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EE/OCT 2012/ECM241
COURSE
COURSE CODE
ECM241
EXAMINATION
OCTOBER 2012
TIME
3 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1.
2.
Answer ALL questions in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page.
3.
Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigilator.
4.
Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of:
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
EE/OCT2012/ECM241
QUESTION 1
a)
Describe the function and main process of the transmitter. Hence, sketch the basic block
diagram of a transmitter.
(6 marks)
b)
Explain balanced and unbalanced transmission line. Give two examples and sketch the
cable for each type.
(9 marks)
c)
Give two (2) characteristics of an electromagnetic wave. Determine the wavelength for
electromagnetic wave with frequency of 33 MHz.
(5 marks)
QUESTION 2
a)
b)
Illustrate the AM process by showing the sinusoidal modulating signal waveform, carrier
signal waveform and modulated signal waveform. Assume modulation index is 50%.
(4 marks)
c)
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
EE/OCT2012/ECM241
QUESTION 3
a)
State the two (2) types of angle modulation and hence describe these two (2) modulation
techniques.
(5 marks)
b)
c)
The standard FM broadcast band has a frequency range from 88 MHz to 108 MHz. The
maximum permitted deviation is 75 kHz, with modulating frequency up to 15 kHz.
Determine:
i)
ii)
iii)
Hence, by comparing the values of bandwidth calculated using both methods, identify
which method will allow a narrower bandwidth. Then, explain why such differences arise.
(9 marks)
QUESTION 4
a)
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
b)
EE/OCT2012/ECM241
Sketch sample waveforms for the following digital modulation techniques for a binary
input 1011011,
i)
ii)
c)
the waveform of Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) (on the same graph paper of
the input signal in Appendix 3),
the quantized signal and
the PCM pulses.
Please attach the input signal waveform and sampling pulse together with the answer
booklet.
(8 marks)
QUESTION 5
a)
State three (3) advantages of fiber optic cables over the electrical cables. List three (3)
common modes of fiber optic cable. Illustrate the light propagation and dispersion
characteristics of each mode.
(10 marks)
b)
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
e
k
To
c
e0
u0
APPENDIX 1
EE/OCT2012/ECM241
=charge of electron
=1.602 x 10"19 C
=Boltzman's Constant
=1.380 x 10"23J/K
=Standard noise temperature
=290 K
=velocity of light in vacuum
=2.99792 x10 8 m/s
=electric permittivity of free space
=8.854 x 10"12 F/m
=permeability of free space
=1.257 x 10^H/m
Trigonometric Identities
e~p = COSJC + jsin x
(Euler's theorem)
cos
JC +
sin
JC
= +sinx
COSJC
v
1J
COS2JC = cos2 x - sin 2 x
sin 2 * = 2 sin x COSJC
2 cos x cos y = COS(JC -y)+COS(JC
2 sin JC sin y = COS(JC - y ) -
+ y)
cos(x + ,y)
CONFIDENTIAL
m
0
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.40
2.50
2.75
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
5.00
5.50
6.00
6.50
7.00
7.50
8.00
8.50
8.65
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
16.00
17.00
Jo
Jl
J3
h i h
J8
Jio
Jll
Jll
JM
Jw
hi
J17
JIB
hi
J20
1.00
0.98
0.12
0.94
0.24
0.03
0.86
0.35
0.07
0.01
0.77
0.44
0.11
0.02
0.65
051
0.17
0.04
0.51
0.56
0.23
0.06
0.01
0.37
0.58
0.29
0.09
0.02
0.22
0.58
0.35
0.13
0.03
0.01
0.08
0.55
0.40
0.17
0.05
0.01
0.00
0.52
0.43
0.20
0.06
0.02
-0.05
0.50
0.45
0.22
0.07
0.02
-0.16
0.43
0.47
0.26
0.10
0.03
0.01
-0.26
0.34
0.49
0.31
0.13
0.04
0.01
-0.38
014
0.46
0.39
0.20
0.08
0.03
-0.40
-0.07
0.36
0.43
0.28
0.13
0.05
0.01
-0.32
-0.23
0.22
0.42
0.35
0.20
0.08
0.03
0.01
-018
-0.33
005
0.36
0.39
0.28
0.13
0.06
0.02
0.01
0.00
-0.34
-0.12
0.26
0.40
0.32
0.19
0.09
0.03
0.01
0.15
-0.28
-0.24
0.11
0.36
0.36
0.25
0.13
0.06
0.02
001
0.26
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-0.31
-0.03
0.28
0.37
0.30
018
0.09
0.04
0.01
0.30
-0.01
-0.30
-0.17
0.16
0.35
0.34
0.23
0.13
0.06
0.02
0.01
0.27
0.14
-0.23
-0.26
0.02
0.28
0.35
0.28
0.17
0.09
0.04
0.01
0.01
0.17
0.24
-0.11
-0.29
-011
0.19
0.34
0.32
0.22
0.13
0.06
0.03
0.01
004
0.27
0.02
-0.26
-0.21
0.07
0.29
034
0.27
0.17
0.09
0.04
0.02
0.01
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027
0.06
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-0 23
0.03
0.27
0.34
0.28
0.18
0.10
0.05
0.02
0.01
-0.09
0.25
014
-0.18
-0.27
-0.06
0.20
0.33
0.30
0.21
0.13
0.06
0.03
001
-025
004
026
0.06
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-0.23
-0.01
0.22
0.32
029
021
012
0.06
0.03
0.01
-017
-0.18
0.14
0.23
-0.01
-0.24
-0.20
002
0.23
0.31
0.28
0.20
0.12
0.06
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.05
-0.22
-0.88
0.20
0.18
-0.07
-0.24
-0.17
0.04
0.23
030
0.27
0.20
0.12
0.07
0.03
0.01
0.01
021
-0.07
-022
0.00
0.22
0.13
-0.12
-0.24
-0.14
0.07
0.23
0.29
0.26
0.19
0.12
0.07
0.03
0.01
0.17
0.13
-015
-0.18
0.08
-0.15
-0.23
-0.11
0.08
0.24
0.29
0.25
0.19
0.12
0.07
0.03
0.02
0.01
-001
0.20
0.04
-0.19
-0.12
0.13
0.21
003
-0.17
-0.22
-O.09
0.10
0.24
0.28
0.25
0.18
012
0.07
003
0.02 ; 0.01
-0.17
0.09
0.19
-0.04
-0.20
-0.06
0.17
0.18
-0.01
-0.19
-0.21
-0.07
0.11
0.24
0.27
0.24
0.18
0.11
0.07
0.03 | 0.02
-0.17
-0.10
0.16
014
-011
-0.19
0.00
0.19
0.15
-0.04
-0.20
-0.19
-0.05
0.12
0.24
0.27
0.23
0.17
0.11
0.07
0.01
0.01
0.01
| 0.04