Algebra I - Solutions Manual

Solutions Manual
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United
States of America. Permission is granted to reproduce the material contained herein on the
condition that such material be reproduced only for classroom use; be provided to students,
teachers, and families without charge; and be used solely in conjunction with Glencoe
Algebra 1. Any other reproduction, for use or sale, is prohibited without prior written
permission of the publisher.
Send all inquiries to:
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
8787 Orion Place
Columbus, OH 43240-4027
ISBN: 0-07-827752-3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
009
07 06 05 04 03 02
Algebra 1
Solutions Manual
Contents
Chapter 1
The Language of Algebra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Chapter 2
Real Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Chapter 3
Solving Linear Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Chapter 4
Graphing Relations and Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Chapter 5
Analyzing Linear Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Chapter 6
Solving Linear Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Chapter 7
Solving Systems of Linear Equations and Inequalities . . . . . . 305
Chapter 8
Polynomials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364
Chapter 9
Factoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
Chapter 10
Quadratic and Exponential Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438
Chapter 11
Radical Expressions and Triangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491
Chapter 12
Rational Expressions and Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533
Chapter 13
Statistics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578
Chapter 14
Probability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601
Prerequisite Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633

Extra Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643
Mixed Problem Solving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 766
iii
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Chapter 1
Page 5
The Language of Algebra

1-1
Getting Started
1. 8 8 64
4. 23 6 138
6. 68 4
68
4
2. 4 16 64 3. 18 9 162
57
5. 57 3 3 19
17 7.
72
3
24
8.
90
6
Page 8
15
1 32
11
41 8 2
4 18
7. 44 4 4 4 4 4
256
8. the product of 4 and m to the fourth power
9. one half of n cubed
10. Lorenzo will receive the difference of $20 and p
the cost of the peanuts. The word difference
implies subtract, so the expression can be written
as 20 p.
11
2
1
52
The perimeter is 5 2 feet.

12. P 2l 2w
2 42 8 2 25 4

10
2
84 8 50 4
2
2
85 8 50 4
1
2
85 4 50 4
3
135 4
Pages 89
3
14.
1.2
6
7.2
1.8
15. 1.83.2
4
1 8
14 4
1 4 4
0
17.
3
4
3.9
0.5
1.95
7.6
16. 1.4
10.6
4
9 8
84
8 4
0
12
1
3
4
12 4
19.
12
1
34
1
5
16
18. 1 3 4 3 4
3
1
4
9
14
9
12
5
16
12
9
20.
5
6
2
3
5
6
2
18. One-half implies multiply by 2, and cube implies

raise to the third power. So the expression can be
1
written as 2 n3.
3
2
16
4
15
36
12
9
Practice and Apply
11. The word sum implies add, so the expression can

be written as 35 z.
12. Sample answer: Let x be the number. The word
sum implies add, so the expression can be written
as x 7.
13. The word product implies multiply, so the
expression can be written as 16p.
14. Sample answer: Let y be the number. The word
product implies multiply, so the expression can be
written as 5y.
15. Sample answer: Let x be the number. Increased
by implies add, and twice implies multiply by 2.
So the expression can be written as 49 2x.
16. And implies add, and times implies multiply. So
the expression can be written as 18 3d.
17. Sample answer: Let x be the number. Two-thirds
2
implies multiply by 3, and square implies raise
to the second power. So the expression can be
2
written as 3 x 2.
The perimeter is 135 4 feet.

13.
Check for Understanding
1. Algebraic expressions include variables and

numbers, while verbal expressions contain words.
2. Sample answer: The perimeter is the sum of the
four sides of the rectangle. Thus, the perimeter is
the sum of two ls and two ws, or 2l 2w.
3. Sample answer: Let a be the variable. Then, a to
the fifth power is a5.
be written as j 13.
5. Sample answer: Let x be the number. Less than
implies subtract in reverse order, and times
implies multiply. So the expression can be written
as 3x 24.
6. 92 9 9
81
9. P 2(l w)
2(5.6 2.7)
2(8.3)
16.6
The perimeter is 16.6 meters.
10. P 2(l w)
2(6.5 3.05)
2(9.55)
19.1
The perimeter is 19.1 centimeters.
11. P 4s
Variables and Expressions
4
19. The word for implies multiply. So the amount of

money Kendra will have is represented by the
expression s 12d.
14
5
12
Chapter 1
47. You can use the expression 4s to find the

perimeter of a baseball diamond. Answers should
include the following.
four times the length of the sides and the sum
of the four sides
ssss
48. D; More than implies add, and times implies
multiply. So the expression can be written as
6 2x or 2x 6.
49. B; 4 4 4 43 and c c c c c4
20. The word square implies raise to the second

power. So the area of the circle is represented by
the expression r2.2
21. 62 6 6 2
36
22. 82 8 8
64
23. 34 3 3 3 3
81
24. 63 6 6 6
216
25. 35 3 3 3 3 3
243
26. 153 15 15 15
33753
27. 106 10 10 10 10 10 10
1,000,000
Page 9
50.
28. 1003 100 100 100

1,000,000
29. The word for implies multiply. So the cost of
buying b dozen bagels for $8.50 a dozen can be
represented by the expression 8.5b. Also the cost
of buying d dozen donuts for $3.99 a dozen can be
represented by the expression 3.99d. The word
and implies add. So the cost of buying b dozen
bagels and d dozen donuts can be represented by
the expression 8.5b 3.99d.
30. The word for implies multiply. So the amount of
miles driven for two weeks can be represented by
the expression 14m. The mileage on Saris
odometer after her trip is the sum of 23,500 and
14m or the expression 23,500 14m.
31. 7 times p
32. 15 times r
33. three cubed
34. five to the fourth power
35. three times x squared plus four
36. 2 times n cubed plus 12
37. a to the fourth power times b squared
38. n cubed times p to the fifth power
39. Sample answer: one-fifth 12 times z squared
40. Sample answer: one-fourth 8 times g cubed
41. 3 times x squared minus 2 times x
42. 4 times f to the fifth power minus 9 times k cubed
54.
Maintain Your Skills

1
14.3
1.8
16.1
1
3
51.
09 91
10.00 52.
3.24
6.76
5 15 15
55.
3.2
11
15.3
1.04 53. 4.8
6
14 4
4.3
96
312
9 6
416
0
4.472
3
4
11
3
8
15
56.
6 12 12
12
989
1
6
57.
7
10
5 10 3
1
10 3
2
6 or 16
Page 10
Reading Mathematics
c; 9 2 n
2. b; 4 (n 6)
3. f; n 52
h; 3(8 n)
5. g; 9 (2 n)
6. d; 3(8) n
a; (n 5)2
8. e; 4 n 6
Sample answer: one more than five times x
Sample answer: five times the quantity x plus one
Sample answer: three plus the product of seven
and x
12. Sample answer: the sum of three and x multiplied
by seven
13. Sample answer: the sum of six and b divided by y
14. Sample answer: six plus the quotient of b and y
1.
4.
7.
9.
10.
11.
43. Sum implies add, and product implies multiply.

1
So the expression can be written as x 11x.
44. Sum implies add, product implies multiply, and
twice implies multiply by 2. So the expression can
be written as 2lw 2lh 2wh.
45. The word by implies multiply, so the expression
can be written as 3.5m.
1-2
Page 13
1. Sample answer: First add the numbers in

parentheses, (2 5). Next square 6. Then
multiply 7 by 3. Subtract inside the brackets.
Multiply that by 8. Divide, then add 3.
2. Sample answer: (2 4) 3
3. Chase; Laurie raised the incorrect quantity to the
second power.
46. The area of the square can be represented by the

expression a2 or a a . The perimeter can be
represented as a a a a or 4a. If a 4,
then a a 4 4 16 and 4 a 4 4 16.
Thus, the value of a is 4.
Chapter 1
Order of Operations
4. (4 6)7 (10)7
5. 50 (15 9) 50 24
70
26
6. 29 3(9 4) 29 3(5)
29 15
14
7. [7(2) 4] [9 8(4)] [14 4] [9 8(4)]
10 [9 8(4)]
10 [9 32]
10 41
51
8.
(4 3) 2 5
9 3

17. 15 3 2 15 6
18. 22 3 7 22 21
21
43
19. 4(11 7) 9 8 4(18) 9 8
72 9 8
72 72
0
20. 12(9 5) 6 3 12(14) 6 3
168 6 3
168 18
150
21. 12 3 5 42 12 3 5 16
4 5 16
20 16
4
22. 15 3 5 42 15 3 5 16
5 5 16
25 16
9
23. 288 [3(9 3)] 288 [3(12)]
288 [36]
8
24. 390 [5(7 6)] 390 [5(13)]
390 [65]
6
(12) 2 5
9 3
144 5
9 3
720
9 3
720
12
60
9.
3 23
52 (4)

3 8
52 (4)
11
52 (4)
11
25 (4)
11
100
10. hk gj 6 12 4 8
72 4 8
72 32
40
11. 2k gh2 j 2 12 4 62 8
2 12 4 36 8
24 4 36 8
24 144 8
168 8
160
12.
2g(h g)
gh j
25.

2 64 4 8
2 8
128 32
2 8
96
2 8
96
16
6
26.
4 62 42 6
4 6

2 4(6 4)
468
2 4(2)
468
8(2)
468
16
468
16
24 8
16
16

4 36 16 6
4 6
144 96
4 6
48
4 6
48
24
2
27.
1
13. 3 packages
2 additional
of software plus packages
1442443 123 1442443

20.00
2 9.95

or 20.00
2 9.95
14. Evaluate 20.00 2 9.95.
20.00 2 9.95 20.00 19.90
39.90
The cost of 5 software packages is $39.90.
Pages 1415
2 82 22 8
2 8
[ (8 5) (6 2) 2 ] (4 17 2)
[ (24 2) 3 ]
28. 6
Practice and Apply
[ (13) (4) 2 ] (4 17 2)
[ (24 2) 3 ]
[ (13) (16) ] (4 17 2)
[ (24 2) 3 ]
208 (68 2)
[ (24 2) 3 ]
208 34
[ (24 2) 3 ]
174
[ (24 2) 3 ]
174
[ 12 3 ]
174
4
87
2
or 43 2
3 2 3 7 (2 3 5) 4 6 3 2 3 7 (6 5) 4
2 7
6 3 3 14
9
6 33 14
6 [ 3 1]
62
4
15. (12 6) 2 6 2
12
16. (16 3) 4 13 4
52
Chapter 1
29. Evaluate n(2n 3) for n 4.

n(2n 3) 4(2 4 3)
4(8 3)
4(11)
44
The area of the rectangle is 44 cm2.2.
Derrick
30. Samantha
sells 60
floor seats
and
70 balcony
seats
and
60(7.5)
70(5)
or 60(7.5)
70(5)
sells 50
floor seats
38.
1xy 2
3y z
(x y) 2

90 balcony
seats.
90(5)
90(5)

31. Evaluate 60(7.5) 70(5) 50(7.5) 90(5).

60(7.5) 70(5) 50(7.5) 90(5) 450 350
375 450
800 375 450
1175 450
1625
Samantha and Derrick have collected $1625.
32. x y2 z2 12 82 32
12 64 32
12 64 9
76 9
85
33. x3 y z3 123 8 33
1728 8 33
1728 8 27
1736 27
1763
34. 3xy z 3 12 8 3
36 8 3
288 3
285
35. 4x yz 4 12 8 3
48 8 3
48 24
24
36.
2xy z3
z

39.
37.

x z
y x
2y x
y2 2

9
3 8 3
(12 8) 2
4
9
24 3
(12 8) 2
4
9
21
(12 8) 2
4
9
21
42
4
9
21
16
4
36
21
16
16
15
16
12 32
2 8 12
82 2
8 12
12 9
16 12
64 2
8 12
3
4
64 2
8 12
3
4

2
32
3
3 2 32
9
2 32
9 16
2 16 32

144
4
32
32
148
32
37
5
or 4 8
8
40. 100 cells after

20 minutes
250 cells after

20 minutes
plus
144424443 123 144424443
100.2
250.2

or 100 2 250 2
Evaluate 100 2 250 2.
100 2 250 2 200 250 2
200 500
700
The total number in both dishes is 700 bacteria
cells.
41. the sum of salary, commission, and 4 bonuses
4 bonuses
salary plus commission plus 1442443
42. 14243
123 1442443 123
2 12 8 33
3
2 12 8 27
3
24 8 27
3
192 27
3
165
3
4b
s

c

or his earnings e is s c 4b.
43. Evaluate s c 4b for s 42,000,
c 12 825 or 9900, and b 750.
s c 4b 42,000 9900 4 750
42,000 9900 3000
51,900 3000
54,900
Mr. Martinez earns $54,900 in a year.
12 82 3 3
3
12 64 3 3
3
768 3 3
3
768 9
3
759
3
253
Chapter 1
55
xy2 3z
3
and
1442443 123 1442443 123 1442443 123 1442443
50(7.5)
50(7.5)
3 8 3
1128 2 (12
8)
3
3 8 3
1 2 2 (12 8)
44. Sample answer: Using 1, 2, 3:

1 2 3 6; 1 2 3 7; 1 2 3 5;
3 2 1 1; (2 1) 3 3
45. Use the order of operations to determine how
many extra hours were used and then how much
the extra hours cost. Then find the total cost.
Answers should include the following.
6 [4.95 0.99(n)] 25.00
You can use an expression to calculate a specific
value without calculating all possible values.
46. A; Evaluate a b c for a 10, b 12, and c 17.
a b c 10 12 17
22 17
39
47. B; (5 1)3 (11 2)2 (7 4)3 43 92 33 3
64 81 27
145 27
172
48. Enter:
49. Enter:
4 9 91
0.5000
0.0075
0.4925
2.884
66. 5.214.9968

10 4
4 59
4 16
436
416
208
208
0
1
68. 4 8 1 2

( .25 .75
2 ) ( 7
.75
3 ) ENTER 0.0476190476
( 2 27.89
2
50. Enter:
64.
( 12.75
( 12.75
2 )
27.89
ENTER 2.074377092
12.75
2 )
)
2
27.89
12.75

70.
5
6
3
2
3 4
2 4
12
8
5.600
1.612
7.212
67.
6.42 5
2.3
1 9 27 5
12 8 50
14.7 77 5
69.
3
5
1 11
19
7
21
95

35
35
116
35
11
3 35
27 5

5 6 5
71. 8
2
9
2
3
8
19
8
12
ENTER 1.170212766
Page 15
33

8
33

8
33

8
21
8
5
28
65.
Maintain Your SkillsMaintain Your Skills
8
1
36
1
2
36
51. Product implies multiply, so the expression can be

written as a3 b4.
52. Less than implies subtract in reverse order, and
times implies multiply. So the expression can be
written as 3y2 6.
53. Sum implies add, increased by implies add, and
quotient implies divide. So the expression can be
b
written as a b a.
54. Times implies multiply, sum implies add,
increased by implies add, twice implies multiply
by 2, and difference implies subtract. So the
expression can be written as 4(r s) 2(r s).
55. Triple implies multiply by 3, and difference
implies subtract. So the expression can be written
as 3(55 w3).3).
56. 24 2 2 2 2
16
57. 121 121
58. 82 8 8
59. 44 4 4 4 4
64
256
60. Five times n plus n divided by 2
61. 12 less than q squared
62. the sum of x and three divided by the square of
the quantity x minus two
63. x cubed divided by nine
1-3
Page 18
Open Sentences
1. Sample answer: An open sentence contains an

equals sign or inequality sign.
2. Sample answer: x 7
3. Sample answer: An open sentence has at least
one variable because it is neither true nor false
until specific values are used for the variable.
4. Replace x in 3x 7 29 with each value in the
replacement set.
x
3x 7 29
True or False?
10 31102 7 29 S 23 29
?
11 31112 7 29 S 26 29
?
12 31122 7 29 S 29 29
?
13 31132 7 29 S 32 29
?
14 31142 7 29 S 35 29
?
15 31152 7 29 S 38 29
false
false
true
false
false
false
The solution of 3x 7 29 is 12.
Chapter 1
11. Replace x in 3(12 x) 2 28 with each value

in the replacement set.
5. Replace x in 12(x 8) 84 with each value in

the replacement set.
12(x 8) 84
True or False?
10 12110 82 84 S 24 84
false
11 12111 82 84 S 36 84
1.5 3(12 1.5) 2 28 S 29.5 28
false
12 12112 82 84 S 48 84
false
13 12113 82 84 S 60 84
?
false
15 12115 82 84 S 84 84
3
x 5 1 20
2 ?
or C
13. Solve C
C
3
1 20
false
C
5 1 20 S 1 20 1 20
5 1 20 S 20 1 20

2 ?
2 ?
2 ?
13
false
1 4 5 1 20 S 1 20 1 20
2
Pages 1920
True or
False?
7.2(x 2) 25.92
1.2
7.211.2 22 25.92 S 23.04 25.92
1.4
7.211.4 22 25.92 S 24.48 25.92
1.6
7.211.6 22 25.92 S 25.92 25.92
1.8
7.211.8 22 25.92 S 27.36 25.92
?
?
?
?
12
17
false
18
false
21
true
25
false
w2
2
3
4
5
6
true
true
true
true
true
true
24 2122
13 S 20
13
24 2132
13 S 18
13
24 2142
13 S 16
13
24 2152
13 S 14
13
?
24 2162
13 S 12 13
12
17
18
21
True or False?
24 2112
13 S 22
13
25
14
3500 4
.
14
3500 4
14
14,000
14
Practice and Apply
b 12 9
True or False?
12 12 9 S 0 9
false
17 12 9 S 5 9
false
18 12 9 S 6 9
false
21 12 9 S 9 9
true
25 12 9 S 13 9
false
34 b 22
True or False?
34 12 22 S 22 22
?
34 17 22 S 17 22
?
34 18 22 S 16 22
?
34 21 22 S 13 22
?
34 25 22 S 9 22
The solution of 34 b 22 is 12.
false
The solution set for 24 2x

13 is {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.
Chapter 1
15. Replace b in 34 b 22 with each value in the

replacement set.
27 x
w3
The solution is 27.
The solution is 3.
10. Replace x in 24 2x
13 with each value in the
replacement set.
The solution of b 12 9 is 21.
The solution of 7.2(x 2) 25.92 is 1.6.

14 8
8. 4(6) 3 x
9. w 2
24 2102
13 S 24
13
3500
14. Replace b in b 12 9 with each value in the

replacement set.
7. Replace x in 7.2(x 2) 25.92 with each value in

24 2x 13
the number
of days.
false
The solution of x 5 1 20 is 4.
24 3 x
divided
by
C 1000
The number of Calories a person would have to
burn each day is 1000 Calories.
true
1 5 1 20 S 1 5 1 20
the number
of Calories
the number
perpound times of pounds
3500 4
14
9
S 10
3
4
3
1 20
3
4
false
is
1
2
The number
of Calories
13
1
2
14
true
3(12 3) 2 28 S 25 28
1
4
true
1442443 123 1442443 123 1442443 14243 1442443
True or False?
1
4
2 ?

5
true
12.
6. Replace x in x 5 1 20 with each value in the

replacement set.
x
3(12 2) 2 28 S 28 28
The solution set for 3(12 x) 2 28 is {2, 2.5, 3}.
true
The solution of 12(x 8) 84 is 15.

2
false
2.5 3(12 2.5) 2 28 S 26.5 28
false
14 12114 82 84 S 72 84
True or
False?
3(12 x) 2 28
true
false
false
false
false
16. Replace a in 3a 7 31 with each value in the

replacement set.
3a 7 31
True or False?
3(0) 7 31 S 7 31
3(3) 7 31 S 16 31
3(5) 7 31 S 22 31
3(8) 7 31 S 31 31
?
?
?
10 3(10) 7 31 S 37 31
4a 5 17
false
4(0) 5 17 S 5 17
4(3) 5 17 S 17 17
?
?
4(5) 5 17 S 25 17
4(8) 5 17 S 37 17
?
?
10 4(10) 5 17 S 45 17
false
40
40
5
4 0S4 0
40
8
10
40
10
1
S 93
4 0S0 0
17
8
false
7 ? 17
8
21
8
17
8
false
The solution of x 4
17
8
is 8.
false
true
1
2
false
12
3
2 4S2 4
17
17
3
2 4 S 33 4
18
18
3
2 4S4 4
21
21
3
2 4S5 4
25
25
3
false
25
1
2
True or false?
7 ? 25
12
12
S 12 12
? 25
12
S 12 12
? 25
12
S 12 12
? 25
12
S 12 12
1 12
false
12
1 2 12
2 12
13
25
false
19
25
false
25
25
true
31
25
false
25
The solution of x 12 12 is 1 2.
8
22. Replace x in 5 (x 1) 15 with each value in the

replacement set.
1
6
1
3
1
2
2
3
2
1x
5
12 15
1 12 158 S 157 158

? 8
8
8
2 1
1 2 15 S 15 15
5 13
? 8
3
8
2 1
1 2 15 S 5 15
5 12
? 8
2 2
2
8
1 2 15 S 3 15
5 13
True or False?
2 1
5 6
false
true
false
false
1
The solution of 5 (x 1) 15 is 3.
23. Replace x in 2.7(x 5) 17.28 with each value in
True or False?
12
25
x 12 12
4 0 is 10.
21. Replace x in x 12 12 with each value in the

replacement set.
true
24
false
2.7(x 5) 17.28
?
?
?
24
b
3
19
8
4
The solution of
7
8
19. Replace b in 3 2 4 with each value in the

replacement set.
7 ? 17
8
7
8
false
true
false
false
4 0S1 0
b
3
17
8
4
false
40
a
The solution of
17
8
5
8
false
40
3
5
8
4 0 S undefined 0
false
7 ? 17
8
4
true
True or False?
40
0
17
8
18. Replace a in 4 0 with each value in the

replacement set.
3
8
40
True or False?
15
8
4
3
8
40
a
40
a
17
8
1
8
false
The solution of 4a 5 17 is 3.
with each value in the
7 ? 17
8
1
8
True or False?
17
8
x4
The solution of 3a 7 31 is 8.
replacement set.
a
20. Replace x in x 4
replacement set.
1
S 63
1.2 2.7(1.2 5) 17.28 S 16.74 17.28
false
1.3 2.7(1.3 5) 17.28 S 17.01 17.28
true
1.4 2.7(1.4 5) 17.28 S 17.28 17.28
false
1.5 2.7(1.5 5) 17.28 S 17.55 17.28
True or
False?
false
false
true
false
The solution of 2.7(x 5) 17.28 is 1.4.
false
2 4 is 18.
Chapter 1
24. Replace x in 16(x 2) 70.4 with each value in

p 4 [7(8) 4(25) 12]
True or
False?
16(x 2) 70.4
2.2
16 (2.2 2) 70.4 S 67.2 70.4
2.4
16 (2.4 2) 70.4 S 70.4 70.4
2.6
16 (2.6 2) 70.4 S 73.6 70.4
?
?
?
?
16 (2.8 2) 70.4 S 76.8 70.4
2.8
35. p 4 [7(23 ) 4(52 ) 6(2) ]

1
p 4 [56 100 12]

1
false
p 4 [156 12]
true
p 4 [144]
false
p 36
The solution is 36.
false
36. n 8 [6(32 ) 2(43 ) 2(7) ]
The solution of 16(x 2) 70.4 is 2.4.

25. Replace x in 21(x 5) 216.3 with each value in
n 8 [54 128 14]

1
True or
n 8 [182 14]
False?
n 8 [164]
false
n 21
The solution is 21.
21(x 5) 216.3
n 8 [6(9) 2(64) 14]
3.1 21 (3.1 5) 216.3 S 170.1 216.3

?
4.2 21 (4.2 5) 216.3 S 193.2 216.3
false
37. Replace a in a 2 6 with each value in the

replacement set.
true
5.3 21 (5.3 5) 216.3 S 216.3 216.3

?
6.4 21 (6.4 5) 216.3 S 239.4 216.3
false
The solution of 21(x 5) 216.3 is 5.3.
26.
The
adult
the
student
is no
number
price
number
price
more
$30.
of adults times 1442443
per ticket plus 1442443
of students times 1442443
per ticket 123
than 123
1442443
123
123
123
$30
or 2a 3s 30
27. Evaluate 2a 3s for a 4.50 and s 4.50.
2a 3s 2(4.50) 3(4.50)
9 13.50
22.50
The cost for the family to see a matinee is $22.50.
28. Evaluate 2a 3s for a 7.50 and s 4.50.
2a 3s 2(7.50) 3(4.50)
15 13.50
28.50
The cost for the family to see an evening show is
$28.50.
29. 14.8 3.75 t
30. a 32.4 18.95
11.05 t
a 13.45
The solution is 11.05.
12 5
3
60
12
31. y 15
y
g
7(3) 3
33. d 4(3 1) 6
21 3
4(2)
d
24
8
11
a
13
14
15
16
17
15 6
7
90
9
6
6
d36
d9
The solution is 9.
a
4(14 1)
3(6) 5
4(13)

18 5
a
52
13
true
true
6 2 6 6S4 6 6
7 2 6 6S5 6 6
?
8 2 6 6S6 6
?
9 2 6 6S7 6
?
10 2 6 6 S 8 6
?
11 2 6 6 S 9 6
a 7 22
false
false
false
True or False?
true
true
13 7 6 22 S 20 6 22
14 7 6 22 S 21 6 22
?
15 7 6 22 S 22 22
?
16 7 6 22 S 23 22
?
17 7 6 22 S 24 22
false
false
false
39. Replace a in 5
replacement set.
a
5
2
True or False?
7
5 ?
2S1 2
false
10
10 ?
2S2
2
true
15
15 ?
2S3
2
true
20
20 ?
2S4
2
true
25
25 ?
2S5
2
true
7
a47
a 11
The solution is 11.
The solution set for

Chapter 1
false
The solution set for a 7 22 is {13, 14}.
g 10
The solution is 10.
34. a
True or False?
The solution set for a 2 6 is {6, 7}.

38. Replace a in a 7 22 with each value in the
replacement set.
32. g 16
y5
The solution is 5.
d
10
a26
a
5
2 is {10, 15, 20, 25}.
44. Replace b in 2b 5 with each value in the

replacement set.
2a
40. Replace a in 4 8 with each value in the

replacement set.
2a
4
a
12
14
16
18
20
22
8
21122 ?
4
8S6 8
8S7 8
8S8 8
21182 ?
4
8S9 8
8 S 10 8
21222 ?
4
8 S 11 8
2a
4
45.
3.4
4(3.4) 3
10.6 S 10.6
10.6
3.6
3.8
false
true
true
true
413.62 3
10.6 S 11.4
10.6
413.82 3
10.6 S 12.2
10.6
4(4) 3
10.6 S 13
10.6
4.2
614.22 5
23.8 S 20.2 23.8
4.5
614.52 5
23.8 S 22 23.8
$39
4.8
614.82 5
23.8 S 23.8
23.8
5.1
615.12 5
23.8 S 25.6
23.8
5.4
?
?
615.42 5
23.8 S 27.4
23.8
3a 4
3102 4 S 0 4
0
1
3
2
3
1
1 13
1 12
18,995
$10.95
true
2 39122 10.95 102.50 S88.95 102.50
true
true
1
39n 10.95 102.50

?
$102.50
Reasonable?
too low
3 39132 10.95 102.50 S127.95 102.50 too high
true
1 2
Examine The solution set is {0, 1, 2}. You can buy

2 sweaters and stay within your budget.
49. The solution set includes all numbers less than or
1
equal to 3.
50. You can use equations to determine how much
money you have to spend and how you can spend
your money. Answers should include the following.
Sample answers: calculating gasoline required
for a trip: cooking time
true
6220
true
3 13 4 S 4 4
123 14243 123 14243 123 14243
true
3112 4 S 3 4
15,579
glasses
of soda.
39 10.95 102.50
49.95 102.50
The estimate is too low. Increase the value of n.
false
true
113 2 4 S 1 4
2 ?
313 2 4 S 2 4
plus
True or False?
39n 10.95 102.50
The solution set for 6a 5

23.8 is {4.8, 5.1, 5.4}.
43. Replace a in 3a 4 with each value in the
replacement set.
a
plus
glasses
of juice
39(1) 10.95 102.50
false
is
glasses
of milk
or 39n 10.95 102.50

48. Explore You can spend no more than $102.50.
So the situation can be represented by
the inequality 39n 10.95 102.50.
Plan
Since no replacement set is given,
estimate to find reasonable values for
Solve
Start by letting n 1 and then adjust
values up or down as needed.
True or
False?
6a 5 23.8
Total number
of glasses
1442443 123 1442443 123 1442443 14243
The solution set for 4a 3

10.6 is
{3.4, 3.6, 3.8, 4}.
42. Replace a in 6a 5
23.8 with each value in the
replacement set.
a
$102.50.
each sweater times of sweaters plus for shipping more than 14243
true
false
or g 15,579 6220 18,995

46. Evaluate 15,579 6220 18,995.
15,579 6220 18,995 21,799 18,995
40,794
The average American drinks 40,794 glasses.
47. The cost of
the number
the charge
is not
True or
False?
4(3.2) 3
10.6 S 9.8 10.6
false
41. Replace a in 4a 3
10.6 with each value in the
replacement set.
3.2
1 2 6 5S5 5
true
1
22
2132 6 5 S 6 5
1442443
8 is {12, 14, 16}.
4a 3 10.6
true
The solution set for 2b 5 is 1, 12, 2 .
false
false
1 2 6 5S3 6 5
true
1
12
2122 6 5 S 4 6 5
2 12
false
21202 ?
true
True or False?
2112 6 5 S 2 6 5
1 12
true
21162 ?
4
true
21142 ?
2b 5
True or False?
The solution set for 3a 4 is 0, 3, 3, 1, 1 3 .
Chapter 1
51. B; Replace n in
15 n2 2 5
57. 53 3(42) 53 3(16)

125 3(16)
125 48
173
6 28 with each value in
19 32 2 n

15 n2 2 5
28
11
19 3 2 n
15 52 2 5
15 72 2 5
15 92 2 5
True or False?
19 33 2 7
6 28 S 16 37 6 28
15 112 2 5
13
15 132 2 5
19 3 2 11
2
19 3 2 13
2
23
6 28 S 28 37 28
?
6 28
7
S 62 34
26
1
59. [5(2 1)]4 3 [5(3)]4 3
[15]4 3
50,625 3
50,628
true
false
false
60.
1
6
2
5
6
3
28
15 n2 2 5
19 32 n
2
false
6 28 is {5, 7}.
5
6
15
16
9
3
3
7
15
16
63.
6
14
12
18
25
32
12
18
14
7
2
6
21
7
7
8
13
2
11
66.
3
11
7
16
8 2
11
16
143
13
65.
4
9
4 4
9
16
63
7
3 7
16
Page 20
4
7
11
67.
21
176
2
9
24
25
9
3
24
25
16
75
Practice Quiz 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
twenty less than x

five times n plus two
a cubed
n to the fourth power minus one
6(9) 2(8 5) 6(9) 2(13)
54 2(13)
54 26
28
6. 4[2 (18 9)3] 4[2 (2)3]
4[2 8]
4[10]
40
7. 9(3) 42 62 2 9(3) 16 62 2
9(3) 16 36 2
27 16 36 2
27 16 18
11 18
29
t 14s r2 2 14 5 22
1
2 120 22
1
2 1222
1
11
55. Sum implies add, and times implies multiply. So
the expression can be written as (r s)t2.
1
Evaluate (r s)t2 for r 2, s 5, and t 2.
4
8.
56. Decreased by implies subtract, so the expression

can be written as r5 t.
1
Evaluate r5 t for r 2 and t 2.
15 22 2
314 2 72
314

r5 t 25 2
32 2
10
132 2
2 72
9
314 2 72
9
318 72
9
3112
9
3
3
31 2
Chapter 1
3
7
Evaluate t(4s r) for r 2, s 5, and t 2.
112 22
1
172 1 4 2
21
6
172
4
9
62.
53. Increased by implies add, and times implies

r 2 3s.
Evaluate r2 3s for r 2 and s 5.
r2 3s 22 3 5
43 5
4 15
19
54. Times implies multiply, and sum implies add. So
the expression can be written as t(4s r).
112 22
61.
64.
1r s2t2 12 52
2
5
15
52. C; 27 3 (12 4) 27 3 8
98
17
Page 20
6 28 S 43 7 28
?
26
2 13
26
6 28 S 8 38 6 28
11
38 12
2 13
true
19 32 2 5
19 32 2 9
58.
9.
5 42 10 2
6 5

11. From Exercises 9 and 10 we determine that four

score and seven years is 87 years.
5 16 10 2
6 5
80 10 2
6 5
90 2
6 5
88
11
Pages 2325
8
10. Replace n in 2n2 3 75 with each value in the
replacement set.
2n2 3 75
n
4
5
6
7
8
9
True or False?
2 42 3 75 S 35 75
2
2 5 3 75 S 53 75
2 6 3 75 S 75 75
2 7 3 75 S 101 75
?
2 82 3 75 S 131 75
2
92
3 75 S 165 75
true
true
true
false
false
18. Multiplicative Inverse Property;

1
1
n 2, since 1 2 2.
false
The solution set for 2n2 3 75 is {4, 5, 6}.
1-4

1
n 1, since 4 4 1.
20. Substitution Property;
n 5, since (9 7)(5) 2(n).
21. Substitution Property;
n 3, since 3 (2 8) n 10.
22. Multiplicative Identity Property;
Identity and Equality Properties
Page 23
1. No; for 1 to be an additive identity, the sum of

any number a and 1 must be a. However,
3 1 4 3.
2. Sample answer: 5 3 2, and 3 2 4 1, so
5 4 1; 5 7 8 4, and 8 4 12, so
5 7 12.
3. Sample answer: You cannot divide by zero.
4. Multiplicative Property of Zero;
n 0, since 13 0 0.
5. Additive Identity Property;
n 17, since 17 0 17.
n 3, since 3 52
n 2, since 6
24.
2 3 125 251 2
3
4
112 22 6 1 6.
[ 4 (7 4) ]
3
4 [4 3] Substitution; 7 4 3
34
3 4
3
4
1
25.
7. 6(12 48 4) 6(12 12) Substitution; 48 4 12

6(0)
Substitution; 12 12 0
0
Multiplicative Property
of Zero; 6 0 0
8.
1
25
3 1
3.

1
n 6, since 6 6 1.
1
15 15
Practice and Apply

n 1, since 12 1 12.
n 5, since 5 1 5.
14. Reflexive Property;
n 5, since 8 5 8 5.
15. Reflexive Property;
n 0.25, since 0.25 1.5 0.25 1.5
n 0, since 8 0 8.
1
1
1
n 3, since 3 0 3.
2
3
Substitution; 4 3 3
3
4
Multiplicative Inverse;
4
3
1
[ 3 (2 1) ]
2
3 [3 2] Multiplicative Identity; 2 1 2
34
2 3
2
3
1
8 0 12
Substitution; 3 2 2
26. 2 (3 2 5)
(1 + 8 0) 12 Multiplicative Inverse;
1
15 15 1
(1 0) 12
Multiplicative Property of Zero;
8 00
1 12
Additive Identity; 1 0 1
12
Multiplicative Identity;
1 12 12
2
3
3
2
1
1
33
1
2(6 5) 3 3 Substitution; 3 2 6
2 112 3
1
2 33
1
3
Substitution; 6 5 1
2 12
9. four score and seven

1
442443 123
1
424
3

4(20)
7
or 4(20) 7
10. 4(20) 7 80 7 Substitution; 4 20 80
87
11
21
1
331
3
Substitution; 2 1 3
Chapter 1
35.
27. 6 6 5 (12 4 3)
Eight
players times
14243 123
6 6 5(3 3) Substitution; 12 4 3
6
1
6
5102
Substitution; 3 3 0
1 5(0)
Three
players times
3
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
1169.10
or 1169.10 y 1169.10
y 0, since 1169.10 0 1169.10.
33.
increase
Pay for
from
grade
yr to 10 yr
E-4 at 6 yr times 6
1442443
1442443
123
1653
is
1653
123
pay for
grade
E-4 at 10 yr.
144424443
42.
Base
salary
is the
bonus for
plus 12 touchdowns same as
base
salary
$50,000
$350,000
bonus for
plus 76 points.
$50,000
or 350,000 50,000 350,000 50,000
Chapter 1
($400,000
$50,000
base
salary
plus
($400,000
1601
yards
14243
$1,000,000
$50,000)
$50,000)
12
4.5 yards
plus per carry
123 14243
$50,000)
or 4(400,000 1,000,000 50,000)

So the expression can be written as 8(400,000
100,000 50,000) 3(400,000 50,000
50,000) 4(400,000 1,000,000 50,000).
8(400,000 100,000 50,000) 3(400,000
50,000 50,000) 4(400,000 50,000 50,000)
8(550,000) 3(400,000 50,000 50,000)
4(400,000 50,000 50,000) Substitution;
400,000 100,000 50,000 550,000
8(550,000) 3(500,000) 4(500,000)
Substitution; 400,000 1,000,000 50,000
1,450,000
4,400,000 1,500,000 2,000,000
Substitution; 4 1,450,000 5,800,000
7,900,000 Substitution; 4,400,000 1,500,000
5,800,000 11,700,000
Sometimes; Sample answer: true: x 2, y 1,
z 4, w 3, 2
1 and 4
3 and 2 4 8
3
1 3; false: x 1, y 1, z 2, w 3,
1
1 and 2
3 however, 1(2) 2 3
(1)(3).
You can use the identity and equality properties
to see if data is the same. Answers should include
the following:
Reflexive: r r, or Symmetric: a b so b a.
Oklahoma, week 1 a, week 2 b, week
3 c. a b and b c so a c.
A; In words: If one quantity equals a second
quantity, then the second quantity equals the first.
B; Substitution Property, since 10 8 2.
False, since 4 5 1 and 1 is not a whole
number.
True, for any whole numbers a and b the product
ab is also a whole number.
1
14243 123 144424443 14243 14243 123 14243
$350,000
76 points
12
plus touchdowns plus scored
43. False, since 1 2 2 and

number.
or 1653y 1653
y 1, since 1653 1 1653.
34.
Four
players times
grade
E-2 at 12 yr.
144424443
base
salary
14243 123 14243 123
80(2.5 1) 40(10 6)
25(5 3)
or 25(5 3) +
80(2.5 1)
+ 40(10 6)
31. 25(5 3) 80(2.5 1) 40(10 6)
25(2) 80(2.5 1) 40(10 6) Substitution;
532
25(2) 80(1.5) 40(10 6)
Substitution;
2.5 1 1.5
25(2) 80(1.5) 40(4)
Substitution;
10 6 4
50 120 160
Substitution;
40 4 160
330
Substitution;
170 160
330
increase
pay for
32. Pay for
123
$100,000
or 3(400,000 50,000 50,000)
1
2
28. 3 5(4 2 ) 1
3 5(4 4) 1 Substitution; 22 4
3 5(0) 1
Substitution; 4 4 0
301
Multiplicative Property of
Zero; 5 0 0
31
2
Substitution; 3 1 2
29. 7 8(9 32)
7 8(9 9) Substitution; 32 9
7 8(0)
Substitution; 9 9 0
70
Multiplicative Property of Zero;
8 00
7
30. Profit for
profit for
profit for
and 80 buttons and 40 caps
25 peanuts 123
1442443
1442443 123 14243
is
14243 123 14243 123 1442443 123 14243
Zero; 5 0 0
from
grade
plus
yr to 12 yr
E-2 at 3 yr 123 3
1442443
1442443

y
1169.10
($400,000
or 8(400,000 100,000 50,000)
1
661
10
35% of
offensive
base
weight
salary plus below 240 lb plus plays
14243 123 1442443 123 14243
1
2
is not a whole
Page 25
10 x 6
10 3 7 6 S 7 7 6
10 5 7 6 S 5 6
10 6 7 6 S 4 6
10 8 7 6 S 2 6
True or False?
1
2
true
1
3
false
1
4
false
false
1
5
The solution set for 10 x

6 is {3}.
replacement set.
4x 2 58
x
11
4 11 2 6 58 S 46 6 58
12
4 12 2 6 58 S 50 6 58
13
14
?
?
4 13 2 6 58 S 54 6 58
?
4 14 2 6 58 S 58 58
?
4 15 2 6 58 S 62 58
15
1
6
false
false
5.9
5.9 ?

2
3 S 2 20 3
false
3S3 3
true
1
S 3 20
6.1
6.1 ?

2
true
6.2
6.2 ?

2
3 S 3 10 3
true
6.3
6.3 ?

2
3
S 3 20
x
2
3
1
32
3
3.25
3.5
3.75
4
8 3 32 S 24 32
?
8 3.25 32 S 26 32
?
8 3.5 32 S 28 32
?
8 3.75 32 S 30 32
?
8 4 32 S 32 32
3
10
S 30 6
24 6
3
10
S5 6
1
5
3
10
S 10 10
false
3
10
S 30 10
11
false
2
2
1
6
6
?
7
10
3
10
true
3
10
true
3
10
2x 6
true
3
10
2x 1 2
is
512, 13, 14 6.
True or False?
1
true
false
2 3 1 2S5 2
1
2 32
false
1 2S6 2
50. (3 6) 32 (9) 32
99
1
51. 6(12 7.5) 7 6(4.5) 7
27 7
20
52. 20 4 8 10 5 8 10
40 10
4
53.
true
16 22 2
16
3192
3 is {6, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3}.
8x 32
1
3
5 16
false
The solution set for 2x 1 2 is 1 4 .
47. Replace x in 8x 32 with each value in the

replacement set.
x
S 10 6
2 2 1 2S3 2
3
10
false
6 ?

2
2 14 1 2 S 12 2
5.8
7
10
2
7
10
7
10
22 6
14
True or False?
19
7
10
True or False?
true
5.8 ?

2
9
S 2 10
7
10
3
2x 10
true
46. Replace x in 2 3 with each value in the

replacement set.
x
7
10
with each value in the

replacement set.
true
The solution set for 4x 2 58 is {11, 12, 13}.
x
2
3
10
True or False?
48. Replace x in 10 2x 6
replacement set.
44. Replace x in 10 x
replacement set.
54.
True or False?
true
true
true
55.
true
true
The solution set for 8x 32 is {3, 3.25, 3.5, 3.75, 4}.
56.
57.
13
182 2
3192
16
64

16
3192
4 3(9)
4 27
31
[62 (2 4)2] 3 [62 (6)2]3
[36 (6)2]3
[36 12]3
[24]3
72
2
2
9(3) 4 6 2 9(3) 16 36 2
27 16 36 2
27 16 18
11 18
29
Sample answer: Let x be the number. Sum
implies add, and twice implies multiply by 2. So
the expression can be written as 2x2 7.
10(6) 10(2) 60 10(2)
60 20
80
Chapter 1
58. (15 6) 8 9 8
72
59. 12(4) 5(4) 48 5(4)
48 20
28
60. 3(4 2) 3(6)
61. 5(6 4) 5(2)
18
10
62. 8(14 2) 8(16)
128
4. 3(x 3) 3x 3
The rectangle has 3 x-tiles and 9 1-tiles. The area
of the rectangle is
x111x111x111
or 3x 9.
Therefore, 3(x 3) 3x 3 is false.
x3
The Distributive Property
1-5
Page 28
Algebra Activity
x
1
1
6. Rachel; Sample answer: 3(x 4) 3(x) 3(4)

3x 12
The rectangle has 3 x-tiles. The area of the
rectangle is 3x 12. Therefore, Rachel is correct.
x4
1
1
1
1
1
5x 10
Pages 2930
2x 1
Chapter 1
x
x
x
x
1
1
x
x
x
1
1
1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1
1
1
3x 12
1. Sample answer: The numbers inside the

parentheses are each multiplied by the number
outside the parentheses then the products are
added.
2. Sample answer: 4ab 3b a 2ab 7ab
3. Courtney; Ben forgot that w4 is really 1 w4.
4. 6(12 2) 6 12 6 2
72 12
60
5. 2(4 t) 2 4 2 t
8 2t
6. (g 9)5 g 5 9 5
5g 45
7. 16(102) 16(100 2)
16(100) 16(2)
1600 32
1632
3. 2(2x 1)
of the rectangle is
x x 1 x x 1 or 4x 2.
Therefore, 2(2x 1) 4x 2.
5x
x x x x x
x2
1
1
1
1
1
3x 9
2x 2
2. 5 (x 2)
The rectangle has 5 x-tiles and 10 1-tiles. The
area of the rectangle is
x11x11x11x11
x 1 1 or 5x 10.
Therefore, 5(x 2) 5x 10.
x
x
x
x
x
1 1
1 1
1 1
32
x1
x
x
1
1
1
5. x(3 2) 3x 2x
The rectangle has 5 x-tiles. The area of the
rectangle is x x x x x or 3x 2x or 5x.
Therefore, x(3 2) 3x 2x is true.
1. 2(x 1)
of the rectangle is
x 1 x 1 or 2x 2.
Therefore, 2(x 1) 2x 2.
x
x
x
4x 2
14
1 12
8. 3 17 1172 3 17 17
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
28. 4(8p 4q 7r) 4(8p) 4(4q) 4(7r)

32p 16q 28r
29.
number of
number of
people at
people at
number
Olympic
aquatics
of days times Stadium plus center
14243 123 14243 123 14243
3 1172 17 1172
1
51 1
52
13m m (13 1)m
14m
3(x 2x) 3(x) 3(2x)
3x 6x
(3 6)x
9x
There are no like terms. 14a2 13b2 27 is
simplified.
4(3g 2) 4(3g) 4(2)
12g 8
average
number of
price of
plus
tip
haircuts times
each
haircut
14243 123 1442443 123 14243

($19.95

$2)
12
30.
31.
32.
or 12(19.95 2)
14. 12(19.95 2) 12(19.95) 12(2)
239.40 24
263.4
Ms. Curry earned $263.40.
Pages 3031
33.
Practice and Apply
34.
15. 8(5 7) 8 5 8 7
40 56
96
16. 7(13 12) 7 13 7 12
91 84
175
17. 12(9 5) 12 9 12 5
108 60
48
18. 13(10 7) 13 10 13 7
130 91
39
19. 3(2x 6) 3 2x 3 6
6x 18
20. 8(3m 4) 8 3m 8 4
24m 32
21. (4 x)2 4 2 x 2
8 2x
22. (5 n)3 5 3 n 3
15 3n
23. 28 y 7 281y2 28
24. 27 2b
1
3
28y 4
4

(110,000
17,500)
or 4(110,000 17,500)
4(110,000 17,500) 4(110,000) 4(17,500)
440,000 70,000
510,000
The attendance for the 4-day period was 510,000
people.
5 97 5(100 3)
5(100) 5(3)
500 15
485
8 990 8(1000 10)
8(1000) 8(10)
8000 80
7920
17 6 (20 3)6
20(6) 3(6)
120 18
102
24 7 (20 4)7
20(7) 4(7)
140 28
168
1 12
35. 18 2 9 18 2 9
18(2) 18
36 2
38
37.
12
1 12
36. 48 3 6 48 3 6
1
9
48132 48
144 8
152
116 2
hours
hours
hours on
number
using
meeting
telephone
of weeks times e-mail plus in person 123
plus 1
14243 123 14243 123 1
4424
43
4424
43
12
(5
12
18)
or 12(5 12 18)
38. 12(5 12 18) 12(5) 12(12) 12(18)

60 144 216
420
She should plan 420 h for contacting people.
monthly
monthly
monthly
39.
charge
number
charge
charge
of months times for medical plus for dental plus for vision
1442443 123 1442443 123 1442443 123 1442443
12
1
7
(78
20
12)
or 6(78 20 12)
40. 6(78 20 12) 6(78) 6(20) 6(12)

468 120 72
660
The cost to the employee is $660.
2 2712b2 27 1 2
1
3
54b 9
25. a(b 6) a(b) a(6)
ab 6a
26. x(z 3) x(z) x(3)
xz 3x
27. 2(a 3b 2c) 2(a) 2(3b) 2(2c)
2a 6b 4c
15
Chapter 1
41.
number
monthly charge
monthly charge
of months times for medical
for dental
plus
l w 13 2
1442443 123 144424443 123 144424443
42.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
(78 50
12
(20 15)
3
w
2
or 12[(78 50) (20 15)]

12[(78 50) (20 15)] 12 [128 35]
12(128) 12(35)
1536 420
1956
The cost to the employee is $1956.
2x 9x (2 9)x
43. 4b 5b (4 5)b
11x
9b
There are no like terms. 5n2 7n is simplified.
3a2 14a2 (3 14)a2
17a2
12(3c 4) 12(3c) 12(4)
36c 48
15(3x 5) 15(3x) 15(5)
45x 75
2
6x 14x 9x 6x2 (14 9)x
6x2 5x
3
3
4
4y 3y y (4 3)y3 y4
7y3 y4
6(5a 3b 2b) 6(5a) 6(3b) 6(2b)
30a 18b 12b
30a (18 12)b
30a 6b
5(6m 4n 3n) 5(6m) 5(4n) 5(3n)
30m 20n 15n
30m (20 15)n
30m 5n
3 2
w
2
13 2
3 2
w
2
2 3 2
w
3 2
27
2
2 23 1272 2
w2 9
w3
Substitute w 3 into the area formula.
1
l w 13 2
1
l 3 13 2
1
l 42
1
Therefore, the rectangle has a length of 4 2 units

and a width of 3 units.
55. You can use the Distributive Property to calculate
quickly by expressing any number as a sum or
difference of more convenient numbers. Answer
should include the following.
Both methods result in the correct answer. In
one method you multiply then add, and in the
other you add then multiply.
56. D; 3(x y) 2(x y) 4x 3x 3y 2x 2y 4x
3x 2x 4x 3y 2y
(3 2 4)x (3 2)y
1x 5y
x 5y
57. C; c 7(2 2.8 3 4.2)
7(5.6 12.6)
7(5.6) 7(12.6)
39.2 88.2
127.4
7
x
7
1
52. x2 8 x 8 x2 8 x 8x
178 18 2x
x2
w 13 2
x2 8 x
3
x2 4 x
53. a
a
5
Page 31
5a 5a 5a 5a
155 15 25 2 a
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
5a
54. Area l w 13 2
w 5 perimeter 5 121l w2 2
1
5 12l 2w2
1
2
Solve w
w
w
2
5w
3
w
5
5 3
w
2 5
3
w
2
12

2
w
5
2
w
5
is
number of
number of
feet per second times seconds
1129
or d 1129(2)
65. 1129(2) (1000 100 30 1)2
1000(2) 100(2) 30(2) 1(2)
2000 200 60 2
2258
Sound travels 2258 feet in 2 seconds.
66. 3ab c2 3 4 6 32
3469
12 6 9
72 9
63
for l.
12
l
Substitute 2 w for l into the Area formula.
Chapter 1
total
distance
14243 123 144424443 123 1442443
5l 5w
2
l
5
2
l
5
2
l
5
2
l
5
5 2
l
2 5
Symmetric Property
Substitution Property
Multiplicative Identity Property
Multiplicative Inverse Property
Reflexive Property
16
67. 8(a c)2 3

68.
6ab
c 1a 22
7.
6 4 6
314 22

69. 1a c2
6. 5 3 6 4 5 4 3 6
(5 4) (3 6)
20 18
360
8(4 3)2 3
8(1)2 3
813
83
11
1a 2 b 2 14 32 14 2 6 2
4 6
172 1 2 2
10
172 1 2 2
12 1142
168
Area is 168 cm2.2.
72. A s2
8.52
72.25
Area is 72.25 m2.a i
Commutative and Associative

Properties
1. Sample answer: The Associative Property says the

way you can group numbers together when
adding or multiplying does not change the result.
2. Sample answer: Division is not Commutative. For
example, 10 2 2 10.
3. Sample answer: 1 5 8 8 1 5;
(1 5)8 1(5 8)
4. 14 18 26 14 26 18
(14 26) 18
40 18
58
64
10
114 q 234 q2 2q
3
1
1 4 24 2 q 2q
1442443
1
(p
2
1
1p
2
2q)
2q2 4q 2 1 p2 2 12q2
3
2 p q 4q
1
2
3
1
2 p 11 4 2q
1
1
32 22 4
1
1
32 22 4
5
6
5
6
3q 2q
13 22q
5q
11. 3(4x 2) 2x 3(4x) 3(2) 2x
12x 6 2x
12x 2x 6
(12x 2x) 6
(12 2)x 6
14x 6
12. 7(ac 2b) 2ac 7(ac) 7(2b) 2ac
7ac 14b 2ac
7ac 2ac 14b
(7ac 2ac) 14b
(7 2)ac 14b
9ac 14b
13. 3(x 2y) 4(3x y) 3(x) 3(2y) 4(3x) 4(y)
3x 6y 12x 4y
3x 12x 6y 4y
(3 12)x (6 4)y
15x 10y
14. half the sum
by three-fourths q
of p and 2q increased
1442443 144424443
2 1242 1142
4
5.
10. 4 q 2q 24 q 4 q 24 q 2q
71. A 2 bh
1
22
5
6
130
8. 4x 5y 6x 4x 6x 5y
(4x 6x) 5y
(4 6)x 5y
10x 5y
9. 5a 3b 2a 7b 5a 2a 3b 7b
(5a 2a) (3b 7b)
(5 2)a (3 7)b
7a 10b
70. A l w
95
45
Area is 45 in2.2.
1
32
156
8
Page 34
16 94 16 94
16 94
24 6
314 22
144
314 22
144
3162
144
18
172 152
35
1-6
5
6
1
p
2
q
2 p 14 q
17
3
q
4
3
q
4
3
q
4
Distributive
Property
Multiply.
Associative ()
Distributive
Property
Substitution
Chapter 1
15. number of
area of
triangles times
each
triangle
1442443 123 1444244
43
1

4
bh
2
11 2
26. 3 7 14 14 3 7 14 14
1
48 14
112 5.2 7.862

1
1 4 2 2 15.2 7.862
60
4 2bh 4
27.
5
28
2
24 6 3
2 8 24 6 3
2
63 6 3
2 40.872
81.744
The area of the large triangle is 81.744 cm2.
28.
420
cost
cost
cost
Friday Saturday Sunday
cost
Monday
14243 14243 14243 14243
Pages 3436
$72 $63 $63 $72

72 63 63 72 72 63 72 63
(72 63) (72 63)
135 135
270
The total cost is $270.
Practice and Apply
16. 17 6 13 24 17 13 6 24
(17 13) (6 24)
30 30
60
17. 8 14 22 9 8 22 14 9
(8 22) (14 9)
30 23
53
18. 4.25 3.50 8.25 4.25 8.25 3.50
(4.25 8.25) 3.50
12.50 3.50
16
19. 6.2 4.2 4.3 5.8 6.2 4.3 4.2 5.8
(6.2 4.3) (4.2 5.8)
10.5 10
20.5
1
29.
cost
tax
cost
tax
cost
tax
cost
tax
for
for
for
for
for
for
for
for
Friday
123 Saturday
1424
3
1424
3 Monday
14243 Saturday
123 Friday
14243 Sunday
1424
3 Sunday
1424
3 Monday
$72 $5.40 $63 $5.10 $63 $5.10 $72 $5.40
72 5.40 63 5.10 63 5.10 72 5.40

72 63 72 63 5.40 5.10 5.40 5.10
(72 63) (72 63) (5.40 5.10) (5.40 5.10)
135 135 10.50 10.50
(135 135) (10.50 10.50)
270 21
291
The total cost including tax is $291.
30. Sample answer:
Sales from Sales from Sales from
Sales from 3 new
5 used
2 older
2
DVDs
videos
releases
videos
14243
20. 6 2 3 2 2 6 2 2 3 2
62 2 13 22
1
75
12
3
14243
21. 2 8 4 3 8 28 3 8 4
28 3 8 4

6
58
6
98
3
94
4
31.
22. 5 11 4 2 5 2 11 4
(5 2) (11 4)
10 44
440
23. 3 10 6 3 3 3 10 6
(3 3) (10 6)
9 60
540
24. 0.5 2.4 4 0.5 4 2.4
(0.5 4) 2.4
2 2.4
4.8
25. 8 1.6 2.5 8 2.5 1.6
(8 2.5) 1.6
20 1.6
32
Chapter 1
32.
33.
34.
18
14243
14243
2(3.99) 3(4.49) 2(2.99) 5(9.99)

2(3.99) 3(4.49) 2(2.99) 5(9.99)
2(3.99) 2(2.99) 3(4.49) 5(9.99)
2(3.99 2.99) 3(4.49) 5(9.99)
Two expressions to represent total sales can be
2(3.99) 3(4.49) 2(2.99) 5(9.99) and
2(3.99 2.99) 3(4.49) 5(9.99).
2(3.99 2.99) 3(4.49) 5(9.99)
2(6.98) 3(4.49) 5(9.99)
13.96 13.47 49.95
27.43 49.95
77.38
The total sales of the clerk are $77.38.
4a 2b a 4a a 2b
(4a a) 2b
(4 1)a 2b
5a 2b
2y 2x 8y 2y 8y 2x
(2y 8y) 2x
(2 8)y 2x
10y 2x
2x 10y
x2 3x 2x 5x2 x2 5x2 3x 2x
(x2 5x2) (3x 2x)
(1 5)x2 (3 2)x
6x2 5x
44. twice the sum

of s and t decreased by
1442443
35. 4a3 6a 3a3 8a 4a3 3a3 6a 8a

(4a3 3a3) (6a 8a)
(4 3)a3 (6 8)a
7a3 14a
36. 6x 2(2x 7) 6x 2(2x) 2(7)
6x 4x 14
(6x 4x) 14
(6 4)x 14
10x 14
37. 5n 4(3n 9) 5n 4(3n) 4(9)
5n 12n 36
(5n 12n) 36
(5 12)n 36
17n 36
38. 3(x 2y) 4(3x y) 3(x) 3(2y) 4(3x) 4(y)
3x 6y 12x 4y
3x 12x 6y 4y
(3x 12x) (6y 4y)
(3 12)x (6 4)y
15x 10y
39. 3.2(x y) 2.3(x y) 4x
3.2(x) 3.2(y) 2.3(x) 2.3(y) 4x
3.2x 3.2y 2.3x 2.3y 4x
3.2x 2.3x 4x 3.2y 2.3y
(3.2x 2.3x 4x) (3.2y 2.3y)
(3.2 2.3 4)x (3.2 2.3)y
9.5x 5.5y
40. 3(4m n) 2m 3(4m) 3(n) 2m
12m 3n 2m
12m 2m 3n
(12m 2m) 3n
(12 2)m 3n
14m 3n
41. 6(0.4f 0.2g) 0.5f 6(0.4f ) 6(0.2g) 0.5f
2.4f 1.2g 0.5f
2.4f 0.5f 1.2g
(2.4f 0.5f ) 1.2g
(2.4 0.5)f 1.2g
2.9f 1.2g
42.
3
4
2(s t)

s
2(s t) s 2(s) 2(t) s Distributive
Property
2t 2s s
Comm. ()
2t s(2 1)
Dist.
2t s(1)
Sub.()
2t s
Mult. Id.
s 2t
Comm. ()
45.
five times the
by 3xy
product of x and y increased
1442443 123
14444244443

3xy
5(x y)
5(xy) 3xy 5(xy) 3(xy) Associative ()
xy(5 3)
Distributive Property
xy(8)
Substitution
8xy
Commutative ()
46. the product of
6 and the
the sum of
square
of
z
increased
by
seven,
z2, and 6
1442443
1442443 144424443
6 z2

(7 z2 6)
2
2
6z (7 z 6)
6z2 (z2 7 6) Commutative ()
(6z2 z2) (7 6) Associative ()
z2(6 1) (7 6) Distributive Property
z2(7) 13
Substitution
7z2 13
Commutative ()
47.
three times the
six times
sum of x and half
the sum of
x144424443
and y squared decreased by 144424443
of y squared
1442443
6(x y2)
6 1x
3x 42y2
123s s2 43t
3
2
4
4 1 3 1 2 s 3t
3
4 3s 3t
1 2
3 1
1 2
43. 2p 5 2 p 2q 3 2p 5 2 p 5 2q 3
3
2p 10 p 5q 3
3
1
2 6 2
3
6
2
1 2 10 2 p 5 q 3
2p 10 p 5 q 3
23
10 p 5 q 3
2
3
23
3 1x2 3
3
112 y22
Distributive
Property
Commutative ()
Distributive
Property
Commutative ()
48. Sometimes; Sample answer: 4 3 3 4,

but 4 4 4 4.
49. You can use the Commutative and Associative
Properties to rearrange and group numbers for
easier calculations. Answers should include the
following.
d (0.4 1.1) (1.5 1.5) (1.9 1.8 0.8)
50. C; 6(ac 2b) 2ac 6(ac) 6(2b) 2ac
6ac 12b 2ac
6ac 2ac 12b
(6ac 2ac) 12b
(6 2)ac 12b
8ac 12b
4
3 1
6 1 y2 2
x(6 3) y2 6 2
4 3s s 3t
3 x
1 2
y
2
3 x 2y2
6x 3x 6y2 2 y2
4 3s 3t s
y2 2
6 1x2
3 1s 2t2 s 4 3 1s2 3 12t2 s

2
1442443 123
10 p 5 q
19
Chapter 1
66. 4a 3b 4 2 3 5
835
8 15
23
51. B; the Commutative Property implies that

6 5 5 6.
Page 36
52. 5(2 x) 7x 5(2) 5(x) 7x

10 5x 7x
10 (5 7)x
10 12x
12x 10
53. 3(5 2p) 3(5) 3(2p)
15 6p
54. 3(a 2b) 3a 3(a) 3(2b) 3a
3a 6b 3a
3a 3a 6b
(3a 3a) 6b
(3 3)a 6b
0a 6b
6b
55. 7m 6(n m) 7m 6(n) 6(m)
7m 6n 6m
7m 6m 6n
(7m 6m) 6n
(7 6)m 6n
13m 6n
56. (d 5)f 2f (d)(f ) 5( f ) 2f
df 5f 2f
df (5 2)f
df 7f
57. t2 2t2 4t (1 2)t2 4t
3t2 4t
58. 3(10 5 2) 21 7
3(10 10) 21 7 Substitution; 5 2 10
3(0) 21 7
0 21 7
Multiplicative Property
of Zero; 3 0 0
03
3
Additive Identity;
033
59. 12(5) 6(4) 60 6(4)
60 24
36
60. 7(0.2 0.5) 0.6 7(0.7) 0.6
4.9 0.6
4.3
61. 8[62 3(2 5)] 8 3 8[62 3(7)] 8 3
8[36 3(7)] 8 3
8[36 21] 8 3
8[15] 8 3
120 8 3
15 3
18
62. 2x 7 2 4 7
63. 6x 12 6 8 12
87
48 12
15
60
64. 5n 14 5 6 14 65. 3n 8 3 7 8
30 14
21 8
16
13
Chapter 1
Page 36
Practice Quiz 2
1. j; Additive Identity Property, since a 0 a

2. c; Substitution Property of Equality, since
18 7 11
3. i; Commutative Property, since a b b a
4. f; Reflexive Property of Equality, since a a
5. g; Associative Property, since (a b) c
a (b c)
6. d; Multiplicative Identity Property, since
1aa
7. b; Multiplicative Property of 0, since a 0 0
8. a; Distributive Property, since a(b c) ab ac
9. h; Symmetric Property of Equality, since if a b,
then b a
10. e; Multiplicative Inverse Property, since
a b
1
b a
1-7
Page 39
Logical Reasoning
1. Sample answer: If it rains, then you get wet.

Hypothesis: it rains
Conclusion: you get wet
2. Sample answer: Counterexamples are used to
disprove a statement.
3. Sample answer: You can use deductive reasoning
to determine whether a hypothesis and its
conclusion are both true or whether one or both
are false.
4. Hypothesis: it is January
Conclusion: it might snow
5. Hypothesis: you play tennis
Conclusion: you run fast
6. Hypothesis: 34 3x 16
Conclusion: x 6
7. Hypothesis: Lance does not have homework
Conclusion: he watches television
If Lance does not have homework, then he
watches television.
8. Hypothesis: a number is divisible by 10
Conclusion: it is divisible by 5
If a number is divisible by 10, then it is divisible
by 5.
9. Hypothesis: a quadrilateral has four right angles
Conclusion: it is a rectangle
If a quadrilateral has four right angles, then it is
a rectangle.
10. The last digit of 10,452 is 2, so the hypothesis is
true. Conclusion: the number is divisible by 2.
Check:
10,452 2 5226
2 divides 10,452.
20
33. The hypothesis is false. If the VCR cost less than

$150, we know Ian will buy one. However, the
hypothesis does not say Ian wont buy a VCR if it
costs $150 or more. Therefore, there is no valid
conclusion.
34. The conditional statement does not mention DVD
players. There is no way to determine if the
hypothesis is true. Therefore, there is no valid
conclusion.
35. The conclusion is true. If the cost of the VCRs is
less than $150, the hypothesis is true, also.
However, if the cost of the VCRs is $150 or more,
the hypothesis is false. There is no way to
determine the cost of the VCRs. Therefore, there
is no valid conclusion.
36. People move to other states.
37. There is a professional team in Canada.
38. Girls can wear blue clothes.
39. Left-handed people can have right-handed
parents.
40. x 2, y 3; Is 2 3 even? 2 3 6 and 6 is
even, but 3 is not even.
?
41. 8 is greater than 7. 42. n 15; 4 15 8 52
2(8) 16
52 52
but 15 15
16 16
11. The conclusion is true. If the last digit of the

number is 2, the hypothesis is true also. However,
if the last digit is an even number other than 2,
the hypothesis is false. There is no way to
determine if the last digit is 2. Therefore, there is
no valid conclusion.
12. The conclusion is true. 946 is divisible by 2.
However, since the last digit is 6, the hypothesis
is false. Therefore, there is no valid conclusion.
13. Anna could have a schedule without a science class.
14. a book that has more than 384 pages
?
12 7 1
11
?
16. x 15; 3 15 7 52
52 52
but 15 15
15. x 1;
17. A;
?
x 1, 12 7 1
11
Pages 4042
Practice and Apply
18. Hypothesis: both parents have red hair

Conclusion: their children have red hair
19. Hypothesis: you are in Hawaii
Conclusion: you are in the tropics
20. Hypothesis: 2n 7
25
Conclusion: n
16
21. Hypothesis: 4(b 9) 68
Conclusion: b 8
22. Hypothesis: a b
Conclusion: b a
23. Hypothesis: a b, and b c
Conclusion: a c
24. Hypothesis: it is Monday
Conclusion: the trash is picked up
If it is Monday, then the trash is picked up.
25. Hypothesis: it is after school
Conclusion: Greg will call
If it is after school, then Greg will call.
26. Hypothesis: a triangle has all sides congruent
Conclusion: it is an equilateral triangle
If a triangle has all sides congruent, then it is an
equilateral triangle.
27. Hypothesis: a number is divisible by 9
Conclusion: the sum of its digits is a multiple of 9
If a number is divisible by 9, then the sum of its
digits is a multiple of 9.
28. Hypothesis: x 8
Conclusion: x 2 3x 40
If x 8, then x 2 3x 40.
29. Hypothesis: s
9
Conclusion: 4s 6
42
If s
9, then 4s 6
42.
30. $139 is less than $150, so the hypothesis is true.
Conclusion: Ian will buy a VCR.
31. $99 is less than $150, so the hypothesis is true.
Conclusion: Ian will buy a VCR.
32. The conclusion is false. Ian did not buy a VCR, and
he would have bought one if the cost were less than
$150. Therefore, the VCR cost $150 or more.
43. x 3, y 2;
6
3
1
2
1
11
but
6
3
1 and
1
2
1
44. Sample answer:

P
45. Sample answer:

R
46. See students work. There will probably be both

examples and counterexamples.
47. Numbers that end in 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 are in the
divisible by 2 circle. Numbers whose digits have
a sum divisible by 3 are in the divisible by 3
circle. Numbers that end in 0 or 5 are in the
divisible by 5 circle.
48. Sample answer: If a number is divisible by 2 and
3, then it must be a multiple of 6.
49. There are no counterexamples to the conclusions
obtained in Exercises 47 and 48.
50. No; Sample answer: Let a 1 and b 2; then
1 * 2 1 2(2) or 5 and 2 * 1 2 2(1) or 4.
51. You can use if-then statements to help determine
when food is finished cooking. Answers should
Hypothesis: you have small, underpopped
kernels
Conclusion: you have not used enough oil in
your pan
If the gelatin is firm and rubbery, then it is
ready to eat. If the water is boiling, lower the
temperature.
21
Chapter 1
52. 8, since 14 8 12 112 12

100
53. C; # 4
66. Multiplicative Property of Zero

n 0, since 36 0 0.
67. 5(7) 6 x
35 6 x
41 x
The solution is 41.
68. 7(42) 62 m
7(16) 36 m
112 36 m
76 m
The solution is 76.
43
2
64
2
32
Page 42
54. 2x 5y 9x 2x 9x 5y
(2x 9x) 5y
(2 9)x 5y
11x 5y
55. a 9b 6b a (9b 6b)
a (9 6)b
a 15b
3
69. p

56. 4g 5f 8g 4g 8g 5f
134 g 58 g2 25f
3
5
2
1 4 8 2 g 5f
70.
71.
11
2
g 5f
8
3
2
1 8g 5f
72.
57. 4(5mn 6) 3mn 4(5mn) 4(6) 3mn

20mn 24 3mn
20mn 3mn 24
(20mn 3mn) 24
(20 3)mn 24
23mn 24
58. 2(3a b) 3b 4 2(3a) 2(b) 3b 4
6a 2b 3b 4
6a (2b 3b) 4
6a (2 3)b 4
6a 5b 4
59. 6x2 5x 3(2x2) 7x 6x2 5x 6x2 7x
6x2 6x2 5x 7x
(6 6)x2 (5 7)x
12x2 12x
60. gallons
gallons
used
used
gallons
number
flushing showering
used
of days
toilet and bathing in sink times
123 14243
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
14243 1442443 14243
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
Chapter 1
28 2
22 8
28 4
14
7
2
The solution is 2.
The word product implies multiply, so the
expression can be written as 8x4.
Times implies multiply, and decreased by implies
subtract. So the expression can be written as
3n 10.
More than implies add, and quotient implies
divide. So the expression can be written as
12 (a 5).
40% 90 0.4(90)
36
23% 2500 0.23(2500)
575
18% 950 0.18(950)
171
38% 345 0.38(345)
131.1
42.7% 528 0.427(528)
225.456
225.5
67.4% 388 0.674(388)
261.512
261.5
1-8
(100
80
8)

d
(100 80 8)d (100)(d) (80)(d) (8)(d)
100d 80d 8d
Two expressions to represent the amount of
water used in d days can be (100 80 8)d and
100d 80d 8d.
n 64, since 1(64) 64.
Reflexive Property
n 7, since 12 7 12 7.
Substitution Property
n 5, since (9 7)5 (2)5.
1
n 4, since 4 4 1.
Additive Identity Property
n 0, since 0 18 18.
22 113 52
Page 46
Graphs and Functions

1. The numbers represent different values. The first

number represents the number on the horizontal
axis and the second represents the number on the
vertical axis.
2. Sample answer: A dependent variable is
determined by the independent variable for a
given function.
3. See students work.
4. Sample answer: Alexis speed decreases as he
rides uphill, then increases as he rides downhill.
22
Height (cm)
5. Just before jumping from a plane, the skydivers

height is constant. After she jumps, her height
decreases until she lands. When she lands the
skydivers height above the ground is zero. Graph
B shows this situation.
6. Time is the independent variable, as it is
unaffected by the height of the object above the
ground. Height is the dependent quantity, as it is
affected by time.
7. The ordered pairs can be determined from the
table. Time is the independent variable, and
the height above the ground is the dependent
variable. So, the ordered pairs are (0, 500),
(0.2, 480), (0.4, 422), (0.6, 324), (0.8, 186), and
(1, 10).
500
8.
40
35
30
Cost
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
14. The ordered pairs can be determined from the

table. The time parked is the independent
variable, and the cost is the dependent variable.
So, the ordered pairs are (0, 0), (1, 1), (2, 2),
(3, 2), (4, 4), (5, 4), (6, 4) (7, 5), (8, 5), (9, 5),
(10, 5), (11, 5), (12, 30), (13, 30), (14, 30), (15, 30),
(16, 30), (17, 30), (18, 30), (19, 30), (20, 30),
(21, 30), (22, 30), (23, 30), (24, 30), (25, 45),
(26, 45), (27, 45), (28, 45), (29, 45), (30, 45),
(31, 45), (32, 45), (33, 45), (34, 45), (35, 45), and
(36, 45).
15.
45
25
20
15
10
5
0
0.2
0.4 0.6
Time (s)
0.8
8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36
Time
16. From 7:00 A.M. Monday to 7:00 A.M. Tuesday is

24 hours. From 7:00 A.M. Tuesday to 7:00 P.M.
Tuesday is 12 hours. From 7:00 P.M. Tuesday to
9:00 P.M. Tuesday is 2 hours. Therefore, from
7:00 A.M. Monday to 9:00 P.M. Tuesday is 24 12
2 38 hours. The cost for the first 24 hours is
$30. The cost for the next 14 hours is $15. Thus,
the cost of parking from 7:00 A.M. Monday to
9:00 P.M. Tuesday is 30 15 or $45.
17. The number of sides of the polygon is the
independent variable as it is unaffected by the
sum of the interior angles, and the sum of the
interior angles is the dependent variable as it is
affected by the number of sides of the polygon.
18.
1.0
Height
9. Paul releases the ball above the ground. The

height of the ball then decreases as it approaches
the height at which the catcher catches the ball.
Time
900
Practice and Apply
Sums
Pages 4648
10. Michelle gets a fever and takes some medicine.

After a while her temperature comes down, then
slowly begins to go up again.
11. Rashaads account is increasing as he makes
deposits and earns interest. Then he pays some
bills. He then makes some deposits and earns
interest, and so on.
12. As it moves along, a radio-controlled car has a
constant speed. When it hits the wall, its speed
is zero. Graph C shows this situation.
13. A persons income starts at a certain level, then,
in general, their income increases. This is
represented by starting at a certain height, then
gradually increasing. Graph B shows this
situation.
720
540
360
180
0
4 5
Sides
19. If we look for a pattern in the numbers 180, 360,

540, 720, and 900, we see that the numbers are
all multiples of 180. In fact:
180 1 180
360 2 180
540 3 180
720 4 180
900 5 180
Thus, the next three numbers would be 6 180
1080, 7 180 1260, and 8 180 1440.
Therefore, we would predict that the sum of the
interior angles for an octagon is 1080, for a
nonagon is 1260, and for a decagon is 1440.
23
Chapter 1
20. A cars value decreases as it gets older, but if it is

taken care of, the value of the car again
increases.
24. B; The value 4 on the horizontal axis corresponds

to the highest point on the curve.
25. A;
cost for
charge for
minus
profit is
each CD
each CD
123 123 14243
123 14243

(2.50
0.35)

number
cost of
times
minus
equipment
of CDs
123 14243 14243 1442443
Value
Years

n
or p 2.15n 875
21. When the block of ice is removed from the

freezer the temperature starts to increase. The
temperature increases until it approaches the
room temperature, at which time the
temperature gradually becomes constant.
Page 48
Temperature (F )
22a. At each value of the independent variable the

dependent variable is 23 units greater. The
following table shows this relationship.
Lisas Age 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Mallorys 28 33 38 43 48 53 58 63
Age
The ordered pairs for this data are (5, 28),
(10, 33), (15, 38), (20, 43), (25, 48), (30, 53),
(35, 58), and (40, 63). Graph the ordered pairs.
Then draw a line through the points.
90
Mallorys Age
80
70
U.S. Commercial Radio Stations

by Format, 2000
60
50
40
30
Number of Stations
20
10
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Lisas Age
2400
2200
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
0
24
ck
Format
Ro
Co
s
ie
ld
O
k
al
s/T
w
y
Ne
ar
t or
ul mp
Ad te
n
Co ry
t
un
22b. We know Mallory is 23 years older than Lisa.

So, for Mallory to be twice as old as Lisa, Lisa
must be 23 years old. The point on the graph
that corresponds to this situation is (23, 46).
23. Real-world data can be recorded and visualized
in a graph and by expressing an event as a
function of another event. Answers should
A graph gives you a visual representation of
the situation, which is easier to analyze and
evaluate.
During the first 24 hours, blood flow to the
brain decreases to 50% at the moment of the
injury and gradually increases to about 60%.
Significant improvement occurs during the
first two days.
Chapter 1
26. Hypothesis: you use a computer

Conclusion: you can send e-mail
27. Hypothesis: a shopper has 9 or fewer items
Conclusion: the shopper can use the express lane
28. ab(a b) (ab)a (ab)b
Distributive Prop.
a(ab) (ab)b
Commutative ()
(a a)b a(b b) Associative ()
a2b ab2
Substitution
29. Substitution Property
n 3, since (12 9)(4) (3)(4).
n 0, since 7(0) 0.
31. Multiplicative Identity Property
n 1, since (1)(87) 87.
32. Step 1 Draw a horizontal axis and a vertical
axis. Label the axes. Add a title.
Step 2 Draw a bar to represent each category. The
vertical scale is the number of radio
stations using each format. The horizontal
scale identifies the formats used.
Time
875
Page 49
Algebra Activity
(Follow-Up of Lesson 1-8)
1-9
1. Sample answer: In 1900 there were 15,503,000

students, and in 1920 there were 21,578,000
students. Therefore, we could estimate that there
Pages 5354
were
18,540,500, or about
18,540,000 students in 1910. In 1970
there were 45,550,000 students, and in 1980
there were 41,651,000 students. Therefore,
we could estimate that there were
45,550,000 41,651,000
2
4.
5.
43,600,500 or
about 43,600,000 students in 1975.
Sample answer: 55,000,000. By looking at general
trends of the graph, we see that it is increasing,
and the amount of students will be around
55,000,000 in 2020.
Sample answer: For Exercise 1 we averaged the
enrollments for 1900 and 1920 and then for 1970
and 1980. For Exercise 2 we calculated the
increase in students per year from 1900 to 1980,
then added 40 times that amount to the 1980
enrollment.
If the U.S. population does not increase as
quickly as in the past, then the number of
students may be too high.
The year is the independent variable since it is
unaffected by the number of students per
computer, and the number of students per
computer is the dependent variable since it is
affected by the year. The ordered pairs can be
determined from the table with x representing
the number of years since 1984. The orderd pairs
are (0, 125), (1, 75), (2, 50), (3, 37), (4, 32), (5, 25),
(6, 22), (7, 20), (8, 18), (9, 16), (10, 14), (11, 10.5),
(12, 10), (13, 7.8), (14, 6.1), (15, 5.7). Graph the
ordered pairs.
Students per Computer
3.
14243
123
8940

8940 of the students were from Germany.
7. The percentage representing the number of
students from Canada is 0.15%. The percentage
representing the number of students from the
United Kingdom is 0.05%. So, find 0.15 0.05 or
0.1% of 14.9 million.
0.1% of
14,900,00 equals 14,900
123
1442443
14243
0.0006
14,900,000
14243
123
8.
9.
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1. A circle graph compares parts to the whole. A bar

graph compares different catagories of data. A
line graph shows changes in data over time.
3. Sample answer: The percentages of the data do
not total 100.
4. The bar for the number of schools participating in
basketball shows 321 and the bar for the number
of schools participating in golf shows 283. So,
there were 321 283 or 38 more schools
participating in basketball than in golf.
5. The bar showing the least amount is for tennis.
Therefore, of the sports listed, tennis is offered at
the fewest schools.
6. The percentage representing the number of
students from Germany is 0.06%. So, find 0.06%
of 14.9 million.
0.06%
14,900,00 equals 8940.
of 1442443
14243
123
15,503,000 21,578,000
2
2.
Statistics: Analyzing Data by

Using Tables and Graphs
10.
11.
0.001 14,900,000
14,900

14,900 more students were from Canada than
from the United Kingdom.
No; the data do not represent a whole set.
A bar graph would be more appropriate, since a
bar graph is used to compare similar data in the
same category.
Sample answer: The vertical axis scale shows
only partial intervals.
The vertical axis needs to begin at 0.
Pages 5455
Practice and Apply
film
stock plus processing plus prep for telecine plus
12. 1
442443 123 1442443 123 144424443 123
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Years Since 1984
3110.40
621.00
60.00
telecine plus tape stock equals total cost.
14243 123 1442443 14

424
43 1442443
A prediction is 1 student per computer because it

does not seem likely that schools would have
more computers than students.
1000.00
73.20
4864.60
The total cost is $4864.60.

13. original
backup
total cost of
tape stock plus tape stock equals digital video .
1442443 123 1442443 14
424
43 144424443
10.00
10.00
20.00

The total cost of using digital video is $20.00, and

from Exercise 12 the total cost of using
35-millimeter film is $4864.60.
4864.60 20.00 243.23
The cost of 35-millimeter film is about 250 times
as great.
25
Chapter 1
Page 55
14. The section of the graph representing books

purchased in the spring is 19%, so find 19% of
25 million.
19%
25,000,000 equals 4,750,000
1
23 of
{ 14243 123 14243
0.19 25,000,000
4,750,000
Heart rate
About 5 million books were purchased in the spring.

15. The section of the graph representing books
purchased in the summer is 15%, so find 15% of
15,000.
15%
15,000 equals 2250.
1
23 of
{ 14243 123 1
23
0.15 15,000

2250
Distance (mi)
23. 4x 5 42
4x 47
She should expect to sell about 2250 books.

16. The vertical axis is extended and does not begin
at 0. It gives the impression that the number of
cable television systems is decreasing rapidly.
17. Yes, the graph is misleading because the sum of
the percentages is not 100. To fix the graph, each
section must be drawn accurately and another
section that represents other toppings should be
added.
18a. To show little increase, bunch the values on the
vertical scale closer together.
x 11 4
Thus, x 12 is a sample counterexample.
24. Sample answer:
3
x 2;
but
Percentage of
U.S. Households
3 ?
7 1
2
3
7 1
2
1
3
3
2
2
25. a rectangle with length 6 inches and width

2 inches
6 6 2 2 16
16 16
However, each side is not 4 inches long.
26. 7a 5b 3b 3a 7a 3a 5b 3b
(7a 3a) (5b 3b)
(7 3)a (5 3)b
10a 8b
27. 4x2 9x 2x2 x 4x2 2x2 9x x
(4x2 2x2) (9x x)
(4 2)x2 (9 1)x
6x2 10x
Color Television Ownership,

19802000
100
90
80
70
60
80 85 90 95 00
Year
18b. To show rapid increase spread the values on the

vertical scale further apart.
Color Television Ownership,
19802000
Percentage of
U.S. Households
22. Pedros heart rate increases as he exercises, and

continues to increase until he is done sprinting.
His heart rate decreases during his last walk
until it returns to a normal rate.
100
112 n 13 n2 123 m 12 m2
1
1
2
1
12 3 2n 13 2 2m
95
90
85
6n 6m
80
6n 1 6m
80 85 90 95 00
Year
18c. See students graphs and explanations.

19. Tables and graphs provide an organized and
quick way to examine data. Answers should
Examine the existing pattern and use it to
continue a graph to the future.
Make sure the scale begins at zero and is
consistent. Circle graphs should have all
percents total 100%. The right kind of graph
should be used for the given data.
20. C; From the second to the third day the
temperature increase was about 8F.
21. C; A line graph shows changes in data over time.
Page 56
Spreadsheet Investigation
1. Enter the data in a spreadsheet. Use Column A

for the years and Column B for the sales. Select
the data to be included in the graph. Then use
the graph tool to create a line graph.
Snowmobile Sales
Sales (millions)
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1990
Chapter 1
28. 2n 3m 2m 3n 2n 3n 3m 2m
26
1992
1994
Year
1996
1998
21. 3 2 4 3 8
11
2. Enter the data in a spreadsheet as in Exercise 1.

Select the data to be included in your graph.
Then use the graph tool to create a bar graph.
22.
Snowmobile Sales
110 62
8
2
Sales (millions)
1200
1000
23. 18 42 7 18 16 7
27
9
24. 8(2 5) 6 8(7) 6
56 6
50
25. 4(11 7) 9 8 4(18) 9 8
72 9 8
72 72
0
26. 288 [3(9 3)] 288 [3(12)]
288 36
8
27. 16 2 5 3 6 8 5 3 6
40 3 6
120 6
20
28. 6(43 22) 6(64 22)
6(64 4)
6(68)
408
800
600
400
200
0
1990
1992
1994
Year
1996
1998
3. Yes; you can change the scales to begin at values

other than zero, or change the intervals on the
scale to be misleading.
Chapter 1 Study Guide and Review

Page 57
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
8
Vocabulary and Concept Check
a; Additive Identity Property

e; Multiplicative Identity Property
g; Multiplicative Property of Zero
f; Multiplicative Inverse Property
h; Reflexive Property
j; Symmetric Property
i; Substitution Property
k; Transitive Property
b; Distributive Property
d; Associative Property
29. 13 12 3
14 62
15 22
33

Pages 5762
Lesson-by-Lesson Review
11. a number x to the fifth power
30. t2 3y

14444444244444443
x5
The algebraic expression is x5.

12. five times a number x squared
123 1444
4424
44443
123
ty
x
14 62
15 22
10
15 22
10
33 10
10
27 10
33
27 1
26
42 3 2
31. xty3 3 4 23
16 3 2
3 4 8
16 6
12 8
22
96
4 2
3
8
3
2
23

x2
5
The algebraic expression is 5x2.
twenty-one
13. a number x sum of 1442443
32.
21
x

The algebraic expression is x 21.
14. twice a number x difference of eight
33. x t2 y2 3 42 22
3 16 22
3 16 4
19 4
23
34. 3ty x2 3 4 2 32
3 4 29
12 2 9
24 9
15
35. 8(x y)2 2t 8(3 2)2 2 4
8(1)2 2 4
8 12 4
82 4
88
16

1442443 14243
14444244443 144
424
443 14243
2x
8

The algebraic expression is 2x 8.
15. 33 3 3 3
16. 25 2 2 2 2 2
27
32
17. 54 5 5 5 5
625
18. the product of two and a number p squared
19. the product of three and a number m to the fifth
power
20. the sum of one half and two
27
Chapter 1
36. x 22 13
9
The solution is 9.
38. m
14 28
4 3
42
7
6
The solution is 6.
42. b

4 2 4 5 15 S 13 15
714 32
5 2 5 5 15 S 15 15
18
9
6
84
6
6 2 6 5 15 S 17 15
4
5
6
7
8
x27
?
4 2 7 7S6 7
?
5 2 7 7S7 7
?
6 2 7 7S8 7 7
?
7 2 7 7S9 7 7
?
8 2 7 7 S 10 7 7
7 2 7 5 15 S 19 15
96 6
8 2
16
4
10 x 7
?
10 4 6 7 S 6 6 7
?
10 5 6 7 S 5 6 7
10 6 6 7 S 4 6 7
10 7 6 7 S 3 6 7
10 8 6 7 S 2 6 7
?
?
?
true
8 2 8 5 15 S 21 15
true
The solution set for 2x 5 15 is {5, 6, 7, 8}.

48. 2[3 (19 42)]
2[3 (19 16)] Substitution; 42 16
2[3 3]
2 1
Substitution; 3 3 1
2
2 12
6172 2132
2
4 6122
42 6
16 12
36
4
49.
1
2
2 2[2 3 1]
1
2 2 2[6 1] Substitution; 2 3 6
1
22 25
125
Substitution; 6 1 5
21
1
2
1 10
true
11Substitution; 1 + 10 11
50. 42 22 (4 2)
42 22 2 Substitution; 4 2 2
16 22 2 Substitution; 42 16
16 4 2 Substitution; 22 4
12 2
10
51. 1.2 0.05 23
1.2 0.05 8 Substitution; 23 8
1.15 8
Substitution; 1.2 0.05
1.15
9.15
Substitution; 1.15 8 9.15
52. (7 2)(5) 52
5(5) 52 Substitution; 7 2 5
5(5) 25 Substitution; 52 25
25 25 Substitution; 5 5 25
0
Substitution ()
true
53. 3(4 4) 2 4 (8)
True or False?
false
false
true
true
true
The solution set for x 2

7 is {6, 7, 8}.
46. Replace x in 10 x 7 with each value in the
replacement set.
x
true
14
9
The solution is 14.
The solution is 9.
44. y 5[2(4) 13]
5[8 1]
5[7]
35
The solution is 35.
45. Replace x in x 2
replacement set.
x
true
4
The solution is 4.
43. x
18 3
71122
false
2
The solution is 2.
41. n
True or False?
39. x 12 3
2x 5 15
21 3
64 4
17
68
17
4
The solution is 4.
40. a

replacement set.
37. y 4 32
49
13
The solution is 13.
True or False?
true
3(1) 2 4 (8) Substitution; 4 4 1
true
31
3
true
The solution set for 10 x 7 is {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}.
1
182
4
1
(8)
4
32
Substitution; 12 1
313
Substitution;
1
4
82
1
Substitution; 3 2 1
54. 2(4 7) 2(4) 2(7) 55. 8(15 6) 8(15) 8(6)
8 14
120 48
22
72
Chapter 1
28
56. 4(x 1) 4(x) 4(1)

4x 4
57. 3
1
3
p 3
72. five times the

decreased by 2x
sum of x and y 1
44424443 123
144424443
1 2 31 p2

2x
5(x y)
5(x y) 2x 5(x) 5(y) 2x Distributive
Property
5x 2x 5y
Commutative
()
3x 5y
Substitution
73. twice the product
the product
increased by of p and q
of p and q
144424443
1
3
1 3p
58. 6(a b) 6(a) 6(b)
6a 6b
59. 8(3x 7y) 8(3x) 8(7y)
24x 56y
60. 4a 9a (4 9)a
13a
61. There are no like terms.
4np 7mp is simplified.
62. 3w w 4v 3v (3w w) (4v 3v)
(3 1)w (4 3)v
2w 1v
2w v
63. 3m 5m 12n 4n (3m 5m) (12n 4n)
(3 5)m (12 4)n
8m 8n
64. 2p(1 16r) 2p(1) 2p(16r)
2p 32pr
65. 9y 3y 5x (9y 3y) 5x
(9 3)y 5x
12y 5x
66. 3x 4y 2x 3x 2x 4y
(3x 2x) 4y
(3 2)x 4y
5x 4y
2
67. 7w w 2w2 7w2 2w2 w
(7w2 2w2) w
(7 2)w2 w
9w2 w
1
14444244443
1442443

5( p q)
pq
2pq pq (2 1)pq Distributive Property
3pq
Substitution
74.
the sum of eight
six times a plus times b and twice a
1442443 123 1444442444443
6a

(8b 2a)
6a 8b 2a
6a 2a 8b Commutative ()
(6a 2a) 8b Associative ()
(6 2)a 8b Distributive Property
8a 8b
Substitution
75. three times
the sum of x squared
the
square
of
x
and seven times x
plus
144424443 123 1444442444443
3 x2
(x2 7 x)

3x2 x2 7x
(3x2 x2) 7x Associative ()
(3 1)x2 7x Distributive Property
4x2 7x
Substitution
76. Hypothesis: it is 7:30 A.M.
Conclusion: school begins
If it is 7:30 A.M., then school begins.
77. Hypothesis: a figure is a triangle
Conclusion: it has three sides
If a figure is a triangle, then it has three sides.
1 1 1 2
1
1
13 2 2 2m n
68. 3 2m 2m n 3 2m 2m n
78. x 13, y 12;
13 7 12
13 7 12
but 21132 31122
4m n
69. 6a 5b 2c 8b 6a 5b 8b 2c
6a (5b 8b) 2c
6a (5 8)b 2c
6a 13b 2c
70. 3(2 3x) 21x 3(2) 3(3x) 21x
6 9x 21x
6 (9x 21x)
6 (9 21)x
6 30x
30x 6
71. 6(2n 4) 5n 6(2n) 6(4) 5n
12n 24 5n
12n 5n 24
(12n 5n) 24
(12 5)n 24
17n 24
79. a 15, b 1, c 12;
15 7 1 and 15 7 12
15 7 1 and 15 7 12
but 1 12
80. When taking off, the airplane has zero altitude.
Then the plane gains altitude. The planes
altitude remains constant as it flies around. Then
the altitude decreases until the plane lands.
Graph C shows this situation.
29
Chapter 1
7 difference of a number x squared

5. {
44443
144424443 14444424
7
x2

The algebraic expression is 7 x2.
6. 5(9 3) 3 4 5(12) 3 4
60 3 4
60 12
48
7. 12 6 3 2 8 72 3 2 8
24 2 8
48 8
6
8. a2b c 22 5 3
4 53
20 3
23
9. (cd)3 (3 1)3
10. (a d )c (2 1)3
33
(3)3
27
9
11. y (4.5 0.8) 3.2 12. 42 3(4 2) x
y 5.3 3.2
42 3(2) x
y 2.1
16 3(2) x
16 6 x
10 x
The solution is 10.
Helium (cm3 )
81. The amount of helium in a balloon increases from

zero at a steady rate until it bursts. When the
balloon bursts, the amount of helium in the
balloon is again zero.
Time
82. Construct a table with 2 rows. The first row is

labeled Earth Years and the second row is labeled
Mars Years. Since one year on Earth is about 0.54
years on Mars, pick some value for Earth Years and
multiply by 0.54 to get values for Mars Years.
Earth Years
10
15
20
25
Mars Years
2.7
5.4
8.1
10.8
13.5
83.
50
Mars Years
40
30
20
13.
10
10
20 30 40
Earth Years
50
84. The section of the graph representing students

who chose the amusement park is 45% of the
circle, so find 45% of 120.
45%
120
equal 54.
{ 1
23 123
{
1
23 of
n
n
n
7
3
or 2 3.
14. 32 2 (2 2)
9 2 (2 2) Substitution; 32 9
920
Substitution; 2 2 0
70
Substitution; 9 2 7
7
15. (2 2 3) 22 32
(4 3) 22 32 Substitution; 2 2 4
1 22 32
Substitution; 4 3 1
1 4 32
Substitution; 22 4
149
Substitution; 32 9
59
Substitution; 1 4 5
14
16. 2m 3m (2m 3m)
(2 3)m
5m
17. 4x 2y 2x y 4x 2x 2y y
(4x 2x) (2y y)
(4 2)x (2 1)y
2x 3y
18. 3(2a b) 5a 4b 3(2a) 3(b) 5a 4b
6a 3b 5a 4b
6a 5a 3b 4b
(6a 5a) (3b 4b)
(6 5)a (3 4)b
1a 7b
a 7b
Chapter 1 Practice Test

Page 63
d; Reflexive Property of Equality
a; Substitution Property of Equality
c; Transitive Property of Equality
a number x sum of 13
1442443 14243 123
13
x

The algebraic expression is x 13.
Chapter 1
n
The solution is
0.45 120
54
54 students chose the amusement park.
who chose the amusement park is 45% of the
circle. The section of the graph representing
students who chose the water park is 25%. So,
find 45 25 or 20% of 180.
20%
180 equal 36.
1
23 of
{ 1
23 123 {
0.2% 180
36
There were 36 more students who chose the
amusement park than the water park.
1.
2.
3.
4.
23 13
2 1
8 1
3
7
3
1
23
30
2. C; 2 r 2 3.14 4
6.28 4
25.12
3. B; There are about 50 weeks in a year.
80 50 4000
19. Running for 15 minutes does not mean you can

run for a few hours.
20. 2x 3 9
2x 12
x6
Thus, x 6 is a counterexample.
21. When a basketball is shot, its height starts above
the ground. Then it increases until the basketball
reaches its maximum height. The height of the
ball decreases until it gets to the basket, at which
time it falls back to the ground.
4
1250
48
2
5. D; charge
number
cost of replaced
plus
per hour times
of
hours
parts
14243 123 14243 123 144424443
4. A;
Height

($36
h)
$85
or (36 h) 85
6. D; 3(2x 3) 2(x 1) 3(2x) 3(3) 2(x) 2(1)
6x 9 2x 2
6x 2x 9 2
(6x 2x) (9 2)
(6 2)x 11
8x 11
7. B; 3 is a positive integer, but 9 is not divisible by 2.
8. B; The section of the graph representing foreignborn people from Asia is 25.2% of the circle.
The section of the graph representing foreignborn people from Central America is 34.5% of
the circle. 25.2 34.5
Time
Height
22. The nickels height is at a maximum when it is

dropped. Its height decreases until it hits the
stack of pennies. The height of the nickel
increases as it bounces off the pennies.
9. Five eighths of the students are girls, so 1 8 or

3
3
of the students are boys. Find 8 of 32.
8
3
of 32
8 { {
{
3
32
8
Time

who chose chocolate is 62% of the circle. The
section of the graph representing students who
chose vanilla is 32% of the circle. So, find 62 32
or 30% of 200.
30%
200 equal 60.
1
23 of
{ 12
3 123 {
0.3 200
60
There were 60 more students who chose chocolate
than vanilla.
who chose chocolate is 62% of the circle. The
section of the graph representing students who
chose vanilla is 32% of the circle. So, 62 32 or
94% of the students chose either chocolate or
vanilla.
25. D; 2 is a prime number, but is not odd.
There are 12 boys in the class.

10.
cost of
the books
plus
tax
[ (8.99 13.99)
0.06(8.99 13.99) ]
$25 minus
123 14243 144424443 123 14444244443
25
25
[(8.99 13.99) 0.06 (8.99 13.99)]
25 [(8.99 13.99) 0.06 (8.99 13.99)]
25 [22.98 0.06(22.98)]
25 [22.98 1.38]
25 24.36
0.64
She should receive $0.64 in change.
11. The bars with the least difference in height are
representing 1999. Therefore, 1999 was the year
with the least difference in home runs.
12.
15% of 80 equals 1
12. B;123
23
123
123
1
424
3
12

80
12.5
of 50 equals
123 123 123 1
424
3 123
12.5
0.25 50

12 12.5
0.15
25%
Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice

Pages 6465
equal 12.
123 {
12
1. B; 1 4 800 200 4 800 200

200 200
40,000
31
Chapter 1
13. A;
10
2
3
15. C;
10 3
1
1a
4
10 2
10 3

1 2
10 3
12
53
11
15
1
15
15 7 15
14. B; Replace x in 2x 1 2x 1 with each value
in {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.
2x 1 2x 1
2 1 1 6 2 1 1S1 6 3
?
?
2 2 1 6 2 2 1S3 6 5
?
2 3 1 6 2 3 1S5 6 7
?
2 4 1 6 2 4 1S7 6 9
2 5 1 6 2 5 1 S 9 6 11
ac bc
4
True or
False?
true
true
true
Hours
true
17c. This graph shows that only the old pump was
pumping at first, and then after some hours the
new pump started pumping also.
true
Notice that the expression 2x 1 is always 2

units greater than the expression 2x 1.
Chapter 1
Gallons
4 1ac bc2
16. C; (26 39) (39 13) (26 39) (13 39)

(26 13) 39
39 39
392
17a. Sample answer: The new pump pumps many
more gallons per hour than the old pump. The
new pump pumps about twice as many gallons
per hour as the old pump.
17b. The gallons pumped per hour by both pumps at
the same time is the sum of the number of gallons
pumped per hour by each pump individually.
b2c 4 3a 1c2 b 1c2 4
32
Chapter 2 Real Numbers

Page 67
1.
5.
Getting Started
2.2
0.16
2.36
1
4
2. 0 12 1
1 3 .4
4.5
8.9
3.
6.
3 12 12
19. mean
4.
33
6.4
8.8
512
51 2
56.3 2
1
2
11
1
1
10 4 10
8.
8
There are six numbers in the set. When ordered
from least to greatest, the third number is 7 and
7 7
the fourth is 7. So, the median is 2 or 7.
7 appears two times, and the other numbers of
the set appear only once. So, the mode is 7.
6
5
4
366
12
7.
18
4.25
76
.
50

4 25
34 00
34 00
0
4
9
3 91
3
8
4
3
or
14. b 3
36
4
0.3(8)
2.4
17. mean

15. xy 7 0.3
2.1
2 4 7 9 12 15
6
49
6
1
86

145 22 45 45
16
25
2-1
Rational Numbers on the

Number Line
Page 70
6.
5432 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
7.
4 3 2 1
8.

7 9
the fourth is 9. So, the median is 2 or 8. Every
number in the set appears only once. So, there is
no mode.
18. mean
23.
123 22 23 23
1. Let a be any integer. Since a can always be

a
written in the form 1 , a is also a rational number.
The statement is always true.
2. Sample answer: Absolute value is how far from
zero a number is.
3. Sample answer: describing distances in a given
direction such as north versus south, or left
versus right
4. The dots indicate each point on the graph. The
coordinates are {2, 1, 2, 5}.
5. The bold arrow on the left means that the graph
continues indefinitely in that direction. The
11
9
7
5
3
coordinates are . . ., 2 , 2, 2, 2, 2 .
16. y(a b) 0.3 2 4
22.
12
3
1
34
21. 0.92 0.9 0.9

0.81
9
9
1
4
20. 112 11 11
121
1
13
9. 3a 2 3 2 2
10. 2x 5 2 7 5
62
14 5
4
19
11. 8( y 2.4) 8(0.3 2.4)
8(2.7)
21.6
1
1
1
12. 4(b 2) 4 4 2
13. a 2
2
2
1 2
1
8
414 4 2
9
414 2
7 19 2 7 4 9
6
48
6
1
1
2
0 1 2
4 5
5
3
9.
9 8 76 5 4 3 2 1 0 1
10. 2 is two units from zero in the negative

direction.
02 0 2
11. 18 is eighteen units from zero in the positive
direction.
018 0 18
12. 2.5 is two and one half units from zero in the
positive direction.
02.5 0 2.5
23 23 23 12 12 14
6
107
6
5
176

14 23
1
the fourth is 23. So, the median is
or 182.
2
The number 23 appears three times, and the
other numbers of the set appear only once. So, the
mode is 23.
13. 6 is five-sixths unit from zero in the negative

direction.
0 56 0 56
33
Chapter 2
14. 57 0x 34 0 57 018 34 0
57 052 0
57 52
5
15. 19 021 y 0 19 021 4 0
19 017 0
19 17
36
16. 0z 0 0.26 00.76 0 0.26
0.76 0.26
0.50
17.
Rational Numbers
Integers
1
2
Whole
Numbers
0
40 4 2
53
3
13
Pages 7172
34. 38 is thirty-eight units from zero in the negative

direction.
038 0 38
35. 10 is ten units from zero in the positive direction.
010 0 10
36. 97 is ninety-seven units from zero in the positive
direction.
097 0 97
37. 61 is sixty-one units from zero in the negative
direction.
061 0 61
38. 3.9 is three and nine tenths units from zero in the
positive direction.
03.9 0 3.9
39. 6.8 is six and eight tenths units from zero in the
negative direction.
06.8 0 6.8
1.25
2 1 5

3 5 2
0.33 2.98
49.98
23
40. 56 is twenty-three fifty-sixths unit from zero in

the negative direction.
Practice and Apply
41.

coordinates are {4, 2, 0, 2, 4}.
20. The bold arrow on the right means that the graph
coordinates are {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, . . .}.
coordinates are {. . ., 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8}.
5
2
coordinates are 2, 3, 1, 3, 1 .
5
5
42.
43.
44.
45.

1 4 7 8
coordinates are 5, 5, 5, 5, 2 .
24.
5 4 3 2 1
46.
25.
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
26.
7
6
5
4
3
2
47.
27.
2 1
28.
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
48.
29.
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
30.
1 2 1
3
1
3
2
3
1 11 12 2
3
49.
31.
4 3 2 1
32.
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1
50.
33.
6 4 2
Chapter 2
35
80
is thirty-five eightieths unit from zero in the

positive direction.
0 3580 0 3580
108 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10
0 2356 0 2356
10
34
Therefore, the percents of change from least to

greatest are 10.6, 2.9, 1.4, 0.2, 1.7, 4.3, 4.7,
5.3, 8.5, and 10.0.
Philadelphia, PA; Sample answer: It had the
greatest absolute value.
Wayne, MI; Sample answer: It had the least
absolute value.
48 0x 5 0 48 012 5 0
48 07 0
48 7
55
25 017 x 0 25 017 12 0
25 029 0
25 29
54
017 a 0 23 017 6 0 23
011 0 23
11 23
34
043 4a 0 51 043 4 6 0 51
043 24 0 51
019 0 51
19 51
70
0z 0 13 4 05 0 13 4
5 13 4
18 4
14
28 13 0z 0 28 13 05 0
28 13 5
15 5
20
51. 6.5 08.4 y 0 6.5 08.4 3.2 0

6.5 05.2 0
6.5 5.2
1.3
52. 7.4 0y 2.6 0 7.4 03.2 2.6 0
7.4 00.6 0
7.4 0.6
8
53.
1
6
60. Sample answer: You can plot the data on a

number line to visualize their relationship.
Determine the least and greatest values of the
data, and use those as the endpoints of the line.
Find the absolute value of each number.
61. D; 08 0 2 8 2
6
62. C; Zero is a whole number, but zero is not a
natural number.
0 23 127 0
1
1
6 0 12 0
1
b 12 6
1
6 12
Page 72
4
2 0 5 0 123 12 2 0 56 0
2
1
5
13 2 2 6
54. b 2 6
66
1
3
0 54 1 0 25
1
2
040 5
55. 0 c 1 0 5
45
13
20
2 0 5 0 1 12
5
1
4 12 2 2
56. 0c 0 2 2 4 2 2
1
15
4
or 3 4
42
57. 0x 0 1 0x 0
Therefore, 0x 0 0x 0 can be thought of as what
number when multiplied by 1 is equal to itself?
The number 0 is the only number that satisfies
that characteristic. i.e. 1 0 0. So, 0x 0 0.
What number is zero units from zero? x 0, or
the solution is 0.
58.
10
10
63. The graph shows that Mr. Michaelss sales were

less than 10 cars for each month except
December. In December Mr. Michaels sold
12 cars. Therefore, his greatest sales happened
in December.
64. The graph shows that Mr. Michaelss change in
sales between any two consecutive months was
always less than 7 cars except between November
and December when it was 8 cars. Therefore, the
greatest change in sales occurred between
November and December.
65. The graph shows that Mr. Michaels sold 3 cars in
February, July, and October.
66. The volume starts high, decreases when she turns
it down, remains constant while she is on the
phone, then increases to its starting volume when
she gets off the phone.
20
Volume
Time
67. 8x 2y x 8x x 2y
(8x x) 2y
(8 1)x 2y
9x 2y
68. 7(5a 3b) 4a 7(5a) 7(3b) 4a
35a 21b 4a
35a 4a 21b
(35a 4a) 21b
(35 4)a 21b
31a 21b
69. 4[1 4(5x 2y)] 4[1 4(5x) 4(2y)]
4[1 20x 8y]
4[1] 4[20x] 4[8y]
4 80x 32y
30
59. 11 is eleven units from zero in the negative

direction. For Bismarck, 011 0 11.
5 is five units from zero in the negative
direction. For Caribou, 05 0 5.
4 is four units from zero in the negative
direction. For Chicago, 04 0 4.
9 is nine units from zero in the negative
direction. For Fairbanks, 09 0 9.
13 is thirteen units from zero in the negative
direction. For International Falls, 013 0 13.
7 is seven units from zero in the positive
direction. For Kansas City, 07 0 7.
34 is thirty-four units from zero in the positive
direction. For Sacramento, 034 0 34.
33 is thirty-three units from zero in the positive
direction. For Shreveport, 033 0 33.
70.
3
8
88
71.
7
12
2
72.
7
10
12 12
3
5 10 10
9
10
73.
3
8
16
3 24 24
25
24
1
1 24
35
Chapter 2
74.
5
6
266
75.
3
4
6
9
15
18
15
2 30 30
77.
14
18 18 18
7
30
7
9
18
1
10
Page 76
2 1

3
13
16. 134 (80) 134 (80)

134 80
214
The difference is 214.
Pages 7678
1 72
8
7
1 0 14 0 0 14 0 2
8
7
1 14 14 2
8
14
8
25
32
9. 12 15 60 60
1 0 3260 0 0 2560 0 2
32
25
1 60 60 2
60
10. 18 23 18 (23)
( 023 0 018 0 )
(23 18)
5
11. 12.7 (18.4) 12.7 (18.4)
12.7 18.4
31.1
12. (3.86) 1.75 (3.86) (1.75)
( 03.86 0 01.75 0 )
(3.86 1.75)
5.61
13. 32.25 (42.5) 32.25 (42.5)
32.25 42.5
( 042.5 0 032.25 0 )
(42.5 32.25)
10.25
Chapter 2
Practice and Apply
17. 8 13 ( 013 0 08 0 )

(13 8)
5
18. 11 19 ( 019 0 011 0 )
(19 11)
8
19. 41 (63) ( 063 0 041 0 )
(63 41)
22
20. 80 (102) ( 0102 0 080 0 )
(102 80)
22
21. 77 (46) ( 077 0 046 0 )
(77 46)
123
22. 92 (64) ( 092 0 064 0 )
(92 64)
156
23. 1.6 (3.8) ( 01.6 0 03.8 0 )
(1.6 3.8)
5.4
24. 32.4 (4.5) ( 032.4 0 04.5 0 )
(32.4 4.5)
36.9
25. 38.9 24.2 ( 038.9 0 024.2 0 )
(38.9 24.2)
14.7
26. 7.007 4.8 ( 07.007 0 04.8 0 )
(7.007 4.8)
2.207
27. 43.2 (57.9) ( 057.9 0 043.2 0 )
(57.9 43.2)
14.7
2 14 14
2 1 42 2 1 55 2
42
55
1 60 2 1 60 2
42
55
1 60 2 60
55
42
1 0 60 0 0 60 0 2
55
42
1 60 60 2
60
4. 15 (12) ( 015 0 012 0 )

(15 12)
27
5. 24 (45) ( 024 0 045 0 )
(24 45)
69
6. 38.7 (52.6) ( 052.6 0 038.7 0 )
(52.6 38.7)
13.9
7. 4.62 (12.81) ( 04.62 0 012.81 0 )
(4.62 12.81)
17.43
1 12
11
15. 10 12 60 60
1. Sample answer: 5 5
2. Sample answer: To subtract a real number, add
its opposite.
6
6
3. Gabriella; subtracting 9 is the same as adding 9.
4
7
47
90
Adding and Subtracting

Rational Numbers
2-2
8.
1 27 2
20
27
1 0 90 0 0 90 0 2
20
27
1 90 90 2
90 90
3 or 1 3
76.
27
20
12
20
14. 9 10 90 90
3 12 12
36
28. 38.7 (61.1) ( 061.1 0 038.7 0 )

(61.1 38.7)
22.4
29.
6
7
18
37. To find the total score, find the sum of her scores.
100 200 500 (300) 400 (500)
300 500 (300) 400 (500)
800 (300) 400 (500)
( 0800 0 0300 0 ) 400 (500)
(800 300) 400 (500)
500 400 (500)
900 (500)
( 0900 0 0500 0)
(900 500)
400
Her total score was 400 points.
38. First find the net yards gained by finding the sum
of 6, 8, and 3.
6 (8) 3 ( 08 0 06 0 ) 3
(8 6) 3
2 3
( 03 0 02 0)
(3 2)
1
Over the three plays, they gained 1 yard from
their 20-yard line. Therefore, they were on the
21-yard line.
39. 19 8 19 (8)
( 019 0 08 0 )
(19 8)
27
40. 16 (23) 16 (23)
16 23
39
41. 9 (24) 9 (24)
9 24
33
42. 12 34 12 (34)
( 034 0 012 0 )
(34 12)
22
43. 22 41 22 (41)
( 041 0 022 0)
(41 22)
19
44. 9 (33) 9 (33)
9 33
( 033 0 09 0 )
(33 9)
24
45. 58 (42) 58 (42)
58 42
( 058 0 042 0)
(58 42)
16
46. 79.3 (14.1) 79.3 (14.1)
79.3 14.1
93.4
47. 1.34 (0.458) 1.34 (0.458)
1.34 0.458
1.798
48. 9.16 10.17 9.16 (10.17)
( 09.16 0 010.17 0 )
(9.16 10.17)
19.33
14
3 21 21
32
11
21 or 1 21
30.
3
18
51
108
17 306 306
159
306
53
102
4
20
33
31. 11 5 55 55
1 0 3355 0 0 2055 0 2
33
20
1 55 55 2
13
55
2
17
17
32. 5 20 20 20
1 0 1720 0 0 208 0 2
17
8
1 20 20 2
20
9
1 135 2
64
135
1 0 240 0 0 240 0 2
64
135
1 240 240 2
64
33. 15 16 240 240
16
13
199
240
1 26 2
16
26
1 0 40 0 0 40 0 2
16
26
1 40 40 2
16
34. 40 20 40 40
42
40
1
21
20 or 1 20
2
33
12
1 0 8 0 0 8 0 2
33
12
1 8 8 2
35. 4 8 1 2
33
8
12
8
21
8
5
28
17
67
3 25 50
17
36. 1 50
184
50
1 0 0 0 6750 0 2
184
67
1 50 50 2
184
50
117
50
17
2 50
37
Chapter 2
58. 2 (6) (4) (4)

( 02 0 06 0 ) (4) (4)
(2 6) (4) (4)
8 (4) (4)
( 08 0 04 0 ) (4)
(8 4) (4)
12 (4)
( 012 0 04 0 )
(12 4)
16
59. Under; yes; it is better than par 72.
60. Subtract to find the change in value.
week 8
week 1
value 123
minus 123
value
123
49. 67.1 (38.2) 67.1 (38.2)

67.1 38.2
105.3
50. 72.5 (81.3) 72.5 (81.3)
72.5 81.3
153.8
1
51. 6 3 6 6
1 42
1
4
1 0 6 0 0 6 0 2
1
4
16 6 2
1
6 6
6
52.
1
2
5 10 10
5
10
8
10
11,257.24
9791.09 1466.15.
The value changed by 1466.15.
1 0 0 0 105 0 2
8
5
1 10 10 2
8
10
61. From week 1 to week 2 the change was:

10,126.94 9791.09 335.85.
From week 2 to week 3 the change was:
10,579.85 10,126.94 452.91.
10,810.05 10,579.85 230.20.
10,951.24 10,810.05 141.19.
10,821.31 10,951.24
10,821.31 (10,951.24)
( 010,951.24 0 010,821.31 0 )
(10,951.24 10,821.31)
129.93.
11,301.74 10,821.31 480.43.
11,257.24 11,301.74.
11,257.24 (11,301.74)
( 011,301.74 0 011,257.24 0 )
(11,301.74 11,257.24)
44.50.
Therefore, week 7 had the greatest change from
the previous week.
62. Week 8 had the least change from the previous week.
63. Sometimes; the equation is false for positive values
of x, but true for all other values of x.
64. Sample answer: If a team gains yards, move right on
the number line. If a team loses yards, move left on the
number line. Answers should include the following.
Move right or left, depending on whether the
Giants gained or lost yards on each play.
Where you end will tell you how many yards
the Giants lost or gained.
Instead of using a number line, you can use the
rules for adding and subtracting rational
numbers.
65. C; 57 87 57 (87)
( 057 0 087 0 )
(57 87)
144
10
7
1 32
14
3
16 1 16 2
14
53. 8 16 16 16
14
16 16
1 0 14 0 0 163 0 2
14
3
1 16 16 2
16
1 32
11
16
1 92
1
9
12 1 12 2
1
54. 12 4 12 12
12 12
1 0 129 0 0 121 0 2
9
1
1 12 12 2
12
2
3
1
55. 2 4 6 3 4
27
19
3
76
12 12
1 0 0 0 2712 0 2
76
27
1 12 12 2
76
12
49
12 or 4 12
31
53
81
56. 5 10 1 50 10 50

265
81
50
50
92
17
or 325
25
57. A score of 70, or 2 under par, is written as 2.

A score of 66, or 6 under par, is written as 6.
A score of 68, or 4 under par, is written as 4.
During the four rounds, he shot 2, 6, 4, and 4.
Chapter 2
38

replacement set A.
66. B; 5 (8) 5 (8)

58
85
3a 5 7
32 5 7 7S1
7
Page 78
33 5 7 7S4
7
34 5 7 7S7
7
3 5 5 7 7 S 10 7 7
3 6 5 7 7 S 13 7 7
c 12 214
True or False?
1 ?
1 ?
1 ?
true
1 ?
true
1 ?
true
1
4
1
4
2 6 24 S 4 6 24
1
2
1
2
2 6 24 S 1 6 24
3
4
3
4
2 6 24 S 14 6 24
true
true
1 2 6 24 S 12 6 24
114
14 2 6 24 S 14 6 24
The solution set for c 2 6 24 is
514, 12, 34, 1, 114 6.

square implies raised to the second power. So the
expression can be written as q2 8.
times implies multiply. So the expression can be
written as 2k 37.
1
2
3 23
1
Other
8%
b 1.3 1.8
0.3
0.3 1.3 1.8 S 1.6 1.8
?
?
0.4 1.3 1.8 S 1.7 1.8

?
0.5 1.3 1.8 S 1.8 1.8

?
0.6 1.3 1.8 S 1.9 1.8

0.7 1.3 1.8 S 2.0 1.8

True or False?
1
4
5 45
79.
3
4
12
5
2
25
1
3
6 46
10
80. 4 5 1 5
72. Replace b in b 1.3 1.8 with each value in the

replacement set B.
78.
3
0.7
true
The solution set for 3a 5 7 is {5, 6}.

1
1
74. Replace c in c 2 6 24 with each value in the
replacement set C.
77.
true
0.6
false
Leave It
25%
0.5
false
Drink It
67%
0.4
false
67. 12.2 08 x 0 12.2 08 4.8 0

12.2 03.2 0
12.2 3.2
15.4
68. 0y 0 9.4 3 07.4 0 9.4 3
7.4 9.4 3
16.8 3
13.8
69. 24.2 018.3 z 0 24.2 018.3 10 0
24.2 08.3 0
24.2 8.3
15.9
70. Sample answer: A category labeled other
representing 8% would have to be added so that
the data would sum to 100%.
71. Draw a circle with three sections. Make one section
67% of the circle and label it with the phrase drink
it. Make another section 25% of the circle and label
it with the phrase leave it. Make the third section
8% of the circle and label it with the word other.
Cereal Milk
True or False?
8
81. 8 58 18 58
82.
1
5
7
9
12 9 12
1

3
28
3
1
93
false
2-3
false
Multiplying Rational Numbers
true
Page 81
true
1. ab will be negative if either one factor is negative,

and the other is positive. Let a 2 and b 3:
2(3) 6. Let a 2 and b 3: 2(3) 6.
2. Sample answer: calculating a $2.00 monthly
banking fee for the entire year: 12 ($2) $24
3. Since multiplication is repeated addition,
multiplying a negative number by another
negative number is the same as adding
repeatedly in the opposite, or positive, direction.
true
The solution set for b 1.3 1.8 is {0.5, 0.6, 0.7}.
39
Chapter 2
4. (6)(3) 18
6. (4.5)(2.3) 10.35
8.
1 21 2
5
3
10
21
2
7
5. 5(8) 40
7. (8.7)(10.4) 90.48
9.
1 21 2
4 7
9 15
32. 5(5)(2) (3)(2)

6
28
135
33.
10. 5s(6t) 5(6)st

30st
11. 6x(7y) (15xy) 6(7)xy 15xy
42xy 15xy
(42 15)xy
57xy
1 22
12
3
4
1
13. np 2 3 4
15
8 or 18
112 22123 22
1
4
12 2213 2
1 4
1 4 21 3 2
14. n2(m 2)
12
1
3
15. To find how much honey 675 honeybees make,
multiply the number of bees by the amount an
average bee makes.
1
675 12

675
12
225
4
1
56 4
1
675 bees make 56 4 teaspoons of honey.
Pages 8183 Practice and Apply

16. 5(18) 90
18. 12(15) 180
20. 47(29) 1363
17. 8(22) 176

19. 24(8) 192
21. 81(48) 3888
22.
23.
145 2138 2 1240

3
27
1 3 2156 2 1530
24. 5
4
15
21
2 1
16
21
15
26. 35 72 5 2
27.
21
1 2 2167 2 1235
25. 5
2
1
20
1125 2149 2 108
5
10
240
10
24
1
22
2 195 2 152 2
45
10
9
2
1
42
28. 7.2(0.2) 1.44
30. (5.8) (2.3) 13.34
Chapter 2
(2)(4)
8
34. 6(2x) 14x 6(2)x 14x
12x 14x
(12 14)x
26x
35. 5(4n) 25n 5(4)n25n
20n 25n
(20 25)n
45n
36. 5(2x x) 5(2 1)x
5(1)x
5x
37. 7(3d d ) 7(3 1)d
7(4)d
28d
38. 2a(3c) (6y)(6r) 2(3)ac (6)(6)yr
6ac (36)yr
6ac 36yr
6ac 36ry
39. 7m(3n) 3s(4t) 7(3)mn 3(4)st
21mn (12)st
21mn 12st
40. To find the change in price of 35 shares, multiply the
number of shares by the change in price of one share.
35 (61.66 63.66) 35 (2)
70
The change in price of 35 shares was $70.
41. To find how much money you gained or lost,
multiply the number of shares by how much you
gained or lost on one share.
50 (61.69 64.38) 50 (2.69)
134.5
You lost $134.50 or $134.50.
42. 5c2 5(4.5)2
43. 2b2 2(3.9)2
5(20.25)
2(15.21)
101.25
30.42
44. 4ab 4(2.7)(3.9)
10.8 (3.9)
42.12
45. 5cd 5(4.5)(0.2)
22.5(0.2)
4.5
46. ad 8 (2.7)(0.2) 8
0.54 8
7.46
47. ab 3 (2.7)(3.9) 3
10.53 3
13.53
2
48. d (b 2a) (0.2)2 [3.9 2(2.7)]
(0.2)2 [3.9 (5.4)]
(0.2)2 [3.9 5.4]
(0.2)2 [9.3]
(0.04)[9.3]
0.372
12. 6m 6 3
1 32
1
15
2 1 4 2
2
(11)(4)
11
29. 6.5(0.13) 0.845

31. (0.075)(6.4) 0.48
40
49. b2 (d 3c) (3.9)2 (0.2 3 4.5)

(3.9)2 (0.2 13.5)
(3.9)2 (13.7)
(15.21)(13.7)
208.377
60.
4
5
1 32
20
50. To find the length of the union, multiply 5 by the fly.

2
5
6
61. 42 (14) 42 (14)

42 14
56
62. 14.2 6.7 14.2 (6.7)
( 014.2 0 06.7 0 )
(14.2 6.7)
20.9
63.
12
5
2
25
2
The union is 2 5 feet long.

51. To find the price after 7 months, subtract the
number of months times the drop in price per
month from the starting price.
1450 7(34.95) 1450 244.65
1205.35
The price of a computer was $1205.35.
52. To find the degrees difference, multiply the
number of 530-foot rises in altitude by the
temperature drop in one 530-foot rise.
64,997
530
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
1 15 2
16
15
1 0 20 0 0 20 0 2
16
15
1 20 20 2
16
4 20 20
4 32 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
64.
2 1
65.
1
1 3 0
2
1
3
66. Graph c; Before Brandon fills the balloon with

air, the balloon has no air in it. The amount of air
in the balloon increases as he fills it. The amount
of air decreases after Brandon lets it go until the
balloon has a minimal amount of air left in it.
Graph c shows this situation.
67. Sample answer:
129,994
530
(2)
245
The amount of degrees difference was about 245F.
To find how many plastic bottles are used in one
day, multiply the number of hours in a day by the
number of plastic bottles used every hour.
24 2,500,000 60,000,000
About 60 million plastic bottles are used in one day.
To find how many plastic bottles are used in one
week, multiply the number of hours in a week by
the number of plastic bottles used every hour.
168 2,500,000 420,000,000
About 420 million plastic bottles are used in one week.
Positive; the product of two negative numbers is
positive and the even number of negative factors
can be divided into groups of two.
Sample answer: Multiplying lets consumers
calculate quickly the total of several similar
items. Answers should include the following.
Coupons are negative values because adding a
negative number is the same as subtracting a
positive number.
Multiply 13.99 and 1.50 by three, then, add
the products.
B; 2x(4y) 2(4)xy
8xy
B; 2ab 2(4)(6)
(8)(6)
48
x 5;
25 4 6
66
but 5
5
68. Sample answer:
?
a 4; 04 0 7 3
4 7 3
but 4
3
69.
5
8
2 82
70.
2
3
16
3
6
4
71. 5 4 5 3
20
3
2
63
4
1 8
23
1
4
3
1
13
2
1
4
5
56
1
3
2
3
75.
1
2
4
5
8
5
72. 1 5 1 2
5
2
73.
2
4 32
22
74.
7
9
2
6
6 95
3
14
15
76.
7
8
3 82
21
16
5
116
Page 83
59. 6.5 (5.6) ( 06.5 0 05.6 0 )

(6.5 5.6)
12.1
41
Chapter 2
Page 83
Practice Quiz 1
10.

2. 32 0x 8 0 32 015 8 0
32 023 0
32 23
9
3. 15 7 ( 015 0 07 0 )
(15 7)
8
4. 27 (12) 27 (12)
27 12
39
5. 6.05 (2.1) ( 06.05 0 02.1 0 )
(6.05 2.1)
8.15
1 22
28
4
12.
650a
13.
2ab
ac

1 82
15
8
20 1 20 2
(6b 18) (2)
1 12
1
1
6b 1 2 2 18 1 2 2
2(3)(4.5)
(3)(7.5)
(6) (4.5)
(22.5)
27
22.5
14.
15. b
a
c
(4.5) 7.5
7.5
3
22.5
(13.5)
(1.67)
1.67
16. To find the number of visitors the site had in 1999,
divide the number of visitors in 2000 by eight.
419,000 8 52,375
There were 52,375 visitors in 1999.
7. 9(12) 108
8. (3.8)(4.1) 15.58
9. (8x)(2y) (3y)(z) (8)(2)xy (3)(1)yz
16xy (3)yz
16xy 3yz
10. mn 5 (2.5)(3.2) 5
8 5
( 08 0 05 0 )
(8 5)
3
Pages 8687
17.
19.
21.
23.
24.
25.
26.
Dividing Rational Numbers
Practice and Apply
18. 78 (4) 19.5

64 (8) 8
20. 108 (0.9) 120
78 (1.3) 60
42.3 (6) 7.05 22. 68.4 (12) 5.7
23.94 10.5 2.28
60.97 13.4 4.55
32.25 (2.5) 12.9
98.44 (4.6) 21.4
1
1. Sample answer: Dividing and multiplying

numbers with the same signs both result in a
positive answer while dividing or multiplying
numbers with different signs results in a negative
answer. However, when you divide rational
numbers in fractional form, you must multiply by
a reciprocal.
1
1
1
2. Sample answer: 2, since 1 2 and 2 7 2.

Chapter 2
35
3 or 11 3
2
30. 5 7 5 2
35
2 or 17 2
31.
16
36
24
16
60
24
960
33.
5
4
10
12
5
6
14
32

12
10
9
42
63
1512
14
25
25 32 12
24
1736
or 1 9
31
32. 56 63 56 31
60 36 24
864
2
3
29. 7 5 7 3
3. To divide by a rational number, multiply by its

reciprocal.
4. 96 (6) 16
5. 36 4 9
6. 64 5 12.8
7. 64.4 2.5 25.76

48
16
9.
12
4
5
28. 4 12 4 12
27. 3 4 3 4
12
(7.5)(4.5)
4(3)
33.75
12
2.81
20
8.

(4.5)
2
3
cb
4a
1.2
15
2 1
3 12
2
36
1
18
1101 2
3b (9)
3b 9
1 0 15 0 0 208 0 2
15
8
1 20 20 2
2
3
650a 10
(6b 18) 2
20
Page 86
650a
10
65a
6b 18
2
20 20
2-4
11.
7
6. 4 5 20 20
15
25 3
4
350
384
175
192
27
31
34.
80
25
1 22
1 32
80
45. To find the number of pillows, divide the total

amount of fabric by the amount of fabric needed
for each pillow.
3 25 2
240
50
24
1 52
1 32
1 32
222
5
36
1 82
1248
3

81c
9
81c 9
81c
9c
39.
8r 24
8
12
38.
105g
5
1
9
105g 5
105g
21g
115 2
(8r 24) (8)
1 12
1
1
8r 1 8 2 24 1 8 2
(8r 24) 8
47.
7h 35
7
(7h 35) (7)
1 12
1
1
7h 1 7 2 35 1 7 2
1h (5)
h 5
40a 50b
2
(8) (6.5)
(3.2)
52
3.2
51.
n p
m

(40a 50b) 2
112 2
1
1
40a 1 2 2 50b 1 2 2
53.
m 2n
n q
54.
m p
q

8 3.2
5.4
4.8
5.4
0.89
8 2(6.5)
(5.4)
8 13
6.5 5.4
6.5
p 3q
q m
3.2 3(5.4)
(5.4) (8)
3.2 (16.2)
(5.4) (8)
[8f (16g)] 8
118 2
1
1
8f 1 8 2 (16g) 1 8 2
[8f (16g)]
3.2 16.2
5.4 8
19.4
13.4
1.45
55. To find the average loss per month, divide the
total loss by the number of months.
1f (2g)
f 2g
44.
52.
1.76
14c 6d
5x (10y)
5
(6.5) (3.2)
8
20.8
8
21
113 2
1
1
42c 1 3 2 18d 1 3 2
8f (16g)
8
11.9
(42c 18d) 3
(42c 18d)
43.
6.5 3.2
8
9.7
8
20a 25b
42c 18d
3
np
m
1.21
(40a 50b)
42.
48.
16.25
2.6
49. mq np (8) (5.4) (6.5) (3.2)
43.2 20.8
2.08
50. pq mn (3.2) (5.4) (8) (6.5)
17.28 (52)
0.33
(7h 35) 7
41.
mn
p
1r (3)
r 3
40.
18
7
4
27
She can make 2 pillows.

46. To find the average change in revenue, divide the
change in revenue by the number of years.
(2,764,000,000 2,800,000,000) 8
36,000,000 8 4,500,000
The average change in revenue for each of the
8 years was $4,500,000.
416
37.
14
or 44 5
36. 156 8 156 3

27
35. 74 3 74 5

42 14 2 4
5 or 4 5
23,985 12 1998.75
The average loss per month was $1998.75.
56. To find the fraction that is pure gold, divide the
karat value by the karat value of pure gold.
[5x (10y)] 5
115 2
1
1
5x 1 5 2 (10y) 1 5 2
[5x (10y)]
10
10 24 24
1x (2y)
x 2y
12
Therefore, 10-karat gold is
5
7
1 12 or 12 not gold.
43
5
12
pure gold, and
Chapter 2
70. Substitution Property; 1.2 3.8 5

71. 8b 12(b 2) 8b 12(b) 12(2)
8b 12b 24
(8 12)b 24
20b 24
72. 6(5a 3b 2b) 6(5a) 6(3b) 6(2b)
30a 18b 12b
30a (18 12)b
30a 6b
73. 3(x 2y) 2y 3(x) 3(2y) 2y
3x 6y 2y
3x (6 2)y
3x 4y
57. Build up the fraction so that the denominator is

24. The numerator will be the karat value of the
gold.
2
3
2.8
3.8
16
24
Therefore, jewelry that is
2
3
gold is 16-karat gold.
58. Since 4 is even, 4 is divisible by 2. Therefore, if a

number is divisible by 4, then it is divisible by 2.
Note that 3 . 4 . 6 72 and 8 . 9 72. Therefore,
if a number is divisible by 72, then it is divisible
by 3, 4, 6, 8, and 9. Since 8 and 9 have no
common factor, no number smaller than their
product will be divisible by both 8 and 9. Now,
note that 72 . 5 . 7 2520, so 2520 is divisible by
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. Since 72, 5, and 7 have
no common factor, no number smaller than their
product will be divisible by 72, 5, and 7. Thus,
2520 is the least positive integer that is divisible
by all whole numbers from 1 to 9.
59. Sample answer: You use division to find the mean
of a set of data. Answers should include the
following.
You could track the mean number of turtles
stranded each year and note if the value
increases or decreases.
Weather or pollution could affect the turtles.
60. D; 6.25 10 12 0.625 12
7.5
61. E; 6x 1 6
17
3
74. mean
36
There are five numbers in the set. When ordered
from least to greatest, the third number is 38.
So, the median is 38. The number 40 appears
twice, and the other numbers of the set appear
only once. So, the mode is 40.
75. mean
1
76. mean
64.
1
(5)
4
5
4
1
14
63. 2.5(1.2) 3
65. 1.6(0.3) 0.48
66. 8 (6) 8 (6)

86
14
67. 15 21 15 (21)
( 021 0 015 0 )
(21 15)
6
68. 7.5 4.8 7.5 (4.8)
( 07.5 0 04.8 0 )
(7.5 4.8)
12.3
5
1 12
77. mean
1 42
15
4
24 1 24 2
15
24 24
1 0 15 0 0 244 0 2
15
4
1 24 24 2
24
11
24
Chapter 2
79 84 81 84 75 73 80 78
8
634
8
79.25
There are eight numbers in the set. When ordered
from least to greatest, the fourth number is 79 and
79 80
the fifth is 80. So, the median is
or 79.5. The
2
number 84 appears twice, and the other numbers
of the set appear only once. So, the mode is 84.
69. 8 6 24 24

15
1.2 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.2 1.0 1.5

7
10.3
7
1.47
There are seven numbers in the set. When
ordered from least to greatest, the fourth number
is 1.5. So, the median is 1.5. The number 1.2
appears twice, and the other numbers of the set
appear only once. So, the mode is 1.2.
62. 4(11) 44
3 9 0 2 11 8 14 3
8
50
8
6.25
There are eight numbers in the set. When ordered
from least to greatest, the fourth number is 3 and
3 8
1
the fifth is 8. So, the median is 2 or 52 5.5.
The number 3 appears twice, and the other numbers
of the set appear only once. So, the mode is 3.
34 1
35
Page 87
40 34 40 28 38
5
180
5
44
2-5
Statistics: Displaying and

Analyzing Data
Page 91
11. The greatest common place value is tens, so the

digits in the tens place are the stems.
Stem Leaf
5 4556
6 0149
7 03578
8 0035888
9 0
10 0 2 5
11 0
5 0 4 54
12. Occurring three times, the most frequent value is 88.
13. The mode is not the best measure as it is higher
than most of the values.
1. They describe the data as a whole.

2. Sample answer:
Line Plot:

1

Line Graph:
Pages 9294
Practice and Apply
14. The lowest value is 35, and the highest value is

54, so use a scale that includes those values.
Place an above each value for each occurrence.

1
15. The lowest value is 2.0, and the highest value is

2.5, so use a scale that includes those values.

2
1

10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
5. The lowest value is 0, and the highest value is 14,

so use a scale that includes those values. Place an
above each value for each occurrence.

1
0



34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54
3. A set of data with one extremely high value would

be better represented by the median, not by the
mean. Sample answer: 13, 14, 14, 28

10 12 14

7
17.
18.
19.
20.
23 of the 44 teams were not number 1 seeds.

29 of the 44 teams were seeded higher than third.
Sample answer: Median; most of the data are near 2.
The greatest common place value is ones, so the
digits in the ones place are the stems.
Stem Leaf
5 89
6 03569
7 01123
5 08 5.8
Stem Leaf
1 88
2 2366689
3 011234
4 7
1 08 18
6. Occurring four times, the most frequent value is 0.

7. The mean, 6.75, and the median, 6.5, both represent
the data accurately as they are fairly central.
Stem Leaf
6 46888
7 1236
8 01688
9 3
6 0 4 64
9. The greatest value is 12.9, and the least value is
9.3. Therefore, the difference is 12.9 9.3 or 3.6.
10. Median; most of the data clusters higher, near the
median, 11.8.
45
Chapter 2
38. Sample answer: 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 18
22. The greatest common place value is hundreds, but

the hundreds digit in every number is a one. Thus
we use the digits in the tens place as the stems.
Stem Leaf
10 0 0 4 5 5 6 6 7 8 9 9
11 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5
67778888889
12 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 5 8
13 4
10 00 100
23. Occuring six times, the most frequent temperature
is 118.
24. No; the mode is higher than most of the data.
26. Occuring three times, the most frequent
magnitude was 7.5.
27. Mean or median; both are centrally located and
the mode is too high.

mean
39.
40.
41.
42.
12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40
29. 7 of the 10 countries won fewer than 25 gold medals.

30. When ordered from least to greatest, the fifth
value is 13 and the sixth is 14. So, the median is
13 14
or 13.5.
2
31. Sample answer: Yes; most of the data are near the
median.
Stem Leaf
1 688999
2 00000112334568889
9999
3 00001334467
4 37
1 06 16
33. 22 of the 40 vehicles get more than 25 miles per
gallon.
34. Sample answer: Mean; the median is too high,
and the modes are either too high or too low.
Stem Leaf
3 047
4
5 29
6 27
7 7
8 4 5 3 00 30
36. The interval that corresponds to the stem value 3
has the most values. The interval is from 30 to 39.
37. Every number in the set appears only once. So,
there is no mode.
Chapter 2
43.
4 4 4 5 5 5 7 8 8 8 8 18
12
84
12
7
There are twelve numbers in the set. When
ordered from least to greatest, the sixth number
5 7
is 5 and the seventh is 7. So, the median is 2
or 6. The number 8 appears four times, and the
other numbers of the set appear three times or
less. So, the mode is 8.
High school: $33,184 $23,061 $10,123; some
college: $39,221 $27,757 $11,464; Bachelors
degree: $60,201 $41,747 $18,454; Doctoral
degree: $81,687 $60,079 $21,608
Sample answer: The highest median salaries are
earned by people whose highest level of education
is a bachelors degree.
Sample answer: because the range in salaries is
often very great with extreme values on both the
high end and low end
Sample answer: They can be used in marketing or
sales to sell the most products to a specific group.
a line plot showing the number of males with
the names from the beginning of the lesson
By finding out the most popular names, you can
use the popular names on more of your items.
C;
mean
7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.9 7.9 7.9 8.3 9.1 11

10
82.1
10
8.21
44. C; 7 of the 10 wingspans are less than 8 inches.
Page 94
45. 56 (14) 4
46. 72 (12) 6
47. 40.5 3 13.5
48. 102 6.8 15
49. 2(6x) 5x 2(6)x 5x
12x 5x
(12 5)x
17x
50. 3x(7y) 4x(5y) 3(7)xy 4(5)xy
21xy 20xy
(21 20)xy
41xy
51. 5(3t 2t) 2(4t) 5(3t) 5(2t) 2(4t)
5(3)t 5(2)t 2(4)t
15t 10t 8t
(15 10 8)t
3t
52.
x dollars
d dollars plus per week for 12 weeks
14243 123 14243 123 123
d

x

12
or d 12x
53. y 3x 16 3.5
54. xz 3 5.9 3
16 15
45 3
1
15
46
55. 2x x (y 4) 2 5 5 (16 4)
2554
10 5 4
54
9
56.
58.
60.
62.
64.
x z
2y
5 9
2 16
25 9
2 16
16
2 16
16
32
1
2
54
54 6
60 6
60
9
10
42
42 6
48 6
48
7
8
28
28 4
52 4
52
7
13
84
84 6
90 6
90
14
15
Page 95
57.
12
18
4. There are four 5s and 52 total cards.

4
P(5) 52
1
13
1
The probability of selecting a 5 is 13 or about 8%.

5. There are two red 10s and 52 total cards.
12 6
18 6
P(red 10) 52
3
26
1
The probability of selecting a red 10 is 26 or

about 4%.
6. There are 16 odd numbered cards and 52 total cards.
59.
21
30
21 3
16
30 3
P(odd number) 52
10
61.
32
64
13
32 32
64 32
The probability of selecting an odd numbered card

4
is 13 or about 31%.
7. There is 1 way to pick the queen of hearts and
1 way to pick the jack of diamonds. So there are
1 1 or 2 ways to pick the queen of hearts or
jack of diamonds
2
63.
16
36
16 4
36 4
4
9
P(queen of hearts or jack of diamonds) 52

1
26
The probability of selecting the queen of hearts or
1
jack of diamonds is 26 or about 4%.
8. There are three numbers on the spinner that are
multiples of 3, and there are 10 3 or 7 numbers
that are not multiples of 3.
Reading Mathematics
1. Sample answer: The data show the acreage and

number of visitors in thousands for selected state
parks and recreation areas in 1999.
2. Sample answer: The footnote indicates that the
number of visitors includes those staying overnight.
3. The data is for 1999.
4. The unit indicator is thousands.
5. The table has the value 1016 in the row labeled
New York and the column labeled Acreage.
Therefore, New York has 1,016,000 acres.
6. The largest number in the column labeled Visitors
is 76,736, which is in the row labeled California.
Therefore, California had the greatest number of
visitors with 76,736,000 visitors.
odds of a multiple of 3 7
The odds of getting a multiple of 3 on the spinner
are 3:7.
9. There are three even numbers less than 8 on the
spinner, and there are 10 3 or 7 numbers that
are not even or not less than 8.
3
odds of an even number less than 8 7

The odds of getting an even number less than 8
on the spinner are 3:7.
10. There are seven numbers on the spinner that are
odd or blue, and there are 10 7 or 3 numbers
that are even and not blue.
7
2-6
Page 98
odds of an odd number or blue 3
Probability: Simple
Probability and Odds
The odds of getting an odd number or blue on the

spinner are 7:3.
11. There are six numbers on the spinner that are
red or yellow, and there are 10 6 or 4 numbers
that are blue.
1. Sample answers: impossible event: rolling a

number greater than 6; certain event: rolling a
number from 1 to 6; equally likely event: rolling
an even number.
3
2. The probability is 5 which means there are
3 favorable outcomes for every 5 3 or
2 unfavorable outcomes. Thus the odds are 3:2.
3. Doug; Mark determined the odds in favor of
picking a red card.
odds of red or yellow 4

The odds of getting a red or yellow number on the
spinner are 6:4.
47
Chapter 2
18. There are 70 100 80 or 250 coins with value

less than $1.00 and 300 total coins.
12. The factors of 48 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24,

and 48, of which 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, and 48 are
multiples of 4. There are 4 factors that are not a
multiple of 4 and 10 total factors.
250
P(value less than $1.00) 300

5
6
P(not a multiple of 4) 10
0.83
The probability of selecting a coin with value less
than $1.00 is 65 or about 83%.
19. There are 80 50 or 130 coins with value greater
than $0.10 and 300 total coins.
5
The probability of selecting a factor that is not a
2
multiple of 4 is 5 or 40%.
13. The factors of 48 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24,
and 48, of which 12, 24, and 48 have both 4 and 6
as factors. There are 3 factors of 48 that have
4 and 6 as two of their factors and 10 total factors
of 48.
130
P(value greater than $0.10) 300

13
30
0.43
The probability selecting a coin with value greater
13
than $0.10 is 30
or about 43%.
20. There are 80 50 or 130 coins with value at least
$0.25 and 300 total coins.
P(has 4 and 6 as factors) 10 or 0.3

The probability of selecting a factor that has 4
3
and 6 as two of its factors is 10 or 30%.
130
Pages 99101
P(value at least $0.25) 300
Practice and Apply
13
30
14. There are 80 quarters and 300 total coins.
0.43
The probability of selecting a coin with value at
least $0.25 is 13
or about 43%.
30
21. There are 70 100 80 50 or 300 coins with
value at most $1.00 and 300 total coins.
80
P(quarter) 300
4
15
0.27
4
The probability of selecting a quarter is 15 or
about 27%.
15. There are 100 dimes and 300 total coins.
300
P(value at most $1.00) 300

1
The probability of selecting a coin with value at
most $1.00 is 1 or 100%.
22. There are 15 ways for the sum of two dice to be
less than 7 and 36 total outcomes.
100
P(dime) 300
1
3
0.33
1
The probability of selecting a dime is 3 or about 33%.

