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THOMPSONS EXPERIMENT
Nurhidayah*), Nurul Ilmi Lukman, Zainla Bakri
Modern Physics Laboratory of Physics Department
State University of Makassar
Abstract. After done measurement of e/m based on J.J. Thompsons experiment. Objectives of this experiment
are understand the principle of J.J. Thompsons experiment and determine the value of e/m. Thompson
discovered that cathode rays are composed of particles called negative electron Cathode emit negatively charged
electrons are accelerated by the withdrawal of the positively charged anode. This experiment aims to understand
the principle of J.J. Thompsons experiment and determining the values of e/m for the electron particle.
Experimental results obtained by measuring the radius of the electron beam by changing the voltages and
currents. This experimental method is similar to the experiment J.J. Thompson conducted , by accelerating the
electron beam through a known potential magnitude. By knowing the potential magnitude speedups, the electron
velocity can be determined. A pair of Helmholtz coils are used to generate a uniform magnetic field in the
direction perpendicular to the electron beam. The magnetic field distorts the electron beam in a circle. By
measuring the accelerating potential (V), the Helmholtz coil current (I), and the radius of circular electron beam
(r), the value of e / m can be calculated easily. Based on the result, we get that the average value of e/m
|1,78 0,05| 1011 C /kg is approaching the value of e/m based on theory, that is e/m
11
1,7588 10 C /kg . In addition, we also derive the conclusion that the number of radius rays of electron
is perpendicular to the value of the voltage and inversely proportional to the velue of the current.
v2
evB=m
r
From this equation we obtain the
expression for the charge-to-mass ration of the
electron, expressed through the experimental
parameters:
e v
=
m rB
We shall calculate magnetic field B
using the Biot-Savart law for the two current
loops of the Helmholtz coils:
B=
8 0 N I hc
125
a
2eVa
m
e 2Va
=
m B 2r2
The accepted value for the charge-tomass ratio of the electron is e/m =
1,7588196x1011 C/kg.
5 3 2
a
4
e v
= =
m Br ( N O Ir )2
2V
()
e 2V
=
m B 2r2
V = accelerating potential
B
= magnetic field =
2
Wb /m
,
a = radius of
7,80 104 I
Helmholtz coil (m), N = number of
With,
(v).
Nu
m
Accelerating
Current V,
volt (V)
1
2
3
4
5
6
225
225
225
225
225
225
The Coil
Current
I, ampere
(A)
1,30
1,36
1,42
1,52
1,56
1,66
Ray radii r
(
102
m)
5,00
4,75
4,50
4,25
4,00
3,75
e 2V
=
m B 2r2
e V I r e
=
+
+
x
m
V
2 I 2r m
e
m
100
Relative Uncertainty (RU)
e
m
Nu
|me me | kgC
Physics Report
1
2
3
4
5
6
V =225 volt
I =1,30 ampere so
Wb
B= 7,80 104 2 ( 1,30 A )
m A
10,14 10
RU
Wb
m2
2,80% 97,20%
2,88% 97,12%
2,98% 97.02%
3,12% 96,88%
3,28% 96,72%
3,40% 96,60%
Average
e 2V
=
m B 2r2
e
=
m
2(225 volt)
2
4 Wb
10,14 10
(5 102 m)2
2
m
e
11 C
=1,75 10
m
kg
e V I r e
=
+
+
x
m
V
2 I 2r m
e
1V
0,01 A
0,2 102 m
=
+
+
x 1,75
m 225 V 2 ( 1,30 A ) 2 ( 5,0 102 m )
11
1
2
3
4
5
246
266
296
326
360
10
Accelerating
Current V,
volt (V)
The Coil
Current
I, ampere
(A)
1,66
1,66
1,66
1,66
1,66
Ray radii r
(
2
10
m)
4,00
4,25
4,50
4,75
5,00
V =246 volt
I =1,66 ampere so
Wb
B= 7,80 104 2 ( 1,66 A )
m A
Nu
m
And,
e C
( )
m kg
|1,76 0,04|1011
|1,63 0,04|1011
|1,81 0,05| 1011
|1,77 0,05|1011
|1,89 0,06|1011
|1,91 0,06| 1011
|1,78 0,05| 1011
DC
12,94 104
Wb
2
m
C
kg
e
C
=0,049 1011
m
kg
e 2V
=
m B 2r2
e
=
m
C
0,049 10
kg
100 =2.80
RU
C
1,75 10 11
kg
11
e
C
=|1,75 0,04| 1011
m
kg
2(246 volt )
2
4 Wb
2
2
12,94 10
(4 10 m)
2
m
e
C
=1,84 1011
m
kg
And,
e V I r e
=
+
+
x
m
V
2 I 2r m
1011
C
kg
e
C
=0,059 1011
m
kg
C
kg
100 =2.71
RU
C
11
1,84 10
kg
11
0,059 10
e
C
=|1,84 0,05| 1011
m
kg
The next result is shown by table of e/m
analysis below:
Table 4. Table of e/m with constant voltage analyssis
result
Nu
1
2
3
4
5
RU
DC
3,71% 96,29%
3,02% 96,98%
2,81% 97.19%
2,67% 97,33%
2,57% 97,43%
Average
e C
( )
m kg
|1,84 0,05|1011
|1,75 0,05| 1011
|1,74 0,04| 1011
|1,72 0,04|1011
|1,71 0,04|1011
|1,75 0,04|1011
1,7588 1011
C
. We saw table 2 and
kg