Thiết kế mạch khóa số điện tử dùng password

Trng HBK Nng--Khoa TVT
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n chuyn ngnh in t
Nhn xt ca gio vin hng dn

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Nng, Ngy Thng
Nm 20...
Gio Vin hng dn
SV thc hin : L CNG HUY HONG
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Nhn xt ca gio vin chm

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Nng, Ngy Thng
Nm 20...
Gio Vin hng dn
Mc Lc
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LI M U.............................................................................................................. 3
CHNG 1 : PHN TCH H THNG..................................................................4
1.1.
T VN :............................................................................................................4
1.2.
GII THIU H THNG KHA S........................................................................4
1.3.
CC GII PHP V CCH XC NH BI TON.............................................6
1.3.1.
Phn Tch V La Chn Phng n..............................................6
1.3.2.
Xc nh Bi Ton V Gii Hn Ca Ti.................................7
CHNG 2 :THIT K H THNG......................................................................8

2.1. S KHI TNG TH CA H THNG.................................................8
2.2. S CALL GRAPH..............................................................................8
2.3. S C T CA H THNG..............................................................9
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2.4. CC MODUL TRONG H THNG.............................................................9
2.4.1
Khi iu Khin Trung Tm...........................................................10
2.4.2
Khi Hin Th..................................................................................12
2.4.3
Khi Bn Phm.................................................................................13
2.4.4. Khi Khuch i, ng C V Bo ng........................................13

2.4.5
Khi Ngun......................................................................................14
2.5. LA CHN LINH KIN................................................................................ 15
2.5.1. Khi iu khin PIC 16F877a............................................................15

2.5.2. Khi hin th.......................................................................................23
2.5.3. Bn Phm............................................................................................26
2.5.4. Khi Mch Cu H Khuch i Tn Hiu...........................................27
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2.4.4.ng c...............................................................................................31
2.4.6. Khi Ngun........................................................................................31
2.6.
S NGUYN L CA MCH.........................................................32
2.7.
NGUYN L HOT NG CA MCH...............................................32
2.8.
S THUT TON IU KHIN.....................................................33
CHNG 3: XY DNG H THNG.........................................................34

3.1. CHNG TRNH PHN MM................................................................34
3.2. CHNG TRNH QUT PHM C BN...................................................34
3.3. CHNG TRNH CHNH:......................................................................35
3.4. CHNG TRNH KIM TRA..................................................................37
3.5. CHNG TRNH BO NG................................................................38
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NH GI V KT LUN............................................................................40
HNG PHT TRIN...................................................................................40
TI LIU THAM KHO................................................................................41
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LI M U
Ngy nay, vi nhng ng dng ca khoa hc k thut tin tin, th gii ca
chng ta v ang mt ngy thay i, vn minh v hin i hn. S pht trin ca
k thut in t to ra hng lot nhng thit b vi cc c im ni bt nh s
chnh xc cao, tc nhanh, gn nh l nhng yu t rt cn thit gp phn cho hot
ng ca con ngi t hiu qu.
in t ang tr thnh mt ngnh khoa hc a nhim v. N p ng c
nhng nhu cu cn thit trong hot ng i sng hng ngy.Mt trong nhng nhu cu
l vn bo mt. Mi mt c nhn, mt gia nh, hay mt c quan u c cc vn
cn c bo mt. V bo mt c th phi c mt h thng bo mt. Trc
nhu cu kha s bng in t l mt gii php dng bo mt rt hiu qu v tin
li.
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Ngoi ra do nhu cu ng dng l thuyt hc trng vo trong cuc sng

nn chng em chn ti kho s lm n mn hc.
Sau mt thi gian hc tp v rn luyn, vi s ch bo tn tnh ca thy gio
Hunh Thanh Tng cng s tr gip ca cc bn trong nhm v cc ti liu c lin
quan,chng em hon thnh xong ti.
n hon thnh xong, nhng khng th trnh nhiu thiu st mong thy c
gio thng cm v ch bo thm ti c th ng dng rng ri trong thc t.
Chng em xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c!
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CHNG 1 : PHN TCH H THNG

1.1.
T VN :
Vi mi gia nh, c qua, x nghip, trng hc hay bt c ni u, bo v

ti sn trong phng. Trn mi cnh ca ra vo c trang b thm chic kha . Hin
nay trn th trng c rt nhiu loi kha ca nhng hu nh u l kha c kh, cc
kha c kh ny gp vn ln l tnh bo mt ca cc kha ny khng cao, nn d
dng b ph kha bi cc cha kha a nng.
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Kha s ni chung l loi kha bo v thit b, ti sn.m khi mun m ra

th phi tc ng n s m ta ci t trc. c 2 loi kha s c bn hin nay trn th
trng c l kha s c kh v kha s in t.
- Kha s c kh : khi m kha hay kha li th ta phi xoay cc vng s trn
kha sao cho mt dy cc s no cng hp vi nhau th m c kha
- Kha s in t : khi m kha th ta phi nhp ng mt khu l mt dy
cc s lin tip nhau, nu nhp ng cc dy s th m c kha.
Nhn chung th kha s in t s c nhiu k t, nhiu m s ci t hn,
cng nh di ca m s s di hn. V vy tnh bo mt ca kha s in t cng
cao hn. Bn cnh , thao tc trn kha s in t cng thc hin d dng hn vi
cc phm bm, ch khng phi l cc vng xoay kha s c kh. Khi thao tc i
mt khu cng d dng hn v thao tc trn cc phm bm.
Kha s in t ngoi tnh nng v bo mt cao, v thao tc d dng cn c
tnh nng cnh bo nu nhp mt m nhiu sai qu s ln quy nh. Vi dao din
ngi dng, hin th cc thng bo v nhp mt khu, cnh bo, thay i mt khu
khin ngi dng d s dng hn.
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GII THIU H THNG KHA S.
Trn th trng hin nay c bn rt nhiu loi kha s in t. Hu ht cc loi