16. There are 70 ways to pick a nickel and 50 ways to
pick a dollar. So there are 70 50 or 120 ways to
pick a nickel or a dollar and 300 total coins.
15
P(sum less than 7) 36

5
12
0.42
5
The probability of the sum being less than 7 is 12
or about 42%.
120
P(nickel or dollar) 300

2
5
0.40
The probability of selecting a nickel or a dollar is
2
or 40%.
5
17. There are 80 ways to pick a quarter and 70 ways
to pick a nickel. So there are 80 70 or 150 ways
to pick a quarter or a nickel and 300 total coins.
21
P(sum less than 8) 36

7
12
0.58
The probability of the sum being less than 8 is
or about 58%.
greater than 12 and 36 total outcomes.
150
P(quarter or nickel) 300

1
2 or 0.5
The probability of selecting a quarter or a nickel
1
is 2 or 50%.
P(sum is greater than 12)
7
12
0
36
0
The probability of the sum being greater than 12
is 0 or 0%.
Chapter 2
48
33. There are 3 polygons that have more than one

right angle and 6 total polygons.

greater than 1 and 36 total outcomes.
36
P(sum is greater than 1) 36
P(more than one right angle) 6
1
The probability of the sum being greater than 1 is
1 or 100%.
between 5 and 10 and 36 total outcomes.
2 or 0.5
The probability of selecting a polygon that has
more than one right angle is 1 or 50%.
2
34. There is one day in April that is the 29th and 30
total days in April. The probability that the
1
persons birthday is the 29th is 30 or about 3%.
35. There are 15 days in July after the 16th and 31
total days in July. The probability that the
15
persons birthday is after the 16th is 31 or
about 48%.
36. There are three as in the name, and there are
24 3 or 21 letters that are not an a.
20
P(sum is between 5 and 10) 36

5
9
0.56
The probability of the sum being between 5 and
5
10 is 9 or about 56%.
between 2 and 9 and 36 total outcomes.
P(sum is between 2 and 9)
odds of an a 21
25
36
7
0.69
The probability of the sum being between 2 and 9
25
is 36 or about 69%.
28. There are 3 triangles and 6 total polygons.
The odds of selecting an a from the name are 1:7.

37. There are four ts in the name and there are
24 4 or 20 letters that are not a t.
4
odds of a t 20 or
P(triangle) 6
1
5
The odds of selecting a t from the name are 1:5.

38. There are eleven vowels in the name and there
are 24 11 or 13 consonants.
2 or 0.5
1
The probability of selecting a triangle is 2 or 50%.

29. There is 1 pentagon and 6 total polygons.
11
odds of a vowel 13
P(pentagon) 6
The odds of selecting a vowel from the name are

11:13.
39. There are thirteen consonants in the name and
there are 24 13 or 11 vowels.
0.17
1
The probability of selecting a pentagon is 6 or
about 17%.
30. There are 3 polygons that are not triangles and 6
total polygons.
13
odds of a consonant 11
The odds of selecting a consonant from the name
are 13:11.
40. There are four uppercase letters in the name and
there are 24 4 or 20 lowercase letters.
P(not a triangle) 6
1
2 or 0.5
The probability of selecting a polygon that is not a
1
triangle is 2 or 50%.
31. There are 4 polygons that are not quadrilaterals
and 6 total polygons.
odds of an uppercase letter 20 or
1
5
The odds of selecting an uppercase letter from the

name are 1:5.
41. There are nine lowercase vowels in the name and
there are 24 9 or 15 letters that are not
lowercase vowels.
P(not a quadrilateral) 6
2
3
odds of a lowercase vowel 15 or
0.67
The probability of selecting a polygon that is not a
2
quadrilateral is 3 or about 67%.
32. There are 3 polygons that have more than three
sides and 6 total polygons.
3
5
The odds of selecting a lowercase vowel from the

name are 3:5.
42. There are five stamps from Canada and there are
32 5 or 27 stamps that are not from Canada.
P(more than three sides) 6
odds of being from Canada 27
2 or 0.5
The odds the stamp is from Canada are 5:27.

43. There are twelve stamps from Mexico and there
are 32 12 or 20 stamps that are not from Mexico.
The probability of selecting a polygon that has

1
more than three sides is 2 or 50%.
12
odds of being from Mexico 20 or
3
5
The odds the stamp is from Mexico are 3:5.
49
Chapter 2
52. 100 40 25(100 2 25)

100 40 25(100 50)
100 40 25(50)
4000 1250
5250
2 252 100 35 2 625 100 35
1250 3500
4750
The area of the region not shaded is 5250 cm2,
and the area of the shaded region is 4750 cm2.
44. There are 32 3 or 29 stamps not from France

and there are 3 stamps from France.
odds of not being from France
29
3
The odds the stamp is not from France are 29:3.

45. There are 3 8 1 3 or 15 stamps not from a
North American country and there are 32 15 or
17 stamps from a North American Country.
odds of not being from a North American
15
country 17
5250
odds against shaded region 4750
The odds the stamp is not from a North American

country are 15:17.
46. There are 3 1 or 4 stamps from Germany or
Russia and there are 32 4 or 28 stamps not
from Germany or Russia.
4
1
odds of being from Germany or Russia 28 or 7
21
19
The odds against placing a piece on a shaded
region are 21:19.
53.
100 35 3500
100(40 25) 100 65
6500
The area of the green rectangle is 3500 cm2, and
the area outside the green rectangle is 6500 cm2.
The odds the stamp is from Germany or Russia

are 1:7.
47. There are 5 8 or 13 stamps from Canada or
Great Britain and there are 32 13 or 19 stamps
not from Canada or Great Britain.
13
odds of being from Canada or Great Britain 19
3500
odds of green rectangle 6500

7
13
The odds the stamp is from Canada or Great

Britain are 13:19.
3
48. The probability that it will occur is 7, so the
The odds of a piece being placed within the green

rectangle are 7:13.
54. There are 24 players who hit more than 35 home
runs and 46 total players.
probability that it will not occur is 74.

3
24
P(more than 35) 46
odds it occurs 7 : 7 or 3:4
12
23
The odds that the event will occur are 3:4.
0.52
The probability of selecting a player who hit more
12
than 35 home runs is 23 or about 52%.
55. There are forty-two players who hit less than
45 home runs and there are 46 42 or 4 players
who hit 45 or more.
49. The probability that it will occur is 3, so the

1
probability that it will not occur is 3.

1
odds against it occuring 3 : 3 or 1:2.

The odds that the event will not occur are 1:2.
50. There are four cards from the coworkers in the
bowl and there are 80 4 or 76 cards not from
the coworkers.
odds of less than 45

odds a coworker wins 76
The odds of selecting a player who hit less than

45 home runs are 21:2.
56. The number of home runs is 38 and the total
number of bats is 439.
19
51.
The odds one of the coworkers will win are 1:19.

2 252 100 35 2 625 100 35
1250 3500
4750
100(35 40 25) 100(100)
10,000
The area of the shaded region is 4750 cm2, and
the total area is 10,000 cm2.
38
P(home run) 439

0.09
The probability the player hits a home run the
38
next time the player bats is 439 or about 9%.
57. There is one winning game card and 1,000,000
nonwinning game cards, so there is one winning
card and a total of 1,000,001 cards.
4750
P(shaded region) 10,000
19
P(grand prize) 1,000,001
40 or 0.475
0.000001
The probability of selecting the winning game
1
card is 1,000,001 or about 0.0001%.
58. No; even with 100 game cards the odds of winning
are only 100:999,901. It would require several
hundred thousand cards to significantly increase
the odds of winning.
The probability the piece is placed on a shaded

19
region is 40 or 47.5%.
Chapter 2
42
4
21
2
50
68. 12.2 7.8 ( 012.2 0 07.8 0 )

(12.2 7.8)
4.4
59. There are 6 ways for a head to appear on at least

one of them and 7 total possible outcomes.
6
P(at least one head) 7
13
70.
12

2
5
4
5
74.

66.
ab
c

1 0 10 0 0 127 0 2
10
7
1 12 12 2
12
0 23 0 23
1
6
is one-sixth unit from zero in the positive

direction.
0 16 0 16
75. 62 6 6
36
77. (8)2 (8)(8)
64
76. 172 17 17
289
78. (11.5)2 (11.5)(11.5)
132.25
79. 1.62 1.6 1.6

2.56
80.
81. 49 2 49 49
2 16 16
82. 16
15
15
15
1 2
65. 2a b 2 3 5
2
1
or 80%
1 12
10
73. 3 is two-thirds unit from zero in the negative

direction.

Stem Leaf
5 8.3
6 4.3 5.1 5.5 6.7 7.0 8.7 9.3
7 0.0 2.8 3.2 5.8 7.4 7.4
5 0 8.3 58.3
1
71. 4.25 is four and twenty-five hundredths units

from zero in the positive direction.
04.25 0 4.25
72. 8.4 is eight and four tenths units from zero in
08.4 0 8.4
12
64. b c 5 2
1 52
6 12 12
4
P(satisfy inequality) 15
Page 101
7
12
8
13:12
62. D; There are 12 numbers that satisfy the
inequality and 15 total numbers.
1 32
2
3
1 0 8 0 0 8 0 2
2
3
18 8 2
2
12
odds against occurring 25 : 25
4
5
1 32
69. 4 8 8 8
0.86
6
The probability of at least one head is 7 or
about 86%.
60. Sample answer: Probabilities are often used for
strategy like placing a certain pitcher against a
batter who has a low probability of hitting a pitch
from that pitcher. Answers should include the
following.
baseball: using the probability that a team can
get base runners out; basketball: the
probability that a player can make a basket
from a certain place on the court; auto racing:
the probability that a set of tires will hold out
for the remainder of a race
Odds in favor of an event and odds against an
event are frequently used.
13
61. B; The probability the event will not occur is 25.
2
2
3 5
2 5
3 2
10
6
5
2
3 or 13
Page 101
1 21 2
1125 22 125 125

1
16
81
Practice Quiz 2
1. 136 (8) 17
3. (46.8) 4 11.7
256
225
1 32
21
or
31
1225
1 82
2. 15 8 15 3
3 5
1
2
1 2
1
3 5 2
2
1
15 2
2 2
15 1
4
15
25
144
4.
3a 9
3
120
3
40
(3a 9) 3
113 2
1
1
3a 1 3 2 9 1 3 2
(3a 9)
1a 3
a3
67. 4.3 (8.2) ( 08.2 0 04.3 0 )

(8.2 4.3)
3.9
51
Chapter 2
5.
4x 32
4
2.
(4x 32) 4
114 2
1
1
4x 1 4 2 32 1 4 2
4 boys
BBBB
(4x 32)
1x 8
x8
6.
15n 20
5
(15n 20) (5)
1 12
1
1
15n 1 5 2 20 1 5 2
3n (4)
3n 4
7. The lowest value is 0.4, and the highest value is

5.0, so use a scale that includes those values.
Sample answer: scale from 0 to 5 Place an

1 boy,
3 girls
BGGG
GBGG
GGBG
GGGB
4 girls
GGGG
3. There are 2 possibilities for a one-child family,

4 possibilities for a two-child family, 8 possibilities
for a three-child family, and 16 possibilities for a
four-child family. Following the pattern, there
should be 32 possibilities for a five-child family
and 64 possibilities for a six-child family. The
pattern represents powers of 2.
4. There are 3 ways to have 2 boys and 1 girl and
8 total outcomes. Therefore, the probability of
having 2 boys and 1 girl in a three-child family is
3
or 37.5%.
8
5. There are 6 ways to have 2 boys and 2 girls and
16 total outcomes. Therefore, the probability of
having 2 boys and 2 girls in a four-child family is
6
3
8 or 37.5%.
16
6. Sample answer: Each number in each row shows
the number of ways to have boys and girls for a
given number of children.
7. The fifth row labeled Row 4 represents a fourchild family. The second number from the right is
4 and represents how many ways to have 3 girls
and 1 boy. There are 1 4 6 4 1 or 16 total
outcomes. Therefore, the probability of having
1 boy in a four-child family is 4 1 or 25%.
(15n 20) 5
3 boys, 2 boys,
1 girl 2 girls
BBBG
BBGG
BBGB
BGBG
BGBB
BGGB
GBBB
GBBG
GBGB
GGBB
8. There are 3 ways for the sum of two dice to be 10

and 36 total outcomes.
3
P(sum of 10) 36
1
12
0.08
1
The probability of the sum being 10 is 12 or
about 8%.
greater than or equal to 6 and 36 total outcomes.
26
P(sum 6) 36
16
13
18
2-7
0.72
The probability of the sum being greater than or
equal to 6 is 13
or about 72%.
18
Page 107
30
6
Page 102
5
6
Rational numbers: 0.5, 0.125, 0.3;

Irrational numbers: 22, 23,
3. There is no real number that can be multiplied by
itself to result in a negative product.
Algebra Activity
(Follow-Up of Lesson 26)
4. 225 represents the negative square root of 25.
1. There are 2 more possibilities for 2 boys, 1 girl

and 2 more possibilities for 1 boy, 2 girls.
3 boys
BBB
Chapter 2
2 boys,
1 girl
BBG
BGB
GBB
1 boy,
2 girls
BGG
GBG
GGB
1. Sometimes; the square root of a number can be

negative, such as 4 and 4, which are both
square roots of 16.
2. Rational numbers are numbers that, when
written as decimals, terminate or repeat.
Irrational numbers do not terminate nor do they
repeat. Sample answer:
P(sum 10) 36
0.83
The probability of the sum being less than 10 is
or about 83%.
Square Roots and Real Numbers
25 52 S 225 5
5. 21.44 represents the positive square root of 1.44.
3 girls
GGG
1.44 1.22 S 21.44 1.2
52
18. Write each number as a decimal.
16
6. ; 3 49 represents the positive and negative square

roots of
16
49
147 22 and 1649 147 22
;3
230 5.477225575 . . . or about 5.48
16
.
49
16
49
;
59 5.444444444 . . . or about 5.44

13 13.0
4
7
1
230
7. 232 represents the positive square root of 32.

32
5.662
0.18 6 5.44 6 5.48 6 13.0

The numbers arranged in order from least to
1
4
greatest are 30, 59, 230, 13.
S 232 5.66
8. Because 264 8, this number is an integer

and a rational number.
9. Because 8 and 3 are integers and 8 3 2.66666 . . .
is a repeating decimal, this number is a rational
number.
10. Because 228 5.29150262 . . . , which is not a
repeating or terminating decimal, this number is
irrational.
56
11. Because 7 8, this number is a natural number,
a whole number, an integer, and a rational number.
12.
6
5
4
3
19. C; Replace a in 2a 6

?
22 6

81 92 S 281 9
5.29 2.32 S 25.29 2.3

6.25 2.52 S 26.25 2.5
78 8.832 S 278 8.83
0.333333 . . .
94 9.702 S 294 9.70
1
.
3
36
15. You can use a calculator to find an approximation

2
for 9.
2
9
roots of
36
81
0.222222 . . .
0.2 0.222222 . . .
Therefore,
2
9
100
27. ; 3 196 represents the positive and negative

square roots of
100
196
6 26.
11014 22 and
100
10
; 3 196 ; 14

1
8
1
8
;3
26 2.449489743 . . .
Therefore,
169 22 and 8136 169 22
36
0.166666 . . .
1
6
36
.
81
; 3 81 ; 9
0.2.
16. You can use a calculator to find approximations

1
for 6 and 26.
1
6
Practice and Apply
49 72 S 249 7
The heavy arrow indicates that all points to the

right of 7 are included in the graph. The dot at
7 indicates that 7 is included in the graph.
1
for 3.
Therefore, 0.3 6
13.
1
3
with 2.
22
Pages 107109
2
1
2a
1.41 6 0.71
The heavy arrow indicates that all numbers to the

left of 3.5 are included in the graph. The circle at
3.5 indicates 3.5 is not included in the graph.
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
0.1825741858 . . . or about 0.18
100
.
196
100

196
11014 22
;7
0.125
0.3535533906 . . . or about 0.35
0.15 0.15151515 . . . or about 0.15

15 15.0
15.0 6 0.125 6 0.15 6 0.35
1
1
greatest are 15, 8, 0.15, 3 8.
53
25
25
28.
3 14 represents the positive square root of 14.

9
9
0.802 S 3 14 0.80
14
29.

25
25
0.772 S 3 42 0.77
42
Chapter 2
49. Because 3.141592654 . . . , which is not a

irrational.
d
50. Replace d in 3 16 with 28.
30. ; 2820 represents the positive and negative

square roots of 820.
820 28.642 and 820 (28.64)2
; 2820 ; 28.64
31. ; 2513 represents the positive and negative
513 22.652 and 513 (22.65)2
; 2513 ; 22.65
32. Because 222 4.69041576 . . . , which is not
a repeating or terminating decimal, this number
is irrational.
36
a whole number, an integer, and a rational number.
34. Because 1 and 3 are integers and 1 3
0.333333 . . . is a repeating decimal, this number
is a rational number.
35. Because 5 and 12 are integers and (5 12)
0.416666 . . . is a repeating decimal, this
number is a rational number.
28
3 16 1.32
The ball would take 1.32 s to reach the ground.
3
51. Replace d in 224d with 434.
3 24 1 43 4 2 21050 32.40
3
Jerome should not get a ticket. He was traveling

at about 32.4 mph.
52.
14 13121110 9 8 7 6
The heavy arrow indicates that all numbers to

the right of 12 are included in the graph. The
circle at 12 indicates that 12 is not included in
the graph.
53.
1
82
20
36. Because 3 2.024845673 . . . , which is not a

irrational.
37. Because 246 6.782329983 . . . , which is
not a repeating or terminating decimal, this
number is irrational.
38. Because 210.24 3.2, which is a terminating
decimal, this number is a rational number.
2.8421052631579 is a terminating decimal, this
0.75 is a terminating decimal, this number is a
rational number.
18
a whole number, an integer, and a rational
number.
1.9428571428571 is a terminating decimal, this
45. Because 6 and 11 are integers and
6 11 0.54545454 . . . is a repeating decimal,
this number is a rational number.
54.
10
9

right of 10.2 are included in the graph. The dot
at 10.2 indicates that 10.2 is included in the
graph.
55.
2
1
The heavy arrow indicates that all numbers to

the left of 0.25 are included in the graph. The
circle at 0.25 indicates 0.25 is not included in
the graph.
56.
5 4 3 2 1
The heavy arrows indicate that all numbers to

the right and left of 2 are included in the graph.
The circle at 2 indicates that 2 is not included
in the graph.
57.
8 6 4 2
The heavy line and arrows indicate that all numbers

to the right and left of 6 and 6 are included in the
graph. The circles at 6 and 6 indicate that 6 and
6 are not included in the graph.
for 15.
25 2.23606797 . . .
5.72 5.727272 . . .
Therefore, 5.72 7 25.
for 18.
78
47. Because 3 42 1.36277028 . . . , which is not a

irrational.
48. Because 29.16 3.02654919 . . . , which is
Chapter 2

left of 8 are included in the graph. The dot at
8 indicates that 8 is included in the graph.
18 2.82842712 . . .
2.63 2.636363 . . .
54

4.83 4.83838383 . . . or about 4.84
0.4
2.82842712 . . . or about 2.83
60. You can use a calculator to find approximations for

1
1
and
.
7
1
7
1
27
27
0.142857142 . . .
28
3
8 0.375
4.84 6 0.375 6 0.4 6 2.83
3
greatest are 4.83, 8, 0.4, 18.
0.37796447 . . .
Therefore,
1
7
1
27
61. You can use a calculator to find approximations for

2
2
and
.
3
2
3
2
23
23
0.666666 . . .
165 8.06225774 . . . or about 8.06

2
65 6.4
1.15470053 . . .
Therefore,
2
3
2
23
127 5.19615242 . . . or about 5.20

8.06 6 6.4 6 5.20
2
greatest are 165, 65, 127.
2122 11.0453610 . . . or about 11.05
4
79 7.444444 . . . or about 7.44

1
for
and 131
.
31
1
231
231
231
31
0.17960530 . . .
0.17960530 . . .
Therefore,
1
131
131
.
31
2200 14.1421356 . . . or about 14.14

7.44 6 11.05 6 14.14
4
greatest are 79, 1122, 1200.

12
for 2 .
22
2
1
2
0.707106781 . . .
70. Replace h in 1.41h with 1500.

1.421500 1.4 38.73
54.222
The tourists can see about 54.2 miles.
1.4 2135 1.4 11.62
16.268
Replace h in 1.41h with 85.
0.5
Therefore,
22
2
7 2.

20.42 0.648074069 . . . or about 0.648
0.63 0.63636363 . . . or about 0.636
14
0.66666666 . . . or about 0.667
3
0.636 6 0.648 6 0.667
14
greatest are 0.63, 10.42, 3 .
1.4185 1.4 9.22

12.908
Marissa can see about 16.268 12.908 3.36 or
about 3.4 miles farther than Dillan.

10.06 0.244948974 . . . or about 0.245
0.24 0.24242424 . . . or about 0.242
19
12
1.41120 1.4 10.95

15.33
The lighthouse keeper cannot see the boat. The
lighthouse keeper can only see about 15.3 miles.
73. They are true if q and r are positive and q 7 r.
0.25
0.242 6 0.245 6 0.25

19
greatest are 0.24, 10.06, 12 .
1.46 1.46464646 . . . or about 1.46
0.2
1.41421356 . . . or about 1.41
12
1
6 0.1666666 . . . or about 0.17

1.46 6 0.17 6 0.2 6 1.41
1
greatest are 1.46, 6, 0.2, 12.
55
Chapter 2
74. The area of a square is given by A s2 where s is

the side length. If A s2 then 1A s. To find
the side lengths, find the square root of the area.
1 12 S 21 1
4 22 S 24 2
9 32 S 29 3
16 42 S 216 4
25 52 S 225 5
81. There are 20 even numbers in a deck of cards,

and there are 52 20 or 32 cards that are not
even numbers.
20
odds of an even number 32

5
8
The odds of selecting an even number from a deck
of cards are 5:8.
82. There are 12 face cards in a deck of cards, and
52 12 or 40 cards that are not face cards.
The perimeter of a square is 4 times the side

length. To find the perimeter of each square,
multiply each of the side lengths by 4.
414
428
4 3 12
4 4 16
4 5 20
40
odds against a face card 12

The odds against selecting a face card from a deck

of cards are 10:3.
83. There are four aces in a deck of cards, and 52 4
or 48 cards that are not aces.
Squares
Area (Units2 )
1
4
9
16
25
Side Length
1
2
3
4
5
odds against an ace

Perimeter
4
8
12
16
20
84.
85.
75. The length of the side is the square root of the area.
76. The perimeter of a square is 4 times the side
length. The side length of a square is the square
root of the area. Therefore, the perimeter of a
square is 4 times the square root of the area. For
a square whose area is a units2, the perimeter is
41a units.
77. Sample answer: By using the formula Surface
86.
87.
height weight
Area 3
, you need to use square
3600
roots to calculate the quantity. Answers should
You must multiply height by weight first.
Divide that product by 3600. Then determine
the square root of that result.
Sample answers: exposure to radiation or
chemicals; heat loss; scuba suits
Sample answers: determining height, distance
88.
78. B; 27
79. B; Write each number as a decimal.
3
6 0.5
6
3 2
0.5 7 2
Page 109
48
4
12
1
The odds against selecting an ace from a deck of

cards are 12:1.
Sample answer: Mean; the median and mode are
too low.
4(7) 3 (11) 28 33
28 (33)
( 028 0 033 0 )
(28 33)
61
3(4) 2(7) 12 (14)
( 012 0 014 0 )
(12 14)
26
1.2(4x 5y) 0.2(1.5x 8y)
1.2(4x) 1.2(5y) 0.2(1.5x) 0.2(8y)
1.2(4)x 1.2(5)y 0.2(1.5)x 0.2(8)y
4.8x 6y (0.3)x 1.6y
4.8x 6y 0.3x 1.6y
4.8x 0.3x 6y 1.6y
(4.8 0.3)x (6 1.6)y
5.1x 7.6y
4x(y 2z) x(6z 3y)
4x(y) 4x(2z) x(6z) x(3y)
4(1)xy 4(2)xz 1(6)xz 1(3)xy
4xy (8)xz 6xz (3)xy
4xy 8xz 6xz 3xy
4xy 3xy 8xz 6xz
(4 3)xy (8 6)xz
7xy 14xz
80. There are two red 4s in a deck of cards, and there

are 52 2 or 50 cards that are not a red 4.
Page 110
1. true; 26 is twenty-six units from zero in the

negative direction.
2. true; definition of a rational number
3. true; 2144 represents the principal square root
of 144.
144 122 S 2144 12
odds of a red 4 50
1
25
The odds of selecting a red 4 from a deck of cards
are 1:25.
Chapter 2
10
3
56
22. 2 10 2 (10)
( 02 0 010 0 )
(2 10)
12
23. 9 (7) 9 (7)
97
16
24. 1.25 0.18 1.07
25. 7.7 (5.2) 7.7 (5.2)
7.7 5.2
( 07.7 0 05.2 0 )
(7.7 5.2)
2.5
4. false; Because 2576 24, this number is an

integer and a rational number.
5. true; 152 225
6. false; sample answer: 3
7. false; sample answer: 0.6 or 0.666 . . .
8. true; key concept of multiplication
Pages 110114
9.
4 32 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
10.
3 2 1
6 5 4 3 2 1
26.
11.
12. 32 0y 3 0 32 08 3 0
32 05 0
32 5
27
13. 3 0x 0 7 3 04 0 7
34 7
12 7
5
14. 4 0z 0 4 09 0
49
13
15. 46 y 0x 0 46 8 04 0
46 8 # 4
46 32
14
16. 4 (4) ( 04 0 04 0 )
(4 4)
0
17. 2 (7) ( 07 0 02 0 )
(7 2)
5
18. 0.8 (1.2) ( 00.8 0 01.2 0 )
(0.8 1.2)
2
19. 3.9 2.5 ( 03.9 0 02.5 0 )
(3.9 2.5)
1.4
1
1 12
5
6
1 12
1 12
1 12
2 2 2
9
22
10
2
5
27.
1
8
1 2 243 11624 2
3
16
24 1 24 2
2
3
16
24 24
1 0 1624 0 0 243 0 2
16
3
1 24 24 2
13
24
28. (11)(9) 99

30. 8.2(4.5) 36.9
32.
3
4
29. 12(3) 36

31. 2.4(3.6) 8.64
1 1 21
12 48
21
33. 3 10 30
10
16
34. 8(3x) 12x 8(3)x 12x

24x 12x
(24 12)x
12x
35. 5(2n) 9n 5(2)n 9n
10n 9n
(10 9)n
1n
n
36. 4(6a) (3)(7a) 4(6)a (3)(7)a
24a 21a
(24 21)a
45a
1 12
2
1
1 0 8 0 0 8 0 2
2
1
18 8 2
2
20. 4 8 8 8
21.
9
2
37.
54
6
38.
74
8
54 6
9
8
1 22
5
2
1 0 6 0 0 6 0 2
5
2
16 6 2
5
3 6 6
(74 8)
9.25
39. 21.8 (2) 10.9
40. 7.8 (6) 1.3
41. 15
6
134 2 15 43
2
60
3
20
57
Chapter 2
42.
21
24
21
52. There is 1 S and 12 total letters.
3 24 1
P(S) 12
63
24

43.
14 28x
7
21
8
0.08
1
The probability of selecting an S is 12 or about 8%.
or 28
(14 28x) (7)
1 12
1
1
14 1 7 2 28x 1 7 2
53. There are 3 Es and 12 total letters.
(14 28x) 7
P(E) 12
1
4 or 0.25
2 (4x)
2 4x
44.
5 25x
5
The probability of selecting an E is
115 2
1
1
5 1 5 2 25x 1 5 2
10
P(not N) 12
5
6
0.83
The probability of selecting a letter that is not
N is 5 or about 83%.
6
55. There are 2 Rs and 1 P. So there are 2
1 or 3 letters that are R or P and 12 total letters.
1 5x
4x 24y
4
(4x 24y) 4
114 2
1
1
4x 1 4 2 24y 1 4 2
(4x 24y)
P(R or P) 1
1x 6y
x 6y
46. xz 2y (4)(3) 2 (2.4)
12 4.8
16.8
47. 2
4 or 0.25
The probability of selecting an R or P is
12yz 2 212 324 2

4.8
2 1 3 2
2x z
4
3y
50
10
39
The odds of selecting a dime are 10:39.
57. There are 90 pennies, and there are 75 50 30
or 155 coins that are not a penny.
90
odds of a penny 155

18
31

2.75 7.2
4.45
Place an above each value for each occurance.
10
15
20
The odds of selecting a penny are 18:31.

58. There are 90 50 30 or 170 coins that are not
a nickel, and there are 75 nickels.
odds of not a nickel
25
170
75
34
15
The odds of selecting a coin that is not a nickel

are 34:15.
59. There are 75 50 or 125 coins that are a nickel
or a dime, and there are 90 30 or 120 coins that
are not a nickel or a dime.

30
The greatest common place value is tens, so the

Stem Leaf
1 222344555566
77778899999
2 01112668
3 0
1 0 2 = 12
50. Sample answer: Mean; the median and mode are
too low.
51. Sample answer: Median; it is closest in value to
most of the data.
Chapter 2
or 25%.
odds of a dime 195
2(4) 3
3(2.4)
4
8 3

7.2
4
11
7.2
4

1
4
56. There are 50 dimes, and there are 90 75 30

or 195 coins that are not a dime.
2(1.6)
3.2
48.
or 25%.
54. There are 10 letters that are not N and 12 total

letters.
(5 25x) 5
(5 25x)
45.
1
4
125
odds of a nickel or a dime 120

25
24
The odds of selecting a coin that is a nickel or a
dime are 25:24.
196 142 S 2196 14
61. ;21.21 represents the positive and negative
square roots of 1.21.
1.21 1.12 and 1.21 (1.1)2
;21.21 ;1.1
58
4. 0x 0 38 02 0 38
2 38
40
5. 34 0x 21 0 34 07 21 0
34 014 0
34 14
20
6. 12 0x 8 0 12 01.5 8 0
12 06.5 0
12 6.5
5.5
7. 19 12 ( 019 0 012 0 )
(19 12)
7
8. 21 (34) 21 (34)
21 34
( 034 0 021 0 )
(34 21)
13
9. 16.4 (23.7) ( 023.7 0 016.4 0 )
(23.7 16.4)
7.3
10. 6.32 (7.41) 6.32 (7.41)
6.32 7.41
13.73
62. 2160 represents the negative square

root of 160.
160 12.652 S 2160 12.65
4
63. ; 3 225 represents the positive and negative

4
4
225

4
1152 22 and 2254 1152 22

2
; 3 225 ; 15
64. Because 16 and 25 are integers and 16 25 0.64

is a terminating decimal, this number is a rational
number.
264
65. Because 2 4, this number is a natural

number, a whole number, an integer, and a
rational number.
66. Because 248.5 6.96419413 . . ., which is
1
for
.
249
1
0.125
8
1
249
0.142857142 . . .
Therefore,
1
8
1
249
33
70. Replace d in
93
3 216
36
3 3.
13. 5(19) 95

15. 96 (0.8) 120
d3
729
3 216
38
20
1 0 21 0 0 2036 0 2
20
21
1 36 36 2
3 216 with 9.
1 20 2
20
21
36 1 36 2
21
36
1 52
21
3 3 0.577350269 p
34
36 36
0.866025403 p
Therefore,
1 0 7 0 0 166 0 2
7
6
1 16 16 2
12. 12 9 36 36
7 9.

3
1
for 3 4 and 3 3.
3
4
16
0.4444444 . . .
Therefore,
16
3 3 0.816496580 . . .
4
9
11. 16 8 16 16

2
4
for 3 3 and 9.
1 12
17. 8 (5) 8 5
1
40
27
14. 56 (7) 8

16. (7.8)(5.6) 43.68
15
15
18. 32 4 32 3

60
96
5
1.84
The worst part of the hurricane will last about
1.8 hours.
8
19. 5(3x) 12x 5(3)x 12x
15x 12x
(15 12)x
27x
20. 7(6h h) 7(6h) 7(h)
7(6)h 7h
42h 7h
(42 7)h
35h
21. 4m(7n) (3d)(4c) 4(7)mn 3(4)dc
28mn (12)dc
28mn 12cd

Page 115
1. absolute value
2. rational
3. sample space
59
Chapter 2
22.
36k
4

74, so use a scale that includes these values.
Place an above each value for each occurance.
36k 4
1
36k 4
36
9k
23.
9a 27
3
114 2k

(9a 27) (3)
1 12
1
1
9a 1 3 2 27 1 3 2
58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74
(9a 27) 3
32. Sample answer: The median and mode can be

used to best represent the data. The mean is too
high.
33. B; There are 7 hard-rock songs and 8 7 5 or
20 total songs.
3a (9)
3a 9
24.
70x 30y
5
(70x 30y) (5)
1 2
1
70x 1 2 30y 1 5 2
(70x 30y)
P(hard-rock) 20 or 0.35
1
5
The probability a hard-rock song will be playing

7
is 20 or 35%.
1
5
14x (6y)
14x (6y)
14x 6y
Pages 116117
64 82 S 264 8
1. B; 518.4 (9 8) 518.4 72
7.2
2. C; 20 in 10 minutes, 40 in 20 minutes, 60 in
30 minutes, 80 in 40 minutes. Extending the
pattern would give 100 in 50 minutes and 120 in
60 minutes.
3. C; The points on the number line show 1, 0, 1,
2, and 3.
4. D; 0 4 0 4
04 0 4
07 0 7
09 0 9
4 6 7 6 9
5. A; 3.8 4.7 ( 04.7 0 03.8 0 )
(4.7 3.8)
0.9
6. D; 3(2m) 7m 3(2)m 7m
6m 7m
(6 7)m
13m
7. D; The least value is 3|1 31.
8. A; 1 box has a prize and 4 1 or 3 boxes do not
have a prize.

3.61 1.92 S 23.61 1.9
16

16
roots of 81.
16
81
149 22 and 8116 149 22
16
; 3 81 ; 9

1
for
.
23
1
23
1
3
0.577350269 p
0.33333333 p
Therefore,
23
7 3.

for
3 2.
3 2 0.7071067812
8
11
0.727272727 p
Therefore,
32
8
.
11
odds of choosing a prize 3

23
for 20.56 and 2 .
The odds of choosing a prize are 1:3.

9. B; 210 3.16
10. The length of the label will be the circumference
of the jar.
2 r 2(3.14)(4)
6.28(4)
25.12
The length of the label is 25.12 cm.
20.56 0.748331477 p
23
2
0.866025403 p
Therefore, 20.56 6
Chapter 2
23
.
2
60
11.
5 1
4 12 3 2
4
12 3 2
4
4 4 2
4
4 8
4
12
1
3
18. D; 49 72 and 49 (7)2 a could be 7 or 7.

19a.
cost per
number
monthly
Total cost 1is
minute 123
times 14243
of minutes 123
plus 14243
fee.
14243
23
14243
4

C

m

y

x
or C my x
19b. For plan A, evaluate my x with m 0.3,
y 150, and x 5.95.
my x 0.3 150 5.95
45 5.95
50.95
For plan B, evaluate my x with m 0.1,
y 150, and x 12.95.
my x 0.1 150 12.95
15 12.95
27.95
For plan C, evaluate my x with m 0.08,
y 150, and x 19.99.
my x 0.08 150 19.99
12 19.99
31.99
Plan B is the least expensive.
20a. Without a key, you cannot determine what the
values are.
20b. If the key is 3 02 3.2, then the data are ten
times as great as they would be if the key is
3 02 0.32.
12. Replace m in 4m 3 9 with each value in the

replacement set.
4m 3 9
4 0 3 9 S 3 9
42 3 9S5 9
43 3 9S9 9
4 5 3 9 S 17 9
m
0
2
3
5
True or False?
false
false
true
false
The solution of 4m 3 9 is 3.
three times the
2p
plus
difference
of m and n
123 123 1444424443
2p
3 (m n)
or 2p 3(m n)
14. Hypothesis; 3x 3 7 24
15. C; x is x units from zero, and x is x units away
from zero.
0x 0 0x 0
16. B; y 6 x
1
1
y 6 x xy
xy
13.
1
x
1
y
17. A; n 7 1
1
nn 7 1n
1 7 n
61
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Page 119
Solving Linear Equations

16. The base is 300, and the part is 21. Let p
represent the percent.
Getting Started
1. Greater than implies add, and half of implies

1
multiply by 2. So, the expression can be written as
1
t 5.
2
a
b
21
300
2. Product implies multiply, and divided by implies

divide. So, the expression can be written as
7s 8y.
3. Sum implies add, times implies multiply, and
square implies raise to the second power. So, the
expression can be written as 3a b2.
4. Decreased by implies subtract, so the expression
can be written as w5 37.
5. Times implies multiply, and subtracted from
implies subtract. So, the expression can be
written as 95 9y.
6. Sum implies add, and divided by implies divide.
So, the expression can be written as (r 6) 12.
12
4
7. 3 6
18
2 6 4
2

2100
300
19 5
7
a
b
15
5
14
7
1500
5
12
4
a
b
12
60
1200
60
a
b
16
10
1600
10
100
p
100
60p
60
100
p
100
10p
10
160 p
Sixteen is 160% of 10.
20. The base is 50, and the part is 37.5. Let p
a
b
37.5
50
100
100
p
100
37.5(100) 50p
3750 50p
100
5(100) 20p
500 20p
3750
50
50p
50
75 p
Thirty-seven and one half is 75% of 50.
20p
20
25 p
Five is 25% of 20.
Chapter 3
5p
5
16(100) 10p
1600 10p
3
0
15. The base is 20, and the part is 5. Let p represent
the percent.
20 p
Twelve is 20% of 60.
the percent.
500
20
100
12(100) 60p
1200 60p
14. 4 (24) 2 (12) 6 6
a
b
5
20
100
300 p
Fifteen is 300% of 5.
the percent.
23
5
1
300p
300
15(100) 5p
1500 5p
12 4
2
8
2
3
7p
Twenty-one is 7% of 300.
the percent.
4
11. (25 4) (22 1) 21 (4 1)
21 3
7
12. 36 4 2 3 9 2 3
73
10
13.
100
21(100) 300p
2100 300p
18 3
15
8. 5(13 7) 22 5(6) 22
30 22
8
9. 5(7 2) 32 5(5) 32
5(5) 9
25 9
16
10.
100
62
5.
the sum of is the

Five times m and n same as seven times n.
123 123 14243 1
424
3 123 123 {
5

(m n)

7

n
The equation is 5(m n) 7n.
6. Words: Area equals one half times the base
times the height.
Variables: Let A area, b base, and h height.
Writing Equations
3-1
Page 122
Algebra Activity
1. The area of the front is the product of the length

and the height or lh.
2. The area of the back is the product of the length
and the height or lh.
3. The area of one side is the product of the width
and the height or wh.
4. The area of the other side is the product of the
width and the height or wh.
5. The area of the top is the product of the length
and the width or lw.
6. The area of the bottom is the product of the
length and the width or lw.
surface area is
7. The
the sum of the areas of the faces.
1
4444244
443 { 1444444442444444443

one
the
the
Area
half
base
height.
1
23 equals
123 1
23 times
123 1
23 times
123 123
Formula:
Circumference equals the product of

two, pi, and the radius.
Variables: Let C circumference and r radius.
Circumference
1442443
Fourteen
9.
1
b
3
{
plus
equals
3
4
{
six times d.
2a
{
One-third of b minus three-fourths equals two times a.
10. Sample answer: The original cost of a suit is c.

After a $25 discount, the suit costs $150. What is
the original cost of the suit?
Darius
number of pounds
11.
current
weight
14
442444
3
155
plus
1
23
he wants
to gain
144
442444
43
g
equals
1
4243

160.
123
160
The equation is 155 g 160.

12. 155 g 160
Find g mentally by asking, What number added
to 155 equals 160?
g5
Darius needs to gain 5 pounds to reach his goal.
Pages 124126
13.
Two
hundred
1
4
44
244
43
200
Practice and Apply

minus
123
three
123
3
times
123

is equal to
14
424
43

nine.
123
9
The equation is 200 3x 9.

14. Rewrite the sentence so it is easier to translate.
Twice
plus
three
times
s 1
is44244
identical to
1
424
3r 12
3 1
23 1
23 {
3 thirteen.
1
424
3
2r

3

s

13
The equation is 2r 3s 13.

One-third
q 1
plus
is44244
as much as
q.
1
4424
43
23 25
{
1
3 twice
1
424
3
30

w
or 30w
2d. No; 1900 52(30) 3460, which is less than
3500.
3. Sample answer: After sixteen people joined the
drama club, there were 30 members. How many
members did the club have before the new
members?
4. 1
Two
t decreased
23 times
123 {
14
4244by
3 eight
123 equals
123 seventy.
14243
the product of two,

pi, and the radius.
144424443
equals
123
Formula:
C

2r
The formula for the circumference of a circle is
C 2r.
8.
14

d

6d
{
{
{
{
{
lh lh wh wh lw lw
30

10
30 . 10 300
money
number
per
week
times
of
weeks
14243 123 14
243
30

20
30 . 20 600
She will add $300 in 10 weeks and $600 in
20 weeks.
2c. money
number
per
week
times
of
weeks
14243 123 14
243
7. Words:
1. Explore the problem, plan the solution, solve the

problem, and examine the solution.
2a. Misae has $1900 in her account at the
beginning.
2b. money
number
per
week
times
of
weeks
14243 123 14
243
The formula for the area of a triangle is A 2 bh.
or S 2lh 2wh 2lw

8. If s represents the length of the side of a cube,
then the surface area is given by S 2lh 2wh
2lw with l s, h s, and w s.
S 2lh 2wh 2lw
2s s 2s s 2s s
2s2 2s2 2s2
6s2
The surface area is given by S 6s2.
Page 123
1
2
1
q
3
The equation is
1
q
3
25
2q
25 2q.
16. 14
The44244
square of
m 123
minus the
cube 43
of n is
sixteen.
{ 1
4243
43
14
424
2
3

n

16
m
The equation is m2 n3 16.
70
The equation is 2t 8 70.
63
Chapter 3
Volume equals the product of , the

square of the radius of the base, and
the height.
Variables: Let V volume, r radius of base,
and h height.
17.
the sum of is equal

Two
times
v and w 1
to43 1
two
z.
123 123 14243
42
23 times
123 {
2

(v w)

2
z
The equation is 2(v w) 2z.
18.
the sum of is the
Half
of
nine and p same as p minus three.
123 { 14243
1
424
3 { 123 123
1

(9

p)

p

3
2
26. Words:
the square of the

the
Volume
times radius of the base times height.
1
424
3 equals
123
{ 123 14
4424443 123 123
2
Formula: V

r

h
The formula for the volume of a cylinder is
V r2h.
27. Words:
The square of the measure of the
hypotenuse is the square of the
measure of one leg plus the square of
the measure of the other leg.
Variables: Let c measure of hypotenuse,
a measure of one leg, and
b measure of other leg.
Formula:
The equation is 2(9 p) p 3.

The
divided
the
is the
twice the
number
g 1
by 3 number
h same
as
sum of g and h plus seven.
14243
424
14243
1
424
3 1442443
123 123
2(g h)
The equation is g h 2(g h) 7.

the square of the
the square
the square
Five-ninths times sum of a, b, and c equals
of a
plus
of c.
14243 123 144424443 123 14243 123 14243
5
9
(a b c)2
a2
c2
The square of the

the square of the
the square of the
measure
of the hypotenuse
measure
of one43
leg 1
plus
of the other leg.
144
44424444
43 is
{1
444244
23 measure
14444244443
The equation is 9(a b c)2 a2 c2.
c2

The Pacific
Ocean
46%
Earth.
{ 1
23 of
{ 123
144
42444
3 is
This formula for a right triangle is c a2 b2.

28. Words:
Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit
is nine-fifths of the degrees Celsius
plus thirty-two.
Variables: Let F degrees Fahrenheit and
C degrees Celsius.
Temperature in
the degrees
degrees Fahrenheit is nine-fifths of Celsius plus thirty-two.
144424443 { 14243 { 14243 123 14243
Formula:
d
30.
32.
minus
2f
{
k2
fourteen
6
{
equals

{
five.
19
{
equals
nineteen.
2a
{
3
p
4
{
six
17
Two times a
33.
plus
k squared plus
32.

{
34.
2
w
5{
53
seventeen equals fifty-three minus j.
7a
{
equals
Three-fourths of p plus
(B h)
14
{
Two times f
31.
The formula for the volume of a pyramid is

1
V 3Bh.
seven times a
1
2
{
one-half
1
w
2{
minus b.

equals p.
Two-fifths times w equals one-half times w plus three.

35. 7(m
n)

10n

17
1
424
3
{
1
23
{
{
Seven times
equals
ten
plus seventeen.
the sum of m and n
times n
36. 4(t s)

5s

12
{
{
{
{
123
Four times the
equals five times s plus twelve.
quantity t minus s
25. Words:
Perimeter is twice the sum of the

lengths of the two adjacent sides.
Variables: Let P perimeter, a one side, and
b an adjacent side.
the sum of the lengths
Perimeter is two times of the two adjacent sides.
44424444
43
14243 { 123 123 144
Formula:
P 2
(a b)
The formula for the perimeter of a parallelogram
is P 2(a b).
Chapter 3
29. {
d
the product of the area

Volume
is one-third
the44424444
base and its height.
14243 times
123 of
144
43
123 {
1
3
9
5
The formula for temperature in degrees Fahrenheit

9
is F 5C 32.
Formula:
A
b

h
The formula for the area of a parallelogram is
A bh.
24. Words:
Volume is one-third times the
product of the area of the base and
its height.
Variables: Let V volume, B area of base,
and h height.
V
b2
P
0.46 E
The equation is P 0.46E.
The cost
number
per
yard
times
of
yards
plus
3.50
equals 73.50.
14243 123 1
424
31
23 1
23 123
123
1.75

f
3.50

73.50
The equation is 1.75f 3.50 73.50.
23. Words:
Area is the base times the height.
Variables: Let A area, b base, and h
height.
Area
the
base
times
the height.
1
23 is
{ 1
424
3 1
23 14243
Formula:
a2
64
Plan:
37. A 2h (a b)
Write the formula for the volume of

a sphere.
The area A of a trapezoid equals one-half times

the product of the height h and the sum of the
bases, a and b.
38.
rt

d
{
The
fourVolume
is thirds times
1
424
3 {
123 123
Rate times time equals distance.

39. Sample answer: Lindsey is 7 inches taller than
Yolanda. If 2 times Yolandas height plus
Lindseys height equals 193 inches, find Yolandas
height.
40. Sample answer: The price of a new backpack is p
dollars and the tax on the backpack is 0.055p. If
the total cost of the backpack and the tax is
$31.65, what is the price of the backpack?
41. Words:
Volume equals one-third times the
product of , the square of the
radius of the base, and the height.
Variables: Let V volume, r radius of base,
and h height.
Solve:

1
3
r2
h
1
Solve:
1
3
1912
V 3r2h
1
3 (10)2(30)
1
3 (100)(30)
11003 2(30)
1000
3141.6
Examine: The volume of a cone with r 10 and
h 30 is about 3142 cm3.
43. Words:
Volume is four-thirds times times
the radius of the sphere cubed.
Variables: Let V volume and r radius of
sphere.
Formula:
fourVolume is thirds times

1
424
3 { 123 123
4
V 3

r3
1928
a

(4a 15)
60
The equation is a (4a 15) 60.
50. Find the solution for a (4a 15) 60. Start by
letting a 10 and then adjust values up or down
as needed.
a
a (4a 15) 60
?
10 10 (4 10 15) 60 S 65 60

{
times
123
the radius
of the
sphere
cubed.
14243
r3
The formula for the volume of a sphere is V 3r3.

44. Explore:
4
r3
3
4
(4)3
3
4
(64)
3
4
(64)
3
256

3
4

a

15
The expression is 4a 15.
The advertising
15 more than 4 times
portion
plus
advertising portion {
is {
60.
1442443
1
23 the
14444244443
3 (100)(30)

times
123
The equation is 1912 y 1928.

47. 1912 y 1928
Ask yourself, What number added to 1912 equals
1928?
y 16
There were 16 years between the first Tarzan
story and the naming of the town.
48. Rewrite the phrase so it is easier to translate.
the advertising
Four
times
portion
plus
1
23
1
23 1442443
1
23 15
{
(r2h)
The year Tarzan

the number of years before
the year the
was published plus
the town was renamed
equals town was renamed.
1
4442444
3 123 1444442444443 123 144424443
42. Explore: You know the formula for the volume

of a cone. You need to evaluate the
formula with r 10 and h 30.
Plan:
Write the formula for the volume of a
cone.
the product of
, the square
The
volume
equals 1
one-third
times 14
of 424
r, and43
h.
14
4244
3 123
4243 123

1912

y
The expression is 1912 y.
The formula for the volume of a cone is V 3 r2h.
268.1
The volume of a sphere with r 4
is about 268 in3.
45. Rewrite the phrase so it is easier to translate.
the number of years
The year Tarzan
before the town was
was
first
published
plus
named Tarzana
144424443 123 144424443
the square of the

the
Volume equals one-third times times radius of the base times height.
1
424
3 123 14243 123 { 123 14444244443 123 123

4
3
Examine:
Formula:
V
the radius
of the
sphere
cubed.
14243
5 (4 5 15) 60 S 40 60
7 (4 7 15) 60 S 50 60
?
?
8 (4 8 15) 60 S 55 60
?
9 (4 9 15) 60 S 60 60
Reasonable?
too high
too low
too low
almost
true
The solution of a (4a 15) 60 is 9. Therefore,

9 minutes were spent on advertising.
You know the formula for the volume

of a sphere. You need to evaluate the
formula with r 4.
65
Chapter 3
63. 12d 3 4d 12d 4d 3

(12d 4d) 3
(12 4)d 3
8d 3
2
64. 7t t 8t 7t2 (t 8t)
7t2 (1 8)t
7t2 9t
65. 3(a 2b) 5a 3(a) 3(2b) 5a
3a 6b 5a
3a 5a 6b
(3a 5a) 6b
(3 5)a 6b
8a 6b
66. 5(8 3) 7 2 5(5) 7 2
25 14
39
67. 6(43 22) 6(64 4)
6(68)
408
68. 7(0.2 0.5) 0.6 7(0.7) 0.6
4.9 0.6
4.3
69. 1
70. 1
0.57
5.67
2.80
3.70
9.37
3.37
71. 4
72. 8 9
5.128
9.010
3. 4 0
7.3 5
1. 8 8
1.6 5
52. Words:
Surface area is the sum of the area

of the faces.
Variables: Let S surface area, a length of
the sides of an equilateral triangle,
and h height of a prism. The
height of the equilateral triangle is
a 23
given by 2 .
Surface
area of
area of
area
is
three
times
a
side
plus
two
times
a
base.
1
4243 { 123 123 123 123 123 123 123
Formula:
1 a 23
S
3

ah

2
2a 2
The formula for the surface area of this
a2 23
triangular prism is S 3ah 2 .

53. Equations can be used to describe the
relationships of the heights of various parts of a
structure. Answers should include the following.
The equation representing the Sears Tower is
1454 a 1707.
54. B;
a
the
One-fourth of
number
plus
five
equals
number
minus 123
seven.
14243
{ 1
424
3 1
23 1
231
424
31
424
3 123
1
4
The equation is
1
n
4

{
55. D;{
7
Seven
times
Page 126
5 n 7.
(x y)
123
the sum of x and y
35
{
equals
35.
56. 28100 represents the positive square root of

8100.
8100 902 S 28100 90
25
57. 3 36 represents the negative square root of

25
36
156 22 S 3 2536 56
73.
2
3
10
5 15 15
74.
1
6
13
75.
7
9
15
25
.
36
366
6
399
76.
3
4
6 12 12
7
12
9

90 9.492 S 290 9.49
Page 127
Algebra Activity
(Preview of Lesson 32)

1. Step 1
55 7.422 S 155 7.42

60. There is 1 six and 6 total outcomes.
Model the equation.
P(6) 6
0.17
The probability of rolling a 6 is
1
1
6
1
or about 17%.
1
61. There are 3 even numbers and 6 total outcomes.

P(an even number)

3
6
1
2
1
1
or 0.5
1
1
1
1
1
x57
x 5 (5) 7 (5)
Place 1 x tile and 5 positive 1 tiles on one side of
the mat. Place 7 positive 1 tiles on the other side
of the mat. Then add 5 negative 1 tiles to each
side.
The probability of rolling an even number is 2 or

50%.
62. There are 4 numbers greater than two and 6 total
outcomes.
4
P(a number greater than 2) 6

2
3
The probability of rolling a number greater than
2
2 is 3.
Chapter 3
66
Step 2

the mat. Place 27 positive 1 tiles on the other
side of the mat. Then add 4 negative 1 tiles to
each side.
Step 2 Isolate the x term.
Isolate the x term.
x
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
x2
1
1

1
Group the tiles to form zero pairs. Then remove

all the zero pairs. The resulting equation is x 2.
2. Step 1 Model the equation.
1
1
x
1 1 1
x (2) 28
x (2) 2 28 2
Place 1 x tile and 2 negative 1 tiles on one side of
of the mat. Then add 2 positive 1 tiles to each side.
1
x 23
x (3) 4
x (3) 3 4 3
Place 1 x tile and 3 negative 1 tiles on one side of
of the mat. Then add 3 positive 1 tiles to each side.
\
x
x 30
x7
x
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
x 4 27
x 4 (4) 27 (4)
67
Chapter 3
5. Step 1
Group the tiles to form zero pairs. Then remove all

the zero pairs. The resulting equation is x 5.
7. You can model the equation a b by putting an a
tile on one side of the mat, and putting a b tile on
the other side of the mat. You can add a c tile to
each side of the mat. The resulting equation
would be a c b c.
8. You can model the equation a b by putting an a
tile on one side of the mat, and putting a b tile on
the other side of the mat. You can add a negative
c tile to each side of the mat. The resulting
equation would be a (c) b (c)
or a c b c.
Model the equation.
x
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
x 3 4
x 3 (3) 4 (3)
the mat. Place 4 negative 1 tiles on the other side
of the mat. Then add 3 negative 1 tiles to each side.
3-2
Page 131
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Group the tiles to form zero pairs. Then remove all

the zero pairs. The resulting equation is x 7.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
x72
x 7 (7) 2 (7)
the mat. Place 2 positive 1 tiles on the other side of
the mat. Then add 7 negative 1 tiles to each side.
x
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
x 5
Chapter 3
1. Sample answers: n 13, n 16 29, n 12 25

2. The Addition Property of Equality and the
Subtraction Property of Equality can both be
used to solve equations. The Addition Property
of Equality says you can add the same number
to each side of an equation. The Subtraction
Property of Equality says you can subtract the
same number from each side of an equation.
Since subtracting a number is the same as
adding its inverse, either property can be used
to solve any addition equation or subtraction
equation.
3. (1) Add 94 to each side.
g 94 (94) 75 (94)
g 19
(2) Subtract 94 from each side.
g 94 94 75 94
g 19
4.
t 4 7
t 4 4 7 4
t 3
t 4 7
Check:
?
3 4 7
7 7
The solution is 3.
5.
p 19 6
p 19 19 6 19
p 13
p 19 6
Check:
?
13 19 6
66
The solution is 13.
6.
15 r 71
15 r 15 71 15
r 56
15 r 71
Check:
?
15 56 71
71 71
The solution is 56.
x 7
1
Solving Equations by Using

Addition and Subtraction
68
104 y 67
104 67 y 67 67
171 y
Check:
104 y 67
?
104 171 67
104 104
The solution is 171.
8.
h 0.78 2.65
h 0.78 0.78 2.65 0.78
h 3.43
h 0.78 2.65
Check:
?
3.43 0.78 2.65
2.65 2.65
14. The average

time
in Europe
1442443
the average
minus
time
in Japan
123 14424
43
35.5

16.8
35.5 16.8 18.7
The difference is 18.7 hours.
7.
2
3
9.
2
3
Pages 132134
w 12
2
w 3 12 3
5
w6
2
w
3
2
5 ?
6
3
1
12
5
solution is 6.
Check:
The
12
1
12
1
12
10. 1
A4
number
minus
twenty-one
42443
1
424
3
1
442443
n

21
n 21 8
n 21 21 8 21
n 13
n 21 8
Check:
?
13 21 8
8 8
The solution is 13.
11. 1
A4
number
increased
by
37
42443 1
4442444
3
1
23
is
123

8.
1
23
8
is
91.
{
123
n

37

91
n (37) 91
n (37) 37 91 37
n 54
Check:
n (37) 91
?
54 (37) 91
91 91
The solution is 54.
12. Words: The average time in Japan plus 8.1
equals the average time in the United
States.
Variable: Let / the average time in Japan.
The average
the average
time
in
Japan
plus
8.1
equals
time
in the U.S.
1442443 123123 123 1442443
Equation:
/
8.1

13.
/ 8.1 24.9
/ 8.1 8.1 24.9 8.1
/ 16.8
The average time is 16.8 hours.
Practice and Apply
15.
9 14
9 9 14 9
23
9 14
Check:
?
23 9 14
14 14
The solution is 23.
16.
s 19 34
s 19 19 34 19
s 15
s 19 34
Check:
?
15 19 34
34 34
The solution is 15.
17.
g 5 33
g 5 5 33 5
g 28
Check:
g 5 33
?
28 5 33
33 33
The solution is 28.
18.
18 z 44
18 z 18 44 18
z 26
18 z 44
Check:
?
18 26 44
44 44
The solution is 26.
19.
a 55 17
a 55 55 17 55
a 38
a 55 17
Check:
?
38 55 17
17 17
The solution is 38.
20.
t 72 44
t 72 72 44 72
t 28
Check:
t 72 44
?
28 72 44
44 44
The solution is 28.
21.
18 61 d
18 61 61 d 61
43 d
18 61 d
Check:
?
18 61 43
18 18
The solution is 43.
24.9
69
Chapter 3
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
6 m (3.42)
6 3.42 m (3.42) 3.42
2.58 m
6 m (3.42)
Check:
?
6 2.58 (3.42)
6 6
30.
6.2 4.83 y
6.2 4.83 4.83 y 4.83
11.03 y
6.2 4.83 y
Check:
?
6.2 4.83 11.03
6.2 6.2
31.
t 8.5 7.15
t 8.5 8.5 7.15 8.5
t 15.65
Check:
t 8.5 7.15
?
15.65 8.5 7.15
7.15 7.15
32.
q 2.78 4.2
q 2.78 2.78 4.2 2.78
q 6.98
q 2.78 4.2
Check:
?
6.98 2.78 4.2
4.2 4.2
25 150 q
25 150 150 q 150
125 q
25 150 q
Check:
?
25 150 125
25 25
r (19) 77
r 19 77
r 19 19 77 19
r 96
r (19) 77
Check:
?
96 (19) 77
77 77
The solution is 96.
b (65) 15
b 65 15
b 65 65 15 65
b 50
Check:
b (65) 15
?
50 (65) 15
15 15
The solution is 50.
18 (f ) 91
18 f 91
18 f 18 91 18
f 73
18 (f ) 91
Check:
?
18 (73) 91
91 91
The solution is 73.
125 (u) 88
125 u 88
125 u 125 88 125
u 37
125 (u) 88
Check:
?
125 [(37) ] 88
88 88
The solution is 37.
2.56 c 0.89
2.56 c 2.56 0.89 2.56
c 3.45
Check:
2.56 c 0.89
?
2.56 3.45 0.89
0.89 0.89
k 0.6 3.84
k 0.6 0.6 3.84 0.6
k 4.44
k 0.6 3.84
Check:
?
4.44 0.6 3.84
3.84 3.84
Chapter 3
29.
33.
x46
3
x4464
7
x 112
Check:
x46
3 ? 5
6
5
5

6
6
7
3
7
a 5 10
3
3
7
3
a 5 5 10 5
1
a 10
3
7
Check:
a 5 10
1
3 ?
7
10 5 10
7
7
10 10
1
The solution is 10.
1
5
2 p 8
1
1
5
1
2 p 2 8 2
1
p 18
1
5
Check:
2 p 8
1
1 ? 5
2 18 8
5
5
8
8
1
The solution is 18.
7
112 4
34.
35.
70
2
3
36.
2
3
43.
A
number
eighteen
equals 31.
1424
3 minus
1231
424
3 123
{
Equation:
n

18
31
n 18 31
n 18 18 31 18
n 49
n 18 31
Check:
?
49 18 31
31 31
The solution is 49.
44.
What
number
equals
18?
14442
4443 decreased
14
44244
4by
3 77
{ 1
424
31
23
r 9
2
r 3 9 3
1
r 19
2
3
Check:
2
3
r 9
1
19 9
4
9 9
1
The solution is 19.

37.
2
3
2
4
5
3
2
15
v5
4
38.
4
v55
v
2
4
Check:
v5
3
2 ?
2
4
15 5
3
2
2
3
3
2
The solution is 15.
2
5
2
3
4
5
7
20
w4
3

77
18
n 77 18
n 77 77 18 77
n 59
n 77 18
Check:
?
59 77 18
18 18
The solution is 59.
45.
A
number
increased
by
16
21.
1424
3 14
4244
31
23 is
{ 1
23
Equation:
n

(16) 21
n (16) 21
n (16) 16 21 16
n 5
Check:
n (16) 21
?
5 (16) 21
21 21
The solution is 5.
46.
A
number
plus
43
is 1
102.
23
14
243 1
23 1
23 {
Equation: n
w44
w
2
3
w4
5
2 ?
7
3
20 4
5
2
2
5
5
7
solution is 20.
Check:
The
39. First, solve x 7 14.

x 7 14
x 7 7 14 7
x 21
Now, replace x in x 2 with 21.
x 2 21 2
19
The value is 19.
40. First, solve t 8 12.
t 8 12
t 8 8 12 8
t 20
Now, replace t in t 1 with 20.
t 1 20 1
19
The value is 19.
41.
The
length
of the rectangle
1444
4424444
43 is 78.
{
n
(43) 102
n (43) 102
n (43) 43 102 43
n 145
Check:
n (43) 102
?
145 (43) 102
102 102
Equation:
x 55
78
x 55 78
x 55 55 78 55
x 23
x 55 78
Check:
?
23 55 78
78 78
The solution is 23.
42.
The
width of the rectangle
144444244444
3 is 24.
Equation:
y 17
y 17 24
y 17 17 24 17
y 41
y 17 24
Check:
?
41 17 24
24 24
The solution is 41.
Equation:
47.
What
number
minus
1
424
3 123
Equation:
one- is equal
half
to 3
1
23 1424
1
2
negative
three-fourth?
1
442443
3
4
n 2 4
1
n 2 2 4 2
1
n 4
Check:
{ {
1 ?
n 2 4
1
4 2 4
24
4 4
1
The solution is 4.
71
Chapter 3
58. Words:
The number of volumes at Harvard

University plus the difference equals
the number of volumes at the Library
of Congress.
Variable: Let x the difference in volumes
between the two libraries.
48.
is equal
19 plus 42 plus a number
to
87.
{ 1
23 { 123 14
4244
3 14
4244
3 {
Equation:19 42
n

87
19 42 n 87
61 n 87
61 n 61 87 61
n 26
Check:
19 42 n 87
?
19 42 26 87
87 87
The solution is 26.
49. Sometimes; if x 0, x x x is true.
50. Always; any number plus 0 is always the number.
51. Words:
The miles per gallon of a luxury car
plus 10 equals the miles per gallon of
a midsize car.
Variable: Let the miles per gallon of a
luxury car.
The miles per gallon
of a luxury car
plus
equals
144424443
1
23 10
{
123
The number of volumes

the
the number of volumes at
at Harvard University plus difference equals the Library of Congress.
14444244443 123 14243 123 1444442444443
Equation: 13.6
x

24.0
13.6 x 24.0
13.6 x 13.6 24.0 13.6
x 10.4
The Library of Congress has 10.4 million volumes
more.
59. Words:
The number of volumes at New York
Public plus the difference equals the
number of volumes at Harvard
University.
the miles per gallon

of a midsize car.
144424443
Equation:
10
34
The equation is 10 34.
/ 10 34
52.
/ 10 10 34 10
/ 24
A luxury car travels 24 miles on a gallon of gasoline.
53. The miles per gallon
of
a subcompact car
144424443
x
is
{

of a luxury car
144424443
24
plus
123
13.
{
13
37

34
37 34 3
A subcompact car travels 3 miles more.
55. Sample answer: 29 miles; 29 is the average of 24
(for the 8-cylinder engine) and 34 (for the 4-cylinder
engine).
56. Words:
The height of the Great Pyramid plus
the amount of decrease equals the
original height.
Variable: Let d the amount of decrease.
the amount
plus
of4decrease
1
23 1
42443
Equation: 450

d
The equation is 450 d 481
57.
450 d 481
450 d 450 481 450
d 31
The decrease in height is 31 ft.
Chapter 3
equals
123
The number
of volumes at
the
New York Public 1
plus
difference
144424443
23 14243
the number
of volumes at the
equals Library
of Congress.
123
144424443
Equation: 11.4
x

24.0
11.4 x 24.0
11.4 x 11.4 24.0 11.4
x 12.6
The Library of Congress has 12.6 million volumes
more.
61. Words:
The total number of volumes is equal
to the sum of the volumes at the
Library of Congress, Harvard
University, and New York Public.
Variable: Let x the total number of volumes.
the original
equals
123
the number
of volumes at
Harvard
University.
144424443
Equation: 11.4
x

13.6
11.4 x 13.6
11.4 x 11.4 13.6 11.4
x 2.2
Harvard University has 2.2 million volumes more.
60. Words:
The number of volumes at New York
Public plus the difference equals the
number of volumes at the Library of
Congress.
x 24 13
x 37
A subcompact car travels 37 miles on a gallon of
gasoline.
54. The miles per gallon
of
a
subcompact
car
minus
of a midsize car
144424443 123 144424443
The height of the

Great Pyramid
144424443
The number
of volumes at
the
New York Public 1
plus
difference
144424443
23 14243
height.
14
42443
The total
volumes at
volumes at
volumes at
number
is
Lib.
of
C.
plus
Harvard
plus
NY Public.
14243 { 14243 123 14243 123 14243
481
Equation: x 24.0

13.6

11.4
x 24.0 13.6 11.4
x 49
The total number of volumes at the three largest
U.S. libraries is 49 million.
72
68. A;
x 167 52
x 167 167 52 167
x 115
62. Words:
The number of one-year olds plus the

difference equals the number of
newborns.
Variable: Let x the difference between the
number of one-year olds and
newborns.
The number of
the
one-year olds 1
plus
1442443
23 difference
14243 equals
123
Page 134
69. Words:
Area is times the radius squared.
Variables: Let A area and r radius.
the number of
newborns.
1442443
Equation: (679 634)

x
(1379 1286)
679 634 x 1379 1286
1313 x 2665
1313 x 1313 2665 1313
x 1352
There are 1352 more newborns.
63. Words:
The number of males plus the
difference equals the number of
females.
Variable: Let x the difference between the
number of males and females.
Area
1
23
is
times
123
the radius squared.

144424443
Formula:
A

r2
The formula for the area of a circle is A r2.
70. Replace r in r2 with 16.
r2 (16)2
(256)
804.2
The area is about 804 in2.
for 22.
1
2
The number
the
the number
of4males
plus
difference
equals 1
of4females.
14
2443 1
23 1
442443 123
42443
0.5
22 1.41421356 p
Equation: (1379 679

x
(1286
1707)
634 3714)
1379 679 1707 x 1286 634 3714
3765 x 5634
3765 x 3765 5634 3765
x 1869
There are 1869 more females.
64. Words:
The total population is equal to the
sum of the number of newborns,
one-year olds, and adults.
Variable: Let t the total population.
Therefore,
1
2
6 22.

2
for 3.
3
4
2
3
0.75
0.66666666 p
Therefore,
3
4
7 3.
3
73. You can use a calculator to find the value of 8.

3
8
The total
the number of
the number of
the number
population is newborns
plus one-year olds plus of adults.
14243
{ 14424431
23 1442443 123 14243
0.375
3
Therefore, 0.375 8.
Equation:
t (1379 1286) (679 634) (1707 3714)
t 1379 1286 679 634 1707 3714
t 9399
The total deer population is 9399.
65. If a b x, then a b x. If a x b x, then
by the transitive property a a x. If a a x,
then x 0. If x 0, then a x b x implies
a b. Therefore, if a b x, then a b and
x 0 would make a x b x true.
66. Equations can be used to describe the
relationships of growth and decline in job
opportunities. Answer should include the
following.
To solve the equation, add 66 to each side. The
solution is m 71.
An example such as The percent increase in
growth for paralegals is 16 more than the
percent increase in growth for detectives. If
the growth rate for paralegals is 86%, what is
the growth rate for detectives? d 16 86;
70%
67. C;
b 15 32
b 15 2 32 2
b 13 34

Stem
Leaf
3
12456
4
0123
5
246
3 01 31
75. The greatest common place value is ones, so the
Stem
Leaf
0
58
1
1247
2
3689
3
4
15
0 05 0.5
76. Hypothesis: y 2
Conclusion: 4y 6 2
77. Hypothesis: it is Friday
Conclusion: there will be a science quiz
78. 4(16 42) 4(16 16) Substitution; 42 16
4(1)
4
Multiplicative
Identity; 4 1
4
73
Chapter 3
4. 2g 84
79. (25 52) (42 24) (32 25) (16 16)

Substitution
7 0 Substitution
7
Additive Identity
80. Replace x in 3x 2
replacement set.
3x 2 2
30 2 7 2S2 2
true
true
31 2 7 2S5 7 2
32 2 7 2S8 7 2
2y2 1 0
True or False?
true
2(1)2 1 7 0 S 1 7 0
2(3)2 1 7 0 S 17 7 0
2(5)2 1 7 0 S 49 7 0
true
true
14
84.
t 35
2
3
85.
8 38
87.
5
9
6.
36
88.
2
5

1
2
5
4
8
9
4
15

14

7.
9
1 2 36149 2
a
4
9
36
16 ? 4
9
36
4
4
9
9
Solving Equations by Using

Multiplication and Division
Page 138
12
9
4
12
1 2
8. 3.15 1.5y
3.15
1.5
8 15

9 4
120
36
10
3
1
33
3-3
4
k
5
5 4
k
4 5
5 8
9
40
10
k 36 or 9
1
k 19
4
8
Check:
k9
5
4 1 ? 8
1 9
5 9
8
8
9
9
1
The solution is 19.
1.5y
1.5
2.1 y
Check:
3.15 1.5y
?
3.15 1.5(2.1)
3.15 3.15
9.
1314 2p 212
1134 2p 52
4 5
4 13
p 13 1 2 2
13 1 4 2
20
10
p 26 or 13
1. Sample answer: 4x 12

2. Dividing each side of an equation by a number is
the same as multiplying each side of the equation
by the numbers reciprocal.
3. Juanita; to find an equivalent equation with
1n on one side of the equation, you must divide
1
each side by 8 or multiply each side by 8.
Chapter 3
5
The solution is 16.
89.
a
36
a
36
Check:
6
5
2
5
a 16
10 9 10
12
1
2
t

7
35 ?

7
5 5
The solution is 35.
7 0.3
0.1 5
35 1 5
70 3
10.5 4 5
0.22
1.50.3
30

30
30
30
0
86.
17t 2 7(5)
83.
6 .5
2 .8
52 0
13 0
18.2 0
7.12
2.5
17.8
00

17 5
30
25
50
50
0
5
Check:
The solution set for 2y2 1

0 is {1, 3, 5}.
82.
t
7
5.
The solution set for 3x 2

2 is {1, 2}.
81. Replace y in 2y2 1
replacement set.
y
84
2
2(42) 84
84 84
The solution is 42.
false
g 42
Check:
2g 84
True or False?
2g
2
Check:
1314 2p 212
?
1314 211013 2 212
1
22 22
The solution is
74
10
.
13
16. 1634 86s
120.
Five times a number is 1
10. 123
123 14243 { 23
5
n
120

5n 120
5n
5
1634
86
17.
12
24
The discharge
the
the
of a river
is width times depth times
144424443 { 123 123 123 123
Equation: 3198
533
d
3198 533 d (0.6)
3198 533(0.6)d
3198 319.8 d
3198
319.8
11
1 v2
v 225
v
5 45
Check:
225 ?

5
319.8d
319.8
45
45 45
19.
Practice and Apply
2
n
3
3 2
n
2 3
12
14
3
2 (14)
n 21
2
n
3
Check:
2
3
55
14
1212 14
?
14 14
The solution is 21.
r 11
5r 55
Check:
?
20.
5(11) 55
55 55
The solution is 11.
14. 8d 48
2
g
5
5 2
g
2 5
12
14
5
g 35
2
g
5
2
5
d6
Check:
2 14
Check:
48
8
14
1352 14
?
14 14
The solution is 35.
8d 48
?
8(6) 48
48 48
The solution is 6.
15. 910 26a

11
5 5 5(45)
0.6
5
910
26
b

7
77 ?

7
5 45
18.
the
speed.
123
13. 5r 55
1 2 7(11)
11 11
The solution is 77.
10 d
The Mississippi River is 10 m deep at this
location.
8d
8
11
Check:
n 60
The solution is 60.
12. Words:
The discharge of a river is the width
times the depth times the speed.
Variable: Let d the depth of the river.
5r
5
b
7
b
7
b 77
2 (24)
Pages 138140
86s
86
19 s
Check:
1634 86s
?
1634 86(19)
1634 1634
The solution is 19.
120
5
n 24
The solution is 24.
equals 24.
11. Two fifths of a number 1
1442443 { 14243 4243 123
2

n
24

2
n
5
5 2
n
2 5
21.
24
g
24
g
24
12
1 2 241125 2
g 10
26a
26
Check:
35 a
Check:
910 26a
?
910 26(35)
910 910
The solution is 35.
5
g
12
24
10 ? 5
12
24
5
5
12
12
The solution is 10.
75
Chapter 3
22.
45
z
45
z
45
5
28.
1 2 45125 2
z 18
z
2
5
45
18 ? 2
5
45
2
2
5
5
Check:
33
x 22 or
Check:
11.78
1.9
29. 5h 33

2
5h
5
6.272
0.49
11
.
15
30. 3p 45
1
3p
3
45
3
21 1

5 3
21
7
or 5
15
2
15
p
p
p
97.41
5.73
Check:
3p 45
1 22
3 15 45
1
45 45
2
The solution is 15.
1235 2t 22
1135 2t 22
5
13
5
13 1 5 2 t 13(22)
31. First, solve 4m 10.

4m 10
4m
4
m
m
110
13
6
813
3
25
10
4
5
2
1
22
1
Now, replace m in 12m with 22.
1 12
5
12 1 2 2
2t 22
?
1235 218136 2 22
12m 12 22
30
The value is 30.
22 22
6
Chapter 3
The solution is
q 17
5.73q 97.41
Check:
?
5.73(17) 97.41
97.41 97.41
The solution is 17.
Check:
11115 2 323
2
2.8(3.5) 9.8
9.8 9.8
26. 5.73q 97.41
5h 33
33 33
9.8
1 2
5
27.
11
15
Check:
2.8
h
m 3.5
2.8m 9.8
Check:
5.73q
5.73
33
5
11
1
h 3 5
k 12.8
Check:
0.49k 6.272
?
0.49(12.8) 6.272
6.272 6.272
25. 2.8m 9.8
2.8m
2.8
The solution is 12.
1.9(6.2) 11.78
11.78 11.78
24. 0.49k 6.272

1323 2x 512
?
1323 21112 2 512
52 52
f 6.2
Check:
1.9f 11.78
0.49k
0.49
3
2
x 12
The solution is 18.

23. 1.9f 11.78
1.9f
1.9
1323 2x 512
1113 2x 112
3
11
3 11
x 11 1 2 2
11 1 3 2
76
32. First, solve 15b 55.

15b 55
15b
15
b
b
38.
12
1 2
11
31 3 2
2
33
39.
1
p
7
41. Replace in / 7p with 65 and solve.

1
/ 7p
1
65 7p
7(65) 7
50
12
126t
126
8n 12
n 32
The solution is 32.
Two and one half times a number equals one and one fifth.
14444244443 123 1
44244
3 14243 14444244443
1
1212 2n 115
12
5
15
132t
132
12
The solution is
60.5
126
60.5
132
t 0.46
It takes about 0.46 second.
time for a
time for a
45.
two-seam
fastball
minus
four-seam
fastball
14444244443 1
424
3 14444244443
0.48

0.46
0.48 0.46 0.02
The difference is about 0.02 second.
2 6
5
12
25
5
n
d
t 0.48
It takes about 0.48 second.
44. Replace r with 132 and d with 60.5 in rt d and
solve.
rt d
132t 60.5
3 8 n 3(12)
22
15.9 d
The diameter was about 16 feet.
43. Replace r with 126 and d with 60.5 in rt d and
solve.
rt d
126t 60.5
Negative three eighths times a number equals 12.

1444442444443 123 1
44244
3 14243 123
8
117 2p
455 p
There are 455 people in the group.
42. Replace C in C d with 50 and solve.
C d
50 d
n 60
The solution is 60.
5
n
2
2 5
n
5 2
7(350)
50
There are 50 left-handed people.
12
37.
The number of
people in
left-handed people is one seventh of the world.
{ 1442443
{ 14
42443
1

p
/
117
9
1 32
4(4.82)
40. Replace p in 7p with 350 and solve.
5
1
n
12
5
5 1
5
n 1(12)
1 5
4.82
n 13
The solution is 13.
35. One fifth of a number is
12.
14243 { 1
44244
3 { 123
1
n
12

36.
4.82
84
7
4.82
The equation is / 7p.
n 12
The solution is 12.
Negative nine times a number is 117.
34. 1
44424443 123 1
44244
3 { 123
n
9
117

9n 117
9n
9
14444244443
11
The value is 11.
Seven
equals 84.
33. 1
times a number 1
424
3 123 1
44244
3 4243 123
7
n
84

7n 84

n 3.615
Now, replace b in 3b with 33.
7n
7
13
1
13 n
4
n
3
3 4
n
4 3
1 2
55
15
11
3
2
33
3b 3
One and one third times a number is 4.82.

14444244443 123 1
44244
3 { 14243
12
.
25
77
Chapter 3
46.
eight
123
times
123
The side length of each square is 4 inches.

Area
is
side length squared.
123
{
144424443
A

42
2
A4
A 16
The area of the square is 16 in2.
53. A; 4t 20
the number of
grams
of hydrogen
14444244443
8

x
The expression for oxygen is 8x.
47.
number of grams
number of grams
Number of grams
of oxygen
of water.
plus
equals
of hydrogen
14444244443 123
1
424
3
14444244443
8x
14444244443
477
The equation is x 8x 477.

48. Solve x 8x 477
x 8x 477
(1 8)x 477
9x 477
9x
9
4t
2
2t 10
Page 140
477
9
y
11
6
5
16
5
Now, replace y in 18y 21 with 16.
1 52
11
18 1 6 2 21
18y 21 18 16 21
33 21
12
The value is 12.
51. You can use the distance formula and the speed of
light to find the time it takes light from the stars
to reach Earth. Answers should include the
following.
Solve the equation by dividing each side of the
equation by 5,870,000,000,000.
The answer is 53 years.
The equation 5,870,000,000,000t
821,800,000,000,000 describes the situation
for the star in the Big Dipper farthest from
Earth.
52. C;
2 times
2 times
Perimeter
is
length
plus
width.
1442443
{
14243
123
14243
48

48 2(5x) 2x
48 10x 2x
48 (10 2)x
48 12x
48
12
2(5x)
Ten
1
23 times
123
10

a4
number
a
1
42443
a
to43 {
5
142

5
times
1
23

The equation is 10a 5(b c).

58. (5)(12) 60
59. (2.93)(0.003) 0.00879
60. (4)(0)(2)(3) (0)(2)(3)
(0)(3)
(0)
61.
4 3 2 1
62.
654321 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2x
63.
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
64.
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
65. Commutative Property of Addition

66. Associative Property of Multiplication
67. 2 8 9 16 9
25
68. 24 3 8 8 8
0
12x
12
4x
Chapter 3
m 14 81
m 14 14 81 14
m 67
Check:
m 14 81
?
67 14 81
81 81
The solution is 67.
55.
d 27 14
d 27 27 14 27
d 13
Check:
d 27 14
?
13 27 14
14 14
The solution is 13.
56. 17 (w) 55
17 w 55
17 w 17 55 17
w 72
Check:
17 1w2 55
?
17 31722 4 55
55 55
The solution is 72.
57.
is equal
54.
x 53
There are 53 grams of hydrogen.
49. Replace x in 8x with 53.
8x 8(53)
424
There are 424 grams of oxygen.
50. First, solve 6y 7 4.
6y 7 4
6y 7 7 4 7
6y 11
6y
6
20
2
78
the sum of
b2
and
c.
14
443
(b c)
69.
3
(17
8
7) 8 (24)

7.
72
8
9
70.
15 9
26 12

Page 140
1.
Surface
area
14
243
S
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
6
26 12
6
38
3
19
12
18
3
2 (18)
p 27
2
p
3
Check:
18
?
2
(27)
3
18
18 18
The solution is 27.
8. 17y 391
Practice Quiz 1
equals
123

2
p
3
3 2
p
2 3
four
1
23
4
times
123

times
123

17y
17
the square of
the
radius.
1
4424
43
391
17
y 23
17y 391
Check:
r2
The formula for the surface area of a sphere is

S 4r2.
Replace r in 4r 2 with 7.
4r2 4 (7)2
4 (49)
4(49)
196
615.8
The surface area is about 615.8 cm2.
d 18 27
d 18 18 27 18
d 45
Check:
d 18 27
?
45 18 27
27 27
The solution is 45.
m 77 61
m 77 77 61 77
m 16
Check:
m 77 61
?
16 77 61
61 61
The solution is 16.
12 a 36
12 a 12 36 12
a 24
Check:
12 a 36
?
12 1242 36
36 36
The solution is 24.
t (16) 9
t 16 9
t 16 16 9 16
t 7
Check:
t (16) 9
?
7 (16) 9
99
The solution is 7.
17(23) 391
391 391
The solution is 23.
9. 5x 45
5x
5
45
5
x 9
Check:
5x 45
?
5 (9) 45
45 45
The solution is 9.
2
5 d 10
10.
5
1 22
2 5 d 2 (10)
d 25
2
5 d 10
Check:
5 (25) 10
10 10
The solution is 25.
Page 141
1. Step 1
Algebra Activity
Model the equation.
x
1 1 1

1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
2x 3 9
Place 2 x tiles and 3 negative 1 tiles on one side of

of the mat.
79
Chapter 3
Step 2
Place 3 x tiles and 5 positive 1 tiles on one side of

of the mat.
Isolate the x term.
x
1 1 1
1 1 1
1
1 1 1
1 1 1
2x 3 3 9 3
Since there are 3 negative 1 tiles with the x tiles,

add 3 positive 1 tiles to each side to form zero pairs.
Step 3 Remove zero pairs.
1 1 1
1 1 1
1
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1
1 1
3x 5 5 14 5
Since there are 5 positive 1 tiles with the x tiles,

add 5 negative 1 tiles to each side to form zero
pairs.
1
1
1
1
1
2x 6
1 1 1
1 1 1

1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
9
3x
3
3
Separate the tiles into 3 equal groups to match

the 3 x tiles. Each x tile is paired with 3 positive
1 tiles. Thus, x 3.
3x 5 14
Chapter 3
Group the tiles to form zero pairs and remove the

zero pairs.
Step 4 Group the tiles.
x
1
3x 9

the 2 x tiles. Each x tile is paired with 3 negative
1 tiles. Thus, x 3.
1 1
6
2x
2
2

zero pairs.
80
3. Step 1

1 tiles. Thus, x 4.
Model the equation.
x
x
x

1 1
x
x
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1
3x 2 10

of the mat.
1
1
1 1

1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
8 4 2x 4 4

pairs.
1
1 1 1
3x 2 2 10 2
1 1 1
1
1

of the mat.
8 2x 4
x
x
1 1 1
1
1
1 1 1
1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
3x 12

zero pairs.
12 2x

zero pairs.
3x
12
3
3
81
Chapter 3
Step 4
Step 3
Group the tiles.
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
Remove zero pairs.
x
x
x
x
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
x
x
x
x

zero pairs.

1 tiles. Thus, x 6.
4x 8
12
22x
2

1
8
4x
4
4
3 4x 11

1 tiles. Thus, x 2.

of the mat.
x
x
x
x
x
1

1
1 1 1
1 1 1
2x 7 1
3 4x 3 11 3

the mat. Place 1 positive 1 tile on the other side of
the mat.

pairs.
x
x
1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
2x 7 7 1 7
Chapter 3
82
Step 2

pairs.
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
x
x
x
x
1 1 1 1
1 1 1

zero pairs.
1 1 1
1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1 1

2x 6
9 7 4x 7 7
1 1
1 1
Isolate the x term.
16 4x

zero pairs.
2x
6
2
2

1 tiles. Thus, x 3.
x
x
1
x
x
1 1 1
16
44x
4
1 1 1

1 tiles. Thus, x 4.
1
9 4x 7

of the mat.
x
x
1 1 1
x
1
1 1 1
1 1
1
7 3x 8
83
Chapter 3

of the mat.
x
x
x
Page 145
1 1 1
1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
7 3x 7 8 7

pairs.
x
x
x
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
Statement
The result is 55.
The product is added to 13.
A number is multiplied
by seven.
1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1
3x 15
Statement
There are 2,187,000
bacteria on the seventh
day.
A bacteria population
triples in number
each day.
1 1 1
1 1
1 1 1
7.
1 1
1 1 1
42 7 6
Undo the Statement

2,187,000
2,187,000 36 3000
There were 3000 bacteria.

4g 2 6
4g 2 2 6 2
4g 4
4g
4
1 1
4
4
g 1
4g 2 6
?
4(1) 2 6
?
4 2 6
6 6
The solution is 1.
8.
18 5p 3
18 3 5p 3 3
15 5p
Check:
3x
15
3
3

1 tiles. Thus, x 5.
9. First add 12 to each side, and then divide each
side by 7.
15
5
5p
5
3p
Chapter 3
Undo the
Statement
55
55 13 42
The number is 6.
6. Start at the end of the problem and undo each step.

zero pairs.
1. Sample answers: 2x 3 1, 3x 1 7

2. (1) Add 4 to each side. (2) Multiply each side by 5.
(3) Subtract 3 from each side.
3. Odd integers are two units apart. If we want to
signify the odd integer before odd integer n, we
need to subtract 2 units. Therefore, the
expression can be written as n 2.
4a. Subtract 3 from each side.
4b. Simplify.
4c. Multiply each side by 5.
4d. Simplify.
4e. Subtract 4 from each side.
4f. Simplify.
4g. Divide each side by 2.
4h. Simplify.
5.Start at the end of the problem and undo each step.
1 1 1
Solving Multi-Step Equations
3-4
84
18 5p 3
?
18 5(3) 3
?
18 15 3
?
18 18
The solution is 3.
13. Twelve
a number equals
34.
123 decreased
144244by
3 twice
1442443
123 1
23
2n

34
12

12 2n 34
12 2n 12 34 12
2n 46
Check:
3
a
2
9.
3
a
2
2n
2
8 11
12
19
2
3(19)
a
38
3
2
a 123
3
a
2
3
2
123
2
Check:
n (n 1) (n 2)
n (n 1) (n 2) 42
3n 3 42
3n 3 3 42 3
3n 39
8 11
1 2 8 11
?
?
19 8 11
11 11
3n
3

10.
2
b 4
2
b 4
2
2 2(17)
b 4

2
30 4 ?

2
34 ?

2
17
26 2 2n
26 2 2 2n 2
24 2n
17
17
24
2
2n
2
Pages 145148
5.6
Practice and Apply
n 28
0.2n 3 8.6
?
0.2(28) 3 8.6
?
5.6 3 8.6
8.6 8.6
The solution is 28.
12.
3.1y 1.5 5.32
3.1y 1.5 1.5 5.32 1.5
3.1y 6.82
Statement
The result is 25.
The quotient is added
to 17.
A number is divided
by 4.
Check:
12 n
The Hawaiian alphabet has 12 letters.
0.2
3.1y
3.1
39
3
The
English alphabet 123
equals 2 more than twice the Hawaiian alphabet.
14444244443
{ 14243 1444442444443
26
2
+
2n
17 17
The solution is 30.
0.2n 3 8.6
11.
0.2n 3 3 8.6 3
0.2n 5.6
0.2n
0.2
42
n 13
n 1 13 1 or 14
n 2 13 2 or 15
The consecutive integers are 13, 14, and 15.
15. Let n the number of letters in the Hawaiian
alphabet.
17
b 4 34
b 4 4 34 4
b 30
Check:
46
2
n 23
The solution is 23.
14. Let n the least integer.
Then n 1 the next greater integer, and
n 2 the greatest of the three integers.
The
sum
of three consecutive integers is
42.
{ {
1444444442444444443
8 8 11 8
3
a
2
2 3
a
3 2
Undo the Statement

25
25 17 8
8 4 32
The number is 32.

17. Start at the end of the problem and undo each
step.
6.82
3.1
Statement
The result is 75.
The difference is
multiplied by 5.
Nine is subtracted
from a number.
y 2.2
3.1y 1.5 5.32
Check:
?
3.1(2.2) 1.5 5.32
?
6.82 1.5 5.32
5.32 5.32
Undo the Statement

75
75 5 15
15 9 24
The number is 24.
85
Chapter 3

step.
Statement
He had $13.45 left.
He bought lunch for
$6.55.
He spent half for a
haircut.
He spent one third for
gasoline.
Statement
Undo the Statement
The fourth question is
worth $6000.
$6000
The fourth question is
worth twice as much
$6000 2 $3000
as the third question.
The third question is
worth twice as much
$3000 2 $1500
as the second question.
The second question is
worth twice as much
$1500 2 $750
as the first question.
1
2
The sculpture lost its

weight the 8th hour.
2
25.
24
5
4
22
The sculpture lost 2 its

5
2
10 2 20

weight the 3rd hour.
1
2

weight the 2nd hour.
1

weight the 1st hour.
10
5
3c
3
18
3
c 6
4a
4
7g
7
7 g
c
3
26.
c
3
57
c
3
c
3
y
5
27.
y
5
5575
3
96
9969
2
1 2 3(2)
c 6
3
28.
20 2 40
3
a
7
40 2 80
7
a
7
2
9
p
4
30.
t
8
Statement
Undo the Statement
She went into the
building.
0
She climbed the
044
remaining 4 rungs.
4 7 11
She went up 7 rungs.
She backed down
11 5 6
5 rungs.
639
She moved up 3 rungs.
She stood on the
2(9) 1 19
middle rung.
6 12
p 56
1 2 8(6)
10
17 s 40
17 s 17 40 17
s 57
s
1
57
1
s 57
The ladder has 19 rungs.
86
m
5
31.
t
8
2 4(10)
959
1 p2
t 48
32.
5
4 4 4(14)
m
5
6 31
6 6 31 6
6
17 s
4
17 s
4
p
4
6 6 12 6
t
8
1 2 5(3)
4 14
5
1 2 7(5)
t
8
3
y 15
3 2 3
a
7
a
7
y
5
y
5
9
29.
a 35
The sculpture weighed 80 lb.

step. Count the rungs from the top.
Chapter 3
49
7
25
5 2 10

$40 2 $60
5a
63 7g 14
63 14 7g 14 14
49 7g
1
2
$20 2 $40
n 2
15 4a 5
15 5 4a 5 5
20 4a
20
4
5
8
5
8

24.
5
16

5n
5
Undo the Statement
5
16
$13.45 $6.55 $20
He withdrew $60.
Exercises 2239 For checks, see students work.
22.
23.
5n 6 4
7 3c 11
5n 6 6 4 6
7 3c 7 11 7
5n 10
3c 18
The first question is worth $750.

step.
Statement
After 8 hours, it
5
weighs 16 of a pound.
Undo the Statement

$13.45
5
m
5
m
5
25
1 2 5(25)
m 125
33.
6
3j (4)
6
3j (4)
6
Now, replace a in 5a 2 with 5.

5a 2 5(5) 2
25 2
27
The value is 27.
41. First, solve 2x 1 5.
2x 1 5
2x 1 1 5 1
2x 4
12
4 6 (12)
3j (4) 72

3j (4) (4) 72 (4)
3j 76
3j
3
j
j
34.
76
3
76
3
1
253
2x
2
3d 1.2 0.9

3d 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.2
3d 2.1
3d
3
x2
Now, replace x in 3x 4 with 2.
3x 4 3(2) 4
64
2
The value is 2.
42. Two-thirds
a number minus six is negative ten.
14243 of
{ 14243 123 { { 1442443
2

n

6
10
3
2.1
3
d 0.7
35.
2.5r 32.7 74.1
2.5r 32.7 32.7 74.1 32.7
2.5r 106.8
2.5r
2.5
106.8
2.5
2
n
3
r 42.72
36.
0.6 (4a) 1.4
0.6 (4a) 0.6 1.4 0.6
4a 0.8
4a
4
2
n
3
p
7
p
7
1.8
1 2 7(1.8)
p 12.6
38. 3.5x 5 1.5x 8
(3.5 1.5)x 5 8
2x 5 8
2x 5 5 8 5
2x 3
2x
2
16
4
2
1
9z 4
8
5
9z 4
88
5
9z 4
5
9z 4
5 5
5.4 8
13.4
3n
3
9z 4 67
9z 4 4 67 4
9z 63

4n
4
n (n 2) (n 4)
n (n 2) (n 4) 51
3n 6 51
3n 6 6 51 6
3n 45
5.4
2 5(13.4)
9z
9
4n
The solution is 4.
44. Let n the least odd integer.
Then n 2 the next greater odd integer, and
n 4 the greatest of the three odd integers.
The
sum of three consecutive odd integers {
is 51.
{
144444444424444444443
x 12 or 1.5
39.
4
n 6
The solution is 6.
43. Twenty-nine
is thirteen added to four times a number.
1442443 {
14243 14243 123 123 14243
29
13

4

n
29 13 4n
29 13 13 4n 13
16 4n
0.5 0.5 1.3 0.5

7
6 6 10 6
1 2 32(4)
0.8
4
0.5 1.3
p
7
p
7
6 10
2
n
3
3 2
n
2 3
a 0.2
37.
2
51
45
3
n 15
n 2 15 2 or 17
n 4 15 4 or 19
The consecutive odd integers are 15, 17, and 19.
63
9
z7
40. First, solve 3a 9 6.
3a 9 6
3a 9 9 6 9
3a 15
3a
3
15
3
a5
87
Chapter 3
49. Let x the length of the shortest side.

Then x 2 the length of the next longer side,
and x 4 the length of the longest side.
The
sum of the three sides is 54.
1444442444443
45. Let n the least even integer.

Then n 2 the next greater even integer, and
n 4 the greatest of the three even integers.
The sum of three consecutive even integers is 30.
1444444442444444443 { 123
30
n (n 2) (n 4)
n (n 2) (n 4) 30
3n 6 30
3n 6 6 30 6
3n 36
3n
3
{ {
x (x 2) (x 4)
54
x (x 2) (x 4) 54
3x 6 54
3x 6 6 54 6
3x 48
36
3
3x
3
9
50.
92
7
2000(7)
{ {
n (n 1) (n 2) (n 3) 94
n (n 1) (n 2) (n 3) 94
4n 6 94
4n 6 6 94 6
4n 88

88
4
n 1 22 1 or 23
n 3 22 3 or 25
The consecutive integers are 22, 23, 24, and 25.
47. Let n the least odd integer.
Then n 2 the next greater odd integer,
n 4 the next greater odd integer, and
n 6 the greatest of the four odd integers.
The
sum of four consecutive odd integers is 8.
1444444442444444443
20
2
{ {
4
4
0.10
number
times
of4miles
123 1
243

x
is
2000
1500
0.02
The area
the area of
of the square minus the rectangle is
1442443 123 1442443 {
4/
10 10

cost for
one day.
14243
60
4
of
5
{ {
4

5
10 10 4/ 5 (10 10)
4
100 4/ 5(100)
100 4/ 80
100 4/ 100 80 100
4/ 20
45.05
0.1
4/
4
x 450.5
Ms. Jones can drive 450.5 mi.
Chapter 3
2/
2
x 75,000
Mr. Goetz must have $75,000 in sales.
54. Let the length of the rectangle.
14.95 0.1x 60
14.95 0.1x 14.95 60 14.95
0.1x 45.05
0.1x
0.1
0.02x
0.02
n 2 1 2 or 1
n 6 1 6 or 5
The consecutive odd integers are 1, 1, 3, and 5.
48. Let x the number of miles driven in one day.
cost per
mile
14
243
500
0.02
x
500 0.02x 2000
500 0.02x 500 2000 500
0.02x 1500
n 1
n 4 1 4 or 3
Price of car
per day
plus
14243
1
23
14.95
10 /
The persons foot is about 10 in. long.
53. Let x the amount of sales.
The monthly
the amount
salary
plus
of of sales
is $2000.
1442443
1
23 2%
{ { 1442443 { 123
8
n (n 2) (n 4) (n 6)
n (n 2) (n 4) (n 6) 8
4n 12 8
4n 12 12 8 12
4n 4

a 7000
2
2000
a 7000
2
2000
a 7000
2000
a 7000
2000 2000
14,000 a 7000
14,000 7000 a 7000 7000
21,000 a
They can climb to about 21,000 ft.
51.
8 2/ 12
8 12 2/ 12 12
20 2/
n 22
n 2 22 2 or 24
4n
4
48
3
x 16
x 2 16 2 or 18
x 4 16 4 or 20
The lengths of the sides are 16 cm, 18 cm, and
20 cm.
n 12
n 2 12 2 or 10 n 4 12 4 or 8
The consecutive even integers are 12, 10,
and 8.
46. Let n the least integer.
Then n 1 the next greater integer,
n 2 the next greater integer, and
n 3 the greatest of the four integers.
The
sum of four consecutive integers is 94.
1444444442444444443
4n
4
20
4
/5
The length of the rectangle is 5 in.
88
the area of
the square.
1442443
(10 10)
55. Never; Let n, n 2 be the even numbers, and

m, m 2 be the odd numbers.
The sum of two
the sum of two
consecutive
consecutive
even
numbers
equals
odd
numbers.
1442443 123 1442443
Step 2
n (n 2)

m (m 2)
n (n 2) m (m 2)
2n 2 2m 2
2n 2 2 2m 2 2
2n 2m
2n
2
58. D;
3
a
5
Step 2
22
Step 2
Step 3
3
1 2 53 (3)
a 5
0 11y 33
Press
Step 3 Enter (
and choose 0, for solve.
7t
7
0 18
Step 2
Press
Press

ALPHA R
0.8 )
Press
h
7
h
7
h
7

91
7
66.
15
4.
Step 4 Press ALPHA [SOLVE] to reveal the
solution. W 18.
6 6 12
0.7
7(13) 91
91 91
The solution is 13.

ALPHA W 2 )
6 12
0
t 13
7t 91
Check:
61. Step 1
0.7
r 0.8
6
65. 7t 91
Enter 11 ALPHA Y 33.

solution. Y 3.
w 2
40
5
60. Step 1
Press
0.7 0.7
r 0.8
6
r 0.8
6
Page 148
Step 3
Step 2
6.
Enter 7.2 ALPHA T

33.84.
ALPHA
Step 4 Press
[SOLVE] to reveal the
solution. T 4.7.
5 3
a
3 5
Step 2
( ) 2
( ) 5
0.7.
solution. R 5.
4.91 7.2t 38.75
64. Step 1
4.91 7.2t 38.75 38.75 38.75
7.2t 33.84 0
19 19 16 19
59. Step 1
19 16
3
a
5
Step 3 Enter (
15 3n 22
3
a
5
0
ALPHA P
0.7
63. Step 1
66

solution. P 17.
2m
2
The alligator is about 93 or 10 years old.

57. B; 1
Fifteen minus three times a number equals negative twenty-two.
4243 123 123 123 14243 123 14444244443
15
6
Press
Step 3 Enter (
)
)
nm
Thus, n must equal m, so n is not even or m is not
odd.
56. By using the length at birth, the amount of
growth each year, and the current length, you can
write and solve an equation to find the age of the
animal. Answers should include the following.
To solve the equation, subtract 8 from each
side and then divide each side by 12.
or
p (5)
2
p (5)
6
2
p (5)
6
2
62. Step 1
r
15
r
15
8
1 2 15(8)
r 120
Check:
r

15
120 ?

15
8
8
8 8
6
ALPHA H ( )
Step 3 Enter ( ) 18
7.
solution. H 126.
89
Chapter 3
3b 1 2
67.
2
3b
3
2
2 3 b
75.
3
2
3
3
2 2
9
b4
1
b 24
2
1
Check:
3b 1 2
2 1 ?
1
3 2 4 1 2
1
1
1 2 1 2
1
The solution is 2 4.
1 2
76.
Equation:
m
18
47
The equation is m 18 47.
69. Solve m 18 47.
m 18 47
m 18 18 47 18
m 29
There were 29 models in 1990.
70. There are two numbers divisible by 3, and there
are 8 2 or 6 numbers not divisible by 3.
1 12
1 12
The odds of spinning a number divisible by 3

are 1:3.
71. There are four numbers equal to or greater than
5, and there are 8 4 or 4 numbers less than 5.

16(1) 16
16 4
20
18(2) 18
114 2
119 2
82. the
quantity 3 plus b 14243
divided by {y
14444244443
(3 b)

y
Thus, the algebraic expression is (3 b) y.
83. {
3 times
a 1
plus
square
b
123 {
23 the
144
4244of
43
odds of less than 7 2
84.
1
86.
The odds of spinning a number less than 7

are 3:1.
88.
73. 7 3 7 3
6
21
89.
2
7
38
1
38
2
24
1
12
Chapter 3
Thus, the algebraic expression is 5m 2 .
4
4
1
1
The odds of spinning a number equal to or greater

than 5 are 1:1.
72. There are six numbers less than 7, and there are
8 6 or 2 numbers not less than 7.
36 2
38
81. the
product
of 5 and m, 1
plus
n
14444244443
23 half
142of
43
1

5m
n
2
3
odds of equal to or greater than 5
80. 18 2 9 18 2 9
1 12
1
1
15t 1 5 2 25 1 5 2
79. 16 1 4 16 1 4
odds of divisible by 3 6
74.
(15t 25) (5)
3t (5)
3t 5
77. 17 9 17(10 1)
17(10) 17(1)
170 17
153
78. 13(101) 13(100 1)
13(100) 13(1)
1300 13
1313
The number of
the number of
models
in 1990 1
plus
equals models in 2000.
1442443
23 18
{ 123 1442443
15t 25
5
(15t 25) 5
The number of models in 1990 plus 18

equals the number of models in 2000.
Variable: Let m the number of models in 1990.
2
3
114 2
1
1
3a 1 4 2 16 1 4 2
4a 4
68. Words:
(3a 16) 4
(3a 16)
1 2
1 2
3a 16
4
90
3
a
b2

Thus, the algebraic expression is 3a b2.
5d 2d (5 2)d 85. 11m 5m (11 5)m
3d
6m
8t 6t (8 6)t
87. 7g 15g (7 15)g
14t
8g
9f 6f (9 6)f
3f
3m (7m) [3 (7)]m
10m
Solving Equations with the

Variable on Each Side
3-5
Pages 151152
3
8
2g
2
13
13
The solution is
7.
3a
3
13z
13
13
5
10.
1
1 2.
3
5d
5
c 1
8
c 1
8
4
2 814c 2
c 1 2c
c 1 c 2c c
1c
Check:
2t 4
1
2t 4 2t
3
4
3
4
2.6 d
Check:
6 3 5(d 2)
?
6 3 5(2.6 2)
?
6 3 5(0.6)
?
633
66
60
8
11 12 2 34
a3
Check:
3(a 5) 6
?
3(3 5) 6
?
3(2) 6
6 6
The solution is 3.
8.
7 3r r 4(2 r)
7 3r r 8 4r
7 3r 8 3r
7 3r 3r 8 3r 3r
7 8
Since 7 8 is a false statement, this equation
has no solution.
9.
6 3 5(d 2)
6 3 5d 10
6 5d 7
6 7 5d 7 7
13 5d
15
1 12
3(a 5) 6
3a 15 6
3a 15 15 6 15
3a 9
12
2
c4
Check:
20c 5 5c 65
?
20(4) 5 5(4) 65
?
80 5 20 65
85 85
The solution is 4.
4 12
00
1z
The solution is 1.
2. If both sides of the equation are always equal, the
equation is an identity.
3. Sample answer: 2x 5 2x 5
4a. Subtract 6n from each side.
4b. Simplify.
4c. Add 13 to each side.
4d. Simplify.
4e. Divide each side by 2.
4f. Simplify.
5.
20c 5 5c 65
20c 5 5c 5c 65 5c
15c 5 65
15c 5 5 65 5
15c 60
3
1
4t
8
3
1
1
4t 2t
8
3
3
4t
8
3
3
3
4t 8
8
3
4t
4
3
3 4 t
? 1
2
? 3
4
4t 2t 4
3
8
g6
The solution is 6.
1b. correct
1c. Incorrect; to eliminate 6z on the left side of the
equals sign, 6z must be added to each side of the
equation.
6z 13 7z
6z 13 6z 7z 6z
13 13z
6.
1a. Incorrect; the 2 must be distributed over both g

and 5.
2(g 5) 22
2g 10 22
2g 10 10 22 10
2g 12
15c
15
3
8
Check:
c 1
c
4
8
1 1 ? 1
4
8
2 ? 1
4
8
1
1
4
4
The solution is 1.
11. 5h 7 5(h 2) 3
5h 7 5h 10 3
5h 7 5h 7
Since the expressions on each side of the equation
are the same, this equation is an identity. The
statement 5h 7 5(h 2) 3 is true for all
values of h.
4 8
9
8
2 43 198 2
3
t2
t 12
91
Chapter 3
12.
5.4w 8.2 9.8w 2.8

5.4w 8.2 9.8w 9.8w 2.8 9.8w
8.2 4.4w 2.8
8.2 4.4w 8.2 2.8 8.2
4.4w 11
4.4w
4.4

16.
3 4q 10q 10
3 4q 10q 10q 10 10q
3 14q 10
3 14q 3 10 3
14q 7
11
4.4
14q
14
w 2.5
5.4w 8.2 9.8w 2.8
Check:
?
5.4(2.5) 8.2 9.8(2.5) 2.8
?
13.5 8.2 24.5 2.8
21.7 21.7
13. D; Solve by substitution.
A
75 9t 5(4 2t)
?
75 9(5) 5[4 2(5)]
?
75 (45) 5[4 (10)]
?
75 45 5[14]
120 70
B
75 9t 5(4 2t)
?
75 9(4) 5[4 2(4)]
?
75 (36) 5[4 (8)]
?
75 36 5[12]
111 60
C
75 9t 5(4 2t)
?
75 9(4) 5[4 2(4)]
?
75 36 5[4 8]
?
39 5[4]
39 20
D
75 9t 5(4 2t)
?
75 9(5) 5[4 2(5)]
?
75 45 5[4 10]
?
30 5[6]
30 30
14
1
q 2 or 0.5
17.
3k 5 7k 21
3k 5 7k 7k 21 7k
4k 5 21
4k 5 5 21 5
4k 16
4k
4
18.
16
4
k4
5t 9 3t 7
5t 9 3t 3t 7 3t
8t 9 7
8t 9 9 7 9
8t 16
8t
8
16
8
t2
19.
8s 9 7s 6
8s 9 7s 7s 6 7s
s96
s9969
s 3
3
n
4
20.
3
n
4
16 8n 2 8n 8n
7
n
8
7
n
8
16 2 8n
16 2
16 16 2 16
7
n
8
8 7
n
7 8
14
1 2 87 1142
The answer is D.
n 16
Pages 152154
Practice and Apply
21.
14a. Multiply each side by 10.

14b. Simplify.
14c. Distributive Property
14d. Add 4 to each side.
14e. Simplify.
14f. Divide each side by 6.
14g. Simplify.
15a. Subtract v from each side.
15b. Simplify.
15c. Subtract 9 from each side.
15d. Simplify.
15e. Divide each side by 6.
15f. Simplify.
1
4
2
3y
1
2
1
3y 3y
4
1
1
3y
4
1
1
1
3y 4
4
1
3y
1
3 3y
4 3y 3y
3
4
3
44
1
2
2 3112 2
3
y 2
y 1 2
22.
8 4(3c 5)
8 12c 20
8 20 12c 20 20
12 12c
12
12
12c
12
1 c
Chapter 3
4 3y
92
23.
7(m 3) 7
7m 21 7
7m 21 21 7 21
7m 28
7m
7
30.
1
y
2
28
7
y 4 2y
1
y
2
1
y
2
4
b
5
5 4
b
4 5
8
1 2 54(8)
b 10
32.
8848
2x 4
2 2(4)
x8
26.
4(2a 1) 10(a 5)
8a 4 10a 50
8a 4 10a 10a 50 10a
18a 4 50
18a 4 4 50 4
18a 54
1
(7 3g)
4
7
3
4g
4
7
3
g
4g 8
4
7
7
8g
4
7
7
7
8g 4
4
7
g
8
8 7
g
7 8
8
g
8
g
8 8
0
7
04
7
4
1 2 87 174 2
g 2
33.
54
18
a3
27.
4(f 2) 4f
4f 8 4f
4f 8 4f 4f 4f
8 0
has no solution.
28. 3(1 d) 5 3d 2
3 3d 5 3d 2
3d 2 3d 2
statement 3(1 d) 5 3d 2 is true for all
values of d.
29. 2(w 3) 5 3(w 1)
2w 6 5 3w 3
2w 1 3w 3
2w 1 3w 3w 3 3w
w 1 3
w 1 1 3 1
w 2
w
1
2x 8 4
18a
18
3 5b 3 11 3
5 2x 3 4
2
3 5b 11
18
6
r 3
1
2x
3 5b 5b 11 5b 5b
4 2y 2y
3 5b 11 5b
31.
25. 5 2 (x 6) 4
1
2x
4 2y
04
Since 0 4 is a false statement, this equation has
no solution.
m4
24. 6(r 2) 4 10
6r 12 4 10
6r 8 10
6r 8 8 10 8
6r 18
6r
6
3
y
2
1
(a 4)
6
1
2
a3
6
1
2
2
a 3 3a
6
1
2
2a 3
1
2
2
2a 3 3
1
2a
1
2 2a
34.
3(2a 4)
2
3a 3
4
3
4
33
2
2 2(2)
a 4
28 2.2x 11.6x 262.6
28 2.2x 11.6x 11.6x 262.6 11.6x
28 13.8x 262.6
28 13.8x 28 262.6 28
13.8x 234.6
13.8x
13.8
35.
2
1
234.6
13.8
x 17
1.03p 4 2.15p 8.72
1.03p 4 2.15p 2.15p 8.72 2.15p
3.18p 4 8.72
3.18p 4 4 8.72 4
3.18p 12.72
3.18p
3.18
w2
3a 3 3a
12.72
3.18
p4
93
Chapter 3
36.
18 3.8t 7.36 1.9t

18 3.8t 1.9t 7.36 1.9t 1.9t
18 1.9t 7.36
18 1.9t 18 7.36 18
1.9t 10.64
1.9t
1.9
2(n 2) 3n 13
2n 4 3n 13
2n 4 3n 3n 13 3n
n 4 13
n 4 4 13 4
n 17
10.64
1.9
n
1
t 5.6
37.
13.7v 6.5 2.3v 8.3
13.7v 6.5 2.3v 2.3v 8.3 2.3v
16v 6.5 8.3
16v 6.5 6.5 8.3 6.5
16v 14.8
16v
16
14.8
16
Three
greatest
equals twice
the least 1
plus
38.
123 times
123 the
14
4244
3 123
1442443
23 1
23
3

(n 4)

2 n

38
38. 2[s 3(s 1) ] 18

2[ s 3s 3] 18
2[ 4s 3] 18
8s 6 18
8s 6 6 18 6
8s 24
3(n 4) 2n 38
3n 12 2n 38
3n 12 2n 2n 38 2n
n 12 38
n 12 12 38 12
n 26
n 2 26 2 or 28
n 4 26 4 or 30
The consecutive even integers are 26, 28, and 30.
44.
0.8(220 a) 152
176 0.8a 152
176 0.8a 176 152 176
0.8a 24
24
8
s3
39. 3(2n 5) 0.5(12n 30)
6n 15 6n 15
statement 3(2n 5) 0.5(12n 30) is true
for all values of n.
40. One half of increased
two thirds of
a number
by
14243 14243
1
2
n

1
n
2
1
n
2
16
123
16
is
the number minus

144244
3 123
2
3
n
0.8a
0.8
22 1 4(x 2)
45.
2
2
22 2 4x
6n 16 4
1
2 4x
4(2) 4 4x
6n 20
n 120
41. The sum of one half
of
a44244
number and
6
14
443
1
n
2
1
n
2
equals
123
n6
6
1
6 2n
6
6(6)
1
n
3
1
1
n 2n
3
1
6n
1
6 6n
one third of
the
number.
14
424
43
1
3
n
0.425x
0.425
2.4
0.425
x 5.647
It will take about 5.6 years.
36 n
42. Let n the lesser odd integer.
Then n 2 the greater odd integer.
Twice the greater
three times the
odd
integer
is
lesser number minus 13.
144424443 123 123
123 123
2(n 2)

3 n

13
Chapter 3
11 2
8x
The name is 8-penny.
46.
4.9 0.275x 2.5 0.7x
4.9 0.275x 0.7x 2.5 0.7x 0.7x
4.9 0.425x 2.5
4.9 0.425x 4.9 2.5 4.9
0.425x 2.4
6 6n 6(20)
1
2
22 2 2 4x 2
6n 16 16 4 16
1
22 1 4x 2
16 3n 3n 4 3n
24
0.8
a 30
The age is 30 years.
4.
16 3n 4
2
17
1
n 17
n 2 17 2 or 19
The consecutive odd integers are 17 and 19.
43. Let n the least even integer.
Then n 2 the next greater even integer, and
n 4 the greatest of the three even integers.
v 0.925
8s
8
94
47. 2(3x 1) 2x 4(3x)

6x 2 2x 12x
2 8x 12x
2 8x 8x 12x 8x
2 4x
2
4
1
2
54.
7
4x
4
0.5 x
3x 1 3(0.5) 1 or 2.5
3x 3(0.5) or 1.5
The dimensions of the rectangle are 2.5 by 0.5,
and the dimensions of the square are 1.5 by 1.5.
48. 0.60(10)(1000) 50(8)(tf 50)
6000 400(tf 50)
6000 400tf 20,000
6000 20,000 400tf 20,000 20,000
26,000 400tf
26,000
400
400t
The number of
the number of
the number
Calories burned is Calories per minute times of minutes.
144
4244
43 123 144424443 123 14
424
43
Equation: C
4.5
The equation is C 4.5m.
57. 150 4.5m
400
150
4.5
100
3
1
333
m
m

10
12
14
16
18
20


2
18
20
22
24
26
28
60. 10 (17) ( 010 0 017 0 )

(10 17)
27
61. 12 (8) 12 (8)
12 8
( 012 0 08 0 )
(12 8)
4
62. 6 14 6 (14)
( 014 0 06 0 )
(14 6)
8
63. Sample answer: 1 and 3
1 3 4 is even, but 1 and 3 are odd.
64. Sample answer: You could bake sugar cookies,
which do not require chocolate chips.

6 14
6 6 14 6
2
v
9
9 2
v
2 9
4.5m
4.5

2
v
9
x 4
5n 4 7(n 1) 2n
5n 4 7n 7 2n
5n 4 5n 7
5n 4 5n 5n 7 5n
47
Since 4 7 is a false statement, this equation has
no solution.
2
v
9
It will take 333 minutes.
52. C;
53.
18
9
w 2
56. Words:
The number of Calories burned is
the number of Calories per minute
times the number of minutes.
Variables: Let C the number of Calories
burned, and m the number of
minutes.
The final temperature is 65F.

49. Sample answer: 3(x 1) x 1
50. Set two expressions equal to each other and solve
the equation. Answers should include the following.
The steps used to solve the equation are (1)
subtract 7.6x from each side, (2) subtract 6
from each side, and (3) divide each side by 0.4.
The number of male and female Internet users
will be the same in 2010.
If two expressions that represent the growth
in use of two items are set equal to each other,
the solution to the equation can predict when
the number of items in use will be equal.
51. D;
8x 3 5(2x 1)
8x 3 10x 5
8x 3 10x 10x 5 10x
2x 3 5
2x 3 3 5 3
2x 8
Page 154
2 7(2)
9w
9
65 tf
2x
2
2
x 3 14
x 3 3 14 3
x 11
5 9w 23
5 9w 5 23 5
9w 18
55.
x
x 3
7
x 3
7
20
1 2 92(20)
v 90
95
Chapter 3
65.
3a2
b c
3152 2
7.
87
75
87
3x
3
75
15
70.
72.
12 3
15 3
4
5
36 12
36
60 12
60
3
5
108
108 9
99
9
12
1
12
15
69.
71.
73.
9.
16
40
16 8
40 8
75.
5.082
1.1
5
120
1750
120
175
12
7
1412
19 19
11.
57 19
12.
6.
13.
350
120g
120
g
g
3 ? 21
14
2
?
8 ? 12
18
9
?
14.
16
17
15.
8
.
9
2.3
3.4
3.0
3.6.
4.2 ? 1.68
2.24
5.6
?
21.1 ? 1.1
1.2
14.4
?
21.1(1.2) 14.4(1.1)
25.32 15.84
No, the cross products are not equal, so
The ratios do not form a proportion.
16.
12
18.
4.2(2.24) 5.6(1.68)
9.408 9.408
1.68
4.2
Yes, the cross products are equal, so 5.6 2.24.
Since the ratios are equal, they form a proportion.
2.1 ? 0.5
0.7
3.5
?
2.1
3.5
8
9
2.3 ? 3.0
3.6
3.4
?
2.3(3.6) 3.4(3.0)
8.28 10.2
16 ? 8
9
17
?
Chapter 3
1.1n
1.1

4 ? 12
33
11
?
2.1(0.7) 3.5(0.5)
1.47 1.75
8(18) 9(12)
144 108
16(9) 17(8)
144 136
3(14) 2(21)
42 42
3
21
Yes, the cross products are equal, so 2 14. Since
the ratios are equal, they form a proportion.
3
4(33) 11(12)
132 132
12
4
Yes, the cross products are equal, so 11 33. Since
5.
a 15
n
8.47
Pages 158159 Practice and Apply

2. A ratio is a comparison of two numbers, and a
proportion is an equation of two equal ratios.
3. Find the cross products and divide by the value
with the variable.
4.
225
15
The Lehmans need about 14.6 gallons.
Ratios and Proportions
Page 158
5(350) 120(g)
1750 120g
28 7
49 7
4
7
8
8 8
120 8
120
1
15
28
28 14
42 14
42
2
3
5
3-6
15a
15
4.62 n
10. Let g represent the amount of gasoline needed for
a 350-mile trip.
28
49
19
57
0.6
1.1
15
a(15) 45(5)
15a 225
24
3
a
45
0.6(8.47) 1.1(n)
5.082 1.1n
12
74.
8.
x8
5
66. x(a 2b) y 2(5 2 8) 1
2(5 16) 1
2(21) 1
42 1
41
67. 5(x 2y) 4a 5(2 2 1) 4(5)
5(2 2) 4(5)
5(4) 4(5)
20 20
0
68.
6
x
3(x) 4(6)
3x 24
3(25)
87
3
4
0.5
.
0.7
5 ? 4
1.6
2
?
5(1.6) 2(4)
88
96
21.1
14.4
1.1
1.2.
Yes, the cross products are equal, so 2 1.6. Since

17. For each row in the table write the ratio of the
number in the first column to the number in the
871
498
fourth column. USA: 2116; USSR/Russia: 1278;
5
3
30.
5x
5
374
180
; Great Britain: 638;
1182
136
179
188
; Italy: 479; Sweden: 469
598
19.
2
10
20.
4(10) x(2)
40 2x
40
2
15
3
20 x
6
5
21.
15
22.
23.
a
25.
1
0.19
56
6
28
3
152d
152
3y
3
n
21
24.
16
7
248
4
28n
28
248h
248
b
or
1
93
b
63
16
63
16
2
0.21
2.5
10
30
10
1
1
64
28.
h
3.67s
3.67
3
20
x
x
122
3(122) 20(n)
366 20n
366
20
7
3
116
6
58
or
3
20n
20
18.3 n
You would expect about 18 animals.
6(x 3) 14(7)
6x 18 98
6x 18 18 98 18
6x 116
6x
6
or 46
35. Let n represent the number of pets from

a breeder.
1.066z
1.066
6
14
25
6
63.37 z
29.
The car is 46 feet high.
z
9.65
7(9.65) 1.066(z)
67.55 1.066z
67.55
1.066
2
3
1(h) 64
1.23 s
7
1.066
1 1 2123 2
25 2
h 4 13 2
s
1.88
2.405(1.88) 3.67(s)
4.5214 3.67s
10d
10
3d
The wall in the blueprint is 3 in. long.
34. Let h represent the actual height.
n 0.84
4.5214
3.67
12
2.5(12) 10(d)
30 10d
1.68
2
33. Let d represent the scale length.

15
or 316
27.
372
248
1
12
n
2.405
3.67
93
h
It will take 12 hours.
n
2(n) 0.21(8)
2n 1.68
2n
2
2128
152
h 2 or 12
1(n) 0.19(12)
n 2.28
26.
248(h) 4(93)
248h 372
16(b) 7(9)
16b 63
16b
16
532
d
d 14
It will take 14 days.
32. Let h represent the number of hours needed to
drive 93 miles.
15 n
7
a
6(a) 8(7)
6a 56
6a
6
20
28
420
28
18 x
6
8
152(d) 4(532)
152d 2128
20(21) 28(n)
420 28n
5x
5
152
4
3
15
5y
6(15) 5(x)
90 5x
90
5
31. Let d represent the number of days needed to

earn $532.
1(15) y(3)
15 3y
2x
2
1
y
5
x 5 or 15
18. No; if two of these ratios formed a proportion, the

two countries would have the same part of their
medals as gold medals.
4
x
6
2
5(x 2) 3(6)
5x 10 18
5x 10 10 18 10
5x 8
Germany:
France:
x
193
97
Chapter 3
36. Evaluate
2a 3b
4b 3c
The
2a 3b
with
4b 3c
2(3) 3(1)
4(1)
43.
a 3, b 1, and c 5.
3(5)
5 9w 23
5 9w 5 23 5
9w 18
9w
9
6 3
4 15
9
19
9
value is 19.
w 2
m
5
44.
m
5
37. Sample answer: Ratios are used to determine how

much of each ingredient to use for a given number
of servings. Answers should include the following.
To determine how much honey is needed if you
use 3 eggs, write and solve the proportion
2
3
, where h is the amount of honey.
3
h
45.
5
48.
3
15 y
5
15
z
5
15(5) z(3)
75 3z
75
3
3z
3
25 z
Page 159
2 5(3)
Temperature

40.
8y 10 3y 2
8y 10 3y 3y 2 3y
11y 10 2
11y 10 10 2 10
11y 12
11y
11
12
11
12
1 21 2 499
3 3
7 7
49. (0.075)(5.5) 0.4125

50. 33 is thirty-three units from zero in the
negative direction.
033 0 33
51. 77 is seventy-seven units from zero in the positive
direction.
077 0 77
52. 2.5 is two and five tenths units from zero in the
positive direction.
02.5 0 2.5
53. 0.85 is eighty-five hundredths unit from zero in
|0.85| 0.85
54. The temperature is high when you enter the
house, but decreases to a lower constant
temperature due to the air conditioner.
2y
2
y
z
y 11 or 111
Time
17 2n 21 2n
17 2n 2n 21 2n 2n
17 21
has no solution.
42.
7(d 3) 4
7d 21 4
7d 21 21 4 21
7d 25
41.
7d
7
d
Chapter 3
3
1
3
z 7
5
z 7
5
47. 9
10(3) y(2)
30 2y
30
2
1 2 5(25)
1 8 2198 2 7272
9(27) 12(18)
243 216
10
y
25
z 7 15
z 7 7 15 7
z 8
46. (7)(6) 42
9 ? 18
27
12
?
x
y
m
5
m
5
m 125
39. C;
6 31
6 6 31 6
5
To alter the recipe to get 5 servings, multiply

1
each amount by 14.
38. D;
18
9
25
7
25
or
7
the percent.
a
b
18
60
100
p
100
18(100) 60(p)
1800 60p
1800
60
60p
60
30 p
Eighteen is 30% of 60.
37
98
Find the percent using the original number, 72, as

the base.
56. The base is 14, and the part is 4.34. Let p

a
b
4.34
14
36
72
100
p
36(100) 72(r)
3600 72r
100
4.34(100) 14(p)
434 14p
434
14
3600
72
14p
14
100
p
100
5
45
6(100) 15(p)
600 15p
600
15
500
45
100
p
100
2p
2
2
14
400 p
Eight is 400% of 2.
Page 162
45r
45
100
2(100) 14(r)
200 14r
200
14
3-7
100
11 r
The percent of increase is about 11%.
6. Find the amount of change. Since the new
amount is greater than the original, the percent
of change is a percent of increase.
16 14 2
the base.
8(100) 2(p)
800 2p
800
2
72r
72
5(100) 45(r)
500 45r
15p
15
40 p
Six is 40% of 15.
the percent.
a
b
8
2
50 r
The percent of decrease is 50%.
50 45 5
the base.
31 p
Four and thirty-four hundredths is 31% of 14.
the percent.
a
b
6
15
100
14r
14
14 r
7. The percent of change is a percent of decrease
because the new amount is less than the original.
Find the change.
150 120 30
Find the percent using the original number, 150,
as the base.
Percent of Change
1. Percent of increase and percent of decrease are

both percents of change. If the new number is
greater than the original number, the percent of
change is a percent of increase. If the new
number is less than the original number, the
percent of change is a percent of decrease.
2. Sample answer: If the original number is 10 and
the new number is 30, the percent proportion is
30 10
r
100 and the percent of change is 200%,
10
which is greater than 100%.
3. Laura; Cory used the new number as the base
instead of the original number.
Find the change.
72 36 36
30
150
100
30(100) 150(r)
3000 150r
3000
150
150r
150
20 r
8. The tax is 6.5% of the price of the software.
6.5% of $39.50 0.065 39.50
2.5675
Round $2.5675 to $2.57 since tax is always
rounded up to the nearest cent. Add this amount
to the original price.
$39.50 $2.57 $42.07
The total price of the software is $42.07.
99
Chapter 3

the base.
9. The tax is 5.75% of the price of the compact disc.

5.75% of $15.99 0.0575 15.99
0.919425
$15.99 $0.92 $16.91
The total price of the compact disc is $16.91.
10. The discount is 25% of the original price.
25% of $45 0.25 45
11.25
Subtract $11.25 from the original price.
$45.00 $11.25 $33.75
The discounted price of the jeans is $33.75.
33% of $19.95 0.33 19.95
6.5835
$19.95 $6.58 $13.37
The discounted price of the book is $13.37.
12. Find the amount of change.
40,478 22,895 17,583
Write the equation using the original number,
22,895, as the base.
17,583
22,895
7
25
7(100) 25(r)
700 25r
700
25
36
66
17,583
22,895
3600
66
100 .
100
94
58
9400
58
77 r
Practice and Apply
2650
13.7
58r
58
100
13.7r
13.7
193 r
Find the change.
15.6 11.4 4.2
50r
50
40 r
The percent of increase is 40%.
Find the change.
25 18 7
Chapter 3
26.5(100) 13.7(r)
2650 13.7r
100
100
26.5
13.7
20(100) 50(r)
2000 50r
2000
50
66r
66
162 r
40.2 13.7 26.5
Find the percent using the original number, 13.7,
as the base.

70 50 20
the base.
20
50
94(100) 58(r)
9400 58r
22,895r
22,895
Pages 162164
100
55 r
The percent of decrease is about 55%.
152 58 94
the base.
17,583(100) 22,895(r)
1,758,300 22,895r
1,758,300
22,895
25r
25
36(100) 66(r)
3600 66r
17,583
22,895
28 r
Find the change.
66 30 36
the base.
100
13. Find the percent by solving
100
100

as the base.

as the base.
4.2
15.6
2.3
9.8
100
2.3(100) 9.8(r)
230 9.8r
4.2(100) 15.6(r)
420 15.6r
420
15.6
230
9.8
15.6r
15.6
7.5
40
100
750
40
132r
132
3.5
25
100
350
25
85r
85
25r
25
100
64,000,000(100) 253,000,000(r)
6,400,000,000 253,000,000r
100
100
64,000,000
253,000,000
2.5(100) 32.5(r)
250 32.5r
250
32.5
40r
40
14 r
317,000,000 253,000,000 64,000,000
Find the percent using the original number,
253,000,000, as the base.
6r
Find the change.
32.5 30 2.5
as the base.
2.5
32.5
3.5(100) 25(r)
350 25r
5(100) 85(r)
500 85r
500
85
100
19 r
Find the change.
25 21.5 3.5
the base.
14 r
90 85 5
the base.
5
85
9.8r
9.8
7.5(100) 40(r)
750 40r
18(100) 132(r)
1800 132r
1800
132
23 r
Find the change.
40 32.5 7.5
the base.
27 r
150 132 18
as the base.
18
132
100
6,400,000,000
253,000,000
253,000,000r
253,000,000
25 r
27. Find the change.
2,000,000 1,400,000 600,000
Find the percent using the original number,
2,000,000, as the base.
32.5r
32.5
8r
12.1 9.8 2.3
600,000
2,000,000
100
600,000(100) 2,000,000(r)
60,000,000 2,000,000r
60,000,000
2,000,000
2,000,000r
2,000,000
30 r
101
Chapter 3
28. Let n the original number. Since 16% is a

percent of increase, the new number is more than
the original number. Therefore, 522 n
represents the amount of change.
522 n
n
16
100
34.
(522 n)(100) n(16)

52,200 100n 16n
52,200 100n 100n 16n 100n
52,200 116n
52,200
116
116n
116
450 n
The original number is 450.
29. Let f the amount of fat is one ounce of regular
chips. Since 25% is a percent of decrease, the
amount of fat in regular chips is more than the
amount of fat in reduced fat chips. Therefore,
f 6 represents the amount of change.
f 6
f
35.
25
100
(f 6)(100) f(25)
100f 600 25f
100f 600 100f 25f 100f
600 75f
600
75
36.
75f
75
8f
The least amount of fat in one ounce of regular
chips is 8 grams.
30. Let n the number of internet hosts in 1996.
Since 1054% is a percent of increase, the number
of internet hosts in 1996 is less than the number of
internet hosts in 2001. Therefore, 109,600,000 n
represents the amount of change.
109,600,000 n
n
37.
1054
100
(109,600,000 n)(100) n(1054)

10,960,000,000 100n 1054n
10,960,000,000 100n 100n 1054n 100n
10,960,000,000 1154n
10,960,000,000
1154
38.
1154n
1154
9,497,400 n
The number of internet hosts in 1996 was about
9.5 million.
31. The tax is 5.5% of the price of the umbrella.
5.5% of $14 0.055 14
0.77
Add this amount to the original price.
$14.00 $0.77 $14.77
The total price of the umbrella is $14.77.
32. The tax is 7% of the price of the backpack.
7% of $35 0.07 35
2.45
Add this amount to the original price.
$35.00 $2.45 $37.45
The total price of the backpack is $37.45.
33. The tax is 5.75% of the price of the candle.
5.75% of $7.50 0.0575 7.50
0.43125
Chapter 3
39.
40.
41.
102

rounded to the nearest cent. Add this amount to
the original price.
$7.50 $0.43 $7.93
The total price of the candle is $7.93.
The tax is 6.25% of the price of the hat.
6.25% of $18.50 0.0625 18.50
1.15625
the original price.
$18.50 $1.16 $19.66
The total price of the hat is $19.66.
The tax is 6.75% of the price of the clock radio.
6.75% of $39.99 0.0675 39.99
2.699325
the original price.
$39.99 $2.70 $42.69
The total price of the clock radio is $42.69.
The tax is 5.75% of the price of the sandals.
5.75% of $29.99 0.0575 29.99
1.724425
the original price.
$29.99 $1.72 $31.71
The total price of the sandals is $31.71.
The discount is 40% of the original price.
40% of $45 0.40 45
18
Subtract $18 from the original price.
$45.00 $18.00 $27.00
The discounted price of the shirt is $27.00.
20% of $6 0.20 6
1.20
$6.00 $1.20 $4.80
The discounted price of the socks is $4.80.
35% of $37.55 0.35 37.55
13.1425
$37.55 $13.14 $24.41
The discounted price of the watch is $24.41.
33% of $24.25 0.33 24.25
8.0025
$24.25 $8.00 $16.25
The discounted price of the gloves is $16.25.
45% of $175.95 0.45 175.95
79.1775
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
x 1.24
1.24

$175.95 $79.18 $96.77
The discounted price of the suit is $96.77.
30% of $79.99 0.30 79.99
23.997
$79.99 $24.00 $55.99
The discounted price of the coat is $55.99.
20% of $120 0.20 120
24
$120 $24 $96
The discounted price of the lamp is $96.
The tax is 6% of the discounted price of the lamp.
6% of $96 0.06 96
5.76
Add this amount to the discounted price.
$96.00 $5.76 $101.76
The total price of the lamp is $101.76.
30% of $70 0.30 70
21
$70 $21 $49
The discounted price of the dress is $49.
The tax is 7% of the discounted price of the dress.
7% of $49 0.07 49
3.43
$49.00 $3.43 $52.43
The total price of the dress is $52.43.
25% of $58 0.25 58
14.50
$58.00 $14.50 $43.50
The discounted price of the camera is $43.50.
The tax is 6.5% of the discounted price of the
camera.
6.5% of $43.50 0.065 43.50
2.8275
rounded up to the nearest cent.
$43.50 $2.83 $46.33
The total price of the camera is $46.33.
Let x the population in China in 2050. Since
22.6% is a percent of increase, the population in
2050 will be greater than the population in 1997.
Therefore, x 1.24 represents the amount of
change.
22.6
100
(x 1.24)(100) 1.24(22.6)
100x 124 28.024
100x 124 124 28.024 124
100x 152.024
100x
100
152.024
100
x 1.52024
The projected population of China is about 1.52
billion people in 2050.
Let x the population in India in 2050.
Since 57.8% is a percent of increase, the
population in 2050 will be greater than the
population in 1997. Therefore, x 0.97 represents
the amount of change.
x 0.97
0.97
57.8
100
(x 0.97)(100) 0.97(57.8)
100x 97 56.066
100x 97 97 56.066 97
100x 153.066
100x
100
153.066
100
x 1.53066
The projected population of India is about 1.53
Let x the population in the U.S. in 2050.
Since 44.4% is a percent of increase, the
population in 2050 will be greater than the
population in 1997. Therefore, x 0.27 represents
the amount of change.
x 0.27
0.27
44.4
100
(x 0.27)(100) 0.27(44.4)
100x 27 11.988
100x 27 27 11.988 27
100x 38.988
100x
100
38.988
100
x 0.38988
The projected population of the U.S. is about 0.39
47. Since the projected population for China is 1.52
billion people, for India is 1.53 billion people, and
for the U.S. is 0.39 billion people, India will be
the most populous in 2050.
x
49. Always; x% of y 1 100

y
y% of x 1 100
103
P
y
P
x
xy
or P 100;
xy
or P 100
Chapter 3
50. Find the amount of change and express this

change as a percent of the original number.
To find the percent of increase, first find the
amount of increase. Then find what percent
the amount of increase is of the original
number.
The percent of increase from 1996 to 1999 is
about 67%.
An increase of 100 is a very large increase if
the original number is 50, but a very small
increase if the original number is 100,000. The
percent of change will indicate whether the
change is large or small relative to the
original.
51. B; Find the amount of change.
910 840 70
Write the proportion using the original number,
840, as the base.
70
840
52. C; The discount is 30% of the original price.

30% of $249.00 0.30 249.00
74.70
$249.00 $74.70 $174.30
3t
3
67.
53.

3
15
a(15) 45(3)
15a 135
15a
15
2
3
d
55.
2(d) 3(8)
2d 24
2d
2
5.22
13.92
250.56
13.92
48
13.92t
13.92
6
6
5c
5
n 1
58.
18 4a 2
18 2 4a 2 2
20 4a
20
4
69.
30
5
c 6
2
5
70.
4a
4
4 54
60. 5 3 5 2
10
5 or 1 5
10
12
6
104
2a
2
9.5 a
28
7
22
2
p 11
5 4 2(a 5)
5 4 2a 10
5 14 2a
5 14 14 2a 14
19 2a
19
2
20
Chapter 3
12
4
d4
6(p 3) 4(p 1)
6p 18 4p 4
6p 18 4p 4p 4 4p
2p 18 4
2p 18 18 4 18
2p 22
2p
2
5a
59.
7d
7
d 12
18 t
56.
57.
6n 3 3
7 5c 23
6n 3 3 3 3
7 5c 7 23 7
6n 6
5c 30
6n
6
45
3
y 3
68. 7(d 3) 2 5
7d 21 2 5
7d 23 5
7d 23 23 5 23
7d 28
5.22(48) 13.92(t)
250.56 13.92t
24
2
t 15
7y 7 3y 5
7y 7 3y 3y 5 3y
4y 7 5
4y 7 7 5 7
4y 12
4y
4
135
15
a9
54.
27
64. False; 8y y2 y 10
?
8 4 42 4 10
?
8 4 16 14
?
32 16 14
16 14
65. True; 16p p 15p
?
16(2.5) 2.5 15(2.5)
?
40 2.5 37.5
37.5 37.5
66.
43 3t 2 6t
43 3t 6t 2 6t 6t
43 3t 2
43 3t 43 2 43
3t 45
a
45
1 42
62. True; a2 5 17 a 63. False; 2v2 v 65

?
?
32 5 17 3
2(5)2 5 65
?
?
9 5 14
2(25) 5 65
?
50 5 65
14 14
55 65
100
Page 164
1 32
61. 9 4 9 3
71.
8x 4 10x 50
8x 4 10x 10x 50 10x
18x 4 50
18x 4 4 50 4
18x 54
18x
18
5. 7 2(w 1) 2w 9
7 2w 2 2w 9
2w 9 2w 9
statement 7 2(w 1) 2w 9 is true for all
values of w.
6.
8(4 9r) 7(2 11r)
32 72r 14 77r
32 72r 77r 14 77r 77r
5r 32 14
5r 32 32 14 32
5r 18
54
18
x3
Page 164
1.
Practice Quiz 2
3x 7 18
3x 7 7 18 7
3x 25
3x
3
5r
5
25
3
25
r
x 3 or 8 3
Check:
?
?
25 7 18
18 18
1
The solution is 8 3.
5
4(5)
m 5
4
m 5
4 4
7.
2a
2
m 5
4
? 25 5
4
? 20
4
4y
4
h 2 or 1.5
24
10
4h 5 11
?
4(1.5) 5 11
?
6 5 11
11 11
4.
5d 6 3d 9
5d 6 3d 3d 9 3d
2d 6 9
2d 6 6 9 6
2d 15
Check:
d
15
2
15
2
24
x
3(x) 5(24)
3x 120
3x
3
120
3
x 40
y 5
8
20
4
y5
34 10 24
the base.
3
5
y(8) 4(y 5)
8y 4y 20
8y 4y 4y 20 4y
4y 20
4
2d
2
8.
10
2
y
4
9.
55
The solution is 25.
3.
4h 5 11
4h 5 5 11 5
4h 6
4h
4
a
a5
5
5
2
10
2(a) 10(1)
2a 10
20 m 5
20 5 m 5 5
25 m
Check:
or 3.6
8(4 9r) 7(2 11r)

?
8[4 9(3.6)] 7[2 11(3.6)]
?
8[4 32.4] 7[2 39.6]
?
8[36.4] 7[41.6]
291.2 291.2
3 8 3 7 18
2.
18
5
18
5
Check:
3x 7 18
1
100
24(100) 10(r)
2400 10r
2400
10
10r
10
240 r
Page 165
Reading Mathematics
1. original number: 166 lb

amount of change: 166 158 or 8 lb
166 158
166
8
166
or 7.5
5d 6 3d 9
?
5(7.5) 6 3(7.5) 9
?
37.5 6 22.5 9
31.5 31.5
Check:
100
r
100
8(100) 166(r)
800 166r
800
166
166r
166
5r
There was about a 5% decrease in Monsas weight.
105
Chapter 3
2. original number: 75 points

amount of change: 94 75 or 19 points
94 75
75
19
75
6.
100
r
100
4z b 2z c
4z b 2z 2z c 2z
2z b c
2z b b c b
2z c b
2z
2
19(100) 75(r)
1900 75r
1900
75
z
75r
75
The value of z
25 r
There was about a 25% increase in her score.
3. original number: 12 orders
amount of change: 18 12 or 6 orders
18 12
12
6
12
7.
3
100
p
b c
p
b c
12r
12
50 r
There was a 50% increase in production
1. (1) Subtract az from each side. (2) Add y to each

side. (3) Use the Distributive Property to write
ax az as a(x z). (4) Divide each side by x z.
2. t can be any number except 2.
10. A 2bh
1
A 63
The area is 63 ft2.
12. h
bh
h
h
b
The value of b is
b
9
b
9
13.
x
2 1
b 2bh
h
5a y 54
5a y y 54 y
5a 54 y
Practice and Apply
14.
5g h g
8t r 12t
5g h 5g g 5g
8t r 8t 12t 8t
h 4g
r 4t
h
4
h
4
Chapter 3
2
(A)
b
2A
b
2A
b
2(28)
8
Pages 168170
9x
9
The value of x is 9.
The value of
A 2bh
h7
The height is 7 ft.
2A
.
h
3x b 6x
3x b 3x 6x 3x
b 9x
11.
A 2(18) (7)
11 2
5a
5
5 t
m2
5 t
2A bh
5.
mw t 2w 5
mw t 2w 2w 5 2w
mw t 2w 5
mw t 2w t 5 t
mw 2w 5 t
w(m 2) 5 t
The value of w is m 2. Since division by 0 is

undefined, m 2 0 or m 2.
2A 2 2bh
4.
a
5 t
A 2bh
a(b c)
b c
wm2
2A
h
2A
h
w(m 2)
m 2
3. Sample answer: For a triangle, area is 2 times the

product of the length of the base times the height
1
or A 2bh. Solve for b.
1
2 3(c)
Solving Equations and Formulas
Page 168
c
The value of a is b c. Since division by 0 is

undefined, b c 0 or b c.
9.
3-8
y a
3
y a
3
c b
2
c b
2
c b
is 2 .
y a 3c
y a a 3c a
y 3c a
The value of y is 3c a.
8.
p a(b c)
100
6(100) 12(r)
600 12r
600
12
4g
4
g
The value of g is
54 y
5
54 y
54 y
5 or 5
54 y
a is 5 .
106
h
4 .
r
4
r
4
4t
4
t
r
The value of t is 4.
15.
y mx b
y b mx b b
y b mx
y b
x
y b
x
m
y b
.
x
3ax
3a
22.
a
y
The value of y
19.
23.
am z
7
am z
7
am z
is 7 .
4b
4
b
The value for
by 2
3
by 2
3
5x y
.
2
c
2 3(c)
3c 2
b
3c 2
y b
3c 2
value of y is b .
by
b
The
undefined, b 0.
24.
7
6c t
7
6c t
7
Since division by 0 is
b
2 7(b)
6c t 7b
6c t t 7b t
6c 7b t
km 5x 6y
km 5x 5x 6y 5x
km 6y 5x
6c
6
The value
undefined, k 0.
20.
4b 5 t
4b 5 5 t 5
4b t 5
a
by 2 3c
by 2 2 3c 2
by 3c 2
6y 5x
k
6y 5x
m k
6y 5x
of m is
.
k
2a
2
The value of a is
c 2b
5
c 2b
2b c
a 5 or 5
2b c
of a is 5 .
km
k
2
2 a(2)
5x y
2
5x y
2
9a 2b c 4a
9a 2b 4a c 4a 4a
5a 2b c
5a 2b 2b c 2b
5a c 2b
5a
5
5x y
a
5x y
a
by 0 is
5x y 2a
v r
7y
7
20 n
3a
20 n
n 20
3a or 3a
n 20
x is 3a . Since division
The value of
undefined, a 0.
at
t
The value
4
2 5(4)
The value of a is t . Since division by 0 is

undefined, t 0.
17.
3y z am 4y
3y z 4y am 4y 4y
7y z am
7y z z am z
7y am z
18.
3ax n
5
3ax n
5
3ax n 20
3ax n n 20 n
3ax 20 n
mx
x
The value of m is
undefined, x 0.
16.
v r at
v r r at r
v r at
v r
t
v r
t
21.
c
The value of
7b t
6
7b t
6
7b t
c is 6 .
c 4y b
25.
c b 4y b b
3
c b 4y
4
(c
3
4
(c
3
t 5
4
t 5
5 t
or 4
4
5 t
b is 4 .
1 2
4 3
b) 3 4y
b) y
The value of y is 3(c b).

