ANDROID SEMINAR

SEMINAR REPORT
ON
ANDROID OPERATING SYSTEM

Workshop Conducted
By
Department of Computer Engineering

Department of Information & Technology

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PREFACE
A workshop was arranged on Android technology By O.I.E.T. (Om Institute of
Engineering & Technology) Computer and IT Departments. Android is the latest mobile
operating system and students of CE/IT has a vast scope in developing side on android
platform. This report is on the basics of android OS and workshop conducted in O.I.E.T.

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INTRODUCTION
Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system,
middleware and key applications.
Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system,
middleware and key applications. Android is a software platform and operating system for
mobile devices based on the Linux operating system and developed by Google and the Open
Handset Alliance. It allows developers to write managed code in a Java-like language that
utilizes Google-developed Java libraries, but does not support programs developed in native
code.
The unveiling of the Android platform on 5 November 2007 was announced with the
founding of the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of 34 hardware, software and telecom
companies devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices. When released in 2008,
most of the Android platform will be made available under the Apache free-software and
open-source license.

Operating Systems have developed a lot in last 15 years. Starting from black and white
phones to recent smart phones or mini computers, mobile OS has come far away. Especially
for smart phones, Mobile OS has greatly evolved from Palm OS in 1996 to Windows pocket
PC in 2000 then to Blackberry OS and Android.

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HISTORY OF ANDROID

Google acquired the startup company Android Inc. in 2005 to start the development of the
Android Platform. The key players at Android Inc. included Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick
Sears, and Chris White.
The Android SDK was first issued as an early look release in November 2007.
In September 2008 T-Mobile announced the availability of the T-Mobile G1, the first
smartphone based on the Android Platform.
A few days after that, Google announced the availability of Android SDK Release Candidate
1.0.
In October 2008, Google made the source code of the Android Platform available under
Apaches open source license.
Android, INC. was founded in Palo Alto, California in October 2003 by Andy Rubin. In
Rubin words smarter mobile devices that are more aware of its owners location and
preferences. Early intentions of the company were to a develop an advanced operation
system for digital cameras, when it was realized that the market for the devices was not large
enough, and diverted their efforts to producing the smart phones operating system to rival
those of Symbian and windows mobiles. During the year 1950, the computer could carry
out operation for only a single program at a time. a program could early out using toggle
switch and panel lights on the front panel.
Despite the past accomplishments of the founders and early employees, android INC.
operated secretly, revealing only that was working on software for mobile phones. At
Google, the team led by Rubin developed mobile device platform powered by the Linux
kernel.
Android, This word means a lot in present High-Tech World. Today Smartphone are known
for its operating system which is Android. Earlier there is no option for operating systems
like Android in mobile, as usual there are Symbian, java featured operating systems but
today things had changed a lot, everyone wants a Smartphone which is functioned on
Android only. Even if someone asks me that what Smartphone would I should buy? I suggest
them to buy a one which consist of android in it with latest version no matter whats the
cost. In a very short span of time android created a reputed place in the market. What is this
Android actually? Android is a software cluster for mobile devices that includes an operating
system OS, key applications and middleware. The Android SDK provides the tools and APIs
required to begin developing applications on the Android platform using the Java
programming language. About the design, Kernel of Android is based on Linux kernel and
further furnished by Google. Android doesnt have a essential X Window System nor does
it support the full set of standard GNU libraries, which makes it difficult to port existing
Linux applications or libraries to Android

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FEATURES OF ANDROID SYSTEM

1. Media streaming
2. Media support
3. Multi touch
4. Multitasking
5. Web browser security
6. External storage
7. Hardware support
8. Screen captured
9. Other java support
10. Voice calling on internet
11. Handset layouts
12. Multilanguages support
13. References
14. Accessibility
15. Connectivity
16. Bluetooth
17. Universal edit button

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ANDROID ARCHITECTURE DIAGRAM

The above figure shows the diagram of Android Architecture. The Android OS can be
referred to as a software stack of different layers, where each layer is a group of
several program components. Together it includes operating system, middleware and
important applications. Each layer in the architecture provides different services to the layer
just above it. We will examine the features of each layer in detail.

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Linux Kernel

The basic layer is the Linux kernel. The whole Android OS is built on top of the Linux 2.6
Kernel with some further architectural changes made by Google. It is this Linux that
interacts with the hardware and contains all the essential hardware drivers. Drivers are
programs that control and communicate with the hardware. For example, consider the
Bluetooth function. All devices has a Bluetooth hardware in it. Therefore the kernel must
include a Bluetooth driver to communicate with the Bluetooth hardware. The Linux kernel
also acts as an abstraction layer between the hardware and other software layers. Android
uses the Linux for all its core functionality such as Memory management, process
management, networking, security settings etc. As the Android is built on a most popular
and proven foundation, it made the porting of Android to variety of hardware, a relatively
painless task.

