and base temperature are 14.7
psia and 60F, respectively. Assume the compressibility factor Z = 0.95. What is the pipe length
for these pressures, if elevations are neglected?
PART A:
Using the general gas flow equation:
Q 1=Q b

Pb
Tb

T1
Z
P1 1

( )( )

Q=V A

Knowing that

V =Qb

V=

[( )( ) ]
Pb
Tb

0,2122Q b
D

T1
Z /A
P1 1

[( )( ) ]
Pb
Tb

NPS
Wall Thickness
ID
Q

18
0,375 in
17,25 in
160 MMSCFPD
0,6

T
Tb
Pb
P1
P2
Z

60F 520R (Isothermal flow)

60F 520R
14,7 psia
1200 psig 1214,7 psia
700 psig 714,7 psia
0,95

T1
Z
T1 1

V 1=

0,2122160106
17,252

520
0,95
([ 14,7
)(
]
520 1214,7 )
V1 = 13,12 ft

Using the relation between V1 and V2

P1
V 2=V 1
P2

( )

( 1214,7
714,7 )

V 2=13,118

V2 = 22,29 m/s
PART B:
NPS
Wall Thickness
ID
Q

18
0,375 in
17,25 in
160 MMSCFPD
0,6

T
Tb
Pb
P1
P2
Z

60F 520R (Isothermal flow)

60F 520R
14,7 psia
1200 psig 1214,7 psia
700 psig 714,7 psia
0,95

First it is necessary calculate Reynolds number:

=0,00047 78

Pb
Tb

( )( )
Q
D

=0,00047 78

( )(
14,7
520

0,616010
6
7,2310 17,25

Re = 10396902,54

Now we calculate the critical Reynolds Number using Nikuradse and Von Karman equation.
The friction factor is:

1
D
=4log 3,7

1
17,25
=4log 3,7
714,7
f

1
=19,8396
f

Replacing

1
f

in Von Karman equation we find the critical Reynolds number.

[ ]

c
1
=4log
f
1/ f

c =19,839610

- 0,6

(19,8386 +0,6 )
4

c =25550087,179

The regimen flow is fully turbulent because Re > Re c.

Now using:
Panhandle B Equation:
1,02

( ) (

Q=737E

Tb
Pb

P12es P22

0,961

T f LeZ

0,51

D2,53

1,02

( ) (

520
1,6010 =737
14,7
8

[(

1,60108
14,7
L=

2
520
737,0217,25

1,02

1
0,510

L = 187,22 mi.

( )(

2,667

D2,667

T Z
2 e 2
P 1 P 2

( )( ) (

Q
Pb
1
L=

432.7 Tb
D

0,5

0,5 2

)]

L = 117,774 mi
AGA Equation:

0,51

17,252,53

0,6 0,9615200,95

1214,72 714,72

( ) ) (

Weymouth Equation:
Tb
P12P22E
Q=432,7

Pb
T f LeZ

1214,7 714,7

0,60,961 520Le0,95

)]

T
P 2P22E
Q=38,774 b 1
Pb
T f LeZ

( )(

0,5

) ( [ ])
4 log

2,5

T Z
2 e 2
P 1 P2

( )( ) (

Q
Pb
1
L=

38,774 Tb
D

0,5

3,7 D
D2,5

3,7 D
4 log

[ ])

L = 143,79 mi

2. A natural gas pipeline, DN 400 with 10 mm wall thickness, transports 3.2 Mm3/day. The
specific gravity of gas is 0.6 and viscosity is 0.00012 Poise. Calculate the value of the
Reynolds number. Assume the base temperature and base pressure are 15 C and 101 kPa,
respectively.
NPS
Wall thickness
ID
Q

400
10 mm
380 in
3,2*106
0,6

Tb
Pb

0,00012 P
15 C 288 K
101 kPa

To calculate Reynolds Number:

=0,5134

Pb
Tb

( )( )
Q
D

=0,5134

( )(

101 0,63,210
288 0,00012380

)
Re = 7580906,4

3. A natural gas pipeline, NPS 20 with 0,500 in. Wall thickness, 50 miles long, transports 220
MMSCFD. The specific gravity of gas is 0,6 and viscosity is 0,000008 lb/ft-s. Calculate the
friction factor using Colebrook equation. Assume absolute pipe roughness=750in. The base
temperature and base pressure are 60F and 14,7 psia, respectively. What is the upstream
pressure for an outlet pressure of 800 psig?
Using Colebrook-white equation:

( )[

Tb
QSC =3,774
Pb

P 1P2E
LT mZ m

0,5

FD2,5

NPS
Wall thickness
ID
L
Q

20
0,5 in
19 in
50 mi
220*106 SCFD
0,6

0,000008 lb/ft.s

750 in
60F 520R
14,7 psia
800 psig 814,7 psia

Tb
Pb
P2

Assuming 60F for gas flowing temperature and a compressibility factor Z b=1
First its necessary to calculate the Reynolds number:
Pb
Q