3
m
5
26.
3
m
5
ab
aaba
3
m
5
5 3
m
3 5
ba
1 2 53(b a)
5
m 3(b a)
5
The value of m is 3(b a).
107
Chapter 3
S 2 (A t)
27.
2
(S)
n
2S
n
2S

t
n
2S
t
n
2S nt
n
2 n
n 2 (A t)
At
33. Five-eighths of
a number
x
14
42443
5
8
Att
A
A
The value of A is
undefined, n 0.
28. p(t 1) 2
p(t 1)
p
2S nt
.
n
2
c b
t r
c b
c b
a t r or r t
c b
a is r t . Since division
35.
2
2
1
(A) a b 2h(a
a b
2A
h
a b
2A
hab
2(60)
h 8 12
S
by 0 is
37. e
e
b)
w 10e
m
w 10e
m m
ms w
10e
10
10
ms w
e
10
w ms
e
10
w ms
10
410 5(76)

10
e3
Miguel made 3 errors.
38.
P
H2
(P)
1.2
39.
1.2W
H2
H 2 1.2W
H2
1.2
H 2P
W
1.2
H2P
W 1.2
W
32 30
1.2
W 225
The person weighs 225 lb.
40. Solve the formula for F.
R
(S P)R
six times
twice a
another
minus
p 1424
equals3 number
plus
one.
1
424
3 number
14243
1442443q 1
23 1
23
2p
6q

1
S F P
S P
S F P
(S P) S P
(S P )R S F P
(S P)R S S F P S
(S P)R S F P
(S P)R S P F P P
(S P)R S P F
F (S P)R S P
F (900 900)6 900 900
F 9000
9000 grams of fuel should be loaded.
5 2p 6q 1
5 2p 5 6q 1 5
2p 6q 4
6q 4
2
p 3q 2 or 2 3q
The value of p is 2 3q.
Chapter 3
33
ms w 10e
ms w w 10e w
ms w 10e
r6
r65
r 11
of t is r 11.
y
m(s)
A
number
t 123
minus 1
five
equals another
number
plus
six.
14
4244
3
23 123
1444244
43r 1
23 1
23
t

5

r

6
2p
2
2 1 2
36.
The value of g
division by 0 is
undefined, 2 h 0 or h 2.
Five
1
23
5
y
h6
The height is 6 meters.
5 m
2 h
5 m
g 2h
5 m
is 2 h . Since
32.
1
y
2
1
y
2
1
y
2
1
2 2y
A 2h(a b)
The value of
undefined, r t 0 or r t.
30.
2g m 5 gh
2g m gh 5 gh gh
2g m gh 5
2g m gh m 5 m
2g gh 5 m
g(2 h) 5 m
t5
t55
t
The value
5
x3
8
5
x3
8
5
x3
8
5
x6
4
34.
undefined, p 0.
29.
at b ar c
at b ar ar c ar
at b ar c
at b ar b c b
at ar c b
a(t r) c b
31.
5
x
8
plus
1
23
2
p
2
t1 p
2
t11 p 1
2
t p 1
2 p
t p
2 p
The value of t is p .
g(2 h)
2 h
x
1
2
The value of y is 4x 6.
a(t r)
t r
one-half of
another
number
14
44244
43y
is
{
108
three.
1
23
3

$15.00 $5.25 $9.75
The discounted price of the scarf is $9.75.
15% of $299 0.15 299
44.85
$299.00 $44.85 $254.15
The discounted price of the television is $254.15.
41. Solve for h.

V r2h
V
r2h
r2
r2
V
h
r2
V
h r2
h
1202 22
5453
h 17.4
The height of the container should be about
17.4 cm.
42. The area of the arrow is the sum of the area of
the triangle with base 3s and height s and
the square with side length s.
2
9
49.
a
2(a) 9(5)
2a 45
2a
2
45
2
45
2
a
a 222 or 22.5
A 2(3s)(s) s2
A 2s2 s2
x
4x 4
120
32
15
4
3
34
15 2 y 2
32t
32
t
t or 3.75 t
3
4
(x 1)(4) 8(3)
4x 4 24
4x 4 4 24 4
4x 20
4x
4
20
4
x5
5 y
.
2
1
4
0.25
1
4
0.5
0.5 0.555555 p or about 0.56

0.2 0.2
0.2 6 0.25 6 0.5 6 0.56
greatest are 0.2, 4, 3 4, 0.5.
2(5 y)
10 2y
45. C; A 2bh
A 2(16)(7)

25 2.23606797 p or about 2.2.
3 3.0
A 56
The area of the triangle is 56 m2.
2
3
Page 170
x 1
8
51.
5 y
2
5 y
2
Now, replace x in 4x with
8
15(8) 32(t)
120 32t
43. Equations from physics can be used to determine

the height needed to produce the desired results.
Use the following steps to solve for h. (1) Use
the Distributive Property to write the
1
equation in the form 195g hg 2mv2.
(2) Subtract 195 from each side. (3) divide
each side by g.
The second hill should be 157 ft.
44. B; First, solve 2x y 5 for x.
2x y 5
2x y y 5 y
2x 5 y
2x
2
15
32
50.
A 2 s2
0.666666 p or about 0.7.
1.1 1.1
0.7 6 1.1 6 2.2 6 3.0
2
greatest are 3, 1.1, 25, 3.

20% of $85 0.20 85
17
$85 $17 $68
The discounted price of the camera is $68.00.
35% of $15 0.35 15
5.25
54. 2.18 (5.62) ( 05.62 0 02.18 0 )

(5.62 2.18)
3.44
109
Chapter 3
1 32
5.
55. 2 4 4 4
`

1
4
2
10
3
2
` ` `
4
4
10
The equation is 0.10(6 p) 1.00p 0.40(6).

6. 0.10(6 p) 1.00p 0.40(6)
0.6 0.1p p 2.4
0.6 0.9p 2.4
0.6 0.9p 0.6 2.4 0.6
0.9p 1.8
134 24 2
6
56. 3 5 15 15
15 15
0.9p
0.9
11015 156 2
16
15 or 115
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.

Symmetric Property of Equality
Reflexive Property of Equality
Substitution Property of Equality
6(2 t) 6(2) 6(t)
12 6t
62. (5 2m)3 (5)3 (2m)3
15 6m
63. 7(3a b) 7(3a) (7)(b)
21a (7b)
21a 7b
2
Units(lb) Price per Unit (lb) Total Price
4h 6
65.
Walnuts
10
$4.00
Cashews
$7.00
1 32
5t) 5(15) 5 (5t)
9 (3t)
9 3t
66. 0.25(6p 12) 0.25(6p) 0.25(12)
1.5p 3
7.00 c
Mixture
10 c
$5.50
5.50(10 c)
1.5c
1.5
15
1.5
c 10
10 pounds of cashews should be mixed with
10 pounds of walnuts.
4(1) 3(1) 4(1) 3(1) 4
3-9
9.
Weighted Averages
Page 174
11112
1. Sample answer: grade point average

2. The formula d rt is used to solve uniform
motion problems. In the formula, d represents
distance, r represents rate, and t represents time.
3. Let d the number of dimes.
Quarters
Number
of Coins
Value of
Each Coin
$0.10
0.10d
d8
$0.25
0.25(d 8)
Total
Value
First Cyclist
Second Cyclist
Distance traveled
by first cyclist
1444244
43
20t
Quarts
Amount of Orange Juice
10% Juice
6p
0.10(6 p)
100% Juice
1.00p
40% Juice
0.40(6)
43432
1
42
16
412
3.56
Her GPA was about 3.56.
10. Let t the number of hours until the two cyclists
are 15 miles apart.
4.
Chapter 3
112 2
Dimes
4.00(10)
Price of
price of
price of
walnuts
plus
cashews
equals
mixture.
1
424
3 123 1
424
3 123
1
424
3
4.00(10)

7.00c

5.50(10 c)
4.00(10) 7.00c 5.50(10 c)
40 7c 55 5.5c
40 7c 5.5c 55 5.5c 5.5c
40 1.5c 55
40 1.5c 40 55 40
1.5c 15
64. 3(6h 9) 3(6h) 3(9)

3
5(15
1.8
0.9
p2
2 quarts of pure orange juice
7. Replace p in 6 p with 2.
6p62
4
4 quarts of 10% juice
8. Let C the number of pounds cashews in the
mixture.
10
6
` ` ` `
15
15
Amount of orange
amount of orange
amount of orange
juice in 10% juice plus juice in 100% juice equals juice in 40% juice.
144424443 123 144424443 123 144424443
0.10(6 p)

1.00p

0.40(6)
minus
123
r
20
14
t
t
t
distance traveled
by
second cyclist
1
444244
43
14t
d rt
20t
14t
equals
123
15.
1
23
15
20t 14t 15
6t 15
6t
6
15
6
t 2.5
The cyclists will be 15 miles apart in 2.5 hours.
110
Pages 174177
21. 40t 30t 245

70t 245
Practice and Apply
11.
Number of Price per
Dozens
Dozen
Peanut Butter
Cookies
Chocolate Chip
Cookies
12.
$6.50
6.50p
p 85
$9.00
9.00(p 85)
1444442444443 123
t
sales of the
chocolate chip cookies
equals
9.00(p 85)
1444442444443 1
424
3
15.5p
15.5
22. Let s the number of rolls of solid gift wrap sold.

Rolls Price per Roll Total Price
Solid Wrap
s
$4.00
4.00s
Print Wrap 480 s
$6.00
6.00(480 s)
total
sales.
123
4055.50
Price
of solid wrap 1
plus
of print wrap 123
equals $2340.
144424443
23 price
144424443
123
4.00s

6.00(480 s)

2340
4.00s 6.00(480 s) 2340

4s 2880 6s 2340
2880 2s 2340
2880 2s 2880 2340 2880
2s 540
4820.5
15.5
2s
2
p 311
311 doz peanut butter cookies were sold.
14. Replace p in p 85 with 311.
p 85 311 85
226
226 doz chocolate chip cookies were sold.
15.
16.
Value
of 43
gold
14424
270g
Number of
Ounces
g
15 g
15
plus
1
23
Price per
Ounce
$270
$5
$164
value of silver
1442443
5(15 g)
equals
123
265g
265
Value
270g
5(15 g)
164(15)
Units (lb)
Price per
Unit (lb)
Total Price
$6.40 coffee
$6.40
6.40(9)
$7.28 coffee
$7.28
7.28p
$6.95 coffee
9p
$6.95
6.95(9 p)
0.33p
0.33
g9
9 oz of gold was used.
18. Replace g in 15 g with 9.
15 g 15 9
6
6 oz of silver was used.
19.
r
40
30
540
2
Price of
price of
price of
$6.40
coffee
plus
$7.28
coffee
equals
$6.95
coffee.
1442443 123 1442443 123 14243
6.40(9)

7.28p
6.95(9 p)
6.40(9) 7.28p 6.95(9 p)
57.6 7.28p 62.55 6.95p
57.6 7.28p 6.95p 62.55 6.95p 6.95p
57.6 0.33p 62.55
57.6 0.33p 57.6 62.55 57.6
0.33p 4.95
value
of alloy.
14424
43
164(15)
2385
265
Eastbound Train
Westbound Train
s 270
480 s 480 270 or 210
270 rolls of solid wrap and 210 rolls of print wrap
were sold.
23. Let p the number of pounds of the $7.28 coffee
in the mixture.
The equation is 270g 5(15 g) 164(15).

17. 270g 5(15 g) 164(15)
270g 75 5g 2460
265g 75 2460
265g 75 75 2460 75
265g 2385
20.
245
70
1
32
The trains will be 245 miles apart in 32 hours.
The equation is 6.50p 9.00( p 85) 4055.50.

13. 6.50p 9.00( p 85) 4055.50
6.5p 9p 765 4055.5
15.5p 765 4055.5
15.5p 765 765 4055.5 765
15.5p 4820.5
Gold
Silver
Alloy
Sales of the
peanut butter cookies plus
6.50p
70t
70
Total
Price
4.95
0.33
p 15
15 pounds of the $7.28 coffee should be mixed
with 9 pounds of the $6.40 coffee.
t
t
t
d rt
40t
30t
Distance traveled
distance traveled
by
eastbound train 123
plus by
westbound train equals
144424443
144424443
123
40t

30t
245
1
23.
245
The equation is 40t 30t 245.
111
Chapter 3
27. Let x the amount of 25% solution to be added.
24. Let w the number of gallons of whipping cream.
Whipping
Cream
2% Milk
4% Milk
Units
(gal)
Percent
Butterfat
Total
Butterfat
w
35w
35
9%
2%
4%
0.09w
0.02(35 w)
0.04(35)
25% Solution
60% Solution
30% Solution
0.25x 0.60(140 x) 0.30(140)

0.25x 84 0.60x 42
84 0.35x 42
84 0.35x 84 42 84
0.35x 42
0.35x
0.35
w 10
35 w 35 10 or 25
10 gallons of whipping cream should be mixed
with 25 gallons of 2% milk.
25. Let x the amount of 25% copper to be added.
40% Glycol
60% Glycol
48% Glycol
Amount of Alloy Amount of Copper

x
0.25x
50% Copper
1000 x
0.50(1000 x)
45% Copper
1000
0.45(1000)
Amount of
copper in
25% copper
plus
14243 1
23
0.25x
amount of
copper in
50% copper
amount of
copper in
equals 45% copper.
0.45(1000)
0.20x
0.20
r
500
29.
85(3) 92(3) 82(1) 75(1) 95(1)

3 3 1 1 1
255 276 82 75 95

9
783
9
87
The average grade is 87.
30. Let t the number of hours until the helicopter
reaches the trawler.
d
r t
1000
3
1
3333
1
or 3333 miles
or 500 miles per hour

per hour
You must find the weighted average.
1
500(2) 3333(3)
M
23
2000
5
Trawler
Helicopter
r
30
300
t
t
t
d rt
30t
300t
Distance traveled
distance traveled
by trawler
plus
by helicopter
equals
660
144424443
123
144424443
123 1
42km.
43
30t

300t

660
400
The airplanes average speed was 400 mph.
Chapter 3
12
0.20
x 60
100 x 100 60 or 40
60 gallons of 40% antifreeze should be mixed with
40 gallons of 60% antifreeze.
50
0.25
x 200
1000 x 1000 200 or 800
200 g of 25% copper alloy should be mixed with
800 g of 50% copper alloy.
26. To find the average speed for each leg of the trip,
d
rewrite d rt as r t .
East
South
d
t
1000
2
Amount of
Glycol
0.40x
0.60(100 x)
0.48(100)
0.40x 0.60(100 x) 0.48(100)

0.40x 60 0.60x 48
60 0.20x 48
60 0.20x 60 48 60
0.20x 12
0.25x 0.50(1000 x) 0.45(1000)

0.25x 500 0.50x 450
500 0.25x 450
500 0.25x 500 450 500
0.25x 50
0.25x
0.25
Amount of
Solution
x
100 x
100
Amount of
amount of
amount of
glycol in
glycol in
glycol in
40% solution 1
plus
60% solution 123
equals 1442443
48% solution.
1442443
23 1442443
0.40x

0.60(100 x)

0.48(100)
14243 123 14243
0.50(1000 x)
42
0.35
x 120
140 x 140 120 or 20
120 mL of 25% solution should be mixed with
20 mL of 60% solution.
28. Let x the amount of 40% glycol to be added.
0.7
0.07
25% Copper
Amount of
Copper Sulfate
0.25x
0.60(140 x)
0.30(140)
Amount of
amount of
amount of
copper sulfate
copper sulfate
copper sulfate
in
25% solution 123
plus in
60% solution 123
equals in
30% solution.
1442443
1442443
1442443
0.25x

0.60(140 x)

0.30(140)
Amount of
butterfat in
amount of
amount of
whipping
butterfat
butterfat
cream
plus
in
2%
milk
equals
in
4%
milk.
14243 123 144244
3 123 1
44
244
3
0.09w
0.02(35 w)

0.04(35)
0.09w 0.02(35 w) 0.04(35)
0.09w 0.7 0.02w 1.4
0.07w 0.7 1.4
0.07w 0.7 0.7 1.4 0.7
0.07w 0.7
0.07w
0.07
Amount of
Solution
x
140 x
140
112
30t 300t 660

330t 660
330t
330
0.25(16 x) 1.00x 0.40(16)

4 0.25x x 6.4
4 0.75x 6.4
4 0.75x 4 6.4 4
0.75x 24
660
330
t2
The helicopter will reach the trawler in 2 hours.
31. Let t the number of seconds until the cheetah
catches its prey.
r
90
70
Cheetah
Prey
equals
distance traveled
by prey
90t
70t
1442443
123
1444442444443
plus
300 ft.
300
14243
Express Train
Local Train
123
90t 70t 300

90t 70t 70t 300 70t
20t 300
20t
20
t 15
The cheetah will catch the prey in 15 seconds.
32. Let t the number of seconds until the sprinter
catches his opponent.
r
8.2
8
Distance traveled
by sprinter
equals
1442443
1
4243
8.2t

8.2t 8(t 1)
8.2t 8t 8
8.2t 8t 8t 8 8t
0.2t 8
0.2t
0.2
t
t
t1
32t
32
8(t 1)
0.2
t 40
Distance traveled by sprinter is 8.2t 8.2(40) or
328 meters. Therefore, the sprinter would not
catch his opponent in a 200-meter race.
33. Let x the amount of 100% antifreeze to be
added.
25% of Antifreeze
100% Antifreeze
40% Antifreeze
t
d rt
t
80t
t 2 48(t 2)
96
32
t3
The distance from Ironton to Wildwood is
80t 80(3) or 240 km.
35. R [50 2000(C A) 8000(T A)
10,000(I A) 100(Y A)] 24
[50 2000(297 474) 8000(33 474)
10,000(16 474) 100(3937 474)] 24
98.0
Daunte Culpeppers rating was about 98.0.
36. Sample answer: How many grams of salt must be
added to 40 grams of a 28% salt solution to obtain
a 40% salt solution?
37. A weighted average is used to determine a
skaters average. Answers should include the
following.
The score of the short program is added to
twice the score of the long program. The sum
is divided by 3.
d rt
8.2t
8(t 1)
distance traveled
by opponent.
1444244
43
Amount of
Solution
16 x
x
16
r
80
48
Distance traveled
distance traveled
by
express
train
equals
by local
train.
144424443 123 144
424
443
80t

48(t 2)
80t 48(t 2)
80t 48t 96
80t 48t 48t 96 48t
32t 96
300
20
Sprinter
Opponent
2.4
0.75
x 3.2
3.2 quarts of pure antifreeze must replace 25%
antifreeze solution.
34. Let t the time the express train travels.
d rt
90t
70t
t
t
t
Distance traveled
by cheetah
0.75x
0.75
4.9(1) 5.2(2)
1 2
Amount of
Antifreeze
0.25(16 x)
1.00x
0.40(16)
5.1
38. D;
Amount
Amount at 4.5%
d
Amount at 6% 6000 d
Interest Amount of
Rate
Interest
4.5%
0.045d
6%
0.06(6000 d)
39. C;
Amount of
amount of
amount of
antifreeze
antifreeze
antifreeze
in 25%
in 100%
in 40%
solution
plus
solution
equals
solution.
14243 123 14243 123 14243
0.25(16 x)
1.00x

0.40(16)
r
d
t
616
16 2
616
14
44 mph
113
Chapter 3
Page 177
40.
46. (2b)(3a) 2(3)ab

6ab
47. 3x(3y) (6x)(2y) 3(3)xy (6)(2)xy
9xy 12xy
(9 12)xy
3xy
48. 5s(6t) 2s(8t) 5(6)st 2(8)st
30st (16)st
30st 16st
(30 16)st
46st
coordinates are {. . ., 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3}.
50. The dots indicate each point on the graph.
The coordinates are {0, 2, 5, 6, 8}.
3t 4 6t s
3t 4 6t 6t s 6t
3t 4 s
3t 4 4 s 4
3t s 4
3t
3
t
a6
41.
4(a 6)
s 4
3
s 4
s 4
or 3
3
b 1
4
b 1
4 4
4a 24 b 1
4a 24 1 b 1 1
4a 25 b
Find the change.
25 14 11
the base.
11
25
Page 178
1.
100
16.95(56) 12.59(97) 10.75(124) 10.15(71) 11.25(69) 9.95(45)

56 97 124 71 69 45
949.20 1221.23 1333 720.65 776.25 447.75

56 97 124 71 69 45
5448.08
462
11(100) 25(r)
1100 25r
1100
25
25r
25
11.7923810
The average price was about $11.79.
44 r
42 35 7
the base.
7
35
2.
18.65(56) 13.85(97) 11.83(124) 11.17(71) 12.38(69) 10.95(45)

56 97 124 71 69 45
35r
35
20 r
300 244 56
as the base.
56
244
5994.81
462
4.
16.95(50) 12.59(50) 10.75(50) 10.15(50) 11.25(50) 9.95(50)
50 50 50 50 50 50
847.50 629.50 537.50 507.50 562.50 497.50

50 50 50 50 50 50
3582
300
11.94
The weighted average is $11.94.
244r
244
16.95 12.59 10.75 10.15 11.25 9.95

6
23 r
71.64
6
11.94
The average of the per-pound coffee prices is $11.94.
The average of the prices per pound is the same
as the weighted average if the same number of
pounds of each type are sold. This is because each
price is multiplied by the same weight, and then
that weight is divided out.
45. The probability that the event will occur is 3, so

1
the probability that it will not occur is 3.
2 1
odds of event occurring 3:3 or 2:1
The odds that the event will occur are 2:1.
Chapter 3
1044.40 1343.45 1466.92 793.07 854.22 492.75

56 97 124 71 69 45
12.9757792
100
The weighted average increased by 10% to about

$12.98.
56(100) 244(r)
5600 244r
5600
244
1005.20 1318.23 1457 791.65 845.25 492.75

56 97 124 71 69 45
5910.08
462
12.7923809
The weighted average increases by $1.00 to about
$12.79.
3. Multiply each price by 1.1.
100
17.95(56) 13.59(97) 11.75(124) 11.15(71) 12.25(69) 10.95(45)

56 97 124 71 69 45
7(100) 35(r)
700 35r
700
35
(Follow-Up of Lesson 39)
114

Page 179
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
23.
Addition
ratio
different
explore
identity
3x 2
increase
Dimensional analysis
weighted average
8 and 9
25.
27.
29.
4

z
3z
The equation is 4 3z z 2.
13. The sum of the square
of a and the cube of b is 16.
1444442444443 { {
a2 b3
16
12r 2
12
4
4
4
4v
4
1v
c
4
30.
c
4
8 8 42 8
51
1 2 3(51)
8 42
4
c
4
c
4
34
1 2 4(34)
c 136
7
2 7(7)
4d 5 49
4d 5 5 49 5
4d 44
32.
44
4
7n (1)
8
7n (1)
8
8
2 8(8)
7n (1) 64
7n (1) 1 64 1
7n 65
Sixteen minus the product of 9 and a number r is equal to r.
7n
7
n
33.
65
7
65
7
or 97
n 2 4 2n
n 2 2n 4 2n 2n
3n 2 4
3n 2 2 4 2
3n 6
3n
3
3
n2
34. 3t 2(t 3) t
3t 2t 6 t
t6t
t6ttt
6 0
has no solution.
r 2 4
3
or 833
10 r
6 4v 2
6 2 4v 2
4 4v
y 153
31.
250
3
d 11
6 6 45 6
4d 5
7
4d 5
7
y
r
28.
6 45
y
3
y
3
2(5) 2
a 10
4p 7 5
4p 7 7 5 7
4p 12
y
3
52
26.
1 2 25(25)

15.
r 21 37
r 21 21 37 21
r 16
16.
14 c 5
14 c 14 5 14
c 19
17.
27 6 p
27 6 6 p 6
21 p
18.
b (14) 6
b (14) 14 6 14
b 20
19.
d (1.2) 7.3
d 1.2 7.3
d 1.2 1.2 7.3 1.2
d 8.5
1 12
25
4d
4
The equation is a2 b3 16.

14. 16

9r
1 12
5y 50
3 5y 3(50)
p3
11. Three times

a number n decreased by 21 is 57.
1442443 1442443 { { {

21 57
3n
The equation is 3n 21 57.
12.
three is equal
Four
minus
times
to
z decreased by 2.
123 14243 14243z 14243
{ 144424443 {
20.
5
a
2
2 5
a
5 2
24.
1 2 43(30)
4p
4
y
3
30
n 40
Pages 179184
3
n
4
4 3
n
3 4
r 2 2 4 2
21. 6x 42
6x
6
42
6
x 7
r 4
22. 7w 49
7w
7
49
7
w7
115
Chapter 3
3 6y 2 6y
35.
3y2
3y323
y 1
6s
6
1
1
x 2
6
x 2
6
2
2 612x 2
x 2 3x
x 2 x 3x x
2 2x
2
2
8
40
2x
2
38.
800
40
b 3
8.3h 2.2 6.1h 8.8
8.3h 2.2 6.1h 6.1h 8.8 6.1h
2.2h 2.2 8.8
2.2h 2.2 2.2 8.8 2.2
2.2h 6.6
6
15
45
6(45) 15(n)
270 15n
270
15
3800
50
55x
55
18 n
41.
12
d
42.
20d
20
9d
2
3
43.
14
20
385
55
21
m
14(m) 20(21)
14m 420
14m
14
2.1
35
m 30
210
35
b 5
9
50r
50
100
35r
35
6r
48. The tax is 6.25% of the price of the book.
6.25% of $14.95 0.0625 14.95
0.934375
the original price.
$14.95 + $0.93 = $15.88
The total price of the book is $15.88.
3b
3
1b
Chapter 3
100
2.1(100) 35(r)
210 35r
420
14
2(9) 3(b 5)
18 3b 15
18 15 3b 15 15
3 3b
3
3
40r
40
76 r
37.1 35 2.1
the base.
35
55
x7
20
15
12(15) d(20)
180 20d
180
20
x
11
x (55) 11(35)
55x 385
15n
15
38(100) 50(r)
3800 50r
6.6
2.2
40.
100
38
50
h 3
39.
96
6
20 r
88 50 38
the base.
1
2.2h
2.2
8(100) 40(r)
800 40r
1 x
37.
2(b 3) 3(b 1)
2b 6 3b 3
2b 6 3b 3b 3 3b
b 6 3
b 6 6 3 6
b 3
b
1
9
4
s 16
Find the change.
40 32 8
the base.
y1
36.
s
6(s 4) 8(9)
6s 24 72
6s 24 24 72 24
6s 96
3 6y 6y 2 6y 6y
y
1
6
8
44.
116
55. Let r the speed of the slower airplane.

20% of $12.99 0.20 12.99
2.598
$12.99 $2.60 $10.39
The discounted price of the T-shirt is $10.39.
50. 5x y
5x
5
Slower Airplane
Faster Airplane
r132 1r 8023 2940

3r 3r 240 2940
6r 240 2940
6r 240 240 2940 240
6r 2700
5
y
x5
6r
6
51.
ay b c
ay b b c b
ay c b
1.
2.
3.
4.
number
every
greater than
The sum of twice x
and three times y 14243
is equal to 1
thirteen.
144424443
4243
2x 3y

13
The equation is 2x 3y 13.
5. Two
thirds of a number is negative eight-fifths.
14243
{ 14243 { 144
4424
4443
2
8

n

3
5
(c y)x
c y
x
x
a
2y a
3
a 3b
4
The value
15 k 8
15 k 15 8 15
k 23
15 k 8
Check:
?
15 23 8
88
The solution is 23.
7. 1.2x 7.2
6.
7a 9b
8
7a 9b
y
8
7a 9b
of y is
.
8
54. Let x the number of pounds of the $7.28 coffee

to be added.
Units
(lb)
$8.40 Coffee
9
$7.28 Coffee
x
$7.95 Coffee 9 x
Price per
Unit (lb)
$8.40
$7.28
$7.95
1.2x
1.2
7.2
1.2
x 6
1.2x 7.2
Check:
?
1.2(6) 7.2
7.2 7.2
The solution is 6.
8.
k 16 21
k 16 16 21 16
k 5
k 16 21
Check:
?
5 16 21
21 21
The solution is 5.
Total
Price
8.40(9)
7.28x
7.95(9 x)
8.40(9) 7.28x 7.95(9 x)

75.60 7.28x 71.55 7.95x
75.60 7.28x 7.95x 71.55 7.95x 7.95x
75.60 0.67x 71.55
75.60 0.67x 75.60 71.55 75.60
0.67x 4.05
0.67x
0.67
The equation is 3 n 5.
4(2y a) 3(a 3b)

8y 4a 3a 9b
8y 4a 4a 3a 9b 4a
8y 7a 9b
8y
8
2700
6
Page 185
The value of x is y c. Since division by 0 is

undefined, y c 0 or y c.
53.
d rt
r(3)
1r 8023
The
undefined, a 0.
52.
yx a cx
yx a yx cx yx
a cx yx
a (c y)x
a
c y
a
c y
a
y c
t
3
3
r 450
r 80 450 80 or 530
The speed of the slower plane was 450 mph, and
the speed of the faster plane was 530 mph.
c b
a
c b
y a
c b
value of y is a .
ay
a
r
r
r 80
4.05
0.67
x 6.04477612
About 6 lb of $7.28 coffee should be mixed with
9 lb of $8.40 coffee.
117
Chapter 3
9.
4
t 7
4
t 7
4
14. 5a 125
11
2 4(11)
5a
5
t 7

4
51 7 ?

4
44 ?

4
5a 125
?
5(25) 125
125 125
The solution is 25.
11
11
11
r
5
2r
5
2r
5
3
3
2r
5
16
16
5 3 3 16 3
y 36
5 5 5(19)
1 2 43(27)
5 19
3
y
4
1 r2
r 95
27
?
3
(36)
4
12 7
12 7 7
19
3(19) 3
57 y
Check:
y
3
y
3
0.1r
0.1
1 2
?
0.1r 19
?
0.1(190) 19
y
3
57
3
19 19
12 7 19
17.
12 12
The solution is 57.
12.
t (3.4) 5.3
t (3.4) (3.4) 5.3 (3.4)
t 8.7
t (3.4) 5.3
Check:
?
8.7 (3.4) 5.3
5.3 5.3
13.
3(x 5) 8x 18
3x 15 8x 18
3x 15 8x 8x 18 8x
11x 15 18
11x 15 15 18 15
11x 33
19
0.1
r 190
Check:
12 7
3
3z 9
2
1 42
2 3z 2 9
2
z3
The solution
12
2 2 ?

3
4
9
2
is 3.
3
18.
3z 9
Check:
9
4
9
w 11 4.6
w 11 11 4.6 11
w 6.4
w
1
6.4
1
w 6.4
w 11 4.6
?
6.4 11 4.6
4.6 4.6
19.
2p 1 5p 11
2p 1 5p 5p 11 5p
3p 1 11
3p 1 1 11 1
3p 12
Check:
33
11
x 3
3(x 5) 8x 18
Check:
?
3(3 5) 8(3) 18
?
3(2) 24 18
6 6
The solution is 3.
3p
3
12
3
p4
Chapter 3
16
19 3 38 16
22 22
The solution is 95.
16. 0.1r 19
7
12 7
2r
16
5
? 2(95)
5
3
?
y
3
11x
11
r
5
95
5
Check:
27
27 27
The solution is 36.
y
3
2r
5
5 3 16
27
3
y
4
4 3
y
3 4
Check:
11.
r
5
15.
11 11
The solution is 51.
10.
125
5
a 25
Check:
t 7 44
t 7 7 44 7
t 51
Check:
118
2p 1 5p 11
?
2(4) 1 5(4) 11
?
8 1 20 11
99
The solution is 4.
20.
25 7w 46
25 7w 25 46 25
7w 21
Check:
7w
7
26.
h 0.25vt2
t
h 0.25vt2
t
21
7
11
22.
36(11) t(9)
396 9t
396
9
9t
9
52n
52
x
2.00x 2.50(30 x) 178.50

2x 75 2.5x 178.50
4.5x 75 178.50
4.5x 75 75 178.50 75
4.5x 103.50
10
1
5(x 1) 12(10)
5x 5 120
5x 5 5 120 5
5x 125
5x
5
4.5x
4.5
125
5
r
100
36(100) 45(r)
3600 45r
3600
45
t
t
The River Rover
10
t2
10 t 2
8t 10t 5
8t 10t 10t 5 10t
2t 5
2t
2
5
2
5
t 2 or 2.5
The River Rover overtakes The Yankee Clipper
2.5 hours after 9:00 A.M. or at 11:30 A.M.
30. B;
100
d rt
8t
r
8
8(100) 12(r)
800 12r
800
12
103.50
4.5
The Yankee Clipper
8t 10 t 2
45r
45
80 r
20 12 8
the base.
8
12
x 23
30 x 30 23 or 53
23 cups of espresso were sold, and 53 cups of
cappuccino were sold.
29. Let t the number of hours the Yankee Clipper
traveled.
x 25
Find the change.
45 9 36
the base.
36
45
Cups Price per Cup Total Price

Espresso
x
$2.00
2.00x
Cappuccino 30 x
$2.50
2.50(30 x)
13
52
n 4 or 0.25
5
12
The
undefined, a 0.
28. Let x the number of cups of espresso sold.
3.25
52
n(52) 4(3.25)
52n 13
44 t
23.
a
b a
a
b a
y a
b a
value of y is a .
ay
a
n
4
at
t
h 0.25vt2
.
t
w 3
25 7w 46
?
25 7(3) 46
?
25 (21) 46
46 46
The solution is 3.
36
t
The value of a is
undefined, t 0.
27.
a(y 1) b
ay a b
ay a a b a
ay b a
Check:
21.
h at 0.25vt2
h 0.25vt2 at 0.25vt2 0.25vt2
h 0.25vt2 at
4
5
20
4 54
12
20
12
20
2x
20
1 2 201202x 2
12 2x
12r
12
12
2
67 r
2x
2
6x
119
Chapter 3
10. F 5C 32
9
5(5) 32
9 32
23
The temperature is 23F.
11. There are five pairs of black socks, and there are
3 pairs of socks that are not black.
5
odds of black 3
Pages 186187
1. C; P 2/ 2w
2(15) 2(6)
30 12
42
2. C; 65 percent is less than 100 percent, and 100
percent equals 1. Therefore, 65 percent of 20 is
less than 1 times 20 or 20.
3. B; From the bar graph we see that the plant is
about 4 cm tall at the end of the fifth week and
growing about 1 cm a week. Therefore, at the end
of the sixth week the plants height should be
about 4 1 or 5 cm.
4. D; Write each probability as a decimal.
25% 0.25
1 in 4 0.25
1
5
The odds of choosing a black pair are 5:3.

12. Let n age of the youngest sister.
Then n 1 age of the next oldest sister, and
n 2 age of the oldest sister.
The
sum of the ages of the three sisters {
is 39.
1444444442444444443
{
n (n 1) (n 2)
n (n 1) (n 2) 39
3n 3 39
3n 3 3 39 3
3n 36
0.20
3n
3
0.3 0.30
0.20 6 0.25 6 0.30
Therefore, 0.3 is the greatest probability.
5. A; Profit Revenue minus costs.
p 24.95n (0.8n 575)
p 24.95n 0.8n 575
p (24.95 0.8)n 575
6. D; 8(x 2) 12
8x 16 12
1
(8x
4
Then Tyson drove
3
x
2
x
2
36 x
1
8. D; The sum of x and y is

144424443 {
1
xy

x
x
1
y
0
0
1
y
x(xy 5)
4

Chapter 3
500
435
65
290
2
65
145 65
210
Tyson drove 210 miles.
14. 7(x 2) 4(2x 3) 47
7x 14 8x 12 47
15x 2 47
15x 2 2 47 2
15x 45
0.
x y
9.
500
x 290
6x
6
1
y
1
y
65 miles.
1 2 23(435)
8(27) 6(x)
216 6x
216
6
36
3
65 65 500 65
3
x
2
2 3
x
3 2
x
27
x
2
2 500
x
x 2 65
x
x 2 65
3
x 65
2
16) 4(12)
39
n 12
n 1 12 1 or 13
n 2 12 2 14
The middle sister is 13 years old.
13. Let x the number of miles Pete drove.
2x 4 3
7. C; Let x the amount needed for 27 servings.
8
6
15x
15
2[2(3) 5]
4
2[6 5]
4
2[1]
4
2
4
1
2 or 0.5
45
15
x3
The solution is 3.
45% of $22.95 0.45 22.95
10.3275
$22.95 $10.33 $12.62
The discounted price of the book is $12.62.
16. C; a and a are the same number of units from
zero, but in opposite directions. Therefore,
0a 0 0a 0 .
120
17. B; 3x 7 10
3x 7 7 10 7
3x 3
3x
3
Kirbys pickup travels at 36 mph.

15 mi
25 min
15(60) 25(x)
900 25x
3
x1
4y 2 6
4y 2 2 6 2
4y 8
4y
4
900
25
4
100
75r
75
0.20(200 x)
r
0.80x
0.50(200)
The equation is 0.20(200 x) 0.80x 0.50(200).

20c.
0.20(200 x) 0.80x 0.50(200)
40 0.20x 0.80x 100
40 0.60x 100
40 0.60x 40 100 40
0.60x 60
100
0.60x
0.60
50(100) 150(r)
5000 150r
Liters of
Acid
0.20(200 x)
0.80x
0.50(200)
20b.
5000
150
1
33 3
Liters of
Solution
200 x
x
200
The amount of acid

the amount of acid
the amount of acid
in
the 20% solution 1
plus
in the 80% solution 123
equals 144424443
in the 50% solution
144424443
23 144424443
The rate of increase from 75 to 100 is 33 3 %.

Find the amount of change.
200 150 50
as the base.
50
150
25x
25
20% Solution
80% Solution
50% Solution
25(100) 75(r)
2500 75r
2500
75
1
33 3
36 x
Nolas SUV travels at 36 mph. Both are traveling
at 36 mph, and therefore, neither is exceeding the
speed limit.
20a.
y2
18. C; Find the amount of change.
100 75 25
the base.
25
75
x mi
60 min
60
0.60
x 100
200 x 200 100 or 100
100 L of the 20% solution and 100 L of the 80%
solution are needed.
150r
150
r
1
The rate of increase from 150 to 200 is 33 3 %.

19. Calculate the miles per hour rate for each
vehicle.
6 mi
10 min
x mi
60 min
6(60) 10(x)
360 10x
360
10
10x
10
36 x
121
Chapter 3
PQ249-6481F-04[122-168] 31/7/02 10:59 PM Page 122 Sahuja Ahuja_QXP_06:Desktop Folder:
Chapter 4
Graphing Relations and Functions
Page 191
16. 2c b 2(3) (4)

6 4
10
17. c 3a (3) 3(1)
3 (3)
3 3
0
18. 3a 6b 2c 3(1) 6(4) 2(3)
3 24 (6)
27 6
21
Getting Started
1.
1 0
5 4 3 2 1
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
2.
3.
4.
2 1 2 11 1 1 0
2
1
2
1 11 2 21
2
5. 3(7 t) 3 7 3 t
21 3t
6. 4(w 2) (4)(w) 14)(2)
4w (8)
4w 8
7. 5(3b 2) (5)(3b) (5)(2)
15b (10)
15b 10
8.
1
(2z
2
1
2
19. 8a 2b 3c 8(1) 2 (4) 3(3)

8 2 (9)
6 9
3
2
20. 6a 8b 3c 6(1) 8(4) 3 (3)

6 32 (2)
26 2
24
1
2
4) 2z 4
z2
2x y 1
2x y 2x 1 2x
y 1 2x
10.
x8y
xy8yy
xy8
xyx8x
y8x
6x 3y 12
11.
6x 3y 6x 12 6x
3y 12 6x
9.
Page 194
1. Draw two perpendicular number lines. Label the

horizontal line x since this is the x-axis, and label
the vertical line y since this is the y-axis. Label
the point where the two axes meet 0 since this
is the origin. The axes divide the coordinate plane
into four regions: the upper right region is
quadrant I, the upper left region is quadrant II,
the lower left region is quadrant III, and the
lower right region is quadrant IV.
13 (3y) 13 (12 6x)

y 4 2x or 2x 4
2x 3y 9
12.
2x 3y 2x 9 2x
3y 9 2x
1
(3y)
3
The Coordinate Plane
4-1
II
y 3 23x or 23x 3
9
13.
9
1
y
2
1
y
2
4x
III
IV
9 4x 9
1
2 y 4x 9
1
2. To graph (1, 4), move 1 unit left from the origin

and 4 units up. This point is in quadrant II. To
graph (4, 1), move 4 units right from the origin
and 1 unit down. This point is in quadrant IV.
3. Sample answer: (3, 3) is in quadrant I since both
coordinates are positive; (3, 3) is in quadrant II
since the x-coordinate is negative and the
y-coordinate is positive; (3, 3) is in quadrant
III since both coordinates are negative; (3, 3) is
in quadrant IV since the x-coordinate is positive
and the y-coordinate is negative.
y 18 8x
y 5
3
y 5
3
x2
2 3(x 2)
y 5 3x 6
y 5 5 3x 6 5
y 3x 1
15. a b c (1) (4) (3)
1 4 3
33
6
Chapter 4
2 2 y 2(4x 9)
14.
13 (9 2x)
122
11. M(2, 2)

Start at the origin.
Move left 2 units since the x-coordinate is 2.
Move down 2 units since the y-coordinate is 2.
Draw a dot and label it M.
811.
y
J
K
4. Follow along a vertical line through point E to

find the x-coordinate on the x-axis. The
x-coordinate is 2.
Follow along a horizontal line through point E
to find the y-coordinate on the y-axis. The
y-coordinate is 5.
So, the ordered pair for point E is (2, 5).
Since both coordinates are negative, point E is
located in quadrant III.
5. Follow along a vertical line through point F to
x-coordinate is 1.
Follow along a horizontal line through point F
y-coordinate is 1.
So, the ordered pair for point F is (1, 1).
Since the x-coordinate is negative and the
y-coordinate is positive, point F is located in
quadrant II.
6. Follow along a vertical line through point G to
x-coordinate is 4.
Follow along a horizontal line through point G
y-coordinate is 4.
So, the ordered pair for point G is (4, 4).
Since both coordinates are positive, point G is
located in quadrant I.
7. Follow along a vertical line through point H to
x-coordinate is 4.
Follow along a horizontal line through point H
y-coordinate is 2.
So, the ordered pair for point H is (4, 2).
Since both coordinates are negative, point H is
located in quadrant III.
8. J(2, 5)
Move right 2 units since the x-coordinate is 2.
Move up 5 units since the y-coordinate is 5.
Draw a dot and label it J.
(See coordinate plane after Exercise 11.)
9. K(1, 4)
Move left 1 unit since the x-coordinate is 1.
Move up 4 units since the y-coordinate is 4.
Draw a dot and label it K.
10. L(0, 3)
Since the x-coordinate is 0, the point will be
located on the y-axis.
Move down 3 units since the y-coordinate is 3.
Draw a dot and label it L.
M
L
12. Sketch the given figure on the coordinate plane

by plotting point A at (40, 10). From point A,
move 40 units right and label point B. From point
B, move up 10 units and label point C. From point
C, move left 20 units and label point D. From
point A, move up 30 units and label point E.
y
C
D
A
40
30
20
10
20 151010 O10 20 30 40 x
10
20
30
40
Point B has coordinates (0, 10), C(0, 20),

D(20, 20), and E(40, 40).
Pages 195196
Practice and Apply
xCoordiPoint
nate
13.
N
4
14.
P
5
15.
Q
1
16.
R
5
17.
S
3
18.
T
2
19.
U
2
20.
V
4
21.
W
0
22.
Z
3
yCoordinate
5
3
3
2
3
0
1
2
4
3
Ordered
Pair
(4, 5)
(5, 3)
(1, 3)
(5, 2)
(3, 3)
(2, 0)
(2, 1)
(4, 2)
(0, 4)
(3, 3)
Quadrant
II
IV
III
I
II
none
IV
III
none
I
23. A point 12 units down from the origin has

y-coordinate 12. A point 7 units to the right of
the origin has x-coordinate 7. So, the ordered pair
is (7, 12).
123
Chapter 4
24. A point 9 units to the left of the origin has

x-coordinate 9. A point that lies on the x-axis
has y-coordinate 0. So, the ordered pair is (9, 0).
25. A(3, 5)
Move right 3 units and up 5 units.
Draw a dot and label it A.
26. B(2, 2)
Move left 2 units and up 2 units.
Draw a dot and label it B.
27. C(4, 2)
Move right 4 units and down 2 units.
Draw a dot and label it C.
28. D(0, 1)
Since the x-coordinate is 0, the point is on the
y-axis.
Move down 1 unit.
Draw a dot and label it D.
29. E(2, 5)
Draw a dot and label it E.
30. F(3, 4)
Move left 3 units and down 4 units.
Draw a dot and label it F.
31. G(4, 4)
Draw a dot and label it G.
32. H(4, 4)
Draw a dot and label it H.
33. I(3, 1)
Move right 3 units and up 1 unit.
Draw a dot and label it I.
34. J(1, 3)
Move left 1 unit and down 3 units.
Chapter 4
35. K(4, 0)
Move left 4 units.
Since the y-coordinate is 0, the point is on the
x-axis.
36. L(2, 4)
Draw a dot and label it L.
2536.
y
E
A
H
G
B
I
K
x
D
C
J
F
37. Latitude lines run east and west. Sample answer:

Louisville and Richmond.
38. Longitude lines run north and south. Sample
answer: Austin and Oklahoma City.
39.
xyOrdered
Artifact Coordinate Coordinate
Coins
3
5
Plate
7
2
Goblet
8
4
Vase
5
9
Pair
(3, 5)
(7, 2)
(8, 4)
(5, 9)
40. The Shapiro Undergraduate Library is in column

C and in row 5, so is located in sector C5.
41. The Natural Science, Chemistry, and Natural
Resources and Environment Buildings are in
column C and in row 4, so are located in sector C4.
42. E. Huron St. runs horizontally from sector A2 to
sector D2.
43. The four sectors that have bus stops are B5, C2,
D4, and E1.
44a. xy 7 0 indicates that the product of x and y is
positive. This is true if both x and y are positive,
placing (x, y) in quadrant I; it is also true if both
x and y are negative, placing (x, y) in quadrant III.
44b. xy 7 0 indicates that the product of x and y is
negative. This is true if x is positive and y is
negative, placing (x, y) in quadrant IV; it is also
true if x is negative and y is positive, placing
(x, y) in quadrant II.
44c. xy 7 0 indicates that the product of x and y is 0.
This is true if both x and y are 0, placing (x, y) at
the origin; it is also true if x is 0, placing (x, y)
on the y-axis; it is also true if y is 0, placing (x, y)
on the x-axis.
124
The distance traveled by each plane is the same.

Write an equation.
7r 2240
45. Archaeologists use coordinate systems as

mapping guides and as systems to record
locations of artifacts. Answers should include the
following.
The grid gives archaeologists points of
reference so they can identify and explain to
others the location of artifacts in a site they
are excavating. You can divide the space so
more people can work at the same time in
different areas.
Knowing the exact location of artifacts helps
archaeologists reconstruct historical events.
46. C
Vertex B is located 3 units right and 2 units up
from the origin. Since the rectangle is centered at
the origin, vertex A must be located 3 units left
and 2 units up from the origin at (3, 2).
7r
7
47. B
Vertex A is 2 units above the x-axis and vertex D
is 2 units below the x-axis. So, the length of AD is
2 2 4 units.
48. Let (a, b) (7, 1) and (c, d ) (3, 1).
1a 2 c, b 2 d 2 1 2
1 42, 22 2
7 132 1 1
, 2
4c
4
21
1 14
, 10
2
2 2
5 9 2 (8)
,
2
2
3h
3
55.
4
t

for 1180.
1180 13.41640786 p
Rounded to the nearest hundredth, 1180 is about
13.42.
8t
So, the first airplane arrived in Baltimore after 8 h.
Since the second airplane left Tucson 45 min after
the first airplane, and is scheduled to land in
Baltimore 15 min before the first airplane, the
second airplane travels 60 min, or 1 hr, less than
the first airplane. So, the second airplane will
travel for 7 h.
Make a table of the information.
t
8
7
11t
11
163 7.937253933 p
Rounded to the nearest hundredth, 163 is about
7.94.
280t
280
r
280
r

81 92 S 181 9
for 163.
51. Since the first airplane traveled 2240 mi at

280 mph, substitute d 2240 and r 280 into
the formula d rt.
d rt
2240 280t
First Airplane
Second Airplane
2t
4 4(2t)
3a
11
3a
11
(0, 0)
3(a t)
4
3(a t)
4
b 6w
3
6w b
3
3(a t) 8t
3a 3t 8t
3a 3t 3t 8t 3t
3a 11t
1a 2 c, b 2 d 2 14 2 4, 4 2(4) 2
0 0
1 2, 2 2
2240
280
h
(7, 5)
50. Let (a, b) (4, 4) and (c, d) (4, 4).
Page 196
4d
4
cd
54.
6w 3h b
6w 3h 6w b 6w
3h b 6w
(2, 1)
49. Let (a, b) (5, 2) and (c, d ) (9, 8).
a c b d
, 2
2
2240
7
r 320
The second plane must travel at 320 mph to
arrive on schedule.
52.
3x b 2x 5
3x b b 2x 5 b
3x 2x 5 b
3x 2x 2x 5 b 2x
x5b
53.
10c 2(2d 3c)
10c 2 2d 2 3c
10c 4d 6c
10c 6c 4d 6c 6c
4c 4d
256 162 S 1256 16

60. 52 018 7 0
61. 081 47 0 17
52 011 0
034 0 17
52 11
34 17
63
51
62. 42 060 74 0
63. 36 015 21 0
42 014 0
36 06 0
42 14
36 6
28
30
d rt
2240
7r
125
Chapter 4
64. 010 16 27 0
65. 038 65 21 0
06 27 0
027 21 0
021 0
048 0
21
48
66. 4(x y) 4x 4y
67. 1(x 3) (1)(x) (1)(3)
x 3
68. 3(1 6y) 3 1 3 6y
3 18y
69. 3(2x 5) (3)(2x) (3)(5)
6x (15)
6x 15
1
5. To reflect the triangle over the x-axis, multiply

the y-coordinate of each vertex by 1.
(x, y) S (x, y)
P(1, 2) S P(1, 2)
Q(4, 4) S Q(4, 4)
R(2, 3) S R(2, 3)
y
Q
R
P
3x 2y
1
70. 3(2x 6y) 3(2x) 3(6y)

1
R
1
71. 4(5x 2y) 4(5x) 4(2y)

4-2
5
x
4
1
y
2
6. To translate the quadrilateral 3 units up, add 3 to

the y-coordinate of each vertex.
(x, y) S (x, y 3)
A(4, 2) S A(4, 2 3) S A(4, 5)
B(4, 2) S B(4, 2 3) S B(4, 1)
C(1, 3) S C(1, 3 3) S C(1, 0)
D(3, 2) S D(3, 2 3) S D(3, 5)
Transformations on the
Coordinate Plane
Pages 200201
1. Transformation
Reflection
Rotation
Translation
Dilation
Size
same
same
same
changes
Shape
same
same
same
same
Orientation
changes
changes
same
same
A
A
B
x
C O
2. Sample answer: The preimage is a square
centered at the origin with a side 4 units long.
The image after a dilation that is an enlargement
3
having a scale factor of 2 is the square centered
at the origin with a side 6 units long. The image
after a dilation that is a reduction having a scale
1
factor of 2 is the square centered at the origin
with a side 2 units long.
B
C
7. To dilate the parallelogram, multiply the

coordinates of each vertex by 2.
(x, y) S (2x, 2y)
E(1, 4) S E(2 (1), 2 4) S E(2, 8)
F(5, 1) S F(2 5, 2 (1)) S F(10, 2)
G(2, 4) S G(2 2, 2 (4)) S G(4, 8)
H(4, 1) S H(2 (4), 2 1) S H(8, 2)
y
x
E
E
H
H
2
2
3. The figure has been shifted horizontally to the

right. This is a translation.
4. The figure has been turned around a point. This
is a rotation.
Chapter 4
G
G
126
17b.
8. To rotate the triangle 90 counterclockwise about

the origin, switch the coordinates of each vertex
and then multiply the new first coordinate by 1.
(x, y) S (y, x)
J(0, 0) S J(0, 0)
K(2, 5) S K(5, 2)
L(4, 5) S L(5, 4)
T
R
J
J
18a. To reflect the trapezoid over the x-axis, multiply

(x, y) S (x, y)
A(2, 3) S A(2, 3)
B(5, 3) S B(5, 3)
C(6, 1) S C(6, 1)
D(2, 1) S D(2, 1)
18b.
y
K
L
K
9. Draw a dot and label it A. Move 10 units left
(10 mi west) and 7 units down (7 mi south). Draw
a dot and label it B.
10 mi
D
B
7 mi
19a. To translate the quadrilateral 8 units right, add

8 to the x-coordinate of each vertex.
(x, y) S (x 8, y)
R(6, 3) S R(6 8, 3) S R(2, 3)
S(4, 2) S S(4 8, 2) S S(4, 2)
T(1, 5) S T(1 8, 5) S T(7, 5)
U(3, 7) S U(3 8, 7) S U(5, 7)
19b.
U
U
B
10. To translate the point A(x, y) 10 units left, add
10 to the x-coordinate of A. To translate A(x, y)
7 units down, add 7 to the y-coordinate of A.
(x, y) S (x 10, y 7)
The ships current location is represented by
(x 10, y 7).
Pages 201203
Practice and Apply
R
S

right. This is a translation.
is a rotation.
13. The figure has been flipped over a line. This is a
reflection.
14. The figure has been increased in size. This is a
dilation.
reflection.
16. The figure has been shifted vertically down. This
is a translation.
17a. To reflect the triangle over the y-axis, multiply
the x-coordinate of each vertex by 1.
(x, y) S (x, y)
R(2, 0) S R(2, 0)
S(2, 3) S S(2, 3)
T(2, 3) S T(2, 3)
S
O
20a. To translate the parallelogram 3 units right, add

3 to the x-coordinate of each vertex. To translate
the parallelogram 2 units down, add 2 to the
y-coordinate of each vertex.
(x, y) S (x 3, y 2)
M(6, 0) S M(6 3, 0 2) S M(3, 2)
N(4, 3) S N(4 3, 3 2) S N(1, 1)
O(1, 3) S O(1 3, 3 2) S O(2, 1)
P(3, 0) S P(3 3, 0 2) S P(0, 2)
127
Chapter 4
20b.
23b.
H
F
x
x
F
H
G
21a. To dilate the trapezoid by a scale factor

1
1
of 2, multiply the coordinates of each vertex by 2.
11
(x, y) S 2x, 2y
24a. To rotate the quadrilateral 90 counterclockwise

about the origin, switch the coordinates of each
vertex and then multiply the new first
coordinate by 1.
(x, y) S (y, x)
T(4, 2) S T(2, 4)
U(2, 4) S U(4, 2)
V(0, 2) S V(2, 0)
W(2, 4) S W(4, 2)
24b.
y
U
1
1
2
1
1
K(2, 4) S K 1 2 (2), 2 4 2 S K(1, 2)
1
1
L(4, 4) S L 1 2 4, 2 4 2 S L(2, 2)
1
1
M(4, 4) S M 1 2 (4), 2 (4) 2 S M(2, 2)
1
2
J(4, 2) S J (4), 2 2 S J(2, 1)
21b.
K
J
W T
M
25a. To reflect the parallelogram over the y-axis,
multiply the x-coordinate of each point by 1.
To then rotate the result 180 about the origin,
multiply both coordinates of the reflected point
by 1.
(x, y) S (x, y) S (x, y)
(x, y) S (x, y)
W(1, 2) S W(1, 2)
X(3, 2) S X(3, 2)
Y(0, 4) S Y(0, 4)
Z(4, 4) S Z(4, 4)
25b.
y
22a. To dilate the square by a scale factor of 3,

multiply the coordinates of each vertex by 3.
(x, y) S (3x, 3y)
A(2, 1) S A(3 (2), 3 1) S A(6, 3)
B(2, 2) S B(3 2, 3 2) S B(6, 6)
C(3, 2) S C(3 3, 3 (2)) S C(9, 6)
D(1, 3) S D(3 (1), 3 (3)) S D(3, 9)
22b.
8
A
8
4
4
8
8x
X
x
23a. To rotate the triangle 180 about the origin,

multiply both coordinates of each vertex by 1.
(x, y) S (x, y)
F(3, 2) S F(3, 2)
G(2, 5) S G(2, 5)
H(6, 3) S H(6, 3)
Chapter 4
128
31. The x-coordinate of each vertex of the dilated

1
triangle is 2 of the x-coordinate of the
corresponding preimage vertex. The y-coordinate
1
of each vertex of the dilated triangle is 2 of the
y-coordinate of the corresponding preimage
vertex. So, triangle QRS was dilated by a scale
1
factor of 2.
32. The x-coordinate of each vertex of the image is 1
times the x-coordinate of the corresponding
preimage vertex. The y-coordinate of each vertex
of the image is equal to the y-coordinate of the
corresponding preimage vertex. So, parallelogram
WXYZ was reflected over the y-axis.
33. To x-coordinate of each vertex of the image is 1
times the y-coordinate of the corresponding
preimage vertex. The y-coordinate of each vertex
of the image is equal to the x-coordinate of the
corresponding preimage vertex. That is, for each
ordered pair, the coordinates were switched and
the new first coordinate was multiplied by 1. So,
triangle XYZ was rotated 90 counterclockwise
about the origin.
26a. To reflect the pentagon over the x-axis, multiply

the y-coordinate of each vertex by 1. To then
translated the result as described, add 2 to the
x-coordinate and 1 to the y-coordinate of each
reflected vertex.
(x, y) S (x, y) S (x 2, y 1)
(x, y) S (x 2, y 1)
P(0, 5) S P(0 2, 5 1) S P(2, 4)
Q(3, 4) S Q(3 2, 4 1) S Q(1, 3)
R(2, 1) S R(2 2, 1 1) S R(0, 0)
S(2, 1) S S(2 2, 1 1) S S(4, 0)
T(3, 4) S T(3 2, 4 1) S T(5, 3)
26b.
y P
T
Q
Q
P
34. Multiply each dimension by 22.

1
1800 22 4500
27. A(5, 1), B(3, 3), C(5, 5), D(5, 4),

E(8, 4), F(8, 2), and G(5, 2) are the
vertices of the arrow.
28. To translate the arrow 2 units right, add 2 to the
x-coordinate of each vertex. To reflect the
translated arrow across the x-axis, multiply the
y-coordinate of each vertex by 1.
(x, y) S (x 2, y)
A(5, 1) S A(3, 1)
B(3, 3) S B(1, 3)
C(5, 5) S C(3, 5)
D(5, 4) S D(3, 4)
E(8, 4) S E(6, 4)
F(8, 2) S F(6, 2)
G(5, 2) S G(3, 2)
29.
y
C
1600 22 4000
The new digital photograph will be 4500 pixels
wide by 4000 pixels high.
3536.
4800
(0, 4000)
3200
2400
(0, 1600)
800
(0, 0)
0
B
A
G
B
(1800, 0)
(4500, 0)
800 1600 2400 3200 4000 4800
35. The other three vertices of the 1800 1600

digital photograph are (0, 1600), (1800, 1600), and
(1800, 0).
36. The vertices of the enlarged 4500 4000
photograph are (0, 0), (0, 4000), (4500, 4000), and
(4500, 0).
37.
G
A
(1800, 1600)
1600
(4500, 4000)
4000
D
C
30. The x-coordinate of each vertex of the translated

trapezoid is 3 more than the x-coordinate of the
corresponding preimage vertex. The y-coordinate
of each vertex of the translated trapezoid is 2 less
than the y-coordinate of the corresponding
preimage vertex. So, trapezoid JKLM was
translated 3 units right and 2 units down.
Sample answer: The pattern resembles a
snowflake.
129
Chapter 4
45.
38. Yes, the same pattern could be drawn using

translations since all octagons in the figure have
the same size, shape, and orientation.
39. To rotate a point 90 clockwise about the origin,
we switch the coordinates of the point and
multiply the new second coordinate by 1.
(x, y) S ( y, x)
40. To reflect the point A(x, y) over the x-axis, we
multiply the y-coordinate by 1. Then, to reflect
this image over the y-axis, we multiply the
x-coordinate by 1. So, the final image is
A(x, y).
To rotate a point 180 about the origin, we
multiply both coordinates by 1. So,
A(x, y) S A(x, y).
Since the final image in each case is the same,
the statement is always true.
41. Artists use computer graphics to simulate
movement, change the size of objects, and create
designs.
Objects can appear to move by using a series
of translations. Moving forward can be
simulated by enlarging objects using dilations
so they appear to be getting closer.
Computer graphics are used in special effects
in movies, animated cartoons, and web design.
42. C; For the translations described, add 1 to each
x-coordinate and add 3 to each y-coordinate.
S(4, 2) S S(4 1, 2 3) S S(5, 1)
43. C
2
y3
46.
R
x
yx
The coordinates of the vertices of the image are

R(3, 3), S(0, 4), and T(4, 1).
Page 203
84 z
y
A
B
D x
C
x0

A(3, 4), B(2, 2), C(3, 2), and D(4, 0).
Chapter 4
47. A(2, 1)

Move right 2 units and down 1 unit.
48. B(4, 0)
Move left 4 units.
x-axis.
49. C(1, 5)
Move right 1 unit and up 5 units.
50. D(1, 1)
Move left 1 unit and down 1 unit.
51. E(2, 3)
4 21 4 4z
If y 4z and y 21, then 21 4z.

J(3, 5), K(2, 8), L(1, 8), and M(3, 5).
21 y
44.
14 2 3 y
1
If x 3y and x 14, then 14 3y.

3
2
130
52. F(4, 3)

4752.
y
C
Page 204
Graphing Calculator Investigation

(Preview of Lesson 4-3)
1. {(10, 10), (0, 6), (4, 7), (5, 2)}

Step 1 Enter the data.
Enter the x-coordinates in L1 and the
y-coordinates in L2.
STAT ENTER 10 ENTER

0 ENTER 4 ENTER 5 ENTER
10
ENTER 6 ENTER 7 ENTER 2 ENTER
KEYSTROKES:
B
D
Step 2 Format the graph.

Turn on the statistical plot.
A
F
KEYSTROKES:
30% Solution
15% Solution
25% Solution
Amount of
Nitric Acid
0.30(20)
0.15 x
0.25(20 x)
ENTER
ENTER ENTER
2nd
L2
ENTER
Step 3 Choose the viewing window.

Be sure you can see all of the points.
[10, 15] scl : 1 by [10, 15] scl: 1
WINDOW 10 ENTER 15
ENTER 1 ENTER 10 ENTER 15 ENTER 1
KEYSTROKES:
0.30(20) 0.15x 0.25(20 x)

6 0.15x 5 0.25x
6 0.15x 0.15x 5 0.25x 0.15x
6 5 0.10x
6 5 5 0.10x 5
1 0.10x
1
0.10
STAT
PLOT
Select the scatter plot, L1 as the Xlist and L2

as the Ylist.
ENTER
2nd
L1
KEYSTROKES:
53. Let x the amount of 15% solution to be added.

Amount of
Solution (mL)
20
x
20 x
2nd
Step 4 Graph the relation.

Display the graph.
KEYSTROKES:
GRAPH
0.10x
0.10
10 x
Jamaal should add 10 mL of the 15% solution to
the 20 mL of the 30% solution.
54. There are 26 favorable outcomes of the 36 total
possible outcomes.
26
[10, 15] scl: 1 by [10, 15] scl: 1
13
P (sum is less than 9) 36 18 or about 72%
2. {(4, 1), (3, 5), (4, 5), (5, 1)}

55. There are three favorable outcomes of the 36 total

possible outcomes.
3
P (sum is greater than 10) 36 12 or about 8%
STAT ENTER 4 ENTER

ENTER
ENTER
3
4
5 ENTER
1
KEYSTROKES:

possible outcomes.
15
15
P (sum is less than 7) 36 12 or about 42%
Step 2 (See Step 2 in Exercise 1.)

[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1

possible outcomes.
30
P (sum is greater than 4) 36 6 or about 83%

58. The number of toppings is the independent
variable, and the cost is the dependent variable.
So the data in the table can be represented as the
set of ordered pairs {(1, 9.95), (2, 11.45), (3, 12.95),
(4, 14.45), (5, 15.95), (6, 17.45)}.
59. Time is the independent variable, and the
temperature is the dependent variable. So the
data in the table can be represented as the set of
ordered pairs {(0, 100), (5, 90), (10, 81), (15, 73),
(20, 66), (25, 60), (30, 55)}.
ENTER 10
KEYSTROKES:
Step 4
WINDOW 10
(See Step 4 in Exercise 1.)
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
131
Chapter 4
3. {(12, 15), (10, 16), (11, 7), (14, 19)}

Page 207
Algebra Activity
y
ENTER 12 ENTER 10
ENTER 11 ENTER 14 ENTER
15
KEYSTROKES:
STAT

[15, 15] scl: 2 by [20, 20] scl: 2
FOLD LINE
ENTER 15
KEYSTROKES: WINDOW 15
Step 4
1. The inverse of each point matches the point.

2. The inverse of each point is a reflection of the
point across the fold.
3. Sample ordered pairs: (1, 1), (0, 0), (2, 2)
For each ordered pair (x, y), x y.
4. Reflect the points across the line in which the
x-coordinate equals the y-coordinate.
4-3
[15, 15] scl: 2 by [20, 20] scl: 2
4. {(45, 10), (23, 18), (22, 26), (35, 26)}

Page 208
1. A relation can be represented as a set of ordered

pairs, a table, a graph, or a mapping.
2. Sample answer:
{(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6), (7, 8), (9, 8)} has five elements
in its domain {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} and four elements in
its range {2, 4, 6, 8}.
3. The domain of a relation is the range of the
inverse, and the range of a relation is the domain
of the inverse.
4.
Table
Graph
List the set of
Graph each
x-coordinates in the
ordered pair on
first column and the
a coordinate
corresponding y-coordinates
plane.
in the second column.
STAT ENTER 45 ENTER

23 ENTER 22 ENTER 35 ENTER
10 ENTER 18 ENTER 26 ENTER 26 ENTER
KEYSTROKES:

[2, 50] scl: 2 by [2, 30] scl: 2
WINDOW 2 ENTER 50
KEYSTROKES:
Step 4
Relations
x
5
8
7
y
2
3
1
4
2
O
8642
[2, 50] scl: 2 by [2, 30] scl: 2
2
5. The scale of the x-axis should include the least

and greatest values in the domain, and the scale
of the y-axis should include the least and greatest
values in the range.
Chapter 4
4
132
2 4 6 8x
Mapping
List the x values in set X and the y values in set
Y. Draw an arrow from each x value in X to the
corresponding y value in Y.
Mapping
5
8
7
2
3
1
7
3
2
1
0
5
The domain for this relation is {7, 5, 8}. The

range is {2, 1, 3}.
5.
Table
Graph
List the set of
Graph each
ordered pair
on a coordinate
plane.
x
6
3
1
5
y
4
3
9
3
10
8
6
4
2
2
2
4

range is {0, 1, 5}.
7.
Table
Graph
List the set of
Graph each
ordered pair
on a coordinate
plane.
x
4
1
4
6
6
3
1
5
4
3
9
y
1
0
5
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
4
2
2
4
6
8
O
2
Mapping
The domain for this relation is {1, 3, 5, 6}. The

range is {3, 4, 9}.
6.
Table
Graph
List the set of
Graph each
ordered pair on
a coordinate
plane.
x
7
3
2
8
6
4
2
6x
Mapping
y
8
9
7
9
14.
15.
133
4
1
6
8
9
7

range is {7, 8, 9}.
relation: {(3, 2), (6, 7), (4, 3), (6, 5)}
inverse: {(2, 3), (7, 6), (3, 4), (5, 6)}
relation: {(4, 9), (2, 5), (2, 2), (11, 12)}
inverse: {(9, 4), (5, 2), (2, 2), (12, 11)}
relation: {(3, 0), (5, 2), (7, 4)}
inverse: {(0, 3), (2, 5), (4, 7)}
relation: {(2, 8), (3, 7), (4, 6), (5, 7)}
inverse: {(8, 2), (7, 3), (6, 4), (7, 5)}
relation: {(1, 2), (2, 4), (3, 3), (4, 1)}
inverse: {(2, 1), (4, 2), (3, 3), (1, 4)}
relation: {(4, 4), (3, 0), (0, 3), (2, 1), (2, 1)}
inverse: {(4, 4), (0, 3), (3, 0), (1, 2), (1, 2)}
Sample answer: (1989, 25), (1991, 20), (1996, 10)
The domain of the relation is {1988, 1989, 1990,
1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998,
1999}.
Chapter 4
16. The least value in the range is about 5.7 students,

and the greatest value in the range is 25
students.
17. There are fewer students per computer in more
recent years. So the number of computers in
schools has increased.
Pages 209210
18.
19.
x
4
1
1
2
8
6
4
2
4
4
1
2
3
7
9
2
O
2
2
4
6
8
4x
22.
The domain of this

relation is {1, 2, 4}.
The range is {7, 3, 9}.
y
2
0
4
7
5
5
6
2
2
0
4
7
The domain of this

relation is {5, 2, 5, 6}.
The range is {0, 2, 4, 7}.
4321
2
4
6
8
0
6
5
4
0
1
6
2
3
2
1
8
7
9
x
4
3
1
6
O
1 2 3 4x
The domain of this

y
2
4
2
4
4
3
1
6
2
The domain of this

The range is {2, 4}.
x
0
5
0
1
y
2
1
6
9
12
10
8
6
4
2
O
1 2x
4
6543 21
2
y
0
1
6
2
Chapter 4
8
6
4
2
23.
x
0
6
5
4
y
8
7
9
9
20.
x
3
3
2
1
Practice and Apply
y
3
7
3
9
x
5
5
6
2
21.
The domain of this

The range is {1, 0, 2, 6}.
134
0
5
1
2
1
6
9
The domain of this

The range is {1, 2, 6, 9}.
25.
x
3
4
2
5
4
3
4
2
5
4
4
3
2
4
5
x
7
3
4
2
3
35. relation: {(2, 0), (2, 4), (3, 7), (5, 0), (5, 8), (7, 7)}
inverse: {(0, 2), (4, 2), (7, 3), (0, 5), (8, 5), (7, 7)}
36. relation: {(3, 3), (2, 2), (1, 1), (1, 1), (2, 2),
(3, 3)}
inverse: {(3, 3), (2, 2), (1, 1), (1, 1), (2, 2),
(3, 3)}
37. relation: {(3, 1), (3, 3), (3, 5), (0, 3),
(2, 3), (4, 3)}
inverse: {(1, 3), (3, 3), (5, 3), (3, 0),
(3, 2), (3, 4)}
38.
y
y
4
3
2
4
5
The domain of this

relation is {4, 2, 3, 4, 5}.
The range is {4, 2, 3, 4, 5}.
222
218
Boiling Points (F)
24.
y
6
4
5
6
2
214
210
206
202
198
194
190
186
0
x
1000 3000 5000 7000 9000
2000 4000 6000 8000 10,000
Altitude (ft)
7
3
4
2
3
6
4
5
2
39. The inverse of the relation, as a set of ordered

pairs, is {(212.0, 0), (210.2, 1000), (208.4, 2000),
(206.5, 3000), (201.9, 5000), (193.7, 10,000)}.
40. Use the inverse relation to find the corresponding
altitude for a given boiling point.
41. The domain of the relation is {1991, 1992, 1993,
1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000}. The
range of the relation is approximately
{6.3, 7.5, 9.2, 9.5, 9.8, 10, 10.4}.
42. The lowest production, about 6.3 billion bushels,
occurred in 1993. The highest production, about
10.4 billion bushels, occurred in 2000.
43. Production seems to alternately increase and
decrease each year. However, since 1995, the
trend has shown an overall production increase.
44. Body Weight (lb)
Muscle Weight (lb)
The domain of this

relation is {3, 2, 3, 4, 7}.
The range is {2, 4, 5, 6}.
26. relation: {(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6), (7, 8)}
inverse: {(2, 1), (4, 3), (6, 5), (8, 7)}
27. relation: {(0, 3), (5, 2), (4, 7), (3, 2)}
inverse: {(3, 0), (2, 5), (7, 4), (2, 3)}
28. relation: {(6, 2), (4, 5), (3, 3), (1, 7)}
inverse: {(2, 6), (5, 4), (3, 3), (7, 1)}
29. relation: {(8, 4), (1, 1), (0, 6), (5, 4)}
inverse: {(4, 8), (1, 1), (6, 0), (4, 5)}
30. relation: {(4, 2), (2, 1), (2, 4), (2, 3)}
inverse: {(2, 4), (1, 2), (4, 2), (3, 2)}
31. relation: {(3, 3), (1, 3), (4, 2), (1, 5)}
inverse: {(3, 3), (3, 1), (2, 4), (5, 1)}
32. relation: {(0, 0), (4, 7), (8, 10.5), (12, 13),
(16, 14.5)}
inverse: {(0, 0), (7, 4), (10.5, 8), (13, 12), (14.5, 16)}
33. relation: {(1, 16.50), (1.75, 28.30), (2.5, 49.10),
(3.25, 87.60), (4, 103.40)}
inverse: {(16.50, 1), (28.30, 1.75), (49.10, 2.5),
(87.60, 3.25), (103.40, 4)}
34. relation: {(3, 2), (3, 8), (6, 5), (7, 4), (11, 4)}
inverse: {(2, 3), (8, 3), (5, 6), (4, 7), (4, 11)}
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
45. The domain of the relation is {100, 105, 110, 115,

120, 125, 130}. The range is {40, 42, 44, 46, 48,
50, 52}.
135
Chapter 4
46.
52. The inverse of the relation is

{(4, 4), (2, 2), (0, 0), (2, 2), (4, 4)}.
y
52
Muscle Weight (lb)
50
48
O
46
44
42
53a. Sample answer:
40
100 105 110 115 120 125 130
Body Weight (lb)
47. The domain of the inverse of the relation is

{40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52}. The range of the
inverse is {100, 105, 110, 115, 120, 125, 130}.
48.
8
4
4
4
53b. Sample answer:

[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 12] scl: 1
53c. The inverse of the relation is
{(10, 0), (8, 2), (6, 6), (4, 9)}.
Sample answer:
A
8
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 12] scl: 1
8x
8
49. Sample answer:

F {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3)}
G {(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1)}
The elements in the domain and range of F
should be paired differently in G.
50. Expressing real-world data as relations shows
how the members of a domain relate to the
members of the range. For example, a table helps
to organize the data or a graph may show a
pattern in the data. Answers should include the
following.
Graph
Strikeouts
130
[10, 12] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
53d.
Relation
Point Quadrant
(0, 10)
none
(2, 8)
IV
(6, 6)
I
(9, 4)
IV
Inverse
Point Quadrant
(10, 0)
none
(8, 2)
II
(6, 6)
I
(4, 9)
II
54a. Sample answer:
110
90
70
50
0
20
40 60 80
Home Runs
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [6, 40] scl: 2
54b. Sample answer:

[10, 10] scl: 1 by [6, 40] scl: 2
There seems to be a positive relationship

between the number of home runs and
strikeouts. In years when Griffey hit more
home runs, he also struck out more.
51. B; The set of ordered pairs graphed is {(4, 4),
(2, 2), (0, 0), (2, 2), (4, 4)}. The domain of this
relation is {4, 2, 0, 2, 4}. The range is {0, 2, 4}.
Chapter 4
136

{(18, 1), (23, 2), (28, 3), (33, 4)}.
Sample answer:

{(77, 92), (200, 93), (50, 19)}.
Sample answer:
[6, 40] scl: 2 by [10, 10] scl: 1
54d.
Relation
Point Quadrant
(1, 18)
II
(2, 23)
II
(3, 28)
II
(4, 33)
II
[100, 250] scl: 10 by [100, 50] scl: 10
56d.
Inverse
Point Quadrant
(18, 1)
IV
(23, 2)
IV
(28, 3)
IV
(33, 4)
IV
Relation
QuadPoint
rant
(92, 77)
III
(93, 200)
II
(19, 50)
IV
Inverse
QuadPoint
rant
(77, 92)
III
(200, 93)
IV
(50, 19)
II
55a. Sample answer:
Page 211
[10, 80] scl: 5 by [10, 60] scl: 5
55b. Sample answer:

[10, 80] scl: 5 by [10, 60] scl: 5
{(12, 35), (25, 48), (52, 60)}.
Sample answer:
xyCoordi- Coordi- Ordered

Point nate
nate
Pair
Quadrant
60. A
4
4
(4, 4)
IV
61. K
3
2
(3, 2)
I
62. L
1
3
(1, 3)
III
63. W
1
1
(1, 1)
IV
64. B
4
0
(4, 0)
none
65. P
4
2
(4, 2)
III
66. R
5
3
(5, 3)
II
67. C
2
5
(2, 5)
II
[10, 60] scl: 5 by [10, 80] scl: 5
55d.
Relation
Point Quadrant
(35, 12)
I
(48, 25)
I
(60, 52)
I

is a rotation.
reflection.
59. The figure has been shifted vertically down. This
is a translation.

10.15 9.75 0.40
as the base.
Inverse
Point Quadrant
(12, 35)
I
(25, 48)
I
(52, 60)
I
0.40
9.75
100
0.40(100) 9.75 r
40 9.75 r
56a. Sample answer:
40
9.75
9.75 r
9.75
4.1 r
The percent of increase in Dominiques salary is
about 4.1%.
69. 72 9 8
70. 105 15 7
3
71. 3 3 3 1 1 9
[100, 50] scl: 10 by [100, 250] scl: 10
72. 16 4 16 1
56b. Sample answer:

[100, 50] scl: 10 by [100, 250) scl: 10
137
64
1
64
Chapter 4
73.
54n 78
6

98x 35y
7
12
12
1
(54n 78) 6
1
1
54n 6 78 6
12
9n 13
74.
79.
(54n 78) 6
(98x 35y) 7
12
1
1
98x 1 7 2 35y 1 7 2
1
7
(98x 35y)
75. a
a 15 20
?
3 15 20 S 18 20
4 15 20 S 19 20
5 15 20 S 20 20
?
?
6 15 20 S 21 20
7 15 20 S 22 20
8 15 20 S 23 20
True or False?
false
r62
3 6 2 S 3 2
?
?
4 6 2 S 2 2
5 6 2 S 1 2
80.
true
9 5(6) 6 S 9 24
9 5(7) 6 S 9 29
9 5(8) 6 S 9 34
3
4
5
6
7
8
3 8w 35
?
3 8(3) 35 S 27 35
?
3 8(4) 35 S 35 35
?
3 8(5) 35 S 43 35
?
3 8(6) 35 S 51 35
?
3 8(7) 35 S 59 35
?
3 8(8) 35 S 67 35
false
8
3
15 17 S 173 17
m
5
m
3
5
4
5
52
3 ?
false
false
false
false
3 ?

5
2 S 15 2
3 ?

5
2 S 15 2
5 2 S 25 2
false
3 ?
3 ?
3 ?
True or False?
5 2 S 15 2
8
5
true
false
Since m 7 makes the equation true, the

solution set is {7}.
Page 211
Practice Quiz 1
1. Q(2, 3)
Draw a dot and label it Q.
2. R(4, 4)
Draw a dot and label it R.
3. S(5, 1)
Draw a dot and label it S.
false
false
false
false
false
True or False?
false
true
false
false
false
false
Since w 4 makes the equation true, the solution

set is {4}.
Chapter 4
15 17 S 173 17
Since n 3 makes the equation true, the solution

set is {3}.
78. w
false
7
3
false
true
5 2S 22
9 5(3) 6 S 9 9
true
7
5
True or False?
9 5(5) 6 S 9 19
15 17 S 17 17
true
false
false
22
9 5(4) 6 S 9 14
5 2 S 15 2
false
6
3
6
5
1 2
15 17 S 163 17
false
True or False?
9 5n 6
5
3
Since r 8 makes the equation true, the solution

set is {8}.
77.
false
5
5
86 2S
15 17 S 163 17
76 2S
4
3
false
false
false
0 2
66 2S
15 17 S 16 17
false
3
3
True or False?
Since g 6 makes the equation true, the solution

set is {6}.
false
Since a 5 makes the equation true, the solution

set is {5}.
76.
15 17
14x 5y
g
3
138
7. The domain of the relation is {1, 2, 4}. The range

is {3, 5, 6}. The inverse of the relation is
{(3, 1), (6, 4), (3, 2), (5, 1)}.
8. The domain of the relation is {2, 0, 4, 8}. The
range is {5, 2, 3, 6}. The inverse of the relation
is {(6, 2), (3, 0), (2, 4), (5, 8)}.
9. The domain of the relation is {8, 11, 15}. The
range is {3, 5, 22, 31}. The inverse of the relation
is {(5, 11), (3, 15), (22, 8), (31, 11)}.
10. The domain of the relation is {5, 1, 2, 6}. The
range is {0, 3, 4, 7, 8}. The inverse of the relation
is {(8, 5), (0, 1), (4, 1), (7, 2), (3, 6)}.
4. T(1, 3)
Move left 1 unit and up 3 units.
Draw a dot and label it T.
y
S
R
Equations as Relations
4-4
(x, y) S (x, y)
A(4, 8) S A(4, 8)
B(7, 5) S B(7, 5)
C(2, 1) S C(2, 1)
A
(4, 8), B
(7, 5), and C
(2, 1).
8
Pages 214215
A
B
C
O
4
7x
8
1
10
12
6. To translate the quadrilateral 5 units to the left,

add 5 to the x-coordinate of each vertex. To
translate the quadrilateral 4 units down, add 4
to the y-coordinate of each vertex.
(x, y) (x 5, y 4)
W(1, 0) W
(1 5, 0 4) W
(4, 4)
X(2, 3) X
(2 5, 3 4) X
(3, 1)
Y(4, 1) Y
(4 5, 1 4) Y
(1, 3)
Z(3, 3) Z
(3 5, 3 4) Z
(2, 7)
W
(4, 4), X
(3, 1), Y
(1, 3), and
Z
(2, 7).
y
6.
Y
Z
true
true
false
false
x
7
y
3
2
1
2x 5y 1
2(7) 5(3) 1
11
2(7) 5(3) 1
1 1
2(2) 5(1) 1
1 1
2(2) 5(1) 1
11
True or False?
true
false
false
true
The solution set is {(7, 3), (2, 1)}.
W
O
1 3(1) 4
11
10 3(2) 4
10 10
12 3(3) 4
12 13
1 3(7) 4
1 25

5.
Y
X
1. To find the domain of an equation if you are given

the range, substitute the values for y and solve
for x.
2. Sample answer: y x 5 is an equation in two
variables. Two solutions for this equation are
(9, 4) and (10, 5).
3. Bryan is correct. x represents the domain and y
represents the range. So, replace x with 5 and y
with 1.
4. x
y
y 3x 4
True or False?
x
3
1
0
2
2x 1
2(3) 1
2(1) 1
2(0) 1
2(2) 1
y
7
3
1
3
(x, y)
(3, 7)
(1, 3)
(0, 1)
(2, 3)
The solution set is

{(3, 7), (1, 3), (0, 1), (2, 3)}.
139
Chapter 4
7.
4x
4 (3)
4 (1)
40
42
x
3
1
0
2
y
7
5
4
2
11. First solve the equation for y in terms of x.

2y x 2
(x, y)
(3, 7)
(1, 5)
(0, 4)
(2, 2)
2y
2
y
The solution set is {(3, 7), (1, 5), (0, 4), (2, 2)}.
2y 2x 12
2y 2x 2x 12 2x
2y 12 2x
2y
2
x2
2
(x, y)
4
4 2
2
1
(4, 1)
2
2 2
2
(2, 0)
0 2
2
(0, 1)
2 2
2
(2, 2)
4 2
2
(4, 3)
12 2x
2
6x
6 (3)
6 (1)
60
62
y
9
7
6
4
(x, y)
(3, 9)
(1, 7)
(0, 6)
(2, 4)
x 2
2
x 2
2
y6x
x
3
1
0
2
Graph the solution set

{(4, 1), (2, 0), (0, 1), (2, 2), (4, 3)}.
y
The solution set is {(3, 9), (1, 7), (0, 6), (2, 4)}.
3x 2y 13
3x 2y 3x 13 3x
2y 13 3x
y
12.
y
(x, y)
3
13 3x
2
13 3(3)
2
11
(3, 11)
1
13 3(1)
2
(1, 8)
13 3(0)
2
6.5
(0, 6.5)
13 3(2)
2
3.5
(2, 3.5)
10.
13 3x
2
13 3x
2
3x
3(3)
3(2)
3(1)
3(0)
3(1)
3(2)
3(3)
x
3
2
1
0
1
2
3
y
9
6
3
0
3
6
9
(x, y)
(3, 9)
(2, 6)
(1, 3)
(0, 0)
(1, 3)
(2, 6)
(3, 9)
4
Chapter 4
2
2
4
6
8
10
25(10)
6
413
14
25(14)
6
583
18
25(18)
6
75
24
25(24)
6
100
2
1
80
70
60
50
40
0
25k
6
90
Graph the solution set {(3, 9), (2, 6),

(1, 3), (0, 0), (1, 3), (2, 6), (3, 9)}.
8
6
4
2
100
Gold %
2y
2
4x
140
x
10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26
Number of Karats
(k, g)
110, 4123 2
114, 5813 2
(18, 75)
(24, 100)
25k
13. Solve the equation g 6 for k since the value of

k will depend on the given value of g.
g
6g
18. x
0
25k
6
25k
6 6
1 2
6g 25k
6g
25
6g
25
y
0.5
0.75
25k
25
k
For a ring that is 50% gold, g 50. So

6(50)
k 25 12. A 12-karat ring is 50% gold.
14. x
2
y
1
True or False?
3
x
4
y
4
y 8 3x
4 8 3(4)
4 4
0 8 3(8)
0 16
2 8 3(2)
22
3 8 3(3)
3 1
true
x
1
y
2
1
x 3y 7
1 3(2) 7
7 7
2 3(2) 7
4 7
2 3(4) 7
10 7
2 3(3) 7
7 7
x
3
y
0
2
1
1
2x 2y 6
2(3) 2(0) 6
66
2(2) 2(1) 6
66
2(2) 2(1) 6
6 6
2(4) 2(1) 6
66
false
false
false
3.5
2y 4x 8
2(2) 4(0) 8
48
2(0.5) 4(3) 8
11 8
2(3.5) 4(0.25) 8
88
2(2) 4(1) 8
88
True or
False?
false
false
true
true
The solution set is {(0.25, 3.5), (1, 2)}.

true
20.
True or False?
true
false
x
2
1
1
3
4
4 5x
4 5(2)
4 5(1)
4 5(1)
4 5(3)
4 5(4)
y
14
9
1
11
16
(x, y)
(2, 14)
(1, 9)
(1, 1)
(3, 11)
(4, 16)
The solution set is

{(2, 14), (1, 9), (1, 1), (3, 11), (4, 16)}.
true
21.
false
True or False?
true
x
2
1
1
3
4
2x 3
2(2) 3
2(1) 3
2(1) 3
2(3) 3
2(4) 3
y
1
1
5
9
11
(x, y)
(2, 1)
(1, 1)
(1, 5)
(3, 9)
(4, 11)
The solution set is

{(2, 1), (1, 1), (1, 5), (3, 9), (4, 11)}.
xy4
x4y44
x4y
false
false
true
x
2
1
1
3
4

17.
0.5
0.25
false

16.
y
2
false

15.
true
The solution set is {(0, 0.5)}.
Practice and Apply

y 4x 1
1 4(2) 1
1 9
5 4(1) 1
55
2 4(9) 1
2 37
1 4(0) 1
11
True or False?
19.
x
Pages 215217
3x 8y 4
3(0) 8(0.5) 4
4 4
3(4) 8(1) 4
4 4
3(2) 8(0.75) 4
0 4
3(2) 8(4) 4
26 4
True or False?
true
true
x4
2 4
1 4
14
34
44
y
6
5
3
1
0
(x, y)
(2, 6)
(1, 5)
(1, 3)
(3, 1)
(4, 0)
The solution set is

{(2, 6), (1, 5), (1, 3), (3, 1), (4, 0)}.
false
true
The solution set is {(3, 0), (2, 1), (4, 1)}.
141
Chapter 4

8x 4y 12
8x 4y 8x 12 8x
4y 12 8x

x7y
xy7yy
xy7
xyx7x
y7x
7x
7 (2)
7 (1)
71
73
74
x
2
1
1
3
4
y
9
8
6
4
3

4
y 3 2x
(x, y)
(2, 9)
(1, 8)
(1, 6)
(3, 4)
(4, 3)
3 2x
3 2(2)
3 2(1)
3 2(1)
3 2(3)
3 2(4)
x
2
1
1
3
4
The solution set is

{(2, 9), (1, 8), (1, 6), (3, 4), (4, 3)}.
6x 3y 18
6x 3y 6x 18 6x
3y 18 6x
3y
3
18 6x
3
6 2x
6 2(2)
6 2(1)
6 2(1)
6 2(3)
6 2(4)
2x
2
y
10
8
4
0
2
3 6x
3 6(2)
3 6(1)
3 6(1)
3 6(3)
3 6(4)
y
9
3
9
21
27
2y
2
(x, y)
2
1
1
3
4
2
1
1
3
4
(2, 2)
(1, 1)
(1, 1)
(3, 3)
(4, 4)
The solution set is

{(2, 2), (1, 1), (1, 1), (3, 3), (4, 4)}.
5x 10y 20
5x 10y 5x 20 5x
10y 20 5x
10y
10
(x, y)
(2, 9)
(1, 3)
(1, 9)
(3, 21)
(4, 27)
20 5x
10
y 2 0.5x
x
2
1
1
3
4
The solution set is

{(2, 9), (1, 3), (1, 9), (3, 21), (4, 27)}.
Chapter 4
(x, y)
(2, 7)
(1, 5)
(1, 1)
(3, 3)
(4, 5)
xy
(x, y)
(2, 10)
(1, 8)
(1, 4)
(3, 0)
(4, 2)
The solution set is

{(2, 10), (1, 8), (1, 4), (3, 0), (4, 2)}.
6x y 3
6x y 6x 3 6x
y 3 6x
1(y) 1(3 6x)
y 3 6x
x
2
1
1
3
4
y
7
5
1
3
5
The solution set is

{(2, 7), (1, 5), (1, 1), (3, 3), (4, 5)}.
2x 2y 0
2x 2y 2y 0 2y
2x 2y
y 6 2x
x
2
1
1
3
4
12 8x
4y
4
2 0.5x
2 0.5(2)
2 0.5(1)
2 0.5(1)
2 0.5(3)
2 0.5(4)
y
3
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
(x, y)
(2, 3)
(1, 2.5)
(1, 1.5)
(3, 0.5)
(4, 0)
The solution set is

{(2, 3), (1, 2.5), (1, 1.5), (3, 0.5), (4, 0)}.
142

3x 2y 14
3x 2y 3x 14 3x
2y 14 3x
2y
2
y
14 3x
2
14 3x
2
14 3x
2
(x, y)
2
14 3(2)
2
10
(2, 10)
1
14 3(1)
2
8.5
(1, 8.5)
14 3(1)
2
5.5
(1, 5.5)
14 3(3)
2
2.5
(3, 2.5)
14 3(4)
2
32.
2x 3
2(3) 3
2(2) 3
2(1) 3
2(1) 3
2(2) 3
2(3) 3
x
3
2
1
1
2
3
y
3
1
1
5
7
9
(x, y)
(3, 3)
(2, 1)
(1, 1)
(1, 5)
(2, 7)
(3, 9)

{(3, 3), (2, 1), (1, 1), (1, 5), (2, 7), (3, 9)}.
y
(4, 1)
The solution set is

{(2, 10), (1, 8.5), (1, 5.5), (3, 2.5), (4, 1)}.
x2y8
1
x 2y x 8 x
1
y
2
1
y
2
33.
8x
1 2 2(8 x)
y 16 2x
16 2x
(x, y)
2
1
1
3
4
16 2(2)
16 2(1)
16 2(1)
16 2(3)
16 2(4)
20
18
14
10
8
(2, 20)
(1, 18)
(1, 14)
(3, 10)
(4, 8)
2x
2x
1
y
3
8
6
4
2
4
4
(3) 3 y (3)(4 2x)

x
2
1
1
3
4
y 12 6x
12 6x
12 6(2)
12 6(1)
12 6(1)
12 6(3)
12 6(4)
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
3 y 4 2x
1
(x, y)
(5, 16)
(2, 7)
(1, 2)
(3, 8)
(4, 11)
2x 4 2x
1
y
16
7
2
8
11

{(5, 16), (2, 7), (1, 2), (3, 8), (4, 11)}.
The solution set is

{(2, 20), (1, 18), (1, 14), (3, 10), (4, 8)}.
1
y
3
3x 1
3(5) 1
3(2) 1
3(1) 1
3(3) 1
3(4) 1
x
5
2
1
3
4
y
24
18
6
6
12
(x, y)
(2, 24)
(1, 18)
(1, 6)
(3, 6)
(4, 12)
The solution set is

{(2, 24), (1, 18), (1, 6), (3, 6), (4, 12)}.
143
Chapter 4

3x 2y 5
3x 2y 3x 5 3x
2y 5 3x
2y
2
y
Graph the solution set {(4, 7), (1, 3.25), (0, 2),
(2, 0.5), (4, 3), (6, 5.5)}.
y
5 3x
2
3x 5
2
3x 5
2
(x, y)
3
3(3) 5
2
7
(3, 7)
1
3(1) 5
2
4
(1, 4)
3(2) 5
2
0.5
(2, 0.5)
3(4) 5
2
3.5
(4, 3.5)
3(5) 5
2
(5, 5)
1
x
2

{(3, 7), (1, 4), (2, 0.5), (4, 3.5), (5, 5)}.
1
x
2
y2
1
y 2x 2 2x
1
y 2 2x

5x 4y 8
5x 4y 5x 8 5x
4y 8 5x
4y
4
y
(x, y)
(4, 4)
4
2 2(4)
1
2 2(1)
2.5
(1, 2.5)
2 2 112
1
1.5
(1, 1.5)
2 2(4)
2
1
(7)
2
1.5
2 2(8)
2
(4, 0)
(7, 1.5)
(8, 2)
8 5x
4
8 5x
4
(x, y)
4
8 5(4)
4
(4, 7)
1
8 5(1)
4
3.25
8 5(0)
4
8 5(2)
4
0.5
8 5(4)
4
3
8 5(6)
4
5.5
Chapter 4
Graph the solution set {(4, 4), (1, 2.5), (1, 1.5),
(4, 0), (7, 1.5), (8, 2)}.
8 5x
4
2 2x
(1, 3.25)
(0, 2)
(2, 0.5)
(4, 3)
(6, 5.5)
144
37.
1
x
4
3
4
1
(4)
4
3
4
2
1
(2)
4
3
3.5
1
(0)
4
3
3
1
(2)
4
1
(4)
4
3
2
1
(6)
4
3
1.5
3
2.5
41.
(x, y)
(4, 4)
(2, 3.5)
(0, 3)
(2, 2.5)
(4, 2)
(6, 1.5)
42.
8 3x
8 3(1)
8 3(2)
8 3(5)
8 3(8)
2y 6
2(4) 6
2(3) 6
2(1) 6
2(6) 6
2(7) 6
34
34 32
1.8
1.1
Chicago
23
23 32
1.8
San Francisco
55
55 32
1.8
12.7
72
72 32
1.8
22.2
40
40 32
1.8
4.4
5
P 2/ 2w
24 2/ 2w
24 2w 2/ 2w 2w
24 2w 2/
2/
2
12 w
12 1
12 2
12 3
12 4
12 5
w
1
2
3
4
5

11
10
9
8
7
(w, )
(1, 11)
(2, 10)
(3, 9)
(4, 8)
(5, 7)
For the values of w chosen, the solution set is

{(1, 11), (2, 10), (3, 9), (4, 8), (5, 7)}.
y
11
2
7
16
45.
x
14
12
4
6
8
Length of
Tibia (cm)
30.5
34.8
36.3
37.9
Male
Height
(cm)
81.7 2.4(30.5)
81.7 2.4(34.8)
81.7 2.4(36.3)
81.7 2.4(37.9)
(T, H )
(30.5, 154.9)
(34.8, 165.2)
(36.3, 168.8)
(37.9, 172.7)
Length of
Tibia (cm)
30.5
34.8
36.3
37.9
Female
Height
(cm)
72.6 2.5(30.5)
72.6 2.5(34.8)
72.6 2.5(36.3)
72.6 2.5(37.9)
(T, H )
(30.5, 148.9)
(34.8, 159.6)
(36.3, 163.4)
(37.9, 167.4)
176
172
168
164
160
156
152
148
144
The domain is {14, 12, 4, 6, 8}.

40.
F 1.8C 32
F 32 1.8C 32 32
F 32 1.8C
New York
12 w /
43. Since the equation is solved for , the dependent
variable is and the independent variable is w.
44. Sample answer:
The range is {16, 7, 2, 11}.

39. Since the range is given, first solve the equation
for x in terms of y.
2y x 6
2y x 2y 6 2y
x 6 2y
1121x2 11216 2y2
x 2y 6
F 32
1.8
F 32
1.8
24 2w
2

3x y 8
3x y 3x 8 3x
y 8 3x
y
4
3
1
6
7
F 32
1.8
Washington, D.C.
x
1
2
5
8
Miami
Graph the solution set {(4, 4), (2, 3.5),

(0, 3), (2, 2.5), (4, 2), (6, 1.5)}.
City
1.8C
1.8
C
Male
Female
T
30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38
145
Chapter 4
47c. Substitute each given range value for y and

solve for x.
y 04x 16 0
0 04x 16 0
The only number whose absolute value gives 0 is
0, so the expression 4x 16 must represent 0.
4x 16 0
4x 16 16 0 16
4x 16
47a. Substitute each given range value for y and

solve for x.
y x2
0 x2
The only number that gives 0 when squared is
0, so x 0 when y 0.
16 x2
Both 42 and (4)2 give 16, so x 4 or x 4
when y 16.
4x
4
36 x2
Both 62 and (6)2 give 36, so x 6 or x 6
when y 36.
Thus, if the range of y x2 is {0, 16, 36}, then
the domain is {6, 4, 0, 4, 6}.
47b. Substitute each given range value for y and
solve for x.
y 04x 0 16
0 04x 0 16
0 16 04x 0 16 16
16 04x 0
Since both 016 0 and 016 0 give 16, the expression
4x may represent either 16 or 16.
4x 16
4x
4
16
4
4x 16 16
4x 16 16 16 16
4x 32
4x
4
4x
4
16
4
4x
4
4x
4
0
4
x0
52
4
4x
4
20
4
x 13
x 5
So, x 13 or x 5 when y 36.
Thus, if the range of y 04x 16 0 is {0, 16, 36},
then the domain is {5, 0, 4, 8, 13}.
48. Sample answer:
x
1
2
3
4
5
x4
14
24
34
44
54
y
5
6
7
8
9
(x, y)
(1, 5)
(2, 6)
(3, 7)
(4, 8)
(5, 9)
For the values of x chosen, the relation is

{(1, 5), (2, 6), (3, 7), (4, 8), (5, 9)} and the inverse
relation is {(5, 1), (6, 2), (7, 3), (8, 4), (9, 5)}.
Since each y-coordinate is 4 less than each
x-coordinate in each ordered pair of the inverse
relation, the equation of the inverse relation is
y x 4.
52
4
x 13
x 13
Thus, if the range of y 04x 0 16 is {0, 16, 36},
then the domain is {13, 8, 4, 4, 8, 13}.
Chapter 4
32
4
x8
x8
x 8
36 04x 0 16
36 16 04x 0 16 16
52 04x 0
4x 52
4x 52
52
4
4x 16 16
4x 16 16 16 16
4x 0

36 04x 16 0
4x 16 may represent either 36 or 36.
4x 16 36
4x 16 36
4x 16 16 36 16 4x 16 16 36 16
4x 52
4x 20
x4
x 4
16 04x 0 16
16 16 04x 0 16 16
32 04x 0
4x 32
4x 32
4x
32
4x
32

4
4
4
4
4x
4
16
4
x4
So, x 4 when y 0.
16 04x 16 0
4x 16 may represent either 16 or 16.
4x 16
4x
4
146
49. When traveling to other countries, currency and

measurement systems are often different. You
need to convert these systems to the system with
which you are familiar. Answers should include
the following.
At the current exchange rate, 15 pounds is
roughly 10 dollars and 10 pounds is roughly
7 dollars. Keeping track of every 15 pounds
you spend would be relatively easy.
If the exchange rate is 0.90 compared to the
dollar, then items will cost less in dollars.
For example, an item that is 10 in local
currency is equivalent to $9.00. If the
exchange rate is 1.04, then items will cost
more in dollars. For example, an item that
costs 10 in local currency is equivalent to
$10.40.
50. D;
3x y 18
3x 3 18
3x 3 3 18 3
3x 21
3x
3
54.
X
.4
.6
1.8
2.2
3.1
55.
TABLE
ENTER 2nd
TABLE 2.5 ENTER 1.75 ENTER 0 ENTER
1.25 ENTER 3.33 ENTER
X
2.5
1.75
0
1.25
3.33
21
CLEAR 3 X,T,,n
ENTER 2nd
X
11
15
23
44
Page 217
KEYSTROKES:
Y1
37
41
65
128
CLEAR 6.5 X,T,,n

ENTER 2nd
X
8
5
0
3
7
12
TblSet
TABLE 8 ENTER 5 ENTER 0 ENTER 3
ENTER 7 ENTER 12 ENTER
42 2nd
56. relation: {(4, 9), (3, 2), (1, 5), (4, 2)}
inverse: {(9, 4), (2, 3), (5, 1), (2, 4)}
57. relation: {(2, 7), (6, 4), (6, 1), (11, 8)}
inverse: {(7, 2), (4, 6), (1, 6), (8, 11)}
58. relation: {(3, 2), (2, 3), (3, 3), (4, 2)}
inverse: {(2, 3), (3, 2), (3, 3), (2, 4)}
59. To reflect the triangle over the y-axis, multiply
(x, y) S (x, y)
X(6, 4) S X(6, 4)
Y(5, 0) S Y(5, 0)
Z(3, 3) S Z(3, 3)
The solution set is

{(11, 37), (15, 41) , (23, 65), (44, 128)}.
53.
Y1
4.26
3.21
.76
.99
3.902
The solution set is {(2.5, 4.26), (1.75, 3.21),

(0, 0.76), (1.25, 0.99), (3.33, 3.90)}.
TblSet
TABLE 11 ENTER 15 ENTER 23 ENTER 44
ENTER
2nd
CLEAR 1.4 X,T,,n
KEYSTROKES:
0.76 2nd
2/ 2w
2
KEYSTROKES:
Y1
13.2
13.8
17.4
18.6
21.3
The solution set is {(0.4, 13.2), (0.6, 13.8),

(1.8, 17.4), (2.2, 18.6), (3.1, 21.3)}.
7/w
So, the sum of the length and width is 7, and the
product of the length and width is 12. Of the
dimensions given, this is true only for a 3 4
rectangle.
52.
12
TblSet
TABLE 0.4 ENTER 0.6 ENTER 1.8 ENTER
2.2 ENTER 3.1 ENTER
2nd
3
x7
51. C; P 2/ 2w
A /w
14 2/ 2w
12 /w
14
2
CLEAR 3 X,T,,n
ENTER 2nd
KEYSTROKES:
Z
Y
Y1
94
74.5
42
22.5
3.5
36
Z
O
The solution set is {(8, 94), (5, 74.5), (0, 42),

(3, 22.5), (7, 3.5), (12, 36)}.
147
Chapter 4
67. Hypothesis: it is hot

Conclusion: we will go swimming
68. Hypothesis: you do your chores
Conclusion: you get an allowance
69. Hypothesis: 3n 7 17
Conclusion: n 8
70. Hypothesis: a b and b c
Conclusion: a c
71.
72.
a 15 20
r 9 12
a 15 15 20 15
r 9 9 12 9
a5
r 21
73.
74.
4 5n 6
3 8w 35
4 6 5n 6 6
3 8w 3 35 3
10 5n
8w 32
60. To rotate the quadrilateral 90 counterclockwise

vertex and then multiply the new first coordinate
by 1.
(x, y) S (y, x)
Q(2, 2) S Q(2, 2)
R(3, 3) S R(3, 3)
S(1, 4) S S(4, 1)
T(4, 3) S T(3, 4)
y
R
Q
S x
61.
10
5
R
T
g
4
75.
g
4
6 ? 18
45
15
?
11 ? 33
34
12
?
11(34) 12(33)
374 396
The cross products are not equal, so
ratios do not form a proportion.
11
12
33
.
34
The
8(55) 22(20)
440 440
20
The cross products are equal, so 22 55. Since the

ratios are equal, they form a proportion.
64.
6 ? 3
4
8
?
6(4) 8(3)
24 24
6

65.
3 ? 9
25
5
?
3(25) 5(9)
75 45
66.
3
5
25. The
26 ? 12
15
35
?
26(15) 35(12)
390 420
Chapter 4
26
35
76.
3
1 2 4(3)
3
m
5
5
m 3
5
m 3
5
2
2
2 5(2)
m 3 10
m 3 3 10 3
m7
4-5
Graphing Linear Equations
Page 221
1. The former will be a graph of four points, and the

latter will be a graph of a line.
2a. Sample answer: y 8 is a linear equation in the
form Ax By C, where A 0, B 1, and C 8.
2b. Sample answer: x 5 is a linear equation in
the form Ax By C, where A 1, B 0, and
C 5.
2c. Sample answer: x y 0 is a linear equation in
the form Ax By C, where A 1, B 1, and
C 0.
3. Determine the point at which the graph intersects
the x-axis by letting y 0 and solving for x.
Likewise, determine the point at which the graph
intersects the y-axis by letting x 0 and solving
for y. Draw a line through the two points.
4. Since the term y2 has an exponent of 2, the
equation cannot be written in the form Ax By
C. Therefore, this is not a linear equation.
5. First rewrite the equation so that the variables
are on one side of the equation and a constant is
on the other side.
3y 2 0
3y 2 2 0 2
3y 2
The equation can be written as 0x 3y 2.
Therefore, it is a linear equation in standard form
where A 0, B 3, and C 2.
8 ? 20
55
22
?
g
4
g
4
g 12
18

63.
25
32
8
w 4
2252
6(45) 15(18)
270 270
62.
8w
8
5n
5
2 n
12
15. The
148
6. To write the equation with integer coefficients,

multiply each term by 5.
3
x
5
10. Select five values for the domain and make a table.
135 2x 5125 2y 5152
3x 2y 25
The equation is now in standard form where A 3,
B 2, and C 25. This is a linear equation.
1
y
1
0
1
2
4
y 2x 8
(x, y)
(3, 1)
(3, 0)
(3, 1)
(3, 2)
(3, 4)
11. To find the x-intercept, let y 0.

y 3 x
0 3 x
0 3 3 x 3
3 x
1(3) 1(x)
3 x
The graph intersects the x-axis at (3, 0).
To find the y-intercept, let x 0.
y 3 x
y 3 (0)
y 3
The graph intersects the y-axis at (0, 3).
Plot these points and draw the line that connects
them.
x3
9. Solve the equation for y.

xy0
xyx0x
y x
11y2 11x2
yx
Select five values for the domain and make a table.
y
2
1
0
2
4
x
2
1
0
2
4
(x, y)
(4, 0)
(3, 2)
(1, 6)
(0, 8)
(1, 10)
Graph the ordered pairs and draw a line through

the points.
y
0
2
6
8
10

the points.
7. Since the term y has a variable in the denominator,

the equation cannot be written in the form Ax By
8. The only value in the domain is 3. Since there is no
y in the equation, the value of y does not depend on
the value on x. Therefore, y can be any real number.
Select five values for the range and make a table.
x
3
3
3
3
3
2x 8
2(4) 8
2(3) 8
2(1) 8
2(0) 8
2(1) 8
x
4
3
1
0
1
5y 5
y 3 x
(x, y)
(2, 2)
(1, 1)
(0, 0)
(2, 2)
(4, 4)

the points.
y
xy0
149
Chapter 4

x 4y 10
x 4102 10
x 10
x 4y 10
0 4y 10
4y 10
4y
4
0.75m 2.25
0.75(0) 2.25
0.75(4) 2.25
0.75(8) 2.25
0.75(12) 2.25
0.75(16) 2.25
m
0
4
8
12
16
18
16
14
12
Cost
($) 10
8
6
4
2
x 4y 10
c 0.75m 2.25
x
0
12
4
x3
4x 3y 12
4(0) 3y 12
3y 12
3y
3
Pages 221223
12
3
y
4x 3y 12
Chapter 4
Practice and Apply

are on the same side of the equation.
3x 5y
3x 5y 5y 5y
3x 5y 0
6 y 2x
6 y y 2x y
6 2x y
2x y 6
18. Since the term 6xy has two variables, the equation
cannot be written in the form Ax By C.
Therefore, this is not a linear equation.
y4
them.
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Miles
15. Use the graph to estimate the y-coordinate in the

ordered pair that contains 18 as the x-coordinate.
The ordered pair (18, 16) appears to be on the
line, so an 18-mile taxi ride will cost about $16.
To check this solution algebraically, substitute
m 18 into the original equation:
c 0.75m 2.25
c 0.751182 2.25
c 15.75
An 18-mile taxi ride will cost $15.75.

4x 3y 12
4x 3(0) 12
4x 12
(m, c)
(0, 2.25)
(4, 5.25)
(8, 8.25)
(12, 11.25)
(16, 14.25)

the points.
10
4
y 2.5
The graph intersects the y-axis at (0, 2.5).
them.
4x
4
c
2.25
5.25
8.25
11.25
14.25
150

on the other side.
y50
y5505
y 5
The equation can be written as 0x y 5.
20. First simplify. Then rewrite the equation so that
the variables are on the same side of the equation.
7y 2x 5x
7y 7x
7y 7y 7x 7y
0 7x 7y
7x 7y 0
Since the GCF of 7, 7, and 0 is not 1, divide
each side by 7.
7(x y) 0
7(x y2
7

on the other side.
3a b 2 b
3a b 2 b b b
3a 2 0
3a 2 2 0 2
3a 2
The equation can be written as 3a 0b 2.
26. The only value in the range is 1. Since there is
no x in the equation, the value of x does not
depend on y. Therefore, x can be any real number.
Select five values for the domain and make a
table.
x
3
1
0
2
4
7
xy0
21. Since the term 4x2 has an exponent of 2, the
3
4
22. Since each of the terms x and y has a variable in
the denominator, the equation cannot be written
in the form Ax By C. Therefore, this is not a
linear equation.
23. To write the equation with integer coefficients,
multiply each term by 6.
x
2
x
2
10
(x, y)
(3, 1)
(1, 1)
(0, 1)
(2, 1)
(4, 1)
y
1
1
1
1
1

the points.
y
y 1
2y
3
1 2 6(10) 61 3 2
2y
27. Select five values for the domain and make a

table.
3x 60 4y
Then rewrite the equation so that the variables
3x 4y 60 4y 4y
3x 4y 60
The equation is now in standard form the A 3,
7n 8m 4 2m
7n 8m 2m 4 2m 2m
7n 6m 4
6m 7n 4
1(6m 7n) 1(4)
6m 7n 4
2x
2(2)
2(1)
2(0)
2(1)
2(2)
x
2
1
0
1
2
y
4
2
0
2
4
(x, y)
(2, 4)
(1, 2)
(0, 0)
(1, 2)
(2, 4)

the points.
y
y 2x
O
151
Chapter 4

the points.

table.
5x
5 (1)
50
51
53
55
x
1
0
1
3
5
y
6
5
4
2
0
(x, y)
(1, 6)
(0, 5)
(1, 4)
(3, 2)
(5, 0)
y 4 3x
x

the points.
y
2x 8
2(1) 8
2(0) 8
2(2) 8
2(4) 8
2(5) 8
y
10
8
4
0
2
yx6

x 3y
1
1
(x) 3 (3) y
3
1
xy
3
y 2x 8

1
x
3

table.
x
1
0
1
2
3
4 3x
4 3(1)
4 3(0)
4 3(1)
4 3(2)
4 3(3)
y
7
4
1
2
5
(x, y)
(1, 7)
(0, 4)
(1, 1)
(2, 2)
(3, 5)
(x, y)
(3, 1)
3
1
(3)
3
1
1
1
(1)
3
1
3
1
(0)
3
1
(1)
3
1
3
1
(3)
3
11, 13 2
(0, 0)
11, 13 2
(3, 1)

the points.
y
x 3y
O
Chapter 4
(x, y)
(1, 7)
(0, 6)
(2, 4)
(4, 2)
(6, 0)
(x, y)
(1, 10)
(0, 8)
(2, 4)
(4, 0)
(5, 2)

the points.
y
7
6
4
2
0

the points.

table.
x
1
0
2
4
5
x6
1 6
06
26
46
66
x
1
0
2
4
6
y5x
152

x 3y 9
x 3y x 9 x
3y 9 x

x 4y 6
x 6 4y 6 6
x 6 4y
x 6
4
x 6
4
3y
3
4y
4
y
y

x 6
4
6
6 6
4
4
4 6
4
2
2 6
4
0 6
4
1
12
1 6
4
14
(x, y)
1
2
14, 2
1
2
(2, 1)
9 x
3
(x, y)
3
9 (3)
3
(3, 4)
2
9 (2)
3
2
33
9 0
3
9 1
3
23
9 3
3
(6, 0)
9 x
3
9 x
3
10, 2
11, 134 2
1
12

the points.
12, 323 2
(0, 3)
11, 223 2
(3, 2)

the points.
x 4y 6
x 3y 9
O

x y 3
x y x 3 x
y 3 x
1(y) 1(3 x)
y3x
table.
3x
3 (3)
3 (1)
30
31
32
x
3
1
0
1
2
y
0
2
3
4
5

4x 6y 8
4x 6(0) 8
4x 8
4x
4
4
x2
4x 6y 8
4(0) 6y 8
6y 8
(x, y)
(3, 0)
(1, 2)
(0, 3)
(1, 4)
(2, 5)
6y
6
6
4
y 3 or 13

the points.
The graph intersects the y-axis at 0, 13 .

them.
x y 3
4x 6y 8
O
x
O
153
Chapter 4

3x 2y 15
3x 2(0) 15
3x 15
3x
3

2.5x 5y 75
2.5x 5y 2.5x 75 2.5x
5y 75 2.5x
5y
5
15
3
x5
3x 2y 15
3(0) 2y 15
2y 15
2y
2
15
3x 2y 15

1.5x y 4
1.5x (0) 4
1.5x 4
1
2
1
2
xy4
x 102 4
1.5
1
2
1
2
x4
1 2 x 2(4)
x8
The graph intersects the x-axis at 23, 0 .

1.5x y 4
1.5(0) y 4
y4
them.
1
2
xy4
1
(0)
2
y4
y4
them.
y
1.5x y 4
O
Chapter 4
(x, y)
(2, 16)
(0, 15)
(2, 14)
(6, 12)
(10, 10)
y
16
14
12
10
8 2.5x 5y 75
6
4
2
O
42
2 4 6 8 10 12x
y
16
15
14
12
10

the points.
x 23
15 0.5x
15 0.5(2)
15 0.5(0)
15 0.5(2)
15 0.5(6)
15 0.5(10)
x
2
0
2
6
10
y 7.5
them.
1.5x
1.5
75 2.5x
5
y 15 0.5x
2
154
1
xy4
2

them.
2
3
x y1
2
x 3 (0) 1
x1
4x 3y
41
3
1
2
x3y1
2x
1
(0) 3 y 1
2
3 y 1
1 22
2 3 y 2 (1)
1 2x
3y
1
4
3(0)
1
4
10
3
(x, y)
10
3
7
312
1
(0)
4
10
3
33
1
(2)
4
10
3
26
1
(4)
4
10
3
23
1
(6)
4
10
3
16
1
0
1
5
1
5
11, 3127 2
10, 313 2
12, 256 2
14, 213 2
16, 156 2
3
(1)
4

0
01
1
4
(1)
3
4
3
1
13

the points.
x 0.75
The graph intersects the x-axis at (0.75, 0).
4x
3
4(0)
3
10
1
(1)
4
1
3 4
4 3
1
x
4

1
1
y 4x 3
table.
x 3y 1
4x
3
4x
3
4x
3
y 3 3 4x 3 3
y 3 4x 3
y 1.5
them.
3y
1
4
3y
1
4
3y
1
4
3y
1
4
3y
4
4 3
y
3 4
y 3 4x 3

4x 7y 14
4x 7(0) 14
4x 14
1
12
4x
4
x
y
y
14
4
7
2
The x-intercept is
7
2
or 32.

4x 7y 14
4(0) 7y 14
7y 14
7y
7
14
7
y 2.
The y-intercept is 2.
155
Chapter 4
45. Since the x-intercept is 3, the graph intersects the

x-axis at (3, 0). Since the y-intercept is 5, the
graph intersects the y-axis at (0, 5). Both points,
(3, 0) and (0, 5), lie on the line, so must make
Ax By C true.
Substituting (3, 0) for (x, y), we have A(3) B(0)
C, or 3A C.
Substituting (0, 5) for (x, y) we have A(0) B(5)
C, or 5B C.
Since 3A C and 5B C, we can conclude that
3A 5B.
Since A and B must be integers with a GCF of 1,
A 5 and B 3. This means C 15.
Therefore, the equation of the line with an
x-intercept of 3 and a y-intercept of 5 in standard
form is 5x 3y 15.
46.
2/ 2w P
2(2x) 2( y) 30
4x 2y 30
Since the GCF of 4, 2, and 30 is not 1, the
equation is not written in standard form. Divide
each side by the GCF.
2(2x y) 30
2(2x y)
2
49.
Distance (miles)
30
2
3
0.21
15
2
d 0.21t
t
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Time (seconds)
0.21t
0.21
14.29 t
So, it will take about 14 s to hear the thunder
from a storm 3 mi away.
52. Select five values for w and make a table.
0.07w
0.07(100)
0.07(140)
0.07(220)
0.07(260)
0.07(300)
w
100
140
220
260
300
y
7
9.8
15.4
18.2
21
(w, y)
(100, 7)
(140, 9.8)
(220, 15.4)
(260, 18.2)
(300, 21)
Graph the ordered pairs in the table and draw a

line through the points.
24
Pints of Blood
20
16
12
8
0
Chapter 4
51. Use the graph to estimate the value of the

x-coordinate in the ordered pair that contains
3 as the y-coordinate. The ordered pair (14, 3)
appears to be on the line. To check this solution
algebraically, substitute d 3 into the original
equation:
d 0.21t
3 0.21t
5
4
3
2
1
0
x 7.5
The x-intercept of the graph is 7.5.
2x y 15
2(0) y 15
y 15
The y-intercept of the graph is 15.
48. Since the x-intercept is 7.5, the graph crosses the
x-axis at (7.5, 0). Since the y-intercept is 15, the
graph crosses the y-axis at (0, 15). Plot these
points and draw the line that connects them.
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
(t, d)
(0, 0)
(2, 0.42)
(4, 0.84)
(6, 1.26)
(8, 1.68)
(10, 2.1)
(12, 2.52)
(14, 2.94)
(16, 3.36)
d
0
0.42
0.84
1.26
1.68
2.1
2.52
2.94
3.36
50. Graph the ordered pairs in the table and draw a

2x y 15
2x y 15
2x (0) 15
2x 15
2x
2
0.21t
0.21(0)
0.21(2)
0.21(4)
0.21(6)
0.21(8)
0.21(10)
0.21(12)
0.21(14)
0.21(16)
t
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
156
w
100 140 180 220 260 300 340
Weight (lb)
58. You can graph an equation that represents how

many Calories and nutrients your diet should
contain. Since your diet is different every day, it is
easier to use the graph to determine your goal
instead of making calculations every day. Answers
Nutrition information labels provide facts
about how many grams of fat are in each
serving and/or how many Calories are from fat.
The number of grams of protein would equal
10% of the total number of Calories divided by
4 Calories per gram or p 0.025C.
59. A;
x
3x 5
y
(x, y)
53. Use the graph to estimate the value of the

x-coordinate in the ordered pair that contains 12 as
the y-coordinate. The ordered pair (170, 12) appears
to be on the line. To check this solution algebraically,
substitute y 12 into the original equation:
y 0.07w
12 0.07w
12
0.07
0.07w
0.07
171.43 w
So, a person weighing about 171 lb will have
12 pt of blood.
54. Select five values for d and make a table.
0.43d 14.7
0.43(0) 14.7
0.43(20) 14.7
0.43(60) 14.7
0.43(80) 14.7
0.43(100) 14.7
d
0
20
60
80
100
p
14.7
23.3
40.5
49.1
57.7
(d, p)
(0, 14.7)
(20, 23.3)
(60, 40.5)
(80, 49.1)
(100, 57.7)
2
(1, 2)
60. B; of the given points, only (2, 2) appears to lie on

the line.
Page 223
61.
Graph the ordered pairs in the table and draw a

p
100
80
x
3
1
2
5
8

x5
3 5
1 5
25
55
85
y
8
6
3
0
3
(x, y)
(3, 8)
(1, 6)
(2, 3)
(5, 0)
(8, 3)
The solution set is

{(3, 8), (1, 6), (2, 3), (5, 0), (8, 3)}.
60
40
62.
20
O
3(1) 5
20
40
60
80
100
55. Substitute d 400 into the equation:

p 0.43d 14.7
p 0.43(4002 14.7
p 186.7
At a depth of 400 ft, the pressure is 186.7 psi.
56. The pressure at sea level is 14.7 psi. The pressure
186.7
at 400 ft, 186.7 psi, is 14.7 12.7 times as great.
57. Solve the equation for y in terms of x.
2x y 8
2x y 2x 8 2x
y 8 2x
1(y) 1(8 2x)
y 2x 8
Substitute the value for x into the expression
2x 8. If the value of y is less than the value of
2x 8, then the point lies below the line. If the
value of y is greater than the value of 2x 8,
then the point lies above the line. If the value of
y is equal to the value of x, then the point lies on
the line. Sample answers:
(1, 5) Since 5 7 2(1) 8, the point (1, 5) lies
above the line.
(5, 1) Since 1 6 2(5) 8, the point (5, 1) lies
below the line.
(6, 4) Since 4 2(6) 8, the point (6, 4) lies on
the line.
x
3
1
2
5
8
2x 1
2(3) 1
2(1) 1
2(2) 1
2(5) 1
2(8) 1
y
5
1
5
11
17
(x, y)
(3, 5)
(1, 1)
(2, 5)
(5, 11)
(8, 17)
The solution set is

{(3, 5), (1, 1), (2, 5), (5, 11), (8, 17)}.
3x y 12
3x y 3x 12 3x
y 12 3x
x
3
1
2
5
8
12 3x
12 3(3)
12 3(1)
12 3(2)
12 3(5)
12 3(8)
y
21
15
6
3
12
(x, y)
(3, 21)
(1, 15)
(2, 6)
(5, 3)
(8, 12)
The solution set is

{(3, 21), (1, 15), (2, 6), (5, 3), (8, 12)}.
157
Chapter 4

2 x y 3
2 x y 2x 3 2x
y 3 2x
1(y2 113 2x2
y 3 2x
3 2x
x
3
1
2
5
8
3
3
3
3
3

2(3)
2(1)
2(2)
2(5)
2(8)
y
3
1
7
13
19
67.
3x
3x
1
y
2
(3, 3)
(1, 1)
(2, 7)
(5, 13)
(8, 19)
3
4
3
5
1
2
1
The domain of this relation is {4, 3, 3}.

The range is {1, 1, 2, 5}.
68.
6
3x 6 3x
1
1 2y 2(6 3x)
x
4
2
1
4
1
2
6x 12
6(3) 12
6(1) 12
6(2) 12
6(5) 12
6(8) 12
y
30
18
0
18
36
(x, y)
(3, 30)
(1, 18)
(2, 0)
(5, 18)
(8, 36)
69.
2x 3 y 4
1
2x 3 y 2x 4 2x
x
3
1
2
5
8
12
4 2x
3(4 2x)
y 12 6x
12 6x
12 6(3)
12 6(1)
12 6(2)
12 6(5)
12 6(8)
y
6
6
24
42
60
(x, y)
(3, 6)
(1, 6)
(2, 24)
(5, 42)
(8, 60)
4
2
1
0
3
4
x
1
3
1
3
y
4
0
1
5
1
3
1
4
0
1
5
The domain of the relation is {1, 1, 3}. The

range is {1, 0, 4, 5}.
The solution set is

{(3, 6), (1, 6), (2, 24), (5, 42), (8, 60)}.
Chapter 4
The domain of the relation is {1, 2, 4}. The

range is {3, 0, 4}.
The solution set is

{(3, 30), (1, 18), (2, 0), (5, 18), (8, 36)}.
1
y
3
1
y
3
y
0
3
3
4
y 6x 12
x
3
1
2
5
8
2 y 6 3x
2
y
5
1
2
1
(x, y)
The solution set is

{(3, 3), (1, 1), (2, 7), (5, 13), (8, 19)}.
1
y
2
x
3
4
3
3
158
70.
x
4
2
4
3
74.
y
5
5
1
2
O
4
2
3
5
1
2
6(x 32 3x
6x 18 3x
6x 18 3x 3x 3x
3x 18 0
3x 18 18 0 18
3x 18
3x
3
6[ (6) 3] 3(6)
?
6(3) 18
18 18
so use a scale that includes these values. Place an
X above each value for each occurrence.

The domain of the relation is {2, 3, 4}. The range

is {1, 2, 5}.
2(x 22 3x (4x 52
2x 4 3x 4x 5
2x 4 x 5
2x 4 x x 5 x
3x 4 5
3x 4 4 5 4
3x 9
3x
3
Check:
x3
2(x 2) 3x (4x 5)
?
2(3 2) 3(3) [4(3) 5]

?
2(1) 9 (12 5)
?
2 9 (7)
22
72.
3a 8 2a 4
3a 8 2a 2a 4 2a
a 8 4
a 8 8 4 8
a 12
Check:
3a 8 2a 4
?
3(12) 8 2(12) 4
?
36 8 24 4
28 28
73.
3n 12 5n 20
3n 12 3n 5n 20 3n
12 2n 20
12 20 2n 20 20
8 2n
Check:
8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
40
76. Looking at the line plot, we can see that there are
12 Xs above the numbers between 7 and 16,
inclusive. So, 12 animals have average life spans
between 7 and 16 years, inclusive.
77. Since there are more Xs above 15 than above any
other number, we can easily see that an average
life span of 15 years occurs most frequently.
78. Since there are 4 Xs above numbers 20 and
greater, there are 4 animals with average life
spans of at least 20 years.
79. 19 5 4 19 20
39
80. (25 4) (22 13) (25 4) (4 1)
21 3
7
81. 12 4 15 3 3 45
48
82. 12(19 15) 3 8 12(4) 3 8
48 24
24
83. 6(43 22) 6(64 4)
6(68)
408
84. 7[43 2(4 3)] 7 2 7[43 2(4 3 )] 7 2
3
8
2
18
3
x 6
6(x 3) 3x
Check:
71.

2n
2
4n
3n 12 5n 20
?
3(4) 12 5(4) 20
?
12 12 20 20
00
159
7[64 2(7)] 7 2
7(64 14) 7 2
7(50) 7 2
350 7 2
50 2
52
Chapter 4
PQ249-6481F-04[122-168] 14/8/02 03:24 PM Page 160 Sahuja Ahuja_QXP_13:InProcess_AQ13:Sunita_14/8/02:
5. First solve the equation for y.

x y 2
x y x 2 x
y 2 x
Pages 224225
Graphing Calculator
Investigation (Follow-Up of Lesson 4-5)
1.
KEYSTROKES:
CLEAR
X,T,,n
ZOOM 6
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1

[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
2.
KEYSTROKES:
CLEAR 2
KEYSTROKES:
CLEAR 4 X,T,,n
X,T,,n
ZOOM 6
ZOOM 6

x 4y 8
x 4y x 8 x
4y 8 x
4y
4
y
8 x
4
x 8
4
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
3.
KEYSTROKES:
CLEAR 6
5 X,T,,n
ZOOM 6
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
KEYSTROKES:
8
7.
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
CLEAR
X,T,,n
4 ZOOM 6
KEYSTROKES:
CLEAR 5 X,T,,n
ZOOM 6

2x y 6
2x y 2x 6 2x
y 6 2x
Since the origin and the x- and y-intercepts of the

graph are displayed, the graph is complete.
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1

[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
KEYSTROKES:
CLEAR 6
8.
KEYSTROKES:
CLEAR 10 X,T,,n
2 X,T,,n
Since the origin and the x- and y-intercepts of the

graph are displayed, the graph is complete.
ZOOM 6
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
Chapter 4
ZOOM 6
160
9.
KEYSTROKES:
CLEAR 3 X,T,,n

4x 2y 21
4x 2y 4x 21 4x
2y 21 4x
18
ZOOM 6
Since the y-intercept is outside of the standard
viewing window, the graph is not complete. Find
the y-intercept.
y 3x 18
y 3(0) 18
y 18
2y
2
CLEAR 10.5
KEYSTROKES:
2 X,T,,n
ZOOM 6
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
One possible viewing window that will show a

complete graph is [2, 10] scl: 1 by [20, 6] scl: 2.

the y-intercept.
4x 2y 21
4102 2y 21
2y 21
2y
2
21
2
y 10.5
[2, 10] scl: 1 by [20, 6] scl: 2

3x y 12
3x y 3x 12 3x
y 12 3x
11y2 112 3x2
y 3x 12
CLEAR 3 X,T,,n
21 4x
2
y 10.5 2x
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
KEYSTROKES:
12
ZOOM 6
[5, 10] scl: 1 by [5, 15] scl: 1
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1

the y-intercept.
3x y 12
3102 y 12
y 12
11y2 11122
y 12
[2, 8] scl: 1 by [15, 5] scl: 1
161
Chapter 4
4. The mapping represents a function since, for each

element of the domain, there is only one
corresponding element in the range. It does not
matter if two elements of the domain, 2 and 4,
are paired with the same element in the range.
5. The table represents a relation that is not a
function. The element 2 in the domain is paired
with both 1 and 4 in the range. If you are given
that x is 2, you cannot determine the value of y.
6. Since an element of the domain is paired with
more than one element in the range, the relation
is not a function. If you are given that x is 24, you
cannot determine the value of y since both 1 and
5 in the range are paired with x 24.
7. Graph the equation using the x- and y-intercepts.
For each value of x, a vertical line passes through
no more than one point on the graph. Thus, the
line represents a function.

3x 5y 45
3x 5y 3x 45 3x
5y 45 3x
45 3x
5
y
45 3x
5
5y
5
CLEAR
KEYSTROKES:
X,T,,n
45
5 ZOOM 6
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
Since the x-intercept is outside of the standard

the x-intercept.
3x 5y 45
3x 5102 45
3x 45
3x
3
x 15
One possible viewing window that will show
a complete graph is [20, 4] scl: 2 by [10, 5]
scl: 1.
8. The vertical line x 1 intersects the graph at two

points, (1, 2) and (1, 1). Thus, the relation
graphed does not represent a function.
9. For each value of x, a vertical line passes through
relation graphed represents a function.
10. f(x) 4x 5
11. g(x) x 2 1
f(2) 4(2) 5
g(1) (1) 2 1
85
11
3
2
[20, 4] scl: 2 by [10, 5] scl: 1

14. The complete graph is in the standard viewing
window if 10 b 10.
15. b is the y-intercept of the graph.
4-6
45
12. f(x) 4x 5
f(c) 4(c) 5
4c 5
g(x) x 2 1
g(t) 4 [ (t) 2 1] 4
t2 1 4
t2 3
14. f(x) 4x 5
15.
f(x) 4x 5
f(3a2 ) 4(3a2 ) 5
f(x 5) 4(x 5) 5
12a2 5
4x 20 5
4x 15
16. D;
Functions
Pages 228229
13.
1. y is not a function of x since 3 in the domain is

paired with 2 and 3 in the range. x is not a
function of y since 3 in the domain of the
inverse is paired with 4 and 3 in the range.
2. Sample answer: # x # x 1
3. x c, where c is any constant is a linear equation
that is not a function, since the value of c in the
domain is paired with every real number.
x** 2x 1
5** 2** [2(5) 1] [ 2(2) 1]
(10 1) (4 1)
93
6
Pages 229231
Practice and Apply
17. The mapping does not represent a function since

the element 3 in the domain is paired with two
elements in the range.
Chapter 4
162
27. Graph the equation. For each value of x, a vertical

line passes through no more than one point on the
graph. Thus, the equation represents a function.

element in the domain, there is only one
corresponding element in the range.
19. The table represents a relation that is a function
since each element in the domain is paired with
exactly one element in the range.
with both 6 and 2 in the range.
23. Since each element of the domain is paired with
exactly one element of the range, the relation is a
function.
is not a function. Both 5 and 7 in the range are
paired with x 4.
16
12
8
4

y
29. The line x 1 intersects the graph at (1, 1), (1, 2),
(1, 1.5), and many other points. Thus, the relation
graphed does not represent a function.
30. The vertical line x 2 intersects the graph at
two points, (2, 2) and (2, 2). Thus, the
relation graphed does not represent a function.
32. f(x) 3x 7
33. f(x) 3x 7
f(3) 3(3) 7
f(2) 3(2) 7
97
6 7
16
1
16 12 8 4 O 4 8 12 16 x
4
8
12
16
y 8
26. Graph the equation. The vertical line x 15
intersects the graph at more than one point.
Thus, the equation does not represent a function.
20
15
10
5
34. g(x) x2 2x
g(5) (5) 2 2(5)
25 10
15
35. g(x) x2 2x
g(0) (0) 2 2(0)
00
0
g(x) x2 2x
g(3) 1 [ (3) 2 2(3) ] 1
[ 9 (6) ] 1
15 1
16
37.
f(x) 3x 7
f(8) 5 [ 3(8) 7] 5
(24 7) 5
31 5
26
36.
20 1510 5 O 5 10 15 20 x
5
10
15
20
x 15
38. g(x) x2 2x
g(2c) (2c) 2 2(2c)
4c2 4c
40.
f(x) 3x 7
f(K 2) 3(K 2) 7
3K 6 7
3K 13
163
39. f(x) 3x 7
f(a2 ) 3(a2 ) 7
3a2 7
Chapter 4
f(x) 3x 7
f(2m 5) 3(2m 5) 7
6m 15 7
6m 8
42.
g(x) x2 2x
3[g(x) 4] 3[ (x2 2x) 4]
3(x2 2x 4)
3x2 6x 12
f(x) 3x 7
2[f(x2 ) 5] 2[ (3x2 7) 5]
2(3x2 2)
6x2 4
a; The cost is the same for 01 hour, excluding 0.
Then it jumps after 1 hour and remains the same
up to 2 hours. So the line is constant for x values
between 0 and 1, then it jumps at 1. This trend
continues at each hourly interval until 5 hours;
then the cost is constant. This trend is best
represented by graph a.
Since, for each value of x, a vertical line passes
through no more than one point on the graph, the
relation represents a function.
Since the equation t 77 0.005h is solved for t, h
is the independent variable and t is the dependent
variable. This means h represents the elements of
the domain. Therefore, in function notation, the
corresponding elements in the range are represented
by f(h). Thus, the original equation can be written in
function notation as f(h) 77 0.005h.
f(100) 77 0.005(100)
77 0.5
76.5
f(200) 77 0.005(200)
77 1
76
f(1000) 77 0.005(1000)
77 5
72
Using the function values determined in Exercise
46, make a table.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
h
100
200
1000
2000
5000
f(h)
76.5
76
72
67
52
48. It appears that the ordered pair (4000, 55)

represents a point that lies on the line. To check
this solution algebraically, substitute h 4000
into the function:
f(4000) 77 0.005(4000)
77 20
57
The temperature at 4000 ft is 57F.
49. Select five values for s and make a table.
Temperature (F)
Chapter 4
f(s)
72
152
232
312
392
(s, f(s))
(0, 72)
(100, 152)
(200, 232)
(300, 312)
(400, 392)
Graph the ordered pairs and draw the line that

connects them.
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
f (s )
f (s) 0.8s 72
100
200 300 400 s
Science Scores
50. It appears that (290, 308) is a point that lies on

the line. To check this solution algebraically,
substitute f(s) 308 into the function:
f(s) 0.8s 72
308 0.8s 72
308 72 0.8s 72 72
236 0.8s
236
0.8
0.8s
0.8
295 s
A science score of 295 corresponds to a math score
of 308.
51. Kristas math score is above the average because
the point at (260, 320) lies above the graph of the
line for f(s).
52. The set of ordered pairs {(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6)}
represents a function since each element of the
domain is paired with exactly one element of the
range. The inverse of this function, {(2, 1), (4, 3),
(6, 5)}, is also a function.
However, {(1, 2), (3, 2), (5, 6)} is a function, while
its inverse {(2, 1), (2, 3), (6, 5)} is not a function
since the element 2 in the domain is paired with
both 1 and 3 in the range.
It is sometimes true that the inverse of a function
is also a function.
(h, f(h))
(100, 76.5)
(200, 76)
(1000, 72)
(2000, 67)
(5000, 52)
Graph the ordered pairs and draw the line that

connects them.
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0.8s 72
0.8(0) 72
0.8(100) 72
0.8(200) 72
0.8(300) 72
0.8(400) 72
s
0
100
200
300
400
Math Scores
41.
t
t 770.005h
1000 2000 3000 4000 h

Height (ft)
164

the points.
53. Functions can be used in meteorology to

determine if there is a relationship between
certain weather conditions. This can help to
predict future weather patterns. Answers should
As barometric pressure decreases,
temperature increases. As barometric pressure
increases, temperature decreases.
The relation is not a function since there is more
than one temperature for a given barometric
pressure. However, there is still a pattern in the
data and the two variables are related.
54. A; f(x) 20 2x
f(7) 20 2(7)
20 14
6
55. A;
I. If f(x) 2x, then f(3x) 2(3x) 6x and
3[f(x) ] 3(2x) 6x. So it is true that
f(3x) 3[f(x) ].
II. If f(x) 2x, then
f(x 3) 2(x 3) 2x 6 and
f(x) 3 2x 3. So it is not true that
f(x 3) f(x) 3.
y 2x 4

2x 5y 10
2x 5(0) 10
2x 10
2x
2
10
2
x5
2x 5y 10
2(0) 5y 10
5y 10
5y
5
III. If f(x) 2x, then f(x2 ) 2(x2 ) 2x2 and

[ f(x) ] 2 (2x) 2 4x2. So it is not true that
f(x2 ) [f(x) ] 2.
Thus, only statement I is true.
10
5
y2
them.
y
Page 231
x3
3 3
1 3
03
13
23
x
3
1
0
1
2
y
0
2
3
4
5
2x 5y 10
(x, y)
(3, 0)
(1, 2)
(0, 3)
(1, 4)
(2, 5)
59.

the points.
y
yx3
x
3
y
12
2
2
7
1
8
y 5x 3
12 5(3) 3
12 12
2 5(1) 3
2 2
7 5(2) 3
7 13
8 5(1) 3
8 8
True or False?
true
false
false
true
x
0
1
2
3
4
2x 4
2(0) 4
2(1) 4
2(2) 4
2(3) 4
2(4) 4
y
4
2
0
2
4
(x, y)
(0, 4)
(1, 2)
(2, 0)
(3, 2)
(4, 4)
165
Chapter 4
60.
x
3
y
0
1
1
y 2x 6
0 2(3) 6
0 12
4 2(1) 6
44
0 2(6) 6
0 18
1 2(5) 6
1 16
Page 231
True or False?
1.
false
true
false
false
2.
26
t
6.2(t) 0.75(26)
6.2t 19.5
6.2t
6.2
3
.
5
65. 12 16 12 (16)
( 016 0 012 0 )
(16 12)
4
66. 5 (8) 5 [(8) ]
5 8
( 08 0 05 0 )
(8 5)
3
67. 16 (4) 16 4
20
68. 9 6 9 (6)
( 09 0 06 0 )
(9 6)
15
69.
3
4
888
5
8
y
5
1
4
10
16
(x, y)
(3, 5)
(1, 1)
(0, 4)
(2, 10)
(4, 16)
8 x
2
(x, y)
3
8 (3)
5.5
(3, 5.5)
1
8 (1)
2
4.5
(1, 4.5)
8 0
2
(0, 4)
8 2
2
(2, 3)
8 4
2
(4, 2)
The solution set is

{(3, 5.5), (1, 4.5), (0, 4), (2, 3), (4, 2)}.
x2
2 2
02
12
22
42
x
2
0
1
2
4
2
36 16
y
4
2
1
0
2
(x, y)
(2, 4)
(0, 2)
(1, 1)
(2, 0)
(4, 2)

the points.
70. 32 (13 ) 32 13
7
46
1
56
x
O
yx2
Chapter 4
(x, y)
(3, 2)
(1, 4)
(0, 5)
(2, 7)
(4, 9)
8 x
2
8 x
2

y
n 1, since
3x 4
3(3) 4
3(1) 4
3(0) 4
3(2) 4
3(4) 4
x
3
1
0
2
4
2y
2
64. 5n 5
3
(1)
5
y
2
4
5
7
9
The solution set is

{(3, 5), (1, 1), (0, 4), (2, 10), (4, 16)}.
x 2y 8
x 2y x 8 x
2y 8 x
19.5
6.2
t 3.15
It will take Adam about 3.15 h, or approximately
3 h 9 min, to finish the marathon.
62. 16 n 16
Additive Identity Property
n 0, since 16 0 16.
63. 3.5 6 n 6
Reflexive Property of Equality
n 3.5, since 3.5 6 3.5 6.
3
x5
3 5
1 5
05
25
45
x
3
1
0
2
4
The solution set is

{(3, 2), (1, 4), (0, 5), (2, 7), (4, 9)}.
The solution set is {(1, 4)}.

