Introduction of Web hosting

Web hosting refers to a service that places your web site on the Internet. In other words, it
makes your website available to your users. In general, most websites are designed to be
seen by anyone on the internet at any time. If you want all of the internet to be able to see
your website at any time, make sure that your site is running on a computer connected to
the Internet 24 hours a day, 7 days a week (24/7) .
A good web hosting company will provide at least the following services:
24/7 support
24/7 FTP access (so you can update your website)
A number of email accounts (i.e. yourName@yourDomain.com)
Online control panel for managing your website
Online traffic statistics (so you can see how much traffic your website
receives)
A robust database management system, such as MySQL or MS SQL. This is
so you can add your own database if required

Domain name
Domain names are a special name, which you can use for your website. When you use it
on your website, users can reach your site by typing the domain name in the browser
address bar. Example domain names are quackit.com, great-workout.com and
google.com. You can "good training reach site by typing the domain name (greatworkout.com) in the address bar.
Most websites have implemented a www sub domain of their domain name so you can
access the site by typing www" followed by the domain name (eg www.greatworkout.com). This is done on the DNS server when you registered the domain name,
and has nothing to do with the domain name (ie you can add www to domain name). You
can also add other sub domains as you want.
Types of Domain Names
There are more domain names than just those with a .com suffix. There are many other
suffixes that can be used, such as .net, .org, .biz, .info to name a few. Most of these have a
general purpose, for example, .org was created for organizations, .info was created for
information sites etc.
There are also country specific domains. For example, Australia uses .com.au, New
Zealand uses .co.nz.
Choosing a Domain Name
You must choose a domain name that really reflects what your site is about. You should
try to keep your domain name short. If it is composed of several words, consider

separating each word with a type. This will depend largely on how the domain looks with
and without exaggeration. It will also depend on the availability of your preferred domain
name.
Registering a Domain Name
You do not actually have to buy a domain name, you save it. To do this, you must register
with a domain name registrar. You can choose how long you want to save for. The
options generally include 1 year to 10 years.
In a sense, you can buy a domain name. You can do it if someone else has already
registered the domain name. What you are really doing well is to buy the right to register.
You should always keep the domain registered with a registrar, otherwise someone else
will be able to register once it expires
Hosting a Domain Name
Once you have registered a domain name, domain name registrar will likely point to a
Web page that they have configured. This page can have ads on it - this way they can
make money from your domain name!
Web Server
A web server is software that makes it possible for a website to be displayed using HTTP.
HTTP (Hyper text Transfer Protocol) is the key to the transmission of data on the
Internet. You know, when you use HTTP because the site URL begins with "http : //" (eg
" http://www.google.com " ) .
You may be thinking "I always thought was a web server, high specific computing
power. Well, you're right too. Some of mainframe called web servers, because they were
built with accommodation in mind. But in most cases, when someone refers to a web
server, they refer to a piece of software that you install on a computer.
What Does a Web Server Look Like?
It depends on which web server you select to install. Here's an example of Microsoft
Internet Information Services (IIS) 5.1 looks like:

The left pane represents the various websites, FTP sites, and SMTP virtual servers. When
an item in the left pane is chosen, the contents are displayed in pane on the right hand
side.
In the above screenshot, there is one website (called "Default Web Site"), one FTP site
(called "Default FTP Site"), and one SMTP virtual server (called "Default SMTP Virtual
Server").
You can right click on an item to display it's properties. For example, you can right click
on "Default Web Site" to display (and configure) the properties of that website.
How Web Servers Work
Whenever you view a web page on the internet, you are requesting that page from a web
server. When you type a URL into your browser (for example,
"http://www.google.com/html/tutorial/index.cfm"), your browser requests the page from
the web server and the web server sends the page back:

The above diagram is a simplistic version of what occurs. Here's a more detailed version:
1. Your web browser first needs to know which IP address the website
"www.google.com" resolves to. If it doesn't already have this information stored
in it's cache, it requests the information from one or more DNS servers (via the
internet). The DNS server tells the browser which IP address the website is
located at. Note that the IP address was assigned when the website was first
created on the web server.
2. Now that the web browser knows which IP address the website is located at, it can
request the full URL from the web server.
3. The web server responds by sending back the requested page. If the page doesn't
exist (or another error occurs), it will send back the appropriate error message.
4. Your web browser receives the page and renders it as required.
Advantages
1. Your local website behaves more like a living room. This allows you to configure the
library security, test your custom error pages, etc. before committing them to the
production environment.
2. You can use the server-side scripting languages like PHP and Cold Fusion.
3. Allows you to standardize your coding. So you can use the root - relative paths for
your reference photos, and links (i.e. /directory/v1.gif ) In other words, your paths
represent the site structure in place.
4. The knowledge gained from using your own web server will help you understand how
it works in the immediate vicinity.
Web browser
Web browser, a browser is a software application that can locate, retrieve and content on
the World Wide Web, including web pages, images, videos and other files to display. As a
model / client- server, the browser is the client is running on a computer that connects to
the Web server and requests for information. The web server sends the information to the

web browser that the result on your computer or other Internet-enabled device that
supports displays a browser. The most common browser software titles on the market
are: Microsoft Internet Explorer, Google's Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Apple's Safari, and
Opera.
How a Web browser Communicate with the Server:
As a web server is responsible for sending web pages. So, web browser on a client when
a browser communicates with a web server.

As seen in the figure a client browser retrieves a web page from the server and displays
the web page in the browser. The communication step between the client and the server
can be summarized.
1. The user specifies what domain and port to connect to. Say that the user want
to visit www.google.com. He/she then types the URL www.google.com in the
browser (Internet Explorer). Internet Explorer will in this case default to the
HTTP protocol, and default to port 80. If the user wanted to connect to another
port, he or she had to write the port number.
2. The browser must now know what IP to connect to. This is not special for the
communication between the web client and web server. The DNS name is just a
name, which is translated into an IP. This is IP is then used to connect to the
server.
3. The client connects to the server. This is done using the IP and port only. The
DNS name (www.ilopia.com) is not in any way used to make this connection. So
far, there is only a connection; the server still does not know what to do.
4. The client now sends a request message using the HTTP protocol.
5. The server examines the request message, and takes action. In the second
example above, the web server will use the host header sent to see if there is
something matching that host header. If there is, it will serve index.html from the

home folder of that website. If www.google.com is not found as a host header in

the web server, it will use the default (if any) website (this is IIS default settings,
it might not be true for other web servers).
6. The server responds to the request by sending some header information, and the
content of the webpage
Introduction Computer Network Protocol
In information technology, a protocol is used (from the Greek protocollon working on a
manuscript volume was a piece of paper notes to describe the contents of) the specific
rules that points at the end in a telecommunication connection for communication. In
information technology, a protocol, the special rules that the use points in a
telecommunication connection to the communication at the end. Protocols specify
interactions between the communication units.
HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)
Hypertext Transfer Protocol is a method for the transfer of information on the web. HTTP
generally published and invokes the HTTP pages on the World Wide Web. HTTP is a
language used for communication between the browser and the web server. The
information is transmitted over HTTP to plain text, audio, video, images and hypertext.
HTTP is a request / response protocol between client and server. Many proxies, tunnels
and gateways between the Web browser (client) and server (Web server) to the existing
ones. An HTTP client initiates a request by establishing a TCP connection to a specific
port on the remote host (usually 80 or 8080. An HTTP server on this port and a request
message from the client. Upon receipt of the application server sends a 200 OK message,
his own message, an error message or a different message.
POP3 (Post Office Protocol)
In computer science, E- Mail Clients, such as (MS Outlook , Outlook
Express and Thunderbird) post office post office protocol to use emails from the server remotely using TCP / IP - connection to retrieve .
Almost all users use the Internet Service Provider in the POP3 in the email to retrieve the e- mails from the Mail Server. Most e-mail
programs use the POP protocol
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

It is a protocol that is used to send the email messages among the servers. Most
email systems and email clients use the SMTP protocol to send messages to one
server to another. In configuring an email application, you need to configure
POP, SMTP and IMAP protocols in your email software. SMTP is a simple,
text based protocol and one or more recipient of the message is specified and
then the message is transferred.

FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

FTP or file transfer protocol is from one computer to another over the Internet or through
or computer network used (upload / download) data. FTP is usually a communication
protocol for transferring files over the Internet. Typically, there are two computers in the
transfer of files on a server and a client involved. The client computer using FTP client
software like CuteFTP, AceFTP etc and initiates a connection to the remote computer
(server). After successfully connecting to the server, the client computer can be a number
of activities, such as downloading files, upload, rename and delete files to perform, create
new folders, etc. Practically operating system supports FTP protocols.
IP (Internet Protocol)

An Internet protocol (IP) is a unique address or identifier of each computer or

communication devices on the network and internet. Any participating
computer networking device such as routers, computers, printers, internet fax
machines and switches may have their own unique IP address. Personal
information about someone can be found by the IP address. Every domain on
the internet must have a unique or shared IP address.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
The DHCP or Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol is a set of rules that
are used by a communication device. Example, router, computer, or
network adapter to secure the device at the request of a server that
has a list of the large number of addresses and obtaining the IP
address. DHCP is a protocol used by the network from the computer to
the IP addresses and other settings to obtain such gateway, DNS,
subnet mask of the DHCP server. DHCP will ensure that all IP addresses
are unique, and the IP address management is performed by the server
and not by man.
IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)
IMAP known as Internet Message Access Protocol to use the access to
the e- mail on the remote server access application layer protocol .
POP3 and IMAP are the two most commonly used e -mail retrieval
protocols. Most e- mail clients such as Outlook Express, Thunderbird
and Outlook -Support POP3 and IMAP. The e- mails are usually stored
on the mail server and retrieve the user usually these messages or via
the web browser or email client. IMAP is common in large networks.
IMAP -user can access their messages directly to their systems.
UDP

The user datagram protocol is a most important protocol of the TCP/IP suite
and is used to send the short messages known as datagram. Common network
applications that uses UDP are DNS, online games, IPTV, TFTP and VOIP.
UDP is very fast and light weight. UDP is an unreliable connectionless protocol

that operates on the transport layer and it is sometimes called Universal

Datagram Protocol.
Website uploading
Once you've signed up with a hosting provider, you will need to upload your website to
the hosting provider's web server. Once it has been uploaded to the web server, anyone
from around the world will be able to visit your website.
The most common method for updating websites is via FTP. FTP stands for File Transfer
Protocol and is the standard protocol for transferring files from one computer to another.
To use FTP, you need an FTP client. An FTP client is simply a piece of software that
enables you to transfer files from one computer to another (in this case, from your
computer to the hosting provider's server).
If you need an FTP client you can download FileZilla for free. Another option is Coffee
Cup Direct FTP , which includes a full-blown HTML editor that lets you edit HTML,
CSS, JavaScript, and PHP files directly on the server.
Setting up your FTP Connection
Once you've downloaded and installed an FTP client, you can configure a connection for
your website. In FileZilla, you do this via the Site Manager as follows:
1. Open the Site Manager (File > Site Manager)
2. Click New (a new site will appear)
3. Give the new site a name (i.e. the name of your website)
4. In the right hand pane (Site Details), enter your hostname, username, password
and any other details your hosting provider has given you.
5. Check Don't save password
6. Click Save

Note that your FTP client may have a slight variation on these steps, but most FTP clients
have a similar method for configuring new connections.
Connecting to your Website
The above steps simply configure your FTP client to remember the details of your site so
that you don't have to enter these details in every time you need to update your website.
You'll notice in step 5 we selected the "Don't save password" option. For security reasons,
you should not let the program remember your password - you should enter this every
time you connect. Otherwise, imagine what could happen to your website if your
computer got stolen...
To connect to your website, either:
1. Open the Site Manager (File > Site Manager)
2. Select your website (by clicking on it)
3. Click Connect
Uploading your Files
Once you connect to your website, you will see your local drive on the left pane, and
your remote website on the right pane. The first time you connect you will need to upload
your whole website into one of the directories on the remote site.
In most cases, this is all you need to do. Your website will appear as soon as you type its
URL into your browser's address bar.
Some web hosting providers may require that you perform another step before the
changes go live. For example, they might require that you run replication process via
their online control panel. This would be the case if the FTP server was on a different
computer to your physical website. This provides an extra layer of security to your
website.