kha in t u c tnh nng i mt m, cnh bo. Nhng li khng c tnh nng
giao din ngi dng bng mn hnh LCD khin ngi dng kh s dng cc sn
phm . Thit b m b kha s trn th trng iu khin ch yu l Roler ng,
m cht ca.
a s kho k thut s ang c bn trn th trng l do Hn Quc sn xut,
ch yu l loi kho tay nm v c gi kh cao.
Kho s dng phng php ci t m s (nh kho s ca cc loi va li hay
cp s) kho hoc m v ngi s dng c th ci t s bt k. H thng s ca
kho c thit k nh cc phm bm s ca in thoi nn kh tin li khi s dng.
Bn cnh loi ch c mt chc nng kho bng m s, cn c loi km theo chc nng
kho bng cha. Cha ca loi ny cng c bit hn cc loi thng thng, n c
lm 4 cnh, kh lm gi nh cc loi kho 2 cnh.
Kho k thut s cn c loi m bng du vn. Loi kho ny c th ng k
c 25 hoc 40 vn tay khc nhau. Nh vy bn c th lu li rt nhiu vn tay ca
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mi ngi trong gia nh vo b nh ca kho. Khi cho ng cc vn tay c lu trong

b nh th ca s c m. Phn ln loi ny khng s dng cha na.
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Hnh 1.1: kha s trn th trng khng c giao din ngi dng
Mt s loi trn th trng c giao din ngi dng qua nhng mn hnh
LCD 16x2 hin th thng tin ti ngi dng. Nh vy th d s dng hn cc loi
khc.
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Hnh 1.2: kha s trang b mn hnh LCD giao din ngi dng.
1.3.
CC GII PHP V CCH XC NH BI TON
1.3.1. Phn Tch V La Chn Phng n

a. Yu cu ca h thng:
Qua tham kho cc sn phm kha s trn th trng th yu cu ca mt b
sn phm kha s thng thng:
- Do din ngi dung d s dng.
- Mt khu c di m bo tnh bo mt cao.
- C th thay i c mt khu.
- Tnh nng cnh bo khi nhp mt khu sai 3 ln lin tip.
- ng c quay iu khin ca ht hnh trnh th dng li.
- H thng phi lm vic c ngay c khi mt in.
- H thng kha s nh gn.
- in p hot ng ca h thng khng gy nguy him n ngi s dng.
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b. La chn phng n
Vi yu cu v tnh nng nh trn, chng em chn cc thit b chnh:
-
Vi iu khin 16f877 vi b nh eeprom c kh lu tr d liu ngay c khi

mt in.
Mn hnh LCD 16x2 vi mc ch hin th thng tin, giao tip vi iu khin
vi ngi dng
Bn phm 16 phm c cc phm s v phm chc nng a u vo l mt
khu, cc lnh ng m ca ti vi iu khin.
ng c ko cnh ca ng v m. Vi ti ny c yu cu sn phm
m phng thc t, chng ti chn ng c mt chiu cng sut nh.
Ngun d tr khi mt in l ngun acquy.
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1.3.2. Xc nh Bi Ton V Gii Hn Ca Ti

a. Xc nh Bi Ton
im quan trng nht ca chng trnh kha s l thut ton qut phm, sau l
lu v thay i mt m trn eeprom. Cn mt s phn khc l hin th thng tin ra
LCD th c cc lnh h ch nn khng phc tp. cui cng l a tn hiu ra iu
khin thit b l kha ca.
V vy bi ton chnh l ta cn quan tm l :
-
Thut ton qut phm
Qu trnh lu mt m trong eeprom v thay i eeprom
Hin th thng tin ra mn hnh LCD
b. Gii Hn Ca Ti
Cc rng buc :
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Thng thng h thng giao din vi ngi dng bn ngoi, nn phi

an ton, trnh c nhng tc ng ca ngoi cnh.
Chi ph ca b sn phm (khng c ng c) khng qu 500.000vn.
Chu c qu ti ti khi gp chng ngi vt trong thi gian di.
p dng iu khin ng c c cng sut nh.
CHNG 2 :THIT K H THNG

2.1. S KHI TNG TH CA H THNG
Khi giao tip v
hin th thng tin
Khi iu khin
Thit b chp
hnh
Hnh 2.1: s khi kha s c bn.
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Khi giao tip v hin th thng tin : dng a tn hiu, thng s ti khi iu
khin
Khi iu khin tip nhn cc thng tin, v x l cc thng tin . Xut tn hiu
iu khin cc thit b khc.
Thit b chp hnh y c th l ng c, c th l rle iu khin thit b
Controller
chnh l ca hoc kha.
software
Chng
Trnh Bo
ng
2.2. Giao
S
Tip CALL GRAPH
LCD
Giao Tip
EEPROM
Giao Tip
Bn Phm
iu
Khin
ng c
SV
thcHnh
hinLCD
: L CNGEEPROM
HUY HONG
Mn
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TiC
: Kha S in t.
ng
Chung Bo
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M Ca
Bo
ng
Nhp Mt
M
Hnh 2.2 : s Call graph gia phn cng v phn mm
Thao Tc G
Phm
Nhp Mt
M C
i Mt
M
2.3. S C T CA H THNG
Kha
Ca
Mt M
Mi
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------------------i Mt
M
Thao Tc G
Phm
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Hnh 2.3: s c t ca h thng
2.4. CC MODUL TRONG H THNG