61. Let t represent the number of hours it will take
Adam to finish the 26-mile marathon.
(45 min 0.75 h)
6.2
0.75
Practice Quiz 2
166

3x 2y 6
3x 2(0) 6
3x 6
3x
3
3. a2 a1 4 is a formula for a2 in terms of a1.

A formula for a3 in terms of a1 is a a 4
3
1
4 or a3 a1 2(4).
A formula for a4 in terms of a1 is a4 a1 4
4 4 or a4 a1 3(4).
4. Each term can be found by adding the first term
a1 to the product of 4 and 1 less than the position
n of the term in the sequence.
an a1 (n 1)4
3
x2
3x 2y 6
3(0) 2y 6
2y 6
2y
2
5. The 21st term in the sequence is a21. Substitute

n 21 and a1 7 into the equation from Exercise 4.
a a (n 1)4
n
1
2
a
21
a21
a21
a21
y3
them.
7 (21 1)4
7 (20)4
7 80
87
The 21st term in the sequence is 87.
y
3x 2y 6
4-7
O
Page 236
1. Sample answer: If the first term is 2 and the

common difference is 10, add 10 to each term
of the sequence to get the next term of the
sequence.
2
8
18
28

exactly one element of the range, this relation is a
function.
paired with x 2.
8. f(x) 3x 5
9. f(x) 3x 5
f(4) 3(4) 5
f(2a) 3(2a) 5
12 5
6a 5
7
10.
f(x) 3x 5
f(x 2) 3(x 2) 5
3x 6 5
3x 11
Page 232
Arithmetic Sequences

10
10

10
Thus, one possible arithmetic sequence with a

common difference of 10 is 2, 8, 10, 28 .
2. If an 5n 2, then:
a1 5(1) 2
a2 5(2) 2
52
10 2
7
12
a3 5(3) 2
a4 5(4) 2
15 2
20 2
17
22
The first term in the sequence, a1, is 7.
7
12
17
22

5
5
5
The common difference, d, is 5.

3. Marisela is correct. To find the common
difference, subtract the first term from the second
term.
4. 24
16
8
0
1. Step 1: Enter the initial value 7 in cell A1.

Step 2: Highlight the cells in column A. Under
the Edit menu, choose the Fill option
and then Series.
Step 3: Enter 4 as the Step value and 63 as the
Stop value, and click OK.
The spreadsheet column A is filled with the
numbers in the sequence:
7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31, 35, 39, 43, 47, 51, 55,
59, 63.
2. The last number in the sequence is in cell A15, so
there are 15 numbers in the sequence.

8
8
8
This is an arithmetic sequence because the

difference between terms is constant. The
common difference is 8.
5. 3
6
12
24

3
6
12
This is not an arithmetic sequence because the

difference between terms is not constant.
167
Chapter 4
6. 7
14
21
28
12. 6

7
7
7
7
7
7
12
The common difference is 7. Add 7 to the last

term of the sequence and continue adding 7 until
the next three terms are found.
28
35
42
49
24
The first term is 6. The common difference is 6.

Use the formula for the nth term to write an
equation with a1 6 and d 6.
an a1 (n 1)d
an 6 (n 1)6
an 6 6n 6
an 6n

7
7
7
The next three terms are 35, 42, 49.

7. 34
29
24
19
?
?
?

5
5
5
5
5
5

term of the sequence and continue adding 5
until the next three terms are found.
19
14
9
4

5
5
5

8. Use the formula for the nth term of an arithmetic
sequence with a1 3, d 4, and n 8.
an a1 (n 1)d
a8 3 (8 1)4
a8 3 28
a 31
8
6n
an
(n, an)
1
2
3
4
5
6(1)
6(2)
6(3)
6(4)
6(5)
6
12
18
24
30
(1, 6)
(2, 12)
(3, 18)
(4, 24)
(5, 30)
32
28
24
20
16
12
8
4
The 8th term of the arithmetic sequence is 31.

a a (n 1)d
n
1
a21 10 (21 1) (5)
a21 10 (100)
a21 90
an
21
13. 12
1 2 3 4 5 6n
17
22
27

5
5
5

an a1 (n 1)d
a 12 (n 1)5
n
an 12 5n 5
an 5n 7
The 21st term of the arithmetic sequence is 90.

10. 23
25
27
29

2
2
2

Use the formula for the nth term of an arithmetic
an a1 (n 1)d
a12 23 (12 1)2
a 23 22
12
a12 45
5n 7
5(1) 7
5(2) 7
5(3) 7
5(4) 7
5(5) 7
n
1
2
3
4
5

11. 27
19
11 3

8
8
8
32
28
24
20
16
12
8
4

an a1 (n 1)d
a17 27 (17 1)8
a17 27 128
a17 101
21
Chapter 4
18

6
6
6
168
an
O
1 2 3 4 5 6n
an
12
17
22
27
32
(n,
(1,
(2,
(3,
(4,
(5,
an)
12)
17)
22)
27)
32)
23. 66
14. For the first week, Latisha walks 20 min/day, so

a1 20. She must increase each week by
7 min/day, so the common difference, d, is 7.
We are to find the first value of n for which an is
more than 1 h, or 60 min.
20
27
34
41
48
55
62
Practice and Apply

4
78

4
4
4
a1
a2
a3
a4
a5
a6 a7
Since a7 62 is the first time an is more than 60,
Latisha will begin walking over an hour a day
during the seventh week of her exercise program.
15. 7
74

78 82 86 90

7
7
7
7
7
7
Pages 236238
70

4
4
4
4 4 4

24. 31
22 13
4
? ?
?

9
9
9
9 9 9

4 5 14
23

9 9
9

1
1
1

16. 10 12 15 18
25. 23
23
33

1
1
1
1
1
1
3

2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
.
3
The common difference is Add 3 to the last term

1
of the sequence and continue adding 3 until the
next three terms are found.

17. 9 5 1 5
33

4
6
4
33
43

1
1
1
3

18. 15 11 7 3
3
3

26.

4
4
4
7
12
212
26

3
3
3
3
3
3
4

19. 0.3 0.2 0.7 1.2
13
4
4
4
4
4
The common difference is 4. Add 4 to the last term

3

0.5 0.5 0.5
26
312
43
512

3
3
3

common difference is 0.5.
20. 2.1 4.2 8.4 17.6
4
4
4

2.1 4.2 9.2

an a1 (n 1)d
a25 5 (25 1)5
a25 5 120
a25 125

21. 4 7
10 13
?
?
?

3
3
3 3
3
3

13 16 19 22

an a1 (n 1)d
a16 8 (16 1)3
a16 8 45
a16 53

3
3
3

22. 18
24 30 36 ?
?
?

6
6
6 6
6
6

36 42 48 54

6
6
6
169
Chapter 4
35. 0.5

an a1 (n 1)d
a102 52 (102 1)12
a102 52 1212
a102 1264
The 102nd term of the arithmetic sequence is
1264.
an a1 (n 1)d
a200 34 (200 1)15
a200 34 2985
a200 3019
The 200th term of the arithmetic sequence is
3019.
5
1
sequence with a 8, d 8, and n 22.
The first term is 5.3. The common difference is

0.6. Use the formula for the nth term of an
arithmetic sequence with a1 5.3, d 0.6, and
n 12.
an a1 (n 1)d
a12 5.3 (12 1)(0.6)
a12 5.3 6.6
a12 11.9
The 12th term of the arithmetic sequence is 11.9.
37. 24
35
46
57
a22
a22
12
21
8

11 11
11
13
4
1
34

sequence with a1 24 and d 11 to find n when
an 200.
an a1 (n 1)d
200 24 (n 1)11
200 24 11n 11
200 11n 13
200 13 11n 13 13
187 11n
The 22nd term of the arithmetic sequence is 34.

1
1
sequence with a 12, d 24, and n 39.
1
an a1 (n 1)d
1
1
a39 12 (39 1) 24
a
39
1
12
1
852
1 2
a39 87
187
11

33. 9 7 5 3
11n
11
17 n
200 is the 17th term of the arithmetic sequence.
38. 30
22
14
6

2
2 2

an a1 (n 1)d
a18 9 (18 1)2
a18 9 34
a18 25
34. 7 3 1 5

8
8
8

sequence with a1 30 and d 8 to find n when
an 34.
an a1 (n 1)d
34 30 (n 1)(8)
34 30 8n 8
34 38 8n
34 38 38 8n 38
72 8n

4
4 4

an a1 (n 1)d
a35 7 (35 1)4
a35 7 136
a35 129
Chapter 4

0.6 0.6 0.6
1.5
The first term is 0.5. The common difference is 0.5.

sequence with a1 0.5, d 0.5, and n 50.
an a1 (n 1)d
a50 0.5 (50 1)(0.5)
a50 0.5 24.5
a50 25
36. 5.3
5.9
6.5
7.1
an a1 (n 1)d
5
1
a22 8 (22 1) 8
a22 8

0.5 0.5 0.5
72
8
8n
8
9n
34 is the 9th term of the arithmetic sequence.
170
39. 3 6 9 12
41. 2
The first term is 3. The common difference is

3. Use the formula for the nth term to write an
an a1 (n 1)d
an 3 (n 1)(3)
an 3 3n 3
an 3n
n
3n
an
1
2
3
4
5
3(1)
3(2)
3(3)
3(4)
3(5)
3
6
9
12
15
2
2
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
40. 8
10
20

an a1 (n 1)d
an 2 (n 1)6
an 2 6n 6
an 6n 4
(n, an)
(1, 3)
(2, 6)
(3, 9)
(4, 12)
(5, 15)
6n 4
an
(n, an)
1
2
3
4
5
6(1) 4
6(2) 4
6(3) 4
6(4) 4
6(5) 4
2
8
14
20
26
(1, 2)
(2, 8)
(3, 14)
(4, 20)
(5, 26)
an
O
14

6 6
6

3
3 3
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
6n
11

1 1
1

2
n7
an
(n, an)
1
2
3
4
5
17
27
37
47
57
8
9
10
11
12
(1, 8)
(2, 9)
(3, 10)
(4, 11)
(5, 12)
42. 18
16
6n
14
12

2
2
2
an a1 (n 1)d
an 8 (n 1)1
an 8 n 1
an n 7
n
an

an a1 (n 1)d
an 18 (n 1)2
an 18 2n 2
an 2n 20
an
2n 20
an
1
2
3
4
5
2(1) 20
2(2) 20
2(3) 20
2(4) 20
2(5) 20
18
16
14
12
10
(n, an)
(1,
(2,
(3,
(4,
(5,
18)
16)
14)
12)
10)
an
2
6n
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
171
Chapter 4
43. y 4, 6, y, . . . is an arithmetic sequence only if

the difference between the second and first terms
is the same as the difference between the third
and second terms.
a2 a1 a3 a2
6 ( y 4) y 6
6y4y6
2yy6
2yyy6y
2 2y 6
2 6 2y 6 6
8 2y
8
2
47. The number of seats in each row form an

arithmetic sequence. The last three terms in the
sequence are 60, 68, 76. There are seven rows, so
there are seven terms in the sequence. This
means a5 60, a6 68, and a7 76.
60
68
76

8
8
The common difference is 8. Use the formula for

the nth term to write an equation with d 8,
n 7, and an 76 to find a1.
an a1 (n 1)d
76 a1 (7 1)8
76 a1 48
76 48 a1 48 48
28 a1
an a1 (n 1)d
an 28 (n 1)8
an 28 8n 8
an 8n 20
The formula to find the number of seats in any
given row is an 8n 20.
48. Use the formula from Exercise 47 with n 1.
an 8n 20
a1 8(1) 20
a1 8 20
a1 28
There are 28 seats in the first row.
49.
n
8n 20
a
2y
2
4y
The sequence is arithmetic if y 4.
44. y 8, 4y 6, 3y, . . . is an arithmetic sequence
only if the difference between the second and first
terms is the same as the difference between the
third and second terms.
a2 a1 a3 a2
(4y 6) ( y 8) 3y (4y 6)
4y 6 y 8 3y 4y 6
3y 2 y 6
3y 2 y y 6 y
4y 2 6
4y 2 2 6 2
4y 4
4y
4
4
4
y 1
The sequence is arithmetic if y 1.
45. 5 8 11 14
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

3 3
3

Pn a1 (n 1)d
Pn 5 (n 1)3
Pn 5 3n 3
Pn 3n 2
The formula for the perimeter of a pattern
containing n trapezoids is Pn 3n 2.
an 3n 2
a12 3(12) 2
a12 36 2
a12 38
The perimeter of the pattern containing
12 trapezoids is 38 units.
Chapter 4
8(1) 20
8(2) 20
8(3) 20
8(4) 20
8(5) 20
8(6) 20
8(7) 20
28
36
44
52
60
68
76
The total number of seats in the section is:

a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7
28 36 44 52 60 68 76
364
If 368 tickets were sold for the orchestra section
having 364 seats, the section was oversold by
4 seats.
50. 9
13
17
21
25
29

4
4
4
4
4
The distances form an arithmetic sequence

because the difference between terms is constant.
The common difference is 4.
51. The first term is 9. The common difference is 4.
sequence with a1 9 and d 4.
an a1 (n 1)d
an 9 (n 1)4
an 9 4n 4
an 4n 5
172

an 4n 5
a35 4(35) 5
a35 140 5
a35 145
The ball will travel 145 cm during the 35th s.
53.
an
57. Between 29 and 344, the least multiple of 7 is 35

and the greatest multiple of 7 is 343. The common
difference between multiples of 7 is 7. Use the
formula for the nth term of an arithmetic
sequence with a1 35, an 343, and d 7 to
find the value of n.
an a1 (n 1)d
343 35 (n 1)7
343 35 7n 7
343 7n 28
343 28 7n 28 28
315 7n
Distance Traveled (cm)
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
O
315
7
2
4
Time (s)
1500n 1000
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1500(1) 1000
1500(2) 1000
1500(3) 1000
1500(4) 1000
1500(5) 1000
1500(6) 1000
1500(7) 1000
1500(8) 1000
1500(9) 1000
1500(10) 1000
an
2500
4000
5500
7000
8500
10,000
11,500
13,000
14,500
16,000
9
3

2x
3d
3
3d
Use the formula for the nth term with a1 2,
d 3, n 20.
an a1 (n 1)d
a20 2 (20 1)3
a20 2 (19)3
a20 2 57
a20 59
The total won for ten correct answers would be:

a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 a9 a10
2500 4000 5500 7000 8500
10,000 11,500 13,000 14,500 16,000
92,500.
The contestant would win $92,500 for ten correct
answers.
56. 2x 5 4x 5 6x 5 8x 5

2x
7n
7
45 n
There are 45 multiples of 7 between 29 and 344.
58. By finding a pattern in a sequence of numbers,
scientists can predict results of large numbers
that they are not able to observe. Answers should
The formula at 8.2t 1.9 represents the
altitude at of the probe after t seconds.
Replace t with 15 in the equation for at to find
that the altitude of the probe after 15 seconds
is 121.1 feet.
59. C;
Total amount saved amount in savings now
(weekly deposit)(number of weeks)
350 (25)(12)
350 300
650
60. B;
sequence with a1 2, a4 11, and n 4 to find d.
an a1 (n 1)d
11 2 (4 1)d
11 2 3d
11 2 2 3d 2
9 3d
54. Use the formula for the nth term to write an

equation with a1 2500 and d 1500. Then
find a10.
an a1 (n 1)d
an 2500 (n 1)1500
an 2500 1500n 1500
an 1500n 1000
a10 1500(10) 1000
a10 15,000 1000
a10 16,000
The value of the 10th question is $16,000.
55.
Page 238
61. f(x) 3x 2
f(4) 3(4) 2
12 2
10

2x
63.
The expressions form an arithmetic sequence

because the difference between terms is constant.
The common difference is 2x.
173
62. g(x) x2 5
(3)2 5
95
4
f(x) 3x 2
2[f(6)] 2[3(6) 2]
2(18 2)
2(16)
32
Chapter 4
3. Inductive reasoning; you are observing specific

pairs of terms and discovering a common
difference, and you conclude that the common
difference applies to the sequence in general.
4. Deductive reasoning; you are using the general
formula for the nth term and applying it to a
particular term of a particular series.
5a.
37
38
39
31 32 33 34 35 36
3
9 27 81 243 729 2187 6561 19,683
64. Since the term x2 has an exponent of 2, the

on the other side.
y 8 10 x
y 8 x 10 x x
x y 8 10
x y 8 8 10 8
x y 18
2y y 2x 3
2y y y 2x 3 y
y 2x 3
y 2x 2x 3 2x
2x y 3
1( 2x y) 1(3)
2x y 3
5b. The ones digits in the numbers in the second

row of the table are: 3, 9, 7, 1, 3, 9, 7, 1, 3.
5c. The pattern repeats every fourth digit.
Therefore, digits 4, 8, 12, 16, and so on, will all
be the same. According to the pattern, all
powers in the first row of the table with
exponents divisible by 4 have 1 in the ones
place. Since the exponent of 3100 is 100, which is
divisible by 4, the value of 3100 will have a 1 in
the ones place.
Since the answer was obtained by observing a
pattern in order to make a conjecture, the answer
was reached by inductive reasoning.
6. Since the conclusion was based on a given rule, it
was reached by deductive reasoning.
hundred
times
x is
equal to nine.
67. Two
144244
3 minus
123 three
14424
43
14243
123
200
3x
The equation is 200 3x 9.

4-8
Twice
plus
times
s is
identical
to thirteen.
123r 1
23 three
14424
43
14
42443
14243
2r

3s

13
Page 241
73.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
1 21 2
4
7
Point
H
J
K
L
M
N
Page 239
20
56
or
5
14
12
74. 5 32 5 2
x-Coordinate
2
3
4
3
3
5
y-Coordinate
2
0
2
4
5
1
35
2
or 172
Ordered
Pair
(2, 2)
(3, 0)
(4, 2)
(3, 4)
(3, 5)
(5, 1)
Page 243
1. Once you recognize a pattern, you can find a

general rule that can be written as an algebraic
expression.
2. Sample answer: 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, . . . ; each
successive term doubles.
3. Test the values of the domain in the equation. If
the resulting values match the range, the
equation is correct.
Reading Mathematics
1. Sample answer: Inductive reasoning uses

examples or past experience to make conclusions;
deductive reasoning uses rules to make
conclusions. Looking at a pattern of numbers to
decided the next number is an example of
inductive reasoning. Using the formula and the
length and width of a rectangle to find the area of
a rectangle is an example of deductive reasoning.
2. Deductive reasoning; he is applying a general rule
about mens heights to a specific case.
Chapter 4
Algebra Activity
When the string makes 1 loop around the

scissors, you end up with 3 pieces as a result
of the cut.
When the string makes 2 loops around the
scissors, you end up with 4 pieces as a result
of the cut.
1. The number of pieces is 2 more than the number
of loops; 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, .
2. n 2
3. n 2 20 2
22
The equation is 2r 3s 13.

69. 7(3) 21
70. 11 15 165
2
12
71. 8(1.5) 12
72. 6 3 3 or 4
5
8
Writing Equations from Patterns
174
4. The pattern consists of squares with one corner of

each shaded. The corner that is shaded is rotated
in a clockwise direction. The next two figures in
the pattern are shown.
If x 3, then y 2(3) or 6. But

the y value for x 3 is 5. This is a
difference of 1. Try other values in the
domain to see if the same difference
occurs.
Check:
2
4
3

1 2
3
4
The difference between each pair of terms

increases by 1 for each successive pair. Continue
increasing each successive difference by 1. Add
5, 6, and 7.
1 2
4
7 11 16
22
29
9.
Temperature (C)
The next three terms are 16, 22, and 29.

6. 5
9
6
10
7
11

4 3
4
3
4
200
150
100
50
The difference between terms alternates between

4 and 3. Continue the alternating pattern. Add
3, 4, and 3.
5
9
6
10
7
11
8
12
9

4 3
4 3 4
3
4
3
x
y
1
1
1
1
x
1
35x 35
y
55
2
70
90
3
4
5
6
105 140 175 210
125 160 195 230
y is always
20 more
than 35x.
For each pair, the difference in the y values is the

same as the difference in the x values. This
suggests that y x.
Check:
If x 4, then y 4. If x 1, then
y 1. For all values in the domain,
y is always equal to x.
Thus, y x or f(x) x describes this relation.
8. Make a table of ordered pairs for several points
on the graph.
x
y
1
The difference of the values for x is 1, and the

difference of the values for y is 35. This suggests
that y 35x.
Check:
If x 1, then y 35(1) or 35. But the y
value for x 1 is 55. This is a difference
of 20. Try other values in the domain to
see if the same difference occurs.

1
4
2
1
2

35 35 35 35 35
1

4
3
1
3
4
4
3
1
3
4
1
4
6
Depth (km)

10. Depth (km)
1
2
3
4
5
6
Temperature (C) 55 90 125 160 195 230

on the graph.
2
y is always 1
more than 2x.
250

1 2
3
4
5
6
7
4
1
2
3
Check y 2x 1.
If x 2, then y 2(2) 1 or 3.
If x 0, then y 2(0) 1 or 1.
If x 1, then y 2(1) 1 or 3.
Thus, y 2x 1 or f(x) 2x 1 describes this
relation.
The pattern repeats every fourth design.

Therefore, designs 4, 8, 12, 16, and so on, will all
be the same. So the 16th figure in the pattern will
be the same as the fourth square.
5. 1 2
4
7 11
1
0
0
1
3
6
5
x
2x
y
Check y 35x 20.

If x 2, then y 35(2) 20 or 90.
If x 5, then y 35(5) 20 or 195.
Thus, y 35x 20 or f(x) 35x 20 describes
this relation.
11. Use the function from Exercise 10 with x 10.
f(x) 35x 20
f(10) 35(10) 20
f(10) 350 20
f(10) 370
The temperature of a rock that is 10 km below
the surface is 370C.
1

3
2
0
1
5
3
1
3

2
4
2
When the difference of the x values is 1, the

difference of the y values is 2. When the
difference of the x values is 2, the difference of the
y values is 4. The difference in y values is twice
the difference of x values. This suggests that
y 2x.
175
Chapter 4
Pages 244245
16. 1
Practice and Apply
16

3
5
7
12. The pattern consists of triangles that are

alternately inverted (or rotated 180) with every
other pair shaded. The next two figures in the
pattern are shown.

9, 11, and 13.
1
4
9
16
25
36
49

3
5
7
9
11
13

17. 0
2
5
9
14
20

2
3
4
5
6
The pattern repeats every fourth design.

Therefore, designs 4, 8, 12, 16, and so on, will all
be the same. Since the 20th figure will be the
same as the fourth triangle, the 21st figure will
be the same as the first triangle.

7, 8, and 9.
0
2
5
9
14
20
27
35
44

2
3 4
5
6
7
8
9

18. a 1
a2
a3

1
13. The pattern consists of circles with one-eighth

shaded. The section that is shaded is the third
section in a clockwise direction from the
previously-shaded section. The next two figures in
the pattern are shown.

1
The difference between each pair of terms is

always 1. The sequence is arithmetic with a
common difference of 1. Each term is 1 more than
the term before it. Add 1, 1, and 1.
a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6

1

1

1

1

1
The next three terms are a 4, a 5, and a 6.

19. x 1
2x 1
3x 1

x
The pattern repeats every eighth design. Therefore,

designs 8, 16, 24, and so on, will all be the same.
Since 16 is the greatest number less than 21 that is
a multiple of 8, the 17th circle in the pattern will be
the same as the first circle.

always x. The sequence is arithmetic with a
common difference of x. Each term is x more than
the term before it. Add x, x, and x.
x 1 2x 1 3x 1 4x 1 5x 1 6x 1

x
17
14. 0
18
19
12
20

x

x

x

x
The next three terms are 4x 1, 5x 1, and

6x 1.
on the graph.
21
20

2
4
6
8

10, 12, and 14.
0
2
6
12
20
30
42
56
x
y

2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2

2
1
0
1
2
4
2
0
2
4

The difference of the x values is 1, and the

difference of the y values is 2. The difference in
y values is twice the difference of the opposite of
the x values. This suggests y 2x.
Check:
If x 2, then y 2(2) or 4.
Thus, y 2x or f(x) 2x describes the
relation.

15. 9
7
10
8
11
9
12

2
3
2
3
2
3
The difference between terms alternates between

2 and 3. Continue alternating the difference.
Add 2, 3, and 2.
9
7
10
8
11
9
12
10
13
11

2
3 2
3
2
3 2
3
2
Chapter 4

x
176
Check y x 6.
If x 2, then y (2) 6 or 4.
If x 6, then y (6) 6 or 0.
Thus, y x 6 or f(x) 6 x describes this
relation.
on the graph.

on the graph.
2
1
2
1
When the difference of x values is 2, the

difference of the y values is 1. When the
difference of x values is 4, the difference of the
y values is 2. The difference in y values is one-half
1
the difference of x values. This suggests y 2 x.
x
y
If x 4, then y 2(4) 2.
Check:
Thus, y 2x or f(x) 2x describes this relation.

on the graph.
x
y
2
3
1
2
3
1

4
2
1
2
2
0
3
4

2
0
1
3
2
4
x
y
2
2
2
2
2
4
4
2
6
6
0
3
6
y is always 6 more
3
than 2x.
If x 4, then y 2(4) 6 or 0.
3
Thus, y 2x 6 or f(x) 6 2x describes this

relation.
on the graph.
y is always 2
more than x.
x
y
2
2
6
6

0
2 4
12 6 0
For each pair, the difference in the y values is

three times the opposite of the difference of the
x values. This suggests y 3x.
Check:
If x 2, then y 3(2) or 6. But the
y value for x 2 is 6. This is a difference
x
3x
y
0
0
12
2
6
6
4
12
0
y is always 12
more than 3x.
Check y 3x 12.

If x 2, then y 3(2) 12 or 6.
If x 4, then y 3(4) 12 or 0.
Thus, y 3x 12 or f(x) 12 3x describes
this relation.
y is always 6
more than x.
2
2
4
3
2x

0
2
4
6
6
4
2
0

0
0
6
If x 2, then y 2(2) 6 or 3.
For each pair, the difference in the y values is the

opposite of the difference in x values. This
suggests y x.
Check:
If x 2, then y (2) or 2. But the
y value for x 2 is 4. This is a
occurs.
x
x
y
If x 2, then y 2(2) or 3. But the

y value for x 2 is 3. This is a difference
Check y x 2.
If x 4, then y (4) 2 or 2.
If x 1, then y (1) 2 or 3.
Thus, y x 2 or f(x) x 2 describes this
relation.
on the graph.
2
3
Check y 2x 6.
4
2
3
Check:
For each pair, the difference in y values is the

same as the difference in the x values. This
suggests y x.
Check:
If x 4, then y 4. But the y value
for x 4 is 2. This is a difference of
2. Try other values in the domain to
x
y
2

3
the y values is 2 times the opposite of the
3
difference in the x values. This suggests y 2x.
If x 2, then y 2(2) 1.
1
2

0
2
4
6
3
0

4
x
y
2

4
2
2
4
2
1
1
2

177
Chapter 4
1
26. The pattern (3 red, 3 blue, 3 green) repeats every

ninth chain. Therefore, chains 9, 18, 27, and so
on, will all be the same. Since 45 is the greatest
number less than 50 that is a multiple of 9, the
46th chain will be the same as the first chain.
red
red
red
blue
blue
46
47
48
49
50
The 50th person will receive a blue flower chain.
27. 1
1
211
321
532
853
13 8 5
21 13 8
34 21 13
55 34 21
89 55 34
144 89 55
28. 3, 21, 144; every fourth term is divisible by 3.
5, 55; every fifth term is divisible by 5.
10
29.
a
p
10
10
10
10
9
9
9
9
9
32. n
f(n)
3
50
45
148
60
54
139
70
63
130
1
3
5
2
6
8
3
9
11
4
12
14
f(n) is always 2
more than 3n.
Check f(n) 3n 2.
If n 1, then f(1) 3(1) 2 or 5.
If n 4, then f(4) 3(4) 2 or 14.
Thus, f(n) 3n 2 represents this function.
33. Use the function from Exercise 32 with n 24.
f(n) 3n 2.
f(24) 3(24) 2
f(24) 72 2
f(24) 74
The perimeter of the arrangement if 24 pentagons
are used is 74 cm.
34. In scientific experiments you try to find a
relationship or develop a formula from observing
the results of your experiment. Answers should
For every 11 cubic feet the volume of water
increases, the volume of ice increases 12 cubic
feet.
The container should have a volume of at least
108 cubic feet.
35. B;
3 4
6
9

1
2
3
p is always 193 more than 0.9a.

Check p 0.9a 193.
If a 30, then p 0.9 (30) 193 or 166.
If a 50, then p 0.9(50) 193 or 148.
Thus, p 0.9a 193 or f(a) 0.9a 193
describes this relation.
30. Use the function from Exercise 29 with a 10,
then with a 80.
f(a) 0.9a 193
f(a) 0.9a 193
f(10) 0.9(10) 193
f(80) 0.9(80) 193
f(10) 9 193
f(80) 72 193
f(10) 184
f(80) 121
A 10-year old should maintain a maximum heart
rate of 184 beats/min and an 80-year old should
maintain a maximum heart rate of 121 beats/min
in aerobic training.
31. Number of Pentagons
1 2 3 4

4 and 5.
3 4
6
9
13
18

1
2
3 4
5
The next two terms are 13 and 18.

36. D;
Let n represent the number of pieces given to
each child. Then 5n represents the total number
of pieces given to 5 children. Since there were
4 pieces remaining, there were originally 5n 4
pieces. Thus, P 5n 4.
If you then had P 4 pieces to distribute and gave
n pieces to each of the 5 children, you would have 4
more pieces left than you had previously, or 8 pieces
remaining. However, that would mean you would
have enough pieces to give each child 1 additional
piece, leaving 3 pieces of candy remaining.
Perimeter of Arrangement (cm) 5 8 11 14
Chapter 4
3
n
3n
f(n)
40
36
157
3
For each pair, the difference in f(n) values is three

times the difference in the n values. This suggests
f(n) 3n.
Check:
If n 2, then f(n) 3(2) or 6. But the
f(n) value for n 2 is 8. This is a
occurs.
The difference of the a values is 10, and the

difference of the p values is 9. The difference in
9
the p values is 10 of the opposite of the x values.
This suggests p 0.9a.
Check:
If a 20, then p 0.9(20) or 18.
But the y value for a 20 is 175. This
is a difference of 193. Try other values
in the domain to see if the same
difference occurs.
30
27
166
1

20
30
40
50
60
70
175
166
157
148
139
130

a
20
0.9a 18
p
175
1

1
2
3
4
5
8
11
14
178
Page 245
37. 1
7.
8.
9.
10.

4
10

3
3
3
3
3
3

10
13
16
19
Pages 246250

3
3
3
11. A(4, 2)
12. B(1, 3)
Move left 1 unit and up 3 units.
13. C(0, 5)
y-axis.
Move down 5 units.
14. D(3, 2)
15. E(4, 0)
Move left 4 units.
x-axis.
16. F(2, 1)
1116.
y

38. 9
5
1
3
?
?
?

4
4
4
4 4
4

3 7 11 15

4
4
4

39. 25
19
13
7
?
?
?

6
6
6
6
6
6

7
1
5
11

6
6
6

40. 22
34
46
58
?
?
?

12
12
12
12 12 12

58
70
82
94

12
12
12

41. The vertical line x 2 intersects the graph at
two points, (2, 2) and (2, 3). Thus, the
relation graphed does not represent a function.
42. Let T the height of Tulega Falls.
The height of
the height of
Angel
Falls
is 102
ft higher
than
Tulega
Falls.
14424
43 {
123 1
4424
43 14
424
43
3212
102

3212 102 T
3212 102 102 T 102
3110 T
Tulega Falls is 3110 ft high.
c; linear function
a; domain
b; dilation
i; y-axis
B (1, 3)
A (4, 2)
E (4, 0)
x
F ( 2,1)
D (3, 2)
Page 246
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
C (0, 5)
e; origin
g; relation
d; reflection
h; x-axis
k; y-coordinate
f; quadrants
179
Chapter 4

(x, y) S (x, y)
A(3, 3) S A(3, 3)
B(5, 4) S B(5, 4)
C(4, 3) S C(4, 3)
y
20. To rotate the trapezoid 90 counterclockwise about

the origin, switch the coordinates of each vertex
and then multiply the new first coordinate by 1.
(x, y) S (y, x)
M(2, 0) S M(0, 2)
N(4, 3) S N(3, 4)
O(6, 3) S O(3, 6)
P(8, 0) S P(0, 8)
P
O
A C
N
B
18. To translate the quadrilateral 3 units down, add

3 to the y-coordinate of each vertex.
(x, y) S (x, y 3)
P(2, 4) S P(2, 4 3) S P(2, 1)
Q(0, 6) S Q(0, 6 3) S Q(0, 3)
R(3, 3) S R(3, 3 3) S R(3, 0)
S(1, 4) S S(1, 4 3) S S(1, 7)
21.
Q y
x
2
3
3
4
y
6
2
0
6
2
3
4
2
0
6
P
R
Q
P
R
x
The domain of this relation is {2, 3, 4}. The

range is {2, 0, 6}.
S
22.
S
1
19. To dilate the parallelogram by a scale factor of 2,

1
112 x, 12 y2
1
1
G(2, 2) S G 1 2 2, 2 2 2 S G(1, 1)
1
1
H(6, 0) S H 1 2 6, 2 0 2 S H(3, 0)
1
1
I(6, 2) S I 1 2 6, 2 2 2 S I(3, 1)
1
1
J(2, 4) S J 1 2 2, 2 4 2 S J(1, 2)
x
1
3
6
y
0
0
2
(x, y) S
O
1
3
6
G
O
Chapter 4
G
H

range is {0, 2}.
H
x
180
23.
x
3
9
3
5
y
8
3
8
3
26.
12
3
3
5
9
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
x9
4 9
2 9
09
29
49
x
4
2
0
2
4
4
2
y
13
11
9
7
5
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
4x
4x 5
4(4) 5
4(2) 5
4(0) 5
4(2) 5
4(4) 5
x
4
2
0
2
4
y
11
3
5
13
21
(x, y)
(4, 11)
(2, 3)
(0, 5)
(2, 13)
(4, 21)

{(4, 11), (2, 3), (0, 5), (2, 13), (4, 21)}.
(x, y)
(4, 13)
(2, 11)
(0, 9)
(2, 7)
(4, 5)
21
18
15
12
9
6
3
4321
y
O

4x y 5
4x y 4x 5 4x
y 5 4x
1(y) 1(5 4x)
y 4x 5

{(4, 13), (2, 11), (0, 9), (2, 7), (4, 5)}.
2
2
4
y
5
1
2
3
O
25.
4
4
x
2
3
4
2
(x, y)
(4, 12)
(2, 8)
(0, 4)
(2, 0)
(4, 4)
The domain of this relation is {3, 3, 5, 9}. The

range is {3, 8}.
24.
y
12
8
4
0
4

{(4, 12), (2, 8), (0, 4), (2, 0), (4, 4)}.
4 2x
4 2(4)
4 2(2)
4 2(0)
4 2(2)
4 2(4)
x
4
2
0
2
4
O
1 2 3 4x
6
9
12
4x
181
Chapter 4

2x y 8
2x y 2x 8 2x
y 8 2x
x
4
2
0
2
4
8 2x
(x, y)
8 2(4)
8 2(2)
8 2(0)
8 2(2)
8 2(4)
16
12
8
4
0
(4, 16)
(2, 12)
(0, 8)
(2, 4)
(4, 0)

4x 3y 0
4x 3y 4x 0 4x
3y 4x
3y
3
y
4
1
53
2
4(2)
3
23
0
4(0)
3
4(2)
3
2
23
4(4)
3
53
12
51
2
8
6
4
2
4x

3x 2y 9
3x 2y 3x 9 3x
2y 9 3x
2y
2
y
4
4
9 3(4)
2
1
102
2
9 3(2)
2
72
9 3(0)
2
42
9 3(2)
2
12
9 3(4)
2
12
(x, y)
1
1
1
1
14, 1012 2
12, 712 2
10, 412 2
12, 112 2
14, 112 2
514, 1012 2, 12, 712 2, 10, 412 2, 12, 112 214, 112 26.
2
21
12, 223 2
14, 513 2
26
4x
y x 2
12
10
8
6
4
2
Chapter 4
(0, 0)

y x 2
0 x 2
0 x x 2 x
x2
y x 2
y (0) 2
y2
them.
2
4
6
8
9 3x
2
9 3x
2
9 3x
2
4
14, 513 2
12,223 2

1
2
2
1
4, 53 , 2, 23 , (0, 0), 2, 23 , 4, 53 .
4
4
21
(x, y)
4(4)
3
4x
3
4x
3
4x
3

{(4, 16), (2, 12), (0, 8), (2, 4), (4, 0)}.
16
182

5x 2y 10
5x 2(0) 10
5x 10

x 5y 4
x 5(0) 4
x4
x 5y 4
0 5y 4
5y 4
5y
5
5x
5
4
4
1 42
2y
2

them.
10
2
y5
them.
x 5y 4
5x 2y 10
10
5
x2
To find the y-intercept, let x 0
5x 2y 10
5(0) 2y 10
2y 10
5
y5

2x 3y 6
2x 3(0) 6
2x 6
2x
2

1
x
2
6
2
1
x
2
x3
2x 3y 6
2(0) 3y 6
3y 6
3y
3
3(0) 3
1
x
2
1
x
2
3
1 2 2(3)
x6
3
y 2
them.
1
x
2
3y 3
1
(0)
2
3y 3
3y 3
1
y
3
1
y
3
3
1 2 3(3)
y9
them.
x
y
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
2x 3y 6
2
2
183
1
x 1y 3
2
3
O
2 4 6 8 10 12 14x
Chapter 4

1
y3
1
03
1
3
1
2
3 3

1
3(1)
1
x
3
1
x
3
1
x
3
1
x
3
1
x
3
1
3 3x
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
1
3
1
3
2
3
2
3
g(x) x2 x 1
g(2a) (2a) 2 (2a) 1
4a2 2a 1
46. 9
18
27
36
?
2
2

9
9
9

47. 6
11
16
21
?
?

21
26
31
36
y 3 3x 3
1
3
2
1

5
5
5
1x
1

48. 10
21
32
43
?
?

43
54
65
76

11
11
11

49. 14
12
10
8
?
?

2
2
2
2
2
2
40. g(x) x x 1
g(2) 22 2 1
421
21
3

2
2
2

50. 3
11
19
27
?

8
112 2 112 22 112 2 1

8
421

Chapter 4
1
4
3
4

8

8
8
8
8

27
35
43
51
42. g(x) x2 x 1
1

8
6
4
2
g(x) x2 x 1
g(1) (1) 2 (1) 1
111
21
3
g

11
11
11
11
11
11

element of the domain, there is only one
function.
41.

5
5
5
5
5
5
2 2

36
45
54
63
3

9
9
9
9
9
9
y1
them.
g(a) x2 x 1
g(a 1) (a 1) 2 (a 1) 1
(a2 2a 1) (a 1) 1
a2 2a 1 a 1 1
a2 a 1
45.
y 3 3(0) 3
y
44.
1 2
y 3 3x 3
1
3
g(x) x2 x 1
g(5) 3 (52 5 1) 3
(25 5 1) 3
(20 1) 3
21 3
18
3
3 x
y
43.
1

8

8
184
51. 35
29
23
17

6
6
6
6
6
6
Move down 5 units.

M(3, 5)
Draw a dot and label it M.
N(2, 3)
Draw a dot and label it N.

17
11
5
1

6
6
6

on the graph.
1
x
y
2
1
1

2
1
1
2
3
6
3
3
6
9

3
6
3
3
The difference in y values is three times the

difference of x values. This suggests that y 3x.
Check:
Thus, y 3x or f(x) 3x describes the relation.
on the graph.
1
1

x
y
2
1
1

1
0

1
1

0
1
1
1
2
1

1
5. Since both coordinates are positive, P(25, 1) lies

in quadrant I.
6. To reflect the parallelogram over the y-axis,
multiply the x-coordinate of each vertex by 1.
(x, y) S (x, y)
H(2, 2) S H(2, 2)
I(4, 6) S I(4, 6)
J(5, 5) S J(5, 5)
K(3, 1) S K(3, 1)
3
4

1
The difference in y values is the opposite of the

difference of x values. This suggests that y x.
Check:
If x 2, then y (2) 2. But
occurs.
2
2
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
4
K x
H
J
J
x
x
y

2
3
(3, 5)
(0, 5)
1
O
(2, 3)
y is always 1 less than x.
7. To translate the parallelogram up 2 units, add

2 to the y-coordinate of each vertex.
(x, y) S (x, y 2)
H(2, 2) S H(2, 2 2) S H(2, 0)
I(4, 6) S I(4, 6 2) S I(4, 4)
J(5, 5) S J(5, 5 2) S J(5, 3)
K(3, 1) S K(3, 1 2) S K(3, 1)
Check y x 1.
If x 1, then y (1) 1 or 0.
If x 2, then y (2) 1 or 3.
Thus, y x 1 or f(x) x 1 describes this
relation.
K
H
K
Page 251
1.
2.
3.
4.
b; rotation
c; translation
a; reflection
K(0, 5)
y-axis.
I
I
8. relation: {(0, 1), (2, 4), (4, 5), (6, 10)}

inverse: {(1, 0), (4, 2), (5, 4), (10, 6)}
9. relation: {(1, 2), (2, 2), (3, 2)}
inverse: {(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3)}
185
Chapter 4
10. relation: {(1, 1), (0, 3), (1, 0), (4, 2)}
inverse: {(1, 1), (3, 0), (0, 1), (2, 4)}
11.
x
4x 10
y
(x, y)
2
4(2) 10
18
(2, 18)
1
4(1) 10
14
(1, 14)
0
4(0) 10
10
(0, 10)
2
4(2) 10
2
(2, 2)
4
4(4) 10
6
(4,6)

1
x
2
1
x
2
2
y
2
Chapter 4
2
4
6
8
8
10
12
14
16
5
(x, y)
(2, 6)
6
1
1
(1)
2
5
52
1
(0)
2
5
5
1
(2)
2
5
4
(2, 4)
1
(4)
2
5
3
(4, 3)
y
16
13
10
4
2
11, 512 2
(0, 5)

yx2
0x2
02x22
2 x
yx2
y02
y2
them.
(x, y)
(2, 16)
(1, 13)
(0, 10)
(2, 4)
(4, 2)
y
O
5
5

{(2, 16), (1, 13), (0, 10), (2, 4), (4, 2)}.
4
1
(2)
2

3x y 10
3x y 3x 10 3x
y 10 3x
1(y) 1(10 3x)
y 3x 10

1
{(2, 6), 1, 52 , (0, 5), (2, 4), (4, 3)}.
4x
3x 10
3(2) 10
3(1) 10
3(0) 10
3(2) 10
3(4) 10
2
4
x
2
1
0
2
4
1
x
2
1
x
2
1(y) 1 5 2x
12
10
8
6
4
2
4
y 2x 5 2x
y 5 2x

{(2, 18), (1, 14), (0, 10), (2, 2), (4, 6)}.
18
16
y5
4x
y
yx2
186

x 2y 1
x 2(0) 1
x 1
x 2y 1
0 2y 1
2y 1
2y
2
y
1
2
1
2

y

them.
g(x) x2 4x 1
20.
g(2) (2) 2 4(2) 1

4 4(2) 1
4 (8) 1
481
12 1
13
21. f(x) 2x 5
x
x 2y 1
112 2 2112 2 5
1 5
4
g(x) x2 4x 1
g(3a) 1 [ (3a) 2 4(3a) 1] 1
[9a2 4(3a) 1] 1
(9a2 12a 1) 1
9a2 12a 2
23.
f(x) 2x 5
f(x 2) 2(x 2) 5
2x 4 5
2x 1
24. 16
24
32
40
22.

3x 5 y
3x 5 0
3x 5
3x
3
3
5
x 3

3x 5 y
3(0) 5 y
05y
0y 5yy
y5
them.

8
8
8

25. 99
87
76
65

12
11
11

26. 5
17
29
41

12
12
12

27. 5 10
15
20
25
3x 5 y

15
25
35
45

alternates in sign and the absolute value of each
difference is increased by 10 for each successive
pair. Continue the pattern. Add 55, 65, and 75.
5 10
15
20
25
30
35
40

function.
18. The relation is not a function. The element 3 in
the domain is paired with both 1 and 2 in the
range.

15
25
35
45
55
65
75
187
Chapter 4
11
3. B;
Let x represent the number of students who eat
five servings.
15

0
1
2
3
4

5, 6, and 7.
5
5
6
8
11
15
20
26
33
2
5
5(x) 2(470)
5x 940

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
5x
5
1a 2 c, b 2 d 2 11 2(5) , 4 2 4 2
4 8
1 2 , 22
(2, 4)
The center of the circle is at (2, 4).
6. B;
The relation would not be a function if an element
in the domain were paired with more than one
element in the range. This would occur for x 2
or x 7.
7. D;
1. B;
Use the percent proportion. You know the percent,
2, and the base, 315. Let a represent the part.
p
100
2
100
x
4
100(a) 315(2)
100a 630
630
100
1
1
p
p
100
50,800
2183
p 23.3
About 23% of the total distance remained.
Chapter 4
True or False?
true
y
3
1
?
3
2
For this relation to be linear, the differences of

the y values must be the same when the
differences of the x values are the same.
Therefore, the difference between 1 and ? must
be 2, and the difference between ? and 3 must
also be 2. Thus, the missing value must be 1.
100
x
1
2
3
4
1
2183( p) 508(100)
2183p 50,800
2183p
2183
3x 4y 12
3(4) 4(0) 12
12 12
y
0
8. C;
a 6.3
There will be about 6 new students, so a total of
315 6, or 321, students will attend next year.
2. C;
The total distance to be traveled is 1675 508, or
2183, mi. Use the percent proportion. You know
the part, 508, and the base, 2183. Let p represent
the percent.
a
b
508
2183
3
x2
5. B;
The center is the midpoint of (1, 4) and (5, 4).
Let (a, b) (1, 4) and (c, d) (5, 4). The
midpoint is
Pages 252253
940
5
3x
3
100a
100
x 188
You can expect 188 students to eat five servings of
fruits and vegetables daily.
4. B;
13x 2(5x 3)
13x 10x 6
13x 10x 10x 6 10x
3x 6

29.
K C 273
K 273 C 273 273
K 273 C
Since this equation is solved for C in terms of K,
K is the independent variable and C is the
dependent variable.
For five values of K and corresponding values of
C, see students work.
30. D;
f(x) 3x 2
f(8) f(5) [3(8) 2 ] [3(5) 2]
(24 2) (15 2)
22 (17)
22 17
39
a
b
a
315
470

28. 5
188
14. original: $160

new: $120
160 120 40
3
3
2
x
2
1
4
6
y
5
2
1
3

9. C;
3
40
160
3
160(r) 40(100)
160r 4000
2
160r
160
The difference in y values is the opposite of the

difference in x values. This suggests y x.
Check: If x 2, then y (2) 2. But the y
of 3. Try other values in the domain to see
if the same difference occurs.
2
2
5
1
1
2
4
4
1
6
6
3
x
x
y
15
4
V
/h
V
/h
y is always 3
more than x.
/wh
/h
w
1800
(20) (6)
1800
120
w
w
15 w
The pool is 15 ft wide.
16. 1 triangle
2 triangles
3 toothpicks
5 toothpicks
w
4000
160
Substitute V 1800, h 6, and / 20.
4(6) 15(w)
24 15w
24
15
8
5
r 25
There was a 25% decrease in price.
15. Since the unknown quantity is width, solve the
formula for w.
V /wh
Check y x 3.
If x 1, then y (1) 3 2.
If x 6, then y (6) 3 3.
Thus, y x 3 describes this relation.
10.
100

2
15w
15
The number of toothpicks form an arithmetic

sequence since the number added each time is
constant. The first term is 3. The common
difference is 2. Use the formula for the nth term
to write an equation with a1 3 and d 2.
an a1 (n 1)d
an 3 (n 1)2
an 3 2n 2
an 2n 1
w
8
So, the width is 5, or 1.6, cm.

25
11. P(winning a television) 2000

0.0125
The probability of winning is 0.0125, or 1.25%.
12. Let n the first integer.
Then n 3 the second integer, and
2n 1 the third integer.
n (n 3) (2n 1) 52
4n 4 52
4n 4 4 52 4
4n 48
4n
4
To find the number of toothpicks used to make

7 triangles, find a7.
a7 2(7) 1
a7 14 1
a7 15
So, 15 toothpicks will be used to make 7 triangles.
17. C;
48
4
n 12
n 3 12 3 or 15
2n 1 2(12) 1 or 25
The integers are 12, 15, and 25.
13. 5(x 2) 3(x 4) 10
5x 10 3x 12 10
2x 22 10
2x 22 22 10 22
2x 32
2x
2

2
3 triangles
7 toothpicks
42 16(2 5) 3
42 16(7) 3
16 16(7) 3
1(7) 3
73
21
32
2
60 23 3 6
3
4 62
60 8 3 6
64 62
60 24 6

2
36 6
2
42
2
21
x 16
The two quantities are equal.
189
Chapter 4
18. B;
123 21158 2119 2

30 1
1 24 21 9 2
5 1
1 4 21 9 2
If the width must be a whole number, the

domain of w is {1, 2, 3, . . . . , 24}. For each of
these widths, determine the area of the garden.
21
w (ft)
24 w
(ft)
24 1
23
23
24 2
22
44
24 3
21
63
24 4
20
80
24 5
19
95
24 6
18
108
24 7
17
119
24 8
16
128
135
56
36
5
134 21141 2
21 1
1 4 21 14 2
8
10
27
Since 36 72 and 8 72, the quantity in

Column B is greater.
19. B;
6x 15 3x 75
6x 15 3x 3x 75 3x
9x 15 75
9x 15 15 75 15
9x 90
9x
9
90
9
x 10
3y 32 7y 74
3y 32 3y 7y 74 3y
32 4y 74
32 74 4y 74 74
42 4y
42
4
4y
4
10.5 y
The quantity in Column B is greater.
20. A;
f(x) 37 10x
f(10) 37 10(10)
37 100
63
g(x) 9x 7
g(15) 9(15) 7
135 7
142
The quantity in Column A is greater.
21a. P 2/ 2w
Since the perimeter is 48 ft, 2/ 2w 48.
21b. A /w
Use the formula from part a to solve for one
variable in terms of the other.
2/ 2w 48
2(/ w) 48
2(/ w)
2
24 9
15
10
24 10
14
140
11
24 11
13
143
12
24 12
12
144
13
24 13
11
143
14
24 14
10
140
15
24 15
135
16
24 16
128
17
24 17
119
18
24 18
108
19
24 19
95
20
24 20
80
21
24 21
63
22
24 22
44
23
24 23
23
24
24 24
The greatest possible area is 144 ft2.
48
2
/ w 24
/ w w 24 w
/ 24 w
Chapter 4
A w (ft2)
190
GREATEST
Chapter 5
Page 255
1.
3.
5.
7.
Analyzing Linear Equations

2.
10.
a b
c d
a b
c d
y2 y1
8 4
8
12
12 4
mx
3
4.
6.
8.
3
9.
6. Let (0, 0) (x1, y1) and (5, 4) (x2, y2).
Getting Started
2 2
10 2
1
5
2
2 2
8 2
8
1
4
5
5 5
15 5
15
1
3
9
9 3
33
3
3
1
2
10
4 4
84
1
2
7 7
7
28 7
28
1
4
18 6
18
12 6
12
3
2
1
12
4
8
7. Let (2, 2) (x1, y1) and (1, 2) (x2, y2).

y2 y1
mx

y2 y1
mx
6 5

5
2
5
2
6
3

(12
(12
1
1
11.
a b
c d

2 1
4 0
3
4
3
4
a b
c d

8 (22
1 1
8 2
2
10
2
13.
a b
c d

5
14.
a b
c d
1
2
y2 y1
mx
3 (32
4 7
3 3
3
0
3
x1
5 5
2 3
0
5
0
10. Let (1, 3) (x1, y1) and (1, 0) (x2, y2).
y2 y1
mx
0
x1
0 3
(12
3
0
1
3
2
79
1
2
Since division by zero is undefined, the slope is

undefined.
11. Let (6, 2) (x1, y1) and (r, 6) (x2, y2).
1
2
1
2
y2 y1
16. (3, 2)

19. (2, 2)
15. (1, 2)
18. (0, 3)
x1
1 (42
9 7
3
2
9. Let (3, 5) (x1, y1) and (2, 5) (x2, y2).
2
12.
x1
2 2
1 (22
4
1
4
8. Let (7,4) (x1, y1) and (9, 1) (x2, y2).
84
1
4
x1
4 0
5 0
4
5
mx
17. (2, 3)

20. (3, 0)
4
4
4(r 62 4
4r 24 4
4r 24 24 4 24
4r 20
Slope
5-1
Pages 259260
4r
4
1. Sample answer: Use (1,3) as (x1, y1) and

(3,5) as (x2, y2) in the slope formula.
3. The difference in the x values is always 0, and
division by 0 is undefined.
4. Carlos; Allison switched the order of the
x-coordinates, resulting in an incorrect sign.
5. Let (1, 1) (x1, y1) and (3, 4) (x2, y2).
2

20
4
r5
12. Let (9, r) (x1, y1) and (6, 3) (x2, y2).
y2 y1
mx
1
3
1
3

x1
3 r
6 9
3 r
3
1(32 3(3 r2
3 9 3r
3 9 9 3r 9
6 3r
y2 y1
mx
x1
6 (22
r 6
4
r 6
x1
4 1
3 1
3
2
6
3
3r
3
2r
191
Chapter 5
22. Let (3, 6) (x1, y1) and (2, 4) (x2, y2).
13. Use the formula for slope.

rise
run
y2 y1
change in quantity
change in time
55 52
1992 1990
3
or 1.5
2

mx

Over this 2-year period, the number of

subscribers increased by 3 million, for a rate of
change of 1.5 million per year.
14. Sample answer: 9294; steeper segment means
greater rate of change.
Pages 260262
23. Let (3, 4) (x1, y1) and (5, 1) (x2, y2).
y2 y1
mx
Practice and Apply
15. Let (2, 4) (x1, y1) and (2, 1) (x2, y2).
2

y2 y1
x1
mx
1 (4)
2 (2)
3
4

16. Let (0, 3) (x1, y1) and (3, 2) (x2, y2).

y2 y1
mx
x1
y2 y1
mx
1
3
1
3

undefined.
26. Let (2, 6) (x1, y1) and (1, 3) (x2, y2).
y2 y1
2

x1
3 (12
3 (42
2
1
y2 y1
mx
2
18. Let (3, 3) (x1, y1) and (1, 3) (x2, y2).
y2 y1
mx

y2 y1
mx
0
19. Let (2, 1) (x1, y1) and (2, 3) (x2, y2).
y2 y1
2

y2 y1
mx

y2 y1
x1
29. Let (8, 3) (x1, y1) and (6, 2) (x2, y2).
7 3
92
y2 y1
mx
4
7
21. Let (5, 7) (x1, y1) and (2, 3) (x2, y2).
y2 y1
mx
x1
3 7
2 5

10
7
10
7
Chapter 5
x1
6 9
(32
3
4
3
4
7

undefined.
20. Let (2, 3) (x1, y1) and (9, 7) (x2, y2).
2
x1
3 3
8 (22
0
10
0
28. Let (3, 9) (x1, y1) and (7, 6) (x2, y2).
x1
3 1
2 (22
2
0
mx
x1
3 6
1 2
3
3
1
27. Let (2, 3) (x1, y1) and (8, 3) (x2, y2).
x1
3 3
1 (32
0
4
mx
x1
1 4
(52
5
0
5
17. Let (4, 1) (x1, y1) and (3, 3) (x2, y2).
mx
x1
3 (1)
5 2
2
3
2
3
25. Let (5, 4) (x1, y1) and (5, 1) (x2, y2).
2 3
30
x1
1 (4)
5 (3)
3
8
24. Let (2, 1) (x1, y1) and (5, 3) (x2, y2).
y2 y1
mx
x1
4 6
2 (32
2
5
2
5
192
x1
2 3
6 (82
1
2
1
2
30. Let (2, 0) (x1, y1) and (1, 1) (x2, y2).
37. Let (0, 0) (x1, y1) and (r, s) (x2, y2).
y2 y1
mx

y2 y1
mx
x1

y2 y1
x1
2 (12
5.3 4.5

3
0.8
15
4
39.
rise
run
40.
rise
run

x1
1 1
0.75 0.75
2
0
33. Let 22,12 (x , y ) and 2,

1 1
y2 y1
mx
1
2
x1
12
1
2 22
1
2
2 (x2,
y2 ).
y2 y 1
mx
1
(x1, y1 ) and
1
2,
1 (x2, y2 ).
x1
y2 y 1
1 14
1
mx
2 4
8
4
8
4
35. Sample answer: The rise in the picture is about

16 mm, and the run is about 22 mm.

rise
run
16
22
8
11
y2 y 1
mx
4
3
4
3
36. Sample answer: The rise in the picture is about

10 mm, and the run is about 30 mm.
slope

x1
r (52
3 4
r 5
1
8(12 r 5
8 r 5
8 5 r 5 5.
13 r
43. Let (5, r) (x1, y1) and (2, 3) (x2, y2).
5
slope
x1
r 2
9 6
r 2
3
1(32 r 2
3 r 2
3 2 r 2 2
1 r
42. Let (4, 5) (x1, y1) and (3, r) (x2, y2).
change in quantity
change in time
5.15 4.25
1997 1991
0.9
6
1
2
3
3
1
Let 4, 14
y2 y1
2
16
4
0.15
Over this 6-year period, the minimum wage
increased by $0.90, for a rate of change of $0.15
per year.
41. Let (6, 2) (x1, y1) and (9, r) (x2, y2).
mx
3
34.

undefined.
b b
a a
2b
0
4
y2 y1
2
0

undefined.
32. Let (0.75, 1) (x1, y1) and (0.75, 1) (x2, y2).
mx
s 0
r 0
s
if r
r
38. Let (a, b) (x1, y1) and (a, b) (x2, y2).

y2 y1
mx x
31. Let (4.5, 1) (x1, y1) and (5.3, 2) (x2, y2).
mx
x1
1 0
1 (22
1
3
1
3

x1
3 r
2 5
3 r
3
4(32 3(3 r2
12 9 3r
12 9 9 3r 9
3 3r
rise
run
10
30
1
3
3
3
3r
3
1r
193
Chapter 5
48. Let (r, 5) (x1, y1) and (2, r) (x2, y2).
44. Let (2, 7) (x1, y1) and (r, 3) (x2, y2).

y2 y1
mx
4
3
4
3

y2 y1
mx
x1
3 7
r (22
4
r 2
2
9
212 r2 91r 52
4 2r 9r 45
4 2r 9r 9r 45 9r
4 7r 45
4 7r 4 45 4
7r 49
4(r 22 3(42
4r 8 12
4r 8 8 12 8
4r 20
4r
4
45. Let
20
4
7r
7
r 5
1
,
2
1
4
2 (x1, y1) and 1r, 54 2 (x2, y2).

y2 y1
x1
5
1
4 (4 2
1
r2
2
r
4(r 2 2 1
1
2
4r 2 1
4r 2 2 1 2
4r 1
4r
4
1 r2 (x1, y1) and 11, 2 (x2, y2).

y2 y1
x1
1
2
r
1
2
1
2
r
113 2 21
1
3
1
3
13
1
2
1
3
1
2
r
1 2r
54.
1 1 2r 1
2
3
2
3
2
1
3
r
47. Let (4, r) (x1, y1) and (r, 2) (x2, y2).

y2 y1
2
5
3
x1
2 r
r 4
5(r 4) 3(2 r)
5r 20 6 3r
5r 20 3r 6 3r 3r
2r 20 6
2r 20 20 6 20
2r 14
2r
2
14
2
r7
Chapter 5
change in enrollment
change in time
11.3 12.4
1990 1985
1.1
5
0.22
Between 1985 and 1990, the rate of change was
0.22 million students per year.
55. The negative slope represents a decline in
enrollment.
2r
2
mx
12 14 16 18 20
Age (years)
2r
60
51. Karen grew the fastest in the two-year period

from age 12 to age 14. The line segment
representing this two-year period is the steepest
part of the graph.
52. There was no change in height in that two-year
period.
53. The steepest segment is between 90 and 95.
Thus, the rate of change was the greatest during
this five-year period.
The least steep segment is between 80 and 85.
Thus, the rate of change was the least during this
five-year period.
1
2
mx
62
r4
46. Let
66
64
58
4
2
,
3
49
7
68
1
Height (in.)
4
r7
49. (4, 5) is in Quadrant III and (4, 5) is in
Quadrant I. The segment connecting them goes
from lower left to upper right, which is a positive
slope.
50.
Karens Height
mx
4
x1
r 5
2 r
194
Let (2, 2) (x1, y1) and (1, 1) (x2, y2).
57. In the picture, the stairs rise 7 in. for each 11 in.
of run.
slope
y2 y1
mx
rise
run
7
11

Use the formula for slope with slope 11, rise

8 feet 9 inches or 105 in. and run r.
Let (4, 0) (x1, y1) and (2, 2) (x2, y2).

y2 y1
mx
rise
run
105
r
slope
7
11
7(r) 11(105)
7r 1155
7r
7
x1
1 (2)
1 (2)
1
3

1155
7
x1
2 0
2 4
2
6
1
3
The slope is the same regardless of points chosen.

62. Let (2, 3) (x1, y1) and (1, 1) (x2, y2).
r 165
The total run would be 165 in. or 13 feet 9 inches.
58. Sample answer: Analysis of the slope of a roof
might help to determine the materials of which it
should be made and its functionality. Answers
To find the slope of the roof, find a vertical line
that passes through the peak of the roof and a
horizontal line that passes through the eave.
Find the distances from the intersection of
those two lines to the peak and to the eave.
Use those measures as the rise and run to
calculate the slope.
A roof that is steeper than one with a rise of 6
and a run of 12 would be one with a rise
greater than 6 and the same run. A roof with a
steeper slope appears taller than one with a
less steep slope.
59. D; Let (5,4) (x1, y1) and (5, 10) (x2, y2).
y2 y1
mx
x1
1 3
2
4
3
4
3
1

Let (1, 1) (x1, y1) and (4, 2) (x2, y2).
y2 y1
mx
x1
2 (1)
(1)
1
3
1
3
4

No, they do not. Slope of QR is 3 and slope of RS

1
is 3. If they lie on the same line, the slopes should
be the same.
y2 y1
mx

x1
Page 262
10 (4)
5 5
6
0
1

63.

undefined.
60. B; Let (c, d) (x1, y1) and (a, b) (x2, y2).
2
x1
b d
a c
61. Let (5, 3) (x1, y1) and (2, 2) (x2, y2).
y2 y1
mx
x1
2 (3)
(5)
1
3
2
x
f(x)
1
5
1

2
10
1

3
15
1

4
20
5
25

5
5
5
5
The difference of the values for x is 1, and the
difference of the values for f(x) is 5. This suggests
that f(x) 5x. Check this equation.
Check:
If x 1, then f(x) 5(1) or 5.
If x 2, then f(x) 5(2) or 10.
If x 3, then f(x) 5(3) or 15.
The equation checks. We can write the equation
as f(x) 5x.
y2 y1
mx
Let (5, 3) (x1, y1) and (4, 0) (x2, y2).

y2 y1
mx

x1
0 (3)
4 (5)
3
9
1
3
195
Chapter 5
1
2
1
2

64. x
2
1
1
2
4
f(x)
13
12
10
9
7

1
2
1
2
The difference in f(x) values is 1 times the
difference in x values. This suggests that f(x) x.
Check this equation.
Check:
If x 2, then f(x) (2) or 2.
But the f(x) value for x 2 is 13.
This is a difference of 11. Try some other value in
the domain to see if the same difference occurs.
2
2
13
x
x
f(x)
1
1
12
1
1
10
2
2
9

xy0
xyx0x
y x
(1)(y) (1)(x)
yx
table. Then graph the ordered pairs and draw a
x
3
1
0
2
4
4
4
7
f(x) is always 11 more than x. This pattern

suggests that 11 should be added to one side of
the equation in order to correctly describe the
relation. Check f(x) x 11.
Check:
If x 2, then f(x) (2) 11 or 13.
If x 1, then f(x) (1) 11 or 12.
The equation checks. We can write the equation
as f(x) 11 x.
65. Graph the equation. No vertical line passes
through more than one point on the graph. Thus,
the line represents a function.
6
3
x y 0
a
b
100
a
37.5
100
40
100a 37.5(40)
100a 1500
100a
100
1500
100
a 15
Forty percent of 37.5 is 15.
71. 7(3) 21
72. (4)(2) 8
73. (9)(4) 36
74. (8)(3.7) 29.6
18
66. Graph the equation. The vertical line x 5 passes

through more than one point on the graph. Thus,
the line does not represent a function.
1 7 2113 2 247
75. 8
77. 6 3 1 2
x5
76.
114 2112 2 (14) 118 21142

7
81.
67. This set of ordered pairs represents a relation
that is not a function. The element 1 in the
domain is paired with both 0 and 4 in the range.
68. This set of ordered pairs represents a function
since, for each element of the domain, there is
only one corresponding element in the range.
83.
85.
196
3
8
78. 12 4 12 4
48
18
2
10 8

1 3
80
2
3 or 26 3
3
1
3 6
6 41
4
18
4
9
1
2 or 42
7
18 8
18 8 1 7
144
4
7 or 20 7
2
1
8 4
23 4 3 1
32
2
3 or 103
4 or 14
9
79. 10
Chapter 5
70. The percent is 40, and the base is 37.5. Let a

represent the part.
12 9 6 3 O 3 6 9 12 x
3
6
9
y 15
12
(x, y)
(3, 3)
(1, 1)
(0, 0)
(2, 2)
(4, 4)
y
3
1
0
2
4
80.
1
2
3 21
3
2 or 1 2
82.
3
4
6 46
3
24
1
8
84.
3
8
5 82
15
16
Page 263
6. Step 1:
Reading Mathematics
Term
2a. slope
2b. intercept
2c. parallel
Everyday
Meaning
1. to diverge
from the vertical
or horizontal;
incline
2. to move on a
slant; ascend
or descend
to stop, deflect,
or interrupt the
progress or
intended
course of
of, relating to, or
carrying
out the
simultaneous
performance of
separate tasks
Write the slope as a ratio.

2
21
Step 2: Graph (0, 0).
Step 3: From the point (0, 0), move up
2 units and right 1 unit.
Draw a dot.
Step 4: Draw a line containing the points.
1. Sample answer: The mathematical meaning of

function is most closely related to the third
definition in the everyday meanings.
Mathematical
Meaning
the ratio of
the rise to the
run
the coordinate
at which a graph
intersects an
axis
7. Step 1:
lines that never
intersect;
nonvertical lines
that have
the same slope

3
3
1

Step 3: From the point (0, 0), move
down 3 units and right 1 unit.
Draw a dot.
y
Slope and Direct Variation
5-2
y 2x
y 3 x
Page 265
1. All the graphs pass through the origin.

2. None of the graphs have the same slope.
3. Sample answer: y 5x; See students graphs.
4. Sample answer: y 2x; See students graphs.

5. This family of graphs has a y-intercept of 0. Their
slopes are all different.
6. As|m|increases the graph becomes more steep.
Page 267
8. Step 1:
1
2

Step 3: From the point (0, 0), move
up 1 unit and right 2 units.
Draw a dot.
1. y kx, where k is a constant of variation.

2. b; 4a b means b varies directly as a, and 4 is
the constant of variation.
1
c; z 3 x means z varies directly as x, and

constant of variation.
3. They are equal.
1
3
is the
y 12 x
4. The constant of variation is 3.
y2 y1
mx
x1
0 1
(3)
1
3
m0
m
The slope is 3.

y2 y1
mx
x1
2 0
m20
m1
The slope is 1.
197
Chapter 5
13. The graph of y 6x passes through the origin

with slope 6.
9. Find the value of k.

y kx
27 k(6)
27
6
9
2
m1
k(6)
6
k
9
Therefore, y 2 x.
y 6x
Now find x when y 45.

9
y 2x
9
45 2 x
2
(45)
9
1 2
2 9
x
9 2
10 x
y kx
10 k(9)
10
9
10
9
14. y 6x
y 6(30)
y 180
You will earn $180 if you work 30 hours.
k(9)
9
k
Therefore, y
Pages 268270
10
x.
9
y2 y1

y
9
9
(9)
10
81
10
mx
10
x
9
10
x
9
9 10
x
10 9
x
m
1 2
y2 y1
mx
m
x1
0 (4)
0 (1)
m4
The slope is 4.
k(14)
14
k
y2 y1
mx
Therefore, y 2 x.
m
Now find y when x 20.
x1
1 0
2 0
1
2
m
The slope is 2.
y 2x
y 2 (20)
y 10
12. Words:
Variables:

y2 y1
mx
Your pay for 7.5 hours is $45.

Let k pay rate.
m
Amount of Pay equals pay rate times time.
$45
Equation:
Solve for the rate.
45 k(7.5)
x1
2 0
2 0
m 1
The slope is 1.
424
3
144424443 14243 14243 1
424
3 1
45
7.5
x1
4 0
2 0
m2
The slope is 2.
8.1 x
y kx
7 k(14)
7
14
1
2
Practice and Apply
7.5h

y2 y1
mx
k(7.5)
7.5
m
6k
Therefore, the direct variation equation is y 6x.
m
x1
3 0
2 0
3
2
3
The slope is 2.
Chapter 5
198
24. Write the slope as a ratio.

y2 y1
mx
m
m
4
x1
4
1
Graph (0, 0). From the point (0, 0), move down
4 units and right 1 unit. Draw a dot. Draw a line
containing the points.
1 0
4 0
1
4
The slope is 4.

y 4 x
11
Graph (0, 0). From the point (0, 0), move up
1 unit and right 1 unit. Draw a dot. Draw a line

yx
1
4

1 unit and right 4 units. Draw a dot. Draw a line
y
y 14 x

3
31

y
y 3x
3
5

3 units and right 5 units. Draw a dot. Draw a line
y 35 x

1
1
1
1 unit and right 1 unit. Draw a dot. Draw a line
y
y x

5
2

y 52 x
x
199
Chapter 5
9
2
7
5
2

y
x
y 92 x
y 75 x
O

y kx
8 k(4)
1
5

8
4
y 15 x
O
36
6

2
y
42
6
16
4
4
3
4 units and right 3 units. Draw a dot. Draw a
line containing the points.
20
4
y 43 x
Chapter 5
k(4)
4
4x
4
5 x
4 k
Therefore, y 4x.
y 4x
20 4x

4
6x
6
7x
y kx
16 k(4)
y 23 x
3
k(6)
6
6k
Therefore, y 6x.
y 6x
42 6x
2
3
k(4)
4
2k
Therefore, y 2x.
y 2x
y 2(5)
y 10
y kx
36 k(6)
3
200

y kx
18 k(6)
18
6

y kx
6.6 k(9.9)
6.6
9.9
2
3
k(6)
6
3 k
Therefore, y 3x.
y 3x
6 3x
6
3
Now find y when x 6.6.

2
y 3 x
3x
3
y 3 (6.6)
y 4.4
y kx
114 2
4 8
4
1
1 1k 4 2
1 13 2
2
23 k
k
32
3
Therefore, y 3 x.
32
x.
3
1
y
y 3x
y 3 (24)
y 8
y kx
12 k(15)
9k
Therefore, y 9x.
y 9x
12 9x
y 5x
21 5x
4
105
4
x
1 2
5 4
x
5
12
9
4
3
26.25 x
y kx
2.5 k(0.5)
1 2
12
123 2
3
3
2
(6) 2 1 k 3 2
2
5
(21)
4
y
32 9
3 8
6k
Therefore, y 5x.
y
32
x
3
32 1
18
3
y 12
y kx
k(15)
15
k
2.5
0.5
k
Therefore, y
12
15
4
5
k
2
k(12)
12
k(9.9)
9.9
Therefore, y 3 x.
2 x
y kx
4 k(12)
4
12
1
3
9x
9
x
43. The
the diameter
d.
circumference
C is 3.14 times
1444
442444
443 { 123 1
424
3 1444
424444
3
C
k(0.5)
0.5
3.14
The direct variation equation is C 3.14d.

The graph of C 3.14d passes through the origin
with slope 3.14.
5k
Therefore, y 5x.
y 5x
y 5(20)
y 100
m
3.14
1
C 3.14 d
201
Chapter 5
48. Line 4 passes through the points (0, 0) and

(1, 25).
The perimeter P is 4 times the length of a side s.

3 144444424444443
44. 14444244443 { { 1424
P
4
s
The direct variation equation is P 4s.
The graph of P 4s passes through the origin
with slope 4.
y2 y1
mx
m
x1
25 0
1 0
m 25
The slope of line 4 is 25. Therefore, line 4
represents the sprinting speed of the elephant.
(1, 32).
m1
P
y2 y1
mx
P 4s
m
m 32
represents the sprinting speed of the reindeer.
(1, 50).
is 0.99 times the number of yards n.

The
total cost C
444424444
3 { 123 1
424
3 1444442444443
45. 1
0.99
C
n
y2 y1
mx
The direct variation equation is C 0.99n.

The graph of C 0.99n passes through the
origin with slope 0.99.
m
m
y2 y1
mx
C 0.99 n
m
The total cost C is

14.49 times
the
number of pounds p.
{ 123 1
424
3 1
4444442444444
3
C
14.49
p
1
444424444
3
The direct variation equation is C 14.49p.

The graph of C 14.49p passes through the
origin with slope 14.49.
1442443 1
424
3 1442443 1
424
3 1442443
60

k

Solve for the constant of variation.
60 k(360)
14.49
1
60
360
1
6
40
30
k(360)
360
k
53. m 6 e
10
p
2
m 6 (138)
m 23
If you weigh 138 pounds on Earth, you would
weigh 23 pounds on the moon.
47. It also doubles. If x k, and x is multiplied by 2,

y must also be multiplied by 2 to maintain the
value of k.
Chapter 5
360
Therefore, the direct variation equation is

1
m 6 e.
C 14.49 p
20
x1
30 0
1 0
m 30
represents the sprinting speed of the grizzly bear.
52. The weight on the moon is 60 pounds, and the
weight on Earth is 360 pounds.
Let k constant of variation.
the weight
The weight
the constant
equals
times
on Earth.
on the moon
of variation
m
x1
50 0
1 0
m 50
represents the sprinting speed of the lion.
(1, 30).
0.99
1
46.
x1
32 0
1 0
202
54. The age of a human is 3 years old, and the age of

a horse is 1 year old.
Let k constant of variation.
The age of
the constant
the age of
equals
times
a human
of variation
a horse.
Page 270
63. m x
m
y2 y1
3

k

1
Solve for the constant of variation.
3 k(1)
3k
Therefore, the direct variation equation is y 3x.
55. y 3x
16 3x
x1
0 3
2 1
m 3
1442443 1
424
3 1442443 1
424
3 1
44244
3
16
3
1
53
y2 y1
64. m x
m
m
x1
2 (2)
2 2
4
0

undefined.
y2 y1
65. m x
3x
3
m
x
3 1
2 (3)
2
m2
The equivalent horse age for a human who is

1
16 years old is 53 years old or 5 years 4 months.
2
2r
2
m
m
2
2
r 1
1
67.
1

x
y
0
1
1

1
1

2
9
y2 y1
2
x1
3 7
r 1
4
r 1
21r 12 4
2r 2 4
2r 2 2 4 2
2r 2
56. The slope of the equation that relates time and

water use is the number of gallons used per
minute in the shower. Answers should include the
following.
y 2.5x
Less steep; the slope is less than the slope of
the graph on page 268.
57. D; The graph passes through the points (0, 0) and
(2, 1).
mx
y2 y1
mx
66.
x1
1
3
13

4
5
21
4
x1
1 0
2 0
1
2
The difference in the x values is 1, and the

difference in the y values is 4. Since 1 4 5, and
13 4 17, the numbers 5 and 17 are inserted.
1
Therefore, the equation is y 2 x.
x
y
58. C; The ordered pair (0, 0) is a solution of a direct

variation equation. Check (0, 0) in the equation
y 3x 1.
Check:
y 3x 1
?
0 3(0) 1
01
59. The calculator screen shows the graphs of
y 1x, y 2x and y 4x.
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
0
1
1
5
2
68.
2

x
y
2
9
2

4
3
13
6
4
4
17
2
5
21
2

8
10
12
2
2

2
The difference in the x values is 2, and the

difference in the y values is 2. Since 4 2 6,
6 2 8, and 2 2 0, the numbers 8, 6, and 0
are inserted.
x
y
2
8
4
6
6
4
8
2
10
0
12
2
69. 15 1122 1|15| |12|2

115 122
3
70. 8 152 8 5
13
71. 9 6 9 162
(|9| |6|)
19 62
15
72. 18 12 18 1122
1|18| |12|2
118 122
30
60. They all pass through (0, 0), but these have
negative slopes.
61. Sample answer: y 5x.
62. Sample answer: Find the absolute value of k in
each equation. The one with the greatest value of
|k| has the steeper slope.
203
Chapter 5
3x y 8
3x y 3x 8 3x
y 3x 8
74.
2x y 7
2x y 2x 7 2x
y 2x 7
75.
76.
4x y 3
2y 4x 10
1
1
4x 3 y 3 3
(2y)
2 (4x 10)
2
4x 3 y
y 2x 5
77.
9x 3y 12
9x 3y 9x 12 9x
3y 9x 12
73.
1
(3y)
3
78.

7
y
y 7 x
3 (9x 12)
3
4

5 x
2
x 5
2
y
Page 270
y
y 34 x
Practice Quiz 1
y2 y1
1. m x
y2 y1
2. m x
x1
8 (6)
(4)
m 2
m 19
m0
y2 y1
m
m
3 3
m 11 8
x1
m 3
3. m x
y2 y1
4. m x
x1
9 8
5 (4)
1
9
m
m
y2 y1
mx
5.
2
2

y kx
24 k182
x1
11 1
7 0
10
7
24
8
2r
2
2
10
15
2
3
r4
y2 y1
mx
3
2
3
2

x1
9 r
4 6
9 r
10
k(15)
15
k
2
y 3x
2
6 3x
3
2 (6) 2 3 x
9x
2r
2
24 r
Chapter 5
k182
8
Therefore, y 3x.
3(10) 2(9 r)
30 18 2r
30 18 18 2r 18
48 2r
48
2
3k
Therefore, y 3x.
y 3x
y 3(3)
y 9
y kx
10 k(15)
x1
5 (3)
r 5
2
r 5
2(r 5) 2
2r 10 2
2r 10 10 2 10
2r 8
6.
y 3x 4
x 2y 5
x 2y x 5 x
2y 5 x
2y
2
7
1
204
Page 271
5-3
See students work.

Sample answer: It is a linear pattern.
It is the y-intercept.
See students work. Sample answer: 1.5
The slope represents the rate of change.
Add 2.5 units to the y coordinate of each data
point. Plot points at (0, 10.5), (1, 11.75), (2, 13),
(3, 14.5), and (4, 15.5).
Length (cm)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Algebra Activity
16
14
Page 275
12
10
8
1 2 3 4 5
Number of Washers
y2 y1
mx
Length (cm)
7. The sample data has a distance of 8 cm for

0 washers and an approximate change of 1.25 cm
for each washer added. Therefore, the new graph
should have a point at (0, 8), then increase the
distance more than 1.25 cm for each washer
added. Sample answer: plot points at (0, 8),
(1, 10), (2, 12), (3, 14), and (4, 16).
16
14
m
m
12
10
8
1 2 3 4 5
Number of Washers
8. The sample data has a distance of 8 cm for

0 washers and an approximate change of 1.25 cm
for each washer added. Therefore, the new graph
should have a point at (0, 8), then increase the
distance less than 1.25 cm for each washer added.
Sample answer: plot points at (0, 8), (1, 9), (2, 10),
(3, 11), and (4, 12).
Length (cm)
12
x1
3 (1)
2 0
4
2
m2
The slope is 2.
Step 2: The line crosses the y-axis at (0, 1).
So, the y-intercept is 1.
Step 3: Finally, write the equation.
y mx b
y 2x 112
y 2x 1
The equation of the line is y 2x 1.
7. Step 1: You know the coordinates of two points
on the line. Find the slope.
Let (x1, y1) (0, 2) and (x2, y2) (2, 1).
1. Sample answer: y 7x 2
2. Vertical lines have undefined slope. Horizontal
lines have a slope of 0.
3. The rate of change is described by the slope.
4. Replace m with 3 and b with 1.
y mx b
y 3x 1
y mx b
y 4x 122
y 4x 2
6. Step 1: You know the coordinates of two points
on the line. Find the slope.
Let (x1, y1) (0, 1) and (x2, y2) (2, 3).
Slope-Intercept Form
y2 y1
mx
m
m
m
x1
1 2
2 0
3
2
3
2
3
The slope is 2.
11
10
9
Step 2: The line crosses the y-axis at (0, 2). So,

the y-intercept is 2.
Step 3: Finally, write the equation.
y mx b
8
7
6
y 2x 2
The equation of the line is y 2x 2.
1 2 3 4 5
Number of Washers
205
Chapter 5
8. Step 1: The y-intercept is 3. So, graph (0, 3).

2
Step 2: The slope is 1. From (0, 3), move up
2 units and right 1 unit. Draw a dot.
12. The graph passes through (0, 50) with slope 5.

T
80
60
T 50 5w
y
40
y 2x 3
20
0
Pages 275277
y 3x 1
16. Replace m with

y mx b
10. Step 1: Solve for y to find the slope-intercept

form.
2x y 5
2x y 2x 5 2x
y 2x 5
Step 2: The y-intercept is 5.
So, graph (0, 5).
2
Step 3: The slope is 1 . From (0, 5), move down
y 5 x 0
3
y 5 x
y mx b
y 1x 10
y x 10
19. Replace m with 0.5 and b with 7.5.
y mx b
y 0.5x 7.5
20. Find the slope.
y2 y1
mx
m
11. Words:
The amount you save increases $5

per week, so the rate of change is $5
per week. You start with $50.
Variables: T is the total amount. W is the
number of weeks.
Equation:
Total
rate of
number of weeks
equals
times
amount
change
from now
plus
x1
4 1
1 0
m3
The line crosses the y-axis at (0, 1).
Finally, write the equation.
y mx b
y 3x 1
amount
at start.
14243 1
424
3 14243 1
424
3 14444244443 1
424
3 14243
50
The equation is T 5w 50.
Chapter 5
and b with 3.
1
2

y mx b
Practice and Apply
2x y 5
y 2x 3

y mx b
y 2x 162
y 2x 6
y mx b
y 3x 152
y 3x 5
13. After 7 weeks, w 7.

T 5w 50
T 5172 50
T 85
So, the total amount saved after 7 weeks is $85.
9. Step 1: The y-intercept is 1. So, graph (0, 1).

3
Step 2: The slope is 1 . From (0, 1), move down
206

y mx b
y 0x 2
y2
26. The slope of a horizontal line is 0.
Since the line crosses the y-axis at (0, 5), the
y-intercept is 5. Replace m with 0 and b with
5.
y mx b
y 0x (5)
y 5
27. Since the line passes through the origin, the
y-intercept is 0. Replace m with 3 and b with 0.
y mx b
y 3x 0
y 3x
28. The y-intercept is 1. So, graph (0, 1). The slope is
3
. From (0, 1), move up 3 units and right 1 unit.
1
Draw a dot. Draw a line containing the points.
21. Find the slope.

y2 y1
mx
m
m
x1
1 (4)
2 0
3
2
The line crosses the y-axis at (0, 4). So, the

y-intercept is 4.
y mx b
3
y 2 x (4)
3
y 2x 4
22. Find the slope.
y2 y1
mx
m
m
x1
2 2
1 0
4
1
m 4
y mx b
y 4x 2
23. Find the slope.
y
y 3x 1
y2 y1
mx
m
m
m
x1
1 1
3 0
2
3
2
3
29. The y-intercept is 2. So, graph (0, 2). The slope
1
is 1. From (0, 2), move up 1 unit and right
1 unit. Draw a dot. Draw a line containing the
points.

y mx b
yx2
y 3 x 1
24. Find the slope.
y2 y1
mx
m
m
x1
3 0
2 0
3
2

4
is 1 . From (0, 1) move down 4 units and right
points.

y mx b
y 2x 0
3
y 2x
25. Find the slope.
y2 y1
mx
m
m
y 4x 1
x1
2 2
2 0
0
2
m0
207
Chapter 5
35. Solve for y to find the slope-intercept form.

2x y 3
2x y 2x 3 2x
y 2x 3
1(y) 1(2x 3)
y 2x 3
The y-intercept is 3. So, graph (0, 3). The slope is
2
. From (0, 3) move up 2 units and right 1 unit.
1

1
. From (0, 2) move down 1 unit and right 1 unit.
1
y
y x 2

1
. From (0, 4) move up 1 unit and right 2 units.
2
2x y 3

3y 2x 3
y 2x 4
3y
3
3y
3

y
33. The y-intercept is 3. So, graph (0,3). The slope
1
is 3 . From (0, 3) move down 1 unit and right
3 units. Draw a dot. Draw a line containing the
points.
2x 3
3
2x
3
3
3
2
x1
3

2
. From (0, 1) move up 2 units and right 3 units.
3
y
O
3y 2x 3
1
y 3x 3

2y 6x 4

3x y 2
3x y 3x 2 3x
y 3x 2
The y-intercept is 2. So, graph (0, 2). The slope
3
points.
2y
2
2y
2

6x 4
2
6x
4
2
2
y 3x 2
3
points.
y
O
y
x
O
3x y 2
2y 6x 4
Chapter 5
208
41. The cost increases $25 per hour, so the rate of

change is $25 per hour. The initial cost is $50.
Let C total cost.
Let h number of hours used for repair.
number
of hours
Total
rate of
used for
initial
cost
equals
change
times
repair
plus
cost.
123 123 1
424
3 123 1
424
3 123 123

2x 3y 6
2x 3y 2x 6 2x
3y 2x 6
3y
3
3y
3

y
2x 6
3
2x
6
3
3
2
3x 2
C

25

The equation is C 25h 50.

2
. From (0, 2) move down 2 units and right
3
points.
y

4
is 3. From (0, 1) move up 4 units and right
points.
4x 3y 3
6.
S

1

t

16
The equation is S t 16.
46. The year 2005 is 14 years after 1991.
So, t 14.
S t 16
S 14 16
S 30
So, the total sales will be $30 billion in 2005.
40. The cost increases $2 per hour, so the rate of

change is $2 per hour. The initial cost is $20.
Let C total cost.
Let t number of hours bicycle is rented.
number
Total
rate of
of hours
initial
cost
change
times
rental
plus
cost.
1
23 equals
123 1
424
3 12
3 of
1
424
31
23 123
t

1
2 t

T

2
h

15
The equation is T 2h 15.
44. They all have a y-intercept of 3.
45. The amount of sales increased $1 billion per year,
so the rate of change is $1 billion per year. In
1991 there were $16 billion in book sales.
S is the total sales. t is the number of years after
1991.
number
rate
of years
amount
Total
of
after
at
sales
equals
change
times
1991
plus
start.
123 123 1
424
3 123 1
424
3 123 1
424
3
C

2

The equation is C 2t 20.
2
43. The temperature will fall 2 each hour, so the rate

of change is 2 each hour. The temperature is
currently 15.
Let T temperature.
Let h number of hours passed during the night.
rate
number
temperTemperof
of hours
ature
ature
equals
change
times
passed
plus
at
start.
1
424
3 123 1
424
3 123 1
424
3 123 1
424
3
4x 3
3
4x
3
3
3
4
x1
3
The equation is H

4x 3y 3
4x 3y 4x 3 4x
3y 4x 3
50
2x 3y 6
3y
3
3y
3
42. The candle decreases in height 2 in. per hour, so

1
the rate of change is 2 in. per hour. The candle
is 6 in. tall when lit.
Let H height of the candle.
Let t number of hours the candle burns.
number
Height
rate
of hours
height
of
of
candle
at
candle
equals
change
times
burns
plus
start.
123 123 1
424
3 123 1
424
3 123 123
20
209
Chapter 5
55a. Replace A with 2, B with 1, and C with 4.
47. The fatality rate decreased 0.12 each year, so the

rate of change is 0.12 each year. In 1966 there
were 5.5 fatalities per 100 million vehicle miles.
R is the fatality rate. t is the number of years
after 1966.
number
rate
of years
amount
Fatality
of
after
at
rate
equals
change
times
1966
plus
start.
14243 123 1
424
3 123 1
424
3 123 1
424
3
B 1
2
The slope is 2.
C
B
4
1
4
55b. Replace A with 3, B with 4, and C with 12.
R
0.12

t

5.5
The equation is R 0.12t 5.5.
48. The graph passes through (0, 5.5) with slope
0.12.
B 4
3
The slope is 4.

C
B
12
4
3
55c. Replace A with 2, B with 3, and C with 9.
A
B 3
R 5.5 0.12t
3
2
The slope is 3.
C
B

So, t 33.
R 0.12t 5.5
R 0.12(33) 5.5
R 1.54
So, the fatality rate was 1.54 fatalities per
100 million vehicle miles in 1999.
50. The y-intercept is the flat fee in an equation that
represents a price. Answers should include the
following.
The graph crosses the y-axis at 5.99.
Sample answer: A mechanic charges $25 plus
$40 per hour to work on your car.
51. D; Solve for y to find the slope-intercept form.
2x y 5
2x y 2x 5 2x
y 2x 5
(1)(y) (1)(2x 5)
y 2x 5
52. B; The y-intercept is 100, which indicates that
you already have $100. The slope is 5 which
indicates that you are adding or saving $5 for
each time frame.
53.
Ax By C
Ax By Ax C Ax
By Ax C
Ax C
B
Ax
C
B B
A
C
y B x B, where B 0.
A
C
A
slope of y B x B is B, where B
C
y-intercept is B.
By
B
By
B
54. The
The
Chapter 5
3
3
Page 277

y kx
45 k(60)
45
60
3
4
k(60)
60
k
3
Therefore, y 4x.
3
y 4x
3
8 4x
4
(8)
3
32
3
2
103
1 2
4 3
x
4
3
x
x

y kx
15 k(4)
15
4
15
4
k(4)
4
k
Therefore, y
15
x.
4

y
0.
y
y
210
15
x
4
15
(10)
4
75
1
or 372
2
y2 y1
58. m x
x1
6 0
(3)
m 4
6
y2 y1
59. m x
m
Notice that the graph of y 4 is the same as

the graph of y 0, moved 4 units down. Also, the
graph of y 7 is the same as the graph of y 0,
moved 7 units up. All graphs have the same slope
and different intercepts.
Because they all have the same slope, this family
of graphs can be described as linear graphs with a
slope of 0.
2. Enter the equations in the Y list and graph.
x1
4 (1)
3 3
3
0
m 1
m
m 6
Since division by zero

is undefined, the slope
is undefined.
y2 y1
60. m x
m
m
x1
2 (5)
9 5
7
4

2.5
3
4
0.75
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
0.5
7
8
The graph of y x 1 has a slope of 1 and

a y-intercept of 1.
The graph of y 2x 1 has a slope of 2 and a
y-intercept of 1.
1
1
The graph of y 4 x 1 has a slope of 4 and a
y-intercept of 1.
These graphs have the same intercept and
different slopes. This family of graphs can be
described as linear graphs with a y-intercept of 1.
0.875
0.5 0.75 0.875 2.5

3 7
greatest are 0.5, 4, 8, 2.5.
62. x
x
15 9
2
6
2
63. 3(7) 2 b
21 2 b
x3
64. q 62 22
q 36 4
q 32
y2 y1
65. m x
m
m
y2 y1
66. m x
x1
8 8
5
0
7
y2 y1
2
m
m
m
Page 279
y x 4
m 2
67. m x
m 2
m0
x1
2 2
1 (1)
4
2
m
y 2x 4
x1
13 (1)
10 1
12
9
4
3
y 2x 4
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
The graph of y x 4 has a slope of 1 and a

y-intercept of 4.
y-intercept of 4.
y-intercept of 4.
These equations are similar in that they all have
positive slope. However, since the slopes are
different and the y-intercepts are different, these
graphs are not all in the same family.

[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
The graph of y 4 has a slope of 0 and a

y-intercept of 4.
y-intercept of 0.
y-intercept of 7.
211
Chapter 5
Because they all have the same slope, this family

of graphs can be described as linear graphs with a
slope of 3.
7. Sample answer: The value of m determines the
steepness and direction of the graph. If the graph
has a positive slope, it slants upward from left to
right. A graph with a negative slope slants
downward from left to right. The greater the
absolute value of the slope, the steeper the line.
Lines with the same slope are parallel. The value
of b determines where the line crosses the y-axis.
Lines with the same value of b form a family of
lines that intersect at that intercept. The values
of b in a family of parallel lines determine how far
the lines are apart on the y-axis.
8. This class of functions has graphs that are lines
with slope 1. Their y-intercepts are all different.
9. See students graphs. The graph of y 0 x 0 c is
the same as the graph of y 0 x 0 translated
vertically c units. If c is positive, the translation
is up; if c is negative, the translation is down. The
graph of y 0 x c 0 is the same as the graph of
y 0 x 0 , translated horizontally c units. If c is
positive, the translation is to the left; if c is
negative, the translation is to the right.
y 4x4
y 3x3
y 2x2
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1

1

y-intercept of 2.
1
1
y-intercept of 3.
1
1
y-intercept of 4.
These equations are similar in that they all have
positive slope. However, since the slopes are
different and the y-intercepts are different, these
graphs are not all in the same family.
y 2x 2
y 2x 2
y 2x2
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
The graph of y 2x 2 has a slope of 2

and a y-intercept of 2.
y-intercept of 2.
1
Writing Equations in SlopeIntercept Form
Page 283
1. When you have the slope and one point, you can
substitute these values in for x, y, and m to find b.
When you are given two points, you must first
find the slope and then use the first procedure.
2. Sample answer: y 2x 3
3. Sometimes; if the x- and y-intercepts are both
zero, you cannot write the equation of the graph.
4. Step 1: The line has slope 2. To find the
y-intercept, replace m with 2 and (x, y)
with (4, 2) in the slope-intercept form.
Then solve for b.
y mx b
2 2(4) b
2 8 b
2 8 8 b 8
10 b
Step 2: Write the slope-intercept form using
m 2 and b 10.
y mx b
y 2x (10)
y 2x 10
Therefore, the equation is y 2x 10.

y-intercept of 2.
These graphs have the same intercept and different
slopes. This family of graphs can be described as
linear graphs with a y-intercept of 2.
y 3x 6
y 3x
y 3x 7
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
The graph of y 3x has a slope of 3 and a

y-intercept of 0.
y-intercept of 6.
y-intercept of 7.
Notice that the graph of y 3x 6 is the same as
the graph of y 3x, moved 6 units up. Also, the
graph of y 3x 7 is the same as the graph of
y 3x, moved 7 units down. All graphs have the
same slope and different intercepts.
Chapter 5
5-4
212

Then solve for b.
y mx b
7 3(3) b
7 9 b
7 9 9 b 9
16 b
m 3 and b 16.
y mx b
y 3x 16
Then solve for b.
y mx b
5 1(3) b
53b
533b3
2b
m 1 and b 2.
y mx b
y 1x 2
y x 2
Therefore, the equation is y x 2.
7. Step 1: Find the slope of the line containing the
points.
Let (x1, y1) (5, 1) and (x2, y2) (8, 2).

points.
Let (x1, y1) (6, 0) and (x2, y2) (0, 4).
y2 y1
mx
m
m
m
Step 2: You know the slope and two points. The

point (0, 4) lies on the y-axis. Thus, the
y-intercept is 4.
2
m 3 and b 4.
y mx b
2
y 3x 4
2

points.
Let (x1, y1) (5, 2) and (x2, y2) (7, 4).
y2 y1
mx
m
m
m
m
m
x1
4 2
7 5
6
12
1
2
Step 2: You know the slope and two points.

Choose one point and find the
y-intercept. In this case, we choose (5, 2).
y mx b
1
2 2 (5) b
y2 y1
mx
x1
4 0
0 6
4
6
2
3
x1
22b
2 1
8 5
3
3
222b2
1
2 b
m 1
Step 2: You know the slope and two points.
Choose one point and find the
y-intercept. In this case, we choose (5, 1).
y mx b
1 1(5) b
1 5 b
1 5 5 b 5
6b
m 1 and b 6.
y mx b
y 1x 6
y x 6
Step 3:
Write the slope-intercept form using

1
m 2 and b 2.
y mx b
1
1 12
y 2x 2
1
y 2x 2
213
Chapter 5
14. Find the y-intercept.

y mx b
4 5(5) b
4 25 b
4 25 25 b 25
29 b
Write the slope-intercept form.
y mx b
y 5x 29
y mx b
0 2(3) b
0 6 b
0 6 6 b 6
6b
y mx b
y 2x 6
y mx b
10. A; Read the Test Item

The table represents the ordered pairs
(5, 2) and (0, 7).
Solve the Test Item
Step 1: Find the slope of the line containing the
points.
Let (x1, y1) (5, 2) and (x2, y2) (0, 7).
y2 y1
mx
m
x1
7 2
0 (5)
5
m5
m1
Step 2: You know the slope and two points. The
point (0, 7) lies on the y-axis. Thus, the
y-intercept is 7.
m 1 and b 7.
y mx b
y 1x 7
yx7
Pages 284285
3 2 (5) b
5
32b
Practice and Apply

y mx b
2 3(1) b
23b
233b3
1 b
y mx b
y 3x (1)
y 3x 1
y mx b
1 1(4) b
1 4 b
1 4 4 b 4
3b
y mx b
y 1x 3
y x 3
y mx b
2 3(5) b
2 15 b
2 15 15 b 15
17 b
y mx b
y 3x (17)
y 3x 17
Chapter 5
1
2
b
322b2
y mx b
1
y 2x 2
y mx b
2
1 3 (3) b
1 2 b
1 2 2 b 2
3 b
y mx b
2
y 3x (3)
2
y 3x 3
y mx b
5
5 3 (3) b
5 5 b
5 5 5 b 5
10 b
y mx b
5
y 3x (10)
5
y 3x 10
214

y mx b
y 2x (8)
y 2x 8
23. Find the slope.
19. Find the slope.

y2 y1
mx
m
m
x1
2 1
5 4
1
1
y2 y1
mx
m1
Find the y-intercept.
y mx b
1 1(4) b
14b
144b4
3 b
y mx b
y 1x (3)
yx3
20. Find the slope.
m
m
m 2
y mx b
3 2(1) b
32b
322b2
1b
y mx b
y 2x 1
24. Find the slope.
y2 y1
mx
x1
0 2
m20
m
y2 y1
2
2
mx
m 1
From the graph, we see that the y-intercept is 2.
y mx b
y 1x 2
y x 2
21. Find the slope.
m
m
m
m
x1
4 2
2 4
6
6
m1
y mx b
2 1(4) b
24b
244b4
2 b
y mx b
y 1x (2)
yx2
22. Find the slope.
y2 y1
mx
m
m
m
m
x1
2 (2)
4 7
0
11
m0
y mx b
2 0(7) b
2 0 b
2 b
y mx b
y 0x (2)
y 2
y2 y1
mx
x1
2 (2)
3 2
4
1
m4
y mx b
2 4(3) b
2 12 b
2 12 12 b 12
10 b
y mx b
y 4x (10)
y 4x 10
25. Find the slope.
y2 y1
mx
x1
3 3
2 (1)
6
3
x1
4 (2)
6 3
6
3
m2
y mx b
4 2(6) b
4 12 b
4 12 12 b 12
8 b
215
Chapter 5

y mx b
26. Find the slope.

y2 y1
mx
m
m
x1
1 16 b
m
m
m
30. Find the slope of the line containing the points

(3, 0) and (0, 5).
y2 y1
x1
mx
m
m
y 3x 5
b
b

(3, 0) and (0, 4).
1
2
y2 y1
mx
b
m

y mx b
1
m
y 2x 2
m
28. Find the slope.

2
m
m
m
x1
6 7
0 5
1
5
1
5
y 3x 4
(6, 0) and (0, 3).
y2 y1
The point (0, 6) lies on the y-axis. Thus, the

y-intercept is 6.
y mx b
mx
m
m
y 5x 6
m
29. Find the slope.

2
m
x1
3

4
1
4
1
m
4
154 2
y 2x 3
1
1
m 4
Chapter 5
x1
3 0
0 6
3
6
1
2
y mx b
y2 y1
mx
x1
4 0
0 3
4
3
4
3
y mx b
y2 y1
mx
x1
5 0
0 (3)
5
3
y mx b
1
1
2
1
2
11
y 4x 16
1 2 (1) b
1
b
y mx b

y mx b
1
2
1
2
11
16
4 1
7 1
3
6
1
2
1
Write the slope-intercept form using m 4 and

11
b 16.
y2 y1
2
1 16 16 b 16
m0
The point (0, 5) lies on the y-axis. Thus, the
y-intercept is 5.
y mx b
y 0x 5
y5
27. Find the slope.
mx
1 52
1 4 4 b
5 5
3 0
0
3
216
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:04 PM Page 217

W mt b

(2, 0) and (0, 2).
y2 y1
mx
m
W 20t (274.7)
x1
W 20t 274.7
2 0
0 2
37. W 20t 274.7
2
m 2
W 20 (2005) 274.7
m1
y mx b
y 1x (2)
yx2
34. Write an equation of the line that passes through
(1970, 23.2) and (1998, 26.7). Find the slope.
38.
y2 y1
mx
m
m
m
x1
26.7 23.2
1998 1970
3.5
28
1
8
Find the intercept.

M mt b
39.
23.2 8 (1970) b
23.2 246.25 b
23.2 246.25 246.25 b 246.25
223.05 b
M mt b
40.
M 8t (223.05)
1
M 8t 223.05
1
35. M 8t 223.05
1
M 8 (2005) 223.05
M 27.575
The median age of men who marry for the first
time in 2005 should be about 27.6 years old.
(1970, 20.8) and (1998, 25).
Find the slope.
41.
y2 y1
mx
y2 y1
mx
m
x1
m
25 20.8
m 1998 1970
m
m
W 26.05
The median age of women who marry for the first
time in 2005 should be about 26.05 years old.
Write an equation of the line that passes through
(1995, 175,000) with slope 2000.
y mx b
175,000 2000(1995) b
175,000 3,990,000 b
175,000 3,990,000 3,990,000 b 3,990,000
3,815,000 b
y mx b
y 2000x (3,815,000)
y 2000x 3,815,000
y 2000x 3,815,000
y 2000(2010) 3,815,000
y 205,000
The population of Orlando, Florida, in 2010
should be 205,000.
Write an equation of the line that passes through
(3, 45) with slope 10.
Find the intercept.
C mh b
45 10(3) b
45 30 b
45 30 30 b 30
15 b
C mh b
C 10h 15
Find the slope.
m
4.2
28
3
20
x1
4 2
7 14
6
21
2
7

y mx b
Find the intercept.

W mt b
2 7 (14) b
24b
244b4
2 b
20.8 20 (1970) b
20.8 295.5 b
20.8 295.5 295.5 b 295.5
274.7 b
Write the slope intercept form.

y mx b
2
y 7 x (2)
2
y 7x 2
217
Chapter 5
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:04 PM Page 218
42. The slope-intercept form of the line is

y
2
x
7
Page 285
2.
2
The slope is 7.
22
y 13x
22
0 13x
22
22
0 13x 13x
22
13x
13
22
22 13x
2
x
282
13
282
13
282
13
282
13
13
282
22 13
141
11
22
y 3x 2
13x
282
The y-intercept is 13 .
2.
Therefore, line intersects the x-axis at

282
13
49. Solve for y.

xy6
xyx6x
y x 6
1
. From (0, 6), move down 1 unit and right
1
1 unit. Draw a dot. Draw a line connecting the
points.
, 02
1141
11

( p, 0) and (0, q).
y2 y1
mx
x1
The slope-intercept form of the line is

22
282
y 13 x 13 .
and the y-axis at 0,
3
is 1. From (0, 2), move up 3 units and right
points.
q 0
m0p
q
xy6
m p
q
m p
The y-intercept is q.
y mx b
y p x q, where p 0.
50. Solve for y.

x 2y 8
x 2y x 8 x
2y x 8
45. Answers should include the following.

Linear extrapolation is when you use a linear
equation to predict values that are outside of
the given points on the graph.
You can use the slope-intercept form of the
equation to find the y value for any requested
x value.
46. B; Find the y-intercept.
y mx b
2y
2
2y
2
1 3 b
2
1 3 3 b 3
5
3
x 8
2
x
8
2
2
1
2x
y
4
1
. From (0, 4), move down 1 unit and right
2
2 units. Draw a dot. Draw a line connecting the
points.
1 3 (2) b
2
b
x 2y 8

y mx b
1
y 3x 3
47. B; Write an equation of the line that passes

through (0, 560) with slope 20.
y mx b
y 20x 560
Chapter 5
equals rate times number of beats.

Volume
51. 1
4243 123 123
123 144424443
2.5

r

b
The equation is V 2.5b.
218
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:04 PM Page 219
52.
53.
54.
55.
The domain for this relation is {0, 4, 9}.

The domain for this relation is {2, 0, 5}.
3 5.
You can use a calculator to find an approximation
16
for 3 .
7.
4 4.0
16
3
5.33333333...
Therefore, 4
16
.
3
4y 12 3(x 1)
4y 12 3x 3
4y 12 12 3x 3 12
4y 3x 9
4y 3x 3x 9 3x
3x 4y 9
9.
y 3 2.5(x 1)
2(y 3) 2(2.5)(x 1)
2y 6 5(x 1)
2y 6 5x 5
2y 6 6 5x 5 6
2y 5x 11
2y 5x 5x 11 5x
5x 2y 11
(1)(5x 2y) (1)11
5x 2y 11
10.
y 6 2(x 2)
y 6 2x 4
y 6 6 2x 4 6
y 2x 10
0.66666666...
3
4
1 32
4(y 3) 4 4 (x 1)
0.75
Therefore,
y 3 4 (x 1)
8.

2
for 3.
3
4
2
3
y 5 4(x 2)
y 5 4x 8
y 5 5 4x 8 5
y 4x 13
y 4x 4x 13 4x
4x y 13
(1)(4x y) (1)13
4x y 13
7 3.
57. 4 7 4 (7)
(|7||4|)
(7 4)
3
58. 5 12 5 (12)
(|12||5|)
(12 5)
7
59. 2 (3) 2 3
5
60. 1 4 1 (4)
(|1| |4|)
(1 4)
5
61. 7 8 7 (8)
(|7| |8|)
(7 8)
15
62. 5 (2) 5 2
(|5||2|)
(5 2)
3
11.
y 3 3 (x 6)
2
y 3 3 x 4
2
y 3 3 3 x 4 3
2
y 3 x 1
12.
y 2 2x 2
7
5-5
y 2 2 (x 4)
7
y 2 2 2x 2 2
Writing Equations in Point-Slope

Form
y 2x 2
13. Step 1:
First find the slope of AD.

y2 y1
Page 289
mx
1. They are the coordinates of a given point on the

graph of the equation.
2. Akira; (2, 6) and (1, 6) are both on the line, so
either could be substituted into point-slope form
to find a correct equation.
3. Sample answer: y 2 4(x 1); y 4x 6
4. y y1 m(x x1)
y 3 2(x 1)
5.
y y1 m(x x1)
y (2) 3[x (1)]
y 2 3(x 1)
6. y y1 m(x x1)
y (2) 0(x 2)
y20
m
m
x1
1 3
3 112
4
2
m2
Step 2: You can use either point for (x1, y1) in
the point-slope form. We chose (1, 3).
y y1 m(x x1)
y 3 2[x (1)]
y 3 2(x 1) or y 1 2(x 3)
219
Chapter 5
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:04 PM Page 220
14.
y 5 2(x 6)
y 5 2x 12
y 5 5 2x 12 5
y 2x 7
y 2x 2x 7 2x
2x y 7
32.
y 3 5(x 1)
y 3 5x 5
y 3 3 5x 5 3
y 5x 8
y 5x 5x 8 5x
5x y 8
y 3 2(x 1)
y 3 2x 2
y 3 3 2x 2 3
y 2x 5
y 2x 2x 5 2x
2x y 5
1(2x y) 1(5)
2x y 5
Pages 289291
31.
Practice and Apply
15. y y1 m(x x1)

y 8 2(x 3)
16. y y1 m(x x1)
17. y y1 m(x x1)
y (3) 1[x (4)]
y 4 3[x (2)]
y3x4
y 4 3(x 2)
18. y y1 m(x x1)
19. y y1 m(x x1)
y 1 4[x (6)]
y 6 0[x (3)]
y 1 4(x 6)
y60
20. y y m(x x )
21.
y y m(x x )
1
1
1
1
2
33.
2(y 7) 2
y 3 4 (x 8)
34.
22. y y m(x x )
23.
y y1 m(x x1 )
1
1
2
5
y 3 3 [x (6) ]
y (3) 8 (x 1)
y3
2
3 (x
y3
6)
y y1 m(x x1)
y (5) 0(x 9)
y50
25. y y m(x x )
1
1
5
8 (x
y8
y8
26.
156 2 (x 4)
6y 6 5(x 4)
6y 6 5x 20
6y 6 6 5x 20 6
6y 5x 14
6y 5x 5x 14 5x
5x 6y 14
(1)(5x 6y) (1) (14)
5x 6y 14
1)
y y1 m(x x1 )
8
y (4) 3 (x 1)
35.
y 4 3 (x 1)
y 2 5 (x 8)
1 22
5(y 2) 5 5 (x 8)
27. The slope of a horizontal line is zero.

y y1 m(x x1)
y (9) 0(x 5)
y90
28. The slope of a horizontal line is zero.
y y1 m(x x1)
y 7 0(x 0)
y70
29.
y 13 4(x 2)
y 13 4x 8
y 13 13 4x 8 13
y 4x 5
y 4x 4x 5 4x
4x y 5
(1)(4x y) (1)5
4x y 5
30.
y 3 3(x 5)
y 3 3x 15
y 3 3 3x 15 3
y 3x 12
y 3x 3x 12 3x
3x y 12
(1)(3x y) (1)12
3x y 12
Chapter 5
y 1 6 (x 4)
6(y 1) 6
24.
7
[x (4) ]
2
7
(x 4)
2
112 2 (x 2)
2y 14 x 2
2y 14 14 x 2 14
2y x 12
2y x x 12 x
x 2y 12
(1)(x 2y) (1) (12)
x 2y 12
y (3) 4 (x 8)
y 1 3 (x 9)
y 7 2 (x 2)
5y 10 2(x 8)
5y 10 2x 16
5y 10 10 2x 16 10
5y 2x 26
5y 2x 2x 26 2x
2x 5y 26
36.
y 4 3 (x 12)
1 12
3(y 4) 3 3 (x 12)
3y 12 1(x 12)
3y 12 x 12
3y 12 12 x 12 12
3y x
3y x x x
x 3y 0
37.
y 2 3 (x 6)
3(y 2) 3
153 2 (x 6)
3y 6 5(x 6)
3y 6 5x 30
3y 6 6 5x 30 6
3y 5x 24
3y 5x 5x 24 5x
5x 3y 24
(1)(5x 3y) (1)24
5x 3y 24
220
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:04 PM Page 221
38.
y 6 2 (x 4)
2(y 6) 2
39.
40.
41.
43.
44.
45.
132 2 (x 4)
2y 12 3(x 4)
2y 12 3x 12
2y 12 12 3x 12 12
2y 3x 24
2y 3x 3x 24 3x
3x 2y 24
(1)(3x 2y) (1)(24)
3x 2y 24
y 6 1.3(x 7)
10(y 6) 10(1.3)(x 7)
10y 60 13(x 7)
10y 60 13x 91
10y 60 60 13x 91 60
10y 13x 151
10y 13x 13x 151 13x
13x 10y 151
(1)(13x 10y) (1)151
13x 10y 151
y 2 2.5(x 1)
2(y 2) 2(2.5)(x 1)
2y 4 5(x 1)
2y 4 5x 5
2y 4 4 5x 5 4
2y 5x 9
2y 5x 5x 9 5x
5x 2y 9
y 2 3(x 1)
42.
y 5 6(x 1)
y 2 3x 3
y 5 6x 6
y 2 2 3x 3 2
y 5 5 6x 6 5
y 3x 1
y 6x 11
y 2 2(x 5)
y 2 2x 10
y 2 2 2x 10 2
y 2x 8
y 1 7(x 3)
y 1 7x 21
y 1 1 7x 21 1
y 7x 22
y 5 5 5 x 6 5
2
y 5 x 1
1
y
y
y
1
4
1
4
1
4

y
3
y5
52.
y
y
3
5
3
5
3
5
2
2x 3
2
2x 3
1
2x 3
1
3 x 2
3
3x 2
3
3x 2
7
3x 4
1
4 x 2
1
3
4x 2
1
4
4x 2 5
7
y 4x 5
53. Point-slope form:
y y1 m(x x1)
y (3) 10(x 5)
y 3 10(x 5)
Slope-intercept form:
y 3 10(x 5)
y 3 10x 50
y 3 3 10x 50 3
y 10x 53
Standard form:
y 10x 53
y 10x 10x 53 10x
10x y 53
(1)(10x y) (1)(53)
10x y 53
54. Point-slope form:
3
y y1 m(x x1 )
3
y (6) 2 (x 1)
y 1 3 (x 9)
y
y4
51.
y33
1
3
1
3
1
3
y
y 2x 1
y3
y
y3
y 3 2 x 3
50.
y 3 3 2x 2 3
47.
yx1
y
y22x22
y11
y2x2
49.
y 3 2 (x 4)
y1
y 5 5 x 6
y 3 2x 2
46.
y 5 5 1x 152
48.
y 6 2 (x 1)
y 6 2 (x 1)
2
x6
3
2
x61
3
2
x7
3
1
4 1x 22
1
1
4 x 2
1
1
4 x 2 3
1
7
4 x 2
15
2
y 6 2x 2
y 6 6 2x 2 6
y 2x
Standard form:
3
y 2x
13
15
2
2(y) 2 2 x
15
2
2y 3x 15
2y 3x 3x 15 3x
3x 2y 15
(1)(3x 2y) (1) (15)
3x 2y 15
221
Chapter 5
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:04 PM Page 222
55. The rate of change is $5 per week, so m 5.

Write the point-slope form using m 5 and
(x1, y1) (12, 210).
y y1 m(x x1)
y 210 5(x 12)
56.
y 210 5(x 12)
y 210 5x 60
y 210 210 5x 60 210
y 5x 150
57. The flat fee is the y-intercept of the equation. The
y-intercept of y 5x 150 is 150. Therefore, the
flat fee for installation is $150.
58. The rate of change is 1500 each year, so
m 1500. Write the point-slope form using
m 1500 and (x1, y1) (1996, 29,690).
y y1 m(x x1)
y 29,690 1500(x 1996)
59.
y 29,690 1500(x 1996)
y 29,690 1500x 2,994,000
y 29,690 29,690 1500x 2,994,000 29,690
y 1500x 2,964,310
60. y 1500x 2,964,310
y 1500(2005) 2,964,310
y 43,190
The number of movie screens in the United States
should be 43,190 in 2005.
61. RQ: First, find the slope.
Method 1
62. RQ: y 3 2 (x 1)
m
m
or
63. RQ:
Method 2
y y1 m(x x1 )
1
y (1) 2 (x 3)
PS:
2
Method 2
y y1 m(x x1 )
y 3 2(x 1)
1
2
Method 2
y y1 m(x x1 )
1
y 1 2 [x (3) ]
x1
Chapter 5
or
11
y 2x 2
11
2y x 5
2y x x 5 x
x 2y 5
x 2y 5
RS: y 2x 5
y 2x 2x 5 2x
2x y 5
64. Sample answer: The point-slope form of the
equation is y 1 (x 9). Let x 10 and y 0.
The equation becomes 0 1 (10 9) or
1 1. Since the equation holds true, (10, 0) is a
point on the line passing through (9, 1) and (5, 5).
Write the definition of the slope using (x, y) as
one point and (x1, y1) as the other. Then solve
the equation so that the ys are on one side and
the slope and xs are on the other.
y2 y1
m
y 2x 2
2(y) 2 2 x 2
RS: First, find the slope.

2
2y x 5
2y x x 5 x
x 2y 5
x 2y 5
QP: y 2x 5
y 2x 2x 5 2x
2x y 5
1 (3)
3 (1)
2(y) 2 2 x 2
y 1 2 (x 3)
mx
RS: y 3 2(x 1)
y 3 2x 2
y 3 3 2x 2 3
y 2x 5
Method 1
or
y y1 m(x x1 )
1
y 3 2 (x 1)
y 2x 2
x1
1 3
1
m 3
y 3 3 2x 2 3
y2 y1
mx
y 3 2x 2
y 1 2 (x 3)
Method 1
or
y y1 m(x x1 )
y (1) 2(x 3)
y 1 2(x 3)
PS: First, find the slope.
x1
or
PS: y 3 2 (x 1)
y2 y1
3 (1)
1 3
QP: y 1 2(x 3)
y 1 2x 6
y 1 1 2x 6 1
y 2x 5
QP: First, find the slope.

mx
y 2x 2
y 3 2 (x 1)
y 3 3 2x 2 3
or 2
Method 1
or
y y1 m(x x1 )
1
y (3) 2 [x (1) ]
y 3 2x 2
x1
1 (3)
3 (1)
Method 2
y y1 m(x x1 )
y y1 m(x x1 )
y (3) 2[x (1) ] y 1 2[x (3) ]
y 3 2(x 1)
y 1 2(x 3)
y2 y1
mx
or
2
222
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:04 PM Page 223
66. D; x 3y 15
x 3y x 15 x
3y x 15
3y
3
x 15
3
1
y 3x 5
1
Therefore, m 3 and
Page 291
the line passes through (0, 5).
67. Write the point-slope form. Then solve for y.

y y1 m(x x1)
y (5) m(x 2)
y 5 m(x 2)
y 5 mx 2m
y 5 5 mx 2m 5
y mx 2m 5
68. (1, 3) and (0, 1):
First, find the slope.
y2 y1
mx
m
y2 y1
mx
x1
1 3
(1)
m0
m
or 2
y2 y1
2
m
x1
1 1
1 0
or 2
Write the point-slope form. Then solve for y.

y y1 m(x x1)
y 1 2(x 0)
y 1 2x
y 1 1 2x 1
y 2x 1
(1, 1) and (2, 3):
a5
y2 y1
mx
m
2
v
9
78.
x1
3 (1)
2 1
x1
6 (4)
0 2
10
2
m 5
The point (0, 6) lies on the y-axis. The y-intercept
is 6.
y mx b
y 5x 6
75. The line has slope 0. Find the y-intercept.
y mx b
1 0(1) b
1 0 b
1 b
y mx b
y 0x (1)
y 1
76.
77.
4a 5 15
7 3c 11
4a 5 5 15 5
7 3c 7 11 7
4a 20
3c 18
4a
20
3c
18

3
4
4
3

y y1 m(x x1)
y 1 2(x 0)
y 1 2x
y 1 1 2x 1
y 2x 1
(0, 1) and (1, 1):
mx
72. y mx b
y 2x (5)
y 2x 5
y mx b
4 3(2) b
4 6 b
4 6 6 b 6
10 b
y mx b
y 3x 10
74. Find the slope.
2
v
9
or 2
6 6 14 6
2
v
9
9 2
v
2 9

y y1 m(x x1)
y (1) 2(x 1)
y 1 2(x 1)
y 1 2x 2
y 1 1 2x 2 1
y 2x 1
69. All of the equations are the same.
70. The equation will be y 2x 1; see students
work.
71. Regardless of which two points on a line you
select, the slope-intercept form of the equation
will always be the same.
c 6
6 14
20
1 2 92 (20)
v 90
79. (25 4) (22 13) 21 (4 1)
21 3
7
2 # 1
1
80.
1
The reciprocal of 2 is 2.
81.
10
1
10 1
The reciprocal of 10 is
1
.
10
82. 1 1 1
223
Chapter 5
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:04 PM Page 224
83.
1
1
The reciprocal of 1 is
84.
2
3
5. The line parallel to y x 5 has the same slope,

1. Replace m with 1, and (x1, y1) with (2, 3) in the
point-slope form.
y y1 m(x x1 )
y 3 1(x 2)
y3x2
y33x23
yx1
6. The line parallel to y 2x 1 has the same
slope, 2. Replace m with 2, and (x1, y1) with
(1, 3) in the point-slope form.
y y1 m(x x1 )
y (3) 2(x 1)
y 3 2x 2
y 3 3 2x 2 3
y 2x 5
7. Write the given equation in slope-intercept form.
3x y 4
3x y 3x 4 3x
y 3x 4
The line parallel to y 3x 4 has the same
y y1 m(x x1 )
y 2 3[x (2) ]
y 2 3(x 2)
y 2 3x 6
y 2 2 3x 6 2
y 3x 8
8. Find the slope of each segment.
1 1
3
2
or 1.
1
The reciprocal of
1 92
1
1
2
3
is 2.
85. 9 1 1
1

86.
5
2
51
The reciprocal of
2
1 32
5
2
is 5.
87. 3 2 1
2
Geometry: Parallel and

Perpendicular Lines
5-6
Page 293
Algebra Activity
1. Sample answer: B is 3 units right of the origin

and 6 units up. Therefore, B (3, 6).
2. Sample answer: Find the slope of the line
containing (0, 0) and (3, 6).
y2 y1
mx
x1
6 0
m 3 0 or 2
3. Sample answer: B is 6 units left of the origin and
3 units up. Therefore, B (6, 3).
4. Sample answer: Find the slope of the line
containing (0, 0) and (6, 3).
y2 y1
mx
Slope of BD: m
x1
3 0
0
m 6
6
7

6. They are perpendicular.
7. The x- and y-coordinates are reversed, and the
x-coordinate is multiplied by 1.
8. They are opposite reciprocals.
9. Their product is 1.
1. The slope is
2
which is 3.
Step 2: The slope of the given line is 3. So, the

slope of the line perpendicular to this
1
line is the opposite reciprocal to 3 or 3.
Step 3: Use the point-slope form to find the
equation.
y y m(x x )
1
1
y 1 3[ x (3) ]
y 1 3(x 3)
y 1 3x 9
y 1 1 3x 9 1
y 3x 8
so find the opposite reciprocal of 2,

1
2. Sample answer: 2, 2
3. Parallel lines lie in the same plane and never
intersect. Perpendicular lines intersect at right
angles.
slope, 2. The point (0, 1) lies on the y-axis, so
the y-intercept is 1. Replace m with 2, and b
with 1 in the slope-intercept form.
y mx b
y 2x (1)
y 2x 1
Chapter 5
9. Step 1: The slope of y 3x 2 is 3.

3
,
2
123 2 1.
The line segments are not perpendicular because
or 2
Pages 295296
7 1
6
or 7
(2)
5 3
2
or 3
0 3
Slope of AC: m 5
224
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:04 PM Page 225
10. Step 1:
15. The line parallel to y x 6 has the same

slope, 1.
y y1 m(x x1 )
y 2 1[x (3) ]
y2x3
y22x32
yx5
slope, 2.
y y1 m(x x1 )
y (1) 2(x 4)
y 1 2x 8
y 1 1 2x 8 1
y 2x 9
The slope of y 5x 4 is 5.
3
.
5
Step 2: The slope of the given line is So, the

3
5
line is the opposite reciprocal of 5 or 3.
equation.
y y m(x x )
1
1
5
y (2) 3 (x 6)
5
y 2 3 (x 6)
5
y 2 3x 10
5
y 2 2 3x 10 2
5
y 3x 8

1
slope, 2.
11. Step 1:
Find the slope of the given line.

2x y 5
2x y 2x 5 2x
y 2x 5
Step 2: The slope of the given line is 2. So, the
1
line is the opposite reciprocal of 2 or 2.
y y1 m(x x1 )
1
y (4) 2 [ x (5) ]
1
y 4 2 (x 5)
5
3
2

2
slope, 3.
1
1
y 2 2x 1
y y1 m(x x1 )
2
y 3 3 (x 3)
y 2 2 2x 1 2
1
y 2x 3
y 3 3x 2
12. The slope of the given line is 3. So, the slope of

the line perpendicular to this line is the opposite
1
reciprocal of 3 or 3. Use the point-slope form to
find the equation.
y y1 m(x x1 )
y 3 3 3x 2 3
2
y 3x 1
1

1
slope, 3.
y 5 3 (x 3)
y y1 m(x x1 )
1
y (3) 3 [ x (4) ]
y 5 3x 1
1
y 5 5 3x 1 5
Pages 296297
y 2x 2
y (2) 2 (x 2)
y
y 4 4 2x 2 4

equation.
y y1 m(x x1 )
1
3x
y 4 2x 2
y 3 3 (x 4)
6
13
3
y 3 3x 3
y 3 3 3x 3 3
Practice and Apply
y 3x
13. The line parallel to y x 2 has the same

slope, 1.
y y1 m(x x1 )
y (7) 1(x 2)
y7x2
y77x27
yx9
slope, 2.
y y1 m(x x1 )
y (1) 2(x 2)
y 1 2x 4
y 1 1 2x 4 1
y 2x 5

1
slope, 2 .
y y1 m(x x1 )
1
y 2 2 [ x (1) ]
1
y 2 2 (x 1)
1
y 2 2x 2
y 2 2 2x 2 2
y 2 x 2
225
Chapter 5
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:04 PM Page 226
.25. The lines for x 3 and x 1 are parallel

because all vertical lines are parallel. The lines
2
2
for y 3x 2 and y 3x 3 are parallel because
they have the same slope. Thus, both pairs of
opposite sides are parallel, and the figure is a
parallelogram.
slope, 5. Since the line passes through the origin,
the y-intercept is 0. Use the slope-intercept form.
y mx b
y 5x 0
y 5x
x 3y 8
x 3y x 8 x
3y x 8

2y x 1
2y
2
y
x 1
2
1
1
x
2
2
1

1
slope, 2.
y y1 m(x x1 )
1
y 0 2 [x (3) ]
1
y 2 (x 3)
1
y 2x 2
3y 2x 6
3y
3
y
2x 6
3
2
3x 2
3y
3
y

2
slope, 3.
y 3x (6)
y 3x 6
2
3x
10
3
y 2 3x 3

reciprocal of 1, or 1. Use the point-slope form.
y y m(x x )
1
1
y 0 1[x (2) ]
y (x 2)
y x 2
1

6x y 4
6x y 6x 4 6x
y 6x 4
slope, 6.
y y1 m(x x1 )
y 3 6[ x (2) ]
y 3 6(x 2)
y 3 6x 12
y 3 3 6x 12 3
y 6x 9
3x 4y 4
3x 4y 3x 4 3x
4y 3x 4
4y
4
y
y y1 m(x x1 )
1
y 1 4 (x 1)
y
Chapter 5
y y1 m(x x1 )
1
y 1 3 [x (3) ]
1
y 1 3 (x 3)
1
y 1 3x 1
y 2 4x 2
1
y y1 m(x x1 )
3
y 2 4 (x 2)
3
2
1
2
y 4x 4
3
x
4
3
x
4
y 1 1 4x 4 1

3
slope, 4.
y 1 4x 4
3x 4
4
3
x1
4
y 2 2 3x 3 2
y22
x 8
3
1
8
x3
3

1
slope, 3. The y-intercept is 6. Use the slopeintercept form.
y mx b
y y m(x x )
1
1
2
y 2 3 (x 2)
y
y 1 1 3x 1 1
2
y 3x 2
226
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:04 PM Page 227
1
y y1 m(x x1 )
36. Find the slope of the given line.

3y x 3
3y x x 3 x
3y x 3
3y
3
y 5 8 (x 0)
y
y 5 8x
1
y 8x 5
1

1
y y1 m(x x1 )
y (3) 2(x 1)
y 3 2x 2
y 3 3 2x 2 3
y 2x 1
2
2
3
y y1 m(x x1 )
3
y 7 2 (x 4)
3
y 7 2x 6
3
y 7 7 2x 6 7
y 5x (1)
y 2x 13
y 5x 1

3x 8y 4
3x 8y 3x 4 3x
8y 3x 4
y

5x 7 3y
3y 5x 7
3y
3
3x 4
8
3
1
8x 2
y
y
5x 7
3
5
7
x
3
3
The slope of the line perpendicular to this line is

5
3
the opposite reciprocal of 3, or 5. Use the pointslope form.
y y m(x x )
1
1

3
8
the opposite reciprocal of 8, or 3. The point (0, 4)
lies on the y-axis. Thus, the y-intercept is 4. Use
the slope-intercept form.
y mx b
8
x
3
x 3
3
1
3x 1

1
y y1 m(x x1 )
y (1) 3(x 6)
y 1 3x 18
y 1 1 3x 18 1
y 3x 19
5x y 3
5x y 5x 3 5x
y 5x 3
(1)(y) (1) (5x 3)
y 5x 3
1
the opposite reciprocal of 5, or 5. The point
(0, 1) lies on the y-axis. Thus, the y-intercept is
1. Use the slope-intercept form.
y mx b
y 5 5 8x 5
8y
8
y (2) 5 (x 8)
4
y 2 5x

2x 5y 3
2x 5y 2x 3 2x
5y 2x 3
5y
5
y
y 2 2 5x
y
3
5x
24
5
24
5
14
5
2

3x 7 2x
3x 7 2x 2x 2x
x70
x7707
x 7
This line is vertical. A line perpendicular to a
vertical line is horizontal and has slope 0.
Use the point-slope form.
y y m(x x )
1
1
y (3) 0(x 3)
y30
y3303
y 3
2x 3
5
2
3
x
5
5

2
5
y y m(x x )
1
1
5
y 7 2 [x (2) ]
5
y 7 2 (x 2)
5
y 7 2x 5
5
y 7 7 2x 5 7
5
y 2x 2
227
Chapter 5
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:05 PM Page 228
46. Write each equation in slope-intercept form.

y ax 5
2y (a 4)x 1

3x 6y 2
3x 6y 3x 2 3x
6y 3x 2
6y
6
y
2y
2
y
3x 2
6
1
1
2x 3
2 10
3 9
a
(2)a
or 2
2x
2
4x
The line perpendicular to y 2x 8 and passing
1
through its x-intercept has slope 2 and passes
through (4, 0). Use the point-slope form.
1
2x 14
3
2
y 3x
Page 297
y
y 7 5[x (4) ]
y 7 5(x 4)
y y1 m(x x1 )
52.
2x 2
3
2
2
x
3
3
y (3) 2 [x (1) ]
2
,
3
The slopes are both so the two graphs are

parallel.
44. The slope of y 5x is 5. The slope of
y 5x 18 is 5. The slopes are not the same,
and 5(5) 1. Therefore, the two graphs are
neither parallel nor perpendicular.
45. Find the slope of each segment.
3 (3)
(1)
1 1
3 (3)
Slope of AC : m 1
or 3
Slope of BD : m
or 3
y 3 2 (x 1)
The diagonals AC and BD are perpendicular

1
because 3 (3) 1.
Chapter 5
50. y y1 m(x x1 )
y 5 2(x 3)
51. y y1 m(x x1 )
3y 2x 2
3x 24
4
3
4x 6
49. C; The y-intercept of y 3x 4 is 4. The

y-intercept of y 3x 2 is 2. The slope of both
lines is 3. Therefore, to graph y 3x 2 change
the y-intercept from 4 to 2.
2x 3y 2x 2 2x
3y
3
y
14
3

3
4
the opposite reciprocal of 4 or 3.

y 2x 11
y 2x 23
y 2x 2x 23 2x
y 2x 23
The slopes are both 2, so the two graphs are
parallel.
3y 2x 14
2x 3y 2
4y
4
y 0 2 (x 4) or y 2x 2
3y
3
a 4
2
a 4
(2) 2
2a a 4
2a a a 4 a
a4
47. If two equations have the same slope, then the
lines are parallel. Answers should include the
following.
Sample answer: y 5x 1; The graphs
have the same slope.
1
Sample answer: y 5x; The slopes are
negative reciprocals of each other.
48. D; Write the given equation in slope-intercept
form.
3x 4y 24
3x 4y 3x 24 3x
4y 3x 24
Use the point-slope form to write its equation.

y 10 2(x 9) or y 2x 8
To find the x-intercept, let y 0.
0 2x 8
0 8 2x 8 8
8 2x
8
2
(a 4)x 1
2
a 4
1
x
2
2
The lines are parallel if the slopes are equal.

1
the opposite reciprocal of 2, or 2. The y-intercept
is 2. Use the slope-intercept form.
y mx b
y 2x (2)
y 2x 2
41. Find the slope of the line through (9, 10) and
(3, 2).
m
228
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:05 PM Page 229
58. Find the slope of the line.

(10, 3.19) and (15, 4.29).
Find the slope.
m
m
1 5
m 8 5 or 2
y mx b
5 2(5) b
5 10 b
5 10 10 b 10
15 b
y mx b
y 2x 15
4.29 3.19
15 10
1.1
5
m 0.22
y mx b
3.19 0.22(10) b
3.19 2.2 b
3.19 2.2 2.2 b 2.2
0.99 b
y mx b
y 0.22x 0.99
Therefore, using m for the number of
minutes and C for the total cost, the equation is
C 0.22m 0.99.
54. y 0.22x 0.99
y 0.22(12) 0.99
y 3.63
The cost of a 12-minute call is $3.63.
m
3 (1)
3 5
9 9
m 4 6 or 0
y mx b
9 0(6) b
9b
y mx b
y 0x 9
y9
2 4
(6)
m2
or 2
or
3
4

y mx b

y mx b
4 4 (6) b
1 2 (5) b
42b
422b2
1 2 b
5
1 2 2 b
3
2
5
2
2 b
b

y mx b

y mx b
1
1 12
y 4x 2
y 2x 2
y 4x 2

0 2
m 8 0 or 4
Page 297
The point (0, 2) lies on the y-axis. The y-intercept

is 2.
y mx b
1
y 4x 2
m
4 1
3 2
Practice Quiz 2
1. Use the slope-intercept form.

y mx b
y 4x (3)
y 4x 3
y mx b
3 2(1) b
3 2 b
3 2 2 b 2
5 b
y mx b
y 2x (5)
y 2x 5
or 5

y mx b
1 5(2) b
1 10 b
1 10 10 b 10
11 b
y mx b
y 5x 11
229
Chapter 5
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:05 PM Page 230
2a. Sample answer:
3. Find the slope.

m
3 (2)
1 (1)
5
2
or

y mx b
5
3 2 (1) b
5
32b
5
1
2
b
2b. Sample answer:

y

y mx b
5
322b2
y 2x 2
slope, 2. Use the point-slope form.
y y1 m(x x1 )
y 3 2[x (2) ]
y 3 2(x 2)
y 3 2x 4
y 3 3 2x 4 3
y 2x 7
5. Standard form:
2c. Sample answer:

y
y 4 2 (x 3)
2(y 4) 2
112 2 (x 3)
2y 8 1(x 3)
2y 8 x 3
2y 8 8 x 3 8
2y x 11
2y x x 11 x
x 2y 11
(1)(x 2y) (1)11
x 2y 11
3. Linear extrapolation predicts values outside the

range of the data. Linear interpolation predicts
values inside the range of the data.
4. The graph shows a positive correlation. As the
number of hours of study increases, the test score
increases.
5. The graph shows a negative correlation. As the
number of hours of TV increases, the number of
hours of exercise decreases.
6. Let the independent variable x be the air
temperature, and let the dependent variable y be
the body temperature.
The scatter plot seems to indicate that as the air
temperature increases, the body temperature
increases. There is a positive correlation between
the two variables.
y 4 2 (x 3)
1
11
2
y 4 2x 2
y 4 4 2x 2 4
y 2x
Statistics: Scatter Plots

and Lines of Fit
Page 299
Body Temperature (C)
5-7
Algebra Activity

Pages 301302
40
30
20
10
0
1. If the data points form a linear pattern such that

y increases as x increases, there is a positive
correlation. If the linear pattern shows that y
decreases as x increases, there is a negative
correlation.
Chapter 5
230
10
20
30 40
Air Temperature (C)
15. Use the equation y 2.15x 4285.45.

y 2.15x 4285.45
y 2.15(2002) 4285.45
y 18.85
The number of bushels of apples in storage in
2002 will be about 18.85 million.
16. Find the slope.
Body Temperature (C)
7. No one line will pass through all of the data

points. Draw a line that passes close to the points.
35
30
25
20
15
y2 y1
mx
10
0
m
15 20 25 30 35
Air Temperature (C)
m

y y1 m(x x1 )
8. The line of fit passes through the data points

(26.2, 25.6) and (31.2, 31.0).
Step 1: Find the slope.
y 6000 1200(x 5)
y 6000 1200x 6000
y 6000 6000 1200x 6000 6000
y 1200x 12,000
17. Use the equation y 1200x 12,000.
y 1200x 12,000
y 1200(7) 12,000
y 3600
The price of a 7-year-old car should be about $3600.
18.
y2 y1
mx
m
m
x1
31.0 25.6
31.2 26.2
5.4
or 1.08
5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Number of Carbon Atoms
19. Draw a line that passes close to the points.

120
90
60
30
0
30
60
90
120
Practice and Apply

year increases, the percentage of forms returned
decreases.
11. The graph shows no correlation.
year increases, the number of electronic tax
returns increases.
amount of sugar increases, the number of calories
increases.
14. Find the slope.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Number of Carbon Atoms
20. We use the data points (3, 42) and (6, 69).
Find the slope.
y2 y1
y2 y1
mx
mx
x1
m
12.4 8.1
m 1999 1997
4.3
2
120
90
60
30
0
30
60
90
120
Boiling Point (C)
Pages 302305
Boiling Point (C)
Step 2: Use m 1.08 and the point-slope form

to write the equation. You can use either
data point. We chose (26.2, 25.6).
y y1 m(x x1 )
y 25.6 1.08(x 26.2)
y 25.6 1.08x 28.296
y 25.6 25.6 1.08x 28.296 25.6
y 1.08x 2.696
9. Use the equation y 1.08x 2.696, where x is
the air temperature and y is the body
temperature.
y 1.08x 2.696
y 1.08(40.2) 2.696
y 40.72
The body temperature would be about 40.1F.
m
x1
6000 9600
5 2
3600
or 1200
3
m
or 2.15
x1
69 (42)
6 3
111
or 37
3

y y m(x x )
1
1
y 69 37(x 6)
y 69 37x 222
y 69 69 37x 222 69
y 37x 153

y y1 m(x x1 )
y 8.1 2.15(x 1997)
y 8.1 2.15x 4293.55
y 8.1 8.1 2.15x 4293.55 8.1
y 2.15x 4285.45
231
Chapter 5
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:05 PM Page 232
27. Use the equation y 0.5125x 4.5. The year

2005 is 25 years after 1980.
y 0.5125x 4.5
y 0.5125(25) 4.5
y 17.3125
The federal spending on space and other
technologies in 2005 will be about $17.3 billion.
28. Sample answer: The governments prediction is
$17.3 $14.3 or $3 billion less.
29.
800
251.4
37
Acres Burned (thousands)
21. Use the equation y 37x 153.

y 37x 153
y 37(1) 153
y 116
The boiling point for methane should be
about 116
C.
y 37x 153
y 37(5) 153
y 32
The boiling point for pentane should be
about 32
C.
y 37x 153
98.4 37x 153
98.4 153 37x 153 153
251.4 37x
Acres Burned (thousands)
Spending (billions of dollars)

Spending (billions of dollars)
10
20
30
Rainfall (in.)
800
600
400
200
0
10
20
30
Rainfall (in.)
31. We use the points (12.7, 340) and (17.5, 194). Find
the slope.
y2 y1
mx
79 8085909500
Year
m
m
12
10
8
6
4
0
80 85 90 95 00
Year
26. We use the points (0, 4.5) and (16, 12.7).

Find the slope.
y2 y1
mx
x1
12.7 4.5
16 0
8.2
or 0.5125
16
The y-intercept is 4.5. Use the slope-intercept

form.
y mx b
y 0.5125x 4.5
Chapter 5
x1
194 340
17.5 12.7
146
4.8
m 30.4
y y m(x x )
1
1
y 194 30.4(x 17.5)
y 194 30.4x 532
y 194 194 30.4x 532 194
y 30.4x 726
32. Use the equation y 30.4x 726.
y 30.4x 726
y 30.4(8.25) 726
y 475.2
The number of acres burned in 2000 should be
about 475 thousand acres.
33. The data point lies beyond the main grouping of
data points. It can be ignored as an extreme
value.
14
m
200
m
400
37x
37
7x
The number of carbon atoms in heptane should be
about 7.
24. The scatter plot seems to indicate that as the year
increases, federal spending increases. There is a
positive correlation between the two variables.
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
600
232
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:05 PM Page 233
34.
48.
Incorrect Answers
20
16
49.
12
8
50.
4
0
4
8
12 16
Correct Answers
20
35. See students work. 36. See students work.

37. You can visualize a line to determine whether the
data has a positive or negative correlation.
y
Height
51.
O
Age
38.
39.
40.
41.
43.
Write a linear equation for the line of fit. Then

substitute the persons height and solve for the
corresponding age.
D; Graph D shows a negative correlation. As the
value of x increases, the value of y decreases.
B; The equation y 2x 3 represents a line that
passes through the points (1, 5), (2, 7), and (4, 11),
and lies close to the point (3, 7). Each of the other
three equations represents a line that does not
pass as close to the four points.
Sample answer: Cities with greater north
latitudes have lower January temperatures.
See students work. 42. See students work.
See students work. 44. See students work.
Page 305
52.
y y1 m(x x1 )
y (2) 3(x 1)
y 2 3(x 1)
y y1 m(x x1 )
y (3) 1[ x (3) ]
y3x3
To find the x-intercept, let
3x 4y 12
3x 4(0) 12
3x 12
x4
To find the y-intercept, let
3x 4y 12
3(0) 4y 12
4y 12
y3
2x 5y 8
2x 5(0) 8
2x 8
x4
2x 5y 8
2(0) 5y 8
5y 8
y 1.6
y 3x 6
0 3x 6
3x 6
x 2
y 3x 6
y 3(0) 6
y6
53.
12
r 7
4
r 7
4
y 0.
x 0.
y 0.
x 0.
y 0.
x 0.
r 2
6
2 121r 6 2 2
3(r 7) 2(r 2)
3r 21 2r 4
3r 21 2r 2r 4 2r
5r 21 4
5r 21 21 4 21
5r 25

slope, 4. Use the point-slope form.
y y1 m(x x1 )
y 5 4[x (2) ]
y 5 4(x 2)
y 5 4x 8
y 5 5 4x 8 5
y 4x 3
1
reciprocal of 2, or 2. The y-intercept is 0. Use the
slope-intercept form.
y mx b
5r
5
25
5
r 5
54.
3
n (4)
3
n (4)
3
7
2 3 (7)
n (4) 21
n (4) (4) 21 (4)
n 25
y 2x 0
1
y 2x
47. y y m(x x )
1
1
y 3 2[x (2) ]
y 3 2(x 2)
233
Chapter 5
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:05 PM Page 234
55.
35
2x 1
5
2x 1
5
4x 5
7
4x 5
35 7
2 1
4. Enter the number of votes cast in 1996 in L1

and the number of votes cast in 2000 in L2.
STAT ENTER 14,447 ENTER

ENTER
19,458
28,674 ENTER 31,658 ENTER
32,739 ENTER 46,543 ENTER 49,186 ENTER
KEYSTROKES:
7(2x 1) 5(4x 5)
14x 7 20x 25
14x 7 20x 20x 25 20x
6x 7 25
6x 7 7 25 7
6x 18
6x
6
69,208 ENTER 103,429 ENTER 103,574
ENTER
18
6
x3
Page 307

126,911 ENTER 123,466
Find the regression equation by selecting
LinReg (ax b) on the STAT CALC menu.

