CALCULATOR, FORMULAS, TECHNIQUES & SHORT-CUTS FOR MATHEMATICS

1. A committee of 3 members is to be formed

consisting of one representative each from labor,
management, and the public. If there are 3 possible
representatives from labor, 2 from management,
and 4 from the public, determine how many different
committees can be formed.
A. 16

B. 24 *

A. 8,709,120 *

Formula:
Fundamental Principle of counting:mxn ways
2. In how many ways can 5 differently colored
marbles be arranged in a row?
A. 120 *

B. 140

3. In how many ways can 10 people be seated on a

bench if only 4 seats are available?

Solution:

C. 4050

A. 2520 *

P=

nPr
4. It is required to seat 5 men and 4 women in a row
so that the women occupy the even places. How
many such arrangements are possible?
B. 8502

Solution:
m x n ways

m = 5! To seat 5 men in Odd places

n = 4! To seat 4 women in Even places
5. How many 4-digit numbers can be formed with the
10 digits 0, 1, 2, 3 . . . 9 if the last digit must be zero
and repetitions are not allowed?
A. 4536

B. 504 *

Use counting principle: m x n ways.

Start with the most critical digit, the last digit. Then,
the first digit.

RBF

B. 5022

n!
q!r !s!...

8. In how many ways can 7 people be seated at a

round table if 2 particular people must not sit next to
each other?
A. 460

B. 480 *

Solve the total ways without restriction:

PT = ( n 1) ! Circular Permutation
Solve the total ways as 2 particular people sit next to
each other. Then subtract it to the total.
9. In how many ways can 10 objects be split into two
groups containing 4 and 6 objects, respectively?
A. 110

B. 210 *

nCr

11. Out of 5 mathematicians and 7 physicists, a

committee consisting of 2 mathematicians and 3
physicists is to be formed. In how many ways can
this be done if one particular physicist must be on
the committee?
B. 122

m x n ways
Since this is grouping, use combination,
For physicist, only 2 are need from 6.
12. Out of 5 mathematicians and 7 physicists, a
committee consisting of 2 mathematicians and 3
physicists is to be formed. In how many ways can
this be done if two particular mathematicians cannot
be on the committee?
A. 150

B. 105 *

m x n ways
Since this is grouping, use combination,
For mathematians, only 3 are qualified for committee.
13. How many different salads can be made from
lettuce, escarole, endive, watercress, and chicory?
A. 30
B. 31 *

2n 1

B. 250

A.

9
*
13

C.

10
13

PA = 1 PNot A
PE or F = PE + PF PE and F with common outcomes
18. A ball is drawn at random from a box containing 6
red balls, 4 white balls, and 5 blue balls. Determine
the probability that it is red or white.
2
5
A.
*
B.
3
7

PE or F = PE + P F
19. A fair die is tossed twice. Find the probability of
getting a 4, 5, or 6 on the first toss and a 1, 2, 3, or 4
on the second toss.
A.

14. From 7 consonants and 5 vowels, how many words

can be formed consisting of 4 different consonants
and 3 different vowels? The words need not have
meaning.

2
5

B.

1
*
3

For independent events:

PA x PB
20. Find the probability of a 4 turning up at least once
in two tosses of a fair die.

Answer: 1,764,000

m x n ways
This is combination of grouping and arrangement.

A. 6 *

N 1
; if N ( sum ) 6
36
13 N
P=
;if N ( sum ) 7
36
1
Answer:
9
17. A card is drawn at random from an ordinary deck of
52 playing cards. Find the probability that it is
neither a four nor a club.
P=

15. For what value of n is 3 i n +1C3 = 7 i nC2 .

10. In how many ways can a committee of 5 people be

chosen out of 9 people?
A. 126 *

nCr

A. 150 *

Consider the mathematics books as a group and

assume as 1 book. The math books are arrange in a
group.

Formula:

A. 2880 *

C. 709,812

7. Five red marbles, two white marbles, and three

blue marbles are arranged in a row. If all the
marbles of the same color are not distinguishable
from each other, how many different arrangements
are possible?

Formula:
nPn = n!

A. 5040 *

6. Four different mathematics books, six different

physics books, and two different chemistry books
are to be arranged on a shelf. How many different
arrangements are possible if only the mathematics
books must stand together?

B. 8

16. Two dice are rolled; find the probability of getting a

sum of 9.

A.

1
6

B.

11
*
36

Re peated Trials Probability:

P = C(n ,r) pr qn r
21. One bag contains 4 white balls and 2 black balls;
another contains 3 white balls and 5 black balls. If

CALCULATOR, FORMULAS, TECHNIQUES & SHORT-CUTS FOR MATHEMATICS

one ball is drawn from each bag, find the probability
that one is white and one is black.
A.

13
*
24

B.

5
12

Expectation = ( prize )( probability )

Ticket price is the equal to expected amount
of money to be won.
Answer: P0.20

Independent events and the situation

can be interchange.

25. Find the mean of 8, 15, 19, 24, and 14.

A. 12

22. The probability that a regularly scheduled flight

departs on time is P(D) = 0.83, the probability that it
arrives on time is P(A) = 0.92, and the probability
that it departs and arrives on time is 0.78. Find the
probability that a plane (a) arrives on time given that
it departed on time, and (b) departed on time given
that it has arrived on time.
a. 0.94
b. 0.85

P (B / A ) =

26. Find the median for 8, 15, 19, 24, and 14.
A. 15 *

B. 24

27. Find the mode of 24, 17, 32, 17, 15, and 19.

P ( A and B )

A. 17 *

B. 15

P(A)

Mode is the value that occur most frequent.

where :
P (B / A ) = Pr obability of B given event A
happen.
P ( A and B ) = Pr obability of A and B happen
P ( A ) = Pr obability of event A

23. The probability that both stages of a 2-stage

missile will function correctly is 0.95. The probability
that the first stage will function correctly is 0.98.
What is the probability that the second stage will
function correctly given that the first one does?
Answer: 0.97

Conditional Probability:
P ( A and B )
P(A)

24. In a lottery there are 200 prizes of P5, 20 prizes of

P25, and 5 prizes of P100. Assuming that 10,000
tickets are to be issued and sold, what is a fair price
to pay for a ticket?

RBF

x1 + x 2 + + x n
n

Arrange from lowest to highest and find the middle.

Conditional Probability :

P (B / A ) =

x=

B. 16 *

28. Find the range for 8, 15, 19, 24, and 14.
A. 24

C. 16 *

Range:Highest Lowest
29. Find the standard deviation: 10, 12, 15, 18, and 20.
Answer: 3.68

Use calcu.