Libraries

The next layer is the Androids native libraries. It is this layer that enables the device to
handle different types of data. These libraries are written in C or C++ language and are
specific for a particular hardware.
Some of The Important Native Libraries Include The Following
Surface Manager: It is used for compositing window manager with off-screen
buffering. Off-screen buffering means you cant directly draw into the screen, but your
drawings go to the off-screen buffer. There it is combined with other drawings and
form the final screen the user will see. This off screen buffer is the reason behind the
transparency of windows.
Media framework: Media framework provides different media codecs allowing
the recording and playback of different media formats.
SQLite: SQLite is the database engine used in android for data storage purposes
WebKit: It is the browser engine used to display HTML content
OpenGL: Used to render 2D or 3D graphics content to the screen

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Android Runtime

Android Runtime consists of Dalvik Virtual machine and Core Java libraries.
Dalvik Virtual Machine
It is a type of JVM used in android devices to run apps and is optimized for low
processing power and low memory environments. Unlike the JVM, the Dalvik Virtual
Machine doesnt run .class files, instead it runs .dex files. .dex files are built from .class
file at the time of compilation and provides higher efficiency in low resource
environments. The Dalvik VM allows multiple instance of Virtual machine to be
created simultaneously providing security, isolation, memory management and
threading support. It is developed by Dan Bornstein of Google.
Core Java Libraries
These are different from Java SE and Java ME libraries. However these libraries
provides most of the functionalities defined in the Java SE libraries.

Application Framework

These are the blocks that our applications directly interacts with. These programs manage
the basic functions of phone like resource management, voice call management etc. As a
developer, you just consider these are some basic tools with which we are building our
applications.
Important blocks of Application framework are:
Activity Manager: Manages the activity life cycle of applications
Content Providers: Manage the data sharing between applications
Telephony Manager: Manages all voice calls. We use telephony manager if we
want to access voice calls in our application.
Location Manager: Location management, using GPS or cell tower
Resource Manager: Manage the various types of resources we use in our
Application

Applications
Applications are the top layer in the android architecture and this is where our applications
are gone fit. Several standard applications comes pre-installed with every device, such as:

SMS client app

Dialer
Web browser
Contact manager

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ANDROID DEVICE MANAGER ARCHITECTURE

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ANDROID DEVICE MANAGER CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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ANDROID TOUCH SCREEN MECHANISMS

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SEMINAR PHOTO GALLARY

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ADVANTAGES OF ANDROID

1.
2.

Android is open, because it is Linux based open source so it can be developed by anyone.
Easy access to the Android App Market: Android owners are people who love to learn the
phone; with Google's Android App Market you can download applications for free.
3. Populist Operating System: Android Phones, different from the iOS is limited to the iPhone
from Apple, then Android has many manufacturers, with their respective flagship gadget
from HTC to Samsung.
4. USB full facilities. You can replace the battery, mass storage, Disk Drive, and USB
tethering.
5. Easy in terms of notification: the operating system is able to inform you of a new SMS,
Email, or even the latest articles from an RSS Reader.
6. Supports all Google services: Android operating system supports all of Google services
ranging from Gmail to Google reader. All Google services can you have with one operating
system, namely Android.
7. Install ROM modification: There are many customs ROM that you can use on Android
phones, and the guarantee will not harm your device.
8. Ease of notifications
9. Easy to access thousands of applications
10. Phone options are diverted
11. Widget
12. Google maniacs

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DISADVANTAGES OF ANDROID

1. Connected to the Internet: Android can be said is in need of an active internet connection.
At least there should be a GPRS internet connection in your area, so that the device is ready
to go online to suit our needs.
2. Sometimes slow device company issued an official version of Android your own.
3. Android Market is less control of the manager, sometimes there are malware.
4. As direct service providers, users sometimes very difficult to connect with the Google.
5. Sometimes there are ads: because it is easy and free, sometimes often a lot of advertising.
In appearance it does not interfere with the performance of the application itself, as it
sometimes is in the top or bottom of the application.
6. Wasteful Batteries, This is because the OS is a lot of "process" in the background causing
the battery quickly drains.
7. Continuous internet connection
8. Advertising
9. More battery is used during the internet
10. Complex circuit designing is required

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CONCLUSION

The Android is nothing but it is an OS Platform based Linux kernel that supports many
kinds of applications format. The Android is user friendly Media streaming, Media
support, Multi touch, Multitasking, Web browser security, External storage, Hardware
support, Screen captured, Other java support, Voice calling on internet, Handset layouts,
Multilanguages support, References, Accessibility, Connectivity, Bluetooth, Universal
edit buttons.

Android is open to all Industry, developers and users.

Participating in many of the successful open source projects.
Aims to be as easy to build for as the web.
Google Android is stepping in to the next level Mobile Internet.

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