4 ENTER
The regression equation is about y 1.23x
3414.80.
The data are already in Lists 1 and 2. Find
the median-fit equation by using Med-Med on
the STAT CALC menu.
KEYSTROKES:
1. Enter the number of years since 1985 in L1

and the number of bald eagle pairs in L2.
STAT ENTER 3 ENTER 5

ENTER
2500 ENTER 3000 ENTER 3700
KEYSTROKES:
Find the regression equation by selecting

LinReg(ax b) on the STAT CALC menu.
4 ENTER
The regression equation is about
y 309.48x 1555.88.
The data are already in Lists 1 and 2. Find
the median-fit equation by using Med-Med on
the STAT CALC menu.
STAT
STAT
According to the median-fit equation, the number

of votes in that county in 2000 was about 23,882.
The estimates both show the number of votes
increasing from 1996 to 2000. But both are far
from the actual number.

Page 308
1. direct variation
3. parallel
5. slope-intercept
Pages 308312
2. rise; run
4. point-slope
6. y-intercept
7. Let (1, 3) (x1, y1) and (2, 6) (x2, y2).

y2 y1
mx x
2
m
234
6 3
1
9
or 3
3
m 2
Chapter 5
STAT
According to the regression equation, the number

of votes in that county in 2000 was about 24,753.
Graph the median-fit equation.
Find y when x 22,839 using value on the
CALC menu.
CALC 1 22,839 ENTER
KEYSTROKES: 2nd
3 ENTER
The median-fit equation is about
y 311.76x 1537.25.
2. The correlation coefficient of y 309.48x
1555.88 is 0.9970385087. The data are very
nearly linear.
3. Graph the regression equation.
Find y when x 13 using value on the CALC
menu.
CALC 1 13 ENTER
KEYSTROKES: 2nd
According to the regression equation, the
number of bald eagle pairs was about 5579.
Graph the median-fit equation.
Find y when x 13 using value on the CALC
menu.
CALC 1 13 ENTER
KEYSTROKES: 2nd
According to the median-fit equation, the number
of bald eagle pairs was about 5590.
Both predictions are close to the prediction in
Example 4. But these predictions show fewer
pairs of eagles in 1998.
KEYSTROKES:
STAT
3 ENTER
The median-fit equation is about
y 1.24x 4454.74.
5. Graph the regression equation.
Find y when x 22,839 using value on the
CALC menu.
CALC 1 22,839 ENTER
KEYSTROKES: 2nd
KEYSTROKES:
KEYSTROKES:
16,284 ENTER 19,281 ENTER
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:05 PM Page 235
8. Let (0, 5) (x1, y1) and (6, 2) (x2, y2).

y2 y1
mx x
2

4
2 5
m60
m
3
6
4
1
or 2
9. Let (6, 4) (x1, y1) and (6, 2) (x2, y2).
y2 y1
mx
m
m
x1
2 4
6 (6)
6
0
y 4x

undefined.
10. Let (8, 3) (x1, y1) and (2, 3) (x2, y2).
y2 y1
mx
m
m
x1
1
3
3 (3)
2 8
0
or 0
10

11. Let (2.9, 4.7) (x1, y1) and (0.5, 1.1) (x2, y2).
y2 y1
mx x
2
y 13 x
1.1 4.7
m 0.5 2.9
3.6
m 2.4 or 1.5
12. Let
112, 12 (x1, y1) and 11, 23 2 (x2, y2).
y2 y1
mx
m
m
2
3
x1
1
1
1 2
1
3
3
2

1
4
or 9
1
4

2
21

y
y 14 x
y 2x
O

3
2

y
y 32 x
O
235
Chapter 5
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:05 PM Page 236

2
2 or 1. From (0, 1) move up 2 units and right
points.

4
3
4
3
y
y 2x 1
x
y 43 x

y kx
6 k(9)
6
9
2
3
k(9)
9
15
2
15
2
k
Therefore, y
2
3x.

y kx
4 k(4)
k(2)
2
k
Therefore, y

y kx
6 k(18)
1 k
Therefore, y x.
Therefore, y 3x.
k(4)
4

y kx
10 k(5)
10
5
k(5)
5
2 k
y x 5
15
x.
2
6
18
1
3
4
4

1
1 or 1 . From (0, 5) move down 1 unit and right
points.

y kx
15 k(2)
k

1
. From (0, 3) move up 1 unit and right 2 units.
2

y kx
7 k(14)
7
14
1
2
k(18)
18
k(14)
14
y 1 x 3
2
k
1
25.
26.
27.
28.
Therefore, y 2x.
Therefore, y 2x.
Replace m with 3 and b with 2.
y mx b
y 3x 2
y mx b
y 1x (3)
yx3
y mx b
y 0x 4
y4
1
y mx b
4
4
is 3 or 3. From (0, 1) move up 4 units and left
points.
y
y 4x 1
y3x2

y mx b
y 0.5x (0.3)
y 0.5x 0.3
y mx b
y 1.3x 0.4
Chapter 5
236
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:05 PM Page 237

y mx b
35. Solve for y.

5x 3y 3
5x 3y 5x 3 5x
3y 5x 3
3y
3
y
6 2(1) b
1
62b
5x 3
3
5
x
1
3
11
2
b
622b2

5
. From (0, 1) move up 5 units and right 3 units.
3

y mx b
1
y 2x
11
2

y mx b
3
3 5(4) b
5x 3y 3
12
3 5 b
12
5
3
5
3
The y-intercept
3
1 2
y 5x 5
41. Find the slope.

y2 y1
1 2. The slope is
So, graph 0,
mx
9
2
m
3 or 1 . From
move down 3 units and right
points.
m
x1
12 2
1 (4)
10
or 2
5

y mx b
12 2(1) b
12 2 b
12 2 2 b 2
10 b
y mx b
y 2x 10
42. Find the slope.
y
6x 2 y 9
1 32
9
is 2.
9
0, 2
b
y 5x 5
6x 9
2
y 3x 2
12
5

y mx b
36. Solve for y.

6x 2y 9
6x 2y 6x 9 6x
2y 6x 9
2y
2
12
5 b
y2 y1

y mx b
3 1(3) b
3 3 b
3 3 3 b 3
6b
y mx b
y 1x 6
yx6
38. The point (0, 6) lies on the y-axis. The y-intercept is 6.
y mx b
y 2x 6
mx
x1
5 0
m45
5
m 1 or 5
y mx b
0 5(5) b
0 25 b
0 25 25 b 25
25 b
y mx b
y 5x 25
237
Chapter 5
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:06 PM Page 238

slope, 3.
y y1 m(x x1 )
y 6 3(x 4)
y 6 3x 12
y 6 6 3x 12 6
y 3x 6
slope, 2.
y y1 m(x x1 2
y (62 2(x 62
y 6 2x 12
y 6 6 2x 12 6
y 2x 6
slope, 6.
y y m(x x )
1
1
y 2 6(x 1)
y 2 6x 6
y 2 2 6x 6 2
y 6x 8

y mx b
1 0(8) b
1 b
y mx b
y 0x (1)
y 1
44. Find the y intercept.
y mx b
6 0(4) b
6b
y mx b
y 0x 6
y6
Therefore, the equation is y 6.
45. y y m(x x )
46. y y m(x x )
1
1
1
1
y 6 5(x 4)
y 4 2[ x (1) ]
y 4 2(x 1)
47.
y y1 m(x x1 ) 48.
y y1 m(x x1 )
1
y (4) 2 (x 1)
y 4 2 (x 1)
y (3) 2 (x 5)
y 3 2 (x 5)
49.
57. The line parallel to y 12 x 2 has the same

5
slope, 12. The point (0, 4) lies on the y-axis. The
y-intercept is 4.
y mx b
5
5
y y1 m(x x1 )
1
y (2) 3 x 4
1 2
1
y 2 31x 4 2
y 12 x 4
4x y 7
4x y 4x 7 4x
y 4x 7
(1)(y) (1)(4x 7)
y 4x 7
slope, 4.
y y1 m(x x1 )
y (1) 4(x 2)
y 1 4x 8
y 1 1 4x 8 1
y 4x 9
3x 9y 1
3x 9y 3x 1 3x
9y 3x 1
y y1 m(x x1 )
y (2) 0(x 4)
y20
51.
y 1 2(x 1)
y 1 2x 2
y 1 1 2x 2 1
y 2x 3
y 2x 2x 3 2x
2x y 3
(1)(2x y) (1)3
2x y 3
50.
52.
y 6 3(x 9)
3( y 6) 3
113 2(x 9)
3y 18 x 9
3y 18 18 x 9 18
3y x 27
3y x x 27 x
x 3y 27
(1)(x 3y) (1)(27)
x 3y 27
53.
y 4 1.5(x 4)
2( y 4) 2(1.5)(x 4)
2y 8 3(x 4)
2y 8 3x 12
2y 8 8 3x 12 8
2y 3x 20
2y 3x 3x 20 3x
3x 2y 20
(1)(3x 2y) (1)(20)
3x 2y 20
Chapter 5
9y
9
y
3x 1
9
1
1
3x 9
1

1
slope, 3.
y y1 m(x x1 )
1
y 0 3(x 3)
1
y 3x 1
238
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:06 PM Page 239

5y x 1

1
reciprocal of 4 or 4.
y y1 m(x x1 )
5y
5
y
y 3 4(x 1)
1
13
4

1
y y1 m(x x1 )
y (5) 5(x 2)
y 5 5x 10
y 5 5 5x 10 5
y 5x 15
y 3 4x 4
y 3 3 4x 4 3
y 4x
1
reciprocal of 2 or 2. The point (0,3) lies on the
y-axis. The y-intercept is 3.
y mx b
Weight (long tons)
66.
y 2x (3)
1
y 2x 3
2

2
5
y y m(x x )
1
1
Weight (long tons)
y 5 2x 5
5
y 5 5 2x 5 5
5
y 2x
y 2.5x
2x 7y 1
2x 7y 2x 1 2x
7y 2x 1
y
60
50
40
30
20
10
10
0
0 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
Length (ft)
y (5) 2(x 2)
7y
7
x 1
5
1
1
5x 5
60
50
40
30
20
10
68. We use points (40, 25) and (52, 45).

Find the slope.
2x 1
7
2
1
x7
7
y2 y1
mx
m

y y m(x x )
y 0 2 [x (4) ]
y 2(x 4)
7
y 25 3x

8x 3y 7
8x 3y 8x 7 8x
3y 8x 7
y
y 25 25 3x
y
y 3x
5
13
2
125
3
y 383
125
.
3
125
3
y 3(482
y 5 8(x 4)
3
25
69. Use the equation y 3x

8
3
y y m(x x )
1
1
3
5
x
3
200
3
200
3
125
3
Using W for weight and / for length, the equation is

5
125
W 3x 3 .
8x 7
3
8
7
x3
3
The weight of a 48-foot humpback whale is about

1
383 long tons.
y 5 8x 2
y 5 5 8x 2 5
y 8x
y 25 3(x 40)
y 2x 14
x1
45 25
40
20
5
or 3
12
m 52

2
7
y y m(x x )
1
1
3y
3
35 40 45 50 55 60
Length (ft)
239
Chapter 5
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:06 PM Page 240
70. Use the equation y 3x

5
y 3x
125
.
3

2
2 or 1. From (0, 3) move up 2 units and right
points.
125
3
y 3(12)
125
3
y 213
The weight of a 12-foot humpback whale is about
2
213 long tons. The prediction is not accurate. A
negative weight is not reasonable.
y
y 2x 3

Page 313
1. Vertical lines have no slope.
2. Sample answer:
10. Solve for y.

2x 3y 9
2x 3y 2x 9 2x
3y 2x 9
3y
3
y
2x 9
3
2
3x 3
2
The y-intercept of y 3x 3 is 3. So, graph

2
2
(0, 3). The slope is 3 or 3 . From (0, 3) move
down 2 units and right 3 units. Draw a dot. Draw
a line containing the points.
3. The slope represents the rate of change.

4. Let (5, 8) (x1, y1) and (3, 7) (x2, y2).
y2 y1
mx
m
m
x1
2x 3y 9
78
3 5
1
1
or 8
8
5. Let (5, 2) (x1, y1) and (3, 2) (x2, y2).
y2 y1
mx
m
m
x1
2 (2)
35
0
or 0
2
11. The temperature is expected to fall 2

each hour,
so the rate of change is 2
each hour. At
midnight the temperature is 16
F.
6. Let (6, 3) (x1, y1) and (6, 4) (x2, y2).

y2 y1
mx x
2
m
m
number of hours
temperature
rate of
Temperature
equals
change times after42444
midnight
plus at44244
midnight.
14
44244
43 1
424
3 14243 123 1444
43 123 14
43
6
9
2
3

3
is 3 or 1. From (0, 1) move up 3 units and right
1 unit. Draw a dot. Draw a line containing the points.
k(92
12
4
16
Therefore, y
8
8
y 3x 1
2
x.
3
k(8)
8
1 k
Therefore, y x.
240
k(4)
4
3 k
k

y kx
8 k(8)
Chapter 5
2
Therefore, the equation is T 2h + 16.

y kx
y kx
6 k(9)
12 k(4)

undefined.
7. The rate is $9.95 per month. Therefore, the direct
variation equation is C 0.95m.
4 (3)
66
7
0
Therefore, y 3x.
15. y mx b
y 4x 3
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:06 PM Page 241
16. Find the slope.

m
3 (5)
8 (2)
or
21. The scatter plot seems to indicate that as the

number of dog years increases, the number of
human years increases. There is a positive
correlation between the two variables.
1
5

y mx b
3 5(8) b
8
3 5 b
8
Human Years
3 5 b
23
5 b
y mx b
1
23
y 5x 5
1
x
5
23
5

y
17. Solve the given equation for y.
3x 7y 4
3x 7y 3x 4 3x
7y 3x 4
y
3x 4
7
3
4
7x 7
3

3
slope, 7.
y y1 m(x x1 )
3
y (2) 7(x 5)
3
y 2 7x
3
y 2 2 7x
3
y 7x
15
7
15
7
1
7
2
y
4
6
Dog Years
y
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
4
6
Dog Years
23. We use the points (1, 15) and (7, 47).

Find the slope.
18. The line has slope 0.

y y1 m(x x1 )
y (8) 0(x 5)
y80
y8808
y 8
5x 3y 9
5x 3y 5x 9 5x
3y 5x 9
3y
3
Human Years
7y
7
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
m
47 15
7 1
or
16
3
Use the point-slope form to write the equation.

y y m(x x )
1
16
(x 1)
3
16
16
y 15 3 x 3
16
16
y 15 15 3 x 3 15
16
29
y 3x 3
16
29
Use the equation y 3 x 3 .
16
29
y 3x 3
16
29
y 3 (13) 3
y 15
24.
5x 9
3
5
x
3
3

5
3
the opposite reciprocal of 3 or 5. The y-intercept
is 0.
y mx b
y 79
The number of human years comparable to 13 dog
years is 79.
4
25. B; The y-intercept of y 3x 3 is 3. Therefore,

the line represented by this equation passes
through (0, 3) not (0, 4).
y 5x 0
3
y 5x
20. y y1 m(x x1 )
y 3 2[ x (4) ]
y 3 2(x 4)
241
Chapter 5
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:06 PM Page 242

y mx b
7 2(3) b
76b
766b6
1b
y mx b
y 2x 1
9. D; The line parallel to y 3x 4 has the same
slope, 3. The slope of y 3x 5 is 3.
10. Let x the lowest score.
Twice
the lowest score
minus
12
is
98.
14444244443
123
{
{
123
2x

12

98

Pages 314315
1. B; The amount of the persons salary that is spent
is $(x y). The fraction of the salary that is spent
is the ratio of the amount spent to the total salary
x y
or x .
2. A; 2x 7y 2(5) 7(4)
10 7(4)
10 28
38
3. D;
5x 6 10
5x 6 6 10 6
5x 4
5x
5
5
2x 12 98
2x 12 12 98 12
2x 110
x5
4. C; Mean age

8(12 10(32 14(22 16(12 17(22

1 3 2 1 2
2x
2
116
9
8
129
8
To find the median age, order the numbers from

least to greatest.
8, 10, 10, 10, 14, 14, 16, 17, 17
The median age is 14.
The mode is 10.
Therefore, mean age median age.
5. D; When the difference in the x values is 1, the
difference in the y values is 1. When the
difference in the x values is 2, the difference in
the y values is 2. This suggests that y x.
Check this equation. If x 3, then y (3) or
3. But the y value for x 3 is 4. This is a
difference of 1. Try some other values in the
domain to see if the same difference occurs.
2
2
3
0
0
1
2y
2
The y-intercept
4 6
m 0 (12
m
1
3
5
1 3 5
0 2 4
y
y
21
y
2 1
1 2
13.
14.
2 2 2(1)
y 2
7 4
7. A; m 4 2
15.
1
m 6 or 2
8. C; Find the slope.
21 7
16.
14
7
17.
m 10 3
m
Chapter 5
3x 3
2
3
3
2x 2
3
is 2 or 1.5.
12. Use the points (1, 6) and (0, 4) to find the

equation of the line.
Find the slope.
21
y
y is always 1 more than the opposite of x.

6. B; To find the y-intercept, let x 0.
x
3
0
3
110
2
x 55
The lowest score was 55.
11. Solve for y.
3x 2y 3
3x 2y 3x 3 3x
2y 3x 3
The mean age is 129.
x
x
y
or 2
242
2
1
or 2
The point (0, 4) lies on the y-axis.

y mx b
y 2x 4
Use the equation y 2x + 4 with x 5.
y 2x 4
y 2(5) 4
y 6
The y-coordinate of the point (5, y) is 6.
The slope is 2.
A; 2(x 6) 2x 12
2x 6 6
Therefore, 2(x 6) is 6 more than 2x 6.
D; Let x 3. The |x| 3 and |x 1| 4.
Let x 3. Then |x| 3 and |x 1| 2.
Therefore, the relationship cannot be determined.
C; Two nonvertical lines are parallel if they have
the some slope.
B; The slope of y 2x is 2. The slope of the
line perpendicular to y 2x is the opposite
1
PQ249-6481F-05[217-243] 7/31/02 10:06 PM Page 243
18c. Evaluate each equation when m 100.

For Plan 1: C 0.59m
C 0.59 (1002
C 59
For Plan 2: C 0.39m 10
C 0.39 (1002 10
C 49
For Plan 3: C 59.95
Your friend should enroll in Plan 2.
When m 100, the cost is least for Plan 2.
18a. For Plan 1:

Monthly
rate of
number of
monthly
cost
plus
fee.
equals change times minutes
14243 123 14243 123 14243 123 14243
.

C
0.59
m

0
The equation for Plan 1 is C 0.59m.

For Plan 2:
monthly
Monthly
rate of
number of
fee.
cost
plus
123 14243 123 14243 123 14243
.

C
0.39
m

10
14243
The equation for Plan 2 is C 0.39m 10.

For plan 3:
Monthly
rate of
number of
monthly
cost
plus
fee.
123 14243 123 14243 123 14243
.

C
0
m

59.95
14243
The equation for Plan 3 is C 59.95.

18b. The graph of C 0.59m passes through (0, 0)
with slope 0.59. The graph of C 0.39m 10
passes through (0, 10) with slope 0.39. The
graph of C 59.95 passes through (0, 59.95)
with slope 0.
C
60
50
C 59.95
40
C 0.59m
30
C 0.39m 10
20
10
20
40
60
80
100
243
Chapter 5
PQ249-6481F-06[244-272] 24/7/02 05:06 PM Page 244 Sahuja Ahuja_QXP_13:InProcess_AQ13:Sunita_23/24/7/02:PQ249-06-ReproPages:PQ249-06-Art:
Chapter 6
Page 317
Solving Linear Inequalities

Getting Started
t 31 84
t 31 31 84 31
t 53
b 17 23
2.
b 17 17 23 17
b 40
3.
18 27 f
18 27 27 f 27
9 f
1.
2(n 3)
13.
d32
4.
14.
d3323
7
d 6 or 1 6
15.
3r 45 4r
3r 45 3r 4r 3r
45 r
6.
5m 7 4m 12
5m 7 4m 4m 12 4m
m 7 12
m 7 7 12 7
m 19
7.
3y 4 16
3y 4 4 16 4
3y 12
5.
3y
3
16.
17.
18.
12
3
y4
8. 2a 5 3a 4
5a4
5a545
a 1
(1)(a) (1)(1)
a1
1
k
2
9.
1
k
2
11
1 2 2(11)
21.
k 22
4.3b 1.8 8.25
4.3b 1.8 1.8 8.25 1.8
4.3b 6.45
4.3b
4.3
11.
20.
4474
2
10.
19.
47
1
k
2
1
k
2
6 2x
2
y3x
table.
6.45
4.3
x
2
0
1
3
5
16
4
s4
Chapter 6
n 1
2
n 1
2 2
2n 6 n 1
2n 6 n n 1 n
n61
n6616
n7
8 is eight units from zero in the negative
direction.
|8| 8
20 is twenty units from zero in the positive
direction.
|20| 20
30 is thirty units from zero in the negative
direction.
|30| 30
1.5 is one and five-tenths units from zero in the
negative direction.
|1.5| 1.5
|14 7| |7|
7 is seven units from zero in the positive
direction.
|14 7| |7| 7
|1 16| |15|
15 is fifteen units from zero in the negative
direction.
|1 16| |15| 15
|2 3| |1|
1 is one unit from zero in the negative
direction.
|2 3| |1| 1
|7 10| |3|
3 is three units from zero in the negative
direction.
|7 10| |3| 3
Solve the equation for y.
2x 2y 6
2x 2y 2x 6 2x
2y 6 2x
2y
2
b 1.5
6s 12 2(s 2)
6s 12 2s 4
6s 12 2s 2s 4 2s
4s 12 4
4s 12 12 4 12
4s 16
4s
4
n3
12.
244
3
3
3
3
3
3x
(2)
0
1
3
5
y
5
3
2
0
2
(x, y)
(2, 5)
(0, 3)
(1, 2)
(3, 0)
(5, 2)

the points.

the points.
y
2x 2y 6
y 2x 3

table.

x 3y 3
x 3y x 3 x
3y 3 x
3y
3
3 x
3
1
1 3x
y
x
3
1
0
2
4

table.
1
1 3x
(x, y)
6
1 3 (6)
1
(6, 1)
4
1 3 (4)
3
3
1 3 (3)
13
1 3 (0)
1 3 (1)
14, 13 2
(x, y)
(3, 4)
(1, 4)
(0, 4)
(2, 4)
(4, 4)
y
4
4
4
4
4

the points.
y
(3, 0)
(0, 1)
13, 1 13 2
y 4

the points.
y
x 3y 3
x 2 y
O
(2)(x) (2) 2 y
2x y
table.
x
2
1
0
1
2

table.
x
1
0
1
2
3
2x 3
2(1) 3
2(0) 3
2(1) 3
2(2) 3
2(3) 3
y
5
3
1
1
3
(x, y)
(1, 5)
(0, 3)
(1, 1)
(2, 1)
(3, 3)
245
2x
2(2)
2(1)
2(0)
2(1)
2(2)
y
4
2
0
2
4
(x, y)
(2, 4)
(1, 2)
(0, 0)
(1, 2)
(2, 4)
Chapter 6

them.

the points.
y
y
x 12 y
15 3(x y )

3x 6 2y
3x 6 2(0)
3x 6 0
3x 6 6 0 6
3x 6
3x
3

2 x 2y
2 x 2 (0)
2x0
2xx0x
2x
2 x 2y
2 0 2y
2 2y
3
x2
3x 6 2y
3(0) 6 2y
6 2y
6
2
2
2
2y
2
1y
them.
2y
2
3 y
The graph intersects the y-axis at (0, 3). Plot
these points and draw the line that connects
them.
y
2 x 2y
O
3x 6 2y

15 3 (x y)
15 3 (x 0)
15 3x
15
3
3x
3
Page 321
5x
15 3 (x y)
15 3 (0 y)
15 3y
15
3
1. Sample answers: y 1 2, y 1 4,

y30
2.
3y
3
5y
Chapter 6
Solving Inequalities by Addition

and Subtraction
6-1
3
4
a4
3
4
a4
In both graphs, the line is darkened to the left. In

the graph of a 4, there is a circle at 4 to
indicate that 4 is not included in the graph. In the
graph of a 4, there is a dot at 4 to indicate that
4 is included in the graph.
246
3. {b|b 5} is the set of all numbers b such that b

is greater than or equal to 5.
4.
m3 7 7
m33 7 73
m 7 4
The solution set is {m|m 4}. The graph must
have a heavy arrow pointing to the right to show
that the inequality includes all numbers greater
than 4. The graph must have a circle at 4 to show
that 4 is not included in the inequality. This is
represented by graph a.
5.
a4 6 2
a44 6 24
a 6 2
Check:
Substitute 2, a number less than 2,
and a number greater than 2.
Let a 2.
Let a 5.
Let a 6.
?
?
?
2 4 6 2
5 4 6 2
64 6 2
22
1 6 2
10 2
The solution set is {a | a 2}.
9.
5.2r 6.7 6.2r

5.2r 6.7 5.2r 6.2r 5.2r
6.7 r
6.7 r is the same as r 6.7.
Check:
Substitute 6.7, a number less than 6.7,
and a number greater than 6.7.
Let r 6.7.
?
5.2 (6.7) 6.7 6.2 (6.7)
?
34.84 6.7 41.54

41.54 41.54
Let r 1.
?
5.2 (1) 6.7 6.2 (1)
11.9 6.2
Let r 10.
?
5.2 (10) 6.7 6.2 (10)
?
52 6.7 62
58.7
62
The solution set is {r | r 6.7}.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
8 765 4 321 0
6.
10.
9b4
94b44
5b
5 b is the same as b 5.
Check:
Let b 5.
Let b 0.
Let b 10.
?
?
?
954
904
9 10 4
99
9 4
9 14
The solution set is {b | b 5}.
7p 6p 2
7p 6p 6p 2 6p
p 2
Check:
Let p 2.
?
7 (2) 6(2) 2
?
14 12 2
14 14
Let p 5.
?
7 (5) 6 (5) 2
?
35 30 2
35 32
Let p 1.
?
7(1) 6(1) 2
7 4
The solution set is { p|p 2}.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
7.
t75
t7757
t 12
Check:
Let t 12.
Let t 2.
Let t 15.
?
?
?
12 7 5
275
15 7 5
55
5
5
85
The solution set is {t | t 12}.
432 1 0 1 2 3 4
11. Let n the number.

decreased
A number
by 8
14
424
43
y 2.5 7 3.1
y 2.5 2.5 7 3.1 2.5
y 7 5.6
Check:
Substitute 5.6, a number less than 5.6,
and a number greater than 5.6.
Let y 5.6.
Let y 1.
Let y 8.
?
1
424
3
14.
123
n
8

14
n 8 14
n 8 8 14 8
n 22
Check:
Let n 22.
Let n 10.
Let n 30.
?
?
?
22 8 14
10 8 14
30 8 14
22 14
14 14
2 14
The solution set is {n|n 22}.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
8.
14
424
43
is at
most
5.6 2.5 7 3.1 1 2.5 7 3.1 8 2.5 7 3.1

3.1 3.1
1.5 3.1
5.5 7 3.1
The solution set is { y | y 5.6}.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
247
Chapter 6

A number
plus
is greater
7
than
14
424
43
123
14
424
43
2.
{

20.
t 14 18
t 14 14 18 14
t4
The solution set is {t|t 4}.
n7
n77
n
Check:
7 2
7 27
7 5
Let n 5.
Let n 10.
Let n 3.
?
?
?
5 7 7 2
10 7 7 2
37 7 2
22
3 2
10 7 2
13. Let g the number of grams of fat Chapa can
have during the rest of the day.
2132 21 g 60
6 21 g 60
27 g 60
27 g 27 60 27
g 33
Chapa can have no more than 33 g of fat during
the rest of the day.
Pages 321323
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
21.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
22.
16.
17.
18.
19.
Practice and Apply
s 5 1
s 5 5 1 5
s4
The solution set is {s|s 4}.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
x 3 2
x 3 3 2 3
x1
The solution set is {x|x 1}. The corresponding
graph is d.
f;
x76
x7767
x 1
graph is f.
a;
4x 7 3x 1
4x 3x 7 3x 1 3x
x 7 1
graph is a.
c;
8x 6 9
8x8 6 98
x 6 1
graph is c.
e;
5x6
56x66
1 x
1 x is the same as x 1.
graph is e.
b;
x1 7 0
x11 7 01
x 7 1
graph is b.
Chapter 6
n 7 3
n 7 7 3 7
n4
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
23.
14. d;
15.
d57
d5575
d2
The solution set is {d|d 2}.
24.
53g
533g3
2g
2 g is the same as g 2.
The solution set is { g|g 2}.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
25.
48r
488r8
4 r
4 r is the same as r 4.
The solution set is {r|r 4}.
8 765 4 321 0
26.
3 q 7
3 7 q 7 7
4q
4 q is the same as q 4.
The solution set is {q|q 4}.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
27.
2m1
21m11
3m
3 m is the same as m 3.
The solution set is {m|m 3}.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
248
28.
2y 8 y
2y y 8 y y
y 8
The solution set is { y|y 8}.
3f 3 2f
3f 2f 3 2f 2f
f 3
The solution set is { f|f 3}.
432 1 0 1 2 3 4
2
p39
37.
p3393
1
p 19
3b 2b 5
3b 2b 2b 5 2b
b 5
The solution set is {b|b 5}.
The solution set is
5 p|p 1 19 6.
432 1 0 1 2 3 4
d 5 17
d 5 5 17 5
d 12
38b.
d 5 17
d 5 3 17 3
d 8 20
38c.
d 5 17
d 5 10 17 10
d57
39a.
z 2 10
z 2 2 10 2
z 12
39b.
z 2 10
z 2 5 10 5
z75
39c.
z 2 10
z 2 6 10 6
z 4 16
n 13 27
n 13 13 27 13
n 14
n 5 33
n 5 5 33 5
n 38
30 n (8)
30 n 8
30 8 n 8 8
38 n
38 n is the same as n 38.
2n n 14
2n n n 14 n
n 14
38a.
4w 3w 1
4w 3w 3w 1 3w
w1
The solution set is {w|w 1}.
432 1 0 1 2 3 4
432 1 0 1 2 3 4
33. a (2) 3
a 2 3
a 2 2 3 2
a 5
The solution set is {a|a 5}.
8 765 4 321 0
0.23 h (0.13)
0.23 h 0.13
0.23 0.13 h 0.13 0.13
0.36 h
0.36 h is the same as h 0.36.
The solution set is {h|h 0.36}.
432 1 0 1 2 3 4
35.
The solution set is a|a 7 8 .
32. v (4) 3
v43
v4434
v 1
The solution set is {v|v 1}.
34.
4
1
8 765 4 321 0
31.
1
8
1
8
a 7 8
8 7654 32 1 0
30.
a44 7
8 765 4 321 0
29.
a4 7
36.
x 1.7 2.3
x 1.7 1.7 2.3 1.7
x 0.6
The solution set is {x|x 0.6}.
432 1 0 1 2 3 4
249
Chapter 6
53a. If a b, then a c b c by the Addition

Property of Inequalities. If c d, then b c
b d by the Addition Property of Inequalities.
Since a c b c and b c b d, it follows
that a c b d by the Transitive Property of
Inequalities (If x y and y z, then x z.).
Therefore, the given statement is always true.
53b. If x y is always true, then x y is never true.
In Exercise 53, it was shown that, if a b and
c d, the statement a c b d is always
true. Therefore, the statement a c b d is
never true.
53c. If a 1, b 2, c 3, and d 5, then a c
1 3 or 2, but b d 2 5 or 3. In this
case, a c b d.
However, if a 1, b 2, c 3, and d 4, then
a c 1 3 or 2, and b d 2 4 or 2.
In this case, a c b d. Therefore, the given
statement is sometimes true.
54. 225 p 200
55.
225 p 200
225 p p 200 p
225 200 p
225 200 200 p 200
25 p
25 p is the same as p 25.
The solution set is {p|p 25}.
56. Inequalities can be used to compare the number
of schools participating in certain sports, to
compare the number of participating schools if
sports are added or discontinued in a certain
number of schools, and to determine how many
schools need to add a certain sport to surpass the
number participating in another sport. Answers
To find how many schools must add girls track
and field to surpass the current number of
schools participating in girls basketball, solve
16,526 14,587 x. More than 1939 schools
must add girls track and field.
57. C; x 1 13
x 1 1 13 1
x 14
is at
The
sum of a
58. A;
least
five.
number
and
6
144424443 123 123

n6
5

n (7) 18
n 7 18
n 7 7 18 7
n 25
4n 3n (2)
4n 3n 3n (2) 3n
n 2
46. Let n the number of pounds a Nile crocodile
might be expected to gain.
n 157 2200
n 157 157 2200 157
n 2043
The crocodile would be expected to gain no more
than 2043 lb.
47. Let s the number of stars that cannot be seen
without a telescope.
s 1100 200,000,000,000
s 1100 1100 200,000,000,000 1100
s 199,999,998,900
There are at least 199,999,998,900 stars that
cannot be seen without a telescope.
48. Let n the number of species of insects that are
not bees.
n 3500 600,000
n 3500 3500 600,000 3500
n 596,500
There are more than 596,500 species of insects
that are not bees.
49. Let m the amount of money in the account.
m 1300 947 1500
m 2247 1500
m 2247 2247 1500 2247
m 3747
Mr. Hayashi should have at least $3747 in his
account before writing the checks.
50.
12 4 x
12 4 4 x 4
8 x
The value of x must be more than 8 in.
51. Let j the cost of a pair of jeans.
18 14 j 65
32 j 65
32 j 32 65 32
j 33
The jeans must cost no more than $33.
52. Let w the number of wins to meet the goal.
w 4 0.60(18)
w 4 10.8
w 4 4 10.8 4
w 6.8
The team must win at least 7 more games to meet
their goal.
Chapter 6
Page 323
59. Since a persons height is not related to his or her

grade on a math test, a scatter plot for the
relationship would show no correlation.
y y1 m(x x1)
y (3) 3(x 1)
y 3 3x 3
y 3 3 3x 3 3
y 3x 6
250
66.

x y 3
x y x 3 x
y x 3
The slope of the given line is 1, so the slope of
the line parallel to y x 3 has the same
slope, 1. Replace m with 1 and (x1, y1) with
y y1 m(x x1)
y 4 1(x 0)
y 4 x
y 4 4 x 4
y x 4
2x y 1
2x y 2x 1 2x
y 2x 1
1(y) 1(2x 1)
y 2x 1
The slope of the given line is 2, so the slope of the
line parallel to y 2x 1 has the same slope, 2.
Replace m with 2 and (x1, y1) with (1, 2) in the
point-slope form.
y y1 m(x x1)
y 2 2[x (1)]
y 2 2(x 1)
y 2 2x 2
y 2 2 2x 2 2
y 2x 4
63. 7
13
19
25
y
8
4
2
(x, y)
(1, 8)
(3, 4)
(5, 2)
2x 6
2(1) 6
2(3) 6
2(5) 6
y
8
0
4
(x, y)
(1, 8)
(3, 0)
(5, 4)

69. 6g 42
6g
6
42
6
g7
t
9
t
9
70.
192
71.
14
19214
t 126
2
y
3
3 2
y
2 3
14
1 21 2 132 214
y 21
72. 3m 435

64. 243
81
27
9
3m
3

162
54
18
435
3
m 145
1
The difference between each pair of terms is 3 the

1
difference of the previous pair. Continue taking 3
of each successive difference. Add 6, then
add 2.
9
7x
7 (1)
73
75
x
1
3
5
x
1
3
5

6
6
6
6
6
27
(x, y)
(1, 2)
(3, 6)
(5, 10)

2x y 6
2x y 2x 6 2x
y 6 2x
1(y) 1(6 2x)
y 2x 6

common difference of 6. Add 6, then add 6.
7
13
19
25
31
37
81
y
2
6
10

67.

6
6
6
243
2x
2(1)
2(3)
2(5)
x
1
3
5
73.
4
x
7
7 4
x
4 7
28
1 21 2 174 228
x 49
74. 5.3g 11.13

162
54
18
6
2
5.3g
5.3

65. 3
6
12
24
11.13
5.3
g 2.1

3
6
12
75.
13.52
The difference between each pair of terms doubles

for each successive pair. Continue doubling each
successive difference. Add 24, then add 48.
3
6
12
24
48
96
76.
a
3.5
a
3.5
13.52 7
a 24.5
8p 35
8p
8

3
6
12
24
48
7
p
251
35
8
35
8
or 4.375
Chapter 6
Page 324
Step 4 Separate the tiles into 4 groups.
Algebra Activity
1. 4x 12
Step 1 Write a symbol and model the
inequality.
x
x
x
x
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3 x or x 3
The solution set is {x|x 3}.

2. 2x 8
inequality.
Step 2 Since you do not want to solve for a

negative x-tile, eliminate the negative by
adding 4 positive x-tiles to each side.
Remove the zero pairs.
x
x
1
4x 12
x
1
x

x
x
2x 8

negative x-tile, eliminate the negative
x-tiles by adding 2 positive x-tiles to each
side. Remove the zero pairs.
4x 4x 12 4x
Step 3 Add 12 negative 1-tiles to each side to

isolate the x-tiles. Remove the zero pairs.
x
x
1 1
1 1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
x
x
2x 2x 8 2x
Step 3 Add 8 negative 1-tiles to each side to
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
x
12 4x
252
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8 2x
Chapter 6

1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
4 x or x 4
3. 3x 6
inequality. Use a self-adhesive note to
cover the equals sign on the equation
mat. Then write a symbol on the note.
Model the inequality.
2 x or x 2

4. 5x 5
inequality.
x
1
x
1
x
x
x
x
1
1
1
1
1
1
x
1
x
1
1
1
x
1
1
1
1
1
1
x
1
x
1


x
5x 5
3x 6
x
1
x
1
x
x
x
x
3x 3x 6 3x
Step 3 Add 6 positive 1-tiles to each side to

5x 5x 5 5x
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6 3x
253
Chapter 6
There are no negative x-tiles, so the variable

remains on the left and the symbol remains .
Step 3 Add 5 positive 1-tiles to each side to

1
1
1
1
1
Pages 328329
1
1
1
2. Sample answer: Three fourths of a number is

greater than 9.
3. Ilonia is correct since when you divide each side
of an inequality by a negative number, you must
reverse the direction of the inequality symbol.
4. a; since the phrase is at least is translated as ,
statement a represents 7n 14.
5. c; since the phrase is less than is translated as ,
inequality c represents the statement.
6. 15g 7 75
5 5x

1
15g
15

1
7.
192
108
9
180
18
9
6 12
2 12
3b 9
132 2 123b2 132 2 (9)
3 113.52 9
2
3 1122 9 3 1182 9
2
9 9
8 9
The solution set is {b|b 13.5}.

x3
Chapter 6
Check:
Step 2 Since there is no need to eliminate x-tiles

or isolate x-tiles, the only step remaining
is to group the tiles.
6 1921122
b 13.5
Substitute 13.5, a number less than
13.5, and a number greater than 13.5.
Let b 13.5.
Let b 12.
Let b 18.
2x 6
6 12
6 12
6 12
9
12 12
20 12
8.
t
9
t
9
t 6 108
Check:
Substitute 108, a number less than
108, and a number greater than
108.
Let t 108.
Let t 180.
Let t 18.

75
15
15 152 7 75 15 1102 7 75

15 152 7 75
75 75
150 7 75
75 75
The solution set is { g|g 5}.

5. In Exercises 14, the coefficients of x are 4,
2, 3, and 5, respectively. Thus, all
coefficients are negative.
6. The symbols in the solutions point in the opposite
direction with relationship to the variable than
the symbols in the original problem.
7. 2x 6
Step 1 Model the inequality.
1
g 6 5
Check:
Let g 5.
Let g 10.
Let g 5.
1 x or x 1
1. You could solve the inequality by multiplying each

1
side by 7 or by dividing each side by 7. In
either case, you must reverse the direction of the
inequality symbol.
x
x
x
x
x
Solving Inequalities by
Multiplication and Division
6-2
254
12 9
9. 25f 9
25f
25
Examples 1934 For checks, see students work.

19. 6g 144
9
25
6g
6
f 0.36
Check:
Let f 0.36.
Let f 0.
Let f 1.
?
?
?
25 10.362 9
25 102 9
25 112 9
99
0
9
25 9
The solution set is {f|f 0.36}.
g 24
The solution set is {g|g 24}.
20. 7t 7 84
7t
7
The opposite of 4 times a number is more than 12.

4n
7
12
14d
14
4n 7 12
6
16z
16
23.
24.
(2) 26
6x
6
7
(5)7
b
10
b
(10) 10
5
(10)5
b 50
r
7 6 7
25.
1 r2
(7) 7 7 (7) (7)
?
1
1602
2
r 7 49
26
30 26
26.
11 7 9
a
(11) 11 6 (11)9
24
6
a 6 99
6
x 6 4
27.
Pages 329331
m
5
m
(5) 5
m 35
26
1522 26
1402 26
2
26 26
20
26
12. B; 6x 6 24
64
16
z4
The solution set is {z|z 4}.
n 52
Check:
Let n 52.
Let n 40.
Let n 60.
1
2
84
14
d 6
22. 16z 64
12
4
n 6 3
Check:
Let n 3.
Let n 5.
Let n 1.
?
?
?
4 132 7 12
4 152 7 12
4 112 7 12
12 12
20 7 12
4 12
Half of a number
is at least 26.
123 123 14424
43 1442443 123
1
n

26
2
1
n
2
1
(2) 2 n
84
7
t 7 12
21. 14d 84
144424443 14444244443 1442443 123
4n
4
144
6
Practice and Apply
5
y
8
8 5
y
5 8
12
15

185 2 (15)
y 24
The solution set is {y y 24} .
13. d; 5 n 7 10 can be translated One fifth of a

number is greater than ten.
14. a; 5n 10 can be translated Five times a number
is less than or equal to ten.
15. e; 5n 10 can be translated Five times a number
is greater than ten.
16. f; 5n 10 can be translated Negative five times
a number is less than ten.
28.
2
v
3
3 2
v
2 3
12
6 6
132 26
v 6 9
The solution set is {v v 9}.
29.
17. b; 5 n 10 can be translated One fifth of a

number is no less than ten.
18. c; 5n 10 can be translated Five times a number
is less than ten.
4q 33
143 2134q2 143 2 (33)
q 44
The solution set is {q q 44}.
255
Chapter 6
30.
38c.
5 p 7 10
152 2125 p2 6 152 210
p 6 25
The solution set is {p p 25}.
31. 2.5w 6 6.8
2.5w
2.5

7n 7 28
6.8
2.5
7n
7
w 7 2.72
The solution set is {w w 7 2.72}.
32. 0.8s 7 6.4
0.8s
0.8
7n
7
s 6 8
33.
3
14
7 3
15 14
1 21 2 6 1 21 2
7
c 6
1
10
24 3n
The solution set is c c 6

34.
4m
5
5 4m
4 5
3
15
5 3
4 15
1
4
1 21 2 6 1 21 2
6
m 6
1
10
The solution set is m m 6

35.
(8)
y
8
y
8
1 26
7
1
2
6.
1
4
(3)24 (3) 3n
72 n
The solution set is {n n 72}.
2
n
3
3 2
n
2 3
36.
(9)
0.25n
0.25
m3
The solution set is {m m 3}.
1
0.40n
0.40
2
a 3.5
37b.
37c.
2a 7
(2)2a (2)7
4a 14
20w
20
46. Let b the number of bags of mulch to be sold.

2.50b 2000
2.50b
2.50
2
4
4t 6 2
(2)4t 7 (2)(2)
8t 7 4
Chapter 6
2000
2.50
b 800
The band should sell at least 800 bags of mulch.
t 6 0.5
38b.
85
20
1
44
The width is less than 44 ft.
38a. 4t 6 2
6
w 6
2a 7
(3)2a (3)7
6a 21
4t
4
45
0.40
n 112.5
The solution set is {n n 112.5}.
45. Let w the width of the rectangle.
A 6 85
/w 6 85
20w 6 85
37a. 2a 7
2a
2
90
0.25
n 360
0.40n 45
1
3
1 2 (9) 113 2
132 2 (15)
n 6 22.5
0.25n 90
1
(8) 2
6 5 4 3 2 1
6 15
12
y 6 4
The solution set is {y y 4}.
m
9
m
9
14
7
n 2
The solution set is {s s 8}.

15c
7
7 15c
15 7
28
7
n 7 4
The solution set is {n n 7 4}.
7n 14
6.4
0.8
4t 6 2
(7)4t 7 (7) (2)
28t 7 14
256
54. Let s the number of signatures to be sought.

0.85s 6000
47. Let m the number of minutes Juan can talk.

0.09m 2.50
0.09m
0.09
2.50
0.85s
0.85
0.09
m 27. 7
Juan can talk to his friend for no more than
27 min.
48. Let p the number of people attending the
reunion.
28.95p 4000
28.95p
28.95
4000
28.95
56. B; 5 1
x
(5) 5 (5) (1)
38
2
x 5
r 6 6.0 (to the nearest tenth)

The garden can have a radius of up to about 6 ft.
50. Let d the distance that can be traveled legally.
d
6 65
1
12
11 12 2 1d1
d 6
16
t 7 15
The solution set is
132 265
Page 331
5t 0 t 7 1615 6 .

58.
s 7 6 12
s 7 7 6 12 7
s 6 19
The solution set is {s s 19}.
1
97 2
A person can legally travel no more than 972 mi.

51. Let n the number of visits to the zoo in one
year (assuming two adults and two children go to
the zoo each visit).
144 6 [ 2(18) 2(8) ] n
144 6 52n
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
59.
52n
52
2.8 6 n (to the nearest tenth)

The yearly membership will be less expensive
than regular admission if the family (of two
adults and two children) visits the zoo at least
3 times during the year.
52a. Sample answer: Let a 2 and b 3.
It is true that a b since 2 3. However, it is
not true that a2 b2 since 4 9.
52b. Sample answer: Let a 1, b 2, c 3, and
d 2.
It is true that a b since 1 2. It is also true
that c d since 3 2. However, it is not true
that ac bd since ac (1)(3) or 3, bd
(2)(2) or 4, and 3 4.
53. Let s the number of parking spaces in the lot.
0.20s 35
0.20s
0.20
14
15
187 2178t2 7 187 211415 2
1 12
8 t 6
57. C;
6 1 2 65
d 6
144
52
6000
0.85
s 7058.8 (to the nearest tenth)

The candidate should seek at least 7059
signatures on the petition.
55. Inequalities can be used to compare the heights of
walls. Answers should include the following.
If x represents the number of bricks and the
wall must be no higher than 4 ft or 48 in.,
then 3x 48.
To solve this inequality, divide each side by 3
and do not change the direction of the
inequality symbol. The wall must be no more
than 16 bricks high.
p 138.2 (to the nearest tenth)

At least 139 people must attend the reunion to
avoid a rental fee.
49. Let r the radius of the garden.
C 6 38
2r 6 38
2r
2
g 3 4
g 3 3 4 3
g 7
The solution set is {g g 7}.
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
60.
7 7 n2
72 7 n22
5 7 n
0
35
0.20
s 175
The parking lot must have at least 175 spaces.
257
Chapter 6
Choose (3, 3) and find the y-intercept of the line.

y mx b
61. Sample answer:

Since y increases as x increases, there is a
positive correlation between x and y in the graph
shown.
3 4 (3) b
3
34b
9
4
b
344b4
1

9
b 4.
y mx b
62. Find the slope. Let (x1, y1) (1, 3) and (x2, y2)
(2, 4).
h(x) 3x 2
h(4) 3(4) 2
12 2
10
67. h(x) 3x 2
h(w) 3(w) 2
3w 2
65.
y2 y1
mx
y 4x 4
x1
4 3
(1)
m2
1
m3
y mx b
1
4 3 (2) b
69.
43b
2
10
3
b
24
4
71.
y mx b
m
m
1.6t
1.6
x1
72.
m
m
x
3
12x
12
25
5
x 5
15
15
12
5
x 4 or 1 4
73.
5x 3 32
5x 3 3 32 3
5x 35
5x
5
74.
4t 9 14
4t 9 9 14 9
4t 5
35
5
x7
75.
x1
2 3
1 3
1
4
1
4
Chapter 6
15(x) 3 (x 5)
15x 3x 15
15x 3x 3x 15 3x
12x 15
y2 y1
m
7
5
w5
m0
y mx b
2 0(5) b
2 b
b 2.
y mx b
y (0)x (2)
y 2
The standard form of the equation is y 2.
(1, 2).
2
3.6
1.6
t 2.25
w 2
5
5w
5
2 (2)
1 5
0
6
mx
t(1.6) 1.5(2.4)
1.6t 3.6
4x
4
y2 y1
2
2.4
1.6
5(w 2) 5(7)
5w 10 35
5w 10 10 35 10
5w 25
10
3
(1, 2).
mx
t
1.5
70.
6x

10
b 3.
1
8
3(8) 4(x)
24 4x
433b3
y 3x
3
4
66. h(x) 3x 2
h(2) 3(2) 2
62
8
68.
h(x) 3x 2
h(r 6) 3(r 6) 2
3r 18 2
3r 16
6y 1 4y 23
6y 1 4y 4y 23 4y
2y 1 23
2y 1 1 23 1
2y 24
2y
2
24
2
y 12
258
4t
4
4
5
t 4 or 1.25
14g 5
6
76.
6

Let p 5.
Let p 8.
Let p 2.
?
?
?
4 5 9
4 8 9
4 2 9
44
41
4
7
The solution set is { p|p 5}.
Check:
9
114g6 5 2 6 (9)
14g 5 54
14g 5 5 54 5
14g 49
14g
14
49
14
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
g 2 or 3.5
77.
5a 6 9a (7a 18)
5a 6 9a 7a 18
5a 6 2a 18
5a 6 2a 2a 18 2a
3a 6 18
3a 6 6 18 6
3a 24
3a
3
78.
4.
24
3
a 8
2( p 4) 7 ( p 3)
2p 8 7p 21
2p 8 2p 7p 21 2p
8 5p 21
8 21 5p 21 21
29 5p
29
5
29
5
5.
5p
5
p
1.
Practice Quiz 1
7(2) 6(2) 1
14 11
7(5) 6(5) 1
35 31
4 3 2 1
6. 15z 105
15z
15
105
15
z7
Check:

Let z 7.
Let z 0.
Let z 10.
?
?
?
15(7) 105
15(0) 105
15(10) 105
105 105
0
105
150 105
r 3 1
r 3 3 1 3
r 4
Check:
Substitute 4, a number less then 4,
Let r 4.
Let r 10.
Let r 1.
?
?
?
4 3 1
10 3 1
1 3 1
1 1
7 1
4 1
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
3.
7(1) 6(1) 1
7 7
Let g 2.
h 16 7 13
h 16 16 7 13 16
h 7 3
Check:
Let h 3.
Let h 1.
Let h 7.
?
?
?
3 16 7 13 1 16 7 13 7 16 7 13
13 13
15 13
9 7 13
The solution set is {h|h 3}.
0
2.
7g 6g 1
7g 6g 6g 1 6g
g 1
Check:
Let g 1.
Let g 5.
p 5 or 5.8
29
Page 331
3 a 5
3 5 a 5 5
2a
2 a is the same as a 2.
Check:
Let a 2.
Let a 0.
Let a 10.
?
?
?
3 6 2 5
3 6 0 5
3 6 10 5
3 3
3 5
3 6 5
7.
v
5
v
(5) 5
6 7
6 (5)7
v 6 35
Check:
Let v 35.
Let v 30.
Let v 70.
35
5
4p9
4 9 p 9 9
5 p
5 p is the same as p 5.
6 7
30
5
6 7
7 7
6 6 7
259
70
5
6 7
14 7
Chapter 6
8.
7 q 7 15
173 2137q2 6 173 215
q 6 35
35, and a number greater than 35.
Let q 35.
Let q 70.
Let q 0.
?
?
?
3
3
3
7 (0) 7 15
7 (35) 7 15
7 (70) 7 15
Pages 334335
Check:
15 15
30 7 15
9. 156 6 12r
156
12
0 15
13 6 r
Check:
Let r 20.
Let r 10.
156 6 12(13)
156 156
4y
4
156 6 12(20) 156 6 12(10)

156 240
156 6 120
5w 2
152 2125w2 152 2112 2

5
Let w 0.
1 2 12
2 5
4
1
2
5
Let w 5.
1
5 (0) 2
2
0 2
5
80 23 6 19
57 19
4 23 6 19
27 6 19
The solution set is {y|y 10.5}.
2 2
2
r
3
5.
2
r
3
9 3
9 9 3 9
2
r
3
3 2
r
2 3
12
29 GRAPH
Check:
A portion of a horizontal line is shown. It is part

of the graph of y 1.
2. For all values of x less than 2, the y value is 1.
For all values of x greater than or equal to 2, the
y value is 0. That is, y 1 if x 2, and otherwise
y 0.
3.
6x 9 6 4x 29
6x 9 4x 6 4x 29 4x
10x 9 6 29
10x 9 9 6 29 9
10x 6 20
12

132 2 (12)
r 18
Let r 18.
Let r 24.
2
(18)
3
2
(24)
3
9 3
?
12 9 3
3 3
9 3
?
16 9 3
7
3
20
10
x 6 2
y 1 for those values of x for which the
inequality is true; y 0 for those values of x for
which the inequality is not true.
Chapter 6
5 (5) 2
1. KEYSTROKES: Y CLEAR 6 X,T,,n

TEST 5 4 X,T,,n
9 2nd
10x
10
4(20) 23 6 19
4(1)23 6 19
The solution set is w w 4 .
Page 333
42 23 6 19
19 19
Let y 1.
Substitute 4, a number less than 4, and

5
a number greater than 4.
Let w 4.
42
4
4(10.5) 23 6 19
w4
Check:
y 7 10.5
Check:
10.5, and a number greater than
10.5.
Let y 10.5.
Let y 20.

10.
1. To solve both the equation and the inequality, you

first subtract 6 from each side and then divide
each side by 5. In the equation, the equal sign
does not change. In the inequality, the inequality
symbol is reversed because you divided by a
negative number.
2. Sample answer: 2x 4 2
3a. Distributive Property
3b. Add 12 to each side.
3c. Divide each side by 3.
4.
4y 23 6 19
4y 23 23 6 19 23
4y 6 42
12r
12
Let r 13.
Solving Multi-Step Inequalities
6-3
260
Let r 3.
2
(3)
3
9 3
?
2 9 3
7 3
6.
7b 11
7b 11 7b
11
11 13
24
7
7
7
7
7
9b 13
9b 13 7b
2b 13
2b 13 13
2b
24
2
2b
2
8.
12 7 b
8
2

Let b 12.
?
7(12) 11 7 9(12) 13
?
3 5 (4) 3(4 1) 4 (2 4)
?
3 20 3 (5) 4 (2)
?
23 15 8
23 23
Let t 1.
7(10) 11 7 9(10) 13
?
70 11 7 90 13
81 7 77
Let b 20.
3 5 (1) 3(1 1) 4 (2 1)
?
3 5 3 (2) 4 (1)
?
864
8 2
Let t 5.
7(20) 11 7 9(20) 13
?
140 11 7 180 13
151 167
8
8
3 5 (5) 3 (5 1) 4 (2 5)
7 3(g 4)
7 3g 12
7 3g 12 5g
7 8g 12
7 8g 12 12
7 8g
7
2t
2
84 11 7 108 13
95 95
Let b 10.
5(g 4)
5g 20
5g 20 5g
20
20 12
8
4t
4 t is the same as t 4.
Check:
Let t 4.
Check:
7.
3 5t 3 (t 1) 4 (2 t)
3 5t 3t 3 8 4t
3 5t 7t 5
3 5t 5t 7t 5 5t
3 2t 5
3 5 2t 5 5
8 2t
3 25 3 (6) 4 (3)
?
28 18 12
28 30
8g
8
two times is less three times

Seven minus a number than the number plus thirty-two.
1
424
3 1
424
3 1
4424
43 1
424
3
1 7 g
Check:
Let g 1.
5(1 4) 7 3(1 4)
?
5(3) 7 3(5)
15 15
Let g 4.
?
5(4 4) 7 3(4 4)
2n
1
44424
43 123
7 2n
7 2n 2n
7
7 32
25
6
6
6
6
6
3n 32
3n 32 2n
5n 32
5n 32 32
5n
25
5
5n
5
3n
14
424
43
32
5 6 n
Check:
Let n 5.
?
7 2(5) 6 3(5) 32
5(0) 7 3(8)
0 7 24
Let g 4.
?
5(4 4) 7 3(4 4)
7 10 6 15 32
17 17
Let n 10.
5(8) 7 3(0)
40 0
7 2(10) 6 3(10) 32
7 20 6 30 32
27 2
Let n 2.
?
7 2(2) 6 3(2) 32
?
7 4 6 6 32
3 6 38
261
Chapter 6
10. Let s the amount of sales.

22,000 0.05s 7 35,000
22,000 0.05s 22,000 7 35,000 22,000
0.05s 7 13,000
0.05s
0.05
2
17.
2
1 d2
(5) 5 7 (5)25
d 7 125
w
8
18.
11a.
11b.
12a.
12b.
12c.
13.
Subtract 7 from each side.

Multiply each side by 52.
Multiply each side by 3 and change to .
Add 2m to each side.
Multiply each side by 1 and change to .
Original inequality
4 (t 7) 2 (t 9)
Distributive
4t 28 2t 18
Property
4t 28 2t 2t 18 2t Subtract 2t from
each side.
Simplify.
2t 28 18
Add 28 to each side.
2t 28 28 18 28
Simplify.
2t 46

t 23
14.
5k 20 7 3k 12
5k 20 5k 7 3k 12 5k
20 7 8k 12
20 12 7 8k 12 12
8 7 8k
8
8
9q
9
3t
3
2a
2
Original
inequality
Distributive
Property
Add 5k to each
side.
Simplify.
Add 12 to each
side.
Simplify.
30
9
10
3
or 33
18
2
a 9
21.
9r 15 24 10r
9r 15 9r 24 10r 9r
15 24 r
15 24 24 r 24
9 r
22.
13k 11 7 7k 37
13k 11 7k 7 7k 37 7k
6k 11 7 37
6k 11 11 7 37 11
6k 7 48
8k
8
6k
6
48
6
k 7 8
The solution set is {k|k 8}.
23.
9
2v 3
5
2v 3
(5) 5
7
(5)7
2v 3 35
2v 3 3 35 3
2v 38
2v
2
64
8
38
2
v 19
f 6 8
The solution set is {f|f 8}.
Chapter 6
20. 8a 2 10a 20
2a 2 20
2a 2 2 20 2
2a 18
3
7 (8)7
The solution set is q|q 33 .
t3
16.
5 8f 7 59
5 8f 5 7 59 5
8f 7 64
8f
8
7 7
q
Divide each
side by 8.
Simplify.
1 7 k
1 k is the same as k 1. The solution set is
{k|k 1}.
15.
3t 6 3
3t 6 6 3 6
3t 9
7
13 13 7 6 13
w 7 56
19. 7q 1 2q 29
9q 1 29
9q 1 1 29 1
9q 30
Divide each side by 2.

Simplify.
5(k 4) 7 3 (k 4)
13 7 6
w
8
w
(8) 8
Practice and Apply
46
2
2 6 23 2
d
w
8
2t
2
6 23
5 6 25
13,000
0.05
s 7 260,000
The salesperson would need more than $260,000
in sales to have an annual income greater than
$35,000.
Pages 335337
d
5
d
5
262
24.
3a 8
2
3a 8
(2) 2
Since the inequality results in a statement that is

always true, the solution set is {b|b is a real
number.}.
31.
3.1v 1.4 1.3v 6.7
3.1v 1.4 1.3v 1.3v 6.7 1.3v
1.8v 1.4 6.7
1.8v 1.4 1.4 6.7 1.4
1.8v 8.1
6 10
6 (2)10
3a 8 6 20
3a 8 8 6 20 8
3a 6 12
3a
3
12
3
a 6 4
25.
3w 5
4
3w 5
(4) 4
1.8v
1.8
v 4.5
The solution set is {v|v 4.5}.
32. 0.3(d 2) 0.8d 7 4.4
0.3d 0.6 0.8d 7 4.4
0.5d 0.6 7 4.4
0.5d 0.6 0.6 7 4.4 0.6
0.5d 7 5
2w
(4)2w
3w 5 8w
3w 5 3w 8w 3w
5 5w
5
5
5w
5
0.5d
0.5
1w
1 w is the same as w 1.
26.
5b 8
3
5b 8
(3) 3
6 3b
6 (3)3b
4b
4
22
2
2 6 b
27.
28.
29.
30.
5
0.5
d 6 10
33. 4(y 1) 3(y 5) 3(y 1)
4y 4 3y 15 3y 3
y 19 3y 3
y 19 y 3y 3 y
19 2y 3
19 3 2y 3 3
22 2y
5b 8 6 9b
5b 8 5b 6 9b 5b
8 6 4b
8
4
8.1
1.8
2y
2
11 y
11 y is the same as y 11.
7 3t 2(t 3) 2(1 t)
7 3t 2t 6 2 2t
7 3t 4t 8
7 3t 3t 4t 8 3t
7t8
78t88
1 t
1 t is the same as t 1.
5(2h 6) 7(h 7) 4h
10h 30 7h 49 4h
3h 79 4h
3h 79 3h 4h 3h
79 h
79 h is the same as h 79.
3y 4 2(y 3) y
3y 4 2y 6 y
3y 4 3y 6
3y 4 3y 3y 6 3y
46
Since the inequality results in a false statement,
the solution set is the empty set .
3 3(b 2) 6 13 3(b 6)
3 3b 6 6 13 3b 18
3b 9 6 3b 31
3b 9 3b 6 3b 31 3b
9 6 31
10 11 12 13
34. 5(x 4) 2(x 6) 5(x 1) 1

5x 20 2x 12 5x 5 1
3x 8 5x 4
3x 8 3x 5x 4 3x
8 2x 4
8 4 2x 4 4
4 2x
4
2
2x
2
2x
4 3 2 1

1
n
8
1
n
8
5 30
5 5 30 5
1
n
8
1
(8) 8n
35
(8)35
n 280
263
Chapter 6

2
n
3
2
n
3
44.
8 7 12
8 8 7 12 8
2
n
3
3 2
n
2 3
12
132 24
n 7 6
4n 9 n 21
4n 9 n n 21 n
5n 9 21
5n 9 9 21 9
5n 30
5n
5
42.
91 95 88 s
4
274 s
4
274 s
(4) 4
92
520w
520
Chapter 6
4.375
1.4375
1040
520
w2
The union worker can strike for no more than
2 weeks.
49. Let w the number of weeks the worker could
strike.
[600 0.04(600) ] (52 w) (600)52
(600 24)(52 w) 31,200
624(52 w) 31,200
32,448 624w 31,200
32,448 624w 32,448 31,200 32,448
624w 1248
92
(4)92
274 s 368
274 s 274 368 274
s 94
To earn an A in math, Carmen must score at least
94 on the test.
43. Mercury is a solid until it reaches its melting
point at 38C.
5(F 32)
9
122
t 3.0
(to the nearest tenth)
Nicholas can order 3 or fewer toppings.
strike.
[500 0.04(500) ] (52 w) (500)52
(500 20)(52 w) 26,000
520(52 w) 26,000
27,040 520w 26,000
27,040 520w 27,040 26,000 27,040
520w 1040
105
3
92
25
2
25
or
2
1.4375t
1.4375
a 6 35
The solution set is {a a 6 35}.
41.
Keith should stay on the diet for more than

1
122 weeks.
46. Sample answers: 2x 5 2x 3; 2x 5 2x 3
47. Let t the number of toppings Nicholas can order.
7.50 1.25t 0.15(7.50 1.25t) 13.00
7.50 1.25t 1.125 0.1875t 13.00
1.4375t 8.625 13.00
1.4375t 8.625 8.625 13.00 8.625
1.4375t 4.375
2n
2
91 95 88 s
4
195 2 (38)
w 7
30
5
17 7 n
39. 3a 15 6 90
40.
3a 15 6 90
3a 15 15 6 90 15
3a 6 105
3a
3
2w
2
n6
The solution is {n n 6}.
3(n 7) 7 5n 13
3n 21 7 5n 13
3n 21 3n 7 5n 13 3n
21 7 2n 13
21 13 7 2n 13 13
34 7 2n
34
2
12
6 38
F 32 6 68.4
F 32 32 6 68.4 32
F 6 36.4
Mercury is a solid for temperatures less than
36.4F.
45. Let w the number of weeks Keith should stay
on the diet.
200 2w 6 175
200 2w 200 6 175 200
2w 6 25
7 4
7
5(F 32)
9
9 5(F 32)
5
9
624w
624
1248
624
w2
The number of weeks the worker can strike does
not change if the worker makes $600 per week.
6 38
264

strike.
150w [500 0.04(500) ] (52 w) (500)52
150w (500 20)(52 w) 26,000
150w 520(52 w) 26,000
150w 27,040 520w 26,000
370w 27,040 26,000
370w 27,040 27,040 26,000
27,040
370w 1040

370w
370
55. C;

1040
370
57.
8
2
CLEAR 13 X,T,,n
TEST
6 7 X,T,,n
KEYSTROKES:
37 GRAPH
inequality is true. Since y 1 for values of x less
than or equal to 8, the solution set is {x|x 8}.
58.
CLEAR 2 (
5 3 (
TEST
KEYSTROKES:
2nd
X,T,,n
2
X,T,,n
GRAPH
2 )
inequality is true. Since y 1 for values of x
greater than 3, the solution set is {x|x 3}.
Page 337
59. Let m the number of miles Mrs. Ludlow can

drive.
0.12m 50
or 113
1
0.12m
0.12
The positive even integers less than 113 are 2, 4,

6, 8, and 10. So the sets of three consecutive
positive even integers whose sum is less than 40
are 2, 4, and 6; 4, 6, and 8; 6, 8, and 10; 8, 10, and
12; 10, 12, and 14.
53. Inequalities can be used to describe the
temperatures for which an element is a gas or a
solid. Answers should include the following.
The inequality for temperatures in degrees
Celsius for which bromine is a gas is
9
C
5
2t
2
11 2nd
n8
The positive odd integers less than or equal to 8
are 1, 3, 5, and 7. So the pairs of consecutive
positive odd integers whose sum is no greater
than 18 are 1 and 3, 3 and 5, 5 and 7, 7 and 9.
52. Let n the first positive even integer.
Then n 2 and n 4 represent the next two
consecutive positive even integers, respectively.
n (n 2) (n 4) 6 40
3n 6 6 40
3n 6 6 6 40 6
3n 6 34
3n
34
6 3
3
34
3
8t (6t 10)
8t 6t 10
2t 10
2t 10 2t
10
10 2
8
9 GRAPH
inequality is true. Since y 1 for values of x less
than 2, the solution set is {x|x 2}.
16
2
n 6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
t 6 4
CLEAR 3 X,T,,n
56. KEYSTROKES:
TEST
3 4 X,T,,n
7 2nd
w 2.8
(to the nearest tenth)
The union worker can strike for up to 2.8 weeks.
51. Let n the first positive odd integer.
Then n 2 represents the next consecutive
positive odd integer.
n 1n 22 18
2n 2 18
2n 2 2 18 2
2n 16
2n
2
4t 2
4t 2
4t 2
4t 2 2t
2t 2
2t 2 2
2t
50
0.12
2
m 4163
If Mrs. Ludlow is charged $0.12 per mile or any
part of one mile, she can travel up to 416 mi
without going over her budget.
60.
d 13 22
d 13 13 22 13
d9
32 7 138.
Sample answer: Scientists may use

inequalities to describe the temperatures for
which an element is a solid.
61.
y 5
54. D; To solve 9 13, first eliminate fractions by

multiplying both sides of the inequality by 9.
t5 6
t55 6
t 6
The solution
5
265
10 11 12 13
3
35
8
set is {t|t < 8}.
8
10 11 12 13
Chapter 6
62.
4 7 y7
47 7 y77
3 7 y
3 y is the same as y 3.
The solution set is {y|y 3}.
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

are on one side of the equation.
4x 7 2y
4x 2y 7 2y 2y
4x 2y 7
70. Since the term 2x2 has an exponent of 2, the
71. The equation can be written as x 0y 12.
72.
21x 22 3x 14x 52
2x 4 3x 4x 5
2x 4 x 5
2x 4 x x 5 x
3x 4 5
3x 4 4 5 4
3x 9
y y1 m(x x1)
y (3) 2(x 1)
y 3 2x 2
y 3 3 2x 2 3
y 2x 5
y 2x 2x 5 2x
2x y 5
(1)(2x y) (1)(5)
2x y 5
The standard form of the equation is 2x y 5.
The point-slope form of the equation is
y 3 2(x 1).
64.
y y m(x x )
1
1
63.
3x
3
y (1) 3 x (2)
x3
Check:
2(x 2) 3x (4x 5)
?
2(3 2) 3(3) [ 4(3) 5]
?
2(1) 9 (12 5)
?
297
22
The solution is 3.
73.
5t 7 t 3
5t 7 t t 3 t
4t 7 3
4t 7 7 3 7
4t 10
y 1 3 (x 2)
1 22
3(y 1) 3 3 (x 2)
3y 3 2(x 2)
3y 3 2x 4
3y 3 3 2x 4 3
3y 2x 7
3y 2x 2x 7 2x
2x 3y 7
The standard form of the equation is 2x 3y 7.
The point-slope form of the equation is
2
y 1 3 (x 2).
4t
4
y y1 m(x x1)
y 6 0(x 3)
y60
y6606
y6
The standard form of the equation is y 6.
The point-slope form of the equation is y 6 0.
66. Let (3, 1) (x1, y1) and (4, 6) (x2, y2).
65.
Check:

321 0 1 2 3 4 5
x1
75.
321 0 1 2 3 4 5
76.
654321 0 1 2
77.
y2 y1

321 0 1 2 3 4 5
x1
3 (4)
1 (2)
7
3
78.
4321 0 1 2 3 4
79.
68. Let (0, 3) (x1, y1) and ( 2, 5) (x2, y2).
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
y2 y1
mx
80.
x1
54321 0 1 2 3
5 3
0
8
or 4
2
2
Chapter 6
t 2.5
5t 7 t 3
?
5(2.5) 7 2.5 3
74.
67. Let (2, 4) (x1, y1) and (1, 3) (x2, y2).
2
10
4
6 (1)
4 3
5
or 5
1
mx
12.5 7 5.5
5.5 5.5
y2 y1
mx
3
81.
54321 0 1 2 3
266
12. For a compound statement connected by the word

and to be true, both simple statements must be
true. Since it is not true that 0 3, the compound
statement is false.
82.
21 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Page 338
Reading Mathematics

or to be true, at least one of the simple
statements must be true. Since it is true that a
hexagon has six sides, the compound statement is
true.
true. It is false that a pentagon has six sides; it
has five. Thus, the compound statement is false.
true. It is true that a pentagon has five sides. It is
also true that a hexagon has six sides. Thus, the
compound statement is true.
statements must be true. It is true that an
octagon does not have seven sides; it has eight.
Thus, the compound statement is true.
statements must be true. In this case, it is not
true that a pentagon has three sides; it has five.
It is also not true that an octagon has ten sides; it
has eight. Since neither simple statement is true,
the compound statement is false.
statements must be true. Since it is true that a
square has four sides, the compound statement is
true.
statements must be true. In this case, it is not
true that 5 4. It is also not true that 8 6.
Since neither simple statement is true, the
compound statement is false.
true. Since it is not true that 1 0, the
compound statement is false.
true. In this case, it is true that 4 0. It is also
true that 4 0. Thus, the compound statement
is true.
statements must be true. Since it is true that
0 0, the compound statement is true.
statements must be true. It is true that 1 4.
Thus, the compound statement is true.
Solving Compound Inequalities
6-4
Page 341
1. A compound inequality containing and is true if

and only if both inequalities are true. A compound
inequality containing or is true if and only if one
of the inequalities is true.
2. 7 t 12
3. Sample answer: x 2 and x 3
4. Graph a 6.
Graph a 2.
Find the intersection.
3
5. Graph y 12.
Graph y 9.
Find the union.
5
10
11
12
13
14
15
10
11
12
13
14
15
10
11
12
13
14
15
6. 3 6 x 1
7. x 1 or x 5
8.
and
w 3 6 11
6 6 w3
w 3 3 6 11 3
63 6 w33
3 6 w
w 6 8
The solution set is the intersection of the two
graphs.
Graph 3 w or w 3.
Graph w 8.
0
10
10
10
The solution set is 5w|3 6 w 6 86.
267
Chapter 6
9.
n 7 5
n 7 7 5 7
n2
or

5 6 3n 7 6 17
First express 5 3n 7 17 using and. Then
solve each inequality.
and
3n 7 6 17
5 6 3n 7
3n 7 7 6 17 7
5 7 6 3n 7 7
12 6 3n
3n 6 24
n71
n7717
n8
The solution set is the union of the two graphs.

Graph n 2.
Graph n 8.
Find the union.
10.
10
10
10
12
3
12
3
20
4.5
z 6 4
Graph z 4.
Graph z 1.
Find the union.
2
24
3
4.5x
4.5
4.5x
4.5
30
4.5
Practice and Apply
14. Graph x 5.
Graph x 9.
0
10
10
10
15. Graph s 7.

Graph s 0.
The solution set is {x|4 6 x 1}.
Chapter 6
Pages 342343
Notice that the graph of z 4 contains every

point in the graph of z 1. So, the union is the
graph of z 4. The solution set is 5z|z 6 46.
11. 8 6 x 4 3
First express 8 x 4 3 using and. Then
solve each inequality.
and
x 4 3
8 6 x 4
x 4 4 3 4
8 4 6 x 4 4
4 6 x
x1
graphs.
Graph 4 x or x 4.
Graph x 1.
7
3n
3
4.4 x
x 6.6
The lengths of the stretched spring will be
between about 4.44 and 6.67 in., inclusive, (to the
nearest hundredth).
3n
3
4 6 n
n 6 8
The solution set is the intersection of 4 n and
n 8.
The solution set is 5n|4 6 n 6 86.
13. If forces are between 20 and 30 lb, inclusive, then
20 F 30.
Since F 4.5x, 20 4.5x 30.
Express 20 4.5x 30 using and. Then solve
each inequality.
20 4.5x
and
4.5x 30
The solution set is {n|n 2 or n 8}.

or
z1
3z 1 6 13
3z 1 1 6 13 1
3z 6 12
3z
3
268
10 9
10 9
10 9
16. Graph r 6.
Graph r 6.
Find the union.
28.
10
10
10
17. Graph m 4.

Graph m 6.
Find the union.
10
10
10
10
10
10
29.
18. First express 7 d 11 using and.

7 6 d and d 6 11
Graph 7 6 d or d 7 7.
Graph d 11.
2
10
11
12
10
11
12
10
11
12
30.
19. First express 1 g 3 using and.

1 g and g 6 3
Graph 1 g or g 1.
Graph g 3.
5
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
and
k 2 18
k 2 7 12
k 2 2 18 2
k 2 2 7 12 2
k 7 10
k 16
graphs.
Graph k 10.
Graph k 16.
8
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
The solution set is 5k|10 6 k 166.

and
f 9 4
f83
f 9 9 4 9
f8838
f 5
f 13
graphs.
Graph f 5.
Graph f 13.
14 13 12 11 10
14 13 12 11 10
14 13 12 11 10
The solution set is 5f|13 f 56.

or
d41
d4 7 3
d4414
d44 7 34
d 7 7
d5
Graph d 7.
Graph d 5.
Find the union.
5
0
10
10
10
2 x 2
7 6 x 6 3
x 12 or x 7 15
x 7 or x 6
x 0 or x 4
x 2 or x 7 5
158 w 206
t 18 or t 22
The solution set is {d|d 5 or d 7 7}.
269
Chapter 6
31.
or
h3 6 2
h 10 6 21
h33 6 23
h 10 10 6 21 10
h 6 11
h 6 1
Graph h 11.
Graph h 1.
Find the union.
16 14 12 10
16 14 12 10
16 14 12 10
34.
3t
3
2x
2
2x
2
10
10
The solution set is 5x|3 6 x 6 96.

33. First express 4 2y 2 10 using and.
and
2y 2 6 10
4 6 2y 2
2y 2 2 6 10 2
4 2 6 2y 2 2
6 6 2y
2y 6 12
2y
2
36.
12
2
3 6 y
y 6 6
graphs.
Graph 3 y or y 3.
Graph y 6.
0
10
10
10
3q
3
3q
3
18
3
The solution set is 5q|1 6 q 6 66.

or
x 4
1 x 3
(1) (x) (1) (4)
1 x 1 3 1
x4
x4
Graph x 4.
Graph x 4.
Find the union.
5
The solution set is 5x|x is a real number.6.
The solution set is 5y|3 6 y 6 66.

Chapter 6
2
1 6 q
q 6 6
graphs.
Graph 1 q or q 1.
Graph q 6.
10
2y
2
2t
2
3
3
12
3
Since the graphs do not intersect, the solution set

is the empty set .
35.
and
5 3q 7 13
8 7 5 3q
5 3q 5 7 13 5
8 5 7 5 3q 5
3 7 3q
3q 7 18
18
2
6
2
2t 6 12
2t 6 6 12 6
2t 6
3 6 x
x 6 9
graphs.
Graph 3 x or x 3.
Graph x 9.
0
and
t4
t3
graphs.
Graph t 4.
Graph t 3.
Notice that the graph of h 1 contains every

point in the graph of h 11. So, the union is the
graph of h 1. The solution set is 5h|h 6 16.
32. First express 3 2x 3 15 using and.
and
2x 3 6 15
3 6 2x 3
2x 3 3 6 15 3
3 3 6 2x 3 3
6 6 2x
2x 6 18
6
2
3t 7 5
3t 7 7 5 7
3t 12
270
3n 11 13
37.
3n 12
or
3n
3
3n 11 11 13 11
3n 2
3n
3
Graph g 3.
Graph 12 g or g 12.
12
3
n4
3
n
10
12
14
10
12
14
10
12
14
2
3

2
Graph n 3.
Graph n 4.
Find the union.
0
10
10

is the empty set .
40.
4c 6 2c 10
or
3c 6 12
2c 6 10
2c
2
10
2p 2 4p 8
4p 8 3p 3
and
4p 8 3p 3p 3 3p
2 2p 8
p 8 3
2 8 2p 8 8
p 8 8 3 8
6 2p
6
2
3p
10
10
10
3g 12 6 g
3g 12 g 6 g g
and
6 g 3g 18
2g 12 6
6 2g 18
2g 12 12 6 12
6 18 2g 18 18
24 2g

6
0.5
3b 16 b 6 8 b b
2b 16 6 8
2b 16 16 6 8 16
2b 6 24
6
24
2
b 6 12
Graph b 12.
Graph b 12.
Find the union.
6 g g 3g 18 g
24
2
2b
2
The solution set is 5p|3 p 56.

39. First express 3g 12 6 g 3g 18 using
and.
g 3
b 7 12
6
2
0.5b
0.5
c 7 4
10
2
The solution set is {c|c 6 5 or c 7 4}.

41. 0.5b 7 6
or
3b 16 6 8 b

graphs.
Graph 3 p or p 3.
Graph p 5.
2g
2
12
3
p5
2p
2
2g 6
c 6 5
Graph c 5.
Graph c 4.
Find the union.
Notice that the graph of n 4 contains every

2
point in the graph of n 3. So, the union is the
graph of n 4. The solution set is 5n|n 46.
38. First express 2p 2 4p 8 3p 3 using
and.
2p 2 2p 4p 8 2p
3c
3
4c 2c 6 2c 10 2c
18 16 14 12 10
18 16 14 12 10
18 16 14 12 10
The solution set is {b|b 6 12 or b 7 12}.
2g
2
12 g

graphs.
271
Chapter 6
47. Let p the price of a color printer.

Then p 30 represents the price of a printer
after a $30 rebate.
If 175 p 260, then 175 p and p 260.
and
p 260
175 p
175 30 p 30
p 30 260 30
145 p 30
p 30 230
So, 145 p 30 230.
After the rebate, Luisana can expect to spend
between $145 and $230, inclusive.
48. Let s the total amount of sales needed to earn a
prize in category D. Then s 70 represents the
amount of sales Rashid still needs after selling
$70 worth of chocolates.
If 121 s 180, then 121 s and s 180.
121 s
and
s 180
s 70 180 70
121 70 s 70
51 s 70
s 70 110
So, 51 s 70 110.
Rashid must have additional sales between $51
and $110, inclusive, to earn a category D prize.
49a. Graph x 5 or x 8.

5 n 8 14
First express 5 n 8 14 using and.
and
n 8 14
5n8
n 8 8 14 8
58n
13 n
n 22
n 22.
The solution set is 5n|13 n 226.
8 6 3n 4 6 10
First express 8 3n 4 10 using and.
and
3n 4 6 10
8 6 3n 4
8 4 6 3n 4 4
3n 4 4 6 10 4
12 6 3n
3n 6 6
12
3
3n
3
3n
3
6
3
4 6 n
n 6 2
n 2.
5n 7 35 or 5n 6 10
5n
5
35
5
5n
5
10
5
n 6 7
n 7 2
The solution is the union of n 7 and n 2.
The solution set is 5n|n 6 7 or n 7 26.
1
First express 0 6 2n 1 using and.

1
(2)0 6
1
(2) 2n
and
1
n
2
1
(2) 2n
10
11
12
10
11
12
Find the points not graphed. These values make

the given compound inequality false.
So, x 5 and x 8. This compound inequality
may also be expressed as 5 x 8.
49b. Graph x 6 and x 1.
0 6 2n 1
0 6 2n
1
(2)1
0 6 n
n2
n 2.
The solution set is 5n|0 6 n 26.
46. Let h the number of hours an adult sleeps.
Then 0.20 h represents the number of hours an
adult spends in REM sleep.
If 7 h 8 then 7 h and h 8.
and
h8
7h
(0.20)7 (0.20)h
(0.20)h (0.20)8
1.4 0.20h
0.20h 1.6
So, 1.4 0.20h 1.6.
An adult spends between 1.4 and 1.6 h, inclusive,
in REM sleep.
Find the points not graphed. These values make

the given compound inequality false.
So, x 1 or x 6.
50. Let h the number of hertz heard by humans.
20 h 20,000
Let d the number of hertz heard by dogs.
15 d 50,000
51. Graph 20 h 20,000
Graph 15 h 50,000.
20
15
20,000
50,000
Find the union. Notice that the graph of

15 h 50,000 contains every point in the
graph of 20 h 20,000. So, the union is the
graph of 15 h 50,000.
Find the intersection. The two graphs intersect for
values of x between 20 and 20,000, inclusive. So,
the intersection is the graph of 20 h 20,000.
Chapter 6
272
52. Of the number of hertz a dog can hear, humans

cannot hear sounds between 15 and 20 hertz,
including 15 hertz, or sounds between 20,000 and
50,000 hertz, including 50,000 hertz. So,
15 h 20 or 20,000 h 50,000.
53. Let a the altitude in miles.
Sample answers:
troposphere: a 10
stratosphere: 10 a 30
mesosphere: 30 a 50
thermosphere: 50 a 400
exosphere: a 400
54. The tax table gives intervals of income and how
much a taxpayer with taxable income in each
interval must pay in taxes. Each interval can be
expressed as compound inequalities. Answers
The incomes are in $50 intervals.
41,100 x 41,150 represents the possible
incomes of a head of a household paying $7024
in taxes.
55. A; Let c the number of cups of cooked tomatoes
c
made from ten lb of fresh tomatoes. Then 10
represents the number of cups of cooked tomatoes
made from one lb of fresh tomatoes.
If 10 c 15, then 10 c and c 15.
10 6 c
and
c 6 15
10
10
1 6
c
10
c
10
So, 1 6
c
10
c
10
c
10
6
6
15
10
3
2
Page 344
1.40r
1.40
18d
18
7v
7
61.
or 12
6 (13)13
183 2138b2 6 183 29
k(3)
3
k
8
Therefore, y 3x.
Use the direct variation equation to find x
when y 6.
y 3x
8
6 3x
138 2 6 138 2 83 x

compound inequality is true.
Since y 1 for values of x that are either less
than 6 or greater than 1, the solution set is
{x|x 6 or x 1}.
CLEAR X,T,,n
57b. KEYSTROKES:
3
X,T,,n
6 13
8b 7 9
8
3
8
3
GRAPH
TEST
t
13
t
(13) 13
b 6 24
63. Write a direct variation equation that relates
x and y. Find the value of k.
y kx
8 k(3)
56. B; First express 7 x 2 4 using and.

7 6 x 2
and
x2 6 4
7 2 6 x 2 2
x22 6 42
9 6 x
x 6 2
The solution set is 9 x and x 2, which can
be expressed as 9 x 2.
CLEAR X,T,,n
57a. KEYSTROKES:
4
2nd
91
7
t 6 169
Between 1 and
cups of cooked tomatoes are
made from one lb of fresh tomatoes.
X,T,,n
90
18
v 7 13
62.
5 2 2nd
TEST
3 3
TEST
4 2nd
800,000
1.40
d5
60. 7v 6 91
6 12.
TEST
r 571,428.57 (to the nearest hundredth)

The school must raise at least $571,428.57 from
other sources.
Examples 5962 For checks, see students work.
59. 18d 90
1
12
2nd
58. Let r the amount the school must raise from

other sources. The 0.40 r represents the amount
promised by the corporation.
r 0.40r 800,000
1.40r 800,000
9
4
x
Therefore, x 4 or 2.25 when y 6.
6 5 2nd
1
TEST
TEST 4 4 GRAPH
6 2nd

compound inequality is true.
Since y 1 for values of x between 2 and 8,
inclusive, the solution set is {x|2 x 8}.
273
Chapter 6
76. 3.5 is three and one-half units from zero in the

negative direction. |3.5| 3.5
77. |12 6| |6|
6 is six units from zero in the positive direction.
|12 6| |6| 6
78. |5 9| |4|
4 is four units from zero in the negative
direction.
|5 9| |4| 4
79. |20 21| |1|
1 is one unit from zero in the negative direction.
|20 21| |1| 1
80. |3 18| |15|
15 is fifteen units from zero in the negative
direction.
|3 18| |15| 15
64. Write a direct variation equation that relates x

and y. Find the value of k.
y kx
2.5 k(0.5)
2.5
0.5
65.
66.
67.
68.
k(0.5)
0.5
5k
Therefore, y 5x.
Use the direct variation equation to find y
when x 20.
y 5x
y 5(20)
y 100
Therefore, y 100 when x 20.
The relation, as a set of ordered pairs, is {(6, 0),
(3, 5), (2, 2), (3, 3)}.
The domain of this relation is {3, 2, 6}.
The range is {2, 0, 3, 5}.
Exchange x and y in each ordered pair to write
the inverse relation. The inverse of this relation is
{(0, 6), (5, 3), (2, 2), (3,3)}.
(3, 1), (2, 2), (1, 7)}.
The domain of this relation is {3, 1, 2, 5}.
{(2, 5), (1, 3), (2, 2), (7, 1)}.
(3, 2), (2, 9), (5, 4), (5, 8), (7, 2)}.
The domain of this relation is {7, 2, 3, 5}.
The range is {2, 4, 8, 9}.
{(4, 3), (2, 3), (9, 2), (4, 5), (8, 5), (2, 7)}.
There are 6 possible outcomes, 4 are successes
and 2 are failures.
So, the odds of rolling a number greater than 2
4
2
are 2 or 1 or 2:1.
Page 344
1.
4b
4
1 22
10
Let b 10.
?
5 4(10) 7 23
?
5 40 7 23
35
23
1
n
2
3 5
3 3 5 3
1
n
2
1
(2) 2n
8
(2) (8)
n 16
Check:
Let n 16.
Let n 20.
1 2134 2 12 134 2
7 6
7
1
(16)
2
3
8
3 5
?
1
(20)
2
8 3 5
5 5
Let n 0.
73. 7 is seven units from zero in the negative

direction. |7| 7
74. 10 is ten units from zero in the positive direction.
|10| 10
75. 1 is one unit from zero in the negative direction.
|1| 1
Chapter 6
1
n
2
2.
71. 100(4.7) 470
28
4
b 6 7
Let b 7.
Let b 1.
?
?
5 4(7) 7 23
5 4(1) 7 23
?
?
5 28 7 23
5 4 7 23
23
23
1 7 23
70. 6 5 30 or 3
72. 12
Check:
69. There are 6 possible outcomes, 5 are successes

and 1 is a failure.
So, the odds of rolling a number that is not a 3
5
are 1 or 5:1.
5
Practice Quiz 2
5 4b 7 23
5 4b 5 7 23 5
4b 7 28
1
(0)
2
3 5
?
0 3 5
3 5
274
3 5
?
10 3 5
7 5
3.
3(t 6)
3t 18
3t 18 18
3t
6
6
6
6
9
9
9 18
9
3t
3
9
3
t 6 3
Let t 3.
Let t 10.
?
?
3(10 6) 6
3(3 6) 6 9
?
?
3(3) 6 9
3(4) 6
99
12 6
Let t 4.
?
3(4 6) 6 9
?
3(10) 6 9
30 9
4.
9x 2 7 20
9x 2 2 7 20 2
9x 7 18
Check:
9x
9
6.
(3)a 6
3,
9
9
9
? 2(15) 15
3
? 30 15
6
3
? 45
6 3
? 2(18) 15
3
? 36 15
6
3
? 51
6 3
15 6
18 6
15
18
15
18
15 15
18 6 17
Let a 12.
? 2(12) 15
3
? 24 15
6
3
? 39
6 3
12 6
12
12
12 13
7.
x2 6 7
and
x2 7 5
x22 6 72
x22 7 52
x 6 9
x 7 3
graphs.
Graph x 9.
Graph x 3.
18
9
2a 15
3
2a 15
(3) 3
3a 6 2a 15
3a 2a 6 2a 15 2a
a 6 15
Check:
Let a 15.
Let a 18.
x 7 2
Check:
Let x 2.
Let x 3.
?
?
9(2) 2 7 20
9(3) 2 7 20
?
?
18 2 7 20
27 2 7 20
20
20
25
20
Let x 5.
?
9(5) 2 7 20
?
45 2 7 20
47 7 20
5.
2m 5 4m 1
2m 5 2m 4m 1 2m
5 2m 1
5 1 2m 1 1
6 2m
6
2
a 6
8.
2m
2
3m
3 m is the same as m 3.
Check:
Let m 3.
Let m 1.
?
?
2(3) 5 4(3) 1
2(1) 5 4(1) 1
?
?
6 5 12 1
2541
11 11
73
Let m 6.
?
2(6) 5 4(6) 1
?
12 5 24 1
17 23
10
10
10
The solution set is {x|3 x 9}.

2b 5 1
or
b 4 4
2b 5 5 1 5
b 4 4 4 4
2b 6
b0
2b
2
6
2
b 3
Graph b 3.
Graph b 0.
Find the union.
7
The solution set is {b|b 3 or b 0}.
275
Chapter 6
9.
4m 5 7 7
4m 5 5 7 7 5
4m 7 12
4m
4
or
4m 5 6 9
4m 5 5 6 9 5
4m 6 4
12
4
4m
4
So, the absolute error is less than 6 sec when the

students estimated time is greater than 54 s and
less than 66 s.
4
4
m 6 1
m 7 3

Graph m 3.
Graph m 1.
Find the union.
6-5
Solving Open Sentences

Involving Absolute Value
Pages 348349
10.
The solution set is {m|m 1 or m 3}.

a4 6 1
or
a2 7 1
a44 6 14
a22 7 12
a 6 5
a 7 1
The solution set is the intersection of the two graphs.
Graph a 5.
Graph a 1.
3
5 432 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
3. Leslie is correct. You need to consider the case

when the value inside the absolute value symbols
is positive and the case when the value inside the
absolute value symbols is negative. So x 3 2
or x 3 2.
4. a; Write |k| 3 as k 3 and k 3. The
solution set is {k| 3 k 3}.
The graph of this solution set is graph a.
5. c; Write |x 4| 2 as x 4 2 or x 4 2.
Case 1:
Case 2:
x4 7 2
x 4 6 2
x44 7 24
x 4 4 6 2 4
x 7 6
x 6 2
The solution set is {x|x 2 or x 6}. The graph
of this solution set is graph c.
6. The difference between the guess and the actual
number, 832, is within 46. This statement can be
expressed as |g 832| 46, where g represents
Amandas guess.
7. Write |r 3| 10 as r 3 10 or r 3 10.
Case 1:
Case 2:
r 3 10
r 3 10
r 3 3 10 3
r 3 3 10 3
r7
r 13
The solution set is {13, 7}.
The solution set is {a|1 a 5}.
Page 347
Algebra Activity

2. A negative error indicates that the time guessed
was less than 1 min. A positive error indicates
that the time guessed was more than 1 min.
3. If the absolute error is 6, then the error is either
6 or 6.
Let t the students time. Then t 60 represents
the error.
So, either t 60 6 or t 60 6.
t 60 6
t 60 60 6 60
t 66
or
t 60 6
t 60 60 6 60
t 54
1412108642 0 2 4 6 8
If the absolute error is 6, the students estimated

time is 54 s or 66 s.
4. Let t the students estimated time. If the error
is represented by t 60, then the absolute error
is represented by |t 60|. The absolute error is
less than 6 sec when |t 60| 6.
Write |t 60| 6 as t 60 6 and t 60 6.
Case 1:
Case 2:
t 60 6 6
t 60 7 6
t 60 60 6 6 60
t 60 60 7 6 60
t 6 66
t 7 54
Chapter 6
1. |x 2| 6 means that the distance between x

and 2 is greater than 6 units.
|x 2| 6 means that the distance between x
and 2 is less than 6 units.
The solution of |x 2| 6 includes all values
that are less than 4 or greater than 8. The
solution of |x 2| 6 includes all values that
are greater than 4 and less than 8.
2. Sample answer: |x| 2
8. Write |c 2| 6 as c 2 6 and c 2 6.

Case 1:
Case 2:
c2 6 6
c 2 7 6
c22 6 62
c 2 2 7 6 2
c 6 8
c 7 4
The solution set is {c|4 c 8}.
10864 2 0 2 4 6 8 10
276
9. Write |10 w| 15 as 10 w 15 or
10 w 15.
Case 1:
Case 2:
Pages 349351
10 w 7 15
10 w 6 15
10 w 10 7 15 10
10 w 10 6 15 10
w 7 5
w 6 25
(1) (w) 6 (1)5
(1)(w) 6 (1)(25)
w 6 5
w 7 25
The solution set is {w|w 5 or w 25}.

15105 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
10. Write |2g 5| 7 as 2g 5 7 or 2g 5 7.

Case 1:
Case 2:
2g 5 7
2g 5 7
2g 5 5 7 5
2g 5 5 7 5
2g 2
2g 12
2g
2
2g
2
2
12
2
g1
g 6
The solution set is {g|g 6 or g 1}.
8 765 4 321 0 1 2
2x
2
11. Find the point that is the same distance from 2

as the distance from 4. The midpoint between 2
and 4 is 1.
3 units
3 units
17.
So, an open sentence is |x 1| 3.

12. Find the point that is the same distance from 4 as
the distance from 12. The midpoint between 4 and
12 is 8.
4 units
18.
4 units
19.
10
11
12
13
The distance from 8 to any point on the graph is

greater than 4 units.
So, an open sentence is |x 8| 4.
13. The difference between the actual diameter and
1.5 cm is within 0.001 cm. This statement can be
expressed as |d 1.5| 0.001, where d
represents the actual diameter.
Write |d 1.5| 0.001 as d 1.5 0.001 and
d 1.5 0.001.
Case 1:
Case 2:
d 1.5 0.001
d 1.5 0.001
d 1.5 1.5 0.001 1.5
d 1.5 1.5 0.001 1.5
d 1.501
Practice and Apply
14. c; Write |x 5| 3 as x 5 3 and x 5 3.

Case 1:
Case 2:
x53
x 5 3
x5535
x 5 5 3 5
x 2
x 8
The solution set is {x|8 x 2}. The graph of
this solution set is graph c.
15. f; Write |x 4| 4 as x 4 4 or x 4 4.
Case 1:
Case 2:
x4 7 4
x 4 6 4
x44 7 44
x 4 4 6 4 4
x 7 8
x 6 0
The solution set is {x|x 0 or x 8}. The graph
of this solution set is graph f.
16. a; write |2x 8| 6 as 2x 8 6 or
2x 8 6.
Case 1:
Case 2:
2x 8 6
2x 8 6
2x 8 8 6 8
2x 8 8 6 8
2x 14
2x 2
20.
21.
d 1.499
22.
The solution set is {d|1.499 d 1.501}.

The diameter of the bolts must be between 1.499
and 1.501 cm, inclusively.
277
14
2
2x
2
2
x7
x1
The solution set is {1, 7}. The graph of this
solution set is graph a.
b; Write |x 3| 1 as x 3 1 or x 3 1.
Case 1:
Case 2:
x 3 1
x31
x 3 3 1 3
x3313
x 4
x 2
The solution set is {x|x is a real number.}. The
graph of this solution set is graph b.
e; Write |x| 2 as x 2 and x 2.
The solution set is {x| 2 x 2}. The graph of
this solution set is graph e.
d; Write |8 x| 2 as 8 x 2 or 8 x 2.
Case 1:
Case 2:
8x2
8 x 2
8x828
8 x 8 2 8
x 6
x 10
(1)(x) (1) (6)
(1) (x) (1) (10)
x6
x 10
The solution set is {6, 10}. The graph of this
solution set is graph d.
The difference between the pH and 7.3 must be
within 0.002. This statement can be expressed as
|p 7.3| 0.002, where p represents the pH of
the eye solution.
The difference between the temperature and 38
should be within 1.5. This statement can be
expressed as |t 38| 1.5, where t represents
the temperature inside the refrigerator.
The difference between the score and 98 was
within 6. This statement can be expressed as
|s 98| 6, where s represents Ramonas
bowling score.
Chapter 6
The solution set is {t| 10 6 t 6 6}.
23. The difference between the speed and 55 should

be within 3. This statement can be expressed as
|s 55| 3, where s represents the speed of the
car.
24. Write |x 5| 8 as x 5 8 or x 5 8.
Case 1:
Case 2:
x58
x 5 8
x5585
x 5 5 8 5
x 13
x 3
10 9876 5 4 32 1 0
30. Write |v 3| 7 1 as v 3 7 1 or v 3 6 1.

Case 1:
Case 2:
v3 7 1
v 3 6 1
v33 7 13
v 3 3 6 1 3
v 7 2
v 6 4
The solution set is {v 0v 6 4 or v 7 2}.
8 7654 321 0 1 2
31. Write 0w 6 0 3 as w 6 3 or w 6 3.

Case 1:
Case 2:
w63
w 6 3
w6636
w 6 6 3 6
w9
w3
The solution set is {w 0w 3 or w 9}.
642 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
25. Write |b 9| 2 as b 9 2 or b 9 2.

Case 1:
Case 2:
b92
b 9 2
b9929
b 9 9 2 9
b 7
b 11
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1312111098 765 4 3
32. Write |3s 2| 7 7 as 3s 2 7 7 or

3s 2 6 7.
Case 1:
Case 2:
3s 2 7 7
3s 2 6 7
3s 2 2 7 7 2
3s 2 2 6 7 2
3s 7 9
3s 6 5
26. Write 02p 3 0 17 as 2p 3 17 or

2p 3 17.
Case 1:
Case 2:
2p 3 17
2p 3 17
2p 3 3 17 3
2p 3 3 17 3
2p 20
2p 14
2p
2
20
2
2p
2
p 10
3s
3
14
2
20
5
c4
The solution set is {0.8, 4}.
3s
3
5
3
5 432 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
33. Write |3k 4| 8 as 3k 4 8 or 3k 4 8.

Case 1:
Case 2:
3k 4 8
3k 4 8
3k 4 4 8 4
3k 4 4 8 4
3k 4
3k 12
27. Write 05c 8 0 12 as 5c 8 12 or

5c 8 12.
Case 1:
Case 2:
5c 8 12
5c 8 12
5c 8 8 12 8
5c 8 8 12 8
5c 20
5c 4
9
3
s 7 3
s 6 13
The solution set is {s|s is a real number.}.
p 7
8 642 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
5c
5
5c
5
c
4
5
4
5
3k
3
3k
3
3
1
k 13
The solution set is k|k 4 or k
or 0.8
12
3
k 4
1
13
6.
5 432 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
5 4321 0 1 2 3 4 5
34. Write |2n 1| 6 9 as 2n 1 6 9 and

2n 1 7 9.
Case 1:
Case 2:
2n 1 6 9
2n 1 7 9
2n 1 1 6 9 1
2n 1 1 7 9 1
2n 6 8
2n 7 10
28. Write 0z 2 0 5 as z 2 5 and z 2 5.

Case 1:
Case 2:
z25
z 2 5
z2252
z 2 2 5 2
z7
z 3
The solution set is {z|3 z 7}.
2n
2
Chapter 6
8
2
2n
2
10
2
n 6 4
n 7 5
The solution set is {n|5 6 n 6 4} .
32 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
29. Write |t 8| 6 2 as t 8 6 2 and t 8

Case 1:
Case 2:
t8 6 2
t8 7
t88 6 28
t88 7
t 6 6
t 7
7 2.
5 432 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
2
2 8
10
278
35. Write |6r 8| 6 4 as 6r 8 6 4 and

6r 8 7 4.
Case 1:
Case 2:
6r 8 6 4
6r 8 7 4
6r 8 8 6 4 8
6r 8 8 7 4 8
6r 6 12
6r 7 4
6r
6
12
6
6r
6
r 6 2
39. Write
Case 1:
r 7
Case 2:
2 3x
5
2 3x
(5) 5
3x
3
The solution set is the empty set .
(5)2
3x
3
x 23
36. Write |6 (3d 5)| 14 as 6 (3d 5) 14

and 6 (3d 5) 14.
Case 1:
Case 2:
6 (3d 5) 14
6 (3d 5) 14
6 3d 5 14
6 3d 5 14
11 3d 14
11 3d 14
11 3d 11 14 11 11 3d 11 14 11
3d 3
3d 25
3d
3
3
d 1
The solution set is d|1 d
1
83
6.
d
5h 2
6
Case 1:
or x 4 .
5 units
25
3
1
83
5h 2
6
So, an equation is |x| 5.

and 8 is 3.
5 units
5 units
So, an equation is |x 3| 5.

and 3 is 0.
3 units
7 or
12
3
x4
2
23
5 units
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
` 7 as

and 5 is 0.
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
5h 2
6
(5) (2)
5 432 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
37. Write 08 (w 1) 0 9 as 8 (w 1) 9 and

8 (w 1) 9.
Case 1:
Case 2:
8 (w 1) 9
8 (w 1) 9
8w19
8 w 1 9
9w9
9 w 9
9w999
9 w 9 9 9
w 0
w 18
(1)(w) (1)0
(1)(w) (1)(18)
w0
w 18
The solution set is {w|0 w 18} .
38. Write `
The solution set is x 0x
5 432 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
2
2 3x 10
2 3x 2 10 2
3x 12
3
2
3d
3
2 3x
5
2 3x
(5) 5
2
2 3x 10
2 3x 2 10 2
3x 8
4
6
2
3
0 2 5 3x 0 2 as 2 5 3x 2 or 2 5 3x 2.
3 units
7.
Case 2:
5h 2
6
5h 2
(6) 6
5h 2
6
5h 2
(6) 6
7
(6)7
5h 2 42
5h 2 2 42 2
5h 40
5h
5
The solution set is
5h
5
4
85,
h

less than or equal to 3 units. So, an inequality is
|x| 3.
and 1 is 3.
(6)(7)
5h 2 42
5h 2 2 42 2
5h 44
40
5
h8
7
44
5
4
85
4 units
4 units
8 .
10864 2 0 2 4 6 8 10
8

less than 4 units. So, an inequality is
|x (3)| 4, or |x 3| 4.
279
Chapter 6

and 3 is 1.
2 units
49. The difference between the temperature and 68

should be within 3. This statement can be
expressed as |t 68| 3, where t represents the
temperature in the house.
Write |t 68| 3 as t 68 3 and
t 68 3.
Case 1:
Case 2:
t 68 3
t 68 3
t 68 68 3 68
t 68 68 3 68
t 71
t 65
The solution set is {t|65 t 71}.
The temperature in the house should be between
65 F and 71 F, inclusive.
50. The difference between the percent of people who
say protection of the environment should have
priority and 52 is within 3. This statement can be
expressed as |p 52| 3, where p represents
the percent of people described.
Write |p 52| 3 as p 52 3 and
p 52 3.
Case 1:
Case 2:
p 52 3
p 52 3
p 52 52 3 52
p 52 52 3 52
p 55
p 49
The solution set is { p|49 p 55}.
The percent of people who say protection of the
environment should have priority is between 49%
and 55%, inclusive.
51. The difference between the pressure and 30
the tire pressure in psi.
Write |p 30| 2 as p 30 2 and
p 30 2.
Case 1:
Case 2:
p 30 2
p 30 2
p 30 30 2 30
p 30 30 2 30
p 32
p 28
The tire pressure should be between 28 and
32 psi, inclusive.
52a. Since absolute value represents a distance, it
cannot be negative. So, there is no value of x
that will make |x 3| less than 5. Therefore,
|x 3| 5 is never true.
52b. Since absolute value represents a distance, it
cannot be negative. So, any value of x will make
|x 6| greater than 1. Therefore,
|x 6| 1 is always true.
52c. |x 2| 0 is true only if x 2. Therefore,
|x 2| 0 is sometimes true.
2 units

greater than 2 units. So, an inequality is
|x 1| 2.
as the distance from 8. The midpoint between
12 and 8 is 10.
2 units
15 14 13 12 11 10
2 units
The distance from 10 to any point on the graph

is greater than or equal to 2 units. So, an
inequality is |x (10)| 2, or |x 10| 2.
46. The difference between the number of days and
280 should be within 14. This statement can be
expressed as |d 280| 14, where d represents
the number of days of the pregnancy.
47. Write |d 280| 14 as d 280 14 and
d 280 14.
Case 1:
d 280 14
d 280 280 14 280
d 294
Case 2:
d 280 14
d 280 280 14 280
d 266
The solution set is {d|266 d 294}.
The length of a full-term pregnancy should be
between 266 and 294 days, inclusive.
48. The difference between the pressure and 195
the pressure in pounds per square inch.
Write |p 195| 25 as p 195 25 and
p 195 25.
Case 1:
p 195 6 25
p 195 195 6 25 195
p 6 220
Case 2:
p 195 7 25
p 195 195 7 25 195
p 7 170
The pressure of a fire extinguisher should be
between 170 and 220 psi.
Chapter 6
280
56. Inequalities involving absolute value are used to

represent margin of error. Answers should include
the following.
The inequality representing the people who are
against the tax levy is |x 45| 3. To solve
this inequality, find the intersection of x 45
3 and x 45 3. To solve these
inequalities, add 45 to each side of each
inequality. The solution set is {x|42 x 48}.
The votes for the tax levy can be between 44%
and 50%. The votes against the tax levy can be
between 42% and 48%. Depending on where the
actual votes are in each range, it could either
pass or fail.
57. B; Write |x 5| 2 as x 5 2 or x 5 2.
Case 1:
Case 2:
x52
x 5 2
x5525
x 5 5 2 5
x 3
x 7
58. C; Write 6 |x| 6 as 6 |x| and |x| 6.
Case 1:
6 |x| is the same as |x| 6.
Write |x| 6 as x 6 or x 6.
The solution set is {x|x is a real number.}.
Case 2:
Write |x| 6 as x 6 and x 6.
The solution set is {x| 6 x 6}.
The final solution is the intersection of {x|x is a
real number.} and {x| 6 x 6}. Therefore, the
solution set is {x| 6 x 6}.
If 6 x 6, then 6 x.
6 6 x
(1)(6) 7 (1) (x)
6 7 x
53. The difference between the amount of sodium

chloride and 3.0 must be within 0.5. This
statement can be represented by |a 3.0| 0.5,
where a represents the amount of sodium chloride
to be added.
Write |a 3.0| 0.5 as a 3.0 0.5 and
a 3.0 0.5.
Case 1:
a 3.0 0.5
a 3.0 3.0 0.5 3.0
a 3.5
Case 2:
a 3.0 0.5
a 3.0 3.0 0.5 3.0
a 2.5
The solution set is {a|2.5 a 3.5}.
The amount of sodium chloride added must be
between 2.5 and 3.5 mm, inclusive.
54. The difference between the guess and 18,000
must be within 1500 without going over 18,000.
This statement can be expressed as the compound
inequality |p 18,000| 1500 and p 18,000,
where p represents the price guessed by Luis.
Write |p 18,000| 1500 as p 18,000 1500
and p 18,000 1500.
Case 1:
p 18,000 1500
p 18,000 18,000 1500 18,000
p 19,500
Case 2:
p 18,000 1500
p 18,000 18,000 1500 18,000
p 16,500
The solution set is the intersection of
16,500 p 19,500 and p 18,000. This set is
{ p|16,500 p 18,000}.
Luis will win the vehicle if his guess is between
$16,500 and $18,000, inclusive.
55a. Write x 3 1.2 as x 3 1.2 or x 3 1.2.
Case 1:
Case 2:
x 3 1.2
x 3 1.2
x 4.2
x 1.8
55b. Find the point that is the same distance from
1.8 as the distance from 4.2. The midpoint
between 1.8 and 4.2 is 3.
1.2 units
1.4
1.8 2.2
2.6
Page 351
1.2 units
3.4 3.8 4.2 4.6
59. Let t number of beats per minute in Rafaels

target zone.
0.60(190) 6 t 6 0.80(190)
114 6 t 6 152
Rafaels target zone is between 114 and 152 beats
per min.
60.
2m 7 7 17
2m 7 7 7 17 7
2m 7 10
2m
2
So, an equation is |x 3| 1.2.
10
2
m 7 5
281
Chapter 6
61.
2 3x 2
2 3x 2 2 2
3x 4
3x
3
70. 13.2 6.1 13.2 (6.1)

(|13.2| |6.1|)
(13.2 6.1)
19.3
71. 4.7 (8.9) 4.7 8.9
(|8.9| |4.7|)
(8.9 4.7)
4.2
72. Distributive Property
73. Substitution Property
y 3x 4
0 3x 4
0 4 3x 4 4
4 3x
3
1
x 13
The solution set is x|x 13 .

2
w
3
62.
2
w
3
37
3373
2
w
3
3 2
w
2 3
12
10
132 210
w 15
63. To express the equation in slope-intercept form,
solve the equation for y in terms of x.
2x y 4
2x y 2x 4 2x
y 2x 4
The equation is now of the form y mx b, so
the slope m is 2 and the y-intercept b is 4.
2y 3x 4
2y 3x 3x 4 3x
2y 3x 4
2y
2
y
4
3
4
3
3x
3
x

y 3x 4
y 3(0) 4
y4
The graph intersects the y-axis at (0, 4). Plot
these points and draw the line that connects
them.
y
3x 4
2
3x
4
2
2
3
x2
2
y 3x 4
y
The equation is now of the form y mx b, so
3
the slope m is 2 and the y-intercept b is 2.

1
x
2
1
x
2
3
y
4
4y 0
1

table. The only value in the range is 2. Since
there is no x in the equation, the value of x does
not depend on y. Therefore, x can be any real
number.
2x 0 2x
3
y
4
4 3
y
3 4
12
2x
143 2112x2
x
3
1
0
2
4
y 3x
This equation can be written as y 3x 0. The

equation is now of the form y mx b, so the
2
slope m is 3 and the y-intercept is 0.
66. I prt
I
pt
I
pt
67.
prt
pt
r
ex 2y 3z
ex 2y 2y 3z 2y
ex 3z 2y
ex
e
x
68.
a 5
3
1 a 5
7
3
a 5
21
12
(x, y)
(3, 2)
(1, 2)
(0, 2)
(2, 2)
(4, 2)

the points.
3z 2y
e
3z 2y
e
7x
117 27x
x
69. 13 8 (|13| |8|)

(13 8)
5
Chapter 6
y
2
2
2
2
2
y 2
282
76. In order to find values for y more easily, solve the

equation for y.
xy3
xyx3x
y3x
table.
3x
3 (1)
30
31
32
33
x
1
0
1
2
3
The graph intersects the x-axis at (6, 0). To find

the y-intercept, let x 0.
2y x 6
2y (0) 6
2y 6
2y
2
6
2
y 3
them.
(x, y)
(1, 4)
(0, 3)
(1, 2)
(2, 1)
(3, 0)
y
4
3
2
1
0

the points.
2y x 6
y
xy3

2(x y) 10
2(x 0) 10
2x 10
2x
2

y 2x 1
(0) 2x 1
2x 1
2x
2
1
1
The graph intersects the x-axis at
1 2
1
,
2
10
2
x 5
2(x y) 10
2(0 y) 10
2y 10
2
x2
2y
2
0.
10
2
y 5
them.
To find the y-intercept, let x = 0

y 2x 1
y 2(0) 1
y 1
them.
y
2(x y ) 10
O
O
x
y 2x 1
6-6
2y x 6
2(0) x 6
x 6
(1)(x) (1)(6)
x6
Page 355
Graphing Inequalities
in Two Variables
1. The graph of y x 2 is a line. The graph of

y x 2 does not include the boundary
y x 2, and it includes all ordered pairs in the
half-plane that contains the origin.
283
Chapter 6
2. Sample answer: x y
Step 1 Solve for y in terms of x.
xy
yx
Step 2 Graph y x. Since the inequality
includes y values less than x, but not
equal to x, the boundary is not included
in the solution set. The boundary should
be drawn as a dashed line.
Step 3 Select a point in one of the half-planes
and test it. Try (1, 3).
yx
3 1 false
Since the statement is false, the half-plane
containing (1, 3) is not part of the solution. Shade
the other half-plane.
6. b; Since y 2x 2 means y 2x 2 or
y 2x 2, the boundary line is included in the
solution set. So, the boundary should be drawn as
a solid line. When (0, 0) is used as a test point in
the original inequality, the resulting statement is
0 2. Since this statement is false, the half-plane
containing the origin is not part of the solution.
So, the other half-plane should be shaded. This
describes graph b.
7. Step 1 The inequality y 4 is already solved
for y in terms of x.
Step 2 Graph y 4. Since y 4 means y 4 or
y 4, the boundary is included in the
solution set. The boundary should be
drawn as a solid line.
y4
0 4 false
Shade the other half-plane.
y
xy
y4
3. If the test point results in a true statement, shade

the half-plane that contains the point. If the test
point results in a false statement, shade the other
half-plane.
4. Use a table to substitute the x and y values of
each ordered pair into the inequality.
x
1
2
yx1
0 1 1
00
231
24
521
53
1 2 1
1 1
8. Step 1 The inequality y 2x 3 is already

solved for y in terms of x.
Step 2 Graph y 2x 3. Since y 2x 3
means y 6 2x 3 or y 2x 3, the
boundary is included in the solution set.
The boundary should be drawn as a solid
line.
y 2x 3
0 2(0) 3
0 3 false
True or False
true
true
false
false
The ordered pairs {(1, 0), (3, 2)} are part of the
solution set.
x
1
1
2
y 2x
6 2(2)
64
1 2(0)
1 0
5 2(3)
56
2 2(1)
2 2
True or False
y
y 2x 3
true
false
false
false
The ordered pair {(2, 6)} is part of the solution set.
Chapter 6
284
11. Step 1 Let x the number of pizzas ordered.

Let y the number of pitchers of soft
drink ordered.
9. Step 1 Since there is no y in the inequality,

solve the inequality for x.
4 2x 6 2
4 2x 4 6 2 4
2x 6 6
2x
2
the cost
the number
the
of one
of pitchers
The cost
number
pitcher
of soft
of one
of pizzas
of soft
drink
pizza times ordered plus drink times ordered
14243 123 14243 123 14243 123 1442443
6
2
7
x 7 3
Step 2 Graph x 3. Since the inequality
includes x values greater than 3, but not
equal to 3, the boundary is not included
x 7 3
0 7 3 false
Step 2
123 123
60
Solve for y in terms of x.

12x 3y 60
12x 3y 12x 60 12x
3y 60 12x
y
60 12x
3
60
12x

3
3
y 20 4x
Step 3 Since the open sentence includes the
equation, graph y 20 4x as a solid
line. Test a point in one of the halfplanes, for example (0, 0). Shade the
half-plane containing (0, 0) since
0 20 4(02 is true.
Step 4 Examine the solution.
Coach Riley cannot order a negative
number of pizzas or a negative
number of pitchers of soft drinks.
Therefore, the domain and range
contain only nonnegative numbers.
Coach Riley cannot order a fraction of
a pizza or a portion of a pitcher of soft
drink. Thus, only points in the
shaded half-plane whose x-and
y-coordinates are whole numbers are
possible solutions.
4 2x 2
10. Step 1

1y 7 x
1y1 7 x1
y 7 x 1
(1)(y) 6 (1)(x 1)
y 6 1x
Step 2 Graph y 1 x. Since the inequality
includes y values less than 1 x, but not
equal to 1 x, the boundary is not
included in the solution set. The
boundary should be drawn as a dashed
line.
y 6 1x
0 6 10
0 6 1 true
Since the statement is true, the half-plane
containing the origin is part of the solution.
Shade the half-plane containing (0, 0).
y
24
20
16
12
8
4
21 O
4
1 2 3 4 5 6x
Pages 356357
Practice and Apply

1 y x
O
3y
3
12
is
not
more
than $60 .
x
0
y
4
1
8
4
y 3 2x
4 3 2(02
43
3 3 2(12
35
8 3 2(62
8 9
5 3 2(42
5 11
True or False
false
true
false
true
solution set.
285
Chapter 6


x
3
y
1
3
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
y 3x
6 3132
6 9
6 3132
6 9
6 3112
6 3
6 3112
6 3
True or False
x
1
y
1
false
1
true
1
true
2
false
y
7
13
10
6
2
x y 11
5 7 6 11
12 6 11
13 10 6 11
3 6 11
4 4 6 11
8 6 11
6 122 6 11
8 6 11
True or False
false
x
6
y
4
true
1
true
3
true
The ordered pairs {( 13, 10), (4, 4), (6, 2)} are
part of the solution set.
x
3
y
2
2
4
2x 3y 6
2132 3122 7
0 7
2122 3142 7
8 7
2162 3122 7
6 7
2152 3112 7
7 7
false
x
2
y
4
true
1
5
false
7
true
The ordered pairs {( 2, 4), (5, 1)} are part of

the solution set.
x
5
y
1
2
4y 8 0
4112 8 0
12 0
4122 8 0
00
4152 8 0
12 0
4102 8 0
8 0
true
true
false
|x 3| y
06 3 0 4
34
01 3 0 8
48
03 3 0 2
62
05 3 0 7
27
True or False
false
false
true
false
|y 2| x
04 2 0 6 2
2 6 2
05 2 0 6 1
3 6 1
07 2 0 6 6
5 6 6
00 2 0 6 0
2 6 0
True or False
false
false
true
false
The ordered pair {(6, 7)} is part of the solution

set.
True or False
false
true
true
false
solution set.
Chapter 6
false

set.
True or False
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
True or False
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
solution set.
solution set.
x
5
3x 4y 7
3112 4112 6
7 6
3122 4112 6
2 6
3112 4112 6
1 6
3122 4142 6
10 6
286
20. c;
Step 1
Step 2 Graph y 3 2x. Since the inequality

1
includes values of y greater than 3 2x,
1
but not equal to 3 2x, the boundary is
not included in the solution set. The
line.
6 x
2
6 x
y 2
6 x
6 x
Graph y 2 . Since y 2 means
6 x
6 x
y 6 2 or y 2 , the boundary is
2y
2
Step 2
22. d;
1
Step 1 The inequality y 7 3 2x is already

2y x 6
2y x x 6 x
2y 6 x

boundary should be drawn as a solid
line.
y
0
y 7 3 2x
1
0 7 3 2 (0)
false
0 7 3
Shade the other half-plane. The graph described
is graph d.
23. b;
4y 2x 16
4y 2x 2x 16 2x
4y 16 2x
6 x
2
6 0
2
true
03
Shade the half-plane containing (0, 0). The graph
described is graph c.
21. a;
1
x
2
1
x
2
4y
4
y 7 4
1
y
1
y 2x 7 4 2x
y 7 4
16 2x
4
1
4 2x
Step 2 Graph y 4 2x. Since y 4 2x
1
x
2
means y 7 4 2x or y 4 2x, the

line.
(1)(y) 6 (1)(4 2x)

1
y 6 2x 4
1
Step 2 Graph y 2x 4. Since the inequality

1
includes values of y less than 2x 4, but
1
not equal to 2x 4, the boundary is not
line.
y 4 2x
1
0 4 2 (0)
04
false
is graph b.
24. Substitute x 2 into the equation 2x 3y 5
to find the corresponding value of y.
2x 3y 5
2122 3y 5
4 3y 5
4 3y 4 5 4
3y 9
y 6 2x 4
0 6 2 102 4
1
false
0 6 4
is graph a.
3y
3
3
y3
The point A (2, 3) is on the graph of
2x 3y 5.
287
Chapter 6
25. Substitute x 0 into the equation 4x 3y 4 to

find the corresponding value of y.
4x 3y 4
4102 3y 4
3y 4
3y
3
10y
10
1
1
13
y 7 2x
1 7 2 112
1
1
1 7 2
true

containing (1, 1) is part of the solution. Shade the
half-plane containing (1, 1).
y
5x 10y 0
29. Step 1 The inequality y 6 x is already solved

Step 2 Graph y x. Since the inequality
includes y values less than x, but not
equal to x, the boundary is not included
y 6 x
0 6 2 true
y 3
27. Step 1 There is no y in the inequality. The

inequality x 2 is already solved for x.
Step 2 Graph x 2. Since x 2 means x 7 2 or
x 2, the boundary is included in the
x2
0 2 false
y
yx
5x
10
1
2x
Step 2 Graph y 2x. Since the inequality

1
includes y values greater than 2x, but
1
not equal to 2x, the boundary line is
line.
y 7
The point 0,
is on the graph of
2x 3y 5. Since the graph of (0, 1) is above
1
the graph of 0, 13 , the point B (0, 1) is above
the graph of 4x 3y 4.
26. Step 1 The inequality y 6 3 is already solved
Step 2 Graph y 3. Since the inequality
includes y values less than 3, but not
equal to 3, the boundary is not
line.
y 6 3
0 6 3 false
x2
Chapter 6

5x 10y 7 0
5x 10y 5x 7 0 5x
10y 7 5x
4
3
y 13
28. Step 1
288
30. Step 1
6 x
2
6 x
y 2
6 x
6 x
Graph y 2 . Since y 2 means
6 x
6 x
y 6 2 or y 2 , the boundary is
2y
2
Step 2
32. Step 1

2y x 6
2y x x 6 x
2y 6 x
12 4x
3
12 4x
y
3
12 4x
12 4x
.
Since y
3
3
12 4x
12 4x
or y
, the
3
3
3y
3
0
Step 2 Graph y
means y 7
line.

boundary should be drawn as a solid line.
y

3y 4x 12
3y 4x 4x 12 4x
3y 12 4x
6 x
2
6 0
2
y
0
true
03
12 4x
3
12 4102
3
false
04
y
2y x 6
O
3y 4x 12
31. Step 1
Solve for y in
6x 3y
6x 3y 6x
3y
3y
3
terms of x.
7 9
7 9 6x
7 9 6x
7
33. Step 1 The inequality y 2x 4 is already

line.
y 2x 4
0 2(0) 4
false
0 4
9 6x
3
y 7 3 2x
includes y values greater than 3 2x,
but not equal to 3 2x, the boundary is
line.
y 7 3 2x
0 7 3 2102
false
0 7 3
y
y 2x 4
6x 3y 9
289
Chapter 6
34. Step 1
Solve for y in
8x 6y
8x 6y 8x
6y
6y
6
36. Step 1
terms of x.
6 10
6 10 8x
6 10 8x
7
y 7
y 7
4
3(x 2y)
3
2y
2
0 7
0 7
18
3
6 x
2
6 x
7
2
6 x
. Since
2
Step 2 Graph y
the inequality
6 x
includes y values greater than 2 , but
6 x
not equal to 2 , the boundary is not
included in the solution set. The boundary
should be drawn as a dashed line.
y 7 3x 3
4
102
3
5
3
x 2y 7 6
x 2y x 7 6 x
2y 7 6 x
10 8x
6
8x 10
6
5
4
x
3
3
5
. Since
3
Step 2 Graph y 3x
the inequality
5
4
includes y values greater than 3x 3,
5
4
but not equal to 3x 3, the boundary is
line.
4

3(x 2y) 7 18
y 7
5
3
0 7
6 x
2
6 0
2
true
0 7 3
true
8x 6y 10
O
x
3(x 2y ) 18
35. Step 1

3x 1 y
y 3x 1
line.
y 3x 1
0 3(0) 1
0 1
false
y
3x 1 y
Chapter 6
290
37. Step 1
42. Let s the number of tickets sold to a single

person. Let c the number of tickets sold to
couples.

1
(2x
2
1
(2) 2 (2x
y) 6 2
y) 6 (2)2
The cost of
one ticket sold
to a single person
2x y 6 4
2x y 2x 6 4 2x
y 6 4 2x
includes y values less than 4 2x, but not
equal to 4 2x, the boundary is not
should be drawn as a dashed line.
y 6 4 2x
0 6 4 2(0)
0 6 4
true
14444244443
the number of
tickets sold to a
single person
times
1
424
3

14
444244
443
plus
1
424
3
the number of
the cost of
tickets sold to
one ticket sold
times
couples
to a couple
is at least $1200
424
3 14
1444
4244443 1
444244
443 1
4
44244
4
3 1
424
3

c

1200
8
This situation is represented by the inequality

5s 8c 1200.
43. Step 1 Solve the inequality from Exercise 42 for
c in terms of s.
5s 8c 1200
5s 8c 5s 1200 5s
8c 1200 5s
8c
1200 5s

8
8
c 150
Step 2
5
s
8
Graph c 150 8s. Since c 150 8s

5
1(
2x y ) 2
2
means c 7 150 8s or c 150 8s, the

line.
5
c 150 8s
38. Let / the length of the package. Let d the
distance around the thickest part of the package.
0 150 8 (0)
false
0 150
Step 4 Examine the solution.
It is not possible to sell a negative number of
tickets. Therefore, the domain and range
contain only nonnegative numbers.
It is not possible to sell a portion of a ticket.
Thus, only points in the shaded half-plane
whose x- and y-coordinates are whole numbers
are possible solutions.
the distance around is less

The length
the thickest part than or
of the
of the package
equal to 108 inches.
longest side plus
1442443 1
424
3 14
44442444
443 14243
1442443
108

/ d 108.
39. The solution set is limited to pairs of positive
numbers.
40. Let t the number of televisions. Let m the
number of microwaves.
The weight
the number
the weight
the number
of one
of
of one
of
television times televisions plus microwave times microwaves
1442443 1
424
3 1442443 1
424
3 1442443 1
424
3 1442443
77
is less
than or
equal to
4000 lb.
4000
55
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
14243 1442443

77t 55m 4000.
41. Substitute the t and m values of the ordered pair
(35, 25) into the inequality from Exercise 40.
77t 55m 4000
77(35) 55(25) 4000
2695 1375 4000
4070 4000 false
Since the ordered pair does not make the
inequality true, the truck will not be able to
deliver 35 televisions and 25 microwaves at once.
The total weight would be greater than 4000 lb.
5s 8c 1200
20
60
40
291
80
100 140 180 220 s

120 160 200 240
Chapter 6
PQ249-6481F-06[292-304] 31/7/02 21:38 Page 292 Sahuja Ahuja_QXP_09:Desktop Folder:Chandra_31-07-2002:249:
46. The amount of money spent in each category

must be less than or equal to the budgeted
amount. How much you spend on individual items
can vary. Answers should include the following.
The domain and range must be positive
integers.
Sample answers: Hannah could buy 5
cafeteria lunches and 3 restaurant lunches, 2
cafeteria lunches and 5 restaurant lunches, or
8 cafeteria lunches and 1 restaurant lunch.
47. D; y 2x 6 5
6 2152 6 5
6 10 6 5
4 6 5 false
48. B; Since 2x y 7 1 does not include 2x y 1,
the boundary should be drawn as a dashed line.
Test (2, 2).
2x y 7 1
2(2) 2 7 1
6 7 1 true
The half-plane containing (2, 2) should be shaded.
44. Since the graph of the ordered pair (100, 125) is in

the shaded half-plane of the graph from Exercise 43,
the values s 100 and c 125 make the inequality
true. So, the committee would cover its expenses if
100 single tickets and 125 couple tickets are sold.
To check algebraically, substitute s 100 and
c 125 into the inequality from Exercise 42.
5s 8c 1200
5(100) 8(125) 1200
500 1000 1200
1500 1200 true
Since the ordered pair makes the inequality true,
the conclusion reached using the graph is correct.
45. First graph y x 1. Since the inequality
includes y x 1, the boundary should be drawn
as a solid line.
Test (0, 0).
001
false
0 1
Shade the half-plane that does not contain the origin.
y
y x 1
Page 357
x
Now graph y x. Since the inequality includes

y x, the boundary should be drawn as a solid
line.
Test (1, 1).
true
1 1
Shade the half-plane that contains (1, 1).
2t
2
14
2
t 7
50. Write x 8 6 6 as x 8 6 6 and x 8

Case 1:
Case 2:
x8 6 6
x8 7
x88 6 68
x88 7
x 6 2
x 7
The solution set is {x 14 6 x 6 2}.
y x
18 1614 12 10 8 6 4 2
7 6.
6
6 8
14
51. Write 2y 5 3 as 2y 5 3 or 2y 5 3.

Case 1:
Case 2:
2y 5 3
2y 5 3
2y 5 5 3 5
2y 5 5 3 5
2y 2
2y 8
To graph the intersection of the graphs of y x 1

and y x, graph both inequalities above on the
the same coordinate plane. The region where the
two shaded half-planes overlap represents the
intersection of the graphs. Only points in this
region will make both inequalities true.
2y
2
2
2
2y
2
8
2
y 1
y 4
The solution set is { y y 4 or y 1}.
yx1
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2
y x
Chapter 6
108 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10
2t
2
2
t4
49. Write 3 2t 0 11 as 3 2t 11 or
3 2t 11.
Case 1:
Case 2:
3 2t 11
3 2t 11
3 2t 3 11 3
3 2t 3 11 3
2t 8
2t 14
292
52.
and
y 6 7 1
y2 6 4
y 6 6 7 1 6
y22 6 42
y 7 7
y 6 6
The solution set is the intersection of the two graphs.
Graph y 7 7.
Graph y 6 6.
10

amount is greater than the original amount, the
percent of change is a percent of increase.
75 53 22
the base.
22
53
22(100) 53(r)
2200 53r
10
10
10
10
10
100
2200
53
53r
53
41.51 r
To the nearest whole percent, the percent of
increase is 42%.
57.
The solution set is {y 7 6 y 6 6}.

53.
or
m4 6 2
m2 7 1
m44 6 24
m22 7 12
m 6 2
m 7 3
Graph m 6 2.
Graph m 7 3.
Find the union.
d 2
3
d 2
3
7
2 3(7)
d 2 21
d 2 2 21 2
d 23
58.
3n 6 15
3n 6 6 15 6
3n 21
3n
3
59.
5
n 7
35 20h 100
35 20h 35 100 35
20h 65
60.
64
4
61.
27c
9
62.
12a 14b
2
27c 192
3c
112a 14b2 122
1 12
112a 14b2 2
1 12
6a 7b
200r
200
63.
1 12
18y 9
3
118y 92 3
113 2
1
1
18y 1 3 2 9 1 3 2
1
1
18y 1 3 2 9 1 3 2
118y 92
6y 3
Page 358
100
or 3.25
12a 2 114b2 2
4211002 1001r2
4200 100r
4200
100
13
4
64 4
16
r
100
14 r
amount is greater than the original amount, the
percent of change is a percent of increase.
142 100 42
as the base.
42
100
65
20
h
2811002 2001r2
2800 200r
2800
200
21
3
20h
20
The solution set is {m m 6 2 or m 7 3}.

amount is less than the original amount, the
percent of change is a percent of decrease.
200 172 28
as the base.
28
200

1. y 3x 1 is shaded below the line.

y 3x 1. y 3x 1 is shaded above the line.
y 3x 1.
100r
100
42 r
293
Chapter 6
2.
KEYSTROKES:
4 , 10
2nd
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
DRAW 7 ( ) 2 X,T,,n
ENTRY
d;
a;
c;
g;
h;
b;
intersection
Addition Property of Inequalities
half-plane
Subtraction Property of Inequalities
union
Division Property of Inequalities
Pages 359362
2a. The lower boundary is y 2x 4. The upper

boundary is Ymax or 10.
2b. The coordinates of any point in the shaded
region are solutions of the inequality. Sample
answer: {(0, 4), (1, 7), (2, 6), (4.2, 1.5)}
3a. The number of
the number of
plus
student
tickets
adult tickets
1442443 123 1442443
x

y
is
at
least
10.
14243
123

10
25
10.
The cost
the number
the cost
of one
of
of one
student
student
adult
ticket
times
tickets
plus
ticket
14243 123 1442443 123 14243
4

x

8
the number
of
times 14
adult
tickets
no more than 1
$80.
123
424
43 is
1442443
23
23
11.
19
17
15
13
11
7
9
5
w 14 23
w 14 14 23 14
w 37
The solution set is {w w 37}.
35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
12.
a6 7
a66 7
a 7
The solution
10
10 6
4
set is {a a 7 4}.
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3
3c. KEYSTROKES: 2nd DRAW 7 ( ) X,T,,n

10 , ( ) 0.5 X,T,,n
10 )
13.
ENTRY
0.11 n 10.042
0.11 n 0.04
0.11 0.04 n 0.04 0.04
0.15 n
0.15 n is the same as n 0.15.
2
14.
3d. The coordinates of any point in the shaded
region are solutions of the inequality. Sample
answer: {(8, 5), (10, 4), (14, 2), (20, 0)} where
(8, 5) represents the purchase of 8 student
tickets and 5 adult tickets, for example.
15.

1. f; set-builder notation
2. e; Multiplication Property of Inequalities
1
2.3 6 g 12.12
2.3 6 g 2.1
2.3 2.1 6 g 2.1 2.1
0.2 6 g
0.2 6 g is the same as g 7 0.2.
The solution set is { g g 7 0.2}.
2
Chapter 6
21
r 7 7 5
r 7 7 7 5 7
r 7 12
The solution set is {r r 7 12}.
15

y

80
So, x y 10 represents the total number of
tickets, and 4x 8y 80 represents the total
cost of the tickets.
3b. Rewrite x y 10 as y x 10. Rewrite
4x 8y 80 as y 0.5x 10. The lower
boundary is y x 10. The upper boundary
is y 0.5x 10.
Page 359

9.
c 51 7 32
c 51 51 7 32 51
c 7 19
The solution set is {c c 7 19}.
1
7h 6h 1
7h 6h 6h 1 6h
h 1
The solution set is {h h 1}.
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
294
16.
5b 7 4b 5
5b 4b 7 4b 5 4b
b 7 5
The solution set is {b b 7 5}.

4h 7 7 15
27.
4h 7 7 7 15 7
4h 7 8
4b
4
2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
h 6 2

21 n (2)
21 n 2
21 2 n 2 2
23 n
18. 15v 7 60
15v
15
The solution set is {h h 6 2}.

28.
60
15
16
8
72
75
15
z5
The solution set is {z z 5}.
21. 9m 6 99
7
99
9
b
12
b
(12) 12
d
13
d
(13) 13
3
(12)3
7 5
56
8
6 (13)(5)
2
w
3
3 2
w
2 3
12
7 22
7
132 2 (22)
w 7 33
The solution set is {w w 7 33}.
25.
3
p
5
5 3
p
3 5
12
15
153 2 (15)
33.
p 25
The solution set is {p p 25}.
0.80n 24
0.80n
0.80
72
8
8q
8
7 6 q
7 6 q is the same as q 7 7.
The solution set is 5q q 7 76.
7(g 8) 6 3(g 2) 4g
32.
7g 56 6 3g 6 4g
7g 56 6 7g 6
7g 56 7g 6 7g 6 7g
56 6 6
Since the inequality results in a false statement,
the solution set is the empty set .
d 6 65
The solution set is {d d 6 65}.
24.
8x
8
b 7 9
The solution set is {b b 7 9}.
5(q 122 6 3q 4
31.
5q 60 6 3q 4
5q 60 5q 6 3q 4 5q
60 6 8q 4
60 4 6 8q 4 4
56 6 8q
b 36
The solution set is {b b 36}.
23.
8b
8
m 7 11
The solution set is {m m 7 11}.
22.
24
6
2 6 x
2 x is the same as x
2.
The solution set is {x x 7 2}.
15b 12 7 7b 60
30.
15b 12 7b 7 7b 60 7b
8b 12 7 60
8b 12 12 7 60 12
8b 7 72
r6
The solution set is {r r 6}.
20. 15z 75
9m
9
n 6 4
The solution set is 5n n 6 46.
5x 3 6 3x 19
29.
5x 3 5x 6 3x 19 5x
3 6 8x 19
3 19 6 8x 19 19
16 6 8x
12
15z
15
5 6n 7 19
5 6n 5 7 19 5
6n 7 24
6n
6
v 7 4
The solution set is 5v v 7 46 .
19. 12r 72
12r
12
8
4
12
2(x 22
3
3 2(x 2)
2
3
4

132 24
x26
x2262
x4
The solution set is {x x 4}.
24
0.80
n 30
295
Chapter 6
1 7n
5
1 7n
(52 5
34.
38.
7 10
7 5(102
or
3w 8 6 2
w 12 7 2 w
3w 8 8 6 2 8
w 12 w 7 2 w w
3w 6 6
2w 12 7 2
1 7n 7 50
1 7n 1 7 50 1
7n 7 49
7n
7
3w
3
2
n
3
132 236
39.
The solution set is 5p|4 6 p 6 26.

37. First express 3 6 2k 1 6 5 using and.
3 6 2k 1
2k 1 6 5
and
3 1 6 2k 1 1
2k 1 1 6 5 1
2 6 2k
2k 6 6
6
10
2
36
n 54
The solution set is 5n n 546.
36. First express 1 6 p 3 6 5 using and.
1 6 p 3
p3 6 5
and
1 3 6 p 3 3
p33 6 53
4 6 p
p 6 2
graphs.
Graph 4 6 p or p 7 4.
Graph p 6 2.
2
2
2w 7 10
w 7 5
Graph w 6 2. Graph w 7 5.
Find the union.
27 27 9 27
12
2w 12 12 7 2 12
2w
2
49
7
27 9
2
n
3
3 2
n
2 3
6
3
w 6 2
n 6 7
2
n
3
2k
2
2k
2
1 6 k
40.
6
2
k 6 3

graphs.
Graph 1 6 k or k 7 1.
Graph k 6 3.
The solution set is {w|w is a real number.}.

or
a38
a 5 21
a3383
a 5 5 21 5
a 11
a 16
Graph a 11.
Graph a 16.
Find the union.
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
The solution set is {a a 11 or a 16}.

and
3m 6 5
m8 6 4
3m3 6 53
m88 6 48
m 6 4
m 6 2
(12(m2 7 (122
m 7 2
graphs.
Graph m 6 4
Graph m 7 2.
5

is the empty set .
The solution set is 5k|1 6 k 6 36.
Chapter 6
296
41.
and
10 2y 7 12
7y 6 4y 9
10 2y 10 7 12 10 7y 4y 6 4y 9 4y
2y 7 2
3y 6 9
2y
2
3y
3
2
2
46. Write r 10 6 3 as r 10 6 3 and

r 10 7 3.
Case 1:
Case 2:
r 10 6 3
r 10 7 3
r 10 10 6 3 10 r 10 10 7 3 10
r 6 7
r 7 13
The solution set is 5r 13 6 r 6 76.
9
3
y 6 1
y 6 3
graphs.
Graph y 6 1.
Graph y 6 3.
1514131211109 8 7 6 5
47. Write t 4 3 as t 4 3 and t 4 3.

Case 1:
Case 2:
t43
t 4 3
t434
t 4 4 3 4
t 1
t 7
The solution set is 5t 7 t 16.
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1
48. Write 0 2x 5 0 6 4 as 2x 5 6 4 and

2x 5 7 4.
Case 1:
Case 2:
2x 5 6 4
2x 5 7 4
2x 5 5 6 4 5
2x 5 5 7 4 5
2x 6 1
2x 7 9
The solution set is 5y y 6 16.

42. Write w 8 12 as w 8 12 or
w 8 12.
Case 1:
Case 2:
w 8 12
w 8 12
w 8 8 12 8
w 8 8 12 8
w 20
w 4
The solution set is 54, 206.
2x
2
1
2
1
2
x 6
2x
2
x 7
9
2
9
2
or 42
The solution set is x 42 6 x 6 2 .
128 4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28
43. Write q 5 2 as q 5 2 or q 5 2.

Case 1:
Case 2:
q52
q 5 2
q5525
q 5 5 2 5
q 3
q 7
The solution set is 57, 36.
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2
49. Write 0 3d 4 0 6 8 as 3d 4 6 8 and

3d 4 7 8.
Case 1:
Case 2:
3d 4 6 8
3d 4 7 8
3d 4 4 6 8 4
3d 4 4 7 8 4
3d 6 4
3d 7 12
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1
44. Write h 5 7 7 as h 5 7 7 or h 5 6 7.

Case 1:
Case 2:
h5 7 7
h 5 6 7
h55 7 75
h 5 5 6 7 5
h 7 2
h 6 12
The solution set is 5h h 6 12 or h 7 26.
3d
3
d 6
4
3
4
3
3d
3
1
12
3
d 7 4
or 13
The solution set is d 4 6 d 6
1
13
6.
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4

16141210 8 6 4 2 0 2 4
45. Write w 8 1 as w 8 1 or w 8 1.

Case 1:
Case 2:
w81
w 8 1
w8818
w 8 8 1 8
w 7
w 9
The solution set is {w w 9 or w 7}.
109 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
2
4
11
3x 2y < 9
3(12 2(32
9
3(32 2(22
13
3(22 2(72
8
3(42 2(112
10
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
True or False
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
false
false
true
false
The ordered pair 5(2, 726 is part of the solution

set.
297
Chapter 6

x
5 y 4x
True or False
5
5 (52 4(22
10 8
true
1
2
574
2 2
false
1
5 6 4(12
1 4
true
3
20
5 20 4(32
15 12
false
112 2
54. Since the boundary is not included in the

solution, draw a dashed line.
Test the point (0, 0).
y 2x 6 3
0 2(0) 6 3
0 6 3 false
The half plane that does not contain (0, 0) should
be shaded.
y
y 2x 3
The ordered pairs {(2, 5), (1, 6)} are part of

the solution set.
x
4
15
1
y
2
1
(152
2
1
72
6x
6 (42
10
1
(12
2
1
2
1
1
(82
2
63
65
43
2
25
1
(252
2
1
122
6 (22
8
True or False
55. Since the boundary is included in the solution,

draw a solid line.
x 2y 4
0 2(0) 4
0 4 false
be shaded.
true
true
false
false
x 2y 4
x
solution set.
x
2x 8 y
true
2(3) 6 8 6
6 6 2
true
4
2(42 6 8 0
8 6 8
false
3
2(32 6 8 6
6 6 2
false
10
True or False
2(5) 6 8 10
10 6 2

draw a solid line.
y 5x 1
0 5(0) 1
01
true
The half plane that contains (0, 0) should be
shaded.
y
The ordered pairs 5(5, 102, (3, 626 are part of the
solution set.
y 5x 1
Chapter 6
298
6.