Bo ng
Mn Hnh
Hin Th LCD
Khi Ngun
Vi iu Khin
PIC 16F877a
ng C
Khuch i
Tn Hiu
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Bn Phm Ma
Trn 4x4
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Hnh 2.4 : S khi cc Modul trong h thng
2.4.1 Khi iu Khin Trung Tm
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Hnh 2.5 : Khi vi iu khin
Khi vi iu khin s dng vi iu khin Pic16F877A, n ng vai tr ht sc

quan trng trong h thng iu khin h thng kha s. Khi VK bao gm mch
to dao ng thch anh, mch Reset reset h thng li trng thi ban u. Cc chn
ca VK s c kt ni vi cc khi khc nh ng c, bn phm, khi hin th.
Lu tr mt khu qua b nh EEPROM c th lu tr ngay khi mt in. Ton b d
liu m ta thit k iu khin h thng kha s u c cha trong b nh ca
VK.
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2.4.2 Khi Hin Th

Khi hin th chnh l mn hnh hin th LCD 16x2
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Hnh 2.6 : Khi hin th

Khi hin th c dng l LCD, c 2 ch dng cho LCD l ch LCD 16
bit v ch 8 bit. Trong bi s dng LCD 8 bit th cc ch cn s dng cc chn RW,
RS, E, D4 =>D7.
2.4.3 Khi Bn Phm
Hnh 2.7: Ma Trn 16 Phm
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Nguyn l hot ng ca vic qut phm chnh l cho cc ct bng 1 v ln lt

cc chn ni vi hng mc 0. Ri kim tra xem c ct no bng 0 hay khng, nu ct
no bng 0 trong thi im mt hng bng 0 th pht hin ra phm c bm.
2.4.4. Khi Khuch i, ng C V Bo ng
H thng bo ng: cnh bo khi nhp sai mt khu qu 3 ln. Thng qua h
thng chng bo ng.
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Hnh 2.8 : chung bo ng

B khuch i tn hiu v mch cu H :dng a tn hiu iu khin ng c
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Hnh 2.9 : mch cu H khuch i tn hiu
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2.4.5 Khi Ngun
Cung cp ngun nui cho vi iu khin hot ng theo yu cu ti. y ta

to ra ngun 5v cp cho vi iu khin.
Hnh 2.10: Khi ngun cung cp
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2.5. LA CHN LINH KIN

2.5.1. KHI IU KHIN PIC 16F877a
a. c im pic 16f877a:
Cng ngh CMOS c c tnh : cng sut thp, cng ngh b nh
Flash/EEPROM tc cao. in p hot ng t 2V n 5,5V v

tiu tn nng nng thp. ph hp vi nhit lm vic trong
cng nghip v trong thng mi.
Tc hot ng :
- DC 20MHz ng vo xung clock
- DC 200ns chu k lnh
Dung lng ca b nh chng trnh Flash l 8K x 14words.
Dung lng ca b nh d liu RAM l 368x8Bytes.
Dung lng ca b nh d liu EEPROM l 256x8 Bytes.
o B nh d liu EEPROM cho php xa v ghi 1.000.000
ln.
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o B nh EEPROM c th lu gi d liu hn 40 nm v c
th t lp trnh li c di s iu khin ca phn mm.

S chn : 40 pins. 5 cng vo ra s RA,RB,RC,RD,RE.
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Hnh 2.11: S chn ca pic 16F877a.

b. Cc cng vo ra ca PIC 16F877a:
Vic iu khin cc cng vo ra ca pic da trn vic iu khin cc File thanh
ghi. V trong ti ch s dng 3 cng vo ra l PORTB, PORTC, PORTD nn chng
ti xin a ra c im ca cc chn.
PORTB v thanh ghi TRISB:
Portb (RPB) gm 8 pin I/O. thanh ghi iu khin xut nhp tng ng l
TRISB. Bn cnh mt s chn ca PORTB cn c s dng trong qu trnh np
chng trnh cho vi iu khin vi cc ch no khc nhau. PORTB cn lin quan
dn ngt ngoi vi v b Timer0. PORTB cn c tch hp chc nng in tr ko ln
c iu khin bi chng trnh.
Ba chn ca PORTB c a hp vi mch in g ri bn trong v chc nng
lp trnh in p thp RB3/PGM, RB6/PGC v RB7PGD.
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Mi chn ca PORTB c in tr ko ln. Bit iu khin RBPU

(OPTION_REG<7>) =0 th c th m tt c cc in tr ko ln . khi portb c thit
lp l ng ra th s t ng ngt chc nng in tr ko ln , cng tng t khi CPU
b reset lc mi cp in.
Bn chn ca portb RB4:RB7 c cu chc ngt thay i, ch c nhng chn
c thit lp cu hnh l ng vo th mi c chc nng ngt. cc chn ng vo l
(RB4:RB7) c so snh vi gi tr c c cht trong ln c trc ca portb.
Cc ng ra khng trng nhau ca cc chn RB4:RB7 c OR li vi nhau tao ra
ngt PORTB vi bt c bo ngt RBIF<INTCON<0>>.
Ngt ny c th kch hot vi iu khin tr li trng thi hot ng khi n ang
ch SLEEP. Trong chng trnh phc v ngt th ngi dng c th xa ngt
bng cc cch khc nhau:
Bt k lnh c hay ghi PORTB s kt thch iu kin khng
thch ng.
Xa bt c RBIF.
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iu kin khng tng thch s tip tc lm c bo ngt RBIF bng 1. Khi c