Tb
D

( )( )

=0,0004778

14,7
0,622010 6
=0,0004778

520
0,00000819

( )(

)
Re= 11729796,56

Using Colebrook equation the friction factor is:

[ (

1
=19,541
f

f =2,62103

The equation is:

)]

1,426
1
=4 log
+

f
3,7 D

Q
38,774

220106
38,774

Pb
Tb

)( )(

1
FD2,5

)( )(
14,7
520

)(

L T mZ m
1

1
19,576179

650,3489379=[ P21 (814,7)2 ]

1
192,5

)( )(

0,5

=[ P21P22 ]

0,5

0,650 mi5201
1

0,5

0,5

=[ P21P 22 ]

0,5

650,3489379= [ P21(814,7)2 ]

( 650,3489379 )2+(814,7)2=P21

Therefore:

P1=1042,4 psia

4. For a gas pipeline flowing 3.5 Mm3/day gas of specific gravity 0.6 and viscosity of 0.000119
Poise, calculate the friction factor and transmission factor, assuming a DN 400 pipeline, 10 mm
wall thickness, and internal roughness of 0.015 mm. The base temperature and base pressure
are 15C and 101 kPa, respectively. If the flow rate is increased by 50%, what is the impact on
the friction factor and transmission factor? If the pipe length is 48 km, what is the outlet
pressure for an inlet pressure of 9000 kPa?

NPS
ID
L
Q

400; Wall thickness: 10 mm

380 mm
48 km
3,5*106m3/day
0,6

0,000119 P
0,015 mm
15 C 288 K
101 kPa
9000 kPa

Tb
Pb
P1

Q=

3,510 6

3
m3
1 day
1 ft
+++++ ft 3

(
) =5150055,564
day 24 hours
0,3048 m
hours

25,4 mm

D=380 mm
1

Initially we calculate the Reynolds Number:

=45

Q b
D

=45

( 5150055,5460,6
)
14,96
=

9301103,694

Its necessary to calculate the Critical Reynolds Number using Von Karman and Nikuradse
equations:

1
D
=4log 3,7

1
380
=4log 3,7
0,015
f

1
=19,88
f

Replacing

1
f

in Von Karman equation we find the critical Reynolds number.

[ ]

c
1
=4log
0,6
f
1/ f

c =19,8810

(19,88 +0,6)
4

c =2633155,765

The flow regimen is fully turbulent because Re > Re c.

First calculate the friction factor and transmission factor (Initial Conditions) using Panhandle B
equation:

1
Q
=F=19,08
D
f

0,01961

( )

F=22,592
f =1,959103

Now calculate the friction factor and transmission factor (With Q = Q o*1,5) using Panhandle B
equation:

0,01961

1
Q
=F=19,08
D
f

( )

F '=22,77
f ' =1,928103

Then the impact in the friction and transmissions factor is:

For the Friction Factor:

f=

f=

|f f '|
f

100

|1,9591031,928103|
3

1,95910

f =1,61

For the Transmission Factor:

F

|FF ' |
F

100

|22,59222,77|
22,592

f =0,78

100

100

Finally, assuming standard conditions Tm=15C which means 288K, Zb=1 the compressibility
factor dimensionless.
With PANHANDLE B EQUATION for SI units
1,02

( ) (

T
Q=1,00210 b
Pb
5

P 12e s P22

0,961

T mLZ

0,51

D2,53

The outlet pressure will be

P

( 1 2P 22 )0,51

1,02
Pb
0,51
1
0,961 T m LZ ) =
2,53 (
Tb
D

Q
( 1,00210
)( ) ( )
2

9000
( 2P22)0,51

3,510 6
1,002102

1,02

() ) ( 3801 ) (0,6
101
288

0,961

2,53

9000
2 0,51
( 2P2 )
3590,6096=
1

(3590,6096) 0,51 =90002P22

288481 )

0,51

9352291,4379000 =P2

7147708,56=P 22
8464,49 [ kPa ] =P2

5. A gas pipeline ows 110 MMSCFD gas of specic gravity 0.65 and viscosity of 0.000008
lb/ft-s. Calculate, using the modied Colebrook-White equation, the friction factor and
transmission factor, assuming an NPS 20 pipeline, 0.375 in. wall thickness, and internal
roughness of 700 in. The base temperature and base pressure are 60F and 14.7 psia,
respectively.
NPS
ID
L
Q

20, Wall thickness: 0,375 in

19,25 in
100 km
110 MMSCFD
0,65

0,000008 lb/ft-s
700 in
60F 520R
14,7 psia

5
D = 3,64 x 10

Tb
Pb

Re= 0,0004778*

Re= 0,0004778*

Pb
6,5Q

Tb
x

( )(
(

14,7

520

( )