2x 3y 7 6
2(0) 3(0) 7 6
0 7 6 false
be shaded.
9p 6 8p 18
9p 8p 6 8p 18 8p
p 6 18
Check:
Let p 18
Let p 20
?
9(20) 6 8(20) 18
180 6 160 18
180 6 178
9(18) 6 8(18) 18
?
?
162 6 144 18
162 162
Let p 10.
?
9(10) 6 8(10) 18
?
90 6 80 18
90 98
The solution set is 5p p 6 186.
7.
d 5 6 2d 14
d 5 d 6 2d 14 d
5 6 d 14
5 14 6 d 14 14
9 6 d
9 6 d is the same as d 7 9.
Check:
Let d 9.
Let d 0.
O
2x 3y 6

Page 363
1. 5t t 176
2.
6(a 52 6 2a 8
6a 30 6 2a 8
6a 30 2a 6
4a 30 6
4a 30 30 6
4a 6
4a
4
Original equation
Distributive
Property
2a 8 2a Subtract 2a from
each side.
Simplify.
8
Subtract 30 from
8 30
each side.
Simplify.
22
22
Divide each side
4
by 4.
23 17 6
23 23
Let g 10.
0 5 6 2(02 14
4 6 18 14
4 4
5 14
Let d 12.
?
12 5 6 2(12) 14
?
7 6 24 14
7 6 10
The solution set is 5d|d 7 96.
a 6 5.5
Simplify.
The solution set is 5a a 6 5.56.
3. Sample answer: 2 6 x 6 8 is a compound
inequality that is an intersection since it can be
written using and as 2 6 x and x 6 8.
Sample answer: x 6 2 or x 7 8 is a compound
inequality that is a union since it contains the
word or.
4. Both graphs have dots at 3 and 3. The graph of
x 3 is darkened between the two dots. The
graph of x 3 is darkened to the right of the
dot at 3 and to the left of the dot at 3.
5.
23 g 6
23 6 g 6 6
17 g
Check:
Let g 17.
Let g 20.
?
9 5 6 2(9) 14
8.
7
w
8
8 7
w
7 8
12
21

187 2(21)
w 24
Check:
Let w 24.
Let w 40. Let w 16.
?
7
(242
8
21
?
7
(402
8
21 21
21
35 21
The solution set is 5w w 246.
?
7
(162
8
21
14 21
9. 22b 99
22b
22
99
22
b 4.5
Check:
Let b 4.5.
Let b 6.
?
22(4.5) 99
99 99
23 20 6
23 26
22(6) 99
132 99
Let b 1.
?
22(1) 99
22 99
The solution set is 5b b 4.56.
23 10 6
23 4
The solution set is {g g 17}.
299
Chapter 6
10.
4m 11 8m 7
4m 11 4m 8m 7 4m
11 4m 7
11 7 4m 7 7
18 4m
18
4
13.
4m
4
0.14y
0.14
4.5 m
4.5 m is the same as m 4.5.
Check:
Let m 4.5.
?
4(4.52 11 8(4.52 7
0.3(16) 0.8(4 2)
?
4.8 0.8(6)
4.8 4.8
Let y 10.
?
0.3(10 4) 0.8[0.2(10) 2]
Let m 0.
?
4(02 11 8(02 7
0.3(6) 0.8(2 2)
?
1.8 0.8(4)
1.8 3.2
Let y 30.
?
0.3(30 4) 0.8[0.2(30) 2]
?
0.3(26) 0.8(6 2)
6
3
7.8 0.8(8)
7.8 6.4
14. Let p the selling price of the house.
k 6 2
Check:
Let k 2.
Let k 5.
?
?
3(2 2) 7 12
3(5 2) 7 12
?
The selling
price
minus 1
7%
times the
selling price 14243
is at least 14243
$110,000.
14243
123
23 123
1442443
p
0.07

p

110,000
3(4) 7 12
12 12
Let k 3.
?
3(3 2) 7 12
3(7) 7 12
21 7 12
p 0.07p 110,000
0.93p 110,000
0.93p
0.93
3(1) 7 12
3 12
The solution set is 5k|k 6 26.
f 5
3
f 5
(3) 3
6 r 3
6 r 6 3 6
r 3
r 3 means that the distance between r and
0 is 3 units. Since distance cannot be negative,
there is no real number that makes this
statement true. The solution set is the empty
set .
16. Write |d|
2 as d
2 or d 2.
The solution set is {d|d is a real number}.
15.
7 3
7 (3)(3)
7 9
7 9 5
7 4
Let f 4.
Let f 10.
Let f 5.
?
7 3
?
7 3
10 5
3
15
3
7 3
?
7 3
3 3
5 3
The solution set is { f|f
4}.
Chapter 6
110,000
0.93
The selling price must be at least $118,280.
f5
f55
f
Check:
4 5
3
9
3
p 118,280 1to the nearest dollar2
12.

Let y 20.
?
0.3(20 4) 0.8[0.2(20) 2]
24 11 48 7
11 7
35 41
The solution set is {m m 4.5}.
3(k 2) 7 12
11.
3k 6 7 12
3k 6 6 7 12 6
3k 7 6
6
2.8
0.14
y 20
Check:
18 11 36 7
29 29
Let m 6.
?
4(62 11 8(62 7
3k
3
0.3( y 4) 0.8(0.2y 2)
0.3y 1.2 0.16y 1.6
0.3y 1.2 0.16y 0.16y 1.6 0.16y
0.14y 1.2 1.6
0.14y 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.2
0.14y 2.8
5 5
3
0
3
7 3
?
7 3
0 7 3
300
r3 7 2
17.
20. Write |2a 5| 6 7 as 2a 5 6 7

2a 5 7 7.
Case 1:
Case 2:
2a 5 6 7
2a 5
2a 5 5 6 7 5
2a 5 5
2a 6 12
2a
4r 6 12
and
4r
4
12
4
6
r33 7 23
r 6 3
r 7 1
graphs.
Graph r
1.
Graph r 3.
5
2a
2
2a
2
12
2
3s
3
3n 2 1
3n 2 2 1 2
3n 3
3n
3
15
3
6
2
16
8
s3
3 21 0 1 2 3 4
5 6 7
22. Write |7 5z| 7 3 as 7 5z 7 3 or

7 5z 6 3.
Case 1:
Case 2:
7 5z 7 3
7 5z 6 3
7 5z 7 7 3 7
7 5z 7 6 3 7
5z 7 4
5z 6 10
5z
5
5z
5
4
5

1
n
4
1
(4) 4n
3
(4) (3)
n 12
Check:
Let n 12.
Let n 20.
Let n 4.
p 7 3
2 7 p
graphs.
Graph p 7 3.
Graph p 6 2.
?
1
1122
4
3
?
1
1202
4
3
3 3
5 3
10
5
543 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
8p
8
z 6 0.8
z 7 2
The solution set is {z|z 6 0.8 or z 7 2}.
The solution set is {n|n 1 or n 5}.

19.
and
9 2p 7 3
13 7 8p 3
9 2p 9 7 3 9
13 3 7 8p 3 3
2p 7 6
16 7 8p
2p
2
9
3
The solution set is s|s 13 or s 3 .
n5
n 1
Graph n 5.
Graph n 1.
Find the union.
2
3s
3
5
3
s 3 or 13
3
3
5 6 7
21. Write |7 3s| 2 as 7 3s 2 or 7 3s 2.

Case 1:
Case 2:
7 3s 2
7 3s 2
7 3s 7 2 7
7 3s 7 2 7
3s 5
3s 9
The solution set is {r| 1 r 3}.
3n
3
2
2
or
3n 2 17
3n 2 2 17 2
3n 15
7 7
7 7 5
7 2
a 6 6
a 7 1
The solution set is 5a|1 6 a 6 66.
3 21 0 1 2 3 4
18.
and
?
1
142
4
3
1 3
The solution set is { p|3 6 p 6 2}.
301
Chapter 6

14 3n 6 2
14 3n 14 6 2 14
3n 6 12
3n
3

shaded.
y
12
3
n 7 4
Let n 4.
Let n 2.
Let n 6.
Check:
14 3(4) 6 2
14 3(2) 6 2
y 3x 2
14 3(6) 6 2
14 12 6 2
14 6 6 2
14 18 6 2
2 2
8 2
4 6 2
The solution set is 5n|n 7 46.
13 6 2n 5 6 21
First express 13 6 2n 5 6 21 using and.
and
13 6 2n 5
2n 5 6 21
13 5 6 2n 5 5
2n 5 5 6 21 5
18 6 2n
2n 6 26
18
2
2n
2
2n
2

2x 3y 6 6
2(0) 3(0) 6 6
0 6 6 true
shaded.
y
26
2
9 6 n
n 6 13
The solution set is the intersection of 9 6 n and
n 6 13.
Check:
Substitute a number less than 9, 9, a
number between 9 and 13, 13, and a
number greater than 13.
Let n 2.
Let n 9.
?
13 6 2(2) 5 6 21
?
?
?
Let n 13.
13 6 2(13) 5 6 21
?
13 6 22 5 6 21
13 6 17 6 21

x 2y 7 4
0 2102 7 4
0 7 4 false
be shaded.
Let n 11.
13 6 2(11) 5 6 21
2x 3y 6
13 6 18 5 6 21
13 13 6 21
x
O
13 6 2(9) 5 6 21
13 6 4 5 6 21
13 1 6 21
?
13 6 26 5 6 21
13 6 21 21
Let n 15.
?
13 6 2(15) 5 6 21
?
13 6 30 5 6 21
13 6 25 21
26. Let m the number of miles Megan drives.
x 2y 4
Then 15 represents the number of miles per gallon

Megans car gets.
If 18 6
18
m
6
15
m
6 15
21, then 18 6
and
115218 6 1152 15
m
m
15
and
m
15
m
1152 15
m
15
6 21.
30. B; Find the point that is the same distance from

3 as the distance from 7. The midpoint of 3
and 7 is 2.
6 21
6 115221
5 units
270 6 m
m 6 315
So, 270 6 m 6 315.
Megan can drive between 270 and 315 miles.
draw a solid line. Test the point (0, 0).
y 3x 2
0 3(0) 2
true
0 2
Chapter 6
5 units
All points on the graph are at least 5 units from 2.

So, an inequality is |x 2| 5.
302
9. C; The graph is the intersection of x 2 and

x 6 3. The compound inequality
x 2 and x 6 3 can be expressed as
2 x 6 3.
10. There are 6 possible outcomes; 4 are successes
and 2 are failures.
So, the odds of rolling a number less than five are
4
2
or 1 or 2:1.
2

Pages 364365
3
1. B; 9 7 3
1
3 7 3
2. D; (6) (7) 42
3. C;
V r2h
5625 r2 1252
5625
25
11. Since 1 h 60 min, 54 miles per hour is the same

54 mi
as 54 miles per 60 minutes, or 60 min.
Let m the number of minutes it will take to
travel 117 mi.
r2
225 r2
15 r
The radius is 15 cm.
4. B; Let h the number of hours worked.
80 65h 177.50
80 65h 80 177.50 80
65h 97.50
65h
65
54
60

54m
54
4(220 15)
5
412052
12
48
5
820
5
3
4
16
3
1
4

12
3

12
2
8
1200
48
The sum of the grades divided by

(78 82 75 x)
So, the inequality is
8
32
m
m 1
Step 2 You know the slope and two points.
Choose one point and find the y-intercept.
In this case, (2, 1) is used.
y mx b
1 1(2) b
1 2 b
1 2 2 b 2
3b
Step 3 Write the slope-intercept form using
m 1 and b 3.
y mx b
y 1x 3
the number must be

of4244
grades
at least 80.
14
3 14243 123
4
1 4
(1)
3
3
m2

12
12
78 82 75 x
4
48r
48
y2 y1
The difference of x values is 3, and the difference

of y values is 12. The difference of y values is four
times the difference of x values. This suggests
y 4x.
Check:
If x 8, then y 4(8) or 32.
Thus, y 4x describes this set of data.
8. B;
1444442444443 14
4244
3
mx x
2
1

5
20
100
25 r
13. Select two points on the line, for example (1, 4)
and (2, 1).
Step 1 Find the slope of the line containing the
points.
Let (x , y ) (1, 4) and (x , y ) (2, 1).
1 1
2 2
3
7020
54
12(100) 48(r)
1200 48r
164
Camerons recommended maximum pulse rate is
164.
6. A; For the function y 2x 1, every ordered pair
that satisfies the equation can be written as
(x, 2x 1) . To translate the graph of this function
3 units up, add 3 to the y-coordinate of each point
on the graph.
P(x, 2x 1) S P(x, (2x 1) 3) S P(x, 2x 2)
So, the equation that represents the new line, or
image, is y 2x 2.
7. D;
x
y
m 130
It will take 130 min to travel 117 mi.
Find the change.
48 36 12
the base.
97.50
65
117
m
54(m) 60(117)
54m 7020
h 1.5
The technician worked 1.5 h.
4(220 A)
5. B; P
5
P
80
80.
303
Chapter 6
19. A; Since x 7 5 or x 6 7, the distance from 0 to x

is greater than 5 units.
Since 3 y 4, the distance from 0 to y is less
than 4 units.
A number |x| that is greater than 5 is greater
than a number |y| that is less than 4. So, the
quantity in Column A is greater.
20a.
10 ft
14. The line parallel to 3y 3x 1 has the same

slope. Rewrite the equation of the line in slopeintercept form, y mx b.
1
y
3
3x 1
12
(3) 3y (3) 3x 1
y 2x 3
The slope of the line is 2.
1
15. 2 (10x 8) 3(x 1) 15

5x 4 3x 3 15
2x 1 15
2x 1 1 15 1
2x 16
2x
2
16
2
10 ft
x8
The solution set is 5x|x 86.
16. Write |x 3| 7 5 as x 3 7 5 and x 3 6 5.
Case 1:
Case 2:
x3 7 5
x 3 6 5
x33 7 53
x 3 3 6 5 3
x 7 8
x 6 2
The solution set is {x|x 6 2 and x 7 8}.
y 6 2x 4
0 6 2102 4
true
0 6 4
The half plane that contains (0, 0) should be shaded.
91 ft
Let / the length of the house.

The length
cannot be the length decreased
the number
of the house greater than of the lot
by
10 ft times of edges.
1442443 1442443 1442443 1442443 123 123 1442443
91
10
So, the inequality for the possible lengths of the

house is / 91 20, or / 71. Therefore, the
length of the house is at most 71 ft.
20b. If A the area of the house, then
2800 A 3200.
Since A /w, then 2800 /w 3200.
If the house has the maximum possible length,
then / 71, so 2800 71w 3200.
First express 2800 71w 3200 using and.
Then solve each inequality.
and
2800 71w
71w 3200
y 2x 4
2800
71
18. B; Use a calculator to find an approximation for

168.
168 8.246211251...
Therefore, 168 6 9. So, the quantity in Column
B is greater.
Chapter 6
158 ft
10 ft
10 ft
71w
71
39 w
(to the nearest ft)
71w
71
3200
71
w 45
The solution set is 5w|39 w 456.

The width of the house can be between 39 and
45 ft, inclusive.
304
PQ249-6481F-07[305-325] 8/6/02 08:38 PM Page 305 Sahuja Ahuja_QXP_03:Desktop Folder:6/8/02:
Chapter 7
Page 367
Solving Systems of Linear Equations and Inequalities

the points.
Getting Started
1. The only value in the range is 1. Select five

values for the domain and make a table.
x
3
1
0
2
4
y
y4x
(x, y)
(3, 1)
(1, 1)
(0, 1)
(2, 1)
(4, 1)
y
1
1
1
1
1

the points.

y 2x 3
0 2x 3
0 3 2x 3 3
3 2x
y
y1
3
2
2x
2(2)
2(1)
2(0)
2(1)
2(2)
y
4
2
0
2
4
2x
2
1.5 x
y 2x 3
y 2(0) 3
y3
them.

table.
x
2
1
0
1
2
(x, y)
(2, 4)
(1, 2)
(0, 0)
(1, 2)
(2, 4)

the points.
y 2x 3
y
y 2x

y 5 2x
0 5 2x
0 2x 5 2x 2x
2x 5
2x
2

table.
x
1
0
2
4
5
4x
4 (1)
40
42
44
45
y
5
4
2
0
1
2
x 2.5
y 5 2x
y 5 2(0)
y5
(x, y)
(1, 5)
(0, 4)
(2, 2)
(4, 0)
(5, 1)
305
Chapter 7

them.
9.
7bc d
10
7bc d
(10) 10
(10)12
7bc d 120
7bc d d 120 d
7bc 120 d
y 5 2x
120 d
7c
120 d
b 7c
120 d
of b is 7c .
7bc
7c
12
The value
undefined, 7c 0 or c 0.
10.

1
y 2x 2
7m n
2m
7m n
2m
0 2 2x 2 2
1
2 2x
y 2x 2
1
y 2 (0) 2
y2
them.
y
1
4x a 6x
4x a 4x 6x 4x
a 2x
2x
2
x
a
The value of x is 2 .
8a y 16
8a y y 16 y
8a 16 y
The
16 y
8
16 y
a 8
16 y
value of a is 8 .
Chapter 7
q
14. (8x 4y) (8x 5y) 8x 4y 8x 5y

8x 8x 4y 5y
(8 8)x (4 5)y
0x (1)y
y
15. 4(2x 3y) (8x y)
4 # 2x 4 # 3y 8x (y)
8x 12y 8x y
8x 8x 12y y
(8 8)x (12 1)y
0x 13y
13y
16. 3(x 4y) (x 12y) 3 x 3 4y x 12y
3x 12y x 12y
3x x 12y 12y
(3 1)x (12 12)y
4x 0y
4x
17. 2(x 2y) (3x 4y) 2 x 2 2y 3x 4y
2x 4y 3x 4y
2x 3x 4y 4y
(2 3)x (4 4)y
5x 0y
5x
8a
8
2qm
2m
16x 11x 3y 3y
(16 11)x (3 3)y
27x 0y
27x
y 2x2
8.
7m n
4 x
(q)2m
The value of q is 2m . Since division by 0 is

undefined, 2m 0 or m 0.
11. (3x y) (2x y) 3x y 2x y
3x 2x y y
(3 2)x (1 1)y
1x 0y
x
12. (7x 2y) (7x 4y) 7x 2y 7x 4y
7x 7x 2y 4y
(7 7)x (2 4)y
0x (6)y
6y
13. (16x 3y) (11x 3y) 16x 3y 11x 3y
(2)(2) (2) 2x
a
2
a
2
2m
7m n 2qm
0 2x 2
7.
7m n
q
7m n
(q) q
306
18. 5(2x y) 2(5x 3y)

5 2x 5 y 2 5x 2 3y
10x 5y 10x 6y
10x 10x 5y 6y
(10 10)x (5 6)y
0x (11)y
11y
19. 3(x 4y) 2(2x 6y)
3 x 3 4y 2 2x 2 (6y)
3x 12y 4x (12)y
3x 4x 12y 12y
(3 4)x (12 12)y
7x 0y
7x
Page 368
7-1
Pages 371372
y
(2, 3)
True or
False?
y 375 0.15x
The system of equations has one solution at

(2, 3) since the graphs intersect at (2, 3).
2. Always; if a system of linear equations has 2
solutions, the graphs are the same line and there
are infinitely many solutions.
3. Sample answer: The graphs of the equations
x y 3 and 2x 2y 6 have a slope of 1.
Since the graphs of the equations coincide, there
are infinitely many solutions.
True or
False?
true
410 375 0.15(100)

410 390
false
true
100
410 410 400 0.1(100)

410 410
300
420 420 400 0.1(300)

420 430
false
420 375 0.15(300)

420 420
500
450 450 400 0.1(500)

450 450
true
450 375 0.15(500)

450 450
true
900
510 900 400 0.1(900)

900 490
false
510 375 0.15(900)

510 510
true
4. Since the graphs of y x 4 and y 3 x 2

intersect, there is one solution.
1
Job Salaries
Series 1
450
400
350
y 2x
(0, 0)
Series 2
0
20
0
40
0
60
0
80
0
10
00
Total Weekly Salary
7. Since the graphs of x y 4 and y 3x 4

8.
y
550
500
5. Since the graphs of y 3 x 2 and y 3 x 2 are

parallel, there are no solutions.
6. Since the graphs of x y 4 and y x 4
coincide, there are infinitely many solutions.
Since only the ordered pair (500, 450) makes both

statements true, the correct choice is c.
4.
y 400 0.1x
1. Sample answer:
1. y 400 0.1x
2. y 375 0.15x
3. Make a table. Substitute each ordered pair into
both equations.
x
Graphing Systems of Equations
y x
Weekly Sales
The two lines intersect at (500, 450). If

Mr. Winter makes $500 in sales, he will make
$450 for either job.
5. Sample answer: Write and graph two linear
equations. Find the point where the graphs
intersect.
The graphs appear to intersect at the point with

coordinates (0, 0). Check this estimate by
replacing x with 0 and y with 0 in each equation.
Check:
y x
y 2x
?
?
0 2(0)
0 0
00
00
There is one solution. It is (0, 0).
307
Chapter 7
13.
9. y
xy8
xy2
xy2
(1, 3)
(5, 3)
y 4x 7
x

Check:
xy8
xy2
?
?
538
532
88
22
10.

replacing x with 1 and y with 3 in each
equation.
Check:
xy2
y 4x 7
?
?
3 4(1) 7
1 3 2
?
22
3 4 7
33
14. Let a the price for an adult, and let
c the price for a child.
Rodriguez family: 2a 3c 40.50
Wong family:
3a c 38.00
Graph the equations 2a 3c 40.50 and
3a c 38.
y
2x 4y 2
O
3x 6y 3
11.
Price of Child Ticket
The graphs of the equations coincide. Since every

point is a point of intersection, there are infinitely
many solutions to this system of equations.
y
xy4
3y 2x 9
(10.5, 6.5)
2a 3c 40.50

coordinates (10.5, 6.5). Check this estimate by
replacing a with 10.5 and c with 6.5 in each
equation.
Check:
2a 3c 40.50
3a c 38.00
?
?
2(10.5) 3(6.5) 40.50 3(10.5) 6.5 38.00
?
?
31.5 6.5 38.00
21 19.5 40.50
40.5 40.50
38 38.00
The price for an adult was $10.50, and the price
for a child was $6.50.
The graphs of the equations are parallel lines.

Since they do not intersect, there are no solutions
to this system of equations.
12.
3a c 38
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 a
Price of Adult Ticket
O
xy1
c
36
32
28
24
20
16
12
8
4
(3, 1)
x
xy2
Pages 372374

Check:
xy2
3y 2x 9
?
?
312
3(1) 2(3) 9
?
22
369
99
Chapter 7
Practice and Apply
15. Since the graphs of x 3 and y 2x 1

16. Since the graphs of y x 2 and y 2x 4
17. Since the graphs of y x 2 and y x 2
18. Since the graphs of y 2x 1 and y 2x 4 are
parallel, there are no solutions.
308
19. Since the graphs of y 3x 6 and y 2x 4

20. Since the graphs of 2y 4x 2 and y 2x 4
are parallel, there are no solutions.
23.
y
26.
x
(2, 2)
y x
The graphs appear to intersect at (2, 2). Check

in each equation.
y x
y 2x 6
Check:
?
?
2 (2)
2 2(2) 6
?
2 2
2 4 6
2 2
4x y 2
y 6
(2, 6)
27.

in each equation.
y 6
4x y 2
Check:
?
6 6
4(2) (6) 2
?
8 (6) 2
22
24.
y 2x 6
y 3x 4
y 3x 4 (0, 4)

in each equation.
y 3x 4
y 3x 4
Check:
?
?
4 3(0) 4
4 3(0) 4
4 4
4 4
x2
3x y 8
O
(2, 2)
28.
in each equation.
x2
3x y 8
Check:
?
22
3(2) (2) 8
?
628
88
25.
y 2x 6
(3, 0)
y
(4, 2)

in each equation.
y 2x 6
y x 3
Check:
?
?
0 (3) 3
0 2(3) 6
?
?
0 6 6
033
00
00
y 1x
2
y
y x 3
2x y 10
The graphs appear to intersect at (4, 2). Check in

each equation.
Check:
y 2x
2
? 1
2 (4)
22
2x y 10
?
2(4) 2 10
?
8 2 10
10 10
309
Chapter 7
29.
33.
16
3x y 6
12
(2, 0 )
5x 3y 6
(6, 8)
4
2x y 4
x 2y 2
16 12 8

each equation.
Check:
x 2y 2
3x y 6
?
?
2 2(0) 2
3(2) 0 6
22
66
30.
xy 2
O x
4

in each equation.
Check:
2x y 4
5x 3y 6
?
?
2(6) 8 4
5(6) 3(8) 6
?
?
12 8 4
30 24 6
4 4
6 6
34.
5x 8y 17
(2, 4)
(3, 4)
2y x 10
x
O
O

in each equation.
Check:
xy2
2y x 10
?
?
2 4 2
2(4) (2) 10
?
22
8 2 10
10 10
31.
35.
3x 2y 12
y
2y 6x 6
3x 2y 6
3x y 3

y
2x 3y 4
O

4x 6y 8

Chapter 7

each equation.
Check:
4x 3y 24
5x 8y 17
?
?
4(3) 3(4) 24
5(3) 8(4) 17
?
?
12 12 24
15 32 17
24 24
17 17
32.
4x 3y 24
310
36.
40.
12
10
8
6
4
2
3y x 5
yx3
(1, 2)
2
2
4

in each equation.
Check:
yx3
3y x 5
?
?
2 1 3
3(2) (1) 5
?
22
615
55
37.
x
O
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
1
1
x 3y 6
2
1
x
2
3y 6
?
3 (6) 6
?
426
66
y 2x 2
? 1
6 2 (8) 2
?
642
66
41. Let the length of the rectangle, and let

w the width of the rectangle.
/ 2w 1
2/ 2w 40
Graph the equations / 2w 1 and
2/ 2w 40.
yx4
Length (m)
The graphs appear to intersect at (1, 5).

Check in each equation.
Check:
2x 3y 17
yx4
?
?
2(1) 3(5) 17
5 1 4
?
2 (15) 17
5 5
17 17
y
l
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
(7, 13)
2l 2w 40
l 2w 1
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 w
Width (m)

in each equation.
/ 2w 1
2/ 2w 40
Check:
?
?
2(13) 2(7) 40
13 2(7) 1
?
?
13 14 1
26 14 40
13 13
40 40
The length of the rectangle is 13 m, and the width
of the rectangle is 7 m.
(8, 6)
1
(8)
2
38.
Check:
(1, 5)
y 1x 2

each equation.
y
2x 3y 17
3y 2x
2
y 3x5

39.
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
2
y
3
6 8y x
2
1
x 4y 4
3
x
O
2 4 6 8 10 12 14

311
Chapter 7
42. Graph the equations y 2x 6, 3x 2y 19,

and y 2.
3x 2y 19
y2
y
y 2x 6
10
8
6
Height (m)
14
Graph the equations h 10 15m and

h 150 20m.
(1, 8)
(2, 2)
(5, 2)
O
8 6 4 22
2 4 6 8x
The graphs of y 2x 6 and 3x 2y 19

appear to intersect at (1, 8). Check in each
equation.
Check:
y 2x 6
3x 2y 19
?
?
8 2(1) 6
3(1) 2(8) 19
?
?
826
3 16 19
88
19 19
The graphs of y 2x 6 and y 2 appear to
intersect at (2, 2). Check in each equation.
Check:
y2
y 2x 6
?
22
2 2(2) 6
?
2 4 6
22
The graphs of 3x 2y 19 and y 2 appear to
intersect at (5, 2). Check in each equation.
y2
3x 2y 19
Check:
?
22
3(5) 2(2) 19
?
15 4 19
19 19
Therefore, the coordinates of the vertices of the
triangle are (1, 8), (2, 2), and (5, 2).
43. The base of the triangle from Exercise 42 is the
segment joining the points with coordinates (2, 2)
and (5, 2). The length of this segment is 7 units,
so b 7. The height of the triangle is 6 units, the
length of the segment joining the points with
coordinates (1, 2) and (1, 8). Thus, h 6.
Substitute b 7 and h 6 in the formula for the
h 150 20m
h 10 15m
(4, 70)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9m
Minutes
Total Amount Saved

in each equation.
Check:
h 10 15m
h 150 20m
?
?
70 10 15(4)
70 150 20(4)
?
?
70 150 80
70 10 60
70 70
70 70
The balloons will be the same height in 4 min.
45. Substitute m 4 in each equation from
Exercise 44.
h 10 15m
h 150 20m
h 10 15(4)
h 150 20(4)
h 10 60
h 150 80
h 70
h 70
In 4 min, both balloons will be 70 m high.
46. Let a the total amount saved, and let
w the number of weeks.
Monica: a 25 5w
Michael: a 16 8w
Graph the equations a 25 5w and
a 16 8w.
area of a triangle, A 2bh.

1
A 2bh
a
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
a 25 5w
(3, 40)
a 16 8w
A 276
A 21
So, the area of the triangle is 21 units2.
44. Let h the height of the balloon in meters, and
let m the number of minutes.
Balloon 1: h 10 15m
Balloon 2: h 150 20m
Chapter 7
h
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
2
3
4
Number of Weeks

replacing w with 3 and a with 40 in each
equation.
Check:
a 25 5w
a 16 8w
?
?
40 25 5(3)
40 16 8(3)
?
?
40 16 24
40 25 15
40 40
40 40
Monica and Michael will have saved the same
amount in 3 weeks.
312
Substitute A 4 into the equation

2A 3B 20, and solve for B.
2A 3B 20
2(4) 3B 20
8 3B 20
8 3B 8 20 8
3B 12
Population
(millions of people)
47. Substitute w 3 in each equation from

Exercise 46.
a 25 5w
a 16 8w
a 25 5(3)
a 16 8(3)
a 25 15
a 16 24
a 40
a 40
Monica and Michael will each have saved $40.
48. For each of the years shown, the profit of the
Widget Company is greater than the profit of the
Gadget Company. For example, the profit of the
Widget Company in year 1 appears to be
$6,000,000. This is greater than the profit of the
Gadget Company in year 1, which appears to be
$3,000,000.
49. Since the slopes of the graphs for both companies
appear to be the same, the rates of growth appear
to be the same. Thus, neither company has a
greater rate of growth.
50. The graphs are parallel, so the lines will never
meet. Thus, there is no year when the profits of
the two companies will be equal if the profit
patterns continue.
51. Let t the number of years since 1990, and let
p the population of the Midwest in millions of
people.
p 60 0.4t
52. Let t the number of years since 1990, and let
p the population of the West in millions of
people.
p 53 1t or p 53 t
53.
p
80
3B
3
B 4
So, A 4 and B 4.
56. Graphs can show when the sales of one item are
greater than the sales of the other item and when
the sales of the items are equal. Answers should
The sales of cassette singles equaled the sales
of CD singles in about 5 years or by the end of
1996.
The graph of each equation contains all of the
points whose coordinates satisfy the equation.
If a point is contained in both lines, then its
coordinates satisfy both equations.
1
57. B; Since the graphs of y 3 x 2 and

1
y 3 x 1 are parallel, the system of equations
has no solution.
58. B; Since the graphs of 4x y 7 and 3x y 0
y
3x y 0
4x y 7
p 60 0.4t
60
12
3
(1, 3)
(11.7, 64.7)
p 53 t
40
20
t
O
4
6
8
10
Years Since 1990
Page 374
12
54. The graphs appear to intersect at (11.7, 64.7).

Check:
p 60 0.4t
p 53 t
?
?
64.7 60 0.4(11.7) 64.7 53 11.7
?
64.7 60 4.68
64.7 64.7
?
64.7 64.68
64.7 64.7 (to the nearest tenth)
Since t 11.7, the populations will be the same
about 11.7 yr after 1990, or sometime in 2001.
55. Since (2, 3) is the solution of the system of
equations, replace x with 2 and y with 3 in each
equation.
Ax y 5
Ax By 20
A(2) (3) 5
A(2) B(3) 20
2A 3 5
2A 3B 20
2A 3 3 5 3
2A 8
2A
2

x
1
y
4
1
6
7
y 2x
4 2(1)
42
5 2(1)
5 2
6 2(5)
6 10
0 2(7)
0 14
True or False
false
false
true
false

set of y 2x.
2
A4
313
Chapter 7

x
4
y
2
3
y 8 3x
2 8 3(4)
2 20
0 8 3(3)
0 17
4 8 3(1)
45
8 8 3(1)
85
66.
True or False
true
4a
4
true
true
67.
false
7m n
q
7m n
(q) q
10
(q)10
7m n 10q
7m n
10
7m n
10
10q
10
q
The value of q is
68.
5tz s
2
5tz s
(2) 2
7m n
.
10
6
(2)6
5tz s 12
5tz s s 12 s
5tz 12 s
12 s
5t
12 s
z 5t
12 s
value of z is 5t .
5tz
5t
The
undefined, 5t 0 or t 0.
Page 375

1. Step 1 Each of the equations is already solved

for y.
y 3x 4
y 0.5x 6
Step 2 Enter these equations in the Y list
and graph.
Step 3 Use the CALC menu to find the point of
intersection.
KEYSTROKES: 2nd [CALC] 5 ENTER
113 2 (x 3)
3y 6 x 3
3y 6 3 x 3 3
3y 3 x
3y 3 3y x 3y
3 x 3y
The standard form of the equation is x 3y 3.
64.
y 4 6 (x 2)
y 4 6x 12
y 4 4 6x 12 4
y 6x 8
y 6x 6x 8 6x
6x y 8
65.
12x y 10x
12x y 10x 10x 10x
2x y 0
2x y y 0 y
2x y
The value of y is 2x.
Chapter 7
The value of a is 4 or 4 b.
y 2 3 (x 3)
3( y 2) 3
4
a 4
The ordered pairs {(4, 2), (3, 0), (1, 4)} are part
of the solution set of y 8 3x.
61. Let n the number of ounces of perfume in a bottle.
The difference between the actual number and
2 is less than 0.05.
|n 2| 6 0.05
Write |n 2| 6 0.05 as n 2 6 0.05 and
n 2 7 0.05.
Case 1:
n 2 6 0.05
n 2 2 6 0.05 2
n 6 2.05
Case 2:
n 2 7 0.05
n 2 2 7 0.05 2
n 7 1.95
The solution set is {n|1.95 n 2.05}.
A bottle is accepted if it contains between 1.95
and 2.05 oz of perfume.
62.
y 1 4(x 5)
y 1 4x 20
y 1 1 4x 20 1
y 4x 19
y 4x 4x 19 4x
4x y 19
(1)(4x y) (1) (19)
4x y 19
63.
6a b 2a
6a b 2a 2a 2a
4a b 0
4a b b 0 b
4a b
ENTER ENTER
The solution is approximately (2.86, 4.57).
2. Step 1 Each of the equations is already solved
for y.
y 2x 5
y 0.2x 4
See Steps 2 and 3 in Exercise 1.
314
8. Step 1 Solve each equation for y to enter them

into the calculator.
2x 3y 11
4x y 6
2x 3y 2x 11 2x 4x y 4x 6 4x
3y 11 2x
y 6 4x

x y 5.35
x y x 5.35 x
y 5.35 x
3x y 3.75
3x y 3x 3.75 3x
y 3.75 3x
(1)(y) (1)(3.75 3x)
y 3.75 3x
0.35x y 1.12
0.35x y 0.35x 1.12 0.35x
y 1.12 0.35x
(1)(y) (1)(1.12 0.35x)
y 1.12 0.35x
2.25x y 4.05
2.25x y 2.25x 4.05 2.25x
y 4.05 2.25x
1.5x y 6.7
1.5x y 1.5x 6.7 1.5x
y 6.7 1.5x
5.2x y 4.1
5.2x y 5.2x 4.1 5.2x
y 4.1 5.2x
(1)(y) (1)(4.1 5.2x)
y 4.1 5.2x
5.4x y 1.8
5.4x y 5.4x 1.8 5.4x
y 1.8 5.4x
(1)(y) (1)(1.8 5.4x)
y 1.8 5.4x
6.2x y 3.8
6.2x y 6.2x 3.8 6.2x
y 3.8 6.2x
5x 4y 26
4x 2y 53.3
5x 4y 5x 26 5x
4x 2y 4x 53.3 4x
4y 26 5x
2y 53.3 4x
4y
4
y
26 5x
4
26
5x
4 4
y 6.5 1.25x
The solution is (10.2, 6.25).
2y
2
y
3y
3
y
11 2x
3
11
2
3x
3

0.22x 0.15y 0.30
0.22x 0.15y 0.22x 0.30 0.22x
0.15y 0.30 0.22x
0.15y
0.15
y
y
0.30 0.22x
0.15
0.30
0.22x
0.15
0.15
22
2 15x
0.33x y 6.22
0.33x y 0.33x 6.22 0.33x
y 6.22 0.33x
125x 200y 800
125x 200y 125x 800 125x
200y 800 125x
200y
200
y
800 125x
200
800
125x
200 200
y 4 0.625x
65x 20y 140
65x 20y 65x 140 65x
20y 140 65x
20y
20
y
140 65x
20
140
65x
20 20
y 7 3.25x
53.3 4x
2
53.3
4x
2
2
y 26.65 2x
315
Chapter 7
Page 379
Substitution
7-2
Page 376
Algebra Activity
1. Step 1 Model the equation. Since y x 4, use

1 positive x tile and 4 negative 1 tiles to
represent y.
3x
1 1
1 1
10y
10
3x y 8
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
Separate the tiles into 4 groups.
4x
4
x3
3.
4.
5.
So, the value of x is 3.

Replace x with 3 in the equation and solve for y.
yx4
y34
y 1
The value of y is 1.
Since x 3 and y 1, the solution of the
system of equations is the ordered pair (3, 1).
On an equation mat, use algebra tiles to model
4x 3y 10 using 1 positive x tile and 1 positive
1 tile to represent each y. Use what you know
about equation mats to solve for x. Use the value of
x and y x 1 to solve for y. The solution is (1, 2).
This method is called substitution since you
substitute a representation of y for y.
Chapter 7
12
4
x3
Substitute 3 for x in either equation to find the
value of y.
y4x
y43
y1
The solution is (3, 1).
6. Since x 1 4y, substitute 1 4y for x in the
first equation.
2x 7y 3
2(1 4y) 7y 3
2 8y 7y 3
2y3
2y232
y 1
(1) (y) (1)1
y 1
Substitute 1 for y in either equation to find the
value of x.
x 1 4y
x 1 4(1)
x14
x5
2.
or 1.5
Use x 2y to find the value of x.

x 2y
x 2(1.5)
x3
The solution is (3, 1.5).
5. Since y 3x 8, substitute 3x 8 for y in the
second equation.
y4x
3x 8 4 x
3x 8 8 4 x 8
3x 12 x
3x x 12 x x
4x 12
4x 12
Step 3
15
10
y2
Step 2 Add 4 positive 1 tiles to each side to

isolate the x tiles. Remove zero pairs.
1. Substitution may result in a more accurate

solution than graphing.
2. Since the statement 4 2 is false, there are no
solutions of the system of equations. This means
that the graphs do not intersect, so they are
graphs of parallel lines.
3. Sample answer: y x 3 and 2y 2x 6
4. Since x 2y, substitute 2y for x in the second
equation.
4x 2y 15
4(2y) 2y 15
8y 2y 15
10y 15
316
Since both vehicles travel the same distance, t c.

Use substitution to solve this system.

first equation.
6x 2y 4
6x 2(3x 2) 4
6x 6x 4 4
4 4
The statement 4 4 is true. This means that
there are infinitely many solutions of the system
of equations.
8. Solve the second equation for x since the
coefficient of x is 1.
xy8
xyy8y
x8y
Find the value of y by substituting 8 y for x in
the first equation.
x 3y 12
(8 y) 3y 12
8 4y 12
8 4y 8 12 8
4y 4
4y
4
c
200
c
200
c
(152,600) 200
563c
563
17x
17
13 2
3x 5 5x 15
3x 3x 15
0 15
The statement 0 15 is false. This means that
there is no solution of the system of equations.
10. Let t the distance traveled by the Thrust SSC
in miles, and let c the distance traveled by the
car in miles. Use a table to organize the
information.
763
t
763
Car
200
c
200
11y
11
76,300
563
Practice and Apply
34
17
44
11
y4
x 4y
x 4(4)
x 16
13. Since x 4y 5, substitute 4y 5 for x in the
second equation.
x 3y 2
4y 5 3y 2
4y 5 5 3y 2 5
4y 3y 7
4y 3y 3y 7 3y
y 7
Use x 4y 5 to find the value of x.
x 4y 5
x 4(7) 5
x 28 5
x 23
Since the car had a head start of one-half hour,

c
200
x2
Use y 5x to find the value of y.
y 5x
y 5(2)
y 10
12. Since x 4y, substitute 4y for x in the second
equation.
2x 3y 44
2(4y) 3y 44
8y 3y 44
11y 44
Thrust SSC
1 763c 12 2
11. Since y 5x, substitute 5x for y in the second

equation.
2x 3y 34
2x 3(5x) 34
2x 15x 34
17x 34
9. Since y 5 x, substitute 5 x for y in the second

equation.
3x 5y 15
Distance
(152,600)
Pages 379381
y1
value of x.
xy8
x18
x1181
x9
Time
763 2
c 135.5 (to the nearest tenth)

The Thrust SSC will pass the car at about
135.5 mi.
Rate
763c 200c 76,300

763c 200c 200c 76,300 200c
563c 76,300
4
763 2
763 2.
317
Chapter 7

second equation.
y 4x 1
2x 3 4x 1
2x 3 3 4x 1 3
2x 4x 4
2x 4x 4x 4 4x
2x 4
2x
2
18. Solve the second equation for y since the

coefficient of y is 1.
3x y 9
3x y 3x 9 3x
y 9 3x
Find the value of x by substituting 9 3x for y
in the first equation.
2x y 4
2x (9 3x) 4
2x 9 3x 4
9 x 4
9 x 9 4 9
x 13
(1) (x) (1) (13)
x 13
value of y.
3x y 9
3(13) y 9
39 y 9
39 y 39 9 39
y 30
x 3y 1
x 3y 3y 1 3y
x 1 3y
Find the value of y by substituting 1 3y for x in
the first equation.
3x 5y 11
3(1 3y) 5y 11
3 9y 5y 11
3 4y 11
3 4y 3 11 3
4y 8
4
2
x2
Use y 2x 3 to find the value of y.
y 2x 3
y 2(2) 3
y43
y7
15. Since c d 1, substitute d 1 for c in the first
equation.
4c 3d 3
4(d 1) 3d 3
4d 4 3d 3
4d 4 4 3d 3 4
4d 3d 7
4d 3d 3d 7 3d
d7
Use c d 1 to find the value of c.
cd1
c71
c6
first equation.
4x 5y 11
4x 5(3x 13) 11
4x 15x 65 11
19x 65 11
19x 65 65 11 65
19x 76
19x
19
4y
4
y2
value of x.
x 3y 1
x 3(2) 1
x61
x6616
x7
76
19
x4
y 3x 13
y 3(4) 13
y 12 13
y 1
coefficient of y is l.
4x y 11
4x y 4x 11 4x
y 11 4x
8x 2y 13
8x 2(11 4x) 13
8x 22 8x 13
22 13
there is no solution of this system of equations.
Chapter 7
4
318
Find the value of r by substituting 5 5r for s

in the second equation.
4r 5s 17
4r 5(5 5r) 17
4r 25 25r 17
21r 25 17
21r 25 25 17 25
21r 42

3x y 15
3x y 3x 15 3x
y 15 3x
2x 3y 1
2x 3(15 3x) 1
2x 45 9x 1
11x 45 1
11x 45 45 1 45
11x 44
11x
11
21r
21
r2
Substitute 2 for r in either equation to find the
value of s.
5r s 5
5(2) s 5
10 s 5
10 s 10 5 10
s 5
(1)(s) (1) (5)
s5
x 2y 6
x 2y 2y 6 2y
x 6 2y
the first equation.
3x 2y 12
3(6 2y) 2y 12
18 6y 2y 12
18 8y 12
18 8y 18 12 18
8y 6
44
11
x 4
value of y.
3x y 15
3(4) y 15
12 y 15
12 y 12 15 12
y3
21. Solve the first equation for c since the coefficient
of c is 1.
c 5d 2
c 5d 5d 2 5d
c 2 5d
Find the value of d by substituting 2 5d for c in
the second equation.
2c d 4
2(2 5d ) d 4
4 10d d 4
4 11d 4
4 11d 4 4 4
11d 0
11d
11
42
21
8y
8
6
8
3
y4
3

value of x.
x 2y 6
11
d0
Substitute 0 for d in either equation to find the
value of c.
c 5d 2
c 5(0) 2
c02
c2
22. Solve the first equation for s since the coefficient
of s is 1.
5r s 5
5r s 5r 5 5r
s 5 5r
(1)(s) (1)(5 5r)
s 5 5r
x2
134 2 6
3
x26
3
x2262
1
x 42
1 3
The solution is 42, 4 .
319
Chapter 7

0.5x 2y 17
0.5x 2(104 2x) 17
0.5x 208 4x 17
4.5x 208 17
4.5x 208 208 17 208
4.5x 225
24. Solve the first equation for x since the coefficient

of x is 1.
x 3y 0
x 3y 3y 0 3y
x 3y
Find the value of y by substituting 3y for x in the
second equation.
3x y 7
3(3y) y 7
9y y 7
10y 7
10y
10
4.5x
4.5
x 50
value of y.
2x y 104
2(50) y 104
100 y 104
100 y 100 104 100
y4
10
7
y 10
7

value of x.
x 3y 0
x3
1107 2 0
21
21
x 10 10 0 10
21
x 10 or 210
The solution is
1 7
210, 10
1
x
2
2.
1
x
2
0.41x
0.41
3 2x 1
3 2x 2x 1 2x
3
25. Solve the first equation for y since the coefficient

of y is 1.
0.3x y 0.5
0.3x y 0.3x 0.5 0.3x
y 0.5 0.3x
Find the value of x by substituting 0.5 0.3x for y
0.5x 0.3y 1.9
0.5x 0.3(0.5 0.3x) 1.9
0.5x 0.15 0.09x 1.9
0.41x 0.15 1.9
0.41x 0.15 0.15 1.9 0.15
0.41x 2.05
2x 3 1
3
2x 3 3 1 3
3
2x 4
123 2132x2 123 2142

8
x 3 or 23

value of y.
y 2x 1
y2
y
2.05
0.41
y
x5
value of y.
0.3x y 0.5
0.3(5) y 0.5
1.5 y 0.5
1.5 y 1.5 0.5 1.5
y2
26. Solve for y in the second equation since the
2x y 104
2x y 2x 104 2x
y 104 2x
Chapter 7

second equation.
y 2x 1
21
x 10 0
21
225
4.5
183 2 1
16
3
13
3
1
or 43

1
y
2
28. Since x
3, substitute 2 y 3 for x in the
second equation.
2x y 6
11
2 2y 3 y 6
y6y6
66
of equations.
320
The system of equations is a b 500 and

0.25a 0.50b 0.34(500). Use substitution to
solve this system.
a b 500
a b b 500 b
a 500 b
29. Let y the length of the base of the triangle, and

let x the length of each of the other sides. Since
the base is 4 in. longer than the length of one of
the other sides, y x 4. Since the perimeter is
46 in., x x y 46, or 2x y 46. Use
substitution to solve this system.
2x y 46
2x (x 4) 46
3x 4 46
3x 4 4 46 4
3x 42
3x
3
0.25a 0.50b 0.34(500)

0.25(500 b) 0.50b 0.34(500)
125 0.25b 0.50b 170
125 0.25b 170
125 0.25b 125 170 125
0.25b 45
42
3
x 14
yx4
y 14 4
y 18
The length of the base is 18 in., and the length of
each of the other sides is 14 in.
30. Let r the number of lb of raisins, and let
s the number of lb of sunflower seeds. Use a
table to organize the information.
Number of Cost per
Pounds
Pound
Raisins
r
1.50
Sunflower Seeds
s
4.00
0.25b
0.25
b 180
a b 500
a 180 500
a 180 180 500 180
a 320
320 gal of 25% acid solution and 180 gal of 50%
acid solution should be used.
32. Let x the measure of angle X, and let y the
measure of angle Y. Since angles X and Y are
supplementary, x y 180. Since the measure of
angle X is 24 degrees greater than the measure of
angle Y, x y 24. Use substitution to solve this
system.
x y 180
( y 24) y 180
2y 24 180
2y 24 24 180 24
2y 156
Total
Cost
1.50r
4.00s
Since the mix will have three times the number of

lb of raisins as sunflower seeds, r 3s. Since the
total cost is $34.00, 1.50r 4.00s 34.00. Use
1.50r 4.00s 34.00
1.50(3s) 4.00s 34.00
4.50s 4.00s 34.00
8.50s 34.00
8.50s
8.50
45
0.25
2y
2
34.00
8.50
156
2
y 78
s4
x y 24
x 78 24
x 102
The measure of angle X is 102 degrees, or
mX 102.
The measure of angle Y is 78 degrees, or mY 78.
33. Let y the number of World Series won by the
Yankees, and let r the number of World Series
won by the Reds. Since the total number of games
won by both teams is 31, y r 31. Since the
Yankees won 5.2 times as many World Series as the
Reds, y 5.2r. Use substitution to solve this system.
y r 31
5.2r r 31
6.2r 31
r 3s
r 3(4)
r 12
The club should purchase 4 lb of sunflower seeds
and 12 lb of raisins.
31. Let a the number of gallons of 25% acid
solution, and let b the number of gallons of 50%
solution. Use a table to organize the information.
25%
50%
34%
Solution Solution Solution
Total Gallons
a
b
500
Gallons of Acid 0.25a
0.50b
0.34 (500)
6.2r
6.2
31
6.2
r5
y 5.2r
y 5.2(5)
y 26
The Yankees won 26 World Series, and the Reds
won 5 World Series.
321
Chapter 7
34. Let p the total price of the automobiles Shantel

sells, and let t her total income. At the first
dealership, t 600 0.02p. At the second
dealership, t 1000 0.015p. Use substitution
to solve this system.
t 600 0.02p
1000 0.015p 600 0.02p
1000 0.015p 0.015p 600 0.02p 0.015p
1000 600 0.005p
1000 600 600 0.005p 600
400 0.005p
400
0.005
The number of tourists would be expected to be

the same about 23.3 yr after 2000, or some time
during the year 2023.
39. Since y 3z 7, substitute 3z 7 for y in the
first equation.
2x 3y z 17
2x 3(3z 7) z 17
2x 9z 21 z 17
2x 10z 21 17
2x 10z 21 21 17 21
2x 10z 38
Next, use this equation and the third equation in
the given system to write a system of two
equations containing only x and z.
2x 10z 38
2x z 2
Solve the second equation for z since the
coefficient of z is 1.
2x z 2
2x 2 z 2 2
2x 2 z
Since z 2x 2, substitute 2x 2 for z in the
first equation.
2x 10z 38
2x 10(2x 2) 38
2x 20x 20 38
18x 20 38
18x 20 20 38 20
18x 18
0.005p
0.005
80,000 p
Shantel will make the same income from either
dealership if the total price of the automobiles she
sells is $80,000.
35. The second offer is better if she sells less than
$80,000. The first offer is better if she sells more
than $80,000. For example, suppose the total
price of the automobiles she sells is $50,000.
At the first dealership, her income will be 600
0.02(50,000) or $1600; at the second dealership,
her income will be 1000 0.015(50,000) or $1750.
Thus, the second dealerships offer is better.
However, if the total price is $100,000, Shantels
income at the first dealership will be 600
0.02(100,000) or $2600; her income at the second
dealership will be 1000 0.015(100,000) or
$2500. Thus, the first dealerships offer is better.
36. Let y the number of years, and let h the
height of the tree in inches. Since the blue spruce
grows 6 in. per yr and is 4 ft, or 48 in., tall,
h 6y 48. Since the hemlock grows 4 in. per yr
and is 6 ft, or 72 in., tall, h 4y 72. Use
h 6y 48
4y 72 6y 48
4y 72 4y 6y 48 4y
72 2y 48
72 48 2y 48 48
24 2y
24
2
18x
18
x 1
Use 2x z 2 to find the value of z.
2x z 2
2(1) z 2
2 z 2
2 2 z 2 2
4 z
Use y 3z 7 to find the value of y.
y 3z 7
y 3(4) 7
y 12 7
y5
Since x 1, y 5 and z 4, the solution is
(1, 5, 4).
2y
2
12 y
The trees will be the same height in 12 yr.
37. Let y the number of years since 2000, and let
t the number of tourists in millions. Since the
number of tourists visiting South America and the
Caribbean was 40.3 million, and tourism is
increasing at a rate of 0.8 million per year,
t 40.3 0.8y. Since the number of tourists to
the Middle East was 17.0 million, and tourism is
increasing at a rate of 1.8 million tourists per year,
t 17.0 1.8y. Use substitution to solve this system.
t 40.3 0.8y
17.0 1.8y 40.3 0.8y
17.0 1.8y 0.8y 40.3 0.8y 0.8y
17.0 y 40.3
17.0 y 17.0 40.3 17.0
y 23.3
Chapter 7
18
18
322
40. When problems about technology involve a

system of equations, the problem can be solved by
substitution. Answers should include the
following.
To solve a system of equations using
substitution, solve one equation for one
unknown. Substitute this value for the
unknown in the other equation and solve the
equation. Use this number to find the other
unknown.
Since y 2.8x 170, substitute 2.8x 170
for y in the second equation.
y 14.4x 2
2.8x 170 14.4x 2
2.8x 170 2.8x 14.4x 2 2.8x
170 17.2x 2
170 2 17.2x 2 2
168 17.2x
9.8 x
The number of hours will be the same about
9.8 years after 1993. That represents the year
2002.
41. B; Solve the first equation for x since the
x 4y 1
x 4y 4y 1 4y
x 1 4y
Since x 1 4y, the expression 1 4y could be
substituted for x in the second equation.
42. C; Solve the first equation for x since the
x 3y 9
x 3y 3y 9 3y
x 9 3y
Find the value of y by substituting 9 3y for x
5x 2y 7
5(9 3y) 2y 7
45 15y 2y 7
45 13y 7
45 13y 45 7 45
13y 52
13y
13
Page 381
43.
y
xy4
xy3
x
O

44.
x 2y 1
2x y 5
(3, 1) x

in each equation.
x 2y 1
2x y 5
Check:
?
?
3 2(1) 1 2(3) (1) 5
?
?
3 (2) 1
6 (1) 5
11
55
45.
2x y 3
4x 2y 6
O

52
13
y4
value of x.
x 3y 9
x 3(4) 9
x 12 9
x 12 12 9 12
x3
So, the value of x is 3.
323
Chapter 7

y 7 6 2x
0 7 6 2(0)
false
0 7 6
46. Step 1 The inequality is already solved for y in

terms of x.
Step 2 Graph y 5. Since the inequality
includes y values less than 5, but not
equal to 5, the boundary is not included
y 6 5
0 6 5 false
2x y 6
y
x
49. Let d represent the number of pounds of denim

left.
number of pounds left 1
d number of pounds left

number of pairs of jeans 5
250 number of pairs of jeans
1(250) 5(d)
250 5(d)
y 5
250
5
47. Step 1 There is no y in the inequality. The

inequality is already solved for x.
Step 2 Graph x 4. Since x
4 means x 4 or
x 4, the boundary is included in the
x
4
0
4 false
50.
51.
52.
53.
5d
5
50 d
There would be 50 lb of denim left.
6a 9a (6 9)a
3a
8t 4t (8 4)t
12t
7g 8g (7 8)g
15g
7d (2d b) 7d 2d b
5d b
Page 381
1.
Practice Quiz 1
y
x4
xy3
O
x
xy1

2x y 7 6
2x y 2x 7 6 2x
y 7 6 2x
includes values greater than 6 2x, but
not equal to 6 2x, the boundary is not
line.
(2, 1)
48. Step 1
Chapter 7

each equation.
Check:
xy3
xy1
?
?
211
213
33
11
324
2.

of equations.
y
3x 2y 6
7-3
Elimination Using Addition

and Subtraction
3x 2y 6
Pages 384385

of y is 1 (in both equations).
xy0
xyx0x
y x
Find the value of x by substituting x for y in the
second equation.
3x y 8
3x (x) 8
2x 8
2x
2
1. Sample answer: 2a b 5, a b 4
Since the coefficients of the b terms are additive
inverses, this system can be solved by using
addition to eliminate one variable.
2. Subtraction can be used to eliminate one variable
for a system in which one variable has the same
coefficient in both equations.
3. Michaels method is correct since, in order to
eliminate the s terms, you must add the two
equations.
4. Since the coefficients of the y terms, 1 and 1,
are additive inverses, eliminate the y terms by
adding the equations.
x y 14
() x y 20
2x
34
8
2
x 4
value of y.
xy0
(4) y 0
4 y 4 0 4
y4
of x is 1.
x 2y 5
x 2y 2y 5 2y
x 5 2y
the second equation.
3x 5y 8
3(5 2y) 5y 8
15 6y 5y 8
15 y 8
15 y 15 8 15
y 7
value of x.
x 2y 5
x 2(7) 5
x (14) 5
x 14 5
x 14 14 5 14
x 9
5. Since y 2 x, substitute 2 x for y in the first
equation.
xy2
x (2 x) 2
22
2x
2
34
2
x 17
Now substitute 17 for x in either equation to find
the value of y.
x y 20
17 y 20
17 y 17 20 17
y3
5. Since the coefficients of the b terms, 3 and 3,
are additive inverses, eliminate the b terms by
2a 3b 11
8
() a 3b
3a
3
3a
3
3
3
a 1
Now substitute 1 for a in either equation to find
the value of y.
a 3b 8
1 3b 8
1 3b 1 8 1
3b 9
3b
3
3
b3
325
Chapter 7
9. Since the coefficients of the m terms, 4 and 4,

are the same, eliminate the m terms by
subtracting the equations.
4m 2n 6
() 4m n 8
n 2
Now substitute 2 for n in either equation to find
the value of m.
4m n 8
4m (2) 8
4m 2 8
4m 2 2 8 2
4m 10
6. Since the coefficients of the x terms, 4 and 4, are

the same, eliminate the x terms by subtracting
the equations.
4x y 9
() 4x 2y 10
y 1
(1)(y) (1)1
y 1
Now substitute 1 for y in either equation to find
the value of x.
4x y 9
4x (1) 9
4x 1 9
4x 1 1 9 1
4x 8
4x
4
4m
4
6x
6
y 5
8. Since the coefficients of the a terms, 2 and 2,
are additive inverses, eliminate the a terms by
2a 4b 30
() 2a 2b 21.5
2b 8.5
8.5
2
b 4.25
Now substitute 4.25 for b in either equation to
find the value of a.
2a 4b 30
2a 4(4.25) 30
2a 17 30
2a 17 17 30 17
2a 13
2a
2
a
13
2
13
2
or 6.5
Chapter 7
36
6
x6
the value of y.
x y 24
6 y 24
6 y 6 24 6
y 18
The numbers are 6 and 18.
11. D; Since the coefficients of the x terms, 2 and 2,
are the same, eliminate the x terms by
2x 7y 17
() 2x 5y 11
2y 6
The value of 2y is 6.
10
2
10. Let x represent the first number and let y

represent the second number.
x y 24
5x y 12
Use elimination to solve the system.
x y 24
()5x y 12
6x
36
4
2b
2
x0
the value of y.
6x 2y 10
6(0) 2y 10
2y 10
2y
2
m 2 or 22
8
4
x 2
The solution is (2, 1) .
7. Since the coefficients of the y terms, 2 and 2, are
the same, eliminate the y terms by subtracting
the equations.
6x 2y 10
() 2x 2y 10
4x
0
4x
4
10
4
326
Pages 385386
15. Since the coefficients of the x terms, 4 and 4,

are additive inverses, eliminate the x terms by
4x 2y
8
() 4x 3y 10
y 2
(1)(y) (1)(2)
y2
the value of x.
4x 3y 10
4x 3(2) 10
4x 6 10
4x 6 6 10 6
4x 4
Practice and Apply

are additive inverses, eliminate the y terms by
x y 3
() x y 1
2x
2
2x
2
2
2
x 1
the value of y.
x y 3
(1) y 3
1 y 1 3 1
y 2
13. Since the coefficients of the t terms, 1 and 1, are
additive inverses, eliminate the t terms by adding
the equations.
st4
() s t 2
2s
6
2s
2
4x
4
s3
Now substitute 3 for s in either equation to find
the value of t.
st4
(3) t 4
3t343
t 1
1
1
t 1
14. Since the coefficients of the n terms, 2 and 2,
are additive inverses, eliminate the n terms by
3m 2n 13
() m 2n 7
4m
20
4m
4
2n
2
2
n4
Now substitute 4 for n in either equation to find
the value of m.
2m 5n 6
2m 5(4) 6
2m 20 6
2m 20 20 6 20
2m 14
20
4
m5
Now substitute 5 for m in either equation to find
the value of n.
m 2n 7
5 2n 7
5 2n 5 7 5
2n 2
2n
2
4
4
x 1
16. Since the coefficients of the b terms, 1 and 1, are
the same, eliminate the b terms by subtracting
the equations.
3a b 5
() 2a b 10
a
5
the value of b.
2a b 10
2(5) b 10
10 b 10
10 b 10 10 10
b 20
17. Since the coefficients of the m terms, 2 and 2, are
the same, eliminate the m terms by subtracting
the equations.
2m 5n 6
() 2m 7n 14
2n 8
2
t
1
2m
2
14
2
m7
2
n1
327
Chapter 7
18. Since the coefficients of the s terms, 5 and 5,

are the same, eliminate the s terms by
3r 5s 35
() 2r 5s 30
r
5
Now substitute 5 for r in either equation to find
the value of s.
3r 5s 35
3(5) 5s 35
15 5s 35
15 5s 15 35 15
5s 20
5s
5
21. Since the coefficients of the s terms, 6 and 6, are

the same, eliminate the s terms by subtracting
the equations.
6s 5t 1
() 6s 5t 11
10t 10
10t
10
20
5
6s
6
18
6
6y
6
26
13
4x
4
The
12
6
18
4
9
1
x 2 or 42
1
solution is 42, 2
2.
23. Since the coefficients of the b terms, 2 and 2,

are the same, eliminate the b terms by
a 2b 5
() 3a 2b 9
2a
4
3
y 2
the value of x.
3x 5y 16
3x 5(2) 16
3x 10 16
3x 10 10 16 10
3x 6
3x
3
y2
the value of x.
4x 3y 12
4x 3(2) 12
4x 6 12
4x 6 6 12 6
4x 18
a 2
20. Since the coefficients of the x terms, 3 and 3,
are additive inverses, eliminate the x terms by
3x 5y 16
() 3x 2y 10
3y 6
3y
3
6
s1
the same, eliminate the x terms by subtracting
the equations.
4x 3y 1
() 4x 3y 24
6y 12
b3
Now substitute 3 for b in either equation to find
the value of a.
13a 5b 11
13a 5(3) 11
13a 15 11
13a 15 15 11 15
13a 26
13a
13
10
10
t 1
Now substitute 1 for t in either equation to find
the value of s.
6s 5t 1
6s 5(1) 1
6s 5 1
6s 5 5 1 5
6s 6
s4
19. Since the coefficients of the a terms, 13 and 13,
are the same, eliminate the a terms by
13a 5b 11
() 13a 11b
7
6b 18
6b
6
2a
2
4
2
a2
the value of b.
a 2b 5
2 2b 5
2 2b 2 5 2
2b 3
3
x2
2b
2
2
3
b 2 or 12
Chapter 7
328
Now substitute 1.75 for x in either equation to

find the value of y.
1.44x 3.24y 5.58
1.4411.752 3.24y 5.58
2.52 3.24y 5.58
2.52 3.24y 2.52 5.58 2.52
3.24y 8.1

the same, eliminate the y terms by subtracting
the equations.
4x 5y 7
() 8x 5y 9
4x
2
4x
4
2
4
3.24y
3.24
x2
Now substitute
the value of y.
4x 5y 7
4
1
2
y 2.5
27. Since the coefficients of the m terms, 7.2 and 7.2,
are the same, eliminate the m terms by
7.2m 4.5n 129.06
() 7.2m 6.7n 136.54
2.2n 7.48
for x in either equation to find
112 2 5y 7
2 5y 7
2 5y 2 7 2
5y 5
5y
5
2.2n
2.2
5
y1
The solution is
1 12.
2
4
1
b 2
1
substitute 2
for b in either equation to find
1 12
()
8a 2 1
1
8a 2 2 1 2
3
1
c 5d
5
7
1
c 5d
5
9
2c
20
2c
2
8a 2
118 28a 118 232

3
a 16
The solution is
113.76
7.2
11
20
2
c 10
Now substitute 10 for c in either equation to find
the value of d.
1163 , 12 2.
26. Since the coefficients of the y terms, 3.24 and

3.24, are additive inverses, eliminate the y terms
by adding the equations.
1.44x 3.24y 5.58
() 1.08x 3.24y 9.99
2.52x
4.41
2.52x
2.52
m 15.8
1
1
28. Since the coefficients of the d terms, 5 and 5, are
additive inverses, eliminate the d terms by
8a 2 1
1
7.48
2.2
7.2m
7.2
Now
the value of a.
8a b 1
n 3.4
Now substitute 3.4 for n in either equation to find
the value of m.
7.2m 4.5n 129.06
7.2m 4.513.42 129.06
7.2m 15.3 129.06
7.2m 15.3 15.3 129.06 15.3
7.2m 113.76
1
,
2
25. Since the coefficients of the a terms, 8 and 8, are

the same, eliminate the a terms by subtracting
the equations.
8a b 1
() 8a 3b 3
4b 2
4b
4
8.1
3.24
3
c
5
5d 9
3
(10)
5
5d 9
1
1
6 5d 9
1
6 5d 6 9 6
5d 3
1
(5) 5d (5)3
4.41
2.52
d 15
x 1.75
329
Chapter 7

3x y 18
2x y 12
3x y 18
() 2x y 12
5x
30

are the same, eliminate the y terms by
2
1
x 2y
3
5
1
() 6 x 2 y
1
6x
1
(6) 6x
14
18
4
2 (6)(4)
5x
5
x 24
the value of y.
2
x
3
2y 14
2
(24)
3
2y 14
1
1
16 2y 14
1
16 2y 16 14 16
2y 2
1
(2) 2y (2)(2)

y4
30. Let x represent the first number and y represent
the second number.
x y 48
x y 24
x y 48
() x y 24
2x
72
2x
2
3x
3
72
2
2y
2
15
3
18
2
y9
64
2
x 32
the value of y.
x y 51
32 y 51
32 y 32 51 32
y 19
Chapter 7
x5
the value of y.
x 2y 23
5 2y 23
5 2y 5 23 5
2y 18
x 36
the value of y.
x y 48
36 y 48
36 y 36 48 36
y 12
x y 51
x y 13
x y 51
() x y 13
2x
64
2x
2
30
5
x6
the value of y.
3x y 18
3(6) y 18
18 y 18
18 y 18 18 18
y0
x 2y 23
4x 2y 38
x 2y 23
() 4x 2y 38
3x
15
330
Rewrite t d 0.467 so that the system can be

written in column form.
t d 0.467
t d d 0.467 d
t d 0.467
t d 0.467
() t d 12.867
2t
13.334
34. Let u represent the number of motor vehicles

produced in the United States in millions, and let
j represent the number of motor vehicles
produced in Japan in millions.
uj2
u j 22
Rewrite u j 2 so that the system can be
written in column form.
uj2
ujj2j
uj2
uj 2
() u j 22
2u
24
2u
2
2t
2
24
2
y2 y1
mx
m
m
18
2
x1
1.52 1.28
50 0
0.24
50
m 0.0048
The slope is 0.0048.
Choose (0, 1.28) and find the y-intercept of the line.
y mx b
1.28 0.0048(0) b
1.28 b
Write the slope-intercept form using m 0.0048
and b 1.28.
y mx b
y 0.0048x 1.28
Therefore, the equation is y 0.0048x 1.28.
s9
the value of a.
2a 5s 77
2a 5(9) 77
2a 45 77
2a 45 45 77 45
2a 32
2a
2
13.334
2
t 6.667
Now substitute 6.667 for t in either equation to
find the value of d.
t d 0.467
6.667 d 0.467
6.667 0.467 d 0.467 0.467
6.200 d
In 1999, Troy Aikman earned $6.667 million and
Deion Sanders earned $6.200 million.
37. Chinas population in 2000, when x 0, is
1.28 billion people. This means (0, 1.28) is in the
solution set for the equation. Chinas population
in 2050, when x 50, is 1.52 billion people.
This means (50, 1.52) is in the solution set for
the equation. Let (x1, y1) (0, 1.28) and
(x2, y2) (50, 1.52).
u 12
Now substitute 12 for u in either equation to find
the value of j.
uj2
12 j 2
12 2 j 2 2
10 j
In 1999, the U.S. produced about 12 million motor
vehicles and Japan produced about 10 million
motor vehicles.
35. Let a represent the adult price and let s represent
the student price.
2a 5s 77
2a 7s 95
2a 5s 77
() 2a 7s 95
2s 18
2s
2
32
2
a 16
The adult price of the tour is $16 and the student
price of the tour is $9.
36. Let t represent the amount earned by
Troy Aikman in millions and let d represent the
amount earned by Deion Sanders in millions.
t d 0.467
t d 12.867
331
Chapter 7
38. Indias population in 2000, when x 0, is

1.01 billion people. This means (0, 1.01) is in the
solution set for the equation. Indias population in
2050, when x 50, is 1.53 billion people. This
means (50, 1.53) is in the solution set for the
equation. Let (x1, y1) (0, 1.01) and
(x2, y2) (50, 1.53).

2A B 15
() 2 A B 9
4A
24
4A
4
m
m
x1
1.53 1.01
50 0
0.52
50
m 0.0104
The slope is 0.0104.
Choose (0, 1.01) and find the y-intercept of the line.
y mx b
1.01 0.0104(0) b
1.01 b
Write the slope-intercept form using m 0.0104
and b 1.01.
y mx b
y 0.0104x 1.01
Therefore, the equation is y 0.0104x 1.01.
39. From Exercise 37, Chinas population is
represented by y 0.0048x 1.28. From
Exercise 38, Indias population is represented by
y 0.0104x 1.01. Use elimination to solve the
system.
y 0.0048x 1.28
() y 0.0104x 1.01
0 0.0056x 0.27
0 0.0056x 0.0056x 0.27 0.0056x
0.0056x 0.27
0.0056x
0.0056
24
4
A6
Now substitute 6 for A in either equation to find
the value of B.
2A B 15
2(6) B 15
12 B 15
12 B 12 15 12
B3
So, the value of A is 6 and the value of B is 3.
41. Elimination can be used to solve problems about
meteorology if the coefficients of one variable are
the same or are additive inverses. Answers should
The two equations in the system of equations
are added or subtracted so that one of the
variables is eliminated. You then solve for the
remaining variable. This number is substituted
into one of the original equations, and that
equation is solved for the other variable.
Write the equations in

n d 24
column form and add.
() n d 12
Notice the d variable
2n
36
is eliminated.
y2 y1
mx
2n
2
36
2
n 18
n d 24
18 d 24
18 d 18 24 18
Simplify.
First equation
n 18
Subtract 18 from each
side.
Simplify.
d6
On the winter solstice, Seward, Alaska, has
18 hours of darkness and 6 hours of daylight.
42. B; Use elimination to solve the system.
2x 3y 9
() 3x 3y 12
x
3
(1)(x) (1)3
x 3
the value of y.
2x 3y 9
2(3) 3y 9
6 3y 9
6 3y 6 9 6
3y 3
0.27
0.0056
x 48
the value of y.
y 0.0048x 1.28
y 0.0048(48) 1.28
y 0.2304 1.28
y 1.5104
The populations of China and India are predicted
to be the same about 48 yr after 2000, or in 2048.
At that time, the predicted population is about
1.51 billion people.
40. Since the graphs intersect at (2, 1), (x, y) (2, 1)
must make both equations true. Substitute 2 for x
and 1 for y in both equations to find the values of
A and B.
Ax By 15
Ax By 9
A(2) B(1) 15
A(2) B(1) 9
2A B 15
2A B 9
3y
3
3
3
y1
Chapter 7
332
Since x 2y 5, substitute 2y 5 for x in the

second equation.
4y 3x 1
4y 3(2y 5) 1
4y 6y 15 1
2y 15 1
2y 15 15 1 15
2y 14
43. C; Use elimination to solve the system.

4x 2y 8
() 2x 2y 2
2x
6
2x
2
2
x3
the value of y.
4x 2y 8
4(3) 2y 8
12 2y 8
12 2y 12 8 12
2y 4
2y
2
2y
2
y 7
value of x.
2y x 5
2(7) x 5
14 x 5
14 x 14 5 14
x 9
(1)(x) (1)(9)
x 9
4
2
y 2
Page 386
44. Since y 5x, substitute 5x for y in the second

equation.
x 2y 22
x 2(5x) 22
x 10x 22
11x 22
11x
11
47.
3x y 1
xy3
22
x2
y 5x
y 5(2)
y 10
second equation.
3x 4y 1
3(2y 3) 4y 1
6y 9 4y 1
10y 9 1
10y 9 9 1 9
10y 10
11
10y
10
14
2
(1, 2)

in each equation.
Check:
xy3
3x y 1
?
?
1 (2) 3
3(1) (2) 1
?
?
123
3 (2) 1
33
11
48.
y
3y 7 2x
10
10
y 1
x 2y 3
x 2(1) 3
x 2 3
x1
of x is 1.
2y x 5
2y x x 5 x
2y 5 x
2y 5 5 x 5
2y 5 x
x
2x 3y 7

333
Chapter 7
49.
4. Multiply the first equation by 4 so the coefficients

of the y terms are additive inverses. Then add the
equations.
Multiply by 4.
2x y 6
8x 4y 24
3x 4y 2
() 3x 4y 2
11x
22
y
12
4x y 12
8
4
x 3 1y
4
11x
11
x2
the value of y.
2x y 6
2(2) y 6
4y6
4y464
y 2
(1)(y) (1)2
y 2
5. Multiply the first equation by 3 so the
coefficients of the x terms are additive inverses.
Then add the equations.
Multiply by 3. 3x 15y 12
x 5y 4
3x 7y 10
() 3x 7y 10
22y 22

5
50. The line parallel to y 4x 3 has slope 4.

5
Replace m with 4, and (x1, y1 ) with (0, 0) in the
point-slope form.
y y1 m(x x1 )
5
y 0 4 (x 0)
5
y 4x
5
Therefore, the equation is y 4x.

51. 2(3x 4y) 2 3x 2 4y
6x 8y
52. 6(2a 5b) 6 2a 6 5b
12a 30b
53. 3(2m 3n) (3)(2m) (3)(3n)
6m (9n)
6m 9n
54. 5(4t 2s) (5)(4t) (5)(2s)
20t (10s)
20t 10s
7-4
22y
22
4x 7y 6
6x 5y 20
1. If one of the variables cannot be eliminated by

adding or subtracting the equations, you must
multiply one or both of the equations by numbers
so that a variable will be eliminated when the
equations are added or subtracted.
2. Sample answer: 3x 2y 5 and 4x 10y 6
If the first equation is multiplied by 5, the
coefficients of the y terms will be 10 and 10,
which are additive inverses. Thus, when the two
equations are added together, the y variable will
be eliminated.
3. Sample answer: (1) You could solve the first
equation for a and substitute the resulting
expression for a in the second equation. Then find
the value of b. Use this value for b and one of the
equations to find the value of a. (2) You could
multiply the first equation by 3 and add this new
equation to the second equation. This will
eliminate the b term. Find the value of a. Use this
value for a and one of the equations to find the
value of b. See students work for their
preferences and explanations.
Chapter 7
22
22
y1
the value of x.
x 5y 4
x 5(1) 4
x54
x5545
x 1
6. Eliminate x.
Elimination Using Multiplication
Pages 390391
22
11
Multiply by 3.
Multiply by 2.
12x 21y 18
() 12x 10y 40
11y 22
11y
11
22
11
y 2

the value of x.
4x 7y 6
4x 7(2) 6
4x 14 6
4x 14 14 6 14
4x 20
4x
4
20
4
x5
334
7. Multiply the second equation by 2 so the


the value of y.
3x 7y 6
3(2) 7y 6
6 7y 6
6 7y 6 6 6
7y 0
4x 2y 10.5
4x 2y 10.5
2x 3y 10.75 Multiply by 2. () 4x 6y 21.5
4y 11
4y
4
11
4
7y
7
y 2.75
y0
10. For an exact solution, an algebraic method is
best.
Since neither the coefficients of x nor the
coefficients of y are the same or additive
inverses, you cannot use elimination using
addition or subtraction.
Since the coefficient of y in the first equation
is 1, you can use the substitution method.
Since y 4x 11, substitute 4x 11 for y in the
second equation.
3x 2y 7
3x 2 (4x 11) 7
3x 8x 22 7
5x 22 7
5x 22 22 7 22
5x 15
Now substitute 2.75 for y in either equation to

find the value of x.
4x 2y 10.5
4x 2(2.75) 10.5
4x 5.5 10.5
4x 5.5 5.5 10.5 5.5
4x 5
4x
4
4
x 1.25
best.
Since no coefficient of x or y is 1 or 1,
substitution is not the best method.
Since it is necessary to multiply each equation
by a different number, solve the system by
elimination using multiplication.
Eliminate x.
5x
5
y1

the value of x.
4x 3y 19
4x 3(1) 19
4x 3 19
4x 3 3 19 3
4x 16
16
4
2x
2
x4
best.
Since the coefficients of the y terms, 7 and 7,
are additive inverses, solve by elimination
using addition.
3x 7y 6
() 2x 7y 4
5x
10
5x
5
15
5
x 3
y 4x 11
y 4(3) 11
y 12 11
y 1
best.
Since the coefficients of the y terms, 2 and
2, are the same, you can eliminate the y
terms by subtracting the equations.
5x 2y 12
() 3x 2y 2
2x
14
4x 3y 19 Multiply by 3.
12x 9y 57
3x 4y 8 Multiply by 4. () 12x 16y 32
25y 25
25y
25
25
25
4x
4
7
14
2
x7
Now substitute 7 for x in either equation to solve
for the value of y.
5x 2y 12
5 (7) 2y 12
35 2y 12
35 2y 35 12 35
2y 23
2y
2
23
2
y 11.5
The solution is (7, 11.5).
10
5
x2
335
Chapter 7
12. Let t the number of two-seat tables and f the

number of four-seat tables.
t f 17
2t 4f 56
Multiply the first equation by 2 so the
coefficients of the t terms are additive inverses.
t f 17 Multiply by 2. 2t (2f ) 34
2t 4f 56
() 2t 4f 56
2f 22
2f
2

equations.
2x y 5 Multiply by 2.
4x 2y 10
() 3x 2y 4
3x 2y 4
7x
14
7x
7
22
2
4x 3y 12
x 2y 14
y 13
Now substitute 13 for y in either equation to
xy4
x (13) 4
x 13 4
x 13 13 4 13
x 9
equations.
xy3
Multiply by 3.
3x 3y 9
() 2x 3y 16
2x 3y 16
5x
25
23x
23
23
23
x 1
the value of y.
5x 2y 15
5(1) 2y 15
5 2y 15
5 2y 5 15 5
2y 10
25
5
x5
the value of y.
xy3
5y3
5y535
y 2
Chapter 7
12
() 4x 8y 56

11y 44
11y
44
11
11

the value of x.
x 2y 14
x 2(4) 14
x 8 14
x 8 8 14 8
x6
equations.
20x 8y 60
() 3x 8y 37
3x 8y 37
23x
23
26
4x 3y
Multiply by 4.
y4
2
5x
5
14
7
x2
the value of y.
2x y 5
2(2) y 5
4y5
4y454
y1
f 11
Now substitute 11 for f in either equation to find
the value of t.
t f 17
t 11 17
t 11 11 17 11
t6
The owners should purchase 6 two-seat tables
and 11 four-seat tables.
5x 3y 6
5x 3y 6
x y 4 Multiply by 3.
() 5x 5y 20
2y 26
2y
2
2y
2
10
2
y5
336
21. Multiply the second equation by 1.8 so the


8x 3y 11
8x 3y 11
() 8x 20y 108
1.8x 0.3y 14.4
1.8x 0.3y
x 0.6y 2.8 Multiply by 1.8.
0.78y 9.36
17y 119
17y
17
119
17
0.78y
0.78
y 7

the value of x.
x 0.6y 2.8
x 0.6(12) 2.8
x 7.2 2.8
x 7.2 7.2 2.8 7.2
x 10
32
8
x 4
19. Eliminate y.
4x 7y 10
Multiply by 2.
Multiply by 7.
3x 2y 7
0.4x 0.5y 2.5
5y
5
0.4x
0.4
0.4
x5
coefficients of the y terms are additive inverses.
4
2
3x 2 y 10
Multiply by 5.
10x 15y 10
Multiply by 2. () 10x 8y 56
23y 46
23y
46
23
23
5x 4 y 8
3x 2 y 10
Multiply by 2.
() 10x 2 y 16
26
13x
13x
13
y 2
26
13
x2
the value of y.

the value of x.
5x 4y 28
5x 4(2) 28
5x 8 28
5x 8 8 28 8
5x 20
5
5

the value of x.
0.4x 0.5y 2.5
0.4x 0.5(1) 2.5
0.4x 0.5 2.5
0.4x 0.5 0.5 2.5 0.5
0.4x 2
29
29
y 2
20. Eliminate x.
5x
5
2.5
y1
29
x 1
2x 3y 2
5x 4y 28
1.2x 3.5y
5y 5

the value of y.
3x 2y 7
3(1) 2y 7
3 2y 7
3 2y 3 7 3
2y 4
1.2x 1.5y 7.5

()
8x 14y 20
() 21x 14y 49
29x
29
2y
2
Multiply by 3.
1.2x 3.5y 2.5
29x
9.36
0.78
y 12

the value of x.
8x 3y 11
8x 3(7) 11
8x (21) 11
8x 21 11
8x 21 21 11 21
8x 32
8x
8
14.4
() 1.8x 1.08y 5.04
3x 2y 10
1
3(2) 2y 10
1
6 2y 10
1
20
5
6 2y 6 10 6
x4
2y 4
1
(2) 2y (2)4

y 8
337
Chapter 7

2
2x 3 y 4
x
1
y
2
7
2x 3 y
Multiply by 2.

the value of y.
xy3
4y3
4y434
y 1
best.
Since it is necessary to multiply at least one
equation by a number to eliminate a variable,
solve the system by elimination using
multiplication.
Multiply the first equation by 2 so the coefficients
equations.
6x 8y 20
5x 8y 2
() 5x 8y 2
11x
22
() 2x y 14
12
5
y
3
3 5
y
5 3
10
135 21102
y 6

the value of x.
1
x 2y 7
1
x 2 (6) 7
x (3) 7
x37
x3373
x4
7x 3y 1
x y 3
Multiply the second equation by 7 so the
7x 3y 1
x y 3
Multiply by 7.
11x
11
4y 20
20
4
y 5

the value of x.
x y 3
x (5) 3
x 5 3
x 5 5 3 5
x2
5x 2y 22
xy3
5x 2y 22
5x 2y 22
() 2x 2y 6
7x
28
7x
7
8y
8
8
y1
best.
are additive inverses, solve by elimination
using addition.
9x 8y 42
() 4x 8y 16
13x
26
13x
13
26
13
x2
the value of y.
9x 8y 42
9(2) 8y 42
18 8y 42
18 8y 18 42 18
8y 24
28
7
x4
8y
8
24
8
y 3
Chapter 7
22
11
x 2
the value of y.
5x 8y 2
5(2) 8y 2
10 8y 2
10 8y 10 2 10
8y 8
7x 3y 1
() 7x 7y 21
4y
4
338

best.
Since the coefficient of y in the second
equation is 1, you can use the substitution
method.
Since y x, substitute x for y in the first
equation.
4x 2y 14
4x 2(x) 14
4x 2x 14
2x 14

best.
Since y 3x, substitute 3x for y in the second
equation.
3x 4y 30
3x 4(3x) 30
3x 12x 30
15x 30
15x
15
30
15
2x
2
x2
y 3x
y 3(2)
y6
best.
Since the coefficient of x in the first equation
Since x 4y 8, substitute 4y 8 for x in the
second equation.
2x 8y 3
2(4y 8) 8y 3
8y 16 8y 3
16 3
best.
are additive inverses, you can eliminate the y
terms by adding the equations.
2x 3y 12
() x 3y 12
3x
24
3x
24

3
3
8y
8
4
4
8
y1
the value of x.
xy2
x12
x1121
x3
best.
second equation.
2x y 9
2x (2x 9) 9
2x 2x 9 9
9 9
of equations.
3
y3
14
2
x7
Use y x to find the value of y.
yx
y7
best.
Solve the first equation for x.
xy2
xyy2y
x2y
Since x 2 y, substitute 2 y for x in the
second equation.
5x 3y 18
5(2 y) 3y 18
10 5y 3y 18
10 8y 18
10 8y 10 18 10
8y 8
x8
the value of y.
x 3y 12
8 3y 12
8 3y 8 12 8
3y 4
3y
3
1 42
339
Chapter 7

best.
Since no coefficient x or y is 1 or 1,
Since it is necessary to multiply each equation
by a different number, solve the system by
elimination using multiplication.
Eliminate y.

best.
Since the coefficients of the x terms, 6 and 6,
are the same, solve by elimination using
subtraction.
6x y 9
() 6x y 11
0 2
best.
Since x 8y, substitute 8y for x in the second
equation.
2x 3y 38
2(8y) 3y 38
16y 3y 38
19y 38
19y
19
1
x
2
3
x
2
2 y 18
4
2 (6)(4)
x 24
the value of y.
2 y 14
2
(24)
3
2 y 14
1
16 2 y 14
1
16 2 y 16 14 16
2 y 2
1
(2) 2 y (2)(2)
y4
Chapter 7
18
18
3
2y 25
3
(6)
2
2y 25
16
2
y
61
Now substitute 61 for y in either equation to find x.
x y 701
x 61 701
x 61 61 701 61
x 640
So Bryant had 640 2-point field goals and 61
3-point field goals.
2y 25

2x 2y 1402
2x 3y 1463
() 2x 3y 1463
y 8
39. Since Bryant made 475 free throws and each is
1 point, he scored 475 points in free throws.
Therefore, Bryant scored 1938 475, or 1463,
points in 2-point and 3-point field goals.
Let x the number of 2-point field goals, and let
y the number of 3-point field goals Bryant made.
x y 701
2x 3y 1463
Eliminate x.
2
x
3
3
x
2
2y
2
2 y 14
()
2y
9 2y 25
9 2y 9 25 9
2y 16
Since the coefficients of the y terms, 2 and 2 ,

are the same, solve by elimination using
subtraction.
(6)
2y 25
3
x
2
3
x
2
x 6
the value of y.
38
1
6x
Multiply by 3.
3x
3
y2
x 8y
x 8(2)
x 16
best.
2
x
3
5
() 6 x
1
6x
3x
19
3y 3
340
42. Let x the tens digit of the original number, and

let y the ones digit of the original number. Then
the original number is represented by 10x y,
and the number with the digits reversed is
represented by 10y x. Since the sum of the
digits is 14, x y 14. Since the number with
the digits reversed is 18 less than the original
number, 10y x (10x y) 18.
Rewrite 10y x (10x y) 18 so the system
can be written in column form.
10y x (10x y) 18
10y x 10x 10x y 18 10x
10y 9x y 18
10y 9x y y 18 y
9x 9y 18
Eliminate x.
9x 9y 126
9x 9y 18
() 9x 9y 18
18y 108
40. Since (3, a) is the solution of the given system,

substituting 3 for x and a for y will make both
equations in the system true.
4x 5y 2
6x 2y b
4(3) 5(a) 2
6(3) 2(a) b
12 5a 2
18 2a b
12 5a 12 2 12
5a 10
5a
5
10
5
a 2
Since a 2, substitute 2 for a in the second
equation to find b.
18 2a b
18 2(2) b
18 (4) b
18 4 b
22 b
The values of a is 2 and the value of b is 22.
41. Let x the tens digit of the students actual
score, and let y the ones digit of the students
actual score. Then the actual score is given by
10x y, and the accidentally-reversed score is
given by 10y x. Since the actual score is 36
points greater than the accidentally-reversed
score, 10x y (10y x) 36. Since the sum of
the digits of the score is 14, x y 14.
Rewrite 10x y (10y x) 36 so the system
can be written in column form.
10x y (10y x) 36
10x y x 10y x 36 x
9x y 10y 36
9x y 10y 10y 36 10y
9x 9y 36
Eliminate y.
9x 9y 126
9x 9y 36
( ) 9x 9y 36
18x
162
18x
18
18y
18
108
18
y6
the value of x.
x y 14
x 6 14
x 6 6 14 6
x8
So, the tens digit of the original number is 8, and
the ones digit of the original number is 6. This
means the original number is 86.
43. Let r the rate of the plane in still air, and let
w the rate of the wind. Use the formula
rate time distance, or rt d.
2
(4 h 40 min 43 h)
162
18
x9
the value of y.
x y 14
9 y 14
9 y 9 14 9
y5
So, the tens digit of the actual score was 9 and
the ones digit of the actual score was 5. This
means the students actual score was 95.
rt d
Against the wind
rw
2
43
d
2100
With a wind that

is twice as fast
r 2w
2100
1 2 (r w) 2100
2
43
4(r 2w) 2100
1423 2 (r w) 2100 or 143 (r w) 2100
4(r 2w) 2100

Use the distributative property to rewrite each
equation so the system is in column form.
14
r
3
14
w
3
2100
4r 8w 2100
Eliminate w.
14
r
3
14
w
3
2100
4r 8w 2100
Multiply by
12
.
7
8r 8w 3600
()4r 8w 2100
5700
12r
12r
12
5700
12
r 475
The rate of the plane in still air is 475 mph.
341
Chapter 7

the value of y.
xy8
6y8
6y686
y2
48. Since the coefficients of the s terms, 1 and 1, are
additive inverses, you can eliminate the s terms
2r s 5
() r s 1
3r
6
44. By having two equations that represent the time

constraints, a manager can determine the best
use of employee time. Answers should include the
following.
20c 10b 800 S
20c 10b 800
10c 30b 900 S
20c 60b 1800
50b 1000
50b
50
1000
50
b 20
20c 10b 800
20c 10(20) 800
20c 200 800
20c 200 200 800 200
20c 600
20c
20
3r
3
600
20
r2
Now substitute 2 for r in either equation to find
the value of s.
rs1
2s1
2s212
s 1
(1)(s) (1)(1)
s1
the same, you can eliminate the x terms by
x y 18
() x 2y 25
y 7
(1)(y) (1)(7)
y7
the value of x.
x y 18
x 7 18
x 7 7 18 7
x 11
50. Since x 3y, substitute 3y for x in the first
equation.
2x 3y 3
2(3y) 3y 3
6y 3y 3
3y 3
c 30
In order to make the most of the employee and
oven time, the manager should make
assignments to bake 30 batches of cookies and
20 loaves of bread.
45. A; Eliminate y.
25x 15y 60
4x 5y 17 Multiply by 3. ()12x 15y 51
37x
111
37x
37
111
37
x3
the value of y.
5x 3y 12
5(3) 3y 12
15 3y 12
15 3y 15 12 15
3y 3
3y
3
3
3
y 1
46. D; Multiply the first equation by 2 so the
x 2y 1 Multiply by 2. 2x 4y 2
2x 4y 2
()2x 4y 2
0 0
of equations.
Page 392
3y
3
12
2
x6
Chapter 7
3
y 1
x 3y
x 3(1)
x3

xy8
()x y 4
2x
12
2x
2
3
342


of x is 1.
xy0
xyy0y
x y
Since x y, substitute y for x in the second
equation.
3x y 8
3(y) y 8
3y y 8
2y 8
2y
2
y
x
yx7
8
2
y4
value of x.
xy0
x40
x4404
x 4
of x is 1.
x 2y 7
x 2y 2y 7 2y
x 7 2y
Since x 7 2y, substitute 7 2y for x in the
second equation.
3x 6y 21
3(7 2y) 6y 21
21 6y 6y 21
21 21
The statement 21 21 is true. This means
that there are infinitely many solutions of the
system of equations.
53. Let a the amount of revenue above quota.
32,000 0.04a 7 45,000
32,000 0.04a 32,000 7 45,000 32,000
0.04a 7 13,000
0.04a
0.04
55. Step 1 Solve for y in terms of x.

x 3y 9
x 3y x 9 x
3y 9 x
9 x
3
9
x
y33
1
y 3 3x
1
1
3 3 x. Since y 3 3 x
1
1
7 3 3 x or y 3 3 x, the
3y
3
Step 2 Graph y
means y
line.
1
y 3 3x
1
0 3 3 (0)
false
03
8
6
4
2
13,000
0.04
42
2
4
6
8
a 7 325,000
The store must make more than $325,000 above
quota.
54. Step 1 The inequality is already solved for y in
terms of x.
Step 2 Graph y x 7. Since y x 7 means
y x 7 or y x 7, the boundary is
should be drawn as a solid line.
yx7
007
true
0 7
343
y
x 3y 9
O
2 4 6 8 10
Chapter 7

y x
(1) (y) (1)x
y x
Step 2 Graph y x. Since y x means
y x or y x, the boundary is
boundary should be drawn as a solid line.
y x
1 (2)
true
1 2
Page 392
Practice Quiz 2

5x 4y 2
() 3x 4y 14
8x
16
8x
8
16
8
x2
the value of y.
5x 4y 2
5(2) 4y 2
10 4y 2
10 4y 10 2 10
4y 8
4y
4
8
4
y 2
2x 3y 13
() 2x 2y 2
5y 15
y x

3x y 1
3x y 3x 1 3x
y 3x 1
Step 2 Graph y 3x 1. Since y 3x 1 means
y 3x 1 or y 3x 1, the boundary is
should be drawn as a solid line.
y 3x 1
0 3(0) 1
0 1
true
5y
5
15
5
y 3
the value of x.
2x 3y 13
2x 3(3) 13
2x (9) 13
2x 9 13
2x 9 9 13 9
2x 4
2x
2
2
x2
3. Eliminate y.
12x 4y 48
3x 4y 27
() 3x 4y 27
15x
75
y
3x y 1
15x
15
x5
the value of y.
6x 2y 24
6(5) 2y 24
30 2y 24
30 2y 30 24 30
2y 6
2y
2
6
2
y3
Chapter 7
75
15
344
5.
4. Eliminate x.
10x 4y 8
10x 4y 9
() 10x 4y 9
0 1
5. Let p the rate per minute for peak time, and
let n the rate per minute for nonpeak time.
Kelseys charges:
45p 50n 27.75
Mitchs charges:
70p 30n 36
Eliminate n.
System of Equations
one variable has a
coefficient of 1 or 1
Substitution
opposite signs
96.75
215 p
215
Elimination
Variables with
Same Coefficients
45p 50n 27.75 Multiply by 3.

135p 150n 83.25
70p 30n 36 Multiply by 5. () 350p 150n 180
215p
variables have
any coefficient
Variables with
Different
Coefficients
same signs
Add
Subtract
96.75

215
Multiply by a
Factor
p 0.45
Now substitute 0.45 for p in either equation to

find the value of n.
70p 30n 36
70(0.45) 30n 36
31.5 30n 36
31.5 30n 31.5 36 31.5
30n 4.5
30n
30
Graphing Systems of Inequalities
Page 395
1. To use the SHADE feature in the DRAW menu,

you must enter the lower boundary of the region
to be shaded first. Since, when both inequalities
are solved for y, the lower boundary is the
inequality having or , you must enter
y 2x 5 first.
2. KEYSTROKES: 2nd DRAW 7 ( ) 2 X,T,,n
4.5
30
n 0.15
The rate for peak time is $0.45 per min and the
rate for nonpeak time is $0.15 per min.
Page 393
7-5
Reading Mathematics
3 X,T,,n
ENTER
1. There are two types of systems of equations,

consistent and inconsistent. Consistent systems
have one or more solutions and inconsistent
systems have no solutions. If consistent systems
have one solution, they are called independent. If
consistent systems have infinite solutions, they
are called dependent.
2. Use substitution if an expression of one variable
is given or if the coefficient of a variable is
1.
Use elimination if both equations are written in
standard form.
Sample answers:
system to solve using
system to solve using
substitution
elimination
y 3x 3
4x 3y 9
5x 2y 6
6x y 10
3. Multiply by a factor if neither variable has the
same or opposite coefficients in the two equations.
4. Add if one of the variables has opposite
coefficients that are additive inverses in the two
equations. Subtract if one of the variables has the
same coefficient in the two equations.
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
3. Solve each inequality for y. Then enter the

function that is the lower boundary ( y 7 2x),
a comma, and the function that is the upper
boundary ( y 0.5x 2.5).
2 X,T,,n
4. KEYSTROKES: 2nd DRAW 7 7
,
)
5 X,T,,n
ENTER
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
345
Chapter 7
PQ249-6481F-07[346_363] 8/6/02 09:42 PM Page 346 Sahuja Ahuja_QXP_03:Desktop Folder:6/8/02:
Pages 396397
4. The solution includes the ordered pairs in the

intersection of the graphs of x 5 and y 4. The
region is shaded. The graphs of x 5 and y 4
are boundaries of this region. The graph of x 5
is dashed and is not included in the graph of
x 5. The graph of y 4 is solid and is included
in the graph of y 4.
1. Sample answer:
y
y 2x
O
y
x5
y 2 x
y4
Because the regions have no points in common,

the system of inequalities graphed above,
y 2 x and y 2 x, has no solution.
2a. Since the point with coordinates (3, 1) lies in the
shaded region that represents the intersection of
the graphs of the inequalities, the ordered pair
(3, 1) does represent a solution of the system.
2b. Since the point with coordinates (1, 3) does
not lie in the shaded region that represents the
intersection of the graphs of the inequalities,
the ordered pair (1, 3) does not represent a
solution of the system.
2c. The point with coordinates (2, 3) lies on the
boundary of the region that represents the
intersection of the graphs of the inequalities.
Since the portion of the boundary on which (2, 3)
lies is drawn as a solid line, this point is
included in the solution set. So the ordered pair
(2, 3) does represent a solution of the system.
2d. Since the point with coordinates (4, 2) lies in
the shaded region that represents the
intersection of the graphs of the inequalities,
the ordered pair (4, 2) does represent a
2e. The point with coordinates (3, 2) lies on the
boundary of the region that represents the
intersection of the graphs of the inequalities.
Since the portion of the boundary on which
(3, 2) lies is drawn as a dashed line, this point
is not included in the solution set. So the
ordered pair (3, 2) does not represent a
2f. Since the point with coordinates (1, 4) does not
lie in the shaded region that represents the
intersection of the graphs of the inequalities, the
ordered pair (1, 4) does not represent a solution
of the system.
3. Kaylas solution is correct. The graph of
x 2y 2 is the line representing x 2y 2
and the region above it. Sonias solution indicates
that she shaded the region below this boundary.
Chapter 7

intersection of the graphs of y 3 and
y x 4. The region is shaded. The graphs of
y 3 and y x 4 are boundaries of this
region. The graphs of both boundaries are dashed
and are not included in the solution.
y
y 3
O
y x 4

intersection of the graphs of y x 3 and
y x 3 and y x 3 are boundaries of this
region. The graphs of both boundaries are solid
and are included in the solution.
y
y x 3
y x 3
x
O
346
10. Let x the number of minutes Natasha spends

walking, and let y the number of minutes she
spends jogging.
Since her total exercise time is at most 1 halfhour, or 30 min, x y 30. Since her total
4
8
distance is at least 3 mi, 60 x 60 y 3.
The solution includes the ordered pairs in the
intersection of the graphs of x y 30 and
4
8
x 60 y 3. The region is shaded. The graphs of
60
4
8
x y 30 and 60 x 60 y 3 are boundaries of
this region. The graphs of both boundaries are
solid and are included in the solution.
7. The graphs of 2x y 4 and y 2x 1 are

parallel lines. Because the two regions have no
points in common, the system of inequalities has
no solution.
y
2x y 4
y 2x 1
Natashas Daily Exercise

y
Minutes Jogging

intersection of the graphs of 2y x 6 6 and
3x y 7 4. The region is shaded. The graphs of
2y x 6 and 3x y 4 are boundaries of this
y
40
30
x y 30
20
4
x 8 y3
60
60
10
3x y 4
2y x 6
11. Sample answers: Natasha could walk 15 min and

jog 15 min, or walk 10 min and jog 20 min, or she
could walk 5 min and jog 25 min since the points
with coordinates (15, 15), (10, 20), and (5, 25) lie
in the region that represents the intersection of
the graphs of the inequalities.
x
O

intersection of the graphs of x 2y 2,
3x 4y 12, and x 0. The region is shaded.
The graphs of x 2y 2, 3x 4y 12, and x 0
are boundaries of this region. The graphs of these
boundaries are solid and are included in the
solution.
y
10 20 30 40
Minutes Walking
Pages 397398
12.
Practice and Apply
y
x
y0
x0
3x 4y 12
x0
x
O
x 2y 2
13.
y
x 4
O
y 1
347
Chapter 7
14.
20.
y x 1
x
y x 3
y x 2
y 2
15.
21.
x 2
3x y 6
x
2x y 4
y x 5
16.
22.
x 3
x y 2
3x 4y 1
x 2y 7
x
O
17.
23.
y
xy 4
y 2x 1
y x 1
2x 3y 12
18.
24.
y x 3
2x y 4
5x 2y 1
y 2x 1
19.
25.
y x 1
x
x
2x 7y 4
Chapter 7
3x 2y 6
y x 3
y x 3
348
26.
The solution is the set of all ordered pairs whose

graphs are in the intersection of the graphs of
these inequalities. This region is shaded. Only the
portion of the region in the first quadrant is used
since x 0 and y 0.
x 3y 9
y
x 2
2x y 9
Green Paint
x
4y x
y
Dark Green
27. The equation of the graph of the solid boundary is

y x. Since the shaded region that represents the
intersection of the graphs of the two inequalities
is below this boundary, this region is represented
by y x. The equation of the graph of the dashed
boundary is y x 3. Since the shaded region
that represents the intersection of the graphs of
the two inequalities is above this boundary, this
region is represented by y 7 x 3. So, the
system graphed is y x
.
y 7 x3
28. The equation of the graph of the solid boundary is
2
y 3x 2. Since the shaded region that
represents the intersection of the graphs of the
two inequalities is below this boundary, this
2
region is represented by y 3x 2. The equation
of the graph of the dashed boundary is
y x 3. Since the shaded region that
two inequalities is above this boundary, this
region is represented by y 7 x 3. So, the
2
system graphed is y 3x 2
.
y 7 x 3
29. Let x the number of gal of light green dye to be
made. Then, for the light green dye, 4x represents
the number of units of yellow dye required and 1x
represents the number of units of blue dye
required.
Let y the number of gal of dark green dye to be
made. Then, for the dark green dye, 1y represents
the number of units of yellow dye required and 6y
represents the number of units of blue dye
required.
Since the total number of units of yellow dye
cannot be greater than 32, 4x 1y 32. Since
the total number of units of blue dye cannot be
greater than 54, 1x 6y 54.
The following system of inequalities can be used
to represent the conditions of the problem.
x0
y0
4x y 32
x 6y 54
30
4x y 32
20
x 6y 54
10
x
O
10
20 30 40
Light Green
50
30. Sample answers: The painter could make 2 gal of

light green dye and 8 gal of dark green dye, or
6 gal of light green dye and 8 gal of dark green
dye, or 7 gal of light green dye and 4 gal of dark
green dye since the points with coordinates (2, 8),
(6, 8), and (7, 4) lie in the region that represents
the intersection of the graphs of the inequalities.
31. Let x the level of LDL a teenager should have,
and let y the level of HDL a teenager should
have.
0 x 110
35 y 59
since there can be only positive levels of LDL and
HDL.
Appropriate
Cholesterol Levels
y
HDL
60
40
20
O
20
40
60 80
LDL
100 120 x
349
Chapter 7
33. Let x the number of desks made. Then, 2x

represents the number of hours of sanding
required and 1.5x represents the number of hours
of varnishing required for the desks.
Let y the number of tables made. Then, 1.5y
represents the number of hours of sanding
required and 1y represents the number of hours
of varnishing required for the tables.
Since the total number of hours available each
week for sanding is 31, 2x 1.5y 31 . Since the
total number of hours available for varnishing
each week is 22, 1.5x 1y 22.
x0
y0
2x 1.5y 31
1.5x y 22
since x 0 and y 0. However, since the number
of items produced are whole numbers, only wholenumber solutions make sense for this problem.
36. Use the SHADE feature in the DRAW menu with

y x 4 as the lower boundary and y x 9
as the upper boundary.
DRAW 7 ( ) X,T,,n
KEYSTROKES: 2nd
X,T,,n
ENTER
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
37. Use the SHADE feature in the DRAW menu with

y 7x 15 as the lower boundary and
y 2x 10 as the upper boundary.
KEYSTROKES:
2nd
DRAW 7 7 X,T,,n
15 , 2 X,T,,n
10
ENTER
Furniture Manufacturing
Tables
20
1.5x y 22
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
38. Solve each inequality for y.

10
3x y 6
3x y 3x 6 3x
y 6 3x
2x 1.5y 31
10
20
(1)(y) (1)(6 3x)
(1)(y) (1)(1 x)
y 3x 6
Desks
y1x
Use the SHADE feature in the DRAW menu with

y 3x 6 as the lower boundary and y 1 x
as the upper boundary.
DRAW 7 3 X,T,,n
KEYSTROKES: 2nd
34. Sample answers: The company can make 8 desks

and 10 tables, or 6 desks and 12 tables, or 4 desks
and 14 tables since the points with coordinates
(8, 10), (6, 12), and (4, 14) lie in the region that
inequalities.
35. By graphing a system of equations, you can see
the appropriate range of Calories and fat intake.
Two sample appropriate Calorie and fat
intakes are 2200 Calories and 60 g of fat and
2300 Calories and 65 g of fat since the points
with coordinates (2200, 60) and (2300, 65) lie
in the shaded region representing appropriate
eating habits.
The graph represents 2000 c 2400
and 60 f 75, where c represents the
number of Calories and f represents the
number of grams of fat consumed per day.
Chapter 7
x y 1
x y x 1 x
y 1 x
X,T,,n
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
350
ENTER

equations.
15x 6y 9
() 3x 6y 9
3x 6y 9
18x
18
39. D; Use a table to substitute the x and y values of

each ordered pair into both inequalities.
x
3
0
1
0
x 2y 5
3 2(7)
11
5
0 2(5)
10
4
1 2(4)
7
2.5 0 2(2.5)
5
7
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
True or
False
true
true
true
false
3x y 2
3(3) 7
16
3(0) 5
5
3(1) 4
7
3(0) 2.5
2.5
True or
False
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
true
18x
18
true
true
2y
2
Multiply by 2.
2x 3y 13
Multiply by 3.
6x 4y
24
() 6x 9y 39
5y 15

15
5
y3

the value of x.
3x 2y 12
3x 2(3) 12
3x 6 12
3x 6 6 12 6
3x 6
3x
3
3
x 2
44. Eliminate y.
11
11
y 1
Now substitute 1 for y in either equation to
2x 3y 1
2x 3(1) 1
2x 3 1
2x 3 3 1 3
2x 4
2x
2
3x 2y 12
5y
5
2
y 1
43. Eliminate x.

4x 6y 2
() 4x 5y 13
4x 5y 13
11y 11
11y
11
18
18
x 1
the value of y.
5x 2y 3
5(1) 2y 3
5 2y 3
5 2y 5 3 5
2y 2
true
Since it does not make both inequalities true, the

ordered pair (0, 2.5) is not part of the solution set
of the system.
40. A; The equation of the graph of the solid
boundary is y 2x 2. Since the shaded region
representing the intersection of the graphs of the
two inequalities is below this boundary, this
region is represented by y 2x 2. The equation
of the graph of the dashed boundary is
y x 1. Since the shaded region representing
the intersection of the graphs of the two
inequalities is above this boundary, this region is
represented by y 7 x 1. So, the system
graphed is y 2x 2 .
y 7 x 1
Page 398
6x 2y 4
5x 3y 2
Multiply by 3.
Multiply by 2.
18x 6y 12
() 10x 6y 4
8x
16
8x
8
16
8
x2

the value of y.
6x 2y 4
6(2) 2y 4
12 2y 4
12 2y 12 4 12
2y 8
2
x2
2y
2
8
2
y4
351
Chapter 7
48. Step 1 The line has slope 6. To find the

Then, solve for b.
y mx b
0 6(1) b
0 6 b
0 6 6 b 6
6b
m 6 and b 6. Therefore, the
equation is y 6x 6.

2x 5y 13
() 3x 5y 18
5x
5
5x
5
5
5
x 1
the value of y.
2x 5y 13
2(1) 5y 13
2 5y 13
2 5y 2 13 2
5y 15
5y
5

1
Then, solve for b.
y mx b
15
5
y3
3x y 6
() 3x 2y 15
3y 9
3y
3
2 3 (5) b
5
2 3 b
5
11
3 b
1
11
.
m 3 and b 3
9
3
Therefore, the equation is y 3x
y3
the value of x.
3x y 6
3x 3 6
3x 3 3 6 3
3x 9
3x
3
2 3 3 b 3
11
.
3

Page 399
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
3
x3
y- intercept, replace m with 2 and (x, y)
Then, solve for b.
y mx b
1 2(4) b
1 8 b
1 8 8 b 8
9 b
m 2 and b 9.
y mx b
y 2x (9)
independent
inconsistent
dependent
parallel lines
infinitely many
consistent
Pages 399402
7.
y
8
6
4
2
2
2
4
6
8
x y 11
(10, 1)
O
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 x
xy9
The graphs appear to intersect at (10, 1).

Check:
xy9
x y 11
?
?
10 1 9
10 1 11
99
11 11
Chapter 7
352
8.
y 3x 8
Substitute 5 for n in either equation to find the

value of m.
mn8
m (5) 8
m58
m5585
m3
second equation.
2x 4y 6
2(3 2y) 4y 6
6 4y 4y 6
66
of equations.
of y is 1.
3x y 1
3x y y 1 y
3x 1 y
3x 1 1 y 1
3x 1 y
second equation.
2x 4y 3
2x 4(3x 1) 3
2x 12x 4 3
14x 4 3
14x 4 4 3 4
14x 7
9x 2 3y

9.
6y 4x 8
2x 3y 4

10.
y
3x y 8
O
(2, 2)
14x
14
3x 4 y
14
1
x2
1

in each equation.
Check:
3x y 8
3x 4 y
?
?
3(2) (2) 8
3(2) 4 (2)
?
?
628
642
88
66
11. Solve the second equation for m since the
coefficient of m is 1.
mn8
mnn8n
m8n
Since m 8 n, substitute 8 n for m in the
first equation.
2m n 1
2(8 n) n 1
16 2n n 1
3n 16 1
3n 16 16 1 16
3n 15
3n
3

value of y.
y 3x 1
y3
3
112 2 1
y21
1
y2
The solution is
112, 12 2.
15
3
n 5
353
Chapter 7
14. Since n 4.5 3m, substitute 4.5 3m for n in

the first equation.
0.6m 0.2n 0.9
0.6m 0.2(4.5 3m) 0.9
0.6m 0.9 0.6m 0.9
1.2m 0.9 0.9
1.2m 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
1.2m 1.8
1.2m
1.2

the value of y.
xy5
4y5
4y454
y1
18. Rewrite the first equation so the system is in
column form.
3x 1 7y
3x 1 1 7y 1
3x 7y 1
3x 7y 7y 1 7y
3x 7y 1
Since the coefficients of the y terms, 7 and 7, are
the same, you can eliminate the y terms by
3x 7y 1
() 6x 7y 0
3x
1
1.8
1.2
m 1.5
Use n 4.5 3m to find the value of n.
n 4.5 3m
n 4.5 3(1.5)
n 4.5 4.5
n0
The solution is (1.5, 0).
x 2y 6
() x 3y 4
5y 10
5y
5
3x
3
x3
10
5
Now substitute
the value of y.
6x 7y 0
y2
the value of x.
x 2y 6
x 2(2) 6
x46
x4464
x2
16. Since the coefficients of the n terms, 1 and 1,
are additive inverses, you can eliminate the n
2m n 5
() 2m n 3
4m
8
4m
4
113 2 7y 0
2
7
2
y 7
1
solution is 3,
7y
7
The
7 .

x 5y 0 Multiply by 2.
2x 10y 0
2x 3y 7
() 2x 3y 7
7y 7
4
7y
7
7
y1
the value of x.
x 5y 0
x 5(1) 0
x50
x5505
x5
16
4
x4
Chapter 7
1
3
2 7y 0
2 7y 2 0 2
7y 2
m2
Now substitute 2 for m in either equation to find
the value of n.
2m n 5
2(2) n 5
4n5
4n454
n 1
(1)(n) (1)1
n 1
3x y 11
() x y 5
4x
16
4x
4
1
3
354

3x 6y 15
3x 5y 8
() 3x 5y
8
y 7
the value of x.
x 2y 5
x 2(7) 5
x (14) 5
x 14 5
x 14 14 5 14
x 9
2x 3y 8
2x 3y 8
() 3x 3y 6
5x
14
5x
5
x
Now substitute
the value of y.
xy2
14
5
14
5
14
5
14
5
14
5

best.
Since y 2x, substitute 2x for y in the second
equation.
x 2y 8
x 2(2x) 8
x 4x 8
5x 8
5x
5
14
5
2
4
y 5

y 2x
y2
y
or 25
14
5
1 42
2

of the x terms are additive inverses. Then add the
equations.
5x 8y 21 Multiply by 2. 10x 16y 42
10x 3y 15
() 10x 3y 15
19y 57
19y
19
or 35
31y
31
31
y0
the value of x.
9x 8y 7
9x 8(0) 7
9x 7
57
19
y3
the value of x.
5x 8y 21
5x 8(3) 21
5x 24 21
5x 24 24 21 24
5x 3
5x
5
16
5

best.
Since it is necessary to multiply at least one
equation by a number to eliminate a variable,
solve the system by elimination using
multiplication.
Multiply by 2. 18x 16y 14
9x 8y 7
18x 15y 14
() 18x 15y 14
31y
0
4 4
185 2
The solution is 15 , 35 .
(1)(y) (1) 5
y5
x 5 or 15
y2
y
5
9x
9
9
7
x9
The solution is
179, 02.
3
5
3
x5
The solution is
135, 32.
355
Chapter 7

intersection of the graphs of y 3x and x 2y
21. The region is shaded. The graphs of y 3x
and x 2y 21 are boundaries of this region.
The graph of y 3x is dashed and is not included
in the graph of y 3x. The graph of x 2y 21
is solid and is included in the graph of x 2y 21.

best.
Since the coefficient of x in the second
equation is 1, you can use the substitution
method.
Solve the second equation for x.
x 3y y
x 3y 3y y 3y
x 2y
Since x 2y, substitute 2y for x in the first
equation.
3x 5y 2x
3(2y) 5y 2(2y)
6y 5y 4y
y 4y
y 4y 4y 4y
3y 0
3y
3
y
2
12 8
2
4
6
8
x 2y 21 10
12
y 3x
14
4x
y
y 2x 1
x
y x 1

intersection of the graphs of 2x y 9 and
x 11y 6. The region is shaded. The graphs
of 2x y 9 and x 11y 6 are boundaries of
dashed and are not included in the solution.
y
2x y 9
5x
5
13 x
value of y.
y x 15
y 13 15
y 2
Chapter 7

y 2x 1. The region is shaded. The graphs of
y x 1 and y 2x 1 are boundaries of this
region. The graph of y x 1 is dashed and is
not included in the graph of y x 1. The
graph of y 2x 1 is solid and is included in the
graph of y 2x 1.
3
y0
value of x.
x 2y
x 2(0)
x0
best.
Solve the first equation for y.
2x y 3x 15
2x y 2x 3x 15 2x
y x 15
Since y x 15, substitute x 15 for y in the
second equation.
x 5 4y 2x
x 5 4(x 15) 2x
x 5 4x 60 2x
x 5 6x 60
x 5 x 6x 60 x
5 5x 60
5 60 5x 60 60
65 5x
65
5
4
x 11y 6
356
6.

intersection of the graphs of x 1 and y x 3.
The region is shaded. The graphs of x 1 and
y x 3 are boundaries of this region. The
graphs of both boundaries are solid and are
included in the solution.
2y 10 6x
3x y 5
x1

7. Eliminate y.
4x 10y 32
5x 2y 11 Multiply by 5. () 25x 10y 55
29x
87
yx3
29x
29
x3
the value of y.
2x 5y 16
2(3) 5y 16
6 5y 16
6 5y 6 16 6
5y 10
Page 403
1. c; inconsistent
2. a; consistent
3. b; elimination
4.
y
O
5y
5
y 2x 7

in each equation.
Check:
yx2
y 2x 7
?
?
3 5 2
3 2(5) 7
?
3 3
3 10 7
3 3
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
2
1
10
5
y2
8. Solve the second equation for y.
y 4 2x
y 4 4 2x 4
y 2x 4
Since y 2x 4, substitute 2x 4 for y in
the first equation.
y 2x 1
(2x 4) 2x 1
4 1
The statement 4 1 is false. This means there
is no solution of the system of equation.
2x y 4 Multiply by 3. 6x 3y 12
() 5x 3y 6
5x 3y 6
x
6
(1) (x) (1)6
x 6
the value of y.
2x y 4
2(6) y 4
12 y 4
12 y 12 4 12
y8
yx2
(5, 3)
5.
87
29
y
x 2y 11
x 14 2y
x
O
2 4 6 8 10 12 14

357
Chapter 7

the value of y.
3x y 11
3(2) y 11
6 y 11
6 y 6 11 6
y 17
(1)(y) (1)17
y 17
3x y 10
() 3x 2y 16
3y 6
10. Since y 7 x, substitute 7 x for y in the

second equation.
x y 3
x (7 x) 3
x 7 x 3
2x 7 3
2x 7 7 3 7
2x 4
2x
2
2
x2
Use y 7 x to find the value of y.
y7x
y72
y5
second equation.
y 3x 9
y 3(2y 7) 9
y 6y 21 9
5y 21 9
5y 21 21 9 21
5y 30
5y
5
3y
3
30
5
3x
3
3x
3
3y
3
3
3
3
y1
14
7
x 2
Chapter 7
12
3
x3
the value of y.
5x 3y 12
5(3) 3y 12
15 3y 12
15 3y 15 12 15
3y 3
x6
the value of y.
x y 10
6 y 10
6 y 6 10 6
y4
equations.
Multiply by 2.
3x y 11
6x 2y 22
x 2y 36
() x 2y 36
7x
14

x4
5x 3y 12
() 2x 3y 3
3x
9
12
2
7x
7
6
3
y 2
the value of x.
3x y 10
3x (2) 10
3x 2 10
3x 2 2 10 2
3x 12
y6
x 2y 7
x 2(6) 7
x 12 7
x5
x y 10
() x y 2
2x
12
2x
2
358
19. Let t the tens digit, and let u the units

digit.
u 2t 1
u t 10
Since u 2t 1, substitute 2t 1 for u in the
second equation.
u t 10
(2t 1) t 10
3t 1 10
3t 1 1 10 1
3t 9

2x 5y 12
2x 5y 12
x 6y 11 Multiply by 2. () 2x 12y 22
17y 34
17y
17
34
17
y2
the value of x.
x 6y 11
x 6(2) 11
x 12 11
x 12 12 11 12
x1
3x 3y 18
3x 3y 13
() 3x 3y 13
6y 5
6y
6
3t
3
t3
Use u 2t 1 to find the value of u.
u 2t 1
u 2(3) 1
u61
u7
The tens digit is 3 and the units digit is 7. So, the
number is 37.
20. Let / the length of the rectangle and let
w the width of the rectangle.
/w7
2/ 2w 50
Solve the first equation for /.
/w7
/ww7w
/7w
Since / 7 w, substitute 7 w for / in the
second equation.
2/ 2w 50
2(7 w) 2w 50
14 2w 2w 50
14 4w 50
14 4w 14 50 14
4w 36
5
6
5
y6
Now substitute
the value of x.
xy6
5
6
for y in either equation to find
x66
5
x6666
1
x 56
The solution is 56 ,
5
6
2.

equations.
1
15x 3y 50
() 2x 3 y 35
3x 3 y 10 Multiply by 5.
4w
4
85
17x
17x
17
36
4
w9
Substitute 9 for w in either equation to find the
value of /.
/7w
/79
/ 16
The length of the rectangle is 16 cm and the
width of the rectangle is 9 cm.
2x 3 y 35
3
85
17
x5
the value of y.
1
3x 3 y 10
1
3(5) 3 y 10
1
15 3 y 10
1
15 3 y 15 10 15
1
y
3
1
(3) 3 y
5
(3)(5)
y 15
359
Chapter 7
Since x 10,000 y, substitute 10,000 y for x

0.06x 0.08y 760
0.06(10,000 y) 0.08y 760
600 0.06y 0.08y 760
600 0.02y 760
600 0.02y 600 760 600
0.02y 160

intersection of the graphs of y 7 4 and y 6 1.
The region is shaded. The graphs of y 4 and
y 1 are boundaries of this region. The graphs
of both boundaries are dashed and are not
y
0.02y
0.02
y 8000
Substitute 8000 for y in either equation to find
the value of x.
x 10,000 y
x 10,000 8000
x 2000
$2000 was invested at 6% and $8000 was
invested at 8%.
25. D; For the system
y 7 2x 1
, both boundary lines should be
y 6 x 2
dashed. The region representing the intersection
of the graphs of these two inequalities is above
the graph of y 2x 1 and below the graph of
y x 2. To check, test an ordered pair in this
region to verify that the coordinates satisfy both
inequalities. For example, check (3, 2).
Check:
y 7 2x 1
y 6 x 2
?
?
2 6 (3) 2
2 7 2(3) 1
?
?
2 6 3 2
2 7 6 1
2 7 5
2 6 1
y 4
y 1

y 7 x 2. The region is shaded. The graphs of
region. The graph of y 3 is solid and is included
in the graph of y 3. The graph of y x 2 is
dashed and is not included in the graph of
y 7 x 2.
y
y3
y x 2
x

intersection of the graphs of x 2y and
2x 3y 7. The region is shaded. The graphs of
x 2y and 2x 3y 7 are boundaries of this
Pages 404405
1. B;
4x 2(x 2) 8 0
4x 2x 4 8 0
2x 4 0
2x 4 4 0 4
2x 4
y
2x 3y 7
2x
2
x
O
2
x2
2. C;
Let p the price of the CD before tax.
p 0.07p 17.11
1.07p 17.11
x 2y
24. Let x the amount invested at 6% and let

y the amount invested at 8%.
x y 10,000
0.06x 0.08y 760
x y 10,000
x y y 10,000 y
x 10,000 y
1.07p
1.07
17.11
1.07
p 15.99 (to the nearest hundredth)

The price of the CD before tax was $15.99.
3. B;
f(x) 2x 3
f(3) 2(3) 3
63
3
f(x) 2x 3
f(4) 2(4) 3
83
5
Chapter 7
160
0.02
360
f(x) 2x 3
f(5) 2(5) 3
10 3
7
4. D;
2
1
7. D;
2
Number of hours, x
Number of birds, y
1
6
3
14
4
18
Tamikas
her car
current
her
payment
balance plus deposit minus withdrawal is at least $200.
14243 123 14243 1
424
3 1442443 14
424
43 1
424
3
6
26
185

8
4
8
The difference in y values is four times the

difference of the x values. This suggests that
y 4x. Check this equation.
Check:
If x 1, then y 4(1) or 4. But the y
of 2. Try some other values in the
occurs.
1
4
6
3
12
14
4
16
18
6
24
26
y is always 2
more than 4x.
x
4x
y
This pattern suggests that 2 should be added to

one side of the equation in order to correctly
describe the relation. Check y 4x 2.
If x 3, then y 4(3) 2 or 14.
If x 6, then y 4(6) 2 or 26.
Thus, y 4x 2 correctly describes the relation.
5. C;
Step 1 The coordinates of two points on the line
are (3, 0) and (0,4). Find the slope. Let
(x1, y1) (3, 0) and (x2, y2) (0, 4).
1
4 0
(3)
4
3
m0
The slope is 3.

Step 2 The line crosses the y-axis at (0, 4). So,
the y-intercept is 4.
Step 3 Write the equation.
y mx b
(3)y (3) 3x 4
200
58
2
10
2
y5
11. Use the formula V / w h.
4
4
2y
2
y 3x (4)
y 3x 4
230
s 29
Use j s 6 to find the value of j.
js6
j 29 6
j 35
The jeans cost $35.
10. C;
Since the coefficients of the x terms, 3 and 3, are
the same, you can eliminate x by subtracting the
equations.
3x 4y 8
() 3x 2y 2
2y 10
y y
m
2s
2
m x2 x1
2
8. B;
Since the perimeter is 68 ft, 2/ 2w 68.
Since the length is 4 more than twice the width,
/ 2w 4.
9. C;
Let j the cost of the jeans and let s the cost of
the shirt. Since Ernestos total cost is $64, j s
64. Since the jeans cost $6 more than the shirt,
j s 6.
Since j s 6, substitute s 6 for j in the first
equation.
j s 64
(s 6) s 64
2s 6 64
2s 6 6 64 6
2s 58
2 1
Volume 242 8 9 22 8 6
1764 120
1644
The volume is 1644 ft3.
12. (5x 6) (5x 6) (5x 6)
(5x 6) 204
20x 24 204
20x 24 24 204 24
20x 180
3y 4x 12
3y 4x 4x 12 4x
3y 4x 12
The equation is 3y 4x 12.
6. B;
A line parallel to the graph of y 3x 6 has the
same slope.
y 3x 6
y 3x 3x 6 3x
y 3x 6
The slope of the line is 3.
20x
20
180
20
x9
361
Chapter 7

4x 3y 12
4x 3(0) 12
4x 12
4x
4
Column B: Let (2, 1) (x1, y1) and

(5, 3) (x2, y2).
y y
m x2 x1
2
5
12
4
x3
The x-intercept is 3.
14. Write the equation in slope-intercept form
y mx b.
4x 2y 5
4x 2y 4x 5 4x
2y 5 4x
2y
2
y
y
y
7
1

10x 2y 20
() 7x 2y 11
3x
9
3x
3
9
3
x3
the value of y.
5x y 10
5(3) y 10
15 y 10
15 y 15 10 15
y 5
(1)(y) (1) (5)
y5
16. C;
3x 2y 19
5x 4y 17
Multiply by 2.
()
50
10
6x 4y 38
5x 4y 17
11x
55
11x
11
55
11
x5
the value of y.
5x 4y 17
5(5) 4y 17
25 4y 17
25 4y 25 17 25
4y 8
92 9 9
34 3 3 3 3
81
81
Since 34 81 and 92 81, the two quantities are
equal.
17. A;
Column A: Let (2, 4) (x1, y1) and
(1, 3) (x2, y2).
4y
4
8
4
y 2
Since the value of x, 5, is greater than the value
of y, 2, the quantity in Column A is greater.
y y
m x2 x1
1
3 4
1 2
1
3 or 3
Chapter 7
x5
the value of y.
3x y 13
3(5) y 13
15 y 13
15 y 15 13 15
y 2
The value of y is 2. Since 0 is greater than 2,
the quantity in Column B is greater.
19. A;
Multiply the first equation by 2 so the coefficients
equations.
1
10x
10
The slope m is 2 and the y-intercept b is 2.
Since 3 21 and 7 21, 3 is greater than 7. So, the

quantity in Column A is greater.
18. B;
x 3y 11
x 3y 11
3x y 13 Multiply by 3. () 9x 3y 39
10x
50
5 4x
2
5
4x
2
2
5
2 2x
5
2x 2
7x 2y 11
3 1
(2)
362
20a. Let A the number of adult tickets sold and let

C the number of childrens tickets sold.
20b.
The number of
the number of
650.
adult tickets plus childrens 4443
tickets is
144424443 123 1444424
{ 123

7.5A 4.5C 3675

7.5(650 C) 4.5C 3675
4875 7.5C 4.5C 3675
4875 3C 3675
4875 3C 4875 3675 4875
3C 1200
650
The
the
the
the
cost
number
cost
number
of an
of
of a
of
adult
adult
childrens
childrens
ticket
times tickets plus ticket
times tickets
is $3675.
1
424
3 123 14243 123 14
4244
3 123 14
4244
3 { 1
424
3
7.50
4.50
A C 650
A C C 650 C
A 650 C
3C
3
3675
The equations are A C 650 and

7.5 A 4.5 C 3675.
1200
3
C 400
A 650 C
A 650 400
A 250
250 adult tickets and 400 child tickets were
sold.
363
Chapter 7
PQ249-6481F-08[364-387] 26/9/02 10:13 PM Page 364 Sahuja Ahuja_QXP_06:Desktop Folder:Chandra:6481F-QuarkFile:
Chapter 8
Page 409
Polynomials
25
1. 2 2 2 2 2
3. 5 5 52
5. a a a a a a a6
7.
1
2
2222
112 25
34
2. 3 3 3 3
4. x x x x3
6. x x y y y x2y3
8.
a
b
bddd
1ab 221dc 23
9. 32 3 3
9
11. 52 5 5
25
13. (6) 2 (6)(6)
36
10. 43 4 4 4
64
12. 104 10 10 10 10
10,000
14. (3) 3 (3)(3) (3)
27
15.
7
7
7
16. 8 2 8 8
17.
3. Poloma; when finding the product of powers with

the same base, keep the same base and add the
exponents. Do not multiply the bases.
4. No; 5 7d shows subtraction, as well as
multiplication.
4a
5. No; 3b shows division, as well as multiplication.
6. Yes; a single variable is a monomial.
7. x (x4 )(x6 ) x146
x11
4
8. (4a b)(9a2b3 ) (4)(9) (a4 a2 ) (b b3 )
36 (a42 ) (b13 )
36a6b4
3
2
3
32
9. [ (2 ) ] [2 ] 3
[26 ] 3
263
218 or 262,144
10. (3y5z) 2 32 (y5 ) 2 z2
9 y52 z2
9y10z2
Getting Started
123 24 23 23 23 23
16
81
1
Area 2bh
1
2 14 9
1 2
1 21 2
49
64
79
63
The area of the triangle is 63 yd2.
18. Area r2
(62 )
36
113.04
The area of the circle is 36 m2 or about
113.04 m2.
19. Volume /wh
734
21 4
84
20. Volume /wh
555
25 5
125
The volume is 125 cm3.
11. (4mn2 )(12m2n) (4 12)(m m2 ) (n2 n)

48(m12 ) (n21 )
48m3n3
3
4
3
3
12. (2v w ) (3vw ) 2
[ (2) 3 (v3 ) 3 (w4 ) 3 ] [ (3) 2v2 (w3 ) 2 ]
[ 8 v33 w43 ] [ 9 v2 w32 ]
[8v9w12 ] [ 9v2w6 ]
(8 9)(v9 v2 ) (w12 w6 )
72(v92 ) (w126 )
72v11w18
1
13. Area 2bh

1
2 (5n3 )(2n2 )
1
2 (5 2)(n3 n2 )
1
2 (10)(n32 )
5n5
1
14. Area 2bh
Page 413
2 (3a4b)(4ab5 )
1a. Sample answer: n2(n5) n2 + 5

n7
2 5
1b. Sample answer: (n ) n2 5
n10
1c. Sample answer: (nm2)5 n5(m2)5
n5 m2 5
n5m10
2
2
2
2a. No; (5m) 5 m
25m2
2b. Yes; the power of a product is the product of the
powers.
2c. No; (3a)2 (3)2 a2
9a2
7 3
2d. No; 2(c ) 2 c7 3
2c21
2 (3 4)(a4 a) (b b5 )
1
2 (12)(a41 )(b15 )
6a5b6
Pages 413415
19. No;
x
y2
shows division, not multiplication of
variables.
Chapter 8
Practice and Apply
15. Yes; 12 is a real number and therefore a monomial.

16. Yes; 4x3 is the product of a number and three
variables.
17. No; a 2b shows subtraction, not multiplication
of variables.
18. No; 4n 5m shows addition, not multiplication of
variables.
364
37. (2ag2 ) 4 (3a2g3 ) 2 [ (24 ) (a4 ) (g2 ) 4 ][ (32 ) (a2 ) 2 (g3 ) 2 ]

[ 16a4g24 ] [ 9a22g32 ]
[ 16a4g8 ] [ 9a4g6 ]
(16) (9) (a4 a4 ) (g8 g6 )
144(a44 ) (g68 )
144a8g14
2
3
3
3
38. (2m n ) (3m n) 4
[ (23 )(m2 ) 3 (n3 ) 3 ] [ (34 ) (m3 ) 4 (n4 ) ]
[8m23n33 ] [ 81m34n4 ]
[8m6n9 ] [ 81m12n4 ]
(8)(81) (m6 m12 ) (n9 n4 )
648(m612 ) (n94 )
648m18n13
20. Yes; 5abc14 is the product of a number, 5, and

several variables.
21. (ab4 )(ab2 ) (a a)(b4 b2 )
(a11 )(b42 )
a2b6
5
4
2
22. ( p q )( p q) ( p5 p2 )(q4 q)
( p52 )(q41 )
p7q5
23. (7c3d4 ) (4cd3 ) (7 4)(c3 c) (d4 d3 )
(28) (c31 ) (d43 )
28c4d7
7k5 )(8jk8 ) (3)(8)( j7 j)(k5 k8 )
24. (3j
(24)( j71 )(k58 )
24j8k13
2
3
4
3
4
2
25. (5a b c )(6a b c ) (5 6) (a2 a3 )(b3 b4 ) (c4 c2 )
(30)(a23 )(b34 )(c42 )
30a5b7c6
5
3
4
6
3
26. (10xy z )(3x y z ) (10 3)(x x4)(y5 y6)(z3 z3)
(30)(x1 4)(y5 6)(z3 3)
30x5y11z6
7
2
2
2
27. (9pq ) 9 p (q7 ) 2
81 p2 q72
81p2q14
28. (7b3c6 ) 3 73 (b3 ) 3 (c6 ) 3
343 b33 c63
343b9c18
2
4
2
29. [ (3 ) ] [324 ] 2
[38 ] 2
382
316 or 43,046,721
2
3
2
30. [ (4 ) ] [423 ] 2
[46 ] 2
462
412 or 16,777,216
31. (0.5x3 ) 2 (0.5) 2 (x3 ) 2
0.25 x32
0.25x6
5
3
32. (0.4h ) (0.4) 3 (h5 ) 3
0.064 h53
0.064h15
1 2
3
3
33. 4c 3 4 3 c3
27
64 c3
34.
13 2
39. (8y3 ) (3x2y2 ) 8 xy4 (8) (3)
40.
1 2
24
1 38 2 (x2 x) (y3 y2 y4 )
138 2 (x21) (y324)
9x3y9
4
1
m 2 (49m) (17p) 34p5
7
4
1
7 2 (m2 ) (49m) (17p) 34p5
16
1
49 (49) (17) 34 (m2 m) ( p p5 )
1
(16) 2 (m21 ) ( p15 )
31 2
1 2
12
1 2
3 6
8m p
41. (2b3 ) 4 3(2b4 ) 3 (2) 4 (b3 ) 4 3(2) 3 (b4 ) 3

16b34 3(8)b43
16b12 24b12
(16 24)b12
40b12
3
2
3
3
42. 2(5y ) (3y ) 2(5) 2 (y3 ) 2 (3) 3 (y3 ) 3
2(25) (y32 ) (27)(y33 )
50y6 27y9
43. Area /w
(5f 4g3 ) (3fg2 )
(5) (3) ( f 4 f ) ( g3 g2 )
15( f 41 ) (g32 )
15f 5g5
44. Area s2
45. Area r2
2 2
(a b)
(7x4 ) 2
2 2 2
(a ) (b )
[ 72 (x4 ) 2 ]
22 2
a b
(49x4 2 )
4 2
a b
(49x8 )
3
46. Volume s
47. Volume /wh
14k3 2 3
(xy3 ) (y) (x2y)
3
3
3
4 1k 2
(x x2 ) (y3 y y)
33
64k
(x12 ) (y311 )
64k9
x3y5
48. Volume r2h
(2n) 2 (4n3 )
(22 n2 ) (4n3 )
(4n2 ) (4n3 )
(4 4) (n2 n3 )
16n23
16 n5
145a222 145 22 (a2)2

16
25 a22
16
25 a4
35. (4cd) 2 (3d2 ) 3 [ 42 c2 d2 ] [ (3) 3 (d2 ) 3 ]
[ 16c2d2 ] [27 d23 ]
[ 16c2d2 ] [27d6 ]
(16)(27)(c2 )(d2 d6 )
432 c2 d26
432c2d8
36. (2x5 ) 3 (5xy6 ) 2 [ (2) 3 (x5 ) 3 ] [ (5) 2 (x2 )(y6 ) 2 ]
[ 8x53 ] [ 25x2y62 ]
[ 8x15 ] [ 25x2y12 ]
(8)(25)(x15 x2 )(y12 )
200 x152y12
200x17y12
365
Chapter 8
49. 106 106 1066

1012 or 1 trillion
6 4
50. (10 ) 1064
1024
51. For 1 km/min:
I 2s2
2(1) 2 or 2
For 2 km/min:
I 2s2
2122 2 or 8
For 4 km/min:
I 2s2
2(4) 2 or 32
52. The collision impact quadruples, since 2(2s)2 is
4(2s2).
53. 212 210 21210
222 or 4,194,304 ways
54. There is 1 way of answering all questions
correctly out of a total of 4,194,304 ways to
answer all questions.
62.
y
y 2x 1
x
yx2
63.
y
x 2
yx3
O
P(answers all correct) 4,194,304
64. 4x 5y 2
x 2y 6
Multiply the second equation by 4. Then add.
4x 5y 2
() 4x 8y 24
13y 26
55. False. If a 4, then (4)2 16 and 42 16.

56. True. (ambn)p (am) p(bn) p Power of a Product
ampbnp
Power of a Power
57. False. Let a 3, b 4, and n 2. Then (a b)n
(3 4)2 or 49 and an bn 32 42 or 25.
13y
13
80 feet
the ratio 320 feet which simplifies to a ratio of

1 to 4
If s is replaced by 2s in the formula for the
braking distance required for a car traveling
1
s miles per hour the result is 20 (2s) 2. Using
the Power of a Product and Power of a Power
1
Properties, this simplifies to 4 20s2 . This
y2
Substitute 2 for y in the second equation.
x 2y 6
x 2122 6
x46
x4464
x2
65. 3x 4y 25
2x 3y 6
Multiply the first equation by 3 and the second
equation by 4. Then add.
9x 12y 75
() 8x 12y 24
17x
51
means that doubling the speed of a car

multiplies the braking distance by 4.
59. D; 42 45 425
60. D; Volume s3
7
4
15x2 3
53x3
125x3
Page 415
61.
17x
17
51
17
x 3
Substitute 3 for x in the second equation.
2x 3y 6
2(3) 3y 6
6 3y 6
6 3y 6 6 6
3y 12
y 2x 2
O
y x 1
26
13
3y
3
12
3
y 4
Chapter 8
366
66. x y 20
0.4x 0.15y 4
Multiply the first
0.15x 0.15y
() 0.4x 0.15y
0.25x
0.25x
0.25
74. Let x be the number of hours.

Train
Northbound
Southbound
equation by 0.15. Then add.

3
4
1
6
4
2
70x
70
6
6
6
6
4a 12 6 24
4a 12
4a 12 6 24
and
4a 12 12
4a 12 12 6 24 12
4a
4a 6 12
8
4
4a
4
4a
4
4
2
14
14
14 2
12
6
6
6
6
3h 2 6 2
3h 2
3h 2 2
3h
12
3
3h
3
75.
78.
81.
4 6 h
The solution set is the empty set, .
4
70.
2
2m 3 7 7
2m 3 3 7 7 3
2m 7 10
2m
2
or
2
h 6 0
3
15
3
3
15
3
77.
10
5
80.
9
48
5
79.
14
36
82.
45
18

14
2
36
2
7
18
45
9
18
9
5
1
or 22
2

10
5
5
5
2
or 2
1
9
3
48
3
3
16
Algebra Activity
Surface
2m
2
0
3
2m 7 7 9
2m 7 7 7 9 7
2m 7 2
10
2
76.
Volume
Ratio
Original
2 by 5 by 3
62
30
4 by 10 by 6
248
240
248
62
810
558
62
2
2
Surface
Dimensions
Area
Volume
Area Ratio
Prism
m 7 5
4
6
Collect the data.

Method 1
By counting, we find that there are 62 squares.
Method 2
SA 2w/ 2wh 2/h
2(3) (5) 2(3) (2) 2(5) (2)
30 12 20
62
The surface area is 62 cm2.
V /wh
532
30
1.
12
4
2
2
2
1
3
27
27
9
9
9
9
3
1 or 3
44
44
4
32
4
32
11
3
8 or 18
2
6
Page 416
3h 2 6 2
3h 2 2 6 2 2
3h 6 0
3h
3
32
1
and
245
70
7
or
2
The trains will be 245 miles apart in 32 hours.
2 6 a
a 6 3
The solution set is 5a|2 6 a 6 36 .
69.
x
4
4
4 12
8
68.
Distance (d = rt)
40x
30x
40x 30x 245

70x 245
1
0.25
x4
Substitute 4 for x in the first equation.
x y 20
4 y 20
4 y 4 20 4
y 16
4 h 3
4h5
67.
or
4 h 4 3 4
4h454
h 7
h54
h1
The solution set is {h|h 7 or h 1}.
8
Rate
40
30
6 by 15 by 9
558
New
New
1SASAofofOriginal
2 1V VofofOriginal
2
4
9
240
30
810
30
8
27
2. Sample answer:
m 7 1
Surface
Volume
Ratio
Original
4 by 6 by 9
228
216
8 by 12 by 18
912
1728
912
228
4
12 by 18 by
27
2052
5832
2052
228
9
71. The figure has been enlarged. This is a dilation.