PORTB s chm dt iu kin khng tng thch v cho php xa bt c bo ngt
RBIF.
Cu trc ngt thay i dng thot khi ch ngh khi c nhn phm v cc
hot ng m PORTB ch c dng cho cu trc thay i ngt.
PORTC v thanh ghi TRISC:
PORTC l port 2 chiu 8 bt. Thanh ghi nh hng l TRISC. Khi bit
TRISC=1 th portc l nhp, khi TRISC=0 th portc l xut.
Portc c a hp vi vi chc nng ngoi vi. Cc chn ca portc c mch
m Schmit Trigger ng vo. Khi khi I 2C c cho php th cc chn PORTC (3,4)
c th c nh cu hnh cc mc I2C hoc mc SMBUS bng cch s dng bt
CKE (SSPSTAT<6>).
Khi cho php chc nng ngoi vi, nn ch n cc bt TRIS cho mi chn
ca PORTC. Mt vi thit b ngoi vi ghi ln bt TRIS lm mt chn nh l 1 ng
ra, trong khi cc thit b ngoi vi ghi ln bt TRIS lm nh mt chn ng vo.
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Khi ghi bt TRIS th khng nh hng n cc thiets b cho php, cc knh c

hiu chnh ghi (BSF,BCF,XORWF) vi TRISC l ch n phi trnh dng. Ngi
s dng tham chiu ti phn thit b ngoi vi tng ng thip lp cho ng bt
TRIS
PORTD v thanh ghi TRISD:
PORTD l port 8 bt vi ng vo c mch Schmitt Trigger. Mi chn c th
c cu hnh c lp l ng vo hoc ng ra. PORTD c th nh cu hnh nh l
port ca vi s l 8 bt bng cch thit lp bt iu khin PSPMODE(TRISE<4>).
Trong mode ny th cc b n ng vo dng TTL. PORTD v TRISD khng c
xy dng cho cc b m ng vo TTL
Cc BANK thanh ghi:
B nh d liu trn c chia lm nhiu Bank v cha nhng chc nng c
bit. hai bit RP0, RP1 nm trong thanh ghi STATUS thuc bit th 5 v th 6 dng
chn BANK thanh ghi.
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Hai BANK thanh ghi : BANK 0 v BANK 1 thuc a ch t 0x5 n 0x09 l

a ch ca PORTA n PORTE dng xut nhp d liu. a ch t 0x85 n 0x89
l a ch ca cc thanh ghi nh hng TRISA n TRISE.
Khi chn BANK thanh ghi ta thit lp cc gi tr ca RP0 v RP1 thuc thanh
ghi STATUS nh sau:
Bank 0 : RP0=0, RP1=0.
Bank 1 : RP0=1, RP1=0.
Bank 2 : RP0=0, RP1=1.
Bank 3 : RP0=1, RP1=1.
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Hnh 2.12: S File thanh ghi.

Vi phn mm CCS vit chng trnh C cho PIC, khi truy xut cc d liu
t cc cng th ta khng cn chn BANK thanh ghi phc tp nh trn. Ta ch cn
dng cc lnh : SET_TRIS_X v OUTPUT_X l c th xut nhp. Nhng khi nhp
d liu vi cc cng ta khng nn dng lnh OUTPUT_X v trc khi thc hin xut
mt d liu th mc nh n SET_TRIS_X. Ta nn khai bo a ch ban u ca
thanh ghi v d:
#BYTE PORTB =0x06, #BYTE PORTC=0x07.
Nh th th ta c th xut d liu ra cc cng bng cc lnh gn
PORTX=0xXX m khng lm nh hng n thanh ghi nh hng ban u qua lnh
SET_TRIS_X.
Cc cng RB, RC, RD l cng vo ra 8 bt, vi cc chn RX0 n RX7.
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c. chn cng vo ra kt ni vi thit b ngoi vi :

Do trong phn mm CCS c h ch file LCD.C mc nh dng cng PORTD
nn ta dng cng RD kt ni vi LCD. iu khin LCD dng PORTD vi
thit lp ban u l cng xut d liu iu khin LCD nn ta thit lp ban
u l SET_TRIS_D(0x00).
o Cc chn t RD4 => RD7 ca PIC ni vi cc chn d liu D4 => D7
ca LCD
o Chn RD0 ca pic ni vi chn cho php E (enable) ca LCD.
o Chn RD1 ni vi chn RS chn chn thanh ghi ca LCD
o Chn RD2 ni vi chn RW chn chn ch c/ ghi ca LCD.
Chn cng qut 16 phm: ma trn phm ni vi cng RC.
Chn cng iu khin ng c , cng tc hnh trnh v bo ng : cng RB
o Chn RB0, RB1 ni vi cng tc hnh trnh dng ng c khi iu
khin ca
o Chn chn RB6,RB7 iu khin ng c thng qua mch cu.
o Chn chn RB5 a tn hiu ra h thng bo ng.
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n chuyn ngnh in t
d. B nh EEPROM:
D liu EEPROM v b nh chng trnh Flh c th c v ghi trong sut
qu trnh hot ng bnh thng. B nh ny khng c thit lp trc tip trong
khng gian file thanh ghi c bit. C 6 thanh ghi FSR c s dng c v ghi b
nh ny:
EECON1
EECON2
EEDATA
EEDATH
EEADR
EEADRH
Khi giao tip vi khi b nh d liu , thanh ghi EEDATA cha 8bt d liu
cho vic c/ghi v thanh ghi EEADR cha a ch nh ca EEPROM ang c
truy xut. Nu pic c b nh 128 byte th a ch nm trong khong t 80H n FFH,
nu PIC c b nh EEPROM l 256 byte th a ch nm trong khong t 00h n
43
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Ti : Kha S in t.
----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
FFh. Vi PIC 16f877a c 256 byte b nh nn EEPROM nm trong khong t 00h

n FFh.
Khi giao tip vi b nh chng trnh th hai thanh ghi EEDATA v EEDATH
kt hp vi nhau li thnh thanh ghi 16 bit lu tr d liu 14bit cho lnh c/ghi v
hai thanh ghi EEADR v EEADRH kt hp li thnh thanh ghi 16 bt lu a ch
13 bit ca nh ang truy sut . Vi pic c dung lng b nh chng trnh l 8k
wd th a ch trong khong t 0000h n 1FFFh . Nu truy sut nh c a ch ln
hn th s b cun nm trong vng nh thc
B nh d liu EEPROM cho php c v ghi 1 byte b nh chng trnh
Flash cho php c 1 word v ghi khi 4 word . Hot ng ghi ca b nh chng
trnh s t ng thc hin xa trc khi ghi vo khi 4 word . Mt byte ghi vo b
nh d liu EEPROM s t ng xa nh ri mi ghi d liu mi xa trc khi
ghi
Khi chip c m bo bb th CPU c th c v ghi d liu b nh EEPROM.
Ty thuc vo cch thit lp cc bt bo v chng ghi, PIC c th cho hoc khng cho
44
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----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
ghi d liu vo mt vi khi b nh chng trnh ; tuy nhin cho php c b nh