)
6

0,65(11010 )
0,00000819,25

Re=6271125
Colebrook-White equation
1

2,51
=2log
+
3,7 D f
f

)
f= 0,011

F=

2
f

F=

2
0,011

F= 19,07

6. Using the AGA method, calculate the transmission factor and friction factor for gas ow in an
NPS 20 pipeline with 0.375 in. wall thickness. The ow rate is 250 MMSCFD, gas gravity = 0.6,
and viscosity = 0.000008 lb/ft-sec. The absolute pipe roughness is 600 in. Assume a bend
index of 60, base pressure =14.73 psia, and base temperature = 60F. If the ow rate is
doubled, what pipe size is needed to keep both inlet and outlet pressures the same as that at
the original ow rate?
NPS
ID
L
Q

20, Wall thickness: 0,375 in

19,25 in
100 km
250 MMSCFD
0,6

0,000008 lb/ft-s
600 in
60F 520R

Tb

Re= 0,0004778

Re= 0,0004778

( PbTb ) ( 6,5Q
D )

14,73

520

6,5(250106 )
0,00000819,25

Re= 13183055,69
log

F= 4

log

F= 4

( 3,7e D )

( 3,719,25
60010 )
6

F= 20,298
The transmission factor for smoth pipelines

F= 4 log 1,4125F t

Df = 0,96
Ft

Ft

=4

( )

= 4 log F t 6

log

( 13183055,99
)6
F
t

Ft = 22,47

F= 4 (0,96)

log

13183055,69
( 1,412522,47
)

F= 21,57
Working with F=20,298

2
F= f

f=

4
F2

f=

4
2
(20,298)

10

f= 9,81*

PART B
Q

500 MMSCFD

Re= 0,0004778

( PbTb ) ( 6,5Q
D )

So
D= 0,0004778

D= 0,0004778

14,73
520

( PbTb ) ( 6,5Q
)

) (

6,5(50010 )
0,00000813183055,69

D= 38.50 in
NPS= 42 in

7. A natural gas transmission line transports 4 million m 3/day of gas from a processing plant to
a compressor station site 100 km away. The pipeline can be assumed to be along a flat terrain.

Calculate the minimum pipe diameter required such that the maximum pipe operating pressure
is limited to 8500 kPa. The delivery pressure desired at the end of the pipeline is a minimum of
5500 kPa. Assume a pipeline efficiency of 0,92. The gas gravity is 0,60, and the gas
temperature is 18C. Use the Weymouth equation, considering a base temperature=15C and
base pressure=101 kPa. The gas compressibility factor Z=0,90.
L
Q

100 km
4000000 m3/day
0,6

es

Tb

0,92
15 C

288 K

Tf

18 C

291 K

Pb
P1
P2

101 kPa
8500 kPa
5500 kPa

Weymouth equation

( )(

Q=3,7435103E

Tb
P1 e P2

Pb
G T f LeZ

0,5

D2,667

288
85002 55002
4000000=3,743510 0,92

101
0,62911000,9
3

D 2,667=

( )(

4000000101
8500 255002
3,743510 0,92288
0,62911000,9
3

0,5

0,5

) D

D 2,667=7878471,018
D=385,3385846 mm
DN = 400 mm

2,667

8. Using the Panhandle B equation, calculate the outlet pressure in a natural gas pipeline, NPS
16 with 0,250 in. Wall thickness, 25 miles long. The gas flow rate is 120 MMSCFD at 1200 psia
inlet pressure. The gas gravity=0,6 and viscosity=0,000008lb/ft-sec. The average gas
temperature is 80F. Assume the base pressure=14,73 psia and base temperature=60F. The
compressibility factor Z=0,90 and pipeline efficiency is 0,95.
NPS
16
Wall thickness
0,250 in
E
0,92
So the diameter is 15,5 in
Tb
60 520 R
L

Tf

25 mi
80

540 R

Q
Pb

120 MMSCFD
14,73 psia
0,6

P1
es

1200 psia
1

Panhandle B equation
T b 1,02
P12es P22
Q=737E
0,961
Pb
G T f LeZ

( ) (

520
120000000=7370,95
14,73

120000000
520
14,73

73715,52,530,95

73715,52,530,95

1,02

D2,53

1200 e P2

0,51

0,961

520
14,73

) ( 0,6
1,02

=
1,02

120000000

0,51

540250,9

1200 e P2

0,51

0,60,961540250,9

1
0,51

1200 e P2
= 0,961
0,6 540250,9

15,5 2,53

120000000
1,02

520
( 14,73
)

73715,52,530,95

12002

[(

1
0,51

0,6 0,961540250,9=12002P22

120000000
73715,5

1304004,227=P2

2,53

520
( 14,73
)

0,95

P2=1141,930045 psia

1,02

1
0,51

0,6 0,961540250,9 =P22