72. The figure has been moved around a point. This is
a rotation.
reflection.
Surface
Dimensions
Area
Volume
Area Ratio
Prism
New
New
1SASAofofOriginal
2 1V VofofOriginal
2
1728
216
5832
216
8
27
3. The ratio of the surface areas is 4, and the ratio of

the volumes is 8.
4. The ratio of the surface areas is 9, and the ratio of
the volumes is 27.
367
Chapter 8
5. The ratio of the surface areas is a2, and the ratio

of the volumes is a3.
6. Yes, the conjectures hold. If the ratio of the
dimensions of two cylinders is a, then the ratio of
the surface areas is a2 and the ratio of the
volumes is a3.
8. 132 132
1
10.
5pq
10p6q3
Dividing Monomials

Page 418
1.
KEYSTROKES:
4 ENTER ; 2
1
4
1
8
11.
KEYSTROKES:
p q
15
10 21 p 21 q 2
7
1 16
1p
21q73 2
2
1 5
1p 21q4 2
2
1 1
(q4 )
2 p5
1 2
(cd2 ) 3
(c4d9 ) 2
2
c (d ) 3
(c4 ) 2 (d9 ) 2
3 6
1cc 21dd 2
6
8
18
1c3182 21d61182 2
c11d12
1
16
(4m3n5 ) 0
mn
13. C;
is the
mn
Volume of cylinder
Volume of sphere
1 ENTER

The value of 51 is 0.2 or 5. The conjecture is

correct.
r2h
4
r3
3
(r) 2 (2r)
4
(r) 3
3
4.
KEYSTROKES:
0 ENTER
0
0 ENTER
An error message appears.
KEYSTROKES:

Page 421
3 5
a b
ab2
a
1
b
1
Pages 421423
12
14.
7
72
5.
12c7z d 23 (2c(7z d))

3

Chapter 8
2 3
3 3 3
2 (c ) d
73 (z2 ) 3
9 3
8c d
343z6
4
42
3
3
3
2 3
(1)r33
1 4
3 0
3
r or 2
2
x y
x2y7
Practice and Apply

13
4122
7 3
8 12
782
76 or 117,649
6.
1 21rr 2
15.
3
37
3137
410 or 1,048,576
a b2
16.
a3 b5 a1 b2
a3(1) b5(2)
a2b3
3. Jamal; a factor is moved from the numerator of a
fraction to the denominator or vice versa only if
1
the exponent of the factor is negative; 4 4.
4.
4
r3
3
1. Sample answer: 9xy and 6xy2

(9xy)(6xy2 ) (9)(6)(x x)(y y2 )
54x2y3
2.
2 r3
2
a4b
The value of 50 is 1.
5.
g8
c5d3
c d
2ad. The numbers are reciprocals of one another.

1
5
c8d18
12.
1
3. The fractional value of 51 is 5, since
8
1
2
5
Power 24 23 22 21 20 21 22 23 24

16
1c1 21d1 21g1 2

1 1 g
1 c 21 d 21 1 2
2p5
ENTER ; 2
2 ENTER ; 2
1 ENTER ; 2
0 ENTER ; 2
1 ENTER ; 2
2
ENTER ; 2
3 ENTER ; 2
4 ENTER
Value
c5
d3g8
1
169
8-2
9.
12
18.
1
y4
15b2a n 2
4

20.
2a3
10a8
3 9
17.
368
15b4n2 2
12a6 2 2
y z
yz2
1yy 21zz 2
(y
y2z7
19.
14x3my 2
7
5 3
25b8n2
4a12
3
13m7 2 4
14x5y3 2 4
34 1m7 2 4
44 1x5 2 4 1y3 2 4
81m28
256x20y12
21.
15b
45b5
11545 21bb 2
5

1 1
5 a5
3
1
5a5
1 2
31 ) (z92 )
52 1b4 2 2n2
22 1a6 2 2
a
12
10 21 a 2
1 38
(a
)
5
1 5
a
5
7. y0 1y5 21y9 2 y05192

1pp 21nn 2

p3n
(x82 ) (y127 )
x6y5
y4
(p74 )(n32 )
1xx 21yy 2
8
p n
p4n2
36 or 729
1
3
1
3
(b15 )
b 4
1
1b1 2
1
3b4
22. x3y0x7 x3(7)y0

x 4 (1)
33.
p 4q 3
(p5q2 ) 1
x4
23. n2 ( p 4 )(n 5 ) n2(5)p 4

n 3p 4

2
27.
2
2
2 3
3
52
1 21 21 21 2

30.
18x3y4z7
2x2yz
14
3
37.
161 21h1 21k1 2
12a3ab 2
19y0z4
3z16
2
17
32.
1 21 21 21 2
16

38. /
1 2

9 3
27a c
8b9
Area
w
24x5y3
8x3y2
24 x5 y3
8 x3 y2
1 21 21 2
3(x53 ) (y32 )
3x2y
The length is 3x2y units.
Area
39. h 1
b
2
5 2r4
22r6
5 2 1 r4
1
22 r6

23 (a2 ) 3 (b3 ) (c1 ) 3

33 (a3 ) (b2 ) 3
2 3a6b 3c3
3 3a 3b6
23
1
a6 b 3 c3
1 3 3 a 3 b6
1
3
1 21 21 2
1 1
1 25 21 4 2 (r46 )
1
1 100 2 (r 2 )
1
1
1 100 21 r 2
(2a2bc1 ) 3
(3ab2 ) 3
1 21 21 21 21 2
1 3
c
1 2 21 1 2 (a6(3) ) (b 36 ) 1 1 2
1 27
c
1 8 21 1 2 (a9 ) (b 9 ) 1 1 2
27c a
1
8 1 1 21 b 2
19
(z12 )
3
19 1
3 z12
19
3z12
(5r 2 ) 2
5 2 (r 2 ) 2
22 (r3 ) 2
(2r3 ) 2
z
(y0 ) 1 z 2
119
3 2
19
1 3 2 (1)(z416 )
b2
5n2z3
6k17
h3
18 x3 y4 z7
2 x2 y z
bc1 3
2
9(x32 )(y41 )(z71 )

9xy3z6
31.
51b2 n4
n2 z3
51 b2 n4 1
1
1 n2 z3
6(h21 ) (k14(3) )
6h3k17
51 (b2 ) 1 (n4 ) 1

(n2 ) 1 (z3 ) 1
1305 21hh 21kk 2

2
1

4a4c4
30h 2k14
5hk 3
27
4(a73 )(1)(c 4(8) )
29.
2
2 3 1
1 21 21 21 2
1 b
1
1 5 21 1 2 (n4(2) ) 1 z 2
b
1 5z 2 (n2 )
b
1
1 5z 21 n 2
23
33
28 a7 1 c 4
7 a3 b0 c 8
1b 4cc dd 2
2 3 1
42
28.
3
35.
2 4 1
1
25
1
3
16
132 23 32
3
1
1 1 21 2 2
1 2
1 3 21 1 2
2 5
2 4
3
2
28a7c 4
7a3b0c 8
34.
125
145 2 2 45
4
1
1 1 21 5 2
1 5
1 4 21 1 2
p
q
11q 2
1r t t 2 1
5b n
(5b n )
36. 1 n z 2 (n z )
36
26.
25. 5 3 53
1 21 2
p
1
n3p4
24. 6 2 62
p 4q 3
(p5 ) 1 (q2 ) 1
p 4q 3
p 5q 2
p4 q3
p5 q2
( p4(5) ) (q3(2) )
p(q1 )
1n1 21p1 2
3
1
100r2
100 a3b
1
(20a2 )
2
100a3b
1 21 21 2
10a2
100 a3 b
10 a2 1
10 (a32 ) (b)
10ab
The height is 10ab units.
369
Chapter 8
40.
heavy traffic
normal conversation
10 3
51. You can compare pH levels by finding the ratio of

one pH level to another written in terms of the
1
concentration c of hydrogen ions, c 10 pH.
Sample answer: To compare a pH of 8 with a
pH of 9 requires simplifying the quotient of
powers,
10 6
1 2
103(6)
103 or 1000
The sound from heavy traffic is 103 or 1000 times
more intense than normal conversation.
41. 10,000 noisy kitchen 104 10 2
104(2)
102
The sound of a jet plane (30 m away) is 10,000
times more intense than a noisy kitchen.
42.
whisper
normal conversation
1101 2
1101 2
109(6)
10 3
The intensity of a whisper is

that of normal
conversation.
43. If you toss a coin n times, the probability of
1
getting n heads is 2 n.
12 2
10 4 104 or
1
1
10,000
1
105
to
1
104
cm or
Page 423
1
100,000
55.
to
1
109
cm or
1
10,000,000
to
56.
an3
47.

48. (54x3 )(52x1 ) 5(4x3)(2x1)
56x2
c x7
c x4
50.
58.
59.
c(x7)(x4)
c x7x4
c11
3b2n9
b3(n3)
131 21bb
2n9
3(n3)
60.
(2n9)3(n3)
)
3(b
3(b2n93n9 )
3bn

(m3 m) (n n2 )
(m31) (n12 )
m4n3
4y3 )(4x4y) (3 4) (x4 x4 ) (y3 y)
(3x
12(x44) (y31 )
12x8y4
3 2 4
3 4 2 4
(a x ) (a ) (x )
57. 13cd5 2 2 32 1c2 21d5 2 2
12
8
a x
9c2d10
3 123 2 2 4 2 3 26 4 2
212 or 4096
3 (2b3 ) 2 (3) 3 (a3 ) (b3 ) (22 ) (b3 ) 2
(3ab)
(27) (a3 ) (b3 ) (4) (b6 )
108a3 (b36 )
108a3b9
x0
y0
147x 219y 1200
xy8
54. (m
46. 107 107 or
49.
22 3
3n)(mn2 )
cm.
an (a3 )
Negative Exponent Property
25
1
100,000
1
10,000
1
10,000,000
1
1
109 109 or 1,000,000,000
1
The range of x-rays is 107
1
cm.
1,000,000,000
25(5)
210
53. Since each number is obtained by dividing the
previous number by 3, 31 3 and 30 1.
The range of visible light is

to
1
10
25
2n
1
1 2
1
52. A; 22 23 22 (3)
1
2n
45. 10 5 105 or
1101 2
89
22 23
12
2n
1101 2
10
Thus, a pH of 8 is ten times more acidic than a
pH of 9.
1
1000
1
1000

10 9
44.
10 6
103 or
1 n
131 21b1 2
n
3
bn
y
xy8
147x 219y 1200

O
Chapter 8
370

2x 7 3y
2x 7 3(0)
2x 7
61. Sample answers: 3 oz of mozzarella, 4 oz of Swiss;

4 oz of mozzarella, 3 oz of Swiss; 5 oz of
mozzarella, 3 oz of Swiss
62. y mx b
63. y mx b
y 1x (4)
y 2x 3
yx4
64. y mx b
65. y mx b
1
y

2x 7 3y
2(0) 7 3y
0 7 3y
0 3y 7 3y 3y
3y 7
y 2x 2
1

2y x 10
2102 x 10
0 x 10
0 10 x 10 10
10 x
2y x 10
2y 0 10
2y 10
2y
2
2
x 2 or 32
y 3x (1)
1
3x
2x
2
3y
3
3
7
y 3 or 23
y
(0, 2 13)
2x 7 3y
10
2
y5
(3 12 , 0)
69. 1121 11 since both

112 121 and (11) 2 121.
(0, 5)
2y x 10
(10, 0)
70. 13.24 1.8 since 1.82 3.24.

71. 152 7.21 since
(7.21) 2 52.
72. 102 103 1023
105
73. 108 105 10(8) (5)
1013
6
9
74. 10 10 10(6) 9
103
8
1
75. 10 10 108 (1)
107
4 104 104 (4)
76. 10
100 or 1
77. 1012 10 10(12) 1
1011

4x y 12
4x 0 12
4x 12
4x
4
12
4
x3
4x y 12
4102 y 12
y 12
(1)(y) (1)(12)
y 12
y
Page 424
(3, 0)
8
4
8x
4
8
12
Reading Mathematics
1. Sample answer: triangle; a three-sided polygon.

3a. precisely half of
3b. six
3c. eight
4x y 12
(0, 12)
371
Chapter 8
8-3
Pages 428430
Scientific Notation
Page 428
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
1. When numbers between 0 and 1 are written in

scientific notation, the exponent is negative. If the
number is not between 0 and 1, use a positive
exponent.
2. 65.2 103 is not written in scientific notation.
The number 65.2 is greater than 10.
3. Sample answer: 6.5 million; 6,500,000; 6.5 106
4. 2 108 0.00000002
5. 4.59 103 4590
6. 7.183 1014 718,300,000,000,000
7. 3.6 105 0.000036
8. 56,700,000 5.67 107
9. 0.00567 5.67 103
10. 0.00000000004 4 1011
11. 3,002,000,000,000,000 3.002 1015
12. 15.3 102 2 14.1 105 2 15.3 4.121102 105 2
21.73 107
12.173 101 2 1107 2
2.173 1101 107 2
2.173 108
or 217,300,000
5
3
13. 12 10 2 19.4 10 2 12 9.421105 103 2
18.8 108
11.88 101 2 1108 2
1.88 1101 108 2
1.88 107
or 0.000000188
14.
1.5 102
2.5 1012
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
10
11.5
2.5 21 10 2
39.
12
0.6 1010
16 101 2 1010
6 1101 1010 2
6 1011
or 0.00000000006
15.
1.25 104
2.5 106
40.
10
11.25
2.5 21 10 2
41.
6
0.5 1010
15 101 2 1010
5 1101 1010 2
5 109
or 5,000,000,000
16. 1,650,000,000; 1.65 109; 1,540,000,000,000;
1.54 1012
17. Average
42.
43.
44.
1.54 1012
1.65 109
1.54 1012
1.65 109
1 21 2
0.933 103
19.33 101 2 103
9.33 1101 103 2
9.33 102
933. 33
An average of $933.33 is charged per credit card.
Chapter 8
45.
372
106
Practice and Apply
5
0.000005
6.1 109 0.0000000061
7.9 104 79,000
8 107 80,000,000
1.243 107 0.0000001243
2.99 101 0.299
4.782 1013 47,820,000,000,000
6.89 100 6.89
2 1011 200,000,000,000
2.389 105 238,900
1.67265 1027
0.00000000000000000000000000167265
9.1095 1031
0.00000000000000000000000000000091095
50,400,000,000 5.04 1010
34,402,000 3.4402 107
0.000002 2 106
0.00090465 9.0465 104
25.8 2.58 10
380.7 3.807 102
622 106 16.22 102 2 106
6.22 1102 106 2
6.22 108
11
87.3 10 18.73 102 1011
8.73 110 1011 2
8.73 1012
4
0.5 10 15 101 2 104
5 1101 10 4 2
5 105
0.0081 103 (8.1 103 ) 103
8.1 (103 103 )
8.1 106
7
94 10 19.4 102 107
9.4 110 107 2
9.4 106
12
0.001 10 (1 103 ) 1012
1 1103 1012 2
1 109
10 billion tons 10,000,000,000 tons
1 1010 tons
602,214,299,000,000,000,000,000
6.02214299 1023
18.9 104 214 103 2 18.9 421104 103 2
35.6 107
13.56 102 107
3.56 110 107 2
3.56 108
or 356,000,000
(3 106 )(5.7 102 ) (3 5.7)(106 102 )
17.1 108
(1.71 10) 108
1.71 (10 108 )
1.71 109
or 1,710,000,000
46. (5 102 )(8.6 103 ) (5 8.6)(102 10 3 )

43 105
(4.3 10) 105
4.3 (10 105 )
4.3 104
or 0.00043
47. (1.2 105 ) (1.2 103 ) (1.2 1.2) (105 10 3 )
1.44 108
or 0.0000000144
48. (3.5 107 ) (6.1 108 ) (3.5 6.1) (107 108 )
21.35 101
(2.135 10) 101
2.135 (10 101 )
2.135 100
or 2.135
49. (2.8 102 ) (9.1 106 ) (2.8 9.1) (102 106 )
25.48 104
(2.548 10) 104
2.548 (10 104 )
2.548 105
or 254,800
50.
7.2 109
4.8 104
1 21 2
7.2
4.8
109
104
51.
7.2 103
1.8 107
1.5
or 150,000
52.
21
5.745 trillion
283.9 million
3.162 104
5.1
102
58.
53.
21
55.
2.795 108
4.3 104
4.65 101
5 105
1 21 2
Rodriguezs salary
Fosters salary
25.2 million
2.04 million
4 10
or 0.0004
10
125.2
2.04 21 10 2
6
6
12.35
Rodriguezs salary in 2000 was about 12 times
Fosters salary in 1982.
59. There are 365 24 60 60 or 31,536,000 or
3.1536 107 seconds per year.
(4.4 106 )(3.1536 107 )
(4.4 3.1536) (106 107 )
13.87584 1013
1.387584 1014
The sun burns about 1.4 1014 or 140 trillion tons
of hydrogen per year.
60a. always
(a 10n ) p ap (10n ) p
Product of Powers
ap 10np
Power of a Product
p
np
60b. Sometimes; a 10 is only in scientific
notation if 1 ap 10. Counterexample:
(5 103)2 52 106 or 25 106, but 25 106
is not in scientific notation since 25 is greater
than 10.
105
10
12.795
4.3 21 10 2
8
4
0.65 104
(6.5 10 1 ) 10 4
6.5 (101 10 4 )
6.5 105
or 0.000065
12
25.2 106
0.23
(2.3 101 ) 105
2.3 (101 105 )
2.3 106
or 0.0000023
54.
10
15.745
283.9 21 10 2
2.04 106
7.2 103
1.8 107
106
1.035 102
4.5
103
5.745 1012
283.9 106
0.020 106
or 20,236
In April 2001, each persons share of the debt was
about $20,236.
0.62
(6.2 101 ) 106
6.2 (101 106 )
6.2 107
or 0.00000062
1.035 102
4.5 103

4
105
3.162 104
5.1 102
56. Multiply the daily growth rate by the number of

days. Since we are considering 10 years, there are
365 10 days.
13.3 104 21365 102 13.3 36521104 102
1204.5 103
11.2045 103 2 103
1.2045 (103 103 )
1.2045 100
or 1.2045
After 10 years, the hair would be about
1.2 meters long.
57. Divide the national debt by the number of people.
10
14.65
5 21 10 2
1
5
0.93 106
19.3 101 2 106
9.3 (101 106 )
9.3 107
or 0.00000093
373
Chapter 8
61. Astronomers work with very large numbers such

as the masses of planets. Scientific notation
allows them to more easily perform calculations
with these numbers. Answers should include the
following.
Planet
69.
4,870,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
Earth
5,970,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
Mars

70.
1,900,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
Saturn
569,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
Uranus
86,800,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
Neptune
102,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
Pluto
4.5 10
73. Yes;
74.
75.
KEYSTROKES:
ENTER
5.5 10
1.09
Page 430
68.
49a4b7c2
7ab4c3
4
6 10
7
ENTER
103
1 21 21 21 2
49 a4 b7 c2
7
a b4 c3
7(a41 )(b74 )(c23 )

7a3b3c1
7a3b3

Chapter 8
7a3b3
c
16
and v2.
17
17 3
14
14}
14
7
7
7
7
14
1
3
12
10
9
99
18
186
18
20
22
36
34
11c 2
374
32
30
77. 5b 5122
78. c2 9 32 9
5142
99
20
0
79. b3 3ac 122 3 3152132
8 45
37
80. a2 2a 1 52 2(5) 1
25 10 1
34
81. 2b4 5b3 b 2(2) 4 5(2) 3 (2)
2(16) 5(8) 2
32 40 2
10
82. 3.2c3 0.5c2 5.2c 3.2(3) 3 0.5(3) 2 5.2(3)
3.21272 0.5192 5.2132
86.4 4.5 15.6
75.3
131 2
x 11 23
x 11 11 23 11
x 34
(1)(x) (1)34
x 34
{x|x 34}
6
6
6
6
9 d
9 d 9
d
5d|d
38
3.15 10
is the product of
m3
m33
m
{m|m
12
76.
1.03 103
67.
v2
3
18
11 1.2 10
4.095 10
3
64(n14(6)
106
KEYSTROKES:
14
6
72. No; n shows division, not multiplication of

variables.
5 ENTER
66.
1641 21nn 2131 2
64(n20 )(27)
1728n20
71. No; 3a 4b shows addition, not multiplication of
variables.
7.83 107
8.52
82 (n7 ) 2
9 1.74 10
7.1 10
4n5
p5
1 1p 2
33 (n2 ) 3
2 ENTER
KEYSTROKES:
5
64n14
12,700,000,000,000,000,000,000
KEYSTROKES:
2
33n6
Scientific notation allows you to fit numbers

such as these into a smaller table. It allows
you to compare large values quickly by
comparing the powers of 10 instead of counting
zeros to find place value. For computation,
scientific notation allows you to work with
fewer place values and to express your
answers in a compact form.
62. C; 360 104 3.6 102 104
3.6 102
63. (25 billion) (270 million)
(25 109)(270 106)
(25 270)(109 106)
6750 1015
6.75 103 1015
6.75 1018
There are about 6.75 1018 hemoglobin
molecules in the human body.
65.
(8n7 ) 2
(3n2 ) 3
642,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
Jupiter
141 21nn 21p1 2
4n5
330,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
Venus
(4)(n3(2 ) (p5 )
Mass (kg)
Mercury
64.
4n3p5
n2
Page 430
2.
Practice Quiz 1
1. n 1n 2 1n2 n
n8
3
2. 4ad(3a d) (4 3)(a a3 )(d d)
12(a13 )(d11 )
12a4d2
3. (2w3z4 ) 3 (4wz3 ) 2
(2) 3 (w3 ) 3 (z4 ) 3 (4) 2 (w2 )(z3 ) 2
8(w9 )(z12 ) (16) (w2 ) (z6 )
128(w92 )(z126 )
128w11z18
3
4.
25p10
15p3
341
1 21 2
5
1 3 2 1 p103 2
5
1 3 2 (p7 )

6.
p10
p3
25
15
5.
6k3 2
7np4
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
(6k3 ) 2
(7np4 ) 2
62 1k3 2 2
72n2 1p4 2 2
36k6
49n2p8
2
36z10
36z10
y4
10
x
x
1
3x 2x
x2 x 4
2x2 3x 1
x2 2x 3
Sample answer: x2, x, and 1 represent the areas of
tiles.
Polynomials
1y1 2
4
5.
6.
10
19.2
2.3 21 10 2
3
5
4 102
or 0.04
7.
10
13.6
1.2 21 10 2
7
8.
2
3 10
or 3,000,000,000
9.
Algebra Activity
10.
1.
x
1. Sample answer: 8
2. A negative exponent indicates division, and an
expression involving division by a variable is not
a monomial. If one of the terms of an expression
is not a monomial, then the expression is not a
polynomial.
3a. True; a binomial is a polynomial with two terms.
3b. False; 3x 5 is a polynomial but since it has
two terms it is not a monomial.
3c. True; a monomial is a polynomial with one term.
4. 5x 3xy 2x 7x 13xy2
This expression is the sum of two monomials. Yes,
it is a polynomial; it is a binomial.
Page 434
10
7. 16.4 103 217 102 2 16.4 721103 102 2

44.8 105
14.48 102 105
4.48 110 105 2
4.48 106
or 4,480,000
8. (4 102 ) (15 106 ) (4 15)(102 106 )
60 104
(6.0 10) 104
6.0 (10 104 )
6.0 103
or 0.006
x
8-4
41y4 21921z10 2
Page 431
3.6 107
1.2 102
4(1) (y2 )
141 21yy 2131 21z 1 2

3 z
41y26 2 1 1 21 1 2
10.
32 (y3 ) 2 (z5 ) 2
9.2 10
2.3 105
4.
4y2
9.
3.
32y6z10
1 1 1 1
5p7
3
4x0y2
(3y3z5 ) 2
11.
12.
375
2z
5
5z
This expression is a monomial. Yes, it is a

polynomial.
9a2 7a 5 9a2 7a 152
This expression is the sum of three monomials.
Yes, it is a polynomial; it is a trinomial.
The polynomial 1 has only one term, whose
degree is 0. Thus, the degree of 1 is 0.
The polynomial 3x 2 has two terms, 3x and 2,
whose degrees are 1 and 0, respectively. Thus, the
degree of 3x 2 is 1, the greater of 1 and 0.
The polynomial 2x2y3 6x4 has two terms, 2x2y3
and 6x4, whose degrees are 5 and 4, respectively.
Thus, the degree of 2x2y3 6x4 is 5, the greater
of 5 and 4.
6x3 12 5x 6x3 12x0 5x1
12 5x 6x3
2
3
2
7a x 4x 2ax5 2a
7a2x3 4x2 2ax5 2ax0
2a 4x2 7a2x3 2ax5
2c5 9cx2 3x 2c5x0 9cx2 3x1
9cx2 3x 2c5
Chapter 8
13. y3 x3 3x2y 3xy2 y3x0 x3 3x2y 3xy2

x3 3x2y 3xy2 y3
14. Since the diameter of each semicircle is 2d, the
radius is half of 2d or d.
Area of shaded region
area of rectangle area of semicircles
27. The polynomial 4ab has only one term, whose

degree is 2. Thus, the degree of 4ab is 2.
28. The polynomial 13 has only one term, whose
29. The polynomial c4 7c2 has two terms, c4 and
7c2, whose degrees are 4 and 2, respectively.
Thus, the degree of c4 7c2 is 4, the greater of 4
and 2.
30. The polynomial 6n3 n2p2 has two terms, 6n3
and n2p2, whose degrees are 3 and 4,
respectively. Thus, the degree of 6n3 n2p2 is 4,
the greater of 3 and 4.
31. The polynomial 15 8ag has two terms, 15 and
8ag, whose degrees are 0 and 2, respectively.
Thus, the degree of 15 8ag is 2, the greater of
0 and 2.
32. The polynomial 3a2b3c4 18a5c has two terms,
3a2b3c4 and 18a5c, whose degrees are 9 and 6,
respectively. Thus, the degree of 3a2b3c4 18a5c
is 9, the greater of 9 and 6.
33. The polynomial 2x3 4y 7xy has three terms
2x3, 4y, and 7xywhose degrees are 3, 1, and 2,
respectively. Thus, the degree of 2x3 4y 7xy is
3, the greatest of 3, 1, and 2.
34. The polynomial 3z5 2x2y3z 4x2z has three
terms3z5, 2x2y3z, and 4x2zwhose degrees
are 5, 6, and 3, respectively. Thus, the degree of
3z5 2x2y3z 4x2z is 6, the greatest of 5, 6,
and 3.
35. The polynomial 7 d5 b2c2d3 b6 has four
terms7, d5, b2c2d3, and b6whose degrees are
0, 5, 7, and 6, respectively. Thus, the degree of
7 d5 b2c2d3 b6 is 7, the greatest of 0, 5, 7,
and 6.
36. The polynomial 11r2t4 2s4t5 24 has three
terms11r2t4, 2s4t5, and 24whose degrees are
6, 9, and 0, respectively. Thus, the degree of
11r2t4 2s4t5 24 is 9, the greatest of 6, 9,
and 0.
11 2
1
c12d2 2 1 2d2 2
lw 2 2r2
2cd d2
Pages 434436
Practice and Apply
15. 14
polynomial.
16.
6m2
p
p3
The expression
6m2
p
is not a monomial. No, this is
not a polynomial.
17. 7b 3.2c 8b 15b 13.2c2
18. 3x2 x 2 3x2 x 122
1

19. 6gh2 4g2h g 6gh2 14g2h2 g
5
20. 4 2a a2
5
The expression a2 is not a monomial. No, this is

not a polynomial.
21. Area of shaded region
area of rectangle area of triangle
1
bh 2bh
1
2bh or 0.5bh
37. 2x 3x2 1 2x1 3x2 1x0

1 2x 3x2
3
5
38. 9x 7 3x 9x3 7x0 3x5
7 9x3 3x5
2
3
3
2
39. c x c x 8c c2x3 c3x2 8cx0
8c c3x2 c2x3
40. x3 4a 5a2x6 x3 4ax0 5a2x6
4a x3 5a2x6
5
2
41. 4 3ax 2ax 5a7
4x0 3ax5 2ax2 5a7x0
4 5a7 2ax2 3ax5
42. 10x3y2 3x9y 5y4 2x2
10x3y2 3x9y 5x0y4 2x2
5y4 2x2 10x3y2 3x9y
43. 3xy2 4x3 x2y 6y
3x1y2 4x3 x2y 6x0y
6y 3xy2 x2y 4x3
44. 8a5x 2ax4 5 a2x2
8a5x1 2ax4 5x0 a2x2
5 8a5x a2x2 2ax4

area of rectangle area of squares
ab 41x2 2
ab 4x2
area of triangle area of circle
1
2xy r2
24. Since the radius of the circle is r, the diameter is
2r. Since the base of the triangle is a diameter,
the base is 2r.
Area of shaded region
area of circle area of triangle
1
r2 2 (2r)(r)
r2 r2
25. The polynomial 5x3 has only one term, whose
degree is 3. Thus, the degree of 5x3 is 3.
26. The polynomial 9y has only one term, whose
degree is 1. Thus, the degree of 9y is 1.
Chapter 8
376
45. 5 x5 3x3 5x0 x5 3x3

x5 3x3 5
2
46. 2x 1 6x 2x1 1x0 6x2
6x2 2x 1
3x2 5a 2a2x3 4a3x2 5ax0 2a2x3
47. 4a
2a2x3 4a3x2 5a
2
2
2
48. b x 2xb b x0 x2 2x1b
x2 2xb b2
49. c2 cx3 5c3x2 11x
c2x0 cx3 5c3x2 11x1
cx3 5c3x2 11x c2
50. 9x2 3 4ax3 2a2x
9x2 3x0 4ax3 2a2x1
4ax3 9x2 2a2x 3
51. 8x 9x2y 7y2 2x4
8x1 9x2y 7x0y2 2x4
2x4 9x2y 8x 7y2
52. 4x3y 3xy4 x2y3 y4
4x3y 3x1y4 x2y3 x0y4
4x3y x2y3 3xy4 y4
53. Multiply the number of each type of coin by its
value, and add.
0.25q 0.10d 0.05n
54. t 23; For t 23, the model predicts a negative
number of quadruplet births.
55. Volume
58. A polynomial model of a set of data can be used to

predict future trends in data. Answers should
1 4
r2h 3r3
56. Volume r2h
123 2r3
2
(4)(6) 3(8)
88

3
19
19
22
23.5
25
34
Actual
Data Values
19
19
22
24
26
36
61. 12,300,000 1.23 107

62. 0.00345 3.45 103
63. 12 106 1.2 10 106
1.2 107
64. 0.77 1010 7.7 101 1010
7.7 1011
0
1
2
3
4
5
Page 436
(2) 2 (6) 3r(2) 3

24
The polynomial function models the data

exactly for the first 3 values of t, and then
closely for the next 3 values.
Someone might point to this model as evidence
that the time people spend playing video
games is on the rise. This model may assist
video game manufacturers in predicting
production needs.
59. B; 3x3 2x2 x 1 3(1)3 + 2(1)2 (1) 1
3(1) 2(1) 0
3 2
1
60. C; The degree of 5x2y3 is 5. The degree of 3x3y2 is
5. So the two quantities are equal.
volume of cylinder 2 (volume of sphere)

r2h 2 3 r3
65. a0b2c1 1
16

3
1b1 2 11c 2
2
b2c
or about 92.15
66.
5n5
n8
1nn 2
5
8
5(n58 )
5n3
The volume of the container is about 92.15 in3.

57. True; for the degree of a binomial to be zero, the
highest degree of both terms would need to be
zero. The terms would be like terms. With these
like terms combined, the expression is not a
binomial, but a monomial. Therefore, the degree
of a binomial can never be zero. Only a monomial
can have a degree of zero.
67.
68.
4x3y2
3z

2
(4x3y2 ) 2
(3z) 2
42 (x3 ) 2 (y2 ) 2
32z2
16x6y4
9z2
y5m8
y3m7

(y) m
y3m7
1 2
5 1
1 n3
5
n3
1yy 2 1mm 2
5
7
(y53 ) (m8(7) )
y2m15
69. The graph represents a relation that is not a
70. The table represents a function since, for each
element in the domain, there is only one
377
Chapter 8
3. 4x2 x
5x 2
71. There are 26 black cards and 52 total cards.

P(black)
26
52
or
1
2
72. 3n 5n (3 5)n
8n
2
73. 9a 3a 2a2 9a2 2a2 3a
(9 2)a2 3a
7a2 3a
74. The expression 12x2 8x 6 is simplified since
it has no like terms or parentheses.
75. 3a 5b 4a 7b (3a 4a) (5b 7b)
(3 4)a (5 7)b
a 2b
76. 4x 3y 6 7x 8 10y
(4x 7x) (3y 10y) (6 8)
(4 7)x (3 10)y 2
11x 7y 2
Page 438
x 2
x 2
x 2
x 2
x
1 1
4x 2
2
6x
(4x2 x) (5x 2) 4x2 6x 2

4. 3x2 4x 2
remove x2 5x 5
Algebra Activity
1. 5x2 3x 4
2x2 4x 1
x2
x2
1
1
1
1
1
x2
x2
x2
x2
x2
x
x2
1
1
x
x
x
x
x2
x
x
x
x
9x
x 2
x2
x2
x2
x2
5x 2
x x
2x
x 2
x 2
11
x2
3x 2
(2x2 5) (3x2 2x 6) 5x2 2x 11
x2
(3x2 4x 2) (x2 5x 5) 2x2 9x 7

5. x2 7x
remove 2x2 3x
3
(5x2 3x 4) (2x2 4x 1) 7x2 x 3

2. 2x2 5
3x2 2x 6
x2
x
1
2x 2
7x 2
x2
1
Chapter 8
4x
(x2 7x) (2x2 3x) 3x2 4x
378
6. 8x 4
remove 6x2 x 3
x2
x 2
x2
x 2
x2
x 2
x2
x 2
x2
x 2
x 2
x2
1
1
1
7x
(8x 4) (6x2 x 3) 6x2 7x 7

7. Method from Activity 2:
You need to add zero pairs so that you can remove
2 x tiles and 3 1 tiles.
x
x
1
1
x x x
2x 2 5x 2
Method from Activity 3:

You remove all zero pairs to find the difference in
simplest form.
x x x
Pages 441443
Opposite of 2x 3
1. The powers of x and y are not the same.

2. Sample answer: 6x2 4x 7 and 4x2 3x 4
3. Kendra; Esteban added the additive inverses of
both polynomials when he should have added the
opposite of the polynomial being subtracted.
4. (4p2 5p) (2p2 p)
[4p2 (2p2 ) ] (5p p)
2p2 6p
5. (5y2 3y 8) (4y2 9)
(5y2 4y2 ) (3y) [ 8 (9) ]
9y2 3y 1
6. (8cd 3d 4c) (6 2cd)
(8cd 2cd) (3d) 4c (6)
10cd 3d 4c 6
7. (6a2 7a 9) (5a2 a 10)
(6a2 7a 9) (5a2 a 10)
(6a2 5a2 ) [ 7a (a) ] (9 10)
11a2 6a 1
8. (g3 2g2 5g 6) (g2 2g)
(g3 2g2 5g 6) (g2 2g)
g3 [2g2 (g2 ) ] [ 5g (2g) ] 6
g3 3g2 3g 6
9. (3ax2 5x 3a) (6a 8a2x 4x)
(3ax2 5x 3a) (6a 8a2x 4x)
3ax2 [ 5x (4x) ] [ 3a (6a) ]
8a2x
3ax2 9x 9a 8a2x
10. You can find a model for T by adding the
polynomials for F and M.
T (1247n 126,971) (1252n 120,741)
(1247n 1252n) (126,971 120,741)
2499n 247,712
11. The year 2010 is 2010 1990 or 20 years after
1990.
T 2499n 247,712
2499(20) 247,712
297,692
If this trend continues, the population in 2010
would be about 297,692 thousand or 297,692,000.
Page 441
6x 2
Adding and Subtracting

Polynomials
8-5
Practice and Apply
12. (6n 4) (2n2 9)

[6n2 (2n2 ) ] (4 9)
4n2 5
13. (9z 3z2 ) (4z 7z2 )
(9z 4z) [3z2 (7z2 ) ]
13z 10z2
14. (3 a2 2a) (a2 8a 5)
(a2 a2 ) [ 2a (8a) ] (3 5)
2a2 6a 8
x x
1 1 1
2x 2 5x 2
379
Chapter 8
15. (3n2 8 2n) (5n 13 n2 )

(3n2 n2 ) (2n 5n) (8 13)
2n2 7n 5
16. (x 5) (2y 4x 2)
(x 4x) 2y [5 (2) ]
5x 2y 3
17. (2b3 4b b2 ) (9b2 3b3 )
(2b3 3b3 ) [b2 (9b2 ) ] (4b)
5b3 8b2 4b
18. (11 4d2 ) (3 6d2 )
(11 4d2 ) (3 6d2 )
(4d2 6d2 ) [11 (3) ]
10d2 8
19. (4g3 5g) (2g3 4g)
(4g3 5g) (2g3 4g)
[4g3 (2g3 ) ] [5g (4g) ]
2g3 9g
20. (4y3 y 10) (4y3 3y2 7)
(4y3 y 10) (4y3 3y2 7)
[4y3 (4y3 ) ] (3y2 ) (y) (10 7)
8y3 3y2 y 17
21. (4x 5xy 3y) (3y 6x 8xy)
(4x 5xy 3y) (3y 6x 8xy)
[4x (6x) ] [ 5xy (8xy) ]
[3y (3y) ]
2x 3xy
22. (3x2 8x 4) (5x2 4)
(3x2 8x 4) (5x2 4)
[3x2 (5x2 ) ] 8x (4 4)
2x2 8x 8
23. (5ab2 3ab) (2ab2 4 8ab)
(5ab2 3ab) (2ab2 4 8ab)
[5ab2 (2ab2 ) ] (3ab 8ab) (4)
3ab2 11ab 4
3
24. (x 7x 4x2 2) (2x2 9x 4)
(x3 7x 4x2 2) (2x2 9x 4)
29. (9x3 3x 13) (6x2 5x)

(2x3 x2 8x 4)
(9x3 3x 13) (6x2 5x)
(2x3 x2 8x 4)
(9x3 2x3 ) [6x2 (x2 ) ]
[3x 5x (8x) ] (13 4)
11x3 7x2 9
30. The measure of the third side is the perimeter
minus the measures of the other two sides.
(7x 3y) (x 2y) (2x 3y)
(7x 3y) (x 2y) (2x 3y)
[7x (x) (2x) ] [ 3y 2y (3y) ]
4x 2y
The measure of the third side is 4x 2y.
31. The measure of the third side is the perimeter
minus the measures of the other two sides.
(10x2 5x 16) (4x3 3) (10x 7)
(10x2 5x 16) (4x2 3) (10x 7)
[10x2 (4x2 ) ] [ 5x (10x) ]
[16 3 (7) ]
6x2 15x 12
The measure of the third side is 6x2 15x 12.
32. You can find a model for D by subtracting the
polynomial for I from the polynomial for T.
D (160.3n2 26n 24,226)
(161.6n2 20n 23,326)
(160.3n2 26n 24,226)
(161.6n2 20n 23,326)
[160.3n2 (161.6n2 ) ] (26n 20n)
[24,226 (23,326) ]
1.3n2 6n 900
1990.
D 1.3n2 6n 900
1.3(20) 2 6(20) 900
260
If this trend continues, there will be 260 outdoor
movie screens in 2010.
34. The result is always the original number with its
digits swapped.
35. Original number 10x y; show that the new
number will always be represented by 10y x.
new number 9(y x) (10x y)
9y 9x 10x y
10y x
36. The length is 60 x x or 60 2x inches.
37. The width is 40 x x or 40 2x inches.
38. Girth 2(width) 2(height)
2(40 2x) 2(x)
80 4x 2x
80 2x
The girth is 80 2x inches.
x3 [4x2 (2x2)] (7x 9x) [2 (4)]
25.
26.
27.
28.
x3 2x2 2x 6
(5x2 3a2 5x) (2x2 5ax 7x)
(5x2 3a2 5x) (2x2 5ax 7x)
[5x2 (2x2 ) ] [5x (7x) ]
5ax 3a2
3x2 12x 5ax 3a2
(3a 2b 7c) (6b 4a 9c)
(7c 3a 2b)
[3a (4a) (3a) ] [2b 6b (2b) ]
[7c 9c (7c) ]
4a 6b 5c
(5x2 3) (x2 x 11) (2x2 5x 7)
(5x2 x2 2x2 ) [x (5x) ]
(3 11 7)
8x2 6x 15
(3y2 8) (5y 9) ( y2 6y 4)
[3y2 8) (5y 9) (y2 6y 4)
[ 3y2 (y2 ) ] [ 5y (6y) ] (8 9 4)
2y2 y 5
Chapter 8
380
39. The sum of the length and the girth must not
exceed 108 inches.
(60 2x) (80 2x) 108
(60 80) [ (2x) (2x) ] 108
140 4x 108
140 4x 140 108 140
4x 32
4x
4
Page 443
32
4
x8
The least possible value of x is 8 inches.
40. 19 inches; For integral values of x greater than
19, the width of the box, 40 2x, would be
negative or zero.
41. The next integer greater than x is 1 greater, so
x + 1.
42. The sum of two consecutive integers x and x 1
is x (x 1) or 2x 1. When 2x 1 is divided by
2x 1
2x
1
1
2; the quotient is 2 2 2 or x 2.
6a
2
4b
2
60
50
40
30
20
10
wpm
The quotient is not an integer, so 2x 1 is not

divisible by 2, and hence, not even. Thus, the sum
of two consecutive integers is odd.
43. 2, 3, and 4 are three consecutive integers whose
sum, 2 3 4 or 9, is not even.
Let x, x 1, x 2, and x 3 be four consecutive
integers. Their sum is x (x 1) (x 2)
(x 3) or 4x 6. When 4x 6 is divided by 2, the
4x 6
4x
6
quotient is 2 2 2 or 2x 3,
which is an integer. Thus, 4x 6 is divisible by 2,
so that the sum of four consecutive integers is
always even.
4 is the least number.
44. In order to find the sum of the video games sales
and the traditional toy sales, you must add the
two polynomial models V and R, which represent
each of these sales from 1996 to 1999.
T 0.45t3 1.85t2 4.4t 22.6
If a person was looking to invest in a toy
company, they might want to look at the trend
in toy sales over the last several years and try
to predict toy sales for the future.
45. A; subtract the width from the perimeter twice.
(16a 2b) (5a b) (5a b)
(16a 2b) (5a b) (5a b)
[16a (5a) (5a) ] (2b b b)
6a 4b
This is twice the length, so divide by 2.
6a 4b
2
47. The polynomial 15t3y2 has only one term, whose

degree is 5. Thus, the degree of 15t3y2 is 5.
49. The polynomial m2 n3 has two terms, m2 and
n3, whose degrees are 2 and 3, respectively. Thus,
the degree of m2 n3 is 3, the greater of 2 and 3.
50. The polynomial 4x2y3z 5x3z has two terms,
4x2y3z and 5x3z, whose degrees are 6 and 4,
respectively. Thus, the degree of 4x2y3z 5x3z is
6, the greater of 6 and 4.
51. 8 106 8,000,000
52. 2.9 105 290,000
53. 5 104 0.0005
54. 4.8 107 0.00000048
5556.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Weeks
57. Sample answer: We use the points (4, 33) and

(7, 45).
y2 y1
mx

58.
59.
60.
or 3a 2b
61.
The length is 3a 2b.

62.
46. D; (a2 2ab b2 ) (a2 3ab b2 )

(a2 2ab b2 ) (a2 3ab b2 )
[a2 (a2 ) ] [ (2ab) 3ab]
[b2 (b2 ) ]
ab
This expression is also equivalent to 36 22 or
14. Thus, ab 14.
x1
45 33
7 4
12
or 4
3

y y1 m(x x1 )
y 33 4(x 4)
y 33 4x 16
y 33 33 4x 16 33
y 4x 17
y 4x 17
4(12) 17
48 17
65
After 12 weeks, a students keyboarding speed
should be about 65 wpm.
No; there is a limit to how fast one can keyboard.
The domain is {2, 0, 6}.
The domain is {4, 1, 5}.
The range is {2,3, 0, 1}.
Let x represent the length.
1
87
8
x
1(x) 87(8)
x 696
The real locomotive is 692 inches or 58 feet long.
63. 6(3x 8) 6(3x) 6(8)
18x 48
64. 2(b 9) 2(b) (2) (9)
2b 18
381
Chapter 8
65. 7(5p 4q) 7(5p) (7)(4q)

35p 28q
66. 9(3a 5b c) 9(3a) 9(5b) 9(c)
27a 45b 9c
67. 8(x2 3x 4) 8(x2 ) 8(3x) 8(4)
8x2 24x 32
68. 3(2a2 5a 7)
3(2a2 ) (3)(5a) (3)(7)
6a2 15a 21
8-6
2(w 1) w 7 4w
2(w) (2)(1) w 7 4w
2w 2 w 7 4w
w 2 7 4w
3w 2 7
3w 9
w3
x(x 2) 3x x(x 4) 5
11.
x(x) x(2) 3x x(x) x(4) 5
x2 2x 3x x2 4x 5
x2 x x2 4x 5
x 4x 5
3x 5
5
x3
10.
Multiplying a Polynomial by a
Monomial
Page 446
12. Subtract x from 10,000 to find the amount in the

CD. The expression is 10,000 x.
13. The total is the sum of the original investment
and the interest earned.
T 10,000 0.04x 0.07(10,000 x)
T 10,000 0.04x 0.07(10,000) 0.07(x)
T 10,000 0.04x 700 0.07x
T 10,700 0.03x
14. T 10,700 0.03x
10,700 0.03(3000)
10,700 90
10,610
If she puts $3000 in savings, she will have $10,610.
1. Distributive Property; Product of Powers Property

2. The three monomials that make up the trinomial
are similar to the three digits that make up the
3-digit number. The single monomial is similar to
a 1-digit number. With each procedure you are
performing multiplications. The difference is that
polynomial multiplication involves variables and
the resulting product is often the sum of two or
more monomials while numerical multiplication
results in a single number.
3. Sample answer: 4x and x2 2x 3;
4x(x2 2x 3)
4x(x2 ) 4x(2x) 4x(3)
4x3 8x2 12x
4. 3y(5y 2) 3y(5y) (3y)(2)
15y2 (6y)
15y2 6y
2
3
2
5. 9b (2b 3b b 8)
9b2 (2b3 ) 9b2 (3b2 ) 9b2 (b) 9b2 (8)
18b5 27b4 9b3 72b2
6. 2x(4a4 3ax 6x2 )
2x(4a4 ) 2x(3ax) 2x(6x2 )
8a4x 6ax2 12x3
7. 4xy(5x2 12xy 7y2 )
4xy(5x2 ) (4xy)(12xy) (4xy)(7y2 )
20x3y (48x2y2 ) (28xy3 )
20x3y 48x2y2 28xy3
8. t(5t 9) 2t t(5t) t(9) 2t
5t2 9t 2t
5t2 11t
3
2
9. 5n(4n 6n 2n 3) 4(n2 7n)
5n(4n3 ) 5n(6n2 ) 5n(2n) 5n(3)
(4)(n2 ) (4)(7n)
20n4 30n3 10n2 15n (4n2 ) (28n)
20n4 30n3 [ (10n2 ) (4n2 ) ]
[15n (28n) ]
20n4 30n3 (14n2 ) (13n)
20n4 30n3 14n2 13n
Chapter 8
Pages 446448
Practice and Apply
15. r(5r r2 ) r(5r) r(r2 )

5r2 r3
3
16. w(2w 9w2 ) w(2w3 ) w(9w2 )
2w4 9w3
17. 4x(8 3x) 4x(8) (4x) (3x)
32x 12x2
2
18. 5y(2y 7y) 5y (2y2 ) 5y(7y)
10y3 35y2
3
19. 7ag (g 2ag) 7ag (g3 ) 7ag (2ag)
7ag4 14a2g2
2
20. 3np(n 2p) 3np(n2 ) (3np) (2p)
3n3p (6np2 )
3n3p 6np2
2
2
21. 2b (3b 4b 9)
2b2 (3b2 ) (2b2 ) (4b) (2b2 ) (9)
6b4 (8b3 ) (18b2 )
6b4 8b3 18b2
22. 6x3 (5 3x 11x2 )
6x3 (5) 6x3 (3x) 6x3 (11x2 )
30x3 18x4 66x5
23. 8x2y(5x 2y2 3)
8x2y(5x) 8x2y(2y2 ) 8x2y(3)
40x3y 16x2y3 24x2y
24. cd2 (3d 2c2d 4c)
cd2 (3d) (cd2 ) (2c2d) (cd2 ) (4c)
3cd3 (2c3d3 ) (4c2d2 )
3cd3 2c3d3 4c2d2
382
25. 4 hk2 (20k2 5h 8)

3
35. 3c2 (2c 7) 4c(3c2 c 5) 2(c2 4)
3c2 (2c) (3c2 ) (7) 4c(3c2 ) 4c(c)
4 hk2 (20k2 ) 4 hk2 (5h) 4 hk2 (8)
15
15hk4 4 h2k2 (6hk2 )
15hk4
15 2 2
h k
4
4c(5) 2(c2 ) 2(4)

6c3 (21c2 ) 12c3 4c2 20c 2c2 8
(6c3 12c3 ) (21c2 4c2 2c2 ) 20c 8
6hk2
6c3 23c2 20c 8
26. 3 a2b(6a3 4ab 9b2 )

2 2
2
a b(6a3 ) 3 a2b(4ab)
3
8
4a5b 3 a3b2 6a2b3
36. 4x2 (x 2) 3x(5x2 2x 6) 5(3x2 4x)

4x2 (x) 4x2 (2) 3x(5x2 ) 3x(2x) 3x(6)
(5) (3x2 ) (5) (4x)
4x3 8x2 15x3 6x2 18x (15x2 )
(20x)
(4x3 15x3 ) (8x2 6x2 15x2 )
(18x 20x)
19x3 x2 2x
37. area of shaded region area of large rectangle
area of small rectangle
4x(3x 2) 2x(3x)
4x(3x) 4x(2) 2x(3x)
12x2 8x 6x2
(12x2 6x2 ) 8x
6x2 8x
38. area of shaded region area of large rectangle
area of small rectangle
5p(3p 4)6(2p 1)
5p(3p) 5p(4) (6) (2p) (6) (1)
15p2 20p (12p) (6)
15p2 (20p 12p) 6
15p2 8p 6
39.
2(4x 7) 5(2x 9) 5
2(4x) 2(7) 5(2x) 5(9) 5
8x 14 10x 45 5
8x 14 10x 50
18x 14 50
18x 36
x 2
40.
2(5a 12) 6(2a 3) 2
2(5a) 2(12) 6(2a) (6) (3) 2
10a 24 12a (18) 2
10a 24 12a 18 2
10a 24 12a 20
22a 24 20
22a 44
a2
41.
4(3p 9) 5 3(12p 5)
4(3p) 4(9) 5 3(12p) (3) (5)
12p 36 5 36p (15)
12p 31 36p 15
48p 31 15
48p 16
2 2
a b(9b2 )
3
27. 5a3b(2b 5ab b2 a3 )

5a3b(2b) (5a3b)(5ab) (5a3b)(b2 )
(5a3b) (a3 )
10a3b2 (25a4b2 ) (5a3b3 ) (5a6b)
10a3b2 25a4b2 5a3b3 5a6b
28. 4p2q2 (2p2 q2 9p3 3q)
4p2q2 (2p2 ) 4p2q2 (q2 ) 4p2q2 (9p3 ) 4p2q2 (3q)
8p4q2 4p2q4 36p5q2 12p2q3
29. d(2d 4) 15d d(2d) d(4) 15d

2d2 4d 15d
2d2 (4d 15d)
2d2 19d
30. x(4x2 2x) 5x3 x(4x2 ) (x)(2x) 5x3
4x3 (2x2 ) 5x3
4x3 2x2 5x3
(4x3 5x3 ) 2x2
9x3 2x2
2
31. 3w(6w 4) 2(w 3w 5)
3w(6w) 3w(4) 2(w2 ) 2(3w) 2(5)
18w2 12w 2w2 6w 10
(18w2 2w2 ) (12w 6w) 10
20w2 18w 10
32. 5n(2n3 n2 8) n(4 n)
5n(2n3 ) 5n(n2 ) 5n(8) n(4) n(n)
10n4 5n3 40n 4n n2
10n4 5n3 n2 (40n 4n)
10n4 5n3 n2 44n
33. 10(4m3 3m 2) 2m(3m2 7m 1)
10(4m3 ) 10(3m) 10(2) (2m)(3m2 )
(2m)(7m) (2m)(1)
40m3 30m 20 6m3 (14m2 )
(2m)
40m3 30m 20 6m3 14m2 2m
(40m3 6m3 ) 14m2 (30m 2m) 20
46m3 14m2 32m 20
34. 4y(y2 8y 6) 3(2y3 5y2 2)
4y(y2 ) 4y(8y) 4y(6) (3)(2y3 )
(3)(5y2 ) (3)(2)
4y3 32y2 24y (6y3 ) (15y2 ) (6)
4y3 32y2 24y 6y3 15y2 6
(4y3 6y3 ) (32y2 15y2 ) 24y 6
2y3 17y2 24y 6
p
42.
16
48
or 3
7(8w 3) 13 2(6w 7)
7(8w) 7(3) 13 2(6w) 2(7)
56w 21 13 12w 14
56w (8) 12w 14
44w 8 14
44w 22
22
w 44 or 2
383
Chapter 8
d(d 1) 4d d(d 8)
d(d) d(1) 4d d(d) d(8)
d2 d 4d d2 8d
d2 3d d2 8d
3d 8d
11d 0
d0
c(c 3) c(c 4) 9c 16
44.
c(c) c(3) (c)(c) (c) (4) 9c 16
c2 3c c2 4c 9c 16
(c2 c2 ) (3c 4c) 9c 16
7c 9c 16
2c 16
c8
y(y 12) 8y 14 y(y 4)
45.
y(y) y(12) 8y 14 y(y) y(4)
y2 12y 8y 14 y2 4y
y2 4y 14 y2 4y
4y 14 4y
8y 14
51. The increased length is 5x 12.

Area 4x(5x 12)
4x(5x) 4x(12)
20x2 48x
52. Since 1 mile is at the $2.75 rate, m 1 miles are
at the $1.25 rate for each taxi. So the cost for
each taxi is 2.75(1) 1.25(m 1) or 2.75
1.25(m 1). Since there are t taxis, we multiply
the cost of each taxi by t.
t [ 2.75 1.25(m 1) ] t(2.75 1.25m 1.25)
t(1.50 1.25m)
1.50t 1.25mt
The total cost to transport the group is
1.50t 1.25mt dollars.
53. The next odd integer is 2 greater than x, so x 2
is the next odd integer.
54. x(x 2) x(x) x(2)
x2 2x
55. Let x and y be integers. Then 2x and 2y are even
numbers, and (2x)(2y) 4xy. 4xy is divisible by 2
since one of its factors, 4, is divisible by 2.
Therefore 4xy is an even number.
56. 2x 1 or 2x 1
57. Let x and y be integers. Then 2x is an even
number and 2y 1 is an odd number. Their
product, 2x(2y 1), is always even since one of its
factors is 2.
58. Since a represents the number of apples, 10-a
represents the number of oranges.
T 0.25a 0.20(10 a)
T 0.25a 0.20(10) 0.20(a)
T 0.25a 2 0.20a
T 2 0.05a
59. T 2 0.05a
2 0.05(4)
2 0.20
2.20
With 4 apples, the total cost is $2.20.
60. T p 0.30p 0.01n(p 0.30p)
T p 0.30p 0.01n(p) (0.01n)(0.30p)
T p 0.30p 0.01np 0.003np
T 0.7p 0.007np
61. Replace p with 200 and n with 10.
T 0.7(200) 0.007(10)(200)
140 14
126
The discounted cost is $126.
62. Distance apart at start
circumference of outer semicircle
circumference of inner semicircle
43.
y
46.
14
8
or 4
k(k 7) 10 2k k(k 6)
k(k) k(7) 10 2k k(k) k(6)
k2 7k 10 2k k2 6k
k2 7k 10 k2 8k
7k 10 8k
15k 10 0
15k 10
10
k 15 or 3
47. 2n(n 4) 18 n(n 5) n(n 2) 7
2n(n) 2n(4) 18 n(n) n(5) n(n) n(2) 7
2n2 8n 18 n2 5n n2 2n 7
2n2 8n 18 2n2 3n 7
8n 18 3n 7
5n 18 7
5n 25
n 5
48. 3g(g 4) 2g(g 7) g(g 6) 28
3g(g) 3g(4) (2g)(g) (2g)(7)
g(g) g(6) 28
3g2 12g 2g2 14g g2 6g 28
g2 2g g2 6g 28
2g 6g 28
4g 28
g7
49. Since x represents the amount put into a savings
account, 6000 x represents the amount used to buy
a certificate of deposit. The total amount is the sum
of the original investment and the interest earned.
T 6000 0.03x 0.06(6000 x)
T 6000 0.03x 0.06(6000) .06(x)
T 6000 0.03x 360 0.06x
T 6360 0.03x or T 0.03x 6360
50.
T 6360 0.03x
6315 6360 0.03x
45 0.03x
1500 x
6000 x 6000 1500 or 4500
Savings account: $1500; certificate of deposit: $4500
Chapter 8
2 [2(x 2.5) ] 2 (2x)

(x 2.5) x
x 2.5 x
2.5
The runners should be 2.5 or about 7.9 feet apart.
384
70. 4x2 10ab 6 4x2 (10ab) 6

71. 4c ab c 3c ab

The product of a monomial and a polynomial
can be modeled using an area model. The area
of the figure shown at the beginning of the
lesson is the product of its length 2x and width
(x 3). This product is 2x(x 3), which when
the Distributive Property is applied, becomes
2x(x) 2x(3) or 2x2 6x. This is the same
result obtained when the areas of the algebra
tiles are added together.
Sample answer: (3x)(2x 1)
(3x)(2x 1) (3x)(2x) (3x)(1)
6x2 3x
1
x
x
72.
y2
7
The expression y is not a monomial. No, this is

not a polynomial.
73.
n2
3
3 n2

polynomial.
74. Let n be the number.
6 10n 9n
6 10n 10n 9n 10n
6 n
(1)6 (1)(n)
6 n
75. Let n be the number.
9n 4 7 13n
9n 4 13n 7 13n 13n
22n 4 7
22n 4 4 7 4
22n 3
64. B; [ (3x2 2x 4) (x2 5x 2) ] (x 2)

[3x2 2x 4 (x2 ) (5x) 2] (x 2)
[2x2 7x 6](x 2)
2x2 (x 2) (7x)(x 2) 6(x 2)
2x2 (x) 2x2 (2) (7x) (x) (7x)(2)
6(x) 6(2)
2x3 4x2 7x2 14x 6x 12
2x3 3x2 8x 12
65. A; Let m represent the number of minutes over
30 minutes and T represent the total charges.
T 70 4m
122 70 4m
52 4m
13 m
The total time is 13 30 or 43 minutes.
Page 449
7
y
22n
22
22
3
n 22
The solution set is n|n 22 .

76. Find the slope.
y2 y1
mx

x1
4 (8)
1 (3)
12
or 3
4

y mx b
8 3(3) b
8 9 b
1b
y mx b
y 3x 1
77. Find the slope.
66. (4x2 5x) (7x2 x)

[4x2 (7x2 ) ] (5x x)
3x2 6x
67. (3y2 5y 6) (7y2 9)
(3y2 5y 6) (7y2 9)
(3y2 7y2 ) 5y (6 9)
4y2 5y 3
68. (5b 7ab 8a) (5ab 4a)
(5b 7ab 8a) (5ab 4a)
5b (7ab 5ab) (8a 4a)
5b 12ab 12a
69. (6p3 3p2 7) (p3 6p2 2p)
(6p3 p3 ) (3p2 6p2 ) 2p 7
7p3 3p2 2p 7
y2 y1
mx

x1
7 5
2 (4)
12
or 2
6

y mx b
5 2(4) b
58b
3 b
y mx b
y 2x 3
385
Chapter 8
78. Find the slope.
Page 449
y2 y1
mx

x1
2 (1)
3 3
3
1
or 2
6

y mx b
1
1 2 (3) b
3
1 2 b
1
2
b

y mx b
1
y 2 x 2
5. 4x2 9x 12 5x3 4x2 9x1 12x0 5x3

5x3 4x2 9x 12
12 9x 4x2 5x3
6. 2xy4 x3y5 5x5y 13x2
2x1y4 x3y5 5x5y 13x2
5x5y x3y5 13x2 2xy4
2xy4 13x2 x3y5 5x5y
7. (7n2 4n 10) (3n2 8)
(7n2 3n2 ) 4n (10 8)
10n2 4n 2
8. (3g3 5g) (2g3 5g2 3g 1)
(3g3 5g) (2g3 5g2 3g 1)
[3g3 (2g3 ) ] (5g2 ) (5g 3g) 1
g3 5g2 2g 1
9. 5a2 (3a3b 2a2b2 6ab3 )
5a2 (3a3b) 5a2 (2a2b2 ) 5a2 (6ab3 )
15a5b 10a4b2 30a3b3
10. 7x2y(5x2 3xy y)
7x2y(5x2 ) 7x2y(3xy) 7x2y(y)
35x4y 21x3y2 7x2y2
79. Let x be the amount of money Kristen had

originally.
1
x
5
gasoline:
haircut:
lunch: 7
1
1
2
1x 15 x2 or 21 145 x2 or 25 x
x 5 x 5 x 7 13
2
x
5
7 13
2
x
5
5 2
x
2 5
20
1 2 52 (20)
x 50
Kristen originally had $50.
80. Stem
3
4
5
6
81. Stem
1
2
3
4
0
5
1
2
Leaf
2 3
7 7 8 9
3 5 6 7
8
6|2 62
0
0
0
3
Leaf
4 5 8 8 8
0 1 1 2
4
4
3|4 34
Practice Quiz 2
1. The polynomial 5x4 has only one term,

whose degree is 4. Thus, the degree of the
polynomial is 4.
2. The polynomial 9n3p4 has only one term,
whose degree is 7. Thus, the degree of the
polynomial is 7.
3. The polynomial 7a2 2ab2 has two terms,
7a2 and 2ab2, whose degrees are 2 and 3,
respectively. Thus, the degree of 7a2 2ab2 is 3,
the greater of 2 and 3.
4. The polynomial 6 8x2y2 5y3 has three
terms, 6, 8x2y2, and 5y3, whose degrees are 0,
4, and 3, respectively. Thus, the degree of
6 8x2y2 5y3 is 4, the greatest of 0, 4, and 3.
Page 451 Algebra Activity

1.
82. (a)(a) a2
x2
83. 2x(3x2 ) (2 3)(x x2 )

6x3
2
84. 3y (8y2 ) (3 8) (y2 y2 )
24y4
85. 4y(3y) 4y(6) (4 3)(y y) (4 6)y
12y2 24y
86. 5n(2n2 ) (5n) (8n) (5n)(4)
(5 2)(n n2 ) (5 8)(n n) (5 4)n
10n3 40n2 20n
87. 3p2 (6p2 ) 3p2 (8p) 3p2 (12)
(3 6)(p2 p2 ) (3 8)(p2 p) (3 12)p2
18p4 24p3 36p2
Chapter 8
x3
x2
x x
1
1
1
x
x
x
1
1
1
1
1
1
(x 2)(x 3) x2 5x 6
386
2.
5.
x2
x2
x
x 3 1
x
x
1
1
1
1
1
x
1 1
x1
x 1
x2
x x
x2
x x
1
1
1
x
x
x
2x 3
(x 2)(2x 3) 2x2 7x 6
(x 1)(x 3) x2 4x 3
6.
3.
x3
x
x1
x
1
x
x2
1
1
x2
x
x
x
2x 4
1
1
4.
x1
x
1
2x 1
x2
x2
(x 1) (2x 1)
2x2
x2
x x x
x2
x x x
1
1
1
x
1 1 1
x
1 1 1
x
1 1 1
1
x
1 1 1
(x 3)(2x 4) 2x2 2x 12
7. By the Distributive Property,
(x 3)(x 4) x(x 4) 3(x 4). The top row
represents x(x 4) or x2 4x. The bottom row
represents 3(x 4) or 3x 12.
(x 1)(x 2) x2 x 2
8-7
Page 455
Polynomials
x3
1.
3x 1
x x x
x x x
2x 1
x
1 1 1
2a. (3x 4)(2x 5)

3x(2x 5) 4(2x 5)
6x2 15x 8x 20
6x2 7x 20
2b. (3x 4)(2x 5)
3x(2x) 3x(5) 4(2x) 4(5)
6x2 15x 8x 20
6x2 7x 20
387
Chapter 8
3x 4
()2x 5
15x 20
2c.
6x2
6x2
2d.
8. (9p 1) (3p 2)
(9p) (3p) (9p) (2) (1) (3p) (1) (2)
27p2 18p 3p 2
27p2 21p 2
8x
9. (2g 7)(5g 8)
(2g)(5g) (2g)(8) (7)(5g) (7)(8)
10g2 16g 35g 56
10g2 19g 56
10. (3b 2c)(6b 5c)
(3b)(6b) (3b)(5c) (2c) (6b) (2c)(5c)
18b2 15bc 12bc 10c2
18b2 3bc 10c2
11. (3k 5) (2k2 4k 3)
3k(2k2 4k 3) 5(2k2 4k 3)
6k3 12k2 9k 10k2 20k 15
6k3 2k2 29k 15
7x 20
3x 4
2x 5
x x x x
x x x x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
x
x
x
x
x
12. A 2 bh
1
2 (2x 3)(3x 1)
1
2 [ (2x)(3x) (2x)(1) 3(3x) 3(1) ]

1
2 [6x2 2x 9x 3) ]
1
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
2 [6x2 7x 3]
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Pages 455457
or 3x2 2 x 2
Practice and Apply
13. (b 8)(b 2)
(b)(b) (b)(2) (8) (b) (8)(2)
b2 2b 8b 16
b2 10b 16
14. (n 6)(n 7)
(n)(n) (n)(7) (6)(n) (6) (7)
n2 7n 6n 42
n2 13n 42
15. (x 4)(x 9)
(x)(x) (x)(9) (4)(x) (4)(9)
x2 9x 4x 36
x2 13x 36
16. (a 3)(a 5)
(a)(a) (a)(5) (3)(a) (3)(5)

4. ( y 4) ( y 3)
( y) ( y) ( y)(3) (4)( y) (4)(3)
y2 3y 4y 12
y2 7y 12
5. (x 2) (x 6)
(x) (x) (x)(6) (2)(x) (2)(6)
x2 6x 2x 12
x2 4x 12
6. (a 8) (a 5)
(a) (a) (a)(5) (8)(a) (8)(5)
a2 5a 8a 40
a2 3a 40
7. (4h 5) (h 7)
(4h) (h) (4h)(7) (5)(h) 5(7)
4h2 28h 5h 35
4h2 33h 35
Chapter 8
6x2 7x 3
2
a2 5a 3a 15
a2 8a 15
17. (y 4)(y 8)
(y)(y) (y)(8) (4)(y) (4)(8)
y2 8y 4y 32
y2 4y 32
18. (p 2)(p 10)
(p)(p) (p)(10) (2)(p) (2)(10)
p2 10p 2p 20
p2 8p 20
19. (2w 5)(w 7)
(2w)(w) (2w)(7) (5)(w) (5)(7)
2w2 14w 5w 35
2w2 9w 35
388
20. (k 12) (3k 2)

(k)(3k) (k)(2) (12)(3k) (12)(2)
3k2 2k 36k 24
3k2 34k 24
21. (8d 3) (5d 2)
(8d)(5d) (8d)(2) (3)(5d) (3)(2)
40d2 16d 15d 6
40d2 31d 6
22. (4g 3) (9g 6)
(4g)(9g) (4g)(6) (3)(9g) (3)(6)
36g2 24g 27g 18
36g2 51g 18
23. (7x 4) (5x 1)
(7x)(5x) (7x)(1) (4)(5x) (4)(1)
35x2 7x 20x 4
35x2 27x 4
24. (6a 5)(3a 8)
(6a)(3a) (6a)(8) (5) (3a) (5)(8)
18a2 48a 15a 40
18a2 63a 40
25. (2n 3)(2n 3)
(2n)(2n) (2n)(3) (3)(2n) (3)(3)
4n2 6n 6n 9
4n2 12n 9
26. (5m 6) (5m 6)
33. (2x 5)(3x2 4x 1)

2x(3x2 4x 1) 5(3x2 4x 1)
6x3 8x2 2x 15x2 20x 5
6x3 23x2 22x 5
34. (3k 4) (7k2 2k 9)
3k(7k2 2k 9) 4(7k2 2k 9)
21k3 6k2 27k 28k2 8k 36
21k3 34k2 19k 36
35. 1n2 3n 221n2 5n 42
n2 (n2 5n 4) 3n(n2 5n 4)
21n2 5n 42
n4 5n3 4n2 3n3 15n2 12n 2n2
10n 8
n4 2n3 17n2 22n 8
36. (y2 7y 1)(y2 6y 5)
y2 (y2 6y 5) 7y(y2 6y 5)
1(y2 6y 5)
y4 6y3 5y2 7y3 42y2 35y y2
6y 5
y4 y3 38y2 41y 5
37. (4a2 3a 7) (2a2 a 8)
4a2 (2a2 a 8) 3a(2a2 a 8)
7(2a2 a 8)
8a4 4a3 32a2 6a3 3a2
24a 14a2 7a 56
8a4 2a3 15a2 31a 56
38. 16x2 5x 2213x2 2x 42
6x2 (3x2 2x 4) 5x(3x2 2x 4)
2(3x2 2x 4)
18x4 12x3 24x2 15x3 10x2 20x
6x2 4x 8
18x4 3x3 20x2 16x 8
39. A /w
1x 4212x 52
1x212x2 1x2152 412x2 4152
2x2 5x 8x 20
2x2 3x 20
The area is 2x2 3x 20 square units.
(5m) (5m) (5m) (6) (6) (5m) (6) (6)

25m2 30m 30m 3b
25m2 60m 36
27. (10r 4) (10r 4)

(10r)(10r) (10r)(4) (4)(10r) (4)(4)
100r2 40r 40r 16
100r2 16
28. (7t 5) (7t 5)
(7t)(7t) (7t)(5) (5) (7t) (5)(5)
49t2 35t 35t 25
49t2 25
29. (8x 2y)(5x 4y)
(8x)(5x) (8x)(4y) (2y)(5x) (2y)(4y)
40x2 32xy 10xy 8y2
40x2 22xy 8y2
30. (11a 6b) (2a 3b)
40. A 2bh
2 14x 3213x 22
1
2 3 14x213x2 14x2122 13213x2 132122 4
(11a) (2a) (11a) (3b) (6b) (2a) (6b) (3b)
22a2 33ab 12ab 18b2

22a2 21ab 18b2
2 312x2 8x 9x 64
1
31. ( p 4)( p2 2p 7)
p( p2 2p 7) 4(p2 2p 7)
2 [12x2 17x 6]
6x2
p3 2p2 7p 4p2 8p 28
p3 6p2 p 28
17
x
2
The area is
3
6x2
17
x
2
3 square units.
32. (a 3)(a 8a 5)
a(a2 8a 5) 3(a2 8a 5)
a3 8a2 5a 3a2 24a 15
a311a2 29a 15
389
Chapter 8
50. A /w
(x 2)(x 4)
1x21x2 1x2142 1221x2 122142
x2 4x 2x 8
x2 2x 8
The area of the office is x2 2x 8 square feet.
51. Find the area of the square office.
A s2
92 or 81
Find the area of the new office.
A x2 2x 8
(9) 2 2(9) 8
81 18 8
91
The area of the new office is 91 81 or 10 square
feet bigger.
52a. Sample answer:
(30 5)(10 9)
13021102 30192 51102 5192
300 270 50 45
665
52b. Sample answer:
(60 7)(100 2)
6011002 60122 711002 7122
6000 120 700 14
6834
52c. Sample answer:
41. A 2h(b1 b2 )
1
2 (5x 8) [ (x 7) (2x 1) ]
1
2 (5x 8) (3x 6)
2 3 15x213x2 15x2162 182 13x2 182 162 4

1
2 3 15x2 30x 24x 484

1
2 3 15x2 6x 484
1
15 2
x
2
3x 24
The area is
15 2
x
2
3x 24 square units.
42. A r
13x 42 2
13x 42 13x 42
3 13x2 13x2 13x2 142 14213x2 142 142 4
39x2 12x 12x 16 4
19x2 24x 162
The area is (9x2 24x 16) square units.
43. V Bh
3 12a 22 1a 52 4 1a 12
3 12a21a2 12a2152 1221a2 122152 4 1a 12
32a2 10a 2a 104 1a 12
12a2 8a 1021a 12
a12a2 8a 102 112a2 8a 102
2a3 8a2 10a 2a2 8a 10
2a3 10a2 2a 10
The volume is 2a3 10a2 2a 10 cubic units.
44. V Bh
3 13y2 13y212y2 162 4 17y 32
19y2 12y217y 32
19y2 2 17y2 19y2 2132 112y2 17y2 112y2132
63y3 27y2 84y2 36y
63y3 57y2 36y
The volume is 63y3 57y2 36y cubic units.
45. Since a is the first integer, the second and third
integers are a 1 and a 2.
a(a 1) (a 2)
a [ (a) (a) (a)(2) (1) (a) (1) (2) ]
a [ a2 2a a 2]
a [a2 3a 2]
a3 3a2 2a
46. Sample answer: a 1; 1(2)(3) 6
47. Sample answer: 6; the result is the same as the
product in Exercise 46.
a3 3a2 2a 13 3(1) 2 2(1)
132
6
48. A /w
(5y 6) (2y 10)
(5y) (2y) (5y)(10) (6)(2y) (6)(10)
10y2 50y 12y 60
10y2 38y 60
The area is 10y2 38y 60 square feet.
49. Let x represent the length of a side of the square
office. Then the new office has dimensions x 2
and x 4.
Chapter 8
18 12 216 34 2
3
1
1 3
8(6) 8 1 4 2 2 (6) 2 1 4 2
3
48 6 3 8
3
578
52d. Sample answer:
112 35 2110 23 2
121102 12
123 2 35 1102 35 123 2

2
120 8 6 5
2
1345
53. Outer length: w 10 outer width: w 6
Area of concrete
total area area of pool.
(w 10)(w 6) w(w 4)
1w21w2 1w2162 11021w2 1102162
w(w) w(4)
w2 6w 10w 60 w2 4w
12w 60
The area of the concrete is 300 square feet. Find w.
12w 60 300
12w 240
w 20
The pool should be 20 ft by 24 ft.
54. Sometimes; the product of x 1 and x2 2x 3
is x3 3x2 5x 3, which has 4 terms; the
product of y 1 and x3 2x2 3x is x3y 2x2y
3xy x3 2x2 3x, which has 6 terms.
390
f(x) 2x 5
f(4) 2(4) 5
8 5
13
67.
g1x2 x2 3x
g122 7 3 122 2 3122 4 7
14 62 7
5
v
at
69.
68.
f(x) 2x 5
v
f(a 3) 2(a 3) 5
(t)a (t) t
2a 6 5
at v
2a 1
at
v
a
a
55. Multiplying binomials and two-digit numbers each

involve the use of the Distributive Property twice.
Each procedure involves four multiplications and
the addition of like terms. Answers should include
the following.
24 36 (4 20) (6 30)
(4 20)6 (4 20)30
(24 120) (120 600)
144 720
864
The like terms in vertical two-digit
multiplication are digits with the same place
value.
56. C; (x 2)(x 4) (x 4)(x 2)
66.
ta
[ (x) (x) (x) (4) (2) (x) (2) (4) ] [ (x) (x)
(x) (2) (4) (x) (4)(2) ]

[x2 4x 2x 8][x2 2x 4x 8]
[ x2 2x 8][x2 2x 8 ]
[x2 2x 8] [x2 2x 8]
4x
70.
by
b
y
57. B; (x y)(x2 xy y2 )
x(x2 xy y2 ) y(x2 xy y2 )
x3 x2y xy2 x2y xy2 y3
x3 y3
Page 457
ax by 2cz
ax by ax 2cz ax
by 2cz ax
y
71.
4x 3y 7
4x 3y 4x 7 4x
3y 4x 7
3y
3
y
58. 3d(4d2 8d 15)

(3d)(4d2 ) (3d)(8d) (3d)(15)
12d3 24d2 45d
72.
2cz ax
b
2cz ax
b
ax 2cz
b
(6a) 2
4x 7
3
4
7
x
3
3
62

a2
2
36a
73. (7x) 2 72 x2
49x2
74. (9b) 2 92 b2
81b2
59. 4y(7y2 4y 3)
(4y)(7y2 ) (4y)(4y) (4y)(3)
28y3 16y2 12y
75. (4y2 ) 2 42 (y2 ) 2

16y4
76. 12v3 2 2 22 1v3 2 2

4v6
2 (5m2
7m 8)
60. 2m
(2m2 )(5m2 ) (2m2 )(7m) (2m2 )(8)
10m4 14m3 16m2
61. 3x(2x 4) 6(5x2 2x 7)
6x2 12x 30x2 12x 42
36x2 42
62. 4a(5a2 2a 7) 3(2a2 6a 9)
20a3 8a2 28a 6a2 18a 27
20a3 2a2 10a 27
63. The measure of the third angle is 180 minus the
measures of the other two angles.
180 (2x 1) (5x 2)
180 (2x 1) (5x 2)
181 7x
The measure of the third angle is (181 7x).
64. 1st angle 2x 1
2(15) 1 or 31
2nd angle 5x 2
5(15) 2 or 73
3rd angle 181 7x
181 7(15) or 76
The angles measure 31, 73, and 76.
65. The lines intersect at the point (6, 3). Thus, the
system has one solution, (6, 3).
8-8
Page 461
77. 13g4 2 2 32 1g4 2 2

9g8
Special Products
1. The patterns are the same except for their middle

terms. The middle terms have different signs.
2. The square of a difference is (a b)2, which
equals a2 2ab b2. The difference of squares is
the product of a b and a b or a2 b2.
3.
x3
x
x3
x
x
x
x x x
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

(x 1)(x 1) x2 12
x2 1
391
Chapter 8
5. 1a 62 2 a2 21a2 162 62
a2 12a 36
6. 14n 3214n 32 14n 32 2
(4n) 2 2(4n)(3) 32
16n2 24n 9
7. (8x 5) (8x 5) (8x) 2 52
64x2 25
8. (3a 7b) (3a 7b) (3a) 2 (7b) 2
9a2 49b2
2
2
2
2
9. (x 6y) (x ) 2(x2 )(6y) (6y) 2
x4 12x2y 36y2
10. (9 p) 2 92 2(9)(p) p2
81 18p p2
11. The genetic makeup of the purebred golden can
be modeled by 1.0 G. The genetic makeup of the
purebred cinnamon can be modeled by 1.0 g.
Their offspring can be modeled by the product of
1.0 G and 1.0 g or 1.0 Gg.
12. 0%; All pups will be golden since only Gg
combinations are possible and the golden gene G
is dominant.
27. (2x 9y) 2 (2x) 2 2(2x)(9y) (9y) 2

4x2 36xy 81y2
2
28. 13n 10p2 13n2 2 213n2110p2 110p2 2
9n2 60np 100p2
29. 15w 14215w 142 15w2 2 142
25w2 196
30. (4d 13)(4d 13) (4d) 2 132
16d2 169
3
2
3
2
31. 1x 4y2 1x 2 21x3 214y2 14y2 2
x6 8x3y 16y2
2
2
2
32. 13a b 2 13a2 2 2 213a2 21b2 2 1b2 2 2
9a4 6a2b2 b4
2
3
33. 18a 9b 218a2 9b3 2 18a2 2 2 19b3 2 2
64a4 81b6
4
4
34. (5x y)(5x y) (5x4 ) 2 y2
25x8 y2
35.
123x 622 123x22 2123x2 162 62

4
9x2 8x 36
36.
145x 1022 145x22 2145x2 1102 102

16
25x2 16x 100
Page 462
37. (2n 1)(2n 1)(n 5)

[ (2n) 2 12 ] (n 5)
(4n2 1)(n 5)
(4n2 ) (n) (4n2 )(5) (1) (n) (1)(5)
4n3 20n2 n 5
38. ( p 3)( p 4)( p 3)( p 4)
[ ( p 3)( p 3) ] [ ( p 4) ( p 4) ]
[p2 32 ] [p2 42 ]
[p2 9] [ p2 16]
(p2 )(p2 ) (p2 )(16) (9)(p2 ) (9) (16)
p4 16p2 9p2 144
p4 25p2 144
39. Since Pams genes are Bb, her makeup can be
modeled by 0.5 B 0.5 b. Since Bob has blue
eyes, his genes are bb and can be modeled by
1.0 b. Their childrens genes can be modeled by
the product of 0.5 B 0.5 b and 1.0 b.
Practice and Apply
13. 1y 42 2 y2 21y2142 42
y2 8y 16
14. 1k 821k 82 1k 82 2
k2 21k2 182 82
k2 16k 64
15. 1a 52 1a 52 1a 52 2
a2 21a2 152 52
a2 10a 25
2
2
16. 1n 122 n 21n2 1122 122
n2 24n 144
17. 1b 721b 72 b2 72
b2 49
18. (c 2) (c 2) c2 22
c2 4
2
19. 12g 52 12g2 2 212g2152 52
4g2 20g 25
20. 19x 32 2 19x2 2 219x2 132 32
81x2 54x 9
(0.5 B 0.5 b) (1.0 b) (0.5 B) (1.0 b) (0.5 b) (1.0 b)

0.5 Bb 0.5 bb
40. Since only bb will be blue eyes, we see that 0.5 or

1
of their children should have blue eyes. The
2
1
probability is 2.
41. Sample answer:
We pick 2.
Square the number: 22 4
Add twice the original: 4 2(2) 8
Add 1: 8 1 9
Take square root: 19 3
Subtract original number: 3 2 1
Yes, the result is 1.
42. Square the number: a2
Add twice the original: a2 2a
Add 1: a2 2a 1
21. 17 4y2 2 72 2172 14y2 14y2 2

49 56y 16y2
22. 14 6h2 2 42 214216h2 16h2 2
16 48h 36h2
23. (11r 8) (11r 8) (11r) 2 (8) 2
121r2 64
24. (12p 3) (12p 3) (12p) 2 32
144p2 9
25. 1a 5b2 2 a2 21a2 15b2 15b2 2
a2 10ab 25b2
2
26. 1m 7n2 m2 21m2 17n2 17n2 2
m2 14mn 49n2
Chapter 8
392
Sample answer: (10x 11)(10x 11)

(10x 11)(10x 11)
(10x 11) 2
(10x) 2 2(10x) (11) 112
100x2 220x 121
49. C; (a b) 2 a2 2ab b2
(a2 b2 ) 2(ab)
40 2(12)
40 24
16
50. B; Since (x y)(x y) x2 y2, we have
x2 y2 (x y)(x y)
(10)(20)
200.
51a. (a b)(a b) (a b)
(a b)(a2 2ab b2 ) b(a2 2ab b2 )
a(a2 2ab b2 ) b(a2 2ab2 b2 )
a3 2a2b ab2 ba2 2ab2 b3
a3 3a2b 3ab2 b3
51b. (a b) 3 a3 3a2b 3ab2 b3
(x 2) 3 x3 3x2 (2) 3x(2) 2 23
x3 6x2 12x 8
51c.
43. (a 1) 2 a2 2(a)(1) 12
a2 2a 1
2 2a 1 is the square of a 1.
Thus, a
44. Take square root: 21a 12 2 a 1
Subtract original number: (a 1) a 1
The result is 1.
45. Since each seating level is about 1 meter wide,
the second and third levels have radii s 2 and
s 3 meters, respectively.
46. A (s 3) 2 (s 2) 2
1s2 2132 1s2 32 2 1s2 21221s2 22 2
(s2 6s 9) (s2 4s 4)
1s2 6s 9 s2 4s 42
12s 52
6.3s 15.7
The area is about 6.3s 15.7 square meters.
1
47. Area of a trapezoid 2 (height) (base 1 base 2)

A1
A2
1
1a
2
1
1a
2
b2 1a b2
b2 1a b2
a
ab
a
b
b
b
b
a
ab
3 12 1a b2 1a b2 4 3 12 1a b21a b2 4
Total area of shaded region

1a b2 1a b2
a
ab
Page 463
ab
ab
a
ab
20y2 29y 6
55. (3n 5)(8n 5)
3n(8n) 3n(5) (5)(8n) (5) (5)
24n2 15n 40n 25
24n2 25n 25
Area of rectangle (a b)(a b)

a
A1
ab
a
b
52. 1x 221x 72 1x21x2 1x2172 1221x2 122172

x2 7x 2x 14
x2 9x 14
53. 1c 921c 32 1c21c2 1c2132 1921c2 192132
c2 3c 9c 27
c2 6c 27
54. (4y 1)(5y 6)
(4y)(5y) (4y)(6) (1)(5y) (1) (6)
20y2 24y 5y 6
A2
56. (x 2)(3x2 5x 4)
x(3x2 5x 4) 2(3x2 5x 4)
3x3 5x2 4x 6x2 10x 8
3x3 11x2 14x 8
b
ab
48. The product of two binomials is also a binomial

when the two binomials are the sum and the
difference of the same two terms. Answers should
Sample answer: 12x 132 12x 132
12x 13212x 132 12x2 2 132
4x2 169
57. (2k 5) (2k2 8k 7)

2k(2k2 8k 7) 5(2k2 8k 7)
4k3 16k2 14k 10k2 40k 35
4k3 6k2 26k 35
393
Chapter 8
58. 6(x 2) 4 5(3x 4)

6x 12 4 15x 20
6x 16 15x 20
9x 16 20
9x 36
x4
59. 3(3a 8) 2a 4(2a 1)
9a 24 2a 8a 4
7a 24 8a 4
15a 24 4
15a 20
20
4
a 15 or 3
Find y.
2x 3y 4
2152 3y 4
10 3y 4
3y 6
y 2
65. Solve for y.
5x 5y 35
5y 5x 35
y x 7
The slope of the given line is 1. The slope of any
line perpendicular to it is 1.
y y1 m1x x1 2
60. p( p 2) 3p p( p 3)
p2 2p 3p p2 3p
p2 5p p2 3p
5p 3p
8p 0
p0
61. y(y 4) 2y y(y 12) 7
y2 4y 2y y2 12y 7
y2 2y y2 12y 7
2y 12y 7
14y 7
y
7
14
or
y 2 11x 1322
y2x3
yx5
66. Solve for y.
2x 5y 3
5y 2x 3
2

5
1
2
y y1 m1x x1 2
5
y 7 2 (x (2))
62. Add the equations.

3
x
4
3
x
4
6
x
4
1
y
5
1
y
5
y 5x 5
5
5
y 7 2 (x 2)
0
y 7 2 x 5
x0
Find y.
y 2 x 2
3
x
4
3
102
4

1
y
5
1
y
5
1
y
5
5
5
67. Solve for y.

5x y 2
y 5x 2
1
line perpendicular to it is 5. The y-intercept is 6.
y mx b
5
5
5
y 25
63. Multiply the first equation by 3. Then add.
6x 3y 30
5x 3y 3
11x
33
x3
Find y.
2x y 10
2132 y 10
6 y 10
y 4
y 4
64. Rewrite the equations.
2x 3y 4
x 3y 11
Multiply the second equation by 1. Then add.
2x 3y 4
x 3y 11
3x
15
x5
Chapter 8
y 5x 6
68. a a 1n 12d
n
1
a18 3 118 12142
3 17142
3 68
71
69. a a (n 1)d
n
1
a 5 112 12162
12
5 1112162
5 66
61
70. b
394

Page 464
1.
3.
5.
7.
9.
25.
16a3b2x4y
48a4bxy3
2.
4.
6.
8.
10.
26.
5 8
(a) b
a5b2

Pages 464468
3
11. y y y y
y7
12. (3ab) (4a2b3 ) [ 3 (4) ] (a a2 )(b b3 )
12a3b4
2
3
4
13. (4a x)(5a x ) [ (4) (5) ] (a2 a3 )(x x4 )
20a5x5
2
3
3
2
3
14. (4a b) 4 (a ) b3
64a6b3
2
15. 13xy2 14x2 3 132 2x2y2 142 3x 3
9 x2 y2 64 x3
(9 64) (x2 x3 )(y2 )
576x5y2
2
4
16. 12c d2 13c2 2 3 122 4 1c2 2 4d4 132 3 1c2 2 3
16c8d4 1272c6
[16 (27) ] (c8 c6 )(d4 )
432c14d4
27.
13bc
4d 2
2 3
28.
(3bc )
(4d) 3
(3) 3b3 (c2 ) 3

(4) 3 (d) 3
36.
23.
27b2
14b3
z3
x2

27b3c6
64d3
27 b 2
14 b3
27 2132
1b
2
14
1 21 2
14 1b2
27

24.
(3a3bc2 ) 2
18a2b3c4

42 (a1 ) 2
22 (a4 ) 2
42a2
4a8
144 21aa 2
2
2
6
141 21a1 2
3
1
64a6
135x5xy y 20 1
2
29. 2.4 105 240,000
2 6
8.4 106
1.4 109
10
18.4
1.4 21 10 2
6
9
6 10 6192
6 103
or 6000
37. (3 102 )(5.6 10 8 ) (3 5.6)(102 10 8 )
16.8 10 6
1.68 10 10 6
1.68 10 5
or 0.0000168
38. The polynomial n 2p2 has two terms, n and
2p2, whose degrees are 1 and 2, respectively.
Thus, the degree of n 2p2 is 2, the greater of
1 and 2.
39. The polynomial 29n2 17n2t2 has two terms,
29n2 and 17n2t2, whose degrees are 2 and 4,
respectively. Thus, the degree of 29n2 17n2t2 is

1
z3
22. x 2y0z3 x2 1 1
3.14 10 4 0.000314
4.88 109 4,880,000,000
0.00000187 1.87 10 6
796 103 7.96 102 103
7.96 105
34. 0.0343 102 3.43 102 102
3.43 10 4
5
35. 12 10 213 106 2 12 321105 106 2
6 1011
or 600,000,000,000
30.
31.
32.
33.
2 3
(4a1 ) 2
(2a4 ) 2
18. 15a2 2 3 71a6 2 152 3 1a2 2 3 7a6

125a6 7a6
132a6
2
2
3
4
3
19. 3 13 2 4 33 4
312 or 531,441
21.
1 21 21 21 2
1 21 2
bx3
3ay2

4 3a 6
6a
(4 21 )(a28 )
2m4n8
13y2 0
6a
a5b8
a5b2
a5 b8
a5 b2
17. 2 1m2n4 2 2 2 1m2 2 2 1n4 2 2
20.
(a55 )(b82 )
(a0 )(b6 )
(1) (b6 )
b6
331
Power of a Power
monomial
zero exponent
FOIL method
Product of Powers
a b x
y
116
48 21 a 21 b 21 x 21 y 2
1 34
1a
21b21 21x41 21y13 2
3
1 1 1 3 2
a b x y
3
1 1 b x3 1
3 a 1 1 y2
negative exponent
Quotient of Powers
trinomial
polynomial
binomial
27b
14
32 (a3 ) 2b2 (c2 ) 2

18a2b3c4
9a6b2c4
18a2b3c4
9 a6 b2 c4
18 a2 b3 c4
1
(a62 )(b23 )(c44 )
2
1 4 1 0
a b c
2
1 a4 1
(1)
2 1 b
a4
2b
1 21 21 21 2
1 21 2
395
Chapter 8
55. 2x (x y2 5) 5y2 (3x 2)

2x(x) 2x(y2 ) 2x(5) 5y2 (3x)
5y2 (2)
2x2 2xy2 10x 15xy2 10y2
2x2 17xy2 10x 10y2
56. m(2m 5) m 2m(m 6) 16
2m2 5m m 2m2 12m 16
2m2 4m 2m2 12m 16
4m 12m 16
8m 16
m2
57. 213w w2 2 6 2w1w 42 10
6w 2w2 6 2w2 8w 10
6w 6 8w 10
14w 6 10
14w 16
40. The polynomial 4xy 9x3z2 17rs3 has three

terms, 4xy, 9x3z2, and 17rs3, whose degrees are 2,
5, and 4, respectively. Thus, the degree of
4xy 9x3z2 17rs3 is 5, the greatest of 2, 5, and 4.
41. The polynomial 6x5y 2y4 4 8y2 has four
terms, 6x5y, 2y4, 4, and 8y2, whose degrees
are 6, 4, 0, and 2, respectively. Thus, the degree of
6x5y 2y4 4 8y2 is 6, the greatest of 6, 4, 0,
and 2.
42. The polynomial 3ab3 5a2b2 4ab has three
terms, 3ab3, 5a2b2, and 4ab, whose degrees are
4, 4, and 2, respectively. Thus, the degree of
3ab3 5a2b2 4ab is 4, the greatest of 4, 4, and 2.
43. The polynomial 19m3n4 21m5n has two terms,
19m3n4 and 21m5n, whose degrees are 7 and 6,
respectively. Thus, the degree of 19m3n4 21m5n
is 7, the greater of 7 and 6.
44. 3x4 x x2 5 3x4 x1 x2 5x0
3x4 x2 x 5
2
3
45. 2x y 27 4x4 xy 5x3y2
2x2y3 27x0 4x4 x1y 5x3y2
4x4 5x3y2 2x2y3 xy 27
46. (2x2 5x 7) (3x3 x2 2)
12x2 5x 72 13x3 x2 22
3x3 12x2 x2 2 5x 17 22
3x3 x2 5x 5
2
47. (x 6xy 7y2 ) (3x2 xy y2 )
1x2 3x2 2 16xy xy2 17y2 y2 2
4x2 5xy 6y2
48. (7z2 4) (3z2 2z 6)
17z2 42 13z2 2z 62
(7z2 3z2 ) 2z (4 6)
4z2 2z 10
49. (13m4 7m 10) (8m4 3m 9)
113m4 8m4 2 17m 3m2 110 92
21m4 10m 1
50. (11m2n2 4mn 6) (5m2n2 6mn 17)
(11m2n2 5m2n2 ) (4mn 6mn)
(6 17)
16m2n2 10mn 11
51. 15p2 3p 492 12p2 5p 242
15p2 3p 492 12p2 5p 242
15p2 2p2 2 13p 5p2 149 242
7p2 2p 25
52. b(4b 1) 10b
b(4b) b(1) 10b
4b2 b 10b
4b2 9b
53. x13x 52 71x2 2x 92
x13x2 x152 71x2 2 712x2 7192
3x2 5x 7x2 14x 63
10x2 19x 63
54. 8y(11y2 2y 13) 9(3y3 7y 2)
8y(11y2 ) 8y(2y) 8y(13) 9(3y3 )
917y2 9122
88y3 16y2 104y 27y3 63y 18
61y3 16y2 167y 18
Chapter 8
16
w 14 or 7 or 17
58. 1r 321r 72 1r21r2 1r2172 1321r2 132172

r2 7r 3r 21
r2 4r 21
59. (4a 3)(a 4)
(4a)(a) (4a)(4) (3) (a) (3)(4)
4a2 16a 3a 12
4a2 13a 12
60. (3x 0.25) (6x 0.5)
(3x) (6x) (3x) (0.5) 0.25(6x) (0.25) (0.5)
18x2 1.5x 1.5x 0.125
18x2 0.125
61. (5r 7s)(4r 3s)

(5r)(4r) (5r)(3s) (7s)(4r) (7s) (3s)
20r2 15rs 28rs 21s2
20r2 13rs 21s2
62. (2k 1) (k2 7k 9)
2k(k2 7k 9) 1(k2 7k 9)
2k3 14k2 18k k2 7k 9
2k3 15k2 11k 9
63. (4p 3)(3p2 p 2)
4p(3p2 p 2) 3(3p2 p 2)
12p3 4p2 8p 9p2 3p 6
12p3 13p2 11p 6
64. 1x 621x 62 x2 62
x2 36
2
65. 14x 72 14x2 2 214x2172 72
16x2 56x 49
2
66. 18x 52 18x2 2 218x2152 52
64x2 80x 25
67. 15x 3y215x 3y2 15x2 2 13y2 2
25x2 9y2
2
2
68. (6a 5b) (6a) 2(6a) (5b) (5b) 2
36a2 60ab 25b2
2
69. (3m 4n) (3m) 2 2(3m) (4n) (4n) 2
9m2 24mn 16n2
396
16. 13 103 212 104 2 13 221103 104 2

6 107
or 60,000,000

Page 469
1. (42 ) (43 ) (4 4)(4 4 4)
44444
45 and 165 45.
2.
1
5
17.
51
5. (12abc)(4a2b4 ) (12 4)(a a2 )(b b4 )c

48a3b5c
135m22 135 22m2
7. 13a2 4 1a5b2 2 132 4 1a2 4 1a5 2 2 1b2 2

81a4 a10 b2
81(a4 a10 )b2
81a14b2
1 21 2
1m1 21n1 2
2
n2
m2
9a2bc2
63a4bc
1639 21aa 21bb 21cc 2

1
1 7 2 (a24 )(b11 )(c21 )
2
11.
48a2bc5
(3ab3c2 ) 2
117 21a1 2 (1) 11c 2

2

9
5
23. (x3 3x2y 4xy2 y3 ) (7x3 x2y

9xy2 y3 )
(x3 3x2y 4xy2 y3 ) (7x3 x2y
9xy2 y3 )
(x3 7x3 ) (3x2y x2y) (4xy2 9xy2 )
(y3 y3 )
6x3 4x2y 13xy2
24. To find the measure of the third side, subtract the
measures of the two sides given from the
perimeter.
(11x2 29x 10) (x2 7x 9)
(5x2 13x 24)
(11x2 29x 10) (x2 7x 9)
(5x2 13x 24)
(11x2 x2 5x2 ) (29x 7x 13x)
(10 9 24)
5x2 23x 23
25. 1h 52 2 h2 21h2152 52
h2 10h 25
c
7a2
10
12.85
1.86 21 10 2
22. 15a 3a2 7a3 2 12a 8a2 42

17a3 2 13a2 8a2 2 15a 2a2 4
7a3 5a2 7a 4
5xy 7 2y4 x2y3

5xy1 7y0 2y4 x2y3
2y4 x2y3 5xy 7
7 a 2b0c
2y2 8y4 9y 2y2 8y4 9y1

8y4 2y2 9y
21. The polynomial 5xy 7 2y4 x2y3 has four
terms, 5xy, 7, 2y4, and x2y3, whose degrees are
2, 0, 4, and 5, respectively. Thus, the degree of
5xy 7 2y4 x2y3 is 5, the greatest of 2, 0, 4,
and 5.
m n4
m3 n2
(m13 )(n42 )
m 2n2
10.
3
4(3)
(1.53)(109 5 )
1.53 104
It will take about 1.53 104 seconds or 4.25
hours.
20. The polynomial 2y2 8y4 9y has three terms,
2y2, 8y4, and 9y, whose degrees are 2, 4, and 1,
respectively. Thus, the degree of 2y2 8y4 9y is
4, the greatest of 2, 4, and 1.
8. (5a2 ) (6b3 ) 2 (5)(a2 )(6) 2 (b3 ) 2

(5)(a2 )(36)(b6 )
(5 36) (a2 )(b6 )
180a2b6
2.85 109
1.86 105
4
19. To find the time, divide the distance by the rate

d
tr .
25m2
9.
10
114.72
3.2 21 10 2
18. 115 10 7 213.1 104 2 115 3.12110 7 104 2

46.5 10 3
4.65 10 10 3
4.65 10 2
or 0.0465
4. (a2b4 ) (a3b5 ) (a2 a3 )(b4 b5 )

a5b9
mn4
m3n2
(4.6)(10
4.6 10 1
or 0.46
3. Sample answer: A monomial is a number, variable,

or product of numbers and variables; 6x2.
6.
14.72 10 4
3.2 10 3
48a2bc5
(3) 2 (a) 2 (b3 ) 2 (c2 ) 2
48a2bc5
9a2b6c4
48 a2 b c5
9 a2 b6 c4
16 22 16 54
a
b
c
3
16 0 5
a b c
3
16
1 c
(1) b5 1
3
16c
3b5
1 21 21 21 2
1 2 1 21 2
12. 46,300 4.63 104

13. 0.003892 3.892 10 3
14. 284 103 2.84 102 103
2.84 105
9
15. 52.8 10
5.28 10 10 9
5.28 10 8
397
Chapter 8
26. (4x y) (4x y) (4x) 2 y2

16x2 y2
6. A; The cost of 4 sets of table and chairs plus the

cost of b bookcases must be less than or equal to
$7500.
415502 125b 7500
7. B; Let s amount Sophia spent,
and a amount Allie spent.
Write a system of equations.
s a 122
s 2a 25
Solve the system by substitution.
2a 25 a 122
3a 25 122
3a 147
a 49
Allie spent $49.
8. D; (2x3 )(4x4 ) (2 4)(x3 x4 )
8x7
9. B; 0.00037 3.7 104
10. A; 13x2 4x 52 1x2 2x 12
13x2 4x 52 1x2 2x 12
13x2 1x2 22 14x 2x2 15 1122
2x2 2x 4
11. a a (n 1)d
n
1
a15 20 (15 1)(9)
20 (14)(9)
20 126
106
12. Each y-value is 4 times the corresponding
x-value.
f (x) 4x or y 4x
13. To find the y-intercept, let x 0.
3x 2y 8 0
3(0) 2y 8 0
2y 8 0
2y 8
y4
14. Graph 3x y 2. Since the boundary is included
in the solution set, draw a solid line.
Test (0, 0).
3x y 2
3(0) 0 2
0 2 true
Shade the half-plane that contains (0, 0).
27. 3x2y3 (2x xy2 ) 3x2y3 (2x) 3x2y3 (xy2 )

6x3y3 3x3y5
28. 12a2b b2 2 2 12a2b2 2 212a2b2 1b2 2 1b2 2 2
4a4b2 4a2b3 b4
29. (4m 3n)(2m 5n)
(4m)(2m) (4m) (5n) (3n) (2m) (3n) (5n)

8m2 20mn 6mn 15n2
8m2 14mn 15n2
30. (2c 5) (3c2 4c 2)

2c(3c2 4c 2) 5(3c2 4c 2)
6c3 8c2 4c 15c2 20c 10
6c3 7c2 16c 10
31. 2x (x 3) 2(x2 7) 2
2x2 6x 2x2 14 2
2x2 6x 2x2 12
6x 12
x2
32. 3a1a2 52 11 a13a2 42
3a3 15a 11 3a3 4a
15a 11 4a
11a 11 0
11a 11
a1
33. C; 31x y2 2 31x2 2xy y2 2
3182
24

Pages 470471
1. A; Mean of first 5 games: 72
Median of first 5 games: 70
Mode of first 5 games: 70
Mean of 6 games: 65
Median of 6 games: 70
Mode of 6 games: 70
Mean changes the most.
2. D;
2100
60
5600
x
3. D; r
20,750 20,542
4
2100x 336,000
x 160
4. A; From the graph, we see that the y-intercept is
1
1 and the slope is 5. Thus, the equation is
1
y 5x 1.
3x y 2
5. B; Find the y-intercept.

y mx b
4 2112 b
42b
2b
Write the equation.
y mx b
y 2x 2
Chapter 8
15. P Q
(3x2 2x 1) (x2 2x 2)
(3x2 (x2 )) (2x 2x) (1 (2))
2x2 3
398
24a. A /w
(3m 3)(m 1)
(3m)(m) (3m)(1) (3)(m) (3) (1)
3m2 3m 3m 3
3m2 3
24b. A /w
(3m 3)(m 4)
(3m)(m) (3m)(4) (3)(m) (3) (4)
3m2 12m 3m 12
3m2 9m 12
24c. V /wh
(3m 3)(m 1) (m 4)
[ (3m)(m) (3m)(1) (3)m
(3)(1) ] (m 4)
(3m2 3m 3m 3)(m 4)
(3m2 3)(m 4)
16. (x2 1)(x 3)

(x2 )(x) (x2 ) (3) (1)(x) (1) (3)
x3 3x2 x 3
17. A; The x-coordinate of A is 6. The y-coordinate of
B is 5.
The quantity in column A is greater.
6(x 1)
3
18. A; 4x 10 20
8
4x 30
6(x 1) 24
x
30
4
The quantity in
19. B; x 3y 2
x 3y 0
2x
2
x1
The quantity in
20. C;
2b3c2
4bc
15
2
6x 6 24
6x 18
x 3
column A is greater.
3x 8y 6
x 8y 2
4x
8
x2
column B is greater.
or
124 21bb 21cc 2

1
1 2 2 (b31 )(c21 )
3
1
2 b4c
(3m 2 ) (m ) (3m 2 ) (4) (3) (m ) (3) (4)
3m3 12m2 3m 12
24d. V 3m3 12m2 3m 12
3(2) 3 12(2) 2 3(2) 12
3(8) 12(4) 6 12
24 48 18
54
10b4
20b8c1
11020 21bb 21c1 2

1
1 2 2 (b48 )c
4
8
1
1
2 b4c

21. A; 5.01 102
50.1 104
0.0501
0.00501
The quantity in column A is greater.
22. C; The degree of
The degree of
x2 5 6x 13x3 10 y 2y2 4y3
is 3.
is 3.
23. B; (m n) 2 m2 2mn n2
(m2 n2 ) 2(mn)
10 2(6)
10 12
2
(m n) 2 m2 2mn n2
(m2 n2 ) 2(mn)
10 2(3)
10 6
16
The quantity in column B is greater.
399
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Page 473
Factoring
3. Sample answer: 5x2 and 10x3
5x2 5 x x
10x3 2 5 x x x
GCF: 5 x x or 5x2
4. List all pairs of numbers whose product is 8.
18
24
factors: 1, 2, 4, 8
composite
1 17
factors: 1, 17
prime
2 56
4 28
1 112
7 16
8 14
factors: 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 14, 16, 28, 56, 112
composite
7. 45 3 15
Getting Started
1. 3(4 x) 3 4 3 x
12 3x
2. a(a 5) a a a 5
a2 5a
2
3. 7(n 3n 1) 7(n2 ) (7)(3n) (7)(1)
7n2 21n 7
4. 6y(3y 5y2 y3 ) 6y(3y) 6y(5y2 ) 6y(y3 )
18y2 30y3 6y4
5. (x 4) (x 7) (x)(x) (x)(7) (4)(x) (4)(7)
x2 7x 4x 28
x2 11x 28
6. (3n 4)(n 5)
(3n)(n) (3n)(5) (4)(n) (4)(5)
3n2 15n 4n 20
3n2 11n 20
7. (6a 2b)(9a b)
(6a)(9a) (6a)(b) (2b)(9a) (2b)(b)
54a2 6ab 18ab 2b2
54a2 12ab 2b2
8. (x 8y)(2x 12y)
8.
(x)(2x) (x) (12y) (8y) (2x) (8y) (12y)

2x2 12xy 16xy 96y2
2x2 4xy 96y2
9.
9. (a b) 2 a2 2ab b2
(y 9) 2 y2 2(y) (9) 92
y2 18y 81
10. (a b) 2 a2 2ab b2
(3a 2) 2 (3a) 2 2(3a)(2) 22
9a2 12a 4
11. (a b) (a b) a2 b2
(n 5) (n 5) n2 52
n2 25
12.
(a b) (a b) a2 b2
(6p 7q) (6p 7q) (6p) 2(7q) 2
36p2 49q2
13. 1121 is the positive square root of 121.
112 121 S 1121 11
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
14. 10.0064 is the positive square root of 0.0064.

(0.08) 2 0.0064 S 10.0064 0.08
15.
16.
25
3 36 is the positive square root of
156 22 2536 S 3 2536 56
8
98
is the positive square root of
127 22 494 988 S 3 988 27
9-1
25
.
36
15.
8
98
or
4
.
49
Factors and Greatest Common

Factors
Page 477
16.
1. False; 2 is a prime number that is even.

2. Two numbers are relatively prime if their GCF is 1.
Chapter 9
400
3 3 5 or 32 5
32 1 32
1 2 16
1 2 2 8
1 2 2 2 4
1 2 2 2 2 2 or 1 25
150 1 150
1 2 75
1 2 3 25
1 2 3 5 5 or 1 2 3 52
2 22pp
4p
39b3c2 3 13 b b b c c
100x3yz2 1 100 x x x y z z
1 2 50 x x x y z z
1 2 2 25 x x x y z z
1 2 2 5 5 x x x y z z
Factor each monomial and circle the common
prime factors.
10 2 5
15 3 5
GCF: 5
prime factors.
18xy 2 3 3 x y
36y2 2 2 3 3 y y
GCF: 2 3 3 y or 18y
prime factors.
54 2 3 3 3
63 3 3 7
180 2 2 3 3 5
GCF: 3 3 or 9
prime factors.
25n 5 5 n
21m 3 7 m
GCF: 1
factors: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 14, 18, 21, 42, 63, 126

composite
2 152
4 76
1 304
16 19
8 38
factors: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 19, 38, 76, 152, 304
composite
28. List all pairs of whole numbers whose product is
96. These are the possible dimensions for the
rectangle. Find the perimeter of the rectangle
associated with each pair and identify the least
perimeter among them.
17. Factor each monomial and circle the common

prime factors.
12a2b 2 2 3 a a b
90a2b2c 2 3 3 5 a a b b c
GCF: 2 3 a a b or 6a2b
prime factors.
15r2 3 5 r r
35s2 5 7 s s
70rs 2 5 7 r s
GCF: 5
19. List all pairs of numbers whose product is 120
and both numbers are at least 5.
6 20
5 24
8 15 10 12
Since either number in each pair can be the
number of rows and the other number the
number of plants, Ashley can arrange the plants
in any of the following ways.
5 rows of 24 plants
6 rows of 20 plants
8 rows of 15 plants
10 rows of 12 plants
12 rows of 10 plants
15 rows of 8 plants
20 rows of 6 plants
24 rows of 5 plants
Pages 477479
A lw
96 96 1
96 48 2
96 32 3
96 24 4
96 16 6
96 12 8
The minimum perimeter is 40 mm.

29. Identify the greatest perimeter in the chart in
Exercise 28. The maximum perimeter is 194 mm.
30. Find the GCF of 18 and 24. Factor each number
and circle the common prime factors.
18 2 3 3
24 2 2 2 3
GCF: 2 3 or 6
Each cellophane package should contain
6 cookies.
31. Since 18 3 6 and 24 4 6, 3 cellophane
packages will go in each box of 18 cookies, and
4 cellophane packages will go in each box of
24 cookies.
32. 39 3 13
33. 98 1 98
1 2 49
1 2 7 7 or 1 2 72
34. 117 3 39
3 3 13 or 32 13
35. 102 2 51
2 3 17
36. 115 1 115
1 5 23
37. 180 2 90
2 2 45
2 2 3 15
2 2 3 3 5 or 22 32 5
38. 360 2 180
2 2 90
2 2 2 45
2 2 2 3 15
2 2 2 3 3 5 or 23 32 5
39. 462 1 462
1 2 231
1 2 3 77
1 2 3 7 11
Practice and Apply
20. List all pairs of numbers whose product

1 19
factors: 1, 19
prime
1 25
55
factors: 1, 5, 25
composite
2 40
4 20
1 80
8 10
5 16
factors: 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 16, 20, 40, 80
composite
1 61
factors: 1, 61
prime
1 91
7 13
factors: 1, 7, 13, 91
composite
1 119
7 17
factors: 1, 7, 17, 119
composite
2 63
3 42
1 126
7 18
9 14
6 21
2l 2w P
2(96) 2(1) 194
2(48) 2(2) 100
2(32) 2(3) 70
2(24) 2(4) 56
2(16) 2(6) 44
2(12) 2(8) 40
is 19.
is 25.
is 80.
is 61.
is 91.
is 119.
is 126.
401
Chapter 9
40. 66d4 2 33 d d d d
2 3 11 d d d d
2 2
41. 85x y 5 17 x x y y
42. 49a3b2 7 7 a a a b b
43. 50gh 2 25 g h
255gh
44. 128pq2 2 64 p q q
2 2 32 p q q
2 2 2 16 p q q
22228pqq
222224pqq
2222222pqq
45. 243n3m 3 81 n n n m
3 3 27 n n n m
3339nnnm
33333nnnm
46. 183xyz3 1 183 x y z z z
1 3 61 x y z z z
2bc2 1 169 a a b c c
47. 169a
1 13 13 a a b c c
prime factors.
27 3 3 3
72 2 2 2 3 3
GCF: 3 3 or 9
prime factors.
18 2 3 3
35 5 7
GCF: 1
prime factors.
32 2 2 2 2 2
48 2 2 2 2 3
GCF: 2 2 2 2 or 16
prime factors.
84 2 2 3 7
70 2 5 7
GCF: 2 7 or 14
prime factors.
16 2 2 2 2
20 2 2 5
64 2 2 2 2 2 2
GCF: 2 2 or 4
prime factors.
42 2 3 7
63 3 3 7
105 3 5 7
GCF: 3 7 or 21
prime factors.
15a 3 5 a
28b2 2 2 7 b b
GCF: 1
Chapter 9

prime factors.
24d2 2 2 2 3 d d
30c2d 2 3 5 c c d
GCF: 2 3 d or 6d
prime factors.
20gh 2 2 5 g h
36g2h2 2 2 3 3 g g h h
GCF: 2 2 g h or 4gh
prime factors.
21p2q 3 7 p p q
32r2t 2 2 2 2 2 r r t
GCF: 1
prime factors.
18x 2 3 3 x
30xy 2 3 5 x y
54y 2 3 3 3 y
GCF: 2 3 or 6
prime factors.
28a2 2 2 7 a a
63a3b2 3 3 7 a a a b b
91b3 7 13 b b b
GCF: 7
prime factors.
14m2n2 2 7 m m n n
18mn 2 3 3 m n
2m2n3 2 m m n n n
GCF: 2 m n or 2mn
prime factors.
80a2b 2 2 2 2 5 a a b
96a2b3 2 2 2 2 2 3 a a b
bb
128a2b2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 a a
b b
GCF: 2 2 2 2 a a b or 16a2b
62. The next five pairs of twin primes are: 5 and 7,
11 and 13, 17 and 19, 29 and 31, and 41 and 43.
63. Find the GCF of 75 and 90. Factor each number
and circle the common prime factors.
75 3 5 5
90 2 3 3 5
GCF: 3 5 or 15
The maximum number of rows is 15.
64. Since there is a total of 75 90 or 165 members
in 15 rows and 165 15 11, there will be
11 members in each row.
402
65. The next prime number after 2 is 3, so let p 3.

2p 1 23 1
81
7
Since 7 is prime, the second Mersenne prime is 7.
The next prime number after 3 is 5, so let p 5.
2p 1 25 1
32 1
31
Since 31 is prime, the third Mersenne prime is 31.
66. No; the first Mersenne prime is 3, so the formula
does not generate the first prime number, 2.
67. The area of the triangle is 20 sq cm.
70. D; List all pairs of numbers whose product is 120.

2 60
3 40
1 120
5 24
6 20
4 30
10 12
8 15
factors: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 24, 30, 40,
60, 120
Thus, it is true that 120 has at least eight factors.
Any number that has at least eight factors will
have at least four factorizations into two numbers.
71. A; Find the prime factorization of each number.
53 53
74 2 37
99 3 3 11
117 3 3 13
Thus, 53, 37, 11,
53
74
99
A 2bh
1
20 2bh
2(20) 2
1
bh
2
and
13. 53 has the greatest value.
117
40 bh
List all pairs of whole numbers whose product is
40. These are the possible dimensions for the
triangle.
2 20
1 40
58
4 10
Since either number in each pair can be the base
and the other number the height, the triangle can
have any of the following whole-number
dimensions.
base: 1 cm, height: 40 cm
68a. False; 6 is a factor of 3 4 or 12, but 6 is not a
factor of 3 or 4.
68b. True; since 6 is a factor of ab, the prime
factorization of ab must contain a factor of 3
since 3 is a factor of 6. Thus, 3 must be a factor
of either a or b.
68c. False; 6 is a factor of 3 1082 or 3246, but 3 is
not a factor of 1082.
69. Scientists listening to radio signals would suspect
that a modulated signal beginning with prime
numbers would indicate a message from an
extraterrestrial. Answer should include the
following.
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43,
47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 79, 83, 89, 97, 101, 103,
107, 109, 113; See students work.
Sample answer: It is unlikely that any natural
phenomenon would produce such an artificial
and specifically mathematical pattern.
Page 479
72. (a b) 2 a2 2ab b2
(2x 1) 2 (2x) 2 2(2x)(1) 12
4x2 4x 1
73.
(a b)(a b) a2 b2
(3a 5)(3a 5) (3a) 2 52
9a2 25
74. (7p2 4)(7p2 4) (7p2 4) 2
(a b) 2 a2 2ab b2
(7p2 4) 2 (7p2 ) 2 2(7p2 )(4) 42
49p4 56p2 16
75. (6r 7)(2r 5)
(6r)(2r) (6r)(5) (7)(2r) 7(5)
12r2 30r 14r 35
12r2 16r 35
76. (10h k)(2h 5k)
(10h)(2h) (10h)(5k) (k)(2h) (k) (5k)
20h2 50hk 2hk 5k2
20h2 52hk 5k2
77. (b 4)(b2 3b 18)
b(b2 3b 18) 4(b2 3b 18)
b3 3b2 18b 4b2 12b 72
b3 7b2 6b 72
78. Use the slope formula with (x1, y1) (1, 2),
(x2, y2) (2, r) and m 3.
y2 y 1
mx
3
3
1
x1
r 2
2 1
r 2
3
3(3) 1(r 2)
9 r 2
9 2 r 2 2
7 r
403
Chapter 9
2. Model 6x 8.
79. Use the slope formula with (x1, y1) (5, 9),
3
(x2, y2) (r, 6) and m 5.
y2 y1
mx
3
5
3
5

x1
1 1 1 1
6 9
r (5)
3
r 5
7900
125
84.
85.
86.
x
x
x
x
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
x
x
25
100
The rectangle has a width of 2 and a length of

3x 4. So, 6x 8 2(3x 4).
3. Model 5x2 2x.
125x
125
63.2 x
The wholesale price was $63.20.
5(2x 8) 5(2x) 5(8)
10x 40
a(3a 1) a(3a) a(1)
3a2 a
2g(3g 4) 2g(3g) (2g)(4)
6g2 8g
4y(3y 6) (4y) (3y) (4y)(6)
12y2 24y
7b 7c 7(b c)
2x 3x (2 3)x
Page 480
3x 4
(79 x) (100) (x)(25)

7900 100x 25x
7900 100x 100x 25x 100x
7900 125x
83.
3
79 x
x
82.
Arrange the tiles into a rectangle.
r0
80. Let x the wholesale price. Then 79 x is the
amount of change. The percent of increase is 25%.
81.
1 1 1 1
3(r 5) 5(3)
3r 15 15
3r 15 15 15 15
3r 0
3r
3
x2
x2
x2
x2
x2

5x 2
x2
x2
x2
x2
x2
x x
The rectangle has a width of x and a length of

5x 2. So, 5x2 2x x(5x 2).
4. Model 9 3x.
Algebra Activity
1. Model 2x 10.
x
x
x
x5
2
x
x
1
1
1
1
3x
1
1
1
1
1
1

x 5. So, 2x 10 2(x 5).
Chapter 9
x
x
x
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

3 x. So, 9 3x 3(3 x).
404
5. Yes;
4. The GCF of 9x2 and 36x is 9x.

9x2 36x 9x(x) 9x(4)
9x(x 4)
5. The GCF of 16xz and 40xz2 is 8xz.
16xz 40xz2 8xz(2) 8xz(5z)
8xz(2 5z)
6. The GCF of 24m2np2 and 36m2n2p is 12m2np.
24m2np2 36m2n2p 12m2np(2p) 12m2np(3n)
12m2np(2p 3n)
7. The GCF of 2a3b2, 8ab, and 16a2b3 is 2ab.
2x 5
2
x
x
x
x
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
6. No;
2a3b2 8ab 16a2b3 2ab(a2b) 2ab(4) 2ab(8ab2 )

2ab(a2b 4 8ab2 )
1 1 1
1 1
1 1
x
x
x
8. 5y2 15y 4y 12 (5y2 15y) (4y 12)

5y(y 3) 4(y 3)
(y 3)(5y 4)
9. 5c 10c2 2d 4cd (5c 10c2 ) (2d 4cd)
5c(1 2c) 2d(1 2c)
(1 2c)(5c 2d)
10. h(h 5) 0
h 0 or h 5 0
h 5
Check:
h(h 5) 0
h(h 5) 0
?
?
5(5 5) 0
0(0 5) 0
?
?
5(0) 0
0(5) 0
00
00
11. (n 4)(n 2) 0
n 4 0 or n 2 0
n4
n 2
Check:
(n 4)(n 2) 0
(n 4)(n 2) 0
?
?
(2 4)(2 2) 0
(4 4)(4 2) 0
?
?
6(0) 0
0(6) 0
00
00
12.
5m 3m2
5m 3m2 0
m(5 3m) 0
m 0 or 5 3m 0
3m 5
7. Yes;
x2
x
x x
8. No;
9. Sample answer: Binomials can be factored if they

can be represented by a rectangle. Examples:
2x 2 can be factored and 2x 1 cannot be
factored.
9-2
Page 484
Factoring Using the Distributive

Property
5 56
m3
The solution set is 0, 3 .
1. Sample answers:
4x2 12x 4(x2 ) 4(3x)
4(x2 3x)
2 12x x(4x) x(12)
4x
x(4x 12)
4x2 12x 4x(x) 4x(3)
4x(x 3)
4x(x 3) is the completely factored form because
4x is the GCF of 4x2 and 12x.
2. Sample answer: The equation x2 6x 7 0
can be solved using the Zero Product Property
because x2 6x 7 can be factored to
(x 1)(x 7).
3. The equation has two solutions, 4 and 2.
Dividing each side by x 2 would eliminate 2 as
a solution.
Check:
5m 3m2
?
5(0) 3(0) 2
00
5m 3m2
5
153 2 3153 22
25 ?
25
31 9 2
3
?
25
3
25
3
13. Since the height is expressed in units of feet

above sea level, the flare is at height 0 ft when it
returns to the sea.
14. h 100t 16t2
0 100t 16t2
0 4t(25 4t)
4t 0 or 25 4t 0
t0
4t 25
25
t 4
t 6.25
405
Chapter 9
15. The flare returns to the sea in 6.25 s. The answer

0 is not reasonable since it represents the time at
which the flare is launched.
37. 2my 7x 7m 2xy 2my 7m 7x 2xy
Pages 484486
38. 8ax 6x 12a 9 (8ax 6x) (12a 9)

2x(4a 3) 3(4a 3)
(4a 3)(2x 3)

Practice and Apply
16. 5x 30y 5(x) 5(6y)

5(x 6y)
17. 16a 4b 4(4a) 4(b)
4(4a b)
5
18. a b a a(a4b) a(1)
a(a4b 1)
3 2
19. x y x x(x2y2 ) x(1)
x(x2y2 1)
20. 21cd 3d 3d(7c) 3d(1)
3d(7c 1)
21. 14gh 18h 2h(7g) 2h(9)
2h(7g 9)
22. 15a2y 30ay 15ay(a) 15ay(2)
15ay(a 2)
23. 8bc2 24bc 8bc(c) 8bc(3)
8bc(c 3)
24. 12x2y2z 40xy3z2 4xy2z(3x) 4xy2z(10yz)
4xy2z(3x 10yz)
25. 18a2bc2 48abc3 6abc2 (3a) 6abc2 (8c)
6abc2 (3a 8c)
2b2 a3b3 a(1) a(ab2 ) a(a2b3 )
26. a a
a(1 ab2 a2b3 )
2y2 25xy x x(15xy2 ) x(25y) x(1)
27. 15x
x(15xy2 25y 1)
28. 12ax3 20bx2 32cx 4x(3ax2 ) 4x(5bx) 4x(8c)
39. 10x2 14xy 15x 21y

(10x2 14xy) (15x 21y)
2x(5x 7y) 3(5x 7y)
(5x 7y)(2x 3)
1
29. 3p
9pq2
2n(n 3)
41. Replace n with 10 in the polynomial.
1
n(n
2
3) 2 (10)(5 3)
5(7) or 35
A decagon has 35 diagonals.
1
42. g 2n2 2n
1
2n(n) 2n(1)
1
2n(n 1)
43. First find the number of games needed for
7 teams to play each other once.
1
g 2 (7)(7 1)
1
2 (7)(6)
1
2 (42)
21
Thus, the number of games needed for 7 teams to
play each other 3 times is 3(21) or 63 games.
44. area of shaded area of outer area of inner
region
rectangle
rectangle
(a 4)(b 4) ab
ab a(4) 4b 16 ab
4a 4b 16
4(a) 4(b) 4(4)
4(a b 4)
45. area of shaded area of the 2 area of a
region
rectangle
circle
2r(4r) 2(r2 )
8r2 2r2
2r2 (4) 2r2 ()
2r2 (4 )
46. The length of one side of the square is
1
(12x 20y) or 3x 5y in.
4
36pq 3pq(p2 ) 3pq(3q) 3pq(12)

3pq(p2 3q 12)
30. x2 2x 3x 6 (x2 2x) (3x 6)

x(x 2) 3(x 2)
(x 2)(x 3)
31. x2 5x 7x 35 (x2 5x) (7x 35)
x(x 5) 7(x 5)
(x 5)(x 7)
32. 4x2 14x 6x 21 (4x2 14x) (6x 21)
2x(2x 7) 3(2x 7)
(2x 7) (2x 3)
33. 12y2 9y 8y 6 (12y2 9y) (8y 6)
3y(4y 3) 2(4y 3)
(4y 3)(3y 2)
34. 6a2 15a 8a 20 (6a2 15a) (8a 20)
3a(2a 5) 4(2a 5)
(2a 5) (3a 4)
2 30x 3x 5 (18x2 30x) (3x 5)
35. 18x
6x(3x 5) (3x 5)
(3x 5)(6x 1)
36. 4ax 3ay 4bx 3by (4ax 3ay) (4bx 3by)
A (3x 5y) 2
(3x) 2 2(3x)(5y) (5y) 2
9x2 30xy 25y2
The area of the square is 9x2 30xy 25y2 in2.
a(4x 3y) b(4x 3y)

(4x 3y)(a b)
Chapter 9
40. 2n2 2n 2n(n) 2n(3)
4x(3ax2 5bx 8c)

3q
(2my 7m) (7x 2xy)

m(2y 7) x(7 2y)
m(2y 7) x(2y 7)
(2y 7) (m x)
406
47. The length of one side of the square is

1
(36a 16b) or 9a 4b cm.
4
57.
A (9a 4b) 2
(9a) 2 2(9a)(4b) (4b) 2
81a2 72ab 16b2
The area of the square is 81a2 72ab 16b2 cm2.
48. x(x 24) 0
x 0 or x 24 0
x 24
{0, 24}
49. a(a 16) 0
a 0 or a 16 0
a 16
{16, 0}
50. (q 4)(3q 15) 0
or 3q 15 0
q40
q 4
3q 15
q5
{4, 5}
51. (3y 9)( y 7) 0
or y 7 0
3y 9 0
3y 9
y7
y 3
{3, 7}
52. (2b 3) (3b 8) 0
2b 3 0 or 3b 8 0
2b 3
3b 8
58.
59.
532, 83 6
x7
50, 67 6
6x2 4x
6x 4x 0
2x(3x 2) 0
2x 0
x0
or
3x 2 0
3x 2
2
x 3
523, 06
20x2 15x
20x 15x 0
5x(4x 3) 0
5x 0
x0
or
4x 3 0
4x 3
3
x 4
60. Let h 0 and solve for t.

h 20t 16t2
0 20t 16t2
0 4t(5 4t)
4t 0 or 5 4t 0
t0
4t 5
t4
or
t 1.25
The dolphin leaves the water at 0 seconds and
returns to the water at 1.25 seconds. The dolphin
is in the air for 1.25 s.
61. Let h 2 and solve for t.
h 2 45t 16t2
2 2 45t 16t2
0 45t 16t2
0 16t(2.8125 t)
16t 0 or 2.8125 t 0
t 2.8125
t0
t 2.8125
Malik hits the ball at 0 seconds, and the catcher
catches it at about 2.8 seconds. The ball is in the
air about 2.8 s before it is caught.
3n 7 0
3n 7
n 4
n3
54. 3z2 12z 0

3z(z 4) 0
3z 0 or z 4 0
z0
z 4
{4, 0}
55. 7d2 35d 0
7d(d 5) 0
7d 0 or d 5 0
d0
d5
{0, 5}
56.
2x2 5x
2 5x 0
2x
x(2x 5) 0
or 2x 5 0
x0
2x 5
62. axy axby aybx bxy

(axy axby ) (aybx bxy )
(axay axby ) (aybx bxby )
ax (ay by ) bx (ay by )
(ay by )(ax bx )
50, 52 6
7x 6 0
7x 6
534, 06
b3
53. (4n 5)(3n 7) 0

4n 5 0
4n 5
554, 73 6
or
b2
7x2 6x
7x 6x 0
x(7x 6) 0
x0
2
x2
407
Chapter 9

Let h 0 in the equation h 151t 16t2. To
solve 0 151t 16t2, factor the right-hand side
as t(151 16t). Then, since t(151 16t) 0,
either t 0 or 151 16t 0. Solving each
equation for t, we find that t 0 or t 9.44.
The solution t 0 represents the point at
which the ball was initially thrown into the
air. The solution t 9.44 represents how long
it took after the ball was thrown for it to
return to the same height at which it was
thrown.
64. A; Since there are 3 feet in one yard, the number
of feet in x yards is 3x. The number of feet in
y feet is y. Since there are 12 inches per foot, the
z
number of feet in z inches is 12.
65. A; First determine the negative solution of the
equation in Column A.
(a 2) (a 5) 0
a 2 0 or a 5 0
a2
a 5
The solution set is {5, 2}. The negative solution
is 5.
Next determine the negative solution of the
equation in Column B.
(b 6) (b 1) 0
b60
or b 1 0
b 6
b1
The solution set is {6, 1}. The negative solution
is 6. 5 6, so the quantity in Column A is
greater.
Page 486
73.
s4
s7

74.
11812 21xx 21yy 2

3
1
3 32
(x
)(y14 )
2
3
(x)(y5 )
2
3
1
(x) y5
2
3x
2y5
34p7q2r5
17(p3qr1 ) 2
1 2
34p7q2r5
17(p3 ) 2 (q) 2 (r1 ) 2

34p7q2r5
17p6q2r2
13417 21pp 21qq 21rr 2

7
5
2
)(q
)(r5(2) )
2(p
0
3
2(p)(q )(r )
2(p)(1)(r3 )
76
22
2p
r3
75. Let x represent the number of shares that

Michael can purchase. The total purchase price
cannot exceed 60% of last years dividend.
14x 0.60(885)
14x 531
x
531
14
or about 37.9
Michael can purchase up to 37 shares.

76. (n 8)(n 3) (n)(n) (n)(3) (8)(n) 8(3)
n2 3n 8n 24
n2 11n 24
77. (x 4)(x 5)
(x)(x) (x)(5) (4)(x) (4)(5)
x2 5x 4x 20
x2 9x 20
78. (b 10) (b 7)
(b)(b) (b)(7) (10)(b) (10)(7)
b2 7b 10b 70
b2 3b 70
79. (3a 1)(6a 4)
(3a)(6a) (3a)(4) (1)(6a) (1)(4)
18a2 12a 6a 4
18a2 6a 4
80. (5p 2)(9p 3)
(5p)(9p) (5p)(3) (2) (9p) (2)(3)
45p2 15p 18p 6
45p2 33p 6
81. (2y 5)(4y 3)
(2y)(4y) (2y)(3) (5)(4y) (5)(3)
8y2 6y 20y 15
8y2 14y 15
Page 486
Practice Quiz 1

1 225
3 75
5 45
9 25
15 15
factors: 1, 3, 5, 9, 15, 25, 45, 75, 225
composite
s4(7)
s11
Chapter 9


1 123
3 41
factors: 1, 3, 41, 123
composite
1 300
2 150
3 100
4 75
5 60
6 50
10 30
12 25
15 20
factors: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 25, 30, 50,
60, 75, 100, 150, 300
composite
1 67
factors: 1, 67
prime
69. (4s3 3) 2 (4s3 ) 2 2(4s3 )(3) (3) 2
16s6 24s3 9
70. (2p 5q) (2p 5q) (2p) 2 (5q) 2
4p2 25q2
71. (3k 8) (3k 8) (3k 8) 2
(3k) 2 2(3k)(8) 82
9k2 48k 64
72.
18x3y1
12x2y4
408
2. 320 1 320
1 2 160
1 2 2 80
1 2 2 2 40
1 2 2 2 2 20
1 2 2 2 2 2 10
1 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 or 1 26 5
2 3
3. 78a bc 2 39 a a b c c c
2 3 13 a a b c c c
4. 54x3 2 3 3 3 x x x
42x2y 2 3 7 x x y
30xy2 2 3 5 x y y
GCF: 2 3 x or 6x
5. 4xy2 xy xy(4x) xy(1)
xy(4x 1)
2
6. 32a b 40b3 8a2b2 8b(4a2 ) 8b(5b2 ) 8b(a2b)
Page 488
Algebra Activity
1. Model x2 4x 3.
x2
Place the x2 tile at the corner. Arrange the 1 tiles

into a rectangular array.
8b(4a2 5b2 a2b)
7. 6py 16p 15y 40 (6py 16p) (15y 40)
x2
2p(3y 8) 5(3y 8)
(3y 8) (2p 5)
8. (8n 5)(n 4) 0
8n 5 0
8n 5
or
n40
n4
n 8
558, 46
Complete the rectangle with the x tiles.
x3
Check:
(8n 5) (n 4) 0
3 8158 2 5 4158 42 0
?
5
(5 5) 1 8 4 2 0
37 ?
(0) 1 8 2 0
?
(8n 5) (n 4) 0
?
[ 8(4) 5] (4 4) 0
x1
(37)(0) 0
00
x2
x x x
00
9. 9x 27x 0
9x(x 3) 0
9x 0 or
x0
{0, 3}
Check:
9x(x 3) 0
9x(x 3) 0
9(0) (0 3) 0
9(3)(3 3) 0
0(3) 0
00
10.
10x2 3x
10x2 3x 0
x(10x 3) 0
x0
The rectangle has a width of x 1 and a length of

x 3. Therefore, x2 4x 3 (x 1)(x 3).
2. Model x2 5x 4.
x30
x3
x2
27(0) 0
00
or
10x 3 0
10x 3
3
Check:
10x2 3x
10x2 3x
10(0) 2 3(0)
1103 22 31103 2
? 9
9
10 1 100 2 10
10
9
10
9
10

x 10
5103 , 06
x2
10(0) 0
00
409
Chapter 9
4. Model x2 3x 2.
x4
x x x x
x2
x1
x2
x
x x x
1

3. Model x2 x 6.

x2
x
x2
1 1 1
1
1 1 1
x2

x1
x2
x2
x x
x
1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
5. Model x2 7x 12.
Complete the rectangle with the x tile and two

zero-pairs of x tiles
x2
x3
x2
x x x
x
x
1 1 1
1 1 1
x2

x 3. Therefore, x2 x 6 (x 2)(x 3).
Chapter 9
x2
410
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7. Model x2 x 2.
x4
x x x x
x2
x
x2
x3
x
x
x
1
1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1


x 4. Therefore, x2 7x 12 (x 3)(x 4).
6. Model x2 4x 4.
x2
1
1
x x x x
x2
Complete the rectangle with the x tile and a zero

pair of x tiles.
x1
x2
Place the
tile at the corner. Arrange the 1 tiles
x2
x
x
1
1
x2
x2
1
1
1
1

x 1. Therefore, x2 x 2 (x 2)(x 1).
x2
x2
x x
x
x
1 1
1 1
x2

411
Chapter 9
8. Model x2 6x 8.
x2
x x x x x x
3.
4.

x2
5.
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1

6.
x4
x2
x x x x
x
x
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
x2

9-3
Factoring Trinomials x 2 bx c
Pages 492493
7.
1. In this trinomial, b 6 and c 9. This means

that m n is positive and mn is positive. Only
two positive numbers have both a positive sum
and product. Therefore, negative factors of 9 need
not be considered.
2. Sample answer: Factor x2 14x 40 0.
Since b 14 and c 40, make a list of negative
factors of 40, and look for the pair whose sum is 14.
Factors of 40
Sum of Factors
1, 40
41
2, 20
22
4, 10
14
5, 8
13
Chapter 9
412
The correct factors are 4 and 10.

x2 14x 40 0
(x 4)(x 10) 0
x 4 0 or x 10 0
x4
x 10
Aleta; to use the Zero Product Property, one side
of the equation must equal zero.
Since b 11 and c 24, make a list of positive
factors of 24, and find the pair whose sum is 11.
Factors of 24
Sum of Factors
1, 24
25
2, 12
14
3, 8
11
4, 6
10
x2 11x 24 (x m)(x n)
(x 3)(x 8)
Since b 3 and c 2, make a list of negative
factors of 2, and find the pair whose sum is 3.
Factors of 2
Sum of Factors
1, 2
3
c2 3c 2 (c m)(c n)
(c 1)(c 2)
Make a list of factors of 48, and find the pair
whose sum is 13.
Factors of 48
Sum of Factors
1, 48
47
1, 48
47
2, 24
22
2, 24
22
3, 16
13
3, 16
13
4, 12
8
4, 12
8
6, 8
2
6,
8
2
n2 13n 48 (n m)(n p)
(n 3)(n 16)
Make a list of factors of 35, and find the pair
whose sum is 2.
Factors of 35
Sum of Factors
1, 35
34
1, 35
34
5, 7
2
5,
7
2
p2 2p 35 ( p m)( p n)
( p 5)( p 7)
8. 72 27a a2 a2 27a 72
Make a list of positive factors of 72, and find the
pair whose sum is 27.
Factors of 72
Sum of Factors
1, 72
73
2, 36
38
3, 24
27
4, 18
22
6, 12
18
8, 9
17
72 27a a2 a2 27a 72
(a m)(a n)
(a 3)(a 24)
9. x2 4xy 3y2 x2 (4y)x 3y2
Make a list of negative factors of 3y2, and find the
pair whose sum is 4y.
Factors of 3y2
Sum of Factors
y, 3y
4y
y2, 3
y2 3
1, 3y2
1 3y2
The correct factors are y and 3y.
x2 4xy 3y2 x2 (4y)x 3y2
(x m)(x n)
(x y)(x 3y)
10.
n2 7n 6 0
(n 1)(n 6) 0
or n 6 0
n10
n 1
n 6
Check:
n2 7n 6 0
?
2 7(1) 6
0
(1)
?
1760
00
n2 7n 6 0
?
(6) 2 7(6) 6 0

Check:
p2 19p 42 0
2
(2) 19(2) 42 0
?
4 38 42 0
00
p2 19p 42 0
2
(21) 19(21) 42 0
?
441 399 42 0
00
y2 9 10y
y 9 10y 0
y2 10y 9 0
( y 1)( y 9) 0
or y 9 0
y10
y 1
y 9
Check:
y2 9 10y
y2 9 10y
?
?
2
(9) 9 10(9)
(1) 2 9 10(1)
?
?
81 9 90
1 9 10
90 90
10 10
14.
9x x2 22
9x x2 22 0
x2 9x 22 0
(x 2)(x 11) 0
x 2 0 or x 11 0
x2
x 11
Check:
9x x2 22
9x x2 22
?
?
2
9(11) (11) 22
9(2) (2) 2 22
?
?
99 121 22
18 4 22
22 22
22 22
15.
d2 3d 70
d2 3d 70 0
(d 7)(d 10) 0
or d 10 0
d70
d 7
d 10
Check:
d2 3d 70
d2 3d 70
?
?
2
2
(7) 3(7) 70
(10) 3(10) 70
?
?
49 21 70
100 30 70
70 70
70 70
16. Let n be the first integer. Then n 1 is the
second integer.
n(n 1) 156
n2 n 156
2 n 156 0
n
(n 12)(n 13) 0
n 12 0
or n 13 0
n 12
n 13
When n 12, n 1 13.
When n 13, n 1 12.
The two consecutive integers are either 12 and 13
or 13 and 12.
13.
36 42 6 0
00
11. a2 5a 36 0
(a 4)(a 9) 0
a 4 0 or a 9 0
a4
a 9
Check:
a2 5a 36 0
a2 5a 36 0
?
?
2
2
(9) 5(9) 36 0 (4) 5(4) 36 0
?
?
81 45 36 0
16 20 36 0
00
00
12. p2 19p 42 0
( p 2)( p 21) 0
or p 21 0
p20
p 2
p 21
413
Chapter 9
Pages 493494
31. 72 6w w2 w2 6w 72
Among all pairs of factors of 72, choose 6 and
12, the pair of factors whose sum is 6.
72 6w w2 w2 6w 72
(w m)(w n)
(w 6)(w 12)
32. 30 13x x2 x2 13x 30
Among all pairs of factors of 3, choose 2 and
30 13x x2 x2 13x 30
(x 2)(x 15)
33. a2 5ab 4b2 a2 (5b)a 4b2
Among all pairs of positive factors of 4b2, choose
b and 4b, the pair of factors whose sum is 5b.
a2 5ab 4b2 a2 (5b)a 4b2
(a m)(a n)
(a b)(a 4b)
34. x2 13xy 36y2 x2 (13y)x 36y2
Among all pairs of negative factors of 36y2, choose
4y and 9y, the pair of factors whose sum is
13y.
x2 13xy 36y2 x2 (13y)x 36y2
(x m)(x n)
(x 4y) (x 9y)
35. Factor the expression given for the area.
area x2 24x 81
(x 27)(x 3)
Assuming that the factors represent the length
and width, find the perimeter of the rectangle.
perimeter 2(x 27) 2(x 3)
2x 54 2x 6
4x 48
36. Factor the expression given for the area.
area x2 13x 90
(x 18)(x 5)
Assuming that the factors represent the length
and width, find the perimeter of the rectangle.
perimeter 2(x 18) 2(x 5)
2x 36 2x 10
4x 26
37. x2 16x 28 0
(x 2)(x 14) 0
x20
or x 14 0
x 2
x 14
{14, 2}
38. b2 20b 36 0
(b 2)(b 18) 0
b20
or b 18 0
b 2
b 18
{18, 2}
39. y2 4y 12 0
( y 2)( y 6) 0
y 2 0 or y 6 0
y2
y 6
{6, 2}
Practice and Apply
17. Among all pairs of positive factors of 15, choose

3 and 5, the pair of factors whose sum is 8.
a2 8a 15 (a m)(a n)
(a 3)(a 5)
x2 12x 27 (x m)(x n)
(x 3)(x 9)
c2 12c 35 (c m)(c n)
(c 5) (c 7)
y2 13y 30 ( y m)( y n)
( y 3)( y 10)
21. Among all pairs of negative factors of 21, choose
m2 22m 21 (m p)(m n)
(m 1)(m 21)
d2 7d 10 (d m)(d n)
(d 2)(d 5)
p2 17p 72 ( p m)( p n)
( p 8)( p 9)
g2 19g 60 ( g m)( g n)
( g 4)( g 15)
25. Among all pairs of factors of 7, choose 1 and 7,
the pair of factors whose sum is 6.
x2 6x 7 (x m)(x n)
(x 1)(x 7)
26. Among all pairs of factors of 20, choose 4 and
b2 b 20 (b m)(b n)
(b 4)(b 5)
h2 3h 40 (h m)(h n)
(h 5)(h 8)
n2 3n 54 (n m)(n p)
(n 6)(n 9)
y2 y 42 ( y m)( y n)
( y 6)( y 7)
z2 18z 40 (z m)(z n)
(z 2)(z 20)
Chapter 9
414
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
d2 2d 8 0
(d 2)(d 4) 0
d 2 0 or d 4 0
d2
d 4
{4, 2}
a2 3a 28 0
(a 7)(a 4) 0
a 7 0 or a 4 0
a7
a 4
{4, 7}
g2 4g 45 0
( g 9)( g 5) 0
g 9 0 or g 5 0
g9
g 5
{5, 9}
m2 19m 48 0
(m 3)(m 16) 0
m 3 0 or m 16 0
m3
m 16
{3, 16}
n2 22n 72 0
(n 4)(n 18) 0
n 4 0 or n 18 0
n4
n 18
{4, 18}
z2 18 7z
2
z 7z 18 0
(z 2)(z 9) 0
z 2 0 or z 9 0
z2
z 9
{9, 2}
h2 15 16h
2
h 16h 15 0
(h 15) (h 1) 0
h 15 0
or h 1 0
h 15
h 1
{15, 1}
24 k2 10k
2
k 10k 24 0
(k 4)(k 6) 0
k 4 0 or k 6 0
k4
k6
{4, 6}
x2 20 x
2
x x 20 0
(x 4)(x 5) 0
x40
or x 5 0
x 4
x5
{4, 5}
c2 50 23c
2 23c 50 0
c
(c 2)(c 25) 0
c 2 0 or c 25 0
c2
c 25
{25, 2}
50.
y2 29y 54
29y 54 0
( y 2)( y 27) 0
y 2 0 or y 27 0
y2
y 27
{2, 27}
14p p2 51
2
p 14p 51 0
( p 3)( p 17) 0
p 3 0 or p 17 0
p3
p 17
{17, 3}
x2 2x 6 74
2
x 2x 6 74 0
x2 2x 80 0
(x 8)(x 10) 0
or x 10 0
x80
x 8
x 10
{8, 10}
x2 x 56 17x
2 x 56 17x 0
x
x2 18x 56 0
(x 4)(x 14) 0
x 4 0 or x 14 0
x4
x 14
{4, 14}
To find the number of Justices on the Supreme
Court, replace h with 36 in the equation and solve
for n.
y2
51.
52.
53.
54.
h
36
n2 n
2
n2 n
2
72 n2 n
0 n2 n 72
0 (n 9)(n 8)
n 9 0 or n 8 0
n9
n 8
Only 9 is a valid solution since the number of
Justices cannot be negative. Thus there are
9 Justices on the Supreme Court.
55. Let n be the first integer. Let n 2 be the second
integer.
n(n 2) 168
n2 2n 168
2 2n 168 0
n
(n 12)(n 14) 0
n 12 0
or n 14 0
n 12
n 14
When n 12, n 2 14.
When n 14, n 2 12.
The two consecutive even integers are either
12 and 14 or 14 and 12.
415
Chapter 9
62. Replace the area with 8160 and solve.

area w(w 52)
8160 w(w 52)
8160 w2 52w
0 w2 52w 8160
0 (w 68)(w 120)
or w 68 0
w 120 0
w 120
w 68
Only 68 is a valid solution since dimensions
cannot be negative.
Now find the length of the field.
length w 52
68 52
120
The dimensions of the field are 120 m by 68 m.
You would use a guess-and-check process,
listing the factors of 54, checking to see which
pairs added to 15.
To factor a trinomial of the form x2 ax c,
you also use a guess-and-check process, list
the factors of c, and check to see which ones
add to a.
64. C; Of the pairs of factors of 42 shown in the
choices, only 3 and 14 have a sum of 17.
So, the answer must be C.
65. p2 13p 30 0
( p 2)( p 15) 0
or p 15 0
p20
p 2
p 15
The positive solution is 15.
66. No; the graphs of y1 x2 14x 48 and
y2 (x 6)(x 8) do not coincide. The correct
factorization is x2 14x 48 (x 6)(x 8).
67. Yes; the graphs of y1 x2 16x 105 and
y2 (x 5)(x 21) coincide.
56. Write an equation for the area of the triangle and

solve for h.
1
area 2 base height

1
40 2 (2h 6)(h)
57.
58.
59.
60.
40 h2 3h
0 h2 3h 40
0 (h 5) (h 8)
h 5 0 or h 8 0
h5
h 8
Only 5 is a valid solution since the height of the
triangle cannot be negative. Thus, the height of
the triangle is 5 cm.
List all pairs of factors of 19 and the sums of
the pairs.
Factors of 19
Sum of Factors
1, 19
18
1, 19
18
k can be 18 or 18.
List all pairs of factors of 14 and the sums of the
pairs.
Factors of 14
Sum of Factors
1, 14
15
1, 14
15
2,
7
9
2, 7
9
k can be 15, 9, 9, or 15.
Because k is positive, m and n must have the
same sign. Because b 8, m and n must be
negative.
List all pairs of negative integers whose sum is
8, and list the products of the pairs.
Addends of 8 Product of Addends
1, 7
7
2, 6
12
3, 5
15
4, 4
16
k can be 7, 12, 15, or 16.
Because k is positive, m and n must have the
same sign. Because b 5, m and n must be
negative.
List all pairs of negative integers whose sum is
5, and list the products of the pairs.
Addends of 5 Product of Addends

1, 4
4
2, 3
6
k can be either 4 or 6.
61. area length width
(w 52) (w)
w(w 52)
The area of the rugby field is [w(w 52)] m2.
Page 494

70. (x 3)(2x 5) 0
or 2x 5 0
x30
x 3
2x 5
5
x2
53, 52 6
71. b(7b 4) 0
b 0 or 7b 4 0
7b 4
50, 47 6
Chapter 9
416
b7
72.
5y2 9y
9y 0
y(5y 9) 0
y 0 or 5y 9 0
5y 9
83. 4g2 2g 6g 3 (4g2 2g) (6g 3)

2g(2g 1) 3(2g 1)
2g(2g 1) 3(1) (2g 1)
2g(2g 1) (3) (2g 1)
(2g 1)(2g 3)
5y2
y 5
595, 06
9-4

prime factors.
24 2 2 2 3
36 2 2 3 3
72 2 2 2 3 3
GCF: 2 2 3 or 12
prime factors.
9p2q5 3 3 p p q q q q q
21p3q3 3 7 p p p q q q
GCF: 3 p p q q q or 3p2q3
prime factors.
30x4y5 2 3 5 x x x x y y y y y
20x2y7 2 2 5 x x y y y y y y y
75x3y4 3 5 5 x x x y y y y
GCF: 5 x x y y y y or 5x2y4
28.2 1.54 26.66
as the base.
26.66
1.54
Pages 498499
100
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
1. m and n are the factors of ac whose sum is b.