chng trnh. Khi PIC coa m bo v th ngi dung khng cn c truy cp b nh
d liu hoc b nh chng trnh.
Thanh ghi EEADR v EEADRH
Cp thanh ghi EEADRH:EEADR c th nh a ch ti a 256 byte ca b
nh d liu EEPROM hoc ti a 8k word ca b nh chng trnh EEPROM
Khi truy xut b nh d liu th ch dung thanh ghi EEADR lu byte a ch
thp
Khi truy xut b nh chng trnh th dung thanh ghi EEADR lu byte a
ch thp v thanh ghi EEADRH lu byte cao
Thanh ghi EECON1 v EECON2:

EECON1 l thanh ghi iu khin truy xut b nh . Bt iu khin EEPGD
dng truy xut b nh chng trnh hoc b nh d liu. Khi reset hoc khi b
45
-------------------
Ti : Kha S in t.
----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
EEPGD s cho php truy sut b nh d liu. khi bit EEPGD bng 1 th truy xut b
nh chng trnh.
Thanh ghi EECON1
Bit 7: EEPGD bit la chn b nh d liu/ chng trnh EEPROM
o EEPGD=1 truy xut b nh chng trnh
o EEPGD=0 truy xut b nh d liu.
Bit 6 => 4 cha s dng
Bit 3 WRERR : bt c li EEPROM
o WRERR =1 vic ghi thc hin xong sm
o WRERR = 0 vic ghi c hon thnh.
Bit 2: WREN bit cho php ghi eeprom
o WREN=1 cho php ghi.
o WREN=0 khng cho ghi.
Bit 1: WR bit iu khin ghi
o WR=1 bt u chu k ghi. Bit WR c xa bng phn cng sau
mi ln ghi xong
o WR=0 qu trnh ghi vo eeprom hon thnh
46
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Ti : Kha S in t.
----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
Bit 0 :RD bit iu khin c

o RD=1 bt u chi k c eeprom . bit RD c xa bng phn
cng .bit RD ch c th c set trong phn mm
o RD=0 khng khi ng chu k c eeprom.
c d liu t b nh EEPROM:
c d liu ca mt nh ngi s dng phi ghi a ch vo thanh ghi
EEADR, xa bit iu khin EEPGD (EECON1,7) v sau set bit iu khin RD
(EECON1<1>) . D liu s xut hin trong thanh ghi EEDATA chu k k. EEDATA
s lu gi tr ny cho n khi xut hin ln c k hoc b thay i bi ngi s dng.
Cc bc c b nh d liu EEPROM:
Ghi a ch vo EEADR a ch khng c ln hn dung lng b
nh
Xa bit EEPGD ch hng vo b nh d liu EEPROM
Set bit RD bt u hot ng c.
c d liu t thanh ghi EEPROM.
47
-------------------
Ti : Kha S in t.
----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
Cc bc trn khi dung vi ngn ng ASM th ta phi tun th ng quy tc.

nhng khi dung vi ngn ng C th ta ch cn dung vi mt lnh
read_eeprom(address) trong address l a ch ca EEPROM m ta cn c, a ch
ny vi dng pic 16f877a t 00h n FFh.
Ghi d liu vo b nh EEPROM:
ghi d liu vo EEPROM th ngi s dng phi ghi a ch vo thanh ghi
EEADR v d liu vo thanh ghi EEDATA . sau phi thc hin ghi theo trnh t
ch nh ghi cho mi byte.
Qu trnh ghi s khng c khi ng nu th t ghi khng c thc hin
chnh xc cho mi byte . phi cm tt c cc yu cu ngt khi thc hin qu trnh ghi
ny .
Ngoi ra bit WREN trong thanh ghi EECON2 phi c set cho php ghi.
C ch ny ngn chn cc hot ng ghi ngu nhin vo EEPROM lin quan n sai
st m bo b . Ngi s dng nn gi bit WREN trng thi Clear , ngoi tr khi
48
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Ti : Kha S in t.
----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
truy cp d liu vo b nh d liu EEPROM. Bit WREN khng c xa bng phn

cng.
Sau khi qu trnh ghi c khi ng th nu ta xa bit WREN s khng nh
hng n chu k ny. Bit WR s b chn khng cho ln 1 tr khi bit WREN c set.
Khi hon tt chu k ghi bit WR c xa bi phn cng v bit c bo ngt
hon thnh xong qu trnh ghi EEIF c set. Ngi dung c th cho php s ngt
hoc kim tra bit ny bit qu trnh ghi kt thc . bit EEIF phi c xa bng
phn mm.
Tuy rng cc bc ghi d liu vo b nh EEPROM c nhiu bc v nhiu
bit trn thanh ghi c n nh vy nhng khi dng C lm vic vi PIC th ta
ch cn ch n lnh ghi : WRITE_EEPROM(address,x)
Trong lnh :write_eeprom(address,x)
Address : a ch ca EEPROM ta cn ghi
X : gi tr ta cn ghi (byte).
49
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Ti : Kha S in t.
----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
2.5.2. KHI HIN TH

