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CONFIDENTIAL

EE/OCT 2012/ECM241

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA


FINAL EXAMINATION

COURSE

BASIC COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

COURSE CODE

ECM241

EXAMINATION

OCTOBER 2012

TIME

3 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1.

This question paper consists of five (5) questions.

2.

Answer ALL questions in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page.

3.

Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigilator.

4.

Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of:
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)

the Question Paper


two pages of appendix - Appendix 1 and Appendix 2
Input Signal Waveform and Sampling Pulse Diagram - provided by Faculty
an Answer Booklet - provided by the Faculty

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO


This examination paper consists of 4 printed pages
Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA

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EE/OCT2012/ECM241

QUESTION 1
a)

Describe the function and main process of the transmitter. Hence, sketch the basic block
diagram of a transmitter.
(6 marks)

b)

Explain balanced and unbalanced transmission line. Give two examples and sketch the
cable for each type.
(9 marks)

c)

Give two (2) characteristics of an electromagnetic wave. Determine the wavelength for
electromagnetic wave with frequency of 33 MHz.
(5 marks)

QUESTION 2
a)

Define the following terms:


i)
ii)
iii)

Amplitude Modulation (AM),


Modulation Coefficient,
Over modulation.
(3 marks)

b)

Illustrate the AM process by showing the sinusoidal modulating signal waveform, carrier
signal waveform and modulated signal waveform. Assume modulation index is 50%.
(4 marks)

c)

An 850 kHz carrier is amplitude modulated by 15 kHz audio sinusoidal signal.The


maximum and minimum amplitude of the modulated signal is 25 V and 15 V respectively.
The signal is then applied to 50 Q load. Calculate:
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)

the amplitude of carrier and modulating signal respectively,


the modulation index and it's percentage,
the sidebands power and the total power of the AM signal,
the upper and lower sideband frequency and
the bandwidth of this AM signal.

If the Single Sideband Suppressed Carrier (SSBSC) transmission is applied, determine


the percentage of saving in the output power.
(13 marks)

Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL

EE/OCT2012/ECM241

QUESTION 3
a)

State the two (2) types of angle modulation and hence describe these two (2) modulation
techniques.
(5 marks)

b)

A 100 MHz carrier signal with amplitude of 6 V is modulated in Frequency Modulation


(FM) modulator by a sinusoidal audio signal of 10 kHz. The resulting frequency deviation
is 40 kHz.
Write down the instantaneous equation for the above FM modulated signal. Hence,
sketch the modulated signal showing the maximum frequency and the minimum
frequency.
(6 marks)

c)

The standard FM broadcast band has a frequency range from 88 MHz to 108 MHz. The
maximum permitted deviation is 75 kHz, with modulating frequency up to 15 kHz.
Determine:
i)
ii)
iii)

the number of sets of significant sidebands,


the carrier swing and
the bandwidth of an FM station using both Bessel and Carson's methods.

Hence, by comparing the values of bandwidth calculated using both methods, identify
which method will allow a narrower bandwidth. Then, explain why such differences arise.
(9 marks)
QUESTION 4
a)

An audio signal of v(/) = 20cos(8;rxl0 3 0V is to be transmitted over a Pulse Code


Modulation (PCM) system. The PCM samples are encoded into a 4-bit system.
Determine:
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
vi)

the minimum sampling rate,


the alias frequency produced if 55 kHz audio signal is allowed to enter the
sample and hold circuit,
the number of quantization levels,
the resolution,
the maximum quantization error and
the transmission bit rate.
(8 marks)

Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi IMARA

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CONFIDENTIAL

b)

EE/OCT2012/ECM241

Sketch sample waveforms for the following digital modulation techniques for a binary
input 1011011,
i)
ii)

Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK),


Frequency Shift Keying (FSK).
(4 marks)

c)

In quantization process, each sample of an analog signal m(t) is assigned to the


quantization level closest to the value of the sample. Draw:
i)
ii)
iii)

the waveform of Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) (on the same graph paper of
the input signal in Appendix 3),
the quantized signal and
the PCM pulses.

Please attach the input signal waveform and sampling pulse together with the answer
booklet.
(8 marks)
QUESTION 5
a)

State three (3) advantages of fiber optic cables over the electrical cables. List three (3)
common modes of fiber optic cable. Illustrate the light propagation and dispersion
characteristics of each mode.
(10 marks)

b)

State the main functions of satellite transponder.


In a satellite communication system, define an uplink and a downlink. Discuss why an
uplink and downlink frequencies have to be different.
(10 marks)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL

e
k
To
c
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u0

APPENDIX 1

EE/OCT2012/ECM241

=charge of electron
=1.602 x 10"19 C
=Boltzman's Constant
=1.380 x 10"23J/K
=Standard noise temperature
=290 K
=velocity of light in vacuum
=2.99792 x10 8 m/s
=electric permittivity of free space
=8.854 x 10"12 F/m
=permeability of free space
=1.257 x 10^H/m

Trigonometric Identities
e~p = COSJC + jsin x

(Euler's theorem)

cos(x y) = cosxcos^ + sin x sin y


sin(x y) = sin x cosy cos x sin y

cos

JC +

sin

JC

= +sinx
COSJC

v
1J
COS2JC = cos2 x - sin 2 x
sin 2 * = 2 sin x COSJC
2 cos x cos y = COS(JC -y)+COS(JC
2 sin JC sin y = COS(JC - y ) -

+ y)

cos(x + ,y)

2 sin x cosy = sin(jc - y) + sm(x + y)


2cos 2 x = l + cos2x
2sin 2 X = 1-COS2JC

Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA

CONFIDENTIAL

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