Unit I L1 (Ch15)

Fluids Pressure,
Pressure & Depth

Density
= M/V

unit: kg / m3 [or g/cm3]

Density of water
w = 1000 kg / m3 = 1 g / cm3 = 1 g/ml
1 gallon of water = 3.79 L
the mass of 1 gallon water
= _3.79_kg

Is air light or heavy?

* comparing the mass of a carton full of
eggs in a refrigerator and the mass of
the air in the refrigerator.
a) A carton of egg
meggs = 12 * (44g) = 0.53 kg
b) In a fridge of 1.0m x 0.60m x 0.75m,
the air weighs (air = 1.29 kg/m3)
mair = V
= _0.58_ kg

Working with fluid not solid

Pressure P
P = F / A unit: N/m2
1 N/m2 = 1 pascal (Pa)
Pressure is increased if F
increase or if F is applied to a
smaller area.

Decreasing pressure by increasing area

Increasing floating force by increasing area

A boat made of concrete floats on water

Popping a balloon
Find the pressure exerted on the
skin of a balloon if you press with
a force of 2.1 N using
a) your finger (Area = 1.0*10-4 m2)
P = _2.1*104__ N/m2
b) a needle (Area = 2.5*10-7 m2)
P = _8.4*106 _ N/m2

Atmospheric Pressure
- Patm is a direct result of the weight
of the air above us.
= 1.01 * 105 N/m2
= 101 kPa
1 bar = 105 Pa 1 Patm

Patm

Gauge Pressure
Pg = P - Patm

Force on your palm

Find the force exerted on the
palm of your hand by
atmospheric pressure, assuming
your palm measures 0.080 m by
0.10 m.
F = Patm * A
= _8.1*102_ N

Static Equilibrium in Fluids

Pressure and Depth
* At a depth h below the surface of
a fluid, the pressure P is
P = Patm + gh
where is the density of the fluid

The Size of Bubbles

Pressure under the deep ocean

* The Titanic was found lying on
the bottom of the N. Atlantic at a
depth of 2.5 miles. What is the
pressure at this depth?
(take = 1025 kg/m3)
P = Patm + gh
= ___4.0 * 107 Pa__ N/m2

 Pressure at a
depth in a
fluid acts
equally in all
directions,
and acts at
right angles
to any
surface

Buoyant force on the

block is the difference
between the upward
and downward forces.
FB = PA P0A
= (Patm + g(d+h))A
(Patm + gd)A
= ghA
= flgVblock
= mflg

Pressure P1 depends
on which of the
followings:
1) volume of the
container
2) volume of the
block
3) d
4) d

Pressure and Depth

A cubical box 20.00 cm on a side is
completely immersed in a fluid. At the
top of the box, P1 is 105.0 kPa, at the
bottom P2 is 106.8 kPa. What is the
density of the fluid?
P1 = Patm + gd

P2 = Patm + g(d+0.2)
P2 P1 = g*0.2
= 900 kg/m3

Oil and water does not mix

density of the oil is 9.20*102 kg/m3
density of water is 1.00*103 kg/m3
Find height difference h = ?

PA = PB
wgh1=oilgh2
h = h2-h1
= 0.400 cm

#18

h = h2-h1
= 0.400 cm

HW L1 Ch15
#3
#15
#19
#25
#27

Unit I L2 (Ch15)
Fluids Pascals,
Archimedes,
Bernoullis

Barometer
Pat = gh
For mercury (Hg)
= 1.3595 *104 kg/m3
h = 760 mm

Do Now - Page 532 #28

P due to the weight of water
Pw = wg (1-d)
P due to weight of Hg
PHg = Hgg d
Pw + PHg + Patm= 2Patm
0.72

1- d

1 meter
d

Pascals Principle
An external pressure applied to an
enclosed fluid is transmitted
unchanged to every point within the
fluid.

P = Patm + gh
P1 = (Patm + P ) + gh
= Patm + gh + P
= P + P

Pascals Principle at work

hydraulic lift

P1 = P2
= P1 F1 / A1
F2 = P2 * A2
F1 / F2 = A1 / A2

F1 = F2 * A1/A2
F1 / A1 = F2 / A2

Hydraulic lift
To inspect a 1,200-kg car, it is
raised with a hydraulic lift. If the
radius of the small piston is 4.0
cm, and the radius of the large
piston is 17 cm, find the force that
must be exerted on the small
piston to lift the car.
F1 = _6.5*102_ N

Fluid flow and continuity

A 1 v 1 = A2 v 2
Ideal fluid: incompressible & nonviscous

Bernoullis equation
P1 + v12 + gy1 = P2+ v22 + gy2
- higher v is associated with lower P

Airplane liftBernoullis principle in action

Archimedes Principle
& Buoyancy
An object immersed
in a fluid experiences an
upward buoyant force
equal in magnitude to
the weight of fluid
displaced by the object.
Fb = fluid gVblock

Volume of fluid displaced

Comparing buoyant force 1

Two cubic blocks have the same
dimension but are made of different
materials. One is made of steel, the
other of wood. When dropped into a
cup filled with water, both cubes will
sink. Which cube will experience
greater buoyant force?
the same

Comparing buoyant force 2

Two cubic blocks have the same
dimension. One block is made of
styrofoam, and the other is made of
balsa wood. When dropped into a cup
filled with water, both cubes float.
Which block experiences greater
buoyant force?
styrofoam =100 kg/m3 balsa = 120 kg/m3
Balsa wood

Archimedes principle
* A flask of water rests on a scale. If
you dip your finger into the water,
without touching the flask, does the
reading on the scale
a) increase
b) decrease
c) stay the same.
increase

Measuring body
density
As shown in the
figure, the weight of
the person in air is
W = mg = 720.0 N,
and the apparent
weight in water is
Wa = 34 N.

Fb = W - Wa = wgV
Vp = 6.99 * 10-2 m3p
Find volume of the
p =m/Vp
person, & his density.
=1050 kg/m3

ice= 920 kg/m3

What
percentage
of the
icebergs
volume
is under
water?
%= 90%

sea-water= 1025 kg/m3

Find tension in the string

A piece of wood with a density of 706
kg/m3 is tied with a string to the bottom
of a water-filled flask. The wood is
completely immersed, and has a
volume of 8.00 * 10-6 m3.
What is the tension
in the string?
T + mg = Fb
T = Fb mg = 0.024 N

Co-meeting work
- complete and hand in
chapter 15
#32
#34
#44

#34 (5.3 kN)

1. FBD
2. F=ma
Fb = WHe+Wload+Wballon
airgV = HegV+Wload+mballong

WHe

Wballoon
Wload

HW L2 Ch15
#33
#35
#43
#47
This homework will be checked
for work.