a. Hnh dng v kch thc:
C rt nhiu loi LCD vi nhiu hnh dng v kch thc khc nhau, trn hnh
1 l hai loi LCD thng dng.
Hnh 2.13: Hnh dng ca LCD
50
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Ti : Kha S in t.
----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
Khi sn xut LCD, nh sn xut tch hp chp iu khin (HD44780) bn

trong lp v v ch a cc chn giao tip cn thit. Cc chn ny c nh s th
t v t tn nh bn di :
Hnh 2.14 : S chn ca LCD

b. Chc nng cc chn:
51
-------------------
Ti : Kha S in t.
Chn s
1
Tn
Vss
Vdd
3
4
Vee
Rs
R/w
----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
Chc nng
Chn ni t cho LCD, khi thit k mch ta ni chn ny vi
GND ca mch iu khin
Chn cp ngun cho LCD, khi thit k mch ta ni chn ny
vi VCC=5V ca mch iu khin
Chn ny dng iu chnh tng phn ca LCD.
Chn chn thanh ghi (Register select). Ni chn RS vi logic
0 (GND) hoc logic 1 (VCC) chn thanh ghi.
+ Logic 0: Bus DB0-DB7 s ni vi thanh ghi lnh IR
ca LCD ( ch ghi - write) hoc ni vi b m a ch
ca LCD ( ch c - read)
+ Logic 1: Bus DB0-DB7 s ni vi thanh ghi d liu
DR bn trong LCD.
Chn chn ch c/ghi (Read/Write). Ni chn R/W vi
logic 0 LCD hot ng ch ghi, hoc ni vi logic
1 LCD ch c.
Chn cho php (Enable). Sau khi cc tn hiu c t
52
-------------------
Ti : Kha S in t.
7-14
DB0DB7
----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
ln bus DB0-DB7, cc lnh ch c chp nhn khi c 1 xung

cho php ca chn E.
+ ch ghi: D liu bus s c LCD chuyn
vo(chp nhn) thanh ghi bn
trong n khi pht hin mt xung (high-to-low
transition) ca tn hiu chn E.
+ ch c: D liu s c LCD xut ra DB0DB7 khi pht hin cnh ln (low-to-high transition)
chn E v c LCD gi bus n khi no chn E
xung mc thp.
Tm ng ca bus d liu dng trao i thng tin
vi MPU. C 2 ch s dng 8 ng bus ny :
+ Ch 8 bit : D liu c truyn trn c 8 ng, vi
bit MSB l bit DB7.
+ Ch 4 bit : D liu c truyn trn 4 ng t DB4
ti DB7, bit MSB l DB7
53
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----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
Bng 2.1: Chc nng ca cn chn LCD
c. Cc thanh ghi
Chp HD44780 c 2 thanh ghi 8 bit quan trng : Thanh ghi lnh IR (Instructor
Register) v thanh ghi d liu DR (Data Register)
- Thanh ghi IR : iu khin LCD, ngi dng phi ra lnh thng qua tm
ng bus DB0-DB7. Mi lnh c nh sn xut LCD nh a ch r rng. Ngi
dng ch vic cung cp a ch lnh bng cch np vo thanh ghi IR. Ngha l, khi ta
np vo thanh ghi IR mt chui 8 bit, chp HD44780 s tra bng m lnh ti a ch
m IR cung cp v thc hin lnh .
VD : Lnh hin th mn hnh c a ch lnh l 00001100 (DB7DB0)
54
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Ti : Kha S in t.
----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
Lnh hin th mn hnh v con tr c m lnh l 00001110

- Thanh ghi DR : Thanh ghi DR dng cha d liu 8 bit ghi vo vng
RAM DDRAM hoc CGRAM ( ch ghi) hoc dng cha d liu t 2 vng
RAM ny gi ra cho MPU ( ch c). Ngha l, khi MPU ghi thng tin vo DR,
mch ni bn trong chp s t ng ghi thng tin ny vo DDRAM hoc CGRAM.
Hoc khi thng tin v a ch c ghi vo IR, d liu a ch ny trong vng RAM
ni ca HD44780 s c chuyn ra DR truyn cho MPU. Bng cch iu khin
chn RS v R/W chng ta c th chuyn qua li gi 2 thanh ghi ny khi giao tip vi
MPU. Bng sau y tm tt li cc thit lp i vi hai chn RS v R/W theo mc
ch giao tip.
RS
0
0
R/W
0
1
1
1
0
1
Khi cn
Ghi vo thanh ghi RS ra lnh cho thanh ghi
c c bn DB7 v gi tr ca b m a ch
DB0-DB6
Ghi vo thanh ghi DR
c d liu t DR
55
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Ti : Kha S in t.
----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
Trong chng trnh s dng LCD ch 4bit. Cc lnh c s dng:

lcd_send_byte( BYTE address, BYTE n ) iu khin LCD v d
nh lnh : lcd_send_byte(0,0x01) dng xa mn hnh,
lcd_send_byte(0,0x08) a con tr v u dng th nht
lcd_gotoxy(a,b) a con tr v cc v tr mong mun thc cc
dng khc nhau ca LCD. Lcd_gotoxy(x,1) a con tr v dng
1 v tr x, v tr x c th t 1->16 ca LCD
printf(lcd_putc,): in mt xu k t ra mn hnh.xu k t c
di < 16 k t LCD c th hin th c y
lcd_putc() : in mt k t ra mn hnh.
2.5.3. Bn Phm
Hnh 2.15: Ma Trn 16 Phm
Thc hin chc nng giao tip vi vi iu khin PIC 16F87, dng hin th
nhp password, thay i password, m kha ca
56
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Ti : Kha S in t.
----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
S dng bn phm ma trn 16 phm

Vi cc phm s t 0 =>9 v cc phm chc nng m ca, kha ca, v i mt
khu.
kt ni vi vi iu khin th ta treo 8 u vo ca ma trn phm vi tr treo
ln dng ngun, vi gi tr cu tr treo l R8=4.7K.
Dng ma trn phm 4x4 ging nh hnh v:
57
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----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
Hnh 2.16 : Phm bm s dng trong mch
Chc nng cc phm trn bn phm :

Phm A : Sau khi nhp password th bm phm A m ca.
58
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----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
Phm B : Ca sau khi m th bm phm B ng li.

