Chemistry

Section 6.5
PowerPoint Notes

Fill in the blanks and take any applicable notes as participate in the power point
presentation.

Slide 2:
VSEPR stands for “______________________________________________________”.
VSEPR says that ________________________________ between the pairs of valence
electrons (shared and unshared pairs) surrounding an atom causes them to be oriented as
far________________________________as possible.
This theory accounts for different ________________________________

Slide 3: Molecular Shapes:

It is easy to see that _______________________________ molecules will have a
_______________________________ shape (two _______________________________
make a line)
_______________________________ helps us understand more complex molecules.
_______________________________want to get as far apart from each other to
minimize the effects of _______________________________ forces caused by like-
charges.

Slide 4: Some Basic Shapes:

Let’s say A represents a “________________________” atom.
Let’s say B represents atoms ________________________ to the central atom.
AB2, AB3, and AB4 would have the following shapes: ________________________,
________________________, and ________________________, respectively.

Linear means ________________________________________________

Trigonal means ________________________ sides and planar means in the shape of a

________________________
Tetrahedral means ________________________ equal sides.
BeF2 (Beryllium fluoride) is an example of a molecule with a
________________________shape. The angle between bonds is __________________
degrees.

Chem 6.5 ppt NOTES 1

BF3 (boron trifluoride) is a an example of molecule with a ___________________ shape.
There is an angle of ________________________ degrees between bonds.
Methane (CH4) has a ________________________ shape. The angle between bonds is
________________________ degrees.
Electron pairs want to ________________________________________________.

Identity the following molecular shapes:

________________________ ________________________ ______________________

Slide 5: VSEPR also considers unshared pairs

If A is a central atom, B are atoms bonded to the central atom, and E represents
________________________, then. . Ammonia (NH3), AB3E and water (H2O), AB2E2
have ________________________ and________________________shapes,
respectively.

________________________ has a pyramidal shape. The

unshared pair are on ________________________ of the
molecule.

Water has a ________________________ shape because the

Shared and ________________________ pairs of electrons
Want to get as far apart from each other as possible.

Chem 6.5 ppt NOTES 2

Slide 7: Hybridization
Another thing that controls molecular shape is ________________________.
Hybridization is the creation of ________________________ of equal energy by
rearranging ________________________ from orbitals of nearly the same energy.
________________________ is a great example of hybridization.

Draw the orbital notation for carbon:

Draw the orbital notation for hybridized carbon:

When carbon hybridizes an electron from the ________________________ moves Into

the empty ________________________ orbital. This creates
________________________ orbitals of equal energy. There are _________________
sites for bonding. That is why carbon forms four bonds.

Slide 8: More Hybridization

Carbon forms an ________________________: one s orbital and three p orbitals of
equal energy.
________________________ hybrids can also be formed. ________________________
are orbitals of equal energy produced by the combination of two or more orbitals on the
same atom.

Slide 9: Hybrid Orbitals

This shows the formation of sp hybrids.

Chem 6.5 ppt NOTES 3

An sp2 hybrid forms when an s orbital hybridizes with 2 p orbitals.

Slide 10: Intermolecular Forces

________________________ forces are forces of attraction between molecules. They are
generally ________________________ than ionic, covalent or metallic bonds. The
higher the boiling point of a substance the ________________________ the forces
between particles in the substance. ________________________ have the greatest forces
of attraction, followed by ________________________ bonds, polar covalent bonds, and
finally ________________________ covalent bonds.

Slide 11: Types of Intermolecular Forces.

List three major types of intermolecular forces:
a) ________________________________________________
b) ________________________________________________
c) ________________________________________________
Slide 12: Dipole-Dipole Forces
These are forces that form between ________________________ (dipoles)
Polarity of a molecule depends on the type of ________________________ and the
________________________ of the molecule. Hydrogen chloride (HCl), water (H20),
and ammonia (NH3) are all ________________________

Chem 6.5 ppt NOTES 4

Slide 13: Hydrogen Bonds
Hydrogen Bond is a type of ________________________force.
________________________is the intermolecular force in which a _________________
atom that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom is ________________________ to
an ________________________ pair of electrons of an electronegative atom in a nearby
molecule.
Slide 14: London Dispersion Forces
The ________________________ of intermolecular forces produced by unequal
distribution of ________________________ in atoms or molecules as they move about.
causes ________________________ in adjacent atoms. Electrons move around and may
so ________________________ build a ________________________ Only force of
attraction between ________________________and ________________________.The
more electrons in the atom or molecule (larger the ________________________or
molecular mass) the ________________________the attraction.
Slide 15:

Chem 6.5 ppt NOTES 5