Phm C : Thay i mt khu
Phm D :Phm OK dng xc nhn thay i mt khu.
Phm * v # : Khi g sai k t th bm * hoc # reset.
2.5.4. Khi iu Khin ng C Quay Thun Nghch
Ta s dng IC chuyn iu khin ng c L293D :
59
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Ti : Kha S in t.
----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
Hnh 2.17 : IC L293D v s chn.

L293D l IC cu H iu khin ng c.
60
-------------------
Ti : Kha S in t.
----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
L293D gm 4 knh iu khin c th iu khin 2 ng c DC hoc 1 ng c

bc 4 pha. iu khin ng c DC, bn s s dng 2 knh ca L293D cho 1
ng c.
L293D c tch hp sn i t bo v vi iu khin chng li dng cm ng
khi ng c khi ng hoc tt. V vy, bn ch cn gn motor vo L293D v cc chn
ca vi iu khin tng ng, l c th lm cho ng c chy ngay. Dng L293 c 2
loi: L293B/E v L293D, dng L293B c kh nng chu ti cao hn (1A so vi
600mA ca L293D) nhng khng c i t bo v vi iu khin.
Vi mi motor, bn cn 3 chn t vi iu khin kt ni vi L293D, trong c
1 chn iu khin tc ng c dng xung PWM, 2 chn cn li l logic 0 hoc 1
dng iu chnh chiu quay ca motor.
61
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----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
Tn hiu iu khin c x l c lp vi nhau vi tng u ra. V d: bn c

th iu khin 2 ng c DC chy vi tc khc nhau, hng khc nhau, 1 ng c
dng cn 1 ng c chy...
Mi knh ca L293D chu c ti 600mA v dng nh l 1A.
s dng cc ng c cng sut cao hn, bn ch vic gn song song 2 hoc
nhiu L293 li vi nhau. Vi 2 IC L293, bn s c ti chu c l 1.2A v ti nh l
2A.
Ngoi ra, L293D c chc nng t ng ngt khi b nng qu mc nhm bo v
IC.
Lu : tuyt i khng bao gi lm chp mch cc ng ra motor ca L293D,
nu khng bn s lm chy mt bn cu H ngay lp tc.
62
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----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
2.5.5. ng c
Trong m phng v trong gii hn ca m hnh sn phm s dng ng c mt
chiu 12V, 800mA iu khin ng m ca, hoc c th dng iu khin ng
m cht, then ci.
Ta c th s dng role thay cho ng c ht hoc y cht ca, tng ng
vi m/ kha ca.
Hnh 2.18: ng c
63
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----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
Thng qua mch cu H ta a hai tn hiu iu khin ng c t chn

RB6,RB7 ca vi iu khin
2.5.6. Khi Ngun
Hnh 2.19: S Khi Ngun
64
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Ti : Kha S in t.
----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
Dng ngun 12V xoay chiu a vo cu it to ra in p mt chiu, qua

t san phng cho in p bng phng hn. Dng IC7805 n nh in p u ra cho
mch ca khi iu khin.
T in 1000u .Ngun 12v, 4A.
65
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Ti : Kha S in t.
2.6.
----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
S NGUYN L CA MCH
66
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Ti : Kha S in t.
----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
Hnh 2.20 : S tng th h thng

2.7.
NGUYN L HOT NG CA MCH
Khi mun m ca th phi g ng mt khu vi di 8 k t. Nu g ng

th ng c s quay thun, v ca s m. V g sai th mn hnh LCD hin th ch
nhp sai mt khu.
Khi ng c quay ht hnh trnh, cng tc hnh trnh m xong ng, khi
LCD thng bo m xong.
Nu nhp mt khu sai 3 ln lin tip th h thng bo ng s hot ng, thng
qua chn RB5.
Trong khi m xong, nu nhn kha th ng c s quay v ca kha li, ng
c quay th nt cng tc hnh trnh kha xong s m, v nu cng tc hnh trnh m
xong ng li th ng c ngng quay, LCD bo m xong.
67
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n chuyn ngnh in t
Mun i mt khu ta nhn nt i mt khu trn bn phm, khi ny LCD bo

nhp mt khu c, v ta phi nhp ng mt khu c th mi i c mt khu, nu
nhp ng mt khu th LCD thng bo nhp mt khu mi. nhp xong th nhn OK,
vy l mt khu c i.
2.8.
S THUT TON IU KHIN
Bt u
Khi To Bin, Mng,

LCD
QUT PHM
NHP
PHM68
-------------------
KIM TRA
S LN >=3
Ti : Kha S in t.
----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
M CA - I PASS
Hnh 2.21 : lu gii thut

END
CHNG 3: XY DNG H THNG

3.1. CHNG TRNH PHN MM
CCS l trnh bin dch lp trnh ngn ng C cho Vi iu khin PIC ca hng
Microchip. Chng trnh l s tch hp ca 3 trnh bin dich ring bit cho 3 dng
PIC khc nhau l:
PCB cho dng PIC 12bit opcodes
PCM cho dng PIC 14bit opcodes
PCH cho dng PIC 16 v 18bit
69
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Ti : Kha S in t.
----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
Tt c 3 trnh bin dich ny uc tch hp li vo trong mt chng trnh bao

gm c trnh son tho v bin dch l CCS.
PIC 16f877a l pic 14. Ta c th dng phn mm lp trnh cho PIC vi ngn
ng C d s dng.
Cu chc c bn ca chng trnh khi vt vi C:
#include, #device, #use, #fuses....... // cc tin x l
#define, int8 .......... //nh ngha cc d liu khai bo hng, bin...
Void tnhm() {} dng khai bo, nh ngha hm
Void main() {// chng trnh chnh.}
3.2. CHNG TRNH QUT PHM C BN

void quetphim(){
PORTB=0xfe;// RB0=0;RB1=1;....RB7=1: kim tra hng 1 c bm
if(RB4==0) { chng trnh;while(RB4==0) {khng lm g khi gi phm} }
70
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----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t

PORTB=0xfd;// RB0=1;RB1=0;RB2=1;....RB7=1: kim tra hng 2 c bm
PORTB=0xfb;// RB0=1;RB1=1;RB2=0;RB3=1;....RB7=1: kim tra hng 3
71
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n chuyn ngnh in t

PORTB=0xf7;// RB0=1;RB1=1;RB2=1;RB3=0;RB4=1;....RB7=1: hng 4
}
72
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----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
3.3. CHNG TRNH CHNH:

void main()
{
set_tris_b(0x03);RB6=0;RB7=0;
set_tris_d(0x00);
set_tris_e(0x00);porte=0x00;
set_tris_c(0xf0);
portc=0xff;
enable_interrupts(INT_EXT);
enable_interrupts(GLOBAL);
ext_int_edge(H_TO_L);
73
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n chuyn ngnh in t
lcd_init();
lcd_gotoxy(3,1);
for(i=0;i<=9;i++)
{
write_eeprom(0x00+i,0);//xoa eeprom ve 0 }
printf(lcd_putc,"nhap pass nao");

lcd_gotoxy(1,2);
while(true)
{
quetphim();
if(RB0==0)
{
74
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----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
lcd_send_byte(0,0x01);
lcd_gotoxy(1,2);
RB6=0;RB7=0;
printf(lcd_putc,"da khoa xong");
delay_ms(500);
lcd_gotoxy(1,1);
printf(lcd_putc,"nhap phim nao");
lcd_gotoxy(1,2);
while(RB0==0)
{
75
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----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
quetphim();
while(RB0!=0)
{
if(RB1==0)
{
reset_cpu();
while(RB1!=0) {reset_cpu();}
}
}
}
if(RB1==0)
{
lcd_gotoxy(1,2);
76
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----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
RB6=0;RB7=0;
for(m=0;m<=7;m++)
{
b[m]=0;
printf(lcd_putc,"da mo xong");
delay_ms(500);
printf(lcd_putc,"nhap phim nao");
lcd_gotoxy(1,2);
while(RB1==0)
{
quetphim();
77
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----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
while(RB1!=0)
{
if(RB0==0)
{
reset_cpu();
while(RB0!=0) {reset_cpu();}
}
}
} }}
3.4. CHNG TRNH KIM TRA

void kiemtra()
{
lcd_gotoxy(1,1);
printf(lcd_putc,"dang kiem tra");
78
-------------------
Ti : Kha S in t.
----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
delay_ms(600);
for(j=0;j<=7;j++)
if(read_eeprom(0x00+j)-b[j]!=0)
{
write_eeprom(0x09,read_eeprom(0x09)+1);
sairoi();
}
else
{
lcd_gotoxy(1,2);
RB6=1;RB7=0;;i=0;
79
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----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
write_eeprom(0x09,0);
printf(lcd_putc,"dang mo cua");
}
}
3.5. CHNG TRNH BO NG

void sairoi()
{
printf(lcd_putc,"nhap sai roi");
if(read_eeprom(0x09)==3)
{
80
-------------------
Ti : Kha S in t.
----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
RB5=1;
lcd_gotoxy(1,2);
printf(lcd_putc,"ban la ke xau");
delay_ms(2000);delay_ms(2000);delay_ms(2000);delay_ms(2000);
RB5=0;write_eeprom(0x09,0);
reset_cpu();
}
else
{
lcd_gotoxy(1,2);
printf(lcd_putc,"nhap lai");
81
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----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
delay_ms(1000);
reset_cpu();
}
}
82
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----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
NH GI V KT LUN
Vi hot ng nh trn , t m phng trn phn mm hon ton c th a ra lm
mch tht.
83
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----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
V hn ch l trn m hnh, nu dng ng c cng sut ln ko cnh ca ra vo

th phi tnh ton rt nhiu. ng dng vo thc t h thng ny cn cn c chnh
sa tng tnh n nh v kt ni vi b phn c kh ng m ca.
Hin nay nhng h thng kim sot ra vo theo m s dng nhng hnh thc
qun l tin tin hn nh:t th,vn tay tuy nhin chi ph khng h thp.Mt h
thng qun l nh chng em thit k vn cn c nhng ng dng nht nh.
y l mt ti rt c ng dng trong thc t nn chng em s c gng hon
thin ti,v ph hp vi nhu cu thc t.
HNG PHT TRIN
84
-------------------
Ti : Kha S in t.
----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
a sn phm vo thc tin, c th l mt sn phm kinh doanh mang tnh kinh t.

Sn phm c ng dng nhiu ni, khng ch l cc cnh ca ca gia nh, cng
ty, x nghip, m cn nhiu ni khc.
85
-------------------
Ti : Kha S in t.
----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
TI LIU THAM KHO
86
-------------------
Ti : Kha S in t.
----------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
1. H Thng Nhng Trng. HKTCN Thi Nguyn. Bin son : b mn k

thut my tnh khoa in t.
2. Gio trnh vi x l , vi iu khin Trng. HKTCN Thi Nguyn. Bin
son : b mn k thut my tnh khoa in t.
3. Vi x l 2 Nguyn nh Ph.
4. Ti liu tham kho trn cc trang web : picvietnam.com, dientuvietnam.net,
tailieu.vn.
87
-------------------
Ti : Kha S in t.
----------------------
88
-------------------
n chuyn ngnh in t
Ti : Kha S in t.

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