2. Sample answer: 2x2 9x 7. ac 2(7) 14 and
b 9.
2x2 9x 7 2x2 2x 7x 7
2x(x 1) 7(x 1)
(x 1)(2x 7)
3. Craig; when factoring a trinomial of the form
ax2 bx c, where a 1, you must find the
factors of ac, not of c.
4. 3a2 8a 4
Since ac 12 and b 8, make a list of positive
factors of 12 and find the pair whose sum is 8.
Factors of 12
Sum of Factors
1, 12
13
2, 6
8
3, 4
7
3a2 8a 4 3a2 ma na 4
3a2 2a 6a 4
(3a2 2a) (6a 4)
a(3a 2) 2(3a 2)
(3a 2)(a 2)
5. 2a2 11a 7
Since ac 14 and b 11, make a list of
negative factors of 14 and find the pair whose
sum is 11.
Factors of 14
Sum of Factors
1, 14
15
2, 7
9
There are no factors whose sum is 11.
So, 2a2 11a 7 is prime.
26.66(100) 1.54(r)
2666 1.54r
2666
1.54
Factoring Trinomials:
ax 2 bx c
1.54r
1.54
1731 r
The percent increase is about 1731%.
1.54 17.31(1.54) 1(1.54) 17.31(1.54)
(1 17.31) (1.54)
or 18.31(1.54)
3y2 2y 9y 6 (3y2 2y) (9y 6)
y(3y 2) 3(3y 2)
(3y 2)(y 3)
3a2 2a 12a 8 (3a2 2a) (12a 8)
a(3a 2) 4(3a 2)
(3a 2)(a 4)
4x2 3x 8x 6 (4x2 3x) (8x 6)
x(4x 3) 2(4x 3)
(4x 3)(x 2)
2p2 6p 7p 21 (2p2 6p) (7p 21)
2p(p 3) 7(p 3)
(p 3) (2p 7)
6. 2p2 14p 24
First factor out the GCF, 2.
2p2 14p 24 2( p2 7p 12)
Now factor p2 7p 12. Since the lead
coefficient is 1, find two factors of 12 whose sum
is 7. The correct factors are 3 and 4.
So, p2 7p 12 ( p 3)( p 4).
Thus, 2p2 14p 24 2( p 3)( p 4).
82. 3b2 7b 12b 28 (3b 2 7b) (12b 28)

b(3b 7) 4(3b 7)
b(3b 7) 4(1) (3b 7)
b(3b 7) (4) (3b 7)
(3b 7) (b 4)
417
Chapter 9
7. 2x2 13x 20
Since ac 40 and b 13, make a list of positive
factors of 40 find the pair whose sum is 13.
Factors of 40
Sum of Factors
1, 40
41
2, 20
22
4, 10
14
5, 8
13
2x2 13x 20 2x2 mx nx 20
2x2 5x 8x 20
(2x2 5x) (8x 20)
x(2x 5) 4(2x 5)
(2x 5)(x 4)
8. 6x2 15x 9
First factor out the GCF, 3.
6x2 15x 9 3(2x2 5x 3)
Now factor 2x2 5x 3. Since ac 6 and
b 5, make a list of the factors of 6 and find
the pair whose sum is 5.
Factors of 6
Sum of Factors
1, 6
5
1, 6
5
2, 3
1
2, 3
1
2x2 5x 3 2x2 mx nx 3
2x2 x 6x 3
(2x2 x) (6x 3)
x(2x 1) 3(2x 1)
(2x 1)(x 3)
Thus, 6x2 15x 9 3(2x 1)(x 3).
10.
x 3
Check:
3x2 11x 6 0
1 2
1 2
3x2 11x 6 0
2
2
3 3 2 11 3 # 6 0
3(3) 2 11(3) 6 0
149 2 223 6 0
4
3
22
3
18
3
18 ?

3
18 ?
3
3(9) 33 6 0
?
27 33 6 0
0
6 6 0
00
11.
00
10p 19p 7 0
(5p 7)(2p 1) 0
5p 7 0 or 2p 1 0
5p 7
2p 1
7
1
p5
p2
The solution set is
512, 75 6.
Check:
10p2 19p 7 0
10
19
2
14
Sum of Factors
139
139
68
68
31
31
23
23
13
13
4
4
175 22 19175 2 7 0
?
49
133
10 1 25 2 5 7 0
2
12.
10p2 19p 7 0
112 22 19112 2 7 0
?
1
19
10 1 4 2 2 7 0
5
2
9. Factor
4n 35.
Since ac 140 and b 4, make a list of the
pairs of factors of 140 and find the pair whose
sum is 4.
14 ?

2
14 ?
2
10
98
5
133
5
35
0
5
00
6n2 7n 20
6n2 7n 20 0
(3n 4)(2n 5) 0
3n 4 0 or 2n 5 0
3n 4
2n 5
4
n3
35 ?

5
35 ?
5
00
n 2
5 4
Check:
6n2 7n 20
1 2
1 2
20
20
20
1254 2 352 20
75
2
35 ?

2
40 ?

2
20 20
418
6n2 7n 20
143 22 7143 2 20
16
28 ?
6 1 9 2 3 20
5
5 ?
6 2 2 7 2 20
32
3
0

4n2 4n 35 4n2 mn pn 35
4n2 10n 14n 35
(4n2 10n) (14n 35)
2n(2n 5) 7(2n 5)
(2n 5) (2n 7)
Chapter 9
4n2
Factors of 140
1, 140
1, 140
2, 70
2,
70
4, 35
4,
35
5, 28
5,
28
7, 20
7,
20
10, 14
10,
14
3x2 11x 6 0
(3x 2)(x 3) 0
or x 3 0
3x 2 0
3x 2
x 3
28 ?

3
60 ?

3
20
20 20

2x2 3x 20 2x2 5x 8x 20
(2x2 5x) (8x 20)
x(2x 5) 4(2x 5)
(2x 5)(x 4)
5c2 17c 14 5c2 10c 7c 14
(5c2 10c) (7c 14)
5c(c 2) 7(c 2)
(c 2)(5c 7)
23. Among all negative factors of 48, there are no
pairs whose sum is 25.
Thus, 3p2 25p 16 is prime.
8y2 6y 9 8y2 12y 6y 9
(8y2 12y) (6y 9)
4y(2y 3) 3(2y 3)
(2y 3)(4y 3)
10n2 11n 6 10n2 15n 4n 6
(10n2 15n) (4n 6)
5n(2n 3) 2(2n 3)
(2n 3)(5n 2)
26. Among all pairs of factors of 270, choose 10
and 27, the pair whose sum is 17.
15z2 17z 18 15z2 10z 27z 18
(15z2 10z) (27z 18)
5z(3z 2) 9(3z 2)
(3z 2) (5z 9)
21, the pair whose sum is 13.
14x2 13x 12 14x2 8x 21x 12
(14x2 8x) (21x 12)
2x(7x 4) 3(7x 4)
(7x 4) (2x 3)
28. First factor out the GCF, 2.
6r2 14r 12 2(3r2 7r 6)
Now factor 3r2 7r 6. Among all pairs of factors
of 18, choose 9 and 2, the pair whose sum is 7.
3r2 7r 6 3r2 9r 2r 6
3r(r 3) 2(r 3)
(r 3)(3r 2)
Thus, 6r2 14r 12 2(r 3)(3r 2) .
30x2 25x 30 5(6x2 5x 6)
Now factor 6x2 5x 6. Among all pairs of factors
of 36, choose 9 and 4, the pair whose sum is 5.
6x2 5x 6 6x2 9x 4x 6
3x(2x 3) 2(2x 3)
(2x 3)(3x 2)
Thus, 30x2 25x 30 5(2x 3)(3x 2).
13. Use the model for vertical motion with h 0,

v 8, and s 8.
h 16t2 vt s
0 16t2 8t 8
0 8(2t2 t 1)
0 8(2t 1) (t 1)
2t 1 0
or t 1 0
2t 1
t1
1
t 2
1
Only 1 is a valid solution since 2 represents a

time before the vault was made. Thus the
gymnasts feet reach the mat in 1 s.
Pages 499500
Practice and Apply
14. Among all positive pairs of factors of 10, choose

2x2 7x 5 2x2 2x 5x 5
(2x2 2x) (5x 5)
2x(x 1) 5(x 1)
(x 1)(2x 5)
3x2 5x 2 3x2 2x 3x 2
(3x2 2x) (3x 2)
x(3x 2) 1(3x 2)
(3x 2)(x 1)
6p2 5p 6 6p2 4p 9p 6
2p(3p 2) 3(3p 2)
(3p 2)(2p 3)
5d2 6d 8 5d2 4d 10d 8
d(5d 4) 2(5d 4)
(5d 4)(d 2)
18. Among all pairs of negative factors of 72, there
are no pairs whose sum is 19.
Thus, 8k2 19k 9 is prime.
9g2 12g 4 9g2 6g 6g 4
(9g2 6g) (6g 4)
3g(3g 2) 2(3g 2)
3g(3g 2) 2(1)(3g 2)
3g(3g 2) 2(3g 2)
(3g 2) (3g 2) or (3g 2) 2
2a2 9a 18 2a2 12a 3a 18
(2a2 12a) (3a 18)
2a(a 6) 3(a 6)
(a 6)(2a 3)
419
Chapter 9
30. 9x2 30xy 25y2 9x2 (30y)x (25y2 )

Among all pairs of positive factors of 225y2, choose
15y and 15y, the pair of factors whose sum is 30y.
9x2 30xy 25y2 9x2 (30y)x 25y2
9x2 15yx 15yx 25y2
(9x2 15yx) (15yx 25y2 )
3x(3x 5y) 5y(3x 5y)
(3x 5y)(3x 5y) or
(3x 5y) 2
2
2
31. 36a 9ab 10b 36a2 (9b)a (10b2 )
Among all pairs of positive factors of 360b2, choose
15b and 24b, the pair of factors whose sum is 9b.
36a2 9ab 10b2
36a2 9ba 10b2
36a2 15ba 24ba 10b2
(36a2 15ba) (24ba 10b2 )
3a(12a 5b) 2b(12a 5b)
(12a 5b) (3a 2b)
32. List all factors of 24 and the sums of the pairs of
factors.
Factors of 24
Sum of Factors
1, 24
25
1, 24
25
2, 12
14
2, 12
14
3,
8
11
3, 8
11
4,
6
10
4, 6
10
The possible values for k are
25,
14,
11,
and
10.
33. List all factors of 30 and the sums of the pairs of
factors.
Factors of 30
Sum of Factors
1, 30
31
1, 30
31
2, 15
17
2, 15
17
3, 10
13
3, 10
13
5,
6
11
5, 6
11
The possible values for k are
31,
17,
13,
and
11.
34. Because ac 2k is positive and b 12 is positive,
m and n must both be positive and mn must be
even. List all pairs of positive numbers whose
sum is 12 and list the products of the pairs.
Possible values for 2k will be the even products.

35. 5x2 27x 10 0
(5x 2)(x 5) 0
or x 5 0
5x 2 0
5x 2
x 5
36.
55, 25 6
3x2 5x 12 0
(3x 4)(x 3) 0
or x 3 0
3x 4 0
3x 4
x3
4
x 3
37.
543, 36
24x2 11x 3 3x
24x2 14x 3 0
(4x 3)(6x 1) 0
4x 3 0 or 6x 1 0
4x 3
6x 1
3
x4
38.
516, 34 6
x 6
17x2 11x 2 2x2

15x2 11x 2 0
(5x 2)(3x 1) 0
5x 2 0 or 3x 1 0
5x 2
3x 1
513, 25 6
x5
x3
39. 14n2 25n 25

14n2 25n 25 0
(7n 5)(2n 5) 0
or
7n 5 0
7n 5
5
n 7
40.
2n 5 0
2n 5
5
n2
557, 52 6
12a2 13a 35
12a 13a 35 0
(4a 5)(3a 7) 0
or 3a 7 0
4a 5 0
4a 5
3a 7
2
a 4
41.
554, 73 6
x 3
523, 36
420
a3
6x2 14x 12
6x 14x 12 0
2(3x2 7x 6) 0
3x2 7x 6 0
(3x 2)(x 3) 0
or x 3 0
3x 2 0
3x 2
x3
2
Addends of 12
Product of Addends
1, 11
11
2, 10
20
(even)
3, 9
27
4, 8
32
(even)
5, 7
35
6, 6
36
(even)
The possible values of 2k are 20, 32, and 36.
Thus, the possible values of k are 10, 16, and 18.
Chapter 9
x 5
42.
21x2 6 15x
21x 15x 6 0
3(7x2 5x 2) 0
7x2 5x 2 0
(7x 2)(x 1) 0
or x 1 0
7x 2 0
7x 2
x1
48.
x 7
43.
527, 16
44.
512, 23 6
24x2 46x 18
24x 46x 18 0
2(12x2 23x 9) 0
12x2 23x 9 0
(3x 1) (4x 9) 0
3x 1 0
or 4x 9 0
3x 1
4x 9
2
45.
513, 94 6
12
x2
12
x2
12
2x
3
2x
3
x2
x4
40
4 12(0)
t2
8x 48 0
(x 12) (x 4) 0
x 12 0
or x 4 0
x 12
x 4
{4, 12}
46.
t2 6
The negative value represents a time before the

diver leaps. The diver will enter the water after
5
or 2.5 seconds.
2
v 56, and s 6.
h 16t2 vt s
30 16t2 56t 6
0 16t2 56t 24
0 8(2t2 7t 3)
0 8(2t 1)(t 3)
2t 1 0 or t 3 0
2t 1
t3
1
t2
35
6
t
6 t2 6 6
1356 2
6t2 t 35
6t t 35 0
(3t 7) (2t 5) 0
or 2t 5 0
3t 7 0
3t 7
2t 5
7
5
t 3
t2
2
47.
573, 52 6
The first time, t 2, represents how long it takes

the hook to reach a height of 30 feet on its way
up. The second time, t 3, represents the time
the hook anchors on the ledge on its way down.
Thus, the hook is in the air for 3 seconds.
(3y 2) (y 3) y 14
3y2 9y 2y 6 y 14
3y2 11y 6 y 14
3y2 10y 8 0
(3y 2) ( y 4) 0
3y 2 0 or y 4 0
3y 2
y 4
54, 23 6
a2
49. Write an equation for the area of the smaller

rectangle and solve for x.
(9 2x)(7 2x) 35
63 18x 14x 4x2 35
4x2 32x 63 35
4x2 32x 28 0
4(x2 8x 7) 0
4(x 7)(x 1) 0
x 7 0 or x 1 0
x7
x1
If x 7, the dimensions of the smaller rectangle
would be negative. Thus, the width of each strip
is 1 inch.
50. The dimensions of the new rectangle are (7 2) in.
by (9 2) in. or 5 in. by 7 in.
v 8, and s 80.
h 16t2 vt s
0 16t2 8t 80
0 8(2t2 t 10)
0 8(2t 5) (t 2)
2t 5 0 or t 2 0
2t 5
t 2
x2
x 3
a2
512, 72 6
24x2 30x 8 2x

24x2 28x 8 0
4(6x2 7x 2) 0
6x2 7x 2 0
(3x 2)(2x 1) 0
3x 2 0 or 2x 1 0
3x 2
2x 1
x3
(4a 1)(a 2) 7a 5
4a2 8a a 2 7a 5
4a2 9a 2 7a 5
4a2 16a 7 0
(2a 7)(2a 1) 0
2a 7 0 or 2a 1 0
2a 7
2a 1
y3
421
Chapter 9
60. (2k 9) (3k 2) 0

or
2k 9 0
2k 9

2x 3 by x 2
With algebra tiles, you can try various ways to
make a rectangle with the necessary tiles.
Once you make the rectangle, however, the
dimensions of the rectangle are the factors of
the polynomial. In a way, you have to go
through the guess-and-check process whether
you are factoring algebraically or
geometrically (using algebra tiles.)
Guess: (2x 1)(x 3)
The guess is incorrect because one more x tile is
needed to complete the rectangle.
k 2
592, 23 6
3k 2 0
3k 2
2
k 3
61. 12u u2
0 u2 12u
0 u(u 12)
u 0 or u 12 0
u 12
{0, 12}
62. Two points are (2, 83) and (5, 185). Find the slope.
y2 y1
x x x
mx
x x
x x x
1
1
x
x
x
1
1
1
1
x x
1
1
1
1
1
1
54. D;
2p2 p 3 0
(2p 3)(p 1) 0
2p 3 0
2p 3
or
p10
p 1
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
p2
55. B; Solve the equation for h 338.
h 16t2 48t 402
338 16t2 48t 402
0 16t2 48t 64
0 16(t2 3t 4)
0 16(t 1)(t 4)
t10
or t 4 0
t 1
t4
Choose the positive solution. The ball will be
338 feet from the ground after 4 seconds.
Page 500
Chapter 9

y mx b
83 34(2) b
83 68 b
15 b
Write the equation.
y mx b
y 34x 15
42 16 S 116 4
72 49 S 149 7
62 36 S 136 6
52 25 S 125 5
102 100 S 1100 10
112 121 S 1121 11
132 169 S 1169 13
152 225 S 1225 15
Page 500
Practice Quiz 2

x2 14x 72 (x 4)(x 18)
and 14, the pair whose sum is 6.
8p2 6p 35 8p2 20p 14p 35
(8p2 20p) (14p 35)
4p(2p 5) 7(2p 5)
(2p 5) (4p 7)
4 and 20, the pair of factors whose sum
is 24.
16a2 24a 5 16a2 4a 20a 5
(16a2 4a) (20a 5)
4a(4a 1) 5(4a 1)
(4a 1) (4a 5)
4 and 13, the pair of factors whose sum
is 17.
n2 17n 52 (n 4)(n 13)

a2 4a 21 (a m)(a n)
(a 3)(a 7)
57. Among all pairs of positive factors of 2, there is no
pair of factors whose sum is 2. Thus, t2 2t 2
is prime.
d2 15d 44 (d m)(d n)
(d 4)(d 11)
59. (y 4)(5y 7) 0
y 4 0 or 5y 7 0
y4
5y 7
575, 46
x1
185 83
5 2
102
or 34
3
y 5
422

24c2 62c 18 2(12c2 31c 9)
Now factor 12c2 31c 9. Among all pairs of
positive factors of 108, choose 4 and 27, the pair
whose sum is 31.
12c2 31c 9 12c2 4c 27c 9
4c(3c 1) 9(3c 1)
(3c 1)(4c 9)
Thus, 24c2 62c 18 2(3c 1)(4c 9).
3y2 33y 54 3(y2 11y 18)
Now factor y2 11y 18. Since the lead
coefficient is 1, find two factors of 18 whose sum
is 11. The correct factors are 2 and 9.
So, y2 11y 18 (y 2)( y 9).
Thus, 3y2 33y 54 3(y 2)( y 9).
7. b2 14b 32 0
(b 2)(b 16) 0
b 2 0 or b 16 0
b2
b 16
{16, 2}
Check:
b2 14b 32 0
?
256 224 32 0
4 28 32 0
32 32 0
32 32 0
Check:
6a2 25a 14
?
2
2
6 3 2 25 3 14
12
12
4 ? 50
42
619 2 3 3
8
3
Page 501
y 4
y3
Check:
1 2
12
1169 2 214 484 0

27
4
21
4
48 ?

4
00
147
2
Algebra Activity
12y2 7y 12 0
143 22 7143 2 12 0
16
28
36 ?
12 1 9 2 3 3 0
?
12
64
3
28
3
36 ?

3
1. The binomial is the difference of two terms, each

of which is a perfect square.
2. Sample answer: x2 25 x2 52
(x 5)(x 5)
3. Yes, you can use the differences of squares pattern
to factor 3n2 48 after you factor out the GCF.
3n2 48 3(n2 16)
3(n2 42 )
3(n 4) (n 4)
4. Manuel; 4x2 y2 is not the difference of squares.
5. n2 81 n2 92
(n 9) (n 9)
6. 4 9a2 22 (3a) 2
(2 3a) (2 3a)
7. 2x5 98x3 2x3 (x2 49)
2x3 (x2 72 )
2x3 (x 7) (x 7)
4 2y4 2(16x4 y4 )
8. 32x
2[ (4x2 ) 2 (y2 ) 2 ]
2(4x2 y2 ) (4x2 y2 )
2(4x2 y2 ) [ (2x) 2 y2 ]
2(4x2 y2 ) (2x y) (2x y)
2 27 is not the difference of perfect squares,
9. 4t
and 4t2 and 27 have no common factors. Thus
4t2 27 is prime.
10. x3 3x2 9x 27 (x3 3x2 ) (9x 27)
x2 (x 3) 9(x 3)
(x 3) (x2 9)
(x 3) (x2 32 )
(x 3) (x 3) (x 3)
(x 3) (x 3) (x 3)
or (x 3) (x 3) 2
x2 45 18x
x 45 18x 0
x2 18x 45 0
(x 3)(x 15) 0
x 3 0 or x 15 0
x3
x 15
{3, 15}
Check:
x2 45 18x
x2 45 18x
?
?
2
(15) 2 45 18(15)
(3) 45 18(3)
?
?
225 45 270
9 45 54
54 54
270 270
9. 12y2 7y 12 0
(4y 3)(3y 4) 0
or 3y 4 0
4y 3 0
4y 3
3y 4
1 2
147
2
Factoring Differences of Squares
Pages 504505
00
3
3
12 4 2 7 4 12 0
12
12
49 ? 175
28
61 4 2 2 2
6a2 25a 14
?
7
7
6 2 2 25 2 14
1. (a b)(a b)
2. Since a2 b2 and (a b)(a b) describe the
same area, a2 b2 (a b)(a b).
8.
3
9-5
00
12y2 7y 12 0
a2
534, 43 6
a3
523, 72 6
(2) 14(2) 32 0
6a2 25a 14
6a 25a 14 0
(3a 2)(2a 7) 0
3a 2 0 or 2a 7 0
3a 2
2a 7
2
b2 14b 32 0
2
(16) (14)(16) 32 0
?
10.
00
423
Chapter 9
11.
4y2 25
4y 25 0
(2y) 2 52 0
(2y 5)(2y 5) 0
or
2y 5 0
2y 5
Check:
121a 49a3
2y 5 0
2y 5
00
121a
121
4y2 25
1 2 25
4 1 4 2 25
152 22 25
25 ?
4 1 4 2 25
?
5
2 2
25 ?
1331
7
1 1
17 68k2 0
1 2
1 ?
17 68 1 4 2 0
112 22 0
1 ?
17 68 1 4 2 0
13.
Pages 505506
17 17 0
00
x2
x60
x60
or
1
x 6
1 1
x6

Check:
1
x2 36 0
x2 36 0
116 22 361 0
116 22 361 0
1
36
1
36
36 0
00
14.
36 0
00
121a 49a3
49a3 121a 0
a(49a2 121) 0
2
11
a 7
11
The solution set is 7 , 0,
Chapter 9
11
7
72
1 2 2(72)
1 2
x
2
Practice and Apply
26. 8d2 18 2(4d2 9)

2[ (2d) 2 32 ]
2(2d 3) (2d 3)
a[ (7a) 11 ] 0
a(7a 11) (7a 11) 0
or
a 0 or 7a 11 0
a0
7a 11
16. x2 49 x2 72
(x 7)(x 7)
17. n2 36 n2 62
(n 6)(n 6)
18. 81 16k2 is prime.
19. 25 4p2 52 (2p) 2
(5 2p) (5 2p)
20. 16 49h2 49h2 16
(7h) 2 42
(7h 4) (7h 4)
21. 9r2 121 121 9r2
112 (3r) 2
(11 3r) (11 3r)
22. 100c2 d2 (10c) 2 d2
(10c d) (10c d)
23. 9x2 10y2 prime
24. 144a2 49b2 (12a) 2 (7b) 2
(12a 7b) (12a 7b)
2
2
25. 169y 36z (13y) 2 (6z) 2
(13y 6z) (13y 6z)
x2 36 0
116 22 0
1x 16 21x 16 2 0
1331
7
17 17 0
00
x2 144
x 144 0
(x 12)(x 12) 0
or x 12 0
x 12 0
x 12
x 12
Since length cannot be negative, the only reasonable
solution is 12. The square is 12 in. by 12 in.
17 68
17 68k2 0
?
1
17 68 2 2 0
1331
7

Check:
49a3
1 2
x
2
k2
15. The area of the square is x x or x2 square inches,

1
1
and the area of the triangle is 2 x x or 2x2
square inches. Thus, the area of the shaded
1
1
region is x2 2x2 or 2x2 square inches.
25 25
25 25
20
17 68k
12.
17(1 4k2 ) 0
17 [12 (2k) 2 ] 0
17(1 2k)(1 2k) 0
or 1 2k 0
1 2k 0
2k 1
2k 1
k 2
1 2
1331
49 1 49 7 2
1117 2 491117 23
1331 ?
1331
49 1 49 7 2
7

Check:
4y2 25
1331 ?
7
1331 ?
0 49(0)
y2
11 ?
11
121 7 49 7 3
5 5
121(0) 49(0) 3
y 2
121a 49a3
7a 11 0
7a 11
a
27. 3x2 75 3(x2 25)

3(x2 52 )
3(x 5) (x 5)
11
7
28. 8z2 64 8(z2 8)

29. 4g2 50 2(2g2 25)
424
30. 18a4 72a2 18a2 (a2 4)

18a2 (a2 22 )
18a2 (a 2) (a 2)
39.
31. 20x3 45xy2 5x(4x2 9y2 )

5x[ (2x) 2 (3y) 2 ]
5x(2x 3y)(2x 3y)
32. n3 5n2 4n 20
(n3 5n2 ) (4n 20)
n2 (n 5) (4)(n 5)
(n 5)(n2 4)
(n 5)(n2 22 )
(n 5)(n 2)(n 2)
33. (a b) 2 c2 [ (a b) c ] [ (a b) c ]
(a b c) (a b c)
25x2 36
34.
2 36 0
25x
(5x) 2 62 0
(5x 6)(5x 6) 0
or 5x 6 0
5x 6 0
5x 6
5x 6
x
5 6
6
5
x
36.
37.
5 83 6
40.
41.
6
5
2 3n 0
3n 2
43.
n3
44.
5 2a 0
2a 5
5 27 6
5 186
630
or
6
3 6
r 18
r 18
1 2
x 25
4
1 2
x 52
2
0
0
1 2
112x 52112x 52 0
50
1
x
2
or
50
1
x
2
5
5
x 10
12d3 147d 0
3d(4d2 49) 0
3d(2d 7) (2d 7) 0
3d 0 or 2d 7 0
d0
2d 7
572, 0, 72 6
n 3
2d 7 0
2d 7
7
d 2
18n3 50n 0
2n(9n2 25) 0
2n(3n 5) (3n 5) 0
2n 0 or 3n 5 0
n0
3n 5
553, 0, 53 6
or
d2
or
3n 5 0
3n 5
5
n3
x3 4x 12 3x2
x 4x 12 3x2 0
x3 3x2 4x 12 0
3
(x 3x2 ) (4x 12) 0
x2 (x 3) 4(x 3) 0
(x 3) (x2 4) 0
(x 3) (x 2) (x 2) 0
or x 2 0
or x 2 0
x30
x 2
x2
x 3
{3, 2, 2}
3
a2
w2
w 7
13r 22 0
16 3r 2 16 3r 2 0
{10}
or
36 9r2 0
r
3
w2 49 0
5 109 6
42.
w70
p 10
x 10
127 22 0
1w 27 21w 27 2 0
p0
9
1
x
2
a 2
38.
9
10
p 10
1
x
2
n 3
50 8a2 0
2(25 4a2 ) 0
2 [52 (2a) 2 ] 0
2(5 2a)(5 2a) 0
or
5 2a 0
2a 5
or
9
10
630
5 23 6
p0
62
y3
12 27n2 0
3(4 9n2 ) 0
3 [22 (3n) 2 ] 0
3(2 3n)(2 3n) 0
or
2 3n 0
3n 2
1 2 p2 0
1109 p21109 p2 0
p
9y2 64
9y2 64 0
(3y) 2 82 0
(3y 8)(3y 8) 0
or 3y 8 0
3y 8 0
3y 8
3y 8
y 3
p2 0
9
10
6
5
35.
81
100
9 2
10
w70
2
w7
425
Chapter 9
45.
36x 16x3 9x2 4x4

9x2 36x 0
4x
3
2
x(4x 16x 9x 36) 0
x [ (4x3 16x2 ) (9x 36) ] 0
x [4x2 (x 4) 9(x 4) ] 0
x [ (x 4)(4x2 9) ] 0
x(x 4) (2x 3)(2x 3) 0
x 0 or x 4 0 or 2x 3 0 or 2x 3 0
x4
2x 3
2x 3
4
Since length cannot be negative, the only

reasonable solution is 3. The box is 3 in. by 12 in.
by 2 in.
51. The flaw is in line 5. Since a b, a b 0.
Therefore, dividing by a b is dividing by zero,
which is undefined.
52. Answers should include the following:
1 foot
To find the hang time of a student athlete who
attains a maximum height of 1 foot, solve the
equation 4t2 1 0. You can factor the left
side using the difference of squares pattern
since 4t2 is the square of 2t and 1 is the
square of 1. Thus the equation becomes
(2t 1)(2t 1) 0. Using the Zero Product
Property, each factor can be set equal to zero,
1
1
resulting in two solutions, t 2 and t 2.
Since time cannot be negative, the hang time
1
is 2 second.
16x3
x 2
532, 0, 32, 46
x2
46. Use factoring by grouping.

a2 b2 a2 ab ab b2
(a2 ab) (ab b2 )
a(a b) b(a b)
(a b)(a b)
47. Replace b with 3600 in the equation and solve for c.
900c2 b
900c2 3600
2
900c 3600 0
900(c2 4) 0
900(c 2) (c 2) 0
or c 2 0
c20
c 2
c2
Since circumference cannot be negative, the only
reasonable solution is 2 in.
1
53. A; 25b2 1 (5b) 2 1

(5b 1) (5b 1)
(5b 1) (5b 1)
54. Let x represent the length of a side of the larger
square. Then the perimeter of the larger square is
4x in., and the perimeter of the smaller square is
68 4x in. Thus, the length of a side of the
1
smaller square is 4 (68 4x) or 17 x in.
Write an equation for the area between the two
squares.
x2 (17 x) 2 17
2
2
x (17 2(17)(x) x2 ) 17
x2 (289 34x x2 ) 17
x2 289 34x x2 17
34x 289 17
34x 306
x9
The length of a side of the larger square is 9 in.
48. p 2dv2 2dv2

1
2d v21 v22
1
2d(v v )(v v )
1
2
1
2
49. Replace d with 54 in the equation and solve for s.
24
1 2
s
24
1 2
s
24
1 2
s
24
d
54
2 24(54)
s 1296
s2 1296 0
s2 362 0
(s 36) (s 36) 0
or s 36 0
s 36 0
s 36
s 36
Since speed cannot be negative, the only
reasonable answer is 36. The car that left the
54-foot skid marks was traveling approximately
36 mph when the brakes were applied.
50. The volume of the box is x(x 9)(x 1).
x(x 9) (x 1) 72
x(x2 x 9x 9) 72
x(x2 8x 9) 72
3 8x2 9x 72 0
x
x2 (x 8) 9(x 8) 0
(x 8)(x2 9) 0
(x 8)(x 3) (x 3) 0
or x 3 0
or x 3 0
x80
x 8
x 3
x3
Chapter 9
Page 506
55. Among all pairs of positive factors of 14, there are

no pairs whose sum is 5. Thus, 2n2 5n 7 is
prime.
3 and 8, the pair whose sum is 11.
6x2 11x 4 6x2 3x 8x 4
3x(2x 1) 4(2x 1)
(2x 1) (3x 4)
35, the pair whose sum is 29.
21p2 29p 10 21p2 6p 35p 10
3p(7p 2) 5(7p 2)
(7p 2) (3p 5)
58. y2 18y 32 0
( y 2)( y 16) 0
or y 16 0
y20
y 2
y 16
{16, 2}
426
k2 8k 15
k 8k 15 0
(k 3)(k 5) 0
k 3 0 or k 5 0
k3
k5
{3, 5}
60.
b2 8 2b
2 8 2b 0
b
b2 2b 8 0
(b 2)(b 4) 0
or b 4 0
b20
b4
b 2
{2, 4}
61. Let x represent Amys score on the fourth biology
test. Her average must be between 88 and 92,
inclusive.
Page 507
59.
88
88
88
4(88)
88 90 91 x
92
4
269 x
92
4
269 x
269 x
and
4
4
269 x
269 x
4
4
4
4
9-6
92
Page 512
2 4(92)
63. 5 10r 7 2
10r 7 7
7
10
6
10
8
10
12
10
5.
6.
7.
8.
14
10
64. 13x 3 6 23
13x 6 26
x 6 2
6
4
2
x3 5x2 4x 20 x2 (x 5) 4(x 5)
(x 5) (x2 4)
(x 5) (x 2) (x 2)
4. Yes;
The first term is a perfect square: y2.
The last term is a perfect square: 42.
The middle term is 2(y)(4) or 8y.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
4
10
Perfect Squares and Factoring
1. Determine if the first term is a perfect square.

Then determine if the last term is a perfect
square. Finally, check to see if the middle term is
equal to twice the product of the square roots of
the first and last terms.
2. Never; (a b)2 a2 2ab b2
3. Sample answer: x3 5x2 4x 20
269 x 368
352 269 x
x 99
83 x
83 x 99
Her test score must be between 83 and 99, inclusive.
62. 6 3d 12
18 3d
6d
r 7
Reading Mathematics
1. (1) explains how to factor a perfect square

trinomial; (2) summarizes methods used to factor
polynomials; (3) explains how to solve equations
involving perfect squares using the Square Root
Property
2. GCF, perfect square trinomial; x2 bx c,
ax2 bx c
3. a greatest common factor
4. For any number n, where n is positive, the square
of x equals n, then x equals plus or minus the
square root of n. This property can be applied to
the equation (a 4)2 49 since the variable
x a 4 and n 49 in the equation x2 n.
9.
65. (x 1)(x 1) (x 1) 2
x2 2x(1) 12
x2 2x 1
66. (x 6)(x 6) (x 6) 2
x2 2x(6) 62
x2 12x 36
67. (x 8) 2 x2 2x(8) 82
x2 16x 64
10.
y2 8y 16 y2 2(y) (4) 42
(y 4) 2
No; the last term, 10, is not a perfect square.
2x2 18 2(x2 9)
c2 5c 6 (c 3) (c 2)
5a3 80a 5a(a2 16)
5a(a 4) (a 4)
2
8x 18x 35 8x2 28x 10x 35
4x(2x 7) 5(2x 7)
(2x 7) (4x 5)
There is no pair of factors of 36 whose sum is 12.
9g2 12g 4 is prime.
11. 3m3 2m2n 12m 8n

m2 (3m 2n) 4(3m 2n)
(3m 2n) (m2 4)
(3m 2n) (m 2) (m 2)
68. (3x 4) (3x 4) (3x 4) 2

(3x) 2 2(3x)(4) 42
9x2 24x 16
2
2
69. (5x 2) (5x) 2(5x)(2) 22
25x2 20x 4
70. (7x 3) 2 (7x) 2 2(7x)(3) 32
49x2 42x 9
427
Chapter 9
12.
4y2 24y 36 0
4(y2 6y 9) 0
2 2(y)(3) 32 ] 0
4[ y
4(y 3) 2 0
y30
y 3
{3}
Ignore the negative solution. It took about

3.35 seconds for the objects to hit the ground.
Pages 512514
4y2 24y 36 0
Check:
4(3) 2 24(3) 36 0
?
36 72 36 0
00
13.
3n2 48
3n2 48 0
3(n2 16) 0
3(n 4)(n 4) 0
or n 4 0
n40
n4
n 4
{4, 4}
Check:
3n2 48
3n2 48
?
2
48
3(4) 2 48
3(4)
48 48
48 48
14.
a2 6a 9 16
a2 2(a) (3) 32 16
(a 3) 2 16
a 3 116
a 3 4
a3 4
a 3 4 or a 3 4
1
7
{1, 7}
Check:
a2 6a 9 16
?
(1) 2 6(1) 9 16
16 16
a2 6a 9 16
?
72 6(7) 9 16
16 16
2
15. (m 5) 13
m 5 113
m 5 113
{5 113} or {1.4, 8.6}
(m 5) 2 13
?
(5 113 5) 2 13
?
( 113) 2 13
13 13
(m 5) 2 13
?
(5 113 5) 2 13
?
(113) 2 13
13 13
16. Let h 0 and h0 180 and solve for t.
h 16t2 h0
x
1
2
3
4
5
Check:
Area
16
1
36
121
256
Perimeter
16
4
24
44
64
If the pattern in the table continues, the perimeter

will continue to get larger for increasing positive
integer values of x. The least perimeter is
4 meters.
25. 4k2 100 4(k2 25)
4(k 5) (k 5)
26. 9x2 3x 20 9x2 15x 12x 20
3x(3x 5) 4(3x 5)
(3x 5) (3x 4)
27. x2 + 6x 9 is prime.
0 16t2 180
16t2 180
t2 11.25
t 111.25
t 3.35
Chapter 9
Practice and Apply
17. No; the middle term is not 2(x)(9).

18. Yes;
The first term is a perfect square: a2.
The third term is a perfect square: 122.
The middle term is 2(a)(12).
a2 24a 144 a2 2(a) (12) 122
(a 12) 2
19. Yes;
The first term is a perfect square: (2y)2.
The middle term is 2(2y)(11).
4y2 44y 121 (2y) 2 2(2y)(11) 112
(2y 11) 2
20. No; the first term, 2c2, is not a perfect square.
21. 9n2 49 42n 9n2 42n 49
Yes;
The first term is a perfect square: (3n)2.
The middle term is 2(3n)(7).
9n2 42n 49 (3n) 2 2(3n) (7) 72
(3n 7) 2
22. Yes;
The first term is a perfect square: (5a)2.
The third term is a perfect square: (12b)2.
The middle term is 2(5a)(12b).
25a2 120ab 144b2
(5a) 2 2(5a)(12b) (12b) 2
(5a 12b) 2
23. To find the radius of the circle, write the
expression for the area in the form r2.
(16x2 80x 100)
[ (4x) 2 2(4x) (10) 102 ]
(4x 10) 2
The radius is 4x 10 inches, so the diameter is
2(4x 10) or 8x 20 inches.
24. Make a table.
428
28. 50g2 40g 8 2(25g2 20g 4)

2[ (5g) 2 2(5g)(2) 22 ]
2(5g 2) 2
3
2
29. 9t 66t 48t 3t(3t2 22t 16)
3t(3t2 2t 24t 16)
3t [t(3t 2) 8(3t 2) ]
3t(3t 2)(t 8)
30. 4a2 36b2 4(a2 9b2 )
4[ a2 (3b) 2 ]
4(a 3b) (a 3b)
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
20n2
The length s must be positive. The expression

7
4x 7 is positive when x 7 4 and 7 4x is
7
positive when x 6 4. Write two expressions for
the area of the rectangle.
7
If x 7 4, s 4x 7.
11 2
A (s 3) 2 s
31
[ (4x 7) 3] 2 (4x 7)
(4x 4)
1
(4x
2
7)
(2x 2) (4x 7)
8x2 14x 8x 14
8x2 22x 14 in2
2(10n2
34n 6
17n 3)
2(10n2 15n 2n 3)
2[5n(2n 3) (2n 3) ]
2(2n 3)(5n 1)
5y2 90 5(y2 18)
24x3 78x2 45x 3x(8x2 26x 15)
3x(8x2 6x 20x 15)
3x [2x(4x 3) 5(4x 3) ]
3x(4x 3)(2x 5)
18y2 48y 32 2(9y2 24y 16)
2[ (3y) 2 2(3y)(4) 42 ]
2(3y 4) 2
2 75 27g2 90g 75
90g 27g
3(9g2 30g 25)
3[ (3g) 2 2(3g)(5) 52 ]
3(3g 5) 2
2
45c 32cd c(45c 32d)
4a3 3a2b2 8a 6b2
a2 (4a 3b2 ) 2(4a 3b2 )
(4a 3b2 )(a2 2)
5a2 7a 6b2 4b is prime.
x2y2 y2 z2 x2z2
y2 (x2 1) z2 (1 x2 )
y2 (x2 1) z2 (x2 1)
(x2 1)(y2 z2 )
(x 1)(x 1)(y2 z2 )
4m4n 6m3n 16m2n2 24mn2
2mn(2m3 3m2 8mn 12n)
2mn [m2 (2m 3) 4n(2m 3) ]
If x 6 4, s 7 4x.
11 2
A (s 3) 2 s
31
[ (7 4x) 3] 2 (7 4x)
(10 4x)
1
(7
2
4x)
(5 2x) (7 4x)
35 20x 14x 8x2
8x2 34x 35 in2
43.
3x2 24x 48 0
3(x2 8x 16) 0
2
3[x 2(x) (4) 42 ] 0
3(x 4) 2 0
x40
x 4
{4}
44.
7r2 70r 175
2 70r 175 0
7r
7(r2 10r 25) 0
7[r2 2(r) (5) 52 ] 0
7(r 5) 2 0
r50
r5
{5}
45.
49a2 16 56a
2
49a 56a 16 0
(7a) 2 2(7a) (4) 42 0
(7a 4) 2 0
7a 4 0
7a 4
2mn(2m 3) (m2 4n)

41. Factor the polynomial.
x3y 63y2 7x2 9xy3
x3y 9xy3 7x2 63y2
xy(x2 9y2 ) 7(x2 9y2 )
(x2 9y2 )(xy 7)
(x 3y)(x 3y)(xy 7)
The dimensions are x 3y m, x 3y m, and
xy 7 m.
42. Express the polynomial for the area of the square
in the form s2.
16x2 56x 49 (4x) 2 2(4x)(7) 72
(4x 7) 2
or
16x2 56x 49 49 56x 16x2
72 2(7)(4x) (4x) 2
(7 4x) 2
46.
547 6
18y2 24y 8 0
2(9y2 12y 4) 0
2 2(3y) (2) 22 ] 0
2[ (3y)
2(3y 2) 2 0
3y 2 0
3y 2
523 6
429
a7
y 3
Chapter 9
y2 3y 9 0
47.
y2 2(y)
55. B 16 (D2 8D 16)
113 2 113 22 0
1y 13 22 0
B 16 [D2 2(D)(4) 42 ]
L
B 16 (D 4) 2
56. Replace B with 256 and L with 16 and solve
for D.
y30
56
y3
16
256 16 (D 4) 2
1
3
48.
a2 5a 25 0
a2 2(a)
125 2 125 22 0
1a 25 22 0
2
a50
525 6
a 5
z2 2z 1 16
z 2(z)(1) 12 16
(z 1) 2 16
z 1 116
z 1 4
z 1 4
z 1 4 or
3
{5, 3}
50.
x2 10x 25 81
2 2(x)(5) 52 81
x
(x 5) 2 81
x 5 181
x 5 9
x 5 9
x 5 9 or
4
{14, 4}
51. (y 8) 2 7
y 8 17
49.
57.
z 1 4
5
58.
x 5 9
14
59.
y 8 17
{8 17} or {5.4, 10.6}
52. (w 3) 2 2
w 3 12
w 3 12
{3 12} or {4.4, 1.6}
53.
p2 2p 1 6
2 2(p) (1) 12 6
p
(p 1) 2 6
p 1 16
p 1 16
{1 16} or {3.4, 1.4}
54.
x2 12x 36 11
2 2(x)(6) 62 11
x
(x 6) 2 11
x 6 111
x 6 111
{6 111} or {2.7, 9.3}
Chapter 9
60.
256 (D 4) 2
1256 D 4
16 D 4
4 16 D
D 4 16 or D 4 16
20
12
Since diameter must be positive, 20 is the only
reasonable solution. The logs should be 20 inches
in diameter.
Let h 0 and t 3. Solve for s.
h 16t2 s
0 16(3) 2 s
0 16(9) s
0 144 s
144 s
The starting height of the car should be at least
144 feet.
Let h 0 and s 160. Solve for t.
h 16t2 s
0 16t2 160
16t2 160
t2 10
t 110 or 3.16
Ignore the negative solution. The riders will be in
free fall about 3.16 seconds.
h 16t2 vt s
70 16t2 64t 6
0 16t2 64t 64
0 16(t2 4t 4)
0 16[ t2 2(t)(2) 22 ]
0 16(t 2) 2
0t2
2t
Yes; the acrobat will reach a height of 70 feet
after 2 seconds.
x2 kx 64 x2 kx 82
This will be a perfect square trinomial if
kx 2(x)(8) or k 16x. Thus, k can be
16 or 16.
61. 4x2 kx 1 (2x) 2 kx 12

kx 2(2x)(1) or kx 4x. Thus, k can be
4 or 4.
62. 25x2 kx 49 (5x) 2 kx 72
kx 2(5x)(7) or kx 70x. Thus, k can be
70 or 70.
63. x2 8x k x2 2(x) (4) k
This would be a perfect square trinomial if k 42
or 16.
430
64. x2 18x k x2 2(x)(9) k

This would be a perfect square trinomial if
k 92 or 81.
65. x2 20x k x2 2(x)(10) k
This would be a perfect square trinomial if
k 102 or 100.
The length of each side of the pavilion is
8 x x or 8 2x feet. Thus, the area of the
pavilion is (8 2x)2 square feet. This area
includes the 80 square feet of bricks and the
82 or 64-square-foot piece of art, for a total
area of 144 square feet. These two
representations of the area of the pavilion
must be equal, so we can write the equation
(8 2x)2 144.
(8 2x) 2 144
Original
equation
Square Root
8 2x 12
Property
8 2x 12 or 8 2x 12 Separate into
two equations.
2x 4
2x 20 Solve each
equation.
x2
x 10
Since length cannot be negative, the border
should be 2 feet wide.
67. C; Solve the equation.
205 16t2
205
16
71.
72.
73.
74.
597, 97 6
8k2 22k 6 0
2(4k2 11k 3) 0
2(4k2 12k k 3) 0
2[4k(k 3) (k 3) ] 0
2(k 3) (4k 1) 0
or 4k 1 0
k30
k 3
4k 1
1
k4
53, 14 6
12w2 23w 5
12w 23w 5 0
12w2 20w 3w 5 0
4w(3w 5) (3w 5) 0
(3w 5) (4w 1) 0
or 4w 1 0
3w 5 0
3w 5
4w 1
5
553, 14 6
w 4
6z2 7 17z
6z 17z 7 0
6z2 14z 3z 7 0
2z(3z 7) (3z 7) 0
(3z 7) (2z 1) 0
3z 7 0 or 2z 1 0
3z 7
2z 1
512, 73 6
68. D; Since
represents the
2ab
principal square root of a2 2ab b2, its value
cannot be negative. Thus, a b 0 or a b.
4
3
y 4 2x 2
y 2x 2 4
y 2x 2
2
76. The slope of y 3x 7 is 3. The slope of any

3
y y1 m(x x1 )
3
y 7 2 [ x (4) ]
3x 4 0
3x 4
x
z2
y y1 m(x x1 )
1
y 4 2 (x 1)
9x2 16 0
(3x 4)(3x 4) 0
or
3x 4 0
3x 4
z3
75. The slope of y 2x 1 is 2. The slope of any line

1
perpendicular to it is 2.

69.
s2 25
2 25 0
s
(s 5)(s 5) 0
or s 5 0
s50
s 5
s5
{ 5, 5}
543, 43 6
m7
b2
x
m 7
w 3
t2
2a2
70.
7m 9 0
7m 9
12.8125 t2
112.8125 t
3.6 t
Ignore the negative solution; it will take about
3.6 seconds.
Page 514
49m2 81
49m 81 0
(7m 9)(7m 9) 0
or
7m 9 0
7m 9
2
y 7 2 (x 4)
4
3
y 7 2x 6
3
y 2x 6 7
3
y 2 x 13
431
Chapter 9
77. Let x represent the horizontal change.

slope
1
2
21. 20n2 2 2 5 n n
25np5 5 5 n p p p p p
GCF: 5n
22. 60x2y2 2 2 3 5 x x y y
35xz3 5 7 x z z z
GCF: 5x
23. 13x 26y 13(x) 13(2y)
13(x 2y)
2
2
24. 24a b 18ab 6ab(4ab) 6ab(3)
6ab(4ab 3)
25. 26ab 18ac 32a2 2a(13b) 2a(9c) 2a(16a)
vertical change
horizontal change
1015
x
1(x) 2(1015)
x 2030
The horizontal change is 2030 feet.
78. 17
13
9
5

4
4
4
Add 4 three more times. The next three terms

are 1, 3, and 7.
79. 5 4.5
4 3.5
2a(13b 9c 16a)

0.5
0.5
0.5
26. a 4ac ab 4bc (a2 4ac) (ab 4bc)

a(a 4c) b(a 4c)
(a 4c) (a b)
27. 4rs 12ps 2mr 6mp
2(2rs 6ps mr 3mp)
2[ (2rs 6ps) (mr 3mp) ]
2[2s(r 3p) m(r 3p) ]
2(r 3p)(2s m)
28. 24am 9an 40bm 15bn
(24am 9an) (40bm 15bn)
3a(8m 3n) 5b(8m 3n)
(8m 3n)(3a 5b)
29. x(2x 5) 0
x 0 or 2x 5 0
2x 5
Add 0.5 three more times. The next three terms

are 3, 2.5, and 2.
80. 45
54
63
72

9
9
9
Add 9 three more times. The next three terms are

81, 90 and 99.

Page 515
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
false;
true
false;
true
false;
false;
true
false;
true
true

composite
sample answer: 64
24 3
difference of squares
50, 52 6
30. (3n 8)(2n 6) 0

3n 8 0
3n 8
sample answer: x2 2x 2
Pages 515518
11. 28 2 14
12. 33 3 11
2 2 7 or 22 7
13. 150 2 75
14. 301 7 43
2 3 25
2 3 5 5 or 2 3 52
15. 83 1 83
16. 378 1 378
1 2 189
1 2 3 63
1 2 3 3 21
1 2 3 3 3 7
or 1 2 33 7
17. 35 5 7
18. 12 2 2 3
18 2 3 3
30 2 3 5
GCF: 5
40 2 2 2 5
GCF: 2
19. 12ab 2 2 3 a b
4a2b2 2 2 a a b b
GCF: 2 2 a b or 4ab
20. 16mrt 2 2 2 2 m r t
30mr2 2 3 5 m r r
GCF 2mr
Chapter 9
x2
31.
8
3,
or
2n 6 0
2n 6
n 3
4x2 7x
7x 0
x(4x 7) 0
x 0 or
n3
4x2
4x 7 0
4x 7
7
574, 06
x 4
32. Find a pair of factors of 12 whose sum is 7:

3 and 4.
y2 7y 12 (y 3)(y 4)
12 and 3.
x2 9x 36 (x 12)(x 3)
6 and 1.
b2 5b 6 (b 6)(b 1)
35. 18 9r r2 r2 9r 18
Find a pair of factors of 18 whose sum is 9:
3 and 6.
18 9r r2 (r 3)(r 6)
432
36. Find a pair of factors of 40x2 whose sum is 6x:

10x and 4x.
a2 6ax 40x2 (a 10x)(a 4x)
37. Find a pair of factors of 32n2 whose sum is 4n:
4n and 8n.
m2 4mn 32n2 (m 4n)(m 8n)
38. y2 13y 40 0
( y 8)( y 5) 0
or y 5 0
y80
y 8
y 5
{8, 5}
39.
x2 5x 66 0
(x 11) (x 6) 0
or x 6 0
x 11 0
x 11
x 6
{6, 11}
40.
m2 m 12 0
(m 4)(m 3) 0
m 4 0 or m 3 0
m4
m 3
{3, 4}
41. There are no pairs of factors of 6 whose sum
is 9. 2a2 9a 3 is prime.
3 and 16.
48.
49.
a3
52, 73 6
40x2 2x 24
40x 2x 24 0
2(20x2 x 12) 0
2(20x2 16x 15x 12) 0
2[4x(5x 4) 3(5x 4) ] 0
2(5x 4) (4x 3) 0
or 4x 3 0
5x 4 0
5x 4
4x 3
2
x 5
545, 34 6
x4
50. 2y3 128y 2y( y2 64)

2y( y 8) ( y 8)
51. 9b2 20 is prime.
1
112n22 134r22
1
3
1
3
1 2n 4r 21 2n 4r 2
52. 4n2 16r2

53.
b2 16 0
(b 4)(b 4) 0
b40
or b 4 0
b 4
b4
{4, 4}
54.
25 9y2 0
(5 3y)(5 3y) 0
5 3y 0
or 5 3y 0
3y 5
5 3y
2m2 13m 24 2m2 3m 16m 24

(2m2 3m) (16m 24)
m(2m 3) 8(2m 3)
(2m 3)(m 8)
10 and 10.
25r2 20r 4 25r2 10r 10r 4
(25r2 10r) (10r 4)
5r(5r 2) 2(5r 2)
(5r 2)(5r 2)
44. There are no pairs of factors of 18 whose sum is 7.
6z2 7z 3 is prime.
45. Find a pair of factors of 72 whose sum is 17: 8 and 9.
12b2 17b 6 12b2 8b 9b 6
(12b2 8b) (9b 6)
4b(3b 2) 3(3b 2)
(3b 2)(4b 3)
46. 3n2 6n 45 3(n2 2n 15)
Now factor n2 2n 15. Find a pair of factors of
15 whose sum is 2: 5 and 3.
n2 2n 15 (n 5)(n 3)
Thus, 3n2 6n 45 3(n 5)(n 3).
47.
2r2 3r 20 0
2 8r 5r 20 0
2r
2r(r 4) 5(r 4) 0
(r 4)(2r 5) 0
r 4 0 or 2r 5 0
r4
2r 5
552, 46
3a2 13a 14 0
3a 6a 7a 14 0
3a(a 2) 7(a 2) 0
(a 2) (3a 7) 0
a 2 0 or 3a 7 0
a2
3a 7
2
55.
5
3
y 3
5 5
3, 3
y
16a2 81 0
(4a 9)(4a 9) 0
or 4a 9 0
4a 9 0
4a 9
4a 9
a 4
594, 94 6
a4
56. a2 18a 81 a2 2(a) (9) 92

(a 9) 2
2
57. 9k 12k 4 (3k) 2 2(3k) (2) 22
(3k 2) 2
2
58. 4 28r 49r 22 2(2) (7r) (7r) 2
(2 7r) 2
2
59. 32n 80n 50 2(16n2 40n 25)
2[ (4n) 2 2(4n) (5) 52 ]
2(4n 5) 2
r 2
433
Chapter 9
10. 25y2 49w2 (5y) 2 (7w) 2

(5y 7w) (5y 7w)
2
11. t 16t 64 t2 2(t) (8) 82
(t 8) 2
2
12. x 14x 24
Find two numbers whose product is 24 and whose
sum is 14: 12 and 2.
x2 14x 24 (x 12)(x 2)
13. 28m2 18m 2m(14m 9)
14. a2 11ab 18b2
Find two numbers whose product is 18b2 and
whose sum is 11b: 2b and 9b.
a2 11ab 18b2 (a 2b)(a 9b)
15. 12x2 23x 24 12x2 9x 32x 24
3x(4x 3) 8(4x 3)
(4x 3) (3x 8)
16. 2h2 3h 18 is prime.
17. 6x3 15x2 9x 3x(2x2 5x 3)
3x(2x2 6x x 3)
3x[ 2x(x 3) (x 3) ]
3x(x 3) (2x 1)
18. 64p2 63p 16 is prime.
19. 2d2 d 1 2d2 2d d 1
2d(d 1) (d 1)
(d 1) (2d 1)
20. 36a2b3 45ab4 9ab3(4a 5b)
21. 36m2 60mn 25n2 (6m) 2 2(6m) (5n) (5n) 2

60.
6b3 24b2 24b 0
6b(b2 4b 4) 0
2
6b(b 2(b) (2) 22 ) 0
6b(b 2) 2 0
6b 0 or b 2 0
b0
b2
{0, 2}
61.
49m2 126m 81 0
(7m) 2 2(7m)(9) 92 0
(7m 9) 2 0
7m 9 0
7m 9
9
m7
597 6
62. (c 9) 2 144
c 9 1144
c 9 12
c 9 12
c 9 12 or c 9 12
c 21
c 3
{3, 21}
63. 144b2 36
36
b2 144
1
b2 4
1
b 2
512 6
(6m 5n) 2
22. a2 4 a2 22
(a 2)(a 2)
23. 4my 20m 3py 15p 4m( y 5) 3p( y 5)
(y 5)(4m 3p)
2
24. 15a b 5a 10a 5a(3ab a 2)

25. 6y2 5y 6 6y2 9y 4y 6
3y(2y 3) 2(2y 3)
(2y 3) (3y 2)
26. 4s2 100t2 4(s2 25t2 )
4(s 5t) (s 5t)
3 4x2 9x 36 x2 (x 4) 9(x 4)
27. x
(x 4) (x2 9)
(x 4) (x 3) (x 3)
28. area of shaded area of large area of small
region
rectangle
rectangle
(x 6) (y 6) xy
xy 6x 6y 36 xy
6x 6y 36
6(x y 6)
29. area of shaded area of square area of circles
region
(4r) 2 4(r2 )
16r2 4r2
4r2 (4 )
Page 519
1. Sample answer: 7; Its only factors are 1 and itself.
2. Sample answer: n2 100
n2 100 n2 102
(n 10)(n 10)
3. Check for a GCF other than 1 and factor it out.
4. 63 3 21
3 3 7 or 32 7
5. 81 3 27
6. 210 1 210
339
1 2 105
3 3 3 3 or 34
1 2 3 35
1 2 3 5 7
7. 48 2 2 2 2 3
64 2 2 2 2 2 2
GCF: 2 2 2 2 or 16
8. 28 2 2 7
75 3 5 5
GCF: 1; 28 and 75 are relatively prime.
9. 18a2b2 2 3 3 a a b b
28a3b2 2 2 7 a a a b b
GCF: 2 a a b b or 2a2b2
Chapter 9
434
38. Let x represent the amount of the increase. Write

an equation for the area of the new rectangle.
(4 x) (7 x) 28 26
28 4x 7x x2 54
x2 11x 28 54
x2 11x 26 0
(x 13) (x 2) 0
or x 2 0
x 13 0
x 13
x2
Ignore the negative solution. Thus, 2 inches are
added to each dimension of the rectangle. The
new rectangle is 6 in. by 9 in.
39. Let x represent the width of the sidewalk. Write
an equation for the area of the remaining lawn.
(24 2x) (32 2x) 425
768 48x 64x 4x2 425
4x2 112x 768 425
4x2 112x 343 0
4x2 14x 98x 343 0
2x(2x 7) 49(2x 7) 0
(2x 7) (2x 49) 0
or 2x 49 0
2x 7 0
2x 7
2x 49

30. (4x 3)(3x 2) 0
4x 3 0 or 3x 2 0
4x 3
3x 2
3
x4
523, 34 6
x 3
31. 18s2 72s 0

18s(s 4) 0
18s 0 or s 4 0
s0
s 4
{4, 0}
4x2 36
32.
2 36 0
4x
4(x2 9) 0
4(x 3)(x 3) 0
or x 3 0
x30
x 3
x3
{3, 3}
t2 25 10t
33.
2 10t 25 0
t
t2 2(t)(5) 52 0
(t 5) 2 0
t50
t5
{5}
34.
a2 9a 52 0
(a 13) (a 4) 0
or a 4 0
(a 13) 0
a 13
a 4
{4, 13}
35. x3 5x2 66x 0
x(x2 5x 66) 0
x(x 11)(x 6) 0
or x 6 0
x 0 or x 11 0
x 11
x 6
{6, 0, 11}
x 2 or 3.5
2x2 9x 5
2x 9x 5 0
2x2 10x x 5 0
2x(x 5) (x 5) 0
(x 5)(2x 1) 0
x 5 0 or 2x 1 0
x5
2x 1
37.
98
1 2 2(98)

Pages 520521
x 2
1. A; The line passes through the points (5, 0) and

(0, 3).
3 0
(5)
m0
3b2 6 11b
2 11b 6 0
3b
3b2 9b 2b 6 0
3b(b 3) 2(b 3) 0
(b 3)(3b 2) 0
b 3 0 or 3b 2 0
b3
3b 2
523, 36
1 2
x
2
1 2
x
2
x2 196
x 1196
x 14
Ignore the negative solution. Thus, the square is
14 meters by 14 meters.
or 24.5
x2 2x2 98
1
2,
49
2
The walk cannot be 24.5 feet wide since this is

wider than the original lawn. Thus, the sidewalk
is 3.5 feet wide.
40. Write an equation for the shaded part of the
square.
36.
x
or 5
3
The equation is y 5x 3.

2. D; Use (12, 176) and (18, 224) to find the slope
(price per ticket).
m
b3
224 176
18 12
48
or 8
6
Since the band initially had $80, the intercept

is 80. The equation is a 8t 80.
435
Chapter 9
Shade the half plane that contains (0, 0).
3. A; The slope of the boundary line is 3; this

eliminates answer choices C and D. Test (0, 0) in
answer choice B.
y 3x 1
0
1
(0)
3
xy3
1
O
0 1 false
Since (0, 0) is part of the shaded region but not a
solution of B, we can eliminate B. This leaves
only answer choice A.
4. D; The total was 258.
n f 258
Twice as many bags were sold today as last
Friday.
n 2f
5. B; 5.387 103 0.005387
6. C;
16x8
8x4
12. Let a represent the number of adult tickets sold

and c represent the number of child tickets.
Write an equation for the total number of tickets.
a c 145
Write an equation for the total receipts.
7.50a 4c 790
Solve the first equation for c.
a c 145
c 145 a
Substitute 145 a for c in the second equation.
7.50a 4c 790
7.50a 4(145 a) 790
7.50a 580 4a 790
3.5a 580 790
3.5a 210
a 60
The theater sold 60 adult tickets.
13. 3x y 8
4x 2y 14
Multiply the first equation by 2. Then add.
6x 2y 16
() 4x 2y 14
10x
30
x3
Use 3x y 8 to find y.
3x y 8
3(3) y 8
9y8
y 1
14. (x t)x (x t)y (x t) (x y)
15. Let n be the first odd integer. Then n 2 is the
next odd integer.
n(n 2) 195
n2 2n 195
2 2n 195 0
n
(n 15)(n 13) 0
or n 13 0
n 15 0
n 15
n 13
When n 15, n 2 15 2 or 13.
When n 13, n 2 13 2 or 15. The integers
are 15 and 13 or 13 and 15.
1168 21xx 2
8
4
84
7.
2x
2x4
3x2 48 0
A;
3(x2 16) 0
3(x 4)(x 4) 0
or x 4 0
x40
x 4
x4
2 3x 8 6x 6
D;
x
x2 9x 14 0
(x 2)(x 7) 0
x 2 0 or x 7 0
x2
x7
B; Factor the expression for the area.
12x2 21x 6 3(4x2 7x 2)
3(4x2 8x x 2)
3 [4x(x 2) (x 2) ]
3(x 2)(4x 1)
The width is 3x 6 or 3(x 2). Thus, the length
is 4x 1.
6 0x 2 0 18
8.
9.
10.
1
[ 6 0x
6
2 0 ] 6 (18)
1
0x 2 0 3
x 2 3 or x 2 3
x5
x 1
Both 5 and 1 make the equation true.
11. x y 3
Graph the boundary as a solid line since the
inequality includes equal. Test the point (0, 0).
xy3
003
0 3 true
Chapter 9
436
16.
21. B; 3x y 5
x 3y 6
2x2 5x 12 0
2x 8x 3x 12 0
2x(x 4) 3(x 4) 0
(x 4)(2x 3) 0
x40
or 2x 3 0
x 4
2x 3
2
Solve the second equation for x.

x 3y 6
x 3y 6
Substitute 3y 6 for x in the first equation.
3x y 5
3(3y 6) y 5
9y 18 y 5
8y 18 5
8y 13
x2
54, 32 6
17. 2x2 7x 3 2x2 6x x 3

2x(x 3) (x 3)
(x 3)(2x 1)
18. C; 0x 0 0y 0 015 0 07 0
15 7
8
0x y 0 015 (7) 0
015 7 0
08 0
8
13
y 8
2a 3b 3
a 4b 24
Solve the second equation for a.
a 4b 24
a 24 4b
Substitute 24 4b for a in the first equation.
2a 3b 3
2(24 4b) 3b 3
48 8b 3b 3
48 11b 3
11b 51
19. B; 3x 27 39
2
x
3
3 2
x
2 3
66
1 2 32 (66)
51
b 11
x 99
3
y
4
51
55 20
3
y
4
4 3
y
3 4
75
13
22. C; The GCF of 2x3, 6x2, and 8x is 2x.

The GCF of 18x3, 14x2, and 4x is 2x.
23a. Since the area is 28 square yards, the width is 3
yards less than the length, so the width is
L 3. Thus, L(L 3) 28.
23b. Write an equation for the area and solve for L.
L(L 3) 28
L2 3L 28 0
(L 7)(L 4) 0
L 7 0 or L 4 0
L7
L 4
Ignore the negative solution. The length is
7 yards.
23c. Find the perimeter. Since the length is 7 yd, the
width is 7 3 or 4 yd.
P 2(7) 2(4) or 22
y 100
The quantity in Column B is greater.
20. A; The line appears to pass through (0, 2) and
(2, 1).
1 (2)
2 0
51
11
Since 11 7 8 , the quantity in Column B is

greater.
1 2 43 (75)
m
or
or 2
2
A line perpendicular to it has slope 3.

y y1 m(x x1 )
2
y (4) 3 (x 6)
2
y 4 3x 4
2
y 3x
This line passes through (0, 0). Its x-intercept
is 0. Since the x-intercept of the given line is
between 1 and 2, the quantity in Column A is
greater.
He will need 22 yd of fencing.
437
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Page 523
Quadratic and Exponential Functions

6. Sample answer:
Getting Started
1. Sample answer:
x
6
4
2
0
2
y
1
1
3
5
7
x
5
0
y
yx5
y
0
2
5y 10 2x
7. Sample answer:
2. Sample answer:
x
0
1
2
3
x
6
4
2
0
2
y
3
1
1
3
y
0
1
2
3
4
x 2y 6
y 2x 3
8. Sample answer:
3. Sample answer:
x
4
2
0
2
4
y
1
0
1
2
3
x
1
1
3
y
y 0.5x 1
4. Sample answer:
49 72
14a 2(a) (7)
a2 14a 49 (a 7) 2
11. No; 81 is not a perfect square.
13. Yes;
9b2 (3b) 2
y 3x 2
5. Sample answer:
y
4
2
0
1 12
6b 2(3b) (1)
9b2 6b 1 (3b 1) 2
14. No; 6x2 is not a perfect square.
15. Yes;
4p2 (2p) 2
9 32
12p 2(2p) (3)
4p2 12p 9 (2p 3) 2
2x 3y 12
Chapter 10
t2 (t) 2
36 62
12 2(t) (6)
t2 12t 36 (t 6) 2
10. Yes;
a2 (a) 2
y
4
1
2
x
0
3
6
3x 2y 9
9. Yes;
x
2
1
0
y
6
3
0
438
16. Yes;
The lowest point on the graph is (3, 1). The

vertex is (3, 1).
2. The fold line is a vertical line on which each point
has x-coordinate 3. The equation is x 3.
3. The vertex, (3, 1), lies on the fold line.
4. Sample answer: A parabola is symmetrical. The
vertex of the parabola lies on the line that divides
the parabola into two matching halves.
16s2 (4s) 2
2
93
24s 2(4s)(3)
16s2 24s 9 (4s 3) 2
17. 5
9
13 17

4
4
4

21, 25, and 29.
18. 12
5 2 9

7
7
7
Page 528

are 16, 23, and 30.
19. 4 1
2
5
1. Both types of parabolas are U shaped. A parabola

with a maximum opens downward, and its
corresponding equation has a negative coefficient
for the x2 term. A parabola with a minimum
opens upward, and its corresponding equation has
a positive coefficient for the x2 term.
2. Sample answer:

3
3
3

8, 11, and 14.
20. 24
32 40 48

8
8
8

56, 64, and 72.
21. 1 6 11 16

5
5
5

are 21, 26, and 31.
22. 27 20 13 6

7
7
7
3. Sample answer: If you locate several points of the

graph on one side of the axis of symmetry, you
can locate the corresponding points on the other
side of the axis of symmetry to help graph the
equation.
4. y x2 5
Sample answer:

1, 8, and 15.
23. 5.3
6.0 6.7 7.4

0.7 0.7 0.7

are 8.1, 8.8, and 9.5.
24. 9.1 8.8 8.5 8.2

0.3 0.3 0.3
x
3
2
1
0
1
2
3

are 7.9, 7.6, and 7.3.
10-1 Graphing Quadratic Functions

Page 525
y x2 5
Algebra Activity
1. y x2 6x 8
Sample answer:
x
5
4
3
2
1
y
4
1
4
5
4
1
4
y
3
0
1
0
3
5. y x2 4x 5
Sample answer:
y
x
1
0
1
2
3
4
5
y x 2 6x 8
O
439
y
0
5
8
9
8
5
0
y
y x 2 4x 5
Chapter 10
The equation of the axis of symmetry is x 2.

y x2 4x 3
y (2) 2 4(2) 3
y 4 8 3
y1
The vertex is at (2, 1).
Since the coefficient of the x2 term is negative, the
vertex is a maximum.
6. In y x2 4x 9, a 1 and b 4.
x
x
b
2a
4
2(1)
or 2

y x2 4x 9
y (2) 2 4(2) 9
y489
y 13
Since the coefficient of the x2 term is positive, the
vertex is a minimum.
2
9. B; Since all four graphs have the same axis of

symmetry, x 0, you cannot eliminate any
graphs using the axis of symmetry. Since the
coefficient of the x2 term is negative, the graph
opens downward. Eliminate choices A and C.
Let x 0.
7. In y x2 5x 6, a 1 and b 5.
b
x 2a
5
2(1)
or
5
2
y 2 x2 1
or 2.5
y 2 (0) 2 1 or 1
The equation of the axis of symmetry is x 2.5.

y x2 5x 6
y (2.5) 2 5(2.5) 6
y 6.25 12.5 6
y 12.25
The vertex is at (2.5, 12.25).
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
21
2
O
x
654321
2 1 2
4
6
8
10
12
14
y x 2 4x 9
x
y (x 2)2 1
The graph passes through the point (0, 1).

Eliminate choice D. The answer is B.
Pages 528530
Practice and Apply
10. y x2 3
Sample answer:
x
2
1
0
1
2
y x 2 5x 6
y
1
2
3
2
1
O
1 2 3 4 5 6x
y x2 3
11. y x2 7
Sample answer:
8. y (x 2) 2 1
(x2 4x 4) 1
x2 4x 4 1
x2 4x 3
In y x2 4x 3, a 1 and b 4.
x
2
1
0
1
2
x 2a
4
x 2(1) or 2
y
3
6
7
6
3
y x 2 7
Chapter 10
440
12. y x2 2x 8
Sample answer:
x
1
0
1
2
3
17. In y 4x2 5x 16, a 4 and b 5.

b
x 2a
y
y
5
8
9
8
5
(5)
x 8 is the equation of the axis of symmetry.

18. In y 4x2, a 4 and b 0.
b
x 2a
0
x 2(4) or 0
y 4x2
y 4(0) 2
y0
y x 2 2x 8
13. y x2 4x 3
Sample answer:
x
0
1
2
3
4
5
8
x 2(4) or
y
3
0
1
0
3
y
x
y x 2 4x 3
y 4x 2
14. y 3x2 6x 4
Sample answer:
x
3
2
1
0
1
y
5
4
7
4
5
y 3x 2 6x 4
19. In y 2x2, a 2 and b 0.

b
x 2a
0
x 2(2) or 0

y 2x2
y 2(0) 2
y0
15. y 3x2 6x 1
Sample answer:
x
1
0
1
2
3
y
8
1
4
1
8
y
O
x
y 2x
O
y 3x 2 6x 1
16. In y 3x2 2x 5, a 3 and b 2.

b
x 2a
2
x 2(3) or
1
3
441
Chapter 10
20. In y x2 2, a 1 and b 0.
x
x
b
2a
0
2(1)
y
y x 2 2x 3
or 0

y x2 2
y (0) 2 2
y2
23. In y x2 6x 15, a 1 and b 6.

b
x 2a
(6)
x 2(1) or 3
y x2 6x 15
y (3) 2 6(3) 15
y 9 18 15
y 24
y x2 2
x
21. In y x2 5, a 1 and b 0.

b
x 2a
y x 2 6x 15
0
x 2(1) or 0
y x2 5
y (0) 2 5
y5
y x 2 5
12 8
4 4
O
4x
x 2a
x
(14)
2(1)
or 7

y x2 14x 13
y (7) 2 14(7) 13
y 49 98 13
y 36
22. In y x2 2x 3, a 1 and b 2.

b
x 2a
y
5
x 2(1) or 1
O
25
10
15
20
25
30
35

y x2 2x 3
y (1) 2 2(1) 3
y 1 2 3
y4
Chapter 10
28
24
20
16
12
8
4
24. In y x2 14x 13, a 1 and b 14.
442
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 x
y x 2 14x 13
25. In y x2 2x 18, a 1 and b 2.

x
x
b
2a
2
2(1)

y
or 1

y x2 2x 18
y (1) 2 2(1) 18
y 1 2 18
y 17
y x 2 2x 18
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
654321
5
y 3x 2 6x 4
28. In y 5 16x 2x2, a 2 and b 16.
x 2a
16
x 2(2) or 4
y 5 16x 2x2
y 5 16(4) 2(4) 2
y 5 64 32
y 37
O
1 2x
26. In y 2x2 12x 11, a 2 and b 12.

b
x 2a
12
x 2(2) or 3
35
30
25
20
15
10
5

y 2x2 12x 11
y 2(3) 2 12(3) 11
y 18 36 11
y 29
1
5
y 5 16x 2x 2
O
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9x
29. In y 9 8x 2x2, a 2 and b 8.
y
3
O
x
7654321
3 1
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
2
y 2x 12x 11
x 2a
(8)
x 2(2) or 2
y 9 8x 2x2
y 9 8(2) 2(22 )
y 9 16 8
y1
y
27. In y 3x2 6x 4, a 3 and b 6.

b
x 2a
(6)
x 2(3) or 1
y 3x2 6x 4
y 3(1) 2 6(1) 4
y364
y1
y 9 8x 2x2
O
443
Chapter 10
30. y 3(x 1) 2 20
3(x2 2x 1) 20
3x2 6x 3 20
3x2 6x 17
In y 3x2 6x 17, a 3 and b 6.
x
x
b
2a
6
2(3)
32.
y 2 x2 10x 25
y 2 2 x2 10x 25 2
y x2 10x 23
2
In y x 10x 23, a 1 and b 10.
b
x 2a
x
or 1
(10)
2(1)
or 5

y x2 10x 23
y 52 10(5) 23
y 25 50 23
y 2
Since the coefficient of x2 is positive, the vertex is
a minimum.

y 3x2 6x 17
y 3(1) 2 6(1) 17
y 3 6 17
y 20
y
4
O
x
654321
4 1 2
8
12
16
20
y 3(x 1)2 20 24
28
y 2 x 2 10x 25
33.
31. y 2(x 4) 2 3
y 2(x2 8x 16) 3
y 2x2 16x 32 3
y 2x2 16x 35
In y 2x2 16x 35, a 2 and b 16.
y 1 3x2 12x 12
y 1 1 3x2 12x 12 1
y 3x2 12x 11
In y 3x2 12x 11, a 3 and b 12.
b
x 2a
12
x 2(3) or 2
x 2a

y 3x2 12x 11
y 3(2) 2 12(2) 11
y 12 24 11
y 1
16
x 2(2) or 4
y 2x2 16x 35
y 2(4) 2 16(4) 35
y 32 64 35
y 3
y
x
O
2
y 2(x 4) 3
O
y 1 3x 2 12x 12
Chapter 10
444

y 5 3 (x 2) 2
34.
y 5 5 3 (x2 4x 4) 5
1
19
,
3
19
3
1
3
y 3x2 3x 3 5
y 3x2 3x
1
In y 3x2 3x
and b 3.
x 2a
x
4
3
1
23
12
or
4
3
3
2
or 2
y 1 23 (x 1)2
36. If the vertex of the parabola is (4, 3), the axis

of symmetry is x 4. The point (11, 0) is
7 units from the axis of symmetry. The other
x-intercept must be (3, 0), which is 7 units on the
other side of the axis of symmetry.
37. The equation of the axis of symmetry is:

y
y
y
y
1 2
4
19
x 3x 3
3
1
4
(2) 2 3 (2)
3
4
8
19
3 3
3
15
or 5
3
19
3
6 4
2
2
2
x

x
x 1
38. 2 m; parabolas are symmetric.
39. In h 16t2 32t 3, a 16 and b 32.

b
t 2a
32
t 2(16)
y 5 13 (x 2)2
t 1 is the equation of the axis of symmetry

h 16(1) 2 32 3
h 19
The maximum height of the weight is 19 feet.
40. No, the prize will not be won since the maximum
height of 19 feet is less than the 20 feet required
to win.
41. A x(20 x)
A 20x x2
A x2 20x
42. In A x2 20x, a 1 and b 20.
y 1 3 (x 1) 2
35.
y 1 1 3 (x2 2x 1) 1
2
y 3x2 3x 3 1
y 3x2 3x 3
2
In y 3x2 3x 3, a 3 and b 3.
b
x 2a
x
4
3
2
23
12
x 2a
4
3 4 or 1
20
x 2(1) or 10
The x-coordinate of the vertex is 10. Since the
coefficient of the x2 term is negative, the vertex is
a maximum. The greatest area will result when
x is 10 m.
43. A x2 20x
A 102 20(10)
A 100 200
A 100
The second coordinate of the vertex, which is a
maximum, is 100. Thus, the maximum possible
area for the pen is 100 m2.
44. In h 0.00635x2 4.0005x 0.07875,

2
y 3x2 3x 3
2
y 3 (1) 2 3 (1) 3
2
y333
3
y 3 or 1
a 0.00635 and b 4.0005.

b
x 2a
4.0005
x 2 (0.00635 ) or 315
445
Chapter 10
51. In order to coordinate a firework with recorded

music, you must know when and how high it will
explode. Answers should include following.
The rocket will explode when it reaches the
39.2
vertex or when t 2(4.9) , which is
4 seconds.
The height of the rocket when it explodes is
the height when t 4. Therefore,
h 4.9(42) 39.2(4) 1.6 or 80 meters.
52. A; Since the parabola opens upward, the
coefficient of the x2 term is positive. Eliminate
choices B and D. The y-intercept of choice C is
y 02 4(0) 5 or 5. The y-intercept of the
graph is 5. Eliminate choice C. The answer is A.
53. D; y x 5 is not a quadratic equation because
there is no x2 term.
54. y x2 10x 25
Step 1 Graph the equation on the screen.
45. The ends of the arch are the x-intercepts of the

graph of the equation. Since the axis of symmetry
is an equal distance from both x-intercepts, the
axis is 315 feet from each end. Thus, the ends are
315 315 or 630 feet apart.
46. To find the maximum height of the arch, find the
second coordinate of the vertex by substituting
315 for x in the equation for the height.
h 0.00635x2 4.0005x 0.07875
h 0.00635(315) 2 4.0005(315) 0.07875
h 630
The maximum height of the arch is 630 ft.
47. To avoid confusion, we replace a with A in the
equation given.
In A 0.003x2 0.115x 21.3, a 0.003 and
b 0.115.
b
x 2a
(0.115)
x 2(0.003) or about 19
KEYSTROKES:
The x-coordinate of the vertex is about 19. Since

the coefficient of the x2 term is positive, the
vertex is a minimum. The minimum age occurs
about 19 years after 1940 or in 1959.
48. Substitute 19 for x in the equation.
A 0.003x2 0.115x 21.3
A 0.003(19) 2 0.115(19) 21.3
A 20
In 1959, the average age of brides was about
20 years old.
49. Step 1 Graph the equation on the screen.
X,T,,n
X,T,,n
10
25 GRAPH
Step 2
Approximate the minimum.

KEYSTROKES: 2nd [CALC] 3
Use the
and
keys to set the left and right
bounds and to guess the minimum.
The vertex is a minimum with ordered pair (5, 0).
0.003 X,T,,n
KEYSTROKES:
0.115 X,T,,n
21.3 GRAPH
Step 2 Approximate the minimum.
55. y x2 4x 3
Use the
and
The minimum is about (19.2, 20.2).
KEYSTROKES:
X,T,,n
( )
X,T,,n
3 GRAPH
Step 2
Approximate the maximum.

Use the
and
bounds and to guess the maximum.
The vertex is a maximum with ordered pair (2, 7).
50. Sample answer: y 4x2 3x 5.
A quadratic equation y ax2 bx c with
3
x 8 as its axis of symmetry must satisfy
b
2a 8.
3
2a 8 or 2(4)
Choose b 3 and a 4. Then c can be any
number, such as 5.
Chapter 10
446
56. y 2x2 8x 1
KEYSTROKES:
X,T,,n
Step 2
59. y 0.5x2 2x 3
( ) 2 X,T,,n
1 GRAPH
KEYSTROKES:
X,T,,n

2nd [CALC] 4
Use the
and
Use the
and
57. y 2x2 40x 214

KEYSTROKES:
2 X,T,,n
Page 530
40
214 GRAPH
Use the
and
keys to sset the left and
right bounds and to guess the minimum.
The vertex is a minimum with ordered pair (10, 14).
65. 1 16g2 12 (4g) 2

(1 4g) (1 4g)
66. (13x 9y) 11y 13x (9y 11y)
13x 20y
67. (7p2 p 7) (p2 11)
(7p2 p 7) (p2 11)
(7p2 p2 ) p (7 11)
6p2 p 18
68. Let m represent the cost for a member and n the
cost for a nonmember. Solve the following system
of equations.
3m 3n 180
5m 3n 210
3m 3n 180
( ) 5m 3n 210
2m
30
m 15
Substitute 15 for m in the first equation and solve
for n.
3m 3n 180
3(15) 3n 180
45 3n 180
3n 135
n 45
An aerobics class costs $15 for members and $45
for nonmembers.
58. y 0.25x2 4x 2
0.25 X,T,,n
60. There are no factors of 9 whose sum is 6. Thus,

x2 6x 9 is prime.
61. a2 22a 121 a2 2(a) (11) 112
(a 11) 2
2
62. 4m 4m 1 (2m) 2 2(2m) (1) 12
(2m 1) 2
2
2
63. 4q 9 (2q) 32
(2q 3) (2q 3)
2
64. 2a 25 2a2 0a 25
There are no factors of 25 whose sum is 0. Thus,
2a2 25 is prime.
X,T,,n
KEYSTROKES:
Step 2
KEYSTROKES:
( ) 0.5 X,T,,n
3 GRAPH
X,T,,n
2 GRAPH
Use the
and
The vertex is a minimum with ordered pair
(8, 18).
447
Chapter 10

69. 12b 7 144
70. 5w 7 125
12b
12
144
12
5w
5
b 7 12
{b|b 7 12}
71.
r
125
5
72. y y m(x x )
1
1
y 13 4(x 2)
12
y 13 4x 8
8
9
8
9
5r|r 6
y 4x 5
y y1 m(x x1 )
y (7) 0[x (2) ]
y70
y 7
74. y y m(x x )
1
1
73.

1. y x2
y 3x2
y 6x2
w 6 25
{w|w 6 25}
3r
2
3
4
4 3r
4 2
33
3 4
1 2
Page 532
All the graphs open downward from the origin.

y 3x2 is narrower than y x2, and y 6x2
is the narrowest.
2. y x2
y 0.6x2
y 0.4x2
y 6 2 [x (4) ]
3
y 6 2x 6
3
y 2x 12
3x 4y 24
3x 4(0) 24
3x 24
x8
2x 5y 14
2x 5(0) 14
2x 14
x7
2x 4y 7
2x 4(0) 7
2x 7
All the graphs open downward from the origin.

y 0.6x2 is wider than y x2, and y 0.4x2
is the widest.
3. y x2
y (x 5) 2
y (x 4) 2
x 2 or 3.5
7y 6x 42
7(0) 6x 42
6x 42
x7
2y 4x 10
2(0) 4x 10
4x 10
10
All the graphs open downward, have the same

shape, and have vertices along the x-axis.
However, each vertex is different.
4. y x2
y x2 7
y x2 5
x 4 or 2 or 2.5
3x 7y 9 0
3x 7(0) 9 0
3x 9 0
3x 9
x 3
Chapter 10
All the graphs open downward, have the same

shape, and have vertices along the y-axis.
However, each vertex is different.
448
5. y 0.1x2
Sample answer: The graph will have a vertex at
the origin, open downward, and be wider than
y x2.
x
2
1
0
1
2
y
0.4
0.1
0
0.1
0.4
9. If |a| 7 1, the graph is narrower than the graph

of y x2. If 0 6 |a| 6 1, the graph is wider than
the graph of y x2. If a 0, it opens downward.
If a 0, it opens upward.
10. The graph has the same shape as y x2, but is
shifted h units (left if h 0, right if h 0).
shifted k units (up if k 0, down if k 0).
shifted h units left or right and k units up or
down as prescribed in Exercises 10 and 11.
y
x
O
y 0.1 x
6. y (x
Sample answer: The graph will open upward and
have the same shape as y x2, but the vertex
will be at (1, 0).
x
3
2
1
0
1
Pages 535536
7x2 2x 8
7x 2x 8 8 8
7x2 2x 8 0
Replace zero with f(x).
f(x) 7x2 2x 8
3. Sample answer:
2
y (x 1)2
x
7. y 4x2
Sample answer: The graph will open upward,
have a vertex at the origin, and be narrower than
y x2.
x
2
1
0
1
2
y
16
4
0
4
16
The graph has only one x-intercept. Thus, the

related quadratic equation has only one distinct
solution.
4. Graph f(x) x2 7x 6.
y 4x 2
x
Sample answer:
8. y x2 6
x
1
2
3
4
5
6
Sample answer: The graph will open upward and

have the same shape as y x2, but its vertex will
be at (0, 6).
y
2
5
6
5
2
x
2
1
0
1
2
1. The x-intercepts of the graph are 3 and 1.

Thus, the roots of the equation are 3 and 1.
2. First rewrite the equation so one side is equal to
zero.
y
4
1
0
1
4
Solving Quadratic Equations

by Graphing
10-2
1) 2
f(x)
0
4
6
6
4
0
f (x )
x
f (x) x 2 7x 6
The x-intercepts of the graph are 1 and 6. Thus,

the solutions of the equation are 1 and 6.
y x2 6
449
Chapter 10
5. Graph f(a) a2 10a 25.

Sample answer:
a
3
4
5
6
7
9. First rewrite the equation so that one side is

equal to zero.
w2 3w 5
2 3w 5 5 5
w
w2 3w 5 0
Graph f(w) w2 3w 5.
Sample answer:
f (a )
f(a)
4
1
0
1
4
w
2
1
1
2
4
5
a
O
f (a) a 2 10a 25
The graph has one a-intercept, 5. Thus, the

solution of the equation is 5.
6. Graph f(c) c2 3.
Sample answer:
c
2
1
0
1
2
The w-intercepts of the graph are between

2 and 1 and between 4 and 5. So one root is
between 2 and 1, and the other root is
between 4 and 5.
10. Let m and n represent the two numbers.
The sum of the numbers is 4.
mn4
The product of the numbers is 12.
mn 12
Solve the first equation for m.
mn4
m4n
Replace m with 4 n in the second equation.
mn 12
(4 n)n 12
4n n2 12
2
n 4n 12 0
f (c) c 2 3
c
7. Graph f(t) t2 9t 5.
Sample answer:
f (t ) t 2 9t 5
6
4
2
98 7654 321

2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
f (t )
Graph y x2 4x 12.
The t-intercepts of the graph are between 9 and

8 and between 1 and 0. So one root is between
9 and 8, and the other is between 1 and 0.
8. Graph f(x) x2 16.
Sample answer:
x
4
2
0
2
4
f(x)
0
12
16
12
0
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 20] scl: 2
The x-intercepts are 2 and 6.

Let n 2. Then m 4 (2) or 6.
Let n 6. Then m 4 6 or 2.
f (x )
O
1 2 3 4x
4 321
2
4
f (x)6
x 2 16
8
10
12
14
16
The x-intercepts of the graph are 4 and 4. Thus,

the roots of the equation are 4 and 4.
Chapter 10
f (w) w 2 3w 5
The graph has no c-intercept. Thus, the equation

has no real number solutions: .
f(t)
5
3
15
15
3
5
f (w )
f (c )
f(c)
7
4
3
4
7
O
t
9
8
5
4
1
0
f(w)
5
1
7
7
1
5
450
Pages 536538
15. Graph f(x) x2 2x 5 0.

Sample answer:
Practice and Apply

2
11. Graph f(c) c 5c 24.

Sample answer:
c
3
0
3
6
7
8
x
3
2
1
0
1
f (c )
5
O
4 2
2 4 6 8 10 12 c
5
10
15
20
25
30
2
35 f (c) c 5c 24
f(c)
0
24
30
18
10
0
f(n)
22
9
6
13
30
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
2 1
5
r
6
4
2
0
2
1 2 3 4 5 6n
f (r )
7654 321 O 1 2 3 r
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
f (r) r 2 4r 12
18
The r-intercepts of the graph are 6 and 2. Thus,

13. Graph f(x) x 6x 9.

Sample answer:
17.
f (x )
f(x)
4
1
0
1
4
(2, 0)
(6, 0)
(4, 2)
f (x ) x 2 6x 9
18.
The graph has one x-intercept, 3. Thus, the

14. Graph f(b) b2 12b 36.
Sample answer:
b
4
5
6
7
8
f(r)
0
12
16
12
0
f (n) 5n 2 2n 6
The graph has no n-intercepts. Thus, the equation

x
1
2
3
4
5
The graph has no x-intercept. Thus, the equation

16. Graph f(r) r2 4r 12.
Sample answer:
f (n )
f (x) x 2 2x 5
The c-intercepts of the graph are 3 and 8. Thus,

12. Graph f(n) 5n2 2n 6.
Sample answer:
n
2
1
0
1
2
f (x )
f(x)
8
5
4
5
8
(3, 4)
f (b )
f(b)
4
1
0
1
4
(6, 0)
O
f (b ) b 2 12b 36
(0, 0)
x
The graph has one b-intercept, 6. Thus, the

451
Chapter 10
21. Graph f(a) a2 12.

Sample answer:
19. Let m and n represent the numbers.

mn9
mn 20
mn9
m9n
Substitute 9 n for m in the second equation.
mn 20
(9 n)n 20
9n n2 20
2 9n 20 0
n
Graph y x2 9x 20.
a
4
3
2
0
2
3
4
f(a)
4
3
8
12
8
3
4
f (a )
4
2
4a
O
4
8
12
f (a) a 2 12
The a-intercepts are between 4 and 3 and

between 3 and 4. So, one root is between 4 and
3, and the other root is between 3 and 4.
22. Graph f(n) n2 7.
Sample answer:
n
3
2
1
0
1
2
3
[2, 8] scl: 1 by [2, 2] scl: 1

20. Let m and n represent the numbers.
mn5
mn 24
mn5
m5n
Substitute 5 n for m in the second equation.
mn 24
(5 n)n 24
5n n2 24
2
n 5n 24 0
Graph y x2 5x 24.
f (n )
f(n)
2
3
6
7
6
3
2
f (n) n 2 7
The n-intercepts of the graph are between 3 and

2 and between 2 and 3. So, one root is between
3 and 2, and the other root is between 2 and 3.
23. Graph f(c) 2c2 20c 32.
Sample answer:
c
8
6
4
2
f(c)
0
16
16
0
3
12 8
4
3
6
9
12
15
18
f (c) 2c 2 20c 3221
1 f (c )
O
c
The c-intercepts of the graph are 8 and 2. So,

the roots of the equation are 8 and 2.
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 40] scl: 10
24. Graph f(s) 3s2 9s 12.

Sample answer:

Let n 3. Then m 5 (3) or 8.
s
4
3
2
1
0
1
f(s)
0
12
18
18
12
0
3
6
4
f (s )
O
2
3
6
9
12
15
18
f (s) 3s2 9s 1221
The s-intercepts of the graph are 4 and 1.

So, the roots of the equation are 4 and 1.
Chapter 10
452
2s
25. Graph f(x) x2 6x 6.

Sample answer:
x
5
4
3
2
1
28. Rewrite the equation.

x2 6x 7
2
x 6x 7 7 7
x2 6x 7 0
Graph f(x) x2 6x 7.
Sample answer:
f (x )
f(x)
1
2
3
2
1
x
5
4
3
2
1
f (x) x 2 6x 6
The x-intercepts of the graph are between 5

and 4 and between 2 and 1. So, one root is
between 5 and 4, and the other root is
between 2 and 1.
26. Graph f(y) y2 4y 1.
Sample answer:
y
0
1
2
3
4
f(y)
1
2
3
2
1
f (x )
f(x)
2
1
2
1
2
f (x) x 2 6x 7
The x-intercepts are between 5 and 4 and

between 2 and 1. So, one root of the equation
is between 5 and 4, and the other root is
between 2 and 1.
f (y )
m2 10m 21
m 10m 21 21 21
m2 10m 21 0
Graph f(m) m2 10m 21.
Sample answer:
2
f (y) y 2 4y 1
m
3
4
5
6
7
The y-intercepts of the graph are between 0 and

a2 8a 4
a 8a 4 4 4
a2 8a 4 0
f(m)
0
3
4
3
0
f (m )
f (m) m 2 10m 21
Graph f(a) a2 8a 4.
Sample answer:
a
1
0
2
4
6
8
9
f(a)
5
4
16
20
16
4
5
The m-intercepts of the graph are 3 and 7.

So, the roots of the equation are 3 and 7.
p2 16 8p
2 16 8p 8p 8p
p
p2 8p 16 0
Graph f(p) p2 8p 16.
Sample answer:
( )
3 f a
O
42
2 4 6 8 10 12a
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
f (a) a 2 8a 4
p
2
3
4
5
6
The a-intercepts of the graph are between 1 and

0 and between 8 and 9. So, one root of the
equation is between 1 and 0, and the other root
is between 8 and 9.
f(p)
4
1
0
1
4
f (p )
f (p) p 2 8p 16
The graph has only one p-intercept, 4. So, the root

of the equation is 4.
453
Chapter 10
34. Sample answer:

12n2 26n 30
2
12n 26n 30 30 30
12n2 26n 30 0
Graph f(n) 12n2 26n 30.
Sample answer:
n
1
0
1
2
3
( )
20 f n
10
O
21
1 2 3 4 5 6n
10
20
30
40
50
f (n) 12n 2 26n 30
60
f(n)
8
30
44
34
0
(3, 5)
35. f(x) x2 4x 12

Sample answer:
x
6
4
2
0
2
One n-intercept of the graph is 3, and the other

n-intercept is between 1 and 0. So, one root of
the equation is 3, and the other root is between
1 and 0.
4x2 35 4x
2 35 4x 4x 4x
4x
4x2 4x 35 0
Graph f(x) 4x2 4x 35.
Sample answer:
x
4
3
1
1
2
3
( )
f (x) x 2 4x 12 f x
15
12
9
6
3
O
765 4 321
1 2 3x
3
6
38. A 3 bh
2
3 (8) (16)
256
3
or 85 3
1
The area to be painted is about 85 3 square feet.

39. Multiply the area under one arch by 12 to find
the area under 12 arches.
1 12
The x-intercepts of the graph are between 4

and 3 and between 2 and 3. So, one root of the
equation is between 4 and 3, and the other
root is between 2 and 3.
33. Sample answer:
1256 2
12 853 12 3 or 1024 ft2

Since there are two coats, multiply the area under
the 12 arches by 2.
2(1024) 2048 ft2
Each gallon covers 200 ft2, so
2048
200
(1, 6)
f(x)
0
12
16
12
0

36. The length of the segment is the distance between
the x-intercepts, which is |2 (6)| on 8 feet.
37. The highest point on the arch is at the vertex of
the parabola, which is at (2, 16). Thus, the
height of the arch is 16 feet.
( )
5 f x
O
4321
1 2 3 4x
5
10
15
20
25
30
35 f (x) 4x 2 4x 35
f(x)
13
11
35
27
11
13
256
25 or 10 25 gallons.
Round up to 11 gallons and find the total cost.
11(27) 297 dollars
The paint for the walls would cost $297.
40. Graph y 0.005x2 0.22x and use the Zero
feature to find the relevant x-intercept.
[0, 50] scl: 10 by [0, 5] scl: 1
The x-intercept is about 44. The ball travels a

horizontal distance of 44 yd.
Chapter 10
454
41. Graph y 16x2 30x 1000 and use the Zero

feature to find the relevant x-intercept.
48. Since quadratic functions can be used to model a

golf ball after it is hit, solving the related
quadratic equation will determine where the ball
hits the ground. Answers should include the
following.
In the golf problem, one intercept represents
the balls original location and the other
intercept represents where the ball hits the
ground.
Using the quadratic function y 0.0015x2
0.3x, the ball will hit the ground 200 yd from
the starting point.
49. C; The graph in answer choice C has no
x-intercepts.
50. A; The x-intercepts of the graph are 2 and 2.
Thus, 2 and 2 are the roots of the equation.
51. Graph y x3 x2 4x 4.
[0, 10] scl: 1 by [0, 1100] scl: 100
42.
43.
44.
45.
The x-intercept is about 9. It took about 9 seconds

for the ball to hit the ground.
Yes; there are almost 9 3 1 or 5 seconds to
warn them.
The total area to be mowed is 500 400 or
200,000 ft2. Since each will mow half, each mows
1
200,000 or 100,000 ft2.
2
A w
100,000 (500 2x)(400 2x)
100,000 200,000 1000x 800x 4x2
100,000 200,000 1800x 4x2
0 100,000 1800x 4x2
or
4x2 1800x 100,000 0
Graph y 4x2 1800x 100,000 and find the
relevant x-intercept.
[5, 5] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
The x-intercepts of the graph are 2, 1, and 2.

Thus, the solutions of the equation are 2, 1,
and 2.
52. Graph y 2x3 11x2 13x 4.
[0, 70] scl: 5 by [0, 100,000] scl: 10,000
The x-intercept is about 65. Kirk should mow a

width of about 65 ft.
[1, 5] scl: 1 by [10, 1] scl: 1
46. Kirk must mow a width of 65 feet. Since the

mower cuts a width of 5 feet each time, Kirk
65
should go around the field 5 or 13 times.
The x-intercepts of the graph are 2, 1, and 4.

1
Thus, the solutions of the equation are 2 , 1, and 4.
x3 2x2 3x
47. The x-intercepts of the graph of f(x)

x 5
are the values of x that satisfy the following
equation.
x3 2x2 3x
x 5
0
The value of a fraction is 0 only when the

numerator is 0, so we can solve x3 2x2 3x 0
to find the x-intercepts.
x3 2x2 3x 0
x(x2 2x 3) 0
x(x 3)(x 1) 0
or x 1 0
x 0 or x 3 0
x 3
x1
The x-intercepts are 3, 0, and 1.
455
Chapter 10
Page 538


2
53. In y x 6x 9, a 1 and b 6.
b
x 2a
x 2(1) or 3

y x2 6x 9
y (3) 2 6(3) 9
y 9 18 9 or 0
12
4
8
12
y 0.5x 2 6x 5
m2 24m 144
m 24m 144 0
m2 2(m)(12) 122 0
(m 12) 2 0
m 12 0
m 12
2
57.
7r 70r 175
56.
y x 2 6x 9
1
(7r2 )
7
r2 10r 25
r 10r 25 0
r2 2(r)(5) 52 0
(r 5) 2 0
r50
r5
58.
4d2 9 12d
4d2 12d 9 0
2 2(2d)(3) 32 0
(2d)
(2d 3) 2 0
2d 3 0
2d 3
54. In y x2 4x 3, a 1 and b 4.
x 2a
4
x 2(1) or 2
y x2 4x 3
y (2) 2 4(2) 3
y 4 8 3 or 1
y
y x 2 4x 3
O
7 (70r 175)
59.
x
10m4
30m
d 2 or 1.5
11030 21mm 2
4
3m41
m3
3
3m3 or
60.
22a2b5c7
11abc2
22 a b c
111
21 a 21 b 21c 2
2
7
2
21 51 72
55. In y
x
x
0.5x2
b
2a
(6)
2(0.5)
2a
b
2ab4c5
6x 5, a 0.5 and b 6.

61.
9m3n5
27m2n5y4

or 6

y 0.5(6) 2 6(6) 5
y 18 36 5 or 13
m
n
1
19
27 21 m 21 n 21 y 2
3
2
4
1
3m3(2)n55y4
1
3m5n0y4
m5y4
3
62. Let n be the number of books.

30 1.5n
55 and 30 1.5n 60
1.5n
25
1.5n 30
3n
50
n 20
n
50
3
or 163
Since the number of books must be a whole

number, there must be at least 17 but no more
than 20 books in the crate.
Chapter 10
456
Square the result.

(6)2 36
Thus, c 36.
7. t2 5t c
63. Yes;
a2 14a 49 a2 2(a)(7) 72
(a 7) 2
64. Yes;
m2 10m 25 m2 2(m)(5) 52
(m 5) 2
66. Yes;
4y2 12y 9 (2y) 2 2(2y)(3) 32
(2y 3) 2
68. Yes;
25x2 10x 1 (5x) 2 2(5x)(1) 12
(5x 1) 2
Find
1
(5)
2
152 2
2.
3.
4.
5.
x2
x x
1
(12)
2
25
.
4
1
2
of
1
2
of
Add 9 to each side.

c2 6c 9 7 9
(c 3) 2 16
c 3 4
c 3 3 4 3
c3 4
c 3 4 or c 3 4
7
1
The solutions are 1, 7.
9. x2 7x 12
The x2 and x terms are already isolated. Find
7 and square the result.
1
1
172 22 494
Add
49
4
to each side.
49
4
7 2
2
x 7x
12
1x 2
49
4
4
x 2 2
7
x 2 2 2 2
7
x 2
7
x 2 2
6
2 or 3
10.
or
1
2
7
x 2 2
8
2 or 4

v2 14v 9 6
2 14v 9 9 6 9
v
v2 14v 15
Find
1 2
m 7 120
m 7 7 120 7
m 7 120
m 7 120 or m 7 120
m 11.5
m 2.5
The solutions are 11.5, 2.5.
6. a2 12a c
1
2
25
4
162 22 (3)2 or 9
The area is x2 4x 4.
Graphing f(x) x2 5x 7 would not result in
an exact answer, and x2 5x 7 cannot be
factored.
b2 6b 9 25
(b 3) 2 25
2(b 3) 2 125
0b 3 0 5
b 3 5
b 3 3 5 3
b3 5
b 3 5 or b 3 5
b 2
b8
m2 14m 49 20
(m 7) 2 20
2(m 7) 2 120
0m 7 0 120
Find
8. c2 6c 7
The c2 and c terms are already isolated. Find

1
1
2
Thus, c
1. Sample answer:
x
x
of 5.
Square the result.
10-3 Solving Quadratic Equations

by Completing the Square
Page 542
1
2
14 2
2
1
2
of 14 and square the result.
72 or 49

v2 14v 49 15 49
(v 7) 2 64
v 7 8
v 7 7 8 7
v 7 8
v 7 8 or v 7 8
1
15
of 12.
6
457
Chapter 10
11. r2 4r 2
The r2 and r terms are already isolated. Find
142 22 (2)2 or 4
1
2
14. Let s represent the length of a side of the square.

The area of the square is then s2. When the
length is increased by 6 inches and the width by
4 inches, the area of the resulting rectangle is
(s 6)(s 4). The area of the rectangle is twice
the area of the square.
of
Add 4 to each side.

r2 4r 4 2 4
(r 2) 2 6
r 2 16
r 2 2 16 2
r 2 16
r 2 16 or r 2 16
4.4
0.4
12.
a2 24a 9 0
2 24a 9 9 0 9
a
a2 24a 9
Find
1 2
1
2
24 2
2
(s 6)(s 4) 2s2
4s 6s 24 2s2
s2 10s 24 2s2
2 10s 24 s2 10s 2s2 s2 10s
s
24 s2 10s
s2
Find
Add 25 to each side and reverse the sides.

s2 10s 25 24 25
(s 5) 2 49
s 5 7
s 5 5 7 5
s5 7
s 5 7 or s 5 7
12
2
Since we are looking for a length, ignore the
negative number. The length of a side of the
square is 12 in.
(12) 2 or 144

a2 24a 144 9 144
(a 12) 2 135
a 12 1135
a 12 12 1135 12
a 12 1135
a 12 1135 or a 12 1135
23.6
0.4
13. 2p2 5p 8 7
Since the coefficient of the p2 term is not 1, first
divide each side by 2, the coefficient of the p2
term.
3 1 24
1 2
Pages 542543
2
17
result.
17
p 4 3 16
5
p 4 4 3 16 4
5
p4
5
p4
2.3
Chapter 10
17
3 16
or
17
3 16
5
p4
Practice and Apply
15. b 4b 4 16
(b 2) 2 16
2(b 2) 2 116
0b 2 0 4
b 2 4
b 2 2 4 2
b2 4
b 2 4 or b 2 4
2
6
16. t2 2t 1 25
(t 1) 2 25
2(t 1) 2 125
0t 1 0 5
t 1 5
t 1 1 5 1
t 1 5
t 1 5
t 1 5
6
4
17. g2 8g 16 2
(g 4) 2 2
2(g 4) 2 12
0g 4 0 12
g 4 12
g 4 4 12 4
g 4 12
g 4 12 or g 4 12
2.6
5.4
5 2
5 2
25
2
4 or 16
25
5
25
1
25
p2 2p 16 2 16
5 2
17
p 4 16
1
2
(5) 2 or 25
110
2 2
2p2 5p 8
7
2
2
5
7
p2 2p 4 2
5
7
p2 2p 4 4 2 4
5
1
p2 2p 2
1
5
Find 2 of 2 and square the
1
2
17
3 16
0.2
458
18. y2 12y 36 5
(y 6) 2 5
2(y 6) 2 15
0y 6 0 15
y 6 15
y 6 6 15 6
y 6 15
y 6 15 or y 6 15
3.8
8.2
19. w2 16w 64 18
(w 8) 2 18
2(w 8) 2 118
0w 8 0 118
w 8 118
w 8 8 118 8
w 8 118
w 8 118 or w 8 118
12.2
3.8
20. a2 18a 81 90
(a 9) 2 90
2(a 9) 2 190
0a 9 0 190
a 9 190
a 9 9 190 9
26. k2 11k c
Find
c
c
1
of 16
2
16 2
2
1 2
Square
12
c 2
2
c
1
of 10
2
10 2
2
1 2
c
4
c
2
c
1
of
2
22 2
2
1 2
c
25.
1
of
2
34 2
2
1 2
and set it equal to 81. Then solve for c.
81
1c4 2 4(81)
2
Square
12
c 2
2
2
c
4
c
2
and set it equal to 144. Then solve for c.
144
144
1 2 4(144)
c2
4
c2 576
c 24
29.
s2 4s 12 0
2
s 4s 12 12 0 12
s2 4s 12
2
s 4s 4 12 4
(s 2) 2 16
s 2 4
s 2 2 4 2
s2 4
s 2 4 or s 2 4
2
6
d2 3d 10 0
30.
d2 3d 10 10 0 10
d2 3d 10
and square the result.
d2 3d 4 10 4
1d 32 22 494
d 2 2
3
d 2 2 2 2
d 2
3
d 2 2
112 or 121
24. a2 34a c
Find
121
4
81
(5) 2 or 25
23. w2 22w c
Find
or
c2 324
c 18
28. x2 cx 144
82 or 64
22. y2 10y c
Find
1 2
27. x2 cx 81
a 9 190
a 9 190 or a 9 190
18.5
0.5
21. s2 16s c
Find
1
of
2
11 2
2
10
2 or 5
or
7
2
d 2 2
4
2 or 2
172 or 289
7p c
p2
Find
c
1
of
2
7 2
2
1 2

or
49
4
459
Chapter 10
31.
y2 19y 4 70
y 19y 4 4 70 4
y2 19y 66
d2 8d 7 0
d 8d 7 7 0 7
d2 8d 7
2 8d 16 7 16
d
(d 4) 2 9
d 4 3
d 4 4 3 4
d4 3
d 4 3 or d 4 3
1
7
37.
s2 10s 23
2 10s 25 23 25
s
(s 5) 2 48
s 5 148
s 5 5 148 5
s 5 148
s 5 148 or s 5 148
1.9
11.9
38.
m2 8m 4
2 8m 16 4 16
m
(m 4) 2 20
m 4 120
m 4 4 120 4
m 4 120
m 4 120 or m 4 120
0.5
8.5
39.
9r2 49 42r
9r2 49 42r 42r 42r
9r2 42r 49 0
(3r 7) 2 0
3r 7 0
3r 7 7 0 7
3r 7
36.
361
4
19 2
y 2
19
y 2
19
19
2 2
y2 19y
y
66
361
4
625
4
25
2
25
19
2 2
19
25
y 2 2
19
25
or y 2 2
44
2 or 22
19
25
2
2
6
2 or 3

d2 20d 11 200
2 20d 11 11 200 11
d
d2 20d 189
2 20d 100 189 100
d
(d 10) 2 289
d 10 17
d 10 10 17 10
d 10 17
d 10 17 or d 10 17
27
7
33.
a2 5a 4
32.
25
4
5
a22
5
a2
5
5
22
a2 5a
25
4
4
9
4
3
2
3
2 2
5
3
2
5
2
8
2
a2
5
a22
2
2 or 1
or
2
or 4
Chapter 10
r 3 or 23

34.
p2 4p 21
2
p 4p 4 21 4
(p 2) 2 25
p 2 5
p 2 2 5 2
p2 5
p 2 5 or p 2 5
3
7
35.
x2 4x 3 0
2
x 4x 3 3 0 3
x2 4x 3
2
x 4x 4 3 4
(x 2) 2 1
x 2 1
x 2 2 1 2
x 2 1
x 2 1 or x 2 1
3
1
The solution is
40.
7
3
or 23.
4h2 25 20h
25 20h 20h 20h
4h2 20h 25 0
(2h 5) 2 0
2h 5 0
2h 5 5 0 5
2h 5
4h2
h2
The solution is
460
5
2
or 22.
41. 0.3t2 0.1t 0.2

2
0.3t 0.1t
0.3
1
t2 3t
1
1
t2 3t 36
1
t62
0.3
44. 9w2 12w 1 0

9w2 12w 1
9
4
1
w2 3 w 9
4
1
1
w2 3 w 9 9
4
w2 3w
4
4
w2 3 w 9
2
w32
0.2
2
3

2
1
36
3
25
36
t 6 6
1
t 6 6 6 6
1
t 6
1
t 6 6
6
6
5
6
1
or 1
4
6
or
v
v
5
2
5
2
5
2
w3
5v
45.
5v 5v
43.
0
0
0
5
2
1
22
5
2
1
22.
or
39
2
w3
or
39
0
2 2(0)
d2 2d 6 0
11
11
d 4 4 4 4
5
11
4
5
11
4 4
16
4 or 4
d4
5
11
4
d4
7
5
6
4
or
or
3
2
3
7

5
12
5
46.
3
12
5
x 1 1 3
12
5
1
x 1
35
or
25
d 4 4
0
5
0
25
1d 54 22 121
16
x 1 3
12
39
0
2x 1
35
d2 2d 16 6 16
x 1
x2 2x 5
(x
d2 2 d 6
5
2
1) 2
1 2
5
d 4d 3
2
1 2
5
d 4d 3
2
10x 7 0
x2
0
5x2 10x 7
5
7
x2 2x 5
7
7
x2 2x 5 5
9
d2 2 d 6 6 0 6
v or
5x2
0.1
1.4
2v
0.4
The solution is
99
42. 0.4v2 2.5 2v
9
w3
09
w 3 3 3 9 3
2
3

0.4v2 2.5
0.4
25
v2 4
25
v2 4 5v
25
v2 5v 4
5
v22
0
w 3 3 9
t 6 6
or
9
0
2 3(0)
f 2 2f 2 0
7
f 2 2f 2 2 0 2
12
x 1
1 2
7
1
f 6f 2
3
1 2
7
1
f 6f 2
3
3
2
7
49
3
49
f 2 2f 16 2 16
7
25
f 4 2 16
7
5
f 4 4
7
7
5
7
f 4 4 4 4
7
5
f4 4
7
5
7
5
f 4 4 or f 4 4
2
1
12
4 or 2
4 or 3
1
7
f 2 2f
12
35
2.5
0.5
461
Chapter 10
x2 4x c 0
x 4x c c 0 c
x2 4x c
2 4x 4 c 4
x
(x 2) 2 4 c
x 2 14 c
x 2 2 14 c 2
x 2 14 c
2
48.
x 6x c 0
x2 6x c c 0 c
x2 6x c
2
x 6x 9 c 9
(x 3) 2 9 c
x 3 19 c
x 3 3 19 c 3
x 3 19 c
49. area of garden 9 6 or 54
area of path
area of large rectangle area of garden
(2x 9)(2x 6) 54
4x2 12x 18x 54 54
4x2 30x
Since these areas are equal, set the expressions
equal to each other and solve for x.
4x2 30x 54
x2 4x 12 0
x 4x 12 12 0 12
x2 4x 12
2 4x 4 12 4
x
(x 2) 2 8
There are no real solutions since the square of a
number cannot be negative.
52. The dimensions of the photograph are 12 4x
and 12 2x. The area of the photograph is
54 square inches.
(12 4x)(12 2x) 54
144 24x 48x 8x2 54
8x2 72x 144 54
51.
47.
4x2 30x
4
15
x2 2 x
15
225
x2 2 x 16
15
x 4 2
15
x 4
15
15
x 4 4
x
21
4
8x2 72x 144

8

or
x2 9x 18 18
x2 9x
1x
x
9
x23
or
x 2 or 1.5
15
3
3
2
or
y 0.059x2 7.423x 362.1

300 0.059x2 7.423x 362.1
0.059x2 7.423x 362.1
0.059
9
3
9
3 2
x23
x
15
2
x2 8x 35
5084.75 x2 125.81x 6137.29

1052.54 x2 125.81x
2904.50 x2 125.81x 3957.04
2904.50 (x 62.91) 2
x2
or 7.5
Original equation
8x 16 35 16
Since
182 22 16, add 16 to each side.
Factor x2 8x 16.
(x 4) 51
x 4 151
Take the square root of each side.
x 4 4 151 4
12904.50 x 62.91
62.91 12904.50 x
x 62.91 12904.50 or x 62.91 12904.50
9
117
or in 1909
or in 2017
x 4 151
Simplify.
x 4 151 or x 4 151
x 11.14
x 3.14
54. C; 225 is not the square of any real number.
55. A; x2 5x 14
In the year 2017, an average American will

consume 300 pounds of bread and cereal per year.
x2 5x
25
4
14
5
81
A; x 2 2 4
Chapter 10
Use x 1.5 because the solution must satisfy

12 2x 0. (The width must be positive.)
Then the width of the photograph is 12 2(1.5) or
9 inches, and the height is 12 4(1.5) or 6 inches.
53. Al-Khwarizmi used squares to geometrically
represent quadratic equations. Answers should
Al-Khwarizmi represented x2 by a square
whose sides were each x units long. To this
square, he added 4 rectangles with length
8
x units long and width 4 or 2 units long. This
area represents 35. To make this a square,
four 4 4 squares must by added.
To solve x2 8x 35 by completing the
square, use the following steps.
21
4
Ignore the negative number. The path is

1.5 m wide.
50. Replace y with 300 and solve for x.
4 or 2
300
0.059
81
4
9 2
2
9
x2
9
9
2
2
x2 9x
54
8
27
4
27
18
4
45
4
45
81
4
4
x2 3
x 4
6
or 9
x2 9x 18
54
4
27
2
27
225
16
2
441
16
21
4
21
15
4 4
15
21
4 4
x
15
4
36
4
462
25
4
Page 544
60. y x2 3x 10
Sample answer:

2
56. Graph f(x) x 7x 12.

Sample answer:
x
5
4
3
2
1
f(x)
2
0
0
2
6
x
2
0
1
2
3
5
f (x )
y
0
10
12
12
10
0
2
x
4
2
0
2
4
x
0
1
2
3
4
16.
f (x )
f(x)
0
12
16
12
0
4
2
4x
4
8
8
12
y x 2 3x 10
x2
x
y x 2 3x 4
f(x)
9
6
5
6
9
GCF: a b b or ab2
63. 32m2n3 2 2 2 2 2 m m
n nn
m m
n
8m2n 2 2 2
m m m n n
56m3n2 2 2 2 7
2x 6.
f (x )
GCF: 2 2 2 m m n or 8m2n
64. y 2x
xy9
Substitute 2x for y in the second equation.
xy9
x 2x 9
3x 9
f (x ) x 2 2x 6
3x
3
The graph has no x-intercepts. Thus, the equation

y
32
20
16
20
32
32
24
16
8
4
2
y 4x 2 16
3
x3
y 2x
y 2(3) or 6
65. x y 3
2x 3y 5
Substitute y 3 for x in the second equation.
2x 3y 5
2(y 3) 3y 5
2y 6 3y 5
y 6 5
y 6 6 5 6
y 1
(1)(y) (1) (1)
y1
Use x y 3 to find the value of x.
xy3
x 1 3 or 4
59. y 4x2 16
Sample answer:
x
2
1
0
1
2
62. 14a2b3 2 7
a a
b b b
20a3b2c 2 2 5 a a a b b c
35ab3c2 5 7
a
b b bcc
f (x ) x 2 16
The x-intercepts of the graph are 4 and 4.

Thus, the solutions of the equation are 4 and 4.
x
1
0
1
2
3
y
4
2
2
4
8
12
16
58. Graph f(x)
61. y x2 3x 4
Sample answer:

Thus, the solutions of the equation are 4 and 3.
57. Graph f(x)
4
f (x ) x 2 7x 12
x2
4x
463
Chapter 10
66. x 2y 3
3x y 23
x 2y 3
x 2y 2y 3 2y
x 2y 3
Substitute 2y 3 for x in the second equation.
3x y 23
3(2y 3) y 23
6y 9 y 23
7y 9 23
7y 9 9 23 9
7y 14
7y
7
72. 2b2 4ac 2(2) 2 4(1) (15)

14 60
164
8
73. 2b2 4ac 272 4(2) (3)
149 24
125
5
74. 2b2 4ac 252 4(1) (2)
125 8
133
5.7
75. 2b2 4ac 272 4(2) (5)
14
7
149 40
189
9.4
y2
x 2y 3
x 2(2) 3 or 7
67. 3 6 x 6 1
68. x
2 or x 7 1
69.
5x 3y 7
5x 3y 5x 7 5x
3y 5x 7
3y
3
y
Page 544
b
x 2a
(1)
x 2(1)
1
x 2 or 0.5
5x 7
3
5
7
x
3
3
x 0.5 is the equation of the axis of symmetry.

y x2 x 6
y (0.5) 2 (0.5) 6
y 0.25 0.5 6
y 6.25
The vertex is a minimum since the coefficient of
the x2 term is positive.
The slope of any line perpendicular to this line is

3
5
5, the opposite of the reciprocal of 3.
y y m(x x )
1
y (2) 5 (x 8)
3
y 2 5 x
3
y 2 2 5 x
3
y 5 x
24
5
24
5
14
5
Practice Quiz 1
1. In y x2 x 6, a 1 and b 1.
2
70. We use the points (2, 0) and (0, 2). Find the
slope.
y2 y1
mx

x1
2 0
0 2
2
or 1
2
y x2 x 6
Use the slope-intercept form.

y mx b
y x (2)
yx2
71. We use the points (1, 2) and (0, 0). Find the
slope.
y2 y1
mx
x1
0 2
(1)
2
or 2
1
0
Use the slope-intercept form.

y mx b
y 2x 0
y 2x
Chapter 10
464
2. In y 2x2 3, a 2 and b 0.
Sample answer:
x 2a
x
1
0
1
2
3
x 2(2) or 0
y 2x2 3
y 2(0) 2 3
y 0 3 or 3
The vertex is a minimum since the coefficient of
the x2 term is positive.
21
18
15
12
9
6
3
The x-intercepts lie between 1 and 0 and

between 2 and 3. So, one root is between 1
and 0, and the other is between 2 and 3.
Sample answer:
x
1
0
2
4
6
3. In y 3x2 6x 5, a 3 and b 6.

b
x 2a
(6)
x 2(3)
6
x 6 or 1
y 3x2 6x 5
y 3(1) 2 6(1) 5
3 6 5
8
The vertex is a maximum since the coefficient of
the x2 term is negative.
y 3x 2 6x 5
4. Graph f(x) x2 6x 10.

Sample answer:
f(x)
5
2
1
2
5
f (x )
f (x ) x 2 6x 10
f(x)
0
6
12
10
0
( )
6 f x
4
2
O
422 2 4 6 8 10 12 x
4
6
8
10
12
14
f (x ) x 2 5x 6
The x-intercepts are 1 and 6. Thus, the

solutions of the equation are 1 and 6.
s2 8s 15
7.
2 8s 16 15 16
s
(s 4) 2 1
s 4 1
s 4 4 1 4
s 4 1
s 4 1 or s 4 1
5
3
8.
a2 10a 24
2 10a 25 24 25
a
(a 5) 2 1
a 5 1
a 5 5 1 5
a5 1
a 5 1 or a 5 1
4
6
9. y2 14y 49 5
(y 7) 2 5
x
5
4
3
2
1
f (x )
f (x ) x 2 2x 1
y 2x 2 3
O
x
4321
3 1 2 3 4
f(x)
2
1
2
1
2
y 7 15
y 7 7 15 7
y 715
y 7 15 or y 7 15
4.8
9.2
The graph has no x-intercepts. The equation has

no real number solutions: .
465
Chapter 10
2b2 b 7 14
10.
2b2 b 7
2
1
7
2
b 2b 2
1
7
7
b2 2b 2 2
1
b2 2b
1
1
b2 2b 16
1 2
b4
1
b4
5. y x2 6x 1
y (x2 6x 9) 1 9
y (x 3) 2 10
The vertex is (3, 10) .
14
2
7
7
72

21
2
21
1
16
2
169
16
13
4
13
y x 2 6x 1 4
4
6
2
4
8
b 4 4 4 4
1
b4
1
13
4
12
4
or 3
b4
or
b
13
4
1
13
4
4
14
7
or 2
4
Solving Quadratic Equations

by Using the Quadratic Formula
10-4
The solutions are 3, 3.5.
Page 550
Page 545
1. Sample answer: (1) Factor x2 2x 15 as

(x 3)(x 5). Then according to the Zero Product
Property, either x 3 0 or x 5 0. Solving
these equations, x 3 or x 5. (2) Rewrite the
equation as x2 2x 15. Then add 1 to each side
of the equation to complete the square on the left
side. Then (x 1)2 16. Taking the square root
of each side, x 1 4. Therefore, x 1 4 and
x 3 or x 5. (3) Use the Quadratic Formula.

1. y a(x h) 2 k
The vertex is (h, k) .
2. y x2 2x 3
y (x2 2x 1 ) 3 1
y (x 1 ) 2 4
3. y x2 2x 7
y (x2 2x 1) 7 1
y (x 1) 2 8
The vertex is (1, 8) .
Therefore, x
2 2(2) 2 4(1) (15)

2(1)
2 164
.
2
y x 2 2x 7
x
4. y x 4x 8
y (x2 4x 4) 8 4
y (x 2) 2 4
The vertex is (2, 4).
y
b 2b2 4ac
2a
7 272 4(1) (6)

2(1)
7 149 24
2
7 125
2
7 5
2
7 5
2
x
or
x
7 5
2
6
1
y x 2 4x 8
O
Chapter 10
or
x
Simplifying the expression, x 3
or x 5. See students preferences.
2. Sample answer: x2 x 5 0. See students
work. Any quadratic equation for which the
discriminant is negative is correct.
3. Juanita; you must first write the equation in the
form ax2 bx c 0 to determine the values of
a, b, and c. Therefore, the value of c is 2, not 2.
4. x2 7x 6 0
y
O
2x
466
5.
t2 11t 12
t 11t 12 12 12
t2 11t 12 0
t

t
w
11 13
2
10 2102 4(1) (12)

2(1)
10 1100 48
2
10 152
2
r
10 152
2
or
r
5 252 4(3) (11)

2(3)
5 125 132
6
5 1107
6
10 152
2
4x2 2x 17
4x 2x 17 17 17
4x2 2x 17 0
b 2b2 4ac
2a
2 222 4(4) (17)

2(4)
2 14 272
8
2 1276
8
x
2 1276
8
or
x
15w 2 0
b 2b2 4ac
2a
15 1225 200
50
15 125
50
15 5
50
15 5
or
50
10
1
or 5
50
15 5
50
20
2
or 5
50
w
The solutions are
x
1 2
, .
5 5
10. m2 5m 6 0
b2 4ac 52 4(1) (6)
25 24
49
Since the discriminant is positive, the equation
has 2 real roots.
11. s2 8s 16 0
b2 4ac 82 4(1) (16)
64 64
0
Since the discriminant is 0, the equation has
1 real root.
12.
2z2 z 50
2
2z z 50 50 50
2z2 z 50 0
b2 4ac 12 4(2) (50)
1 400
399
Since the discriminant is negative, the equation
has no real roots.
13. Write an expression for the volume of the pan.
V /wh
(x 4) (x 4) (2)
(x2 8x 16)(2)
2x2 16x 32
The volume is to be 441 cubic centimeters.
; There are no real solutions because the

discriminant is negative.
8.
b 2b2 4ac
2a
(15) 2(15) 2 4(25) (2)

2(25)
w
8.6
1.4
7. 3v2 5v 11 0
v
b 2b2 4ac
2a
w2 5w 25 0
25w2
12
1
6. r2 10r 12 0
r
25 w2 5w 25 25 0
11 2112 4(1) (12)

2(1)
11 1121 48
2
t
w2 25 5w 5w 5w
b 2b2 4ac
2a
11 1169
2
11 13
2
11 13
or
2
w2 25 5w
9.
2 1276
8
2x2 16x 32 441

2x2 16x 409 0
2.3
1.8
x
(16) 2(16) 2 4(2) (409)

2(2)
16 13528
4
16 13528

4

x
or
x
16 13528
4
10.8
18.8
Ignore the negative number. The original sheet
should be about 18.8 cm by 18.8 cm.
467
Chapter 10
Pages 550552
19. r2 25 0
Practice and Apply
14. x2 3x 18 0
x
r
b 2b2 4ac
2a
3 232 4(1) (18)

2(1)
3 181
2
3 9
2
3 9
or
2

x
x
b 2b2 4ac
2a
0 10 4(1) (25)
2(1)
1100
2

20.
2x2 98 28x
2 98 28x 28x 28x
2x
2x2 28x 98 0
3 9
2
6
3
15. v2 12v 20 0
x
b 2b2 4ac
2a
b 2b2 4ac
2a
(28) 2(28) 2 4(2) (98)

2(2)
12 2122 4(1) (20)

2(1)
12 164
2
12 8
2
12 8
or
2
28 10
4
28
or 7
4
v

v
v
21.
12 8
2
10
2
16. 3t2 7t 20 0
t
(7) 2(7) 2 4(3) (20)

2(3)
7 1289
6
7 17
6
7 17
6
10
2
6 or 13

t
s
b 2b2 4ac
2a
or t
7 17
6
24
or 4
6
17. 5y y 4 0

1 181
10
1 9
10
1 9
or
10
4
5
1 9
10
1
1 1113
4
1 1113
4
r
or
1 1113
4
b 2b2 4ac
2a
(7) 2(7) 2 4(2) (3)

2(2)
7 173
4
7 173
4
or
n
7 173
4
0.4
3.9
24.
5v2 7v 1
2 7v 1 1 1
5v
5v2 7v 1 0
18. x2 25 0
1 212 4(2) (14)

2(2)
n
n
y
b 2b2 4ac
2a
2.9
2.4
23. 2n2 7n 3 0

x
40 10
8
40
or
5
8
r
b 2b2 4ac
2a
(1) 2(1) 2 4(5) (4)
2(5)
r
y
(40) 2(40) 2 4(4) (100)

2(4)
The solution set is {5}.

22. 2r2 r 14 0
b 2b2 4ac
2a


y
The solution set is {7}.

4s2 100 40s
2
4s 100 40s 40s 40s
4s2 40s 100 0
b 2b2 4ac
2a
0 202 4(1) (25)
2(1)
1100
2
10
2
v
5
b 2b2 4ac
2a
(7) 2(7) 2 4(5) (1)

2(5)
7 169
10
v
7 169
10
or v
7 169
10
0.1
1.5
Chapter 10
468
25.
11z2 z 3
11z z 3 3 3
11z2 z 3 0
29.
z
b 2b2 4ac
2a
x
(1) 2(1) 2 4(11) (3)

2(11)
1 1133
22
z
1 1133
22
z
or

x
1 1133
22

7 125
4
7 5
4
7 5
or
4

w
27.
7 5
4
1
2
1
3, 2.
2y2 4y 2 0
5
8y2 5y 2 0
b 2b2 4ac
2a
5 189
16
y
5 189
16
y
or
5 189
16
0.3
0.9
1 2
v
2
31.
v4
1 2
3
v v4
2
1 2
3
v v4
2
1 2
3
v v4
2
44
0
2 4(0)
2v 4v 3 0
g
or
The solutions are
v
2 38
48
40
5
or 6
48
3 5
, .
4 6
1.34d2 1.1d 1.02

1.34d 1.1d 1.02 1.02 1.02
1.34d2 1.1d 1.02 0
b 2b2 4ac
2a
(4) 2(4) 2 4(2) (3)

2(2)
4 140
4
v
(5) 2(5) 2 4(8) (2)

2(8)
b 2b 4ac
2a
d
2 11444
48
2 38
48
2 38
48
36
3
or 4
48

28.
(2) 2(2) 2 4(24) (15)

2(24)
g
4 2y2 4y 2 4(0)
0.7 1.7
4
1
4
2y2 4y 2 2 2
2(12g2 g) 15
24g2 2g 15
2 2g 15 15 15
24g
24g2 2g 15 0
g
w
The solutions are
x
2y2 4y 2
y
3
0.7 12.89
4
0.7 1.7
4
0.7 1.7
or
4
2.4
4
30.
b 2b2 4ac
2a
7 272 4(2) (3)
2(2)
0.7 2(0.7) 2 4(2) (0.3)

2(2)

0.6
0.3
0.5
0.6
26.
2w2 (7w 3)
2 (7w 3) (7w 3) (7w 3)
2w
2w2 7w 3 0
w
2x2 0.7x 0.3

2x 0.7x 0.3 0.3 0.3
2x2 0.7x 0.3 0
2
4 140
4
v
4 140
4
0.6
2.6
b 2b 4ac
2a
(1.1) ; 2(1.1) 2 4(1.34) (1.02)
2(1.34)
1.1 14.2572

2.68
469
Chapter 10

next odd integer. Write an equation for the
product and solve.
n(n 2) 255
n2 2n 255
2
n 2n 255 0
32. Write an equation for the perimeter.

2/ 2w 60
Solve for .
2/ 2w 60
2/ 60 2w
2/
2
60 2w
2
n
/ 30 w
Thus, the length and width can be expressed as
30 w and w, respectively. Write an equation for
the area and solve.
(30 w)(w) 221
30w w2 221
2
w 30w 221 0
w

w

n
w
30 4
2
n

n

w
4 11024
4
4 32
4
4 32
or
4
n
4 32
4
36. f(x) 4x2 9x 4

To find the x-intercepts, set f(x) 0 and solve for x.
4x2 9x 4 0
x
21 2212 4(1) (80)

2(1)
w
4 242 4(2) (126)

2(2)
9
7
When n 9, n 2 9 2 or 7.
When n 7, n 2 7 2 or 9.
The numbers are 9 and 7 or 7 and 9.
42 2w
2
21 1121
2
21 11
2
21 11
2
2 32
2
/ 21 w
Thus, the length and width can be expressed as
21 w and w, respectively. Write an equation for
the area and solve.
(21 w)(w) 80
21w w2 80
2
w 21w 80 0
w
n
n2 (n 2) 2 130
n (n2 4n 4) 130
2n2 4n 4 130
2n2 4n 126 0
17
13
When w 17, 30 17 or 13.
When w 13, 30 13 or 17.
The rectangle is 13 in. by 17 in.
33. Write an equation for the perimeter.
2/ 2w 42
Solve for .
2/ 2w 42
2/ 42 2w
2/
2
2 11024
2
2 32
2
2 32
or
2
17
15
When n 17, n 2 17 2 or 15.
When n 15, n 2 15 2 or 17.
The numbers are 17 and 15 or 15 and 17.
next odd integer. Write an equation for the sum of
their squares.
30 2302 4(1) (221)

2(1)
30 116
2
30 4
2
30 4
or
2
2 222 4(1) (255)

2(1)
(9) 2(9) 2 4(4) (4)

2(4)
9 117
8
x
21 11
2
b 2b2 4ac
2a
9 117
8
or x
9 117
8
0.6
1.6
The x-intercepts are about 0.6 and about 1.6.
16
5
When w 16, 21 16 or 5.
When w 5, 21 5 or 16.
The rectangle is 5 cm by 16 cm.
37. f(x) 13x2 16x 4

To find the x-intercepts, set f(x) 0 and solve for x.
13x2 16x 4 0
x
b 2b2 4ac
2a
(16) 2(16) 2 4(13) (4)

2(13)
16 1464
26
x
16 1464
26
or
x
16 1464
26
0.2
1.4
The x-intercepts are about 0.2 and about 1.4.
Chapter 10
470
38. x2 3x 4 0
b2 4ac (3) 2 4(1) (4)
9 16
25
has 2 real roots.
39. y2 3y 1 0
b2 4ac 32 4(1)(1)
94
5
has 2 real roots.
45. f(x) x2 4x 7
The number of x-intercepts is equal to the
number of roots of the equation x2 4x 7 0.
b2 4ac 42 4(1) (7)
16 28
12
Since the discriminant is negative, the graph of
the function has 0 x-intercepts.
46. h(t) 16t2 35t 5
To find how many chances Jorge will have, set
h(t) 25 and solve for t.
25 16t2 35t 5
25 25 16t2 35t 5 25
0 16t2 35t 20
Check the discriminant.
4p2 10p 6.25

4p2 10p 6.25 6.25 6.25
4p2 10p 6.25 0
b2 4ac 102 4(4)(6.25)
100 100
0
1 real root.
41.
1.5m2 m 3.5
2
1.5m m 3.5 3.5 3.5
1.5m2 m 3.5 0
b2 4ac 12 4(1.5)(3.5)
1 21
20
has no real roots.
40.
2r2
42.
1
1
r
2
2
3
2r2 2r 3
2
2r
b2 4ac

1
r
2
1
r
2

2
3
2
3
1 2
0 16t2 35t 5
t
2r 3
4(2)
4 2
n
3
4 2
n
3
4 2
n
3
b2
123 2

t
t
35 11545
32
96 2962 4(16) (96)

2(16)
96 13072
32
96 13072
32
or
t
96 13072
32
4.7
1.3
The distance, s, is 96 feet when t is about
1.3 seconds and again when t is about 4.7 seconds.
4n 3 3 3
4ac 42 4
35 11545
32
t
4n 3
4n 3 0
35 2352 4(16) (5)

2(16)
2.3
0.1
Ignore the negative number. The camera will hit
the ground after about 2.3 seconds.
48. Replace s with 96 and solve for t.
s 96t 16t2
96 96t 16t2
0 16t2 96t 96

has no real roots.
43.
b 2b2 4ac
2a
35 11545
32

t
0
1 2

2
1
16
3
4
3
64
12
12
61
12
b2 4ac (35) 2 4(16)(20)

1225 1280
55
Since the discriminant is negative, there are no
real solutions to the equation. Jorge has no
chances to catch the camera.
47. Set h(t) 0 and solve for t.
143 2 (3)
16 16
0
1 real root.
44. f(x) 7x2 3x 1
The number of x-intercepts is equal to the
number of roots of 7x2 3x 1 0.
b2 4ac (3) 2 4(7)(1)
9 28
37
Since the discriminant is positive, the graph of
the function has 2 x-intercepts.
471
Chapter 10
49. Let L 20, D 6, and H 10. Solve for v.

4v2
5v 2
4v2
5v 2
54. If a population trend can be modeled by a

quadratic function, the Quadratic Formula can be
used to solve when the function equals a
particular value. Answers should include the
following.
15 0.0055t2 0.0796t 5.2810

Original equation
15 15 0.0055t2 0.0796t 5.2810 15
0 0.0055t2 0.0796t 9.7190
Simplify.
1200 HD
L
1200(10) (6)
20
4v 5v 2 3600
4v2 5v 2 3600 3600 3600
4v2 5v 3602 0
v
v
5 157,657
8
b 2b2 4ac
2a
5 252 4(4) (3602)

2(4)
5 157,657
8
v
t
5 157,657
8
t
30.6
29.4
Ignore the negative number. The water is flowing
at a rate of about 29.4 feet per second.
50. The equation 0 ax2 10x 3 will have 2 real
solutions if the discriminant is positive.
b2 4ac 7 0
2
10 4a(3) 7 0
100 12a 7 0
100 12a 100 7 0 100
12a 7 100
12a
12
a 6
100
12
25
or
3
x
1.87 2(1.87) 2 4(0.048) (4)

2(0.048)
1.87 14.264
0.096
or
x
56. C;
x
1.87 14.264
0.096
1.87 2(1.87) 2 4(0.048) (154)

2(0.048)
1.87 133.0649
0.096
1.87 133.0649
0.096
or
x
1.87 133.0649
0.096
79.4
40.4
We would expect the death rate to be 0 per
100,000 79 years after 1970 or about 2049.
Sample answer: No; the death rate from cancer
will never be 0 unless a cure is found. If and
when a cure will be found cannot be predicted.
Chapter 10
t
0.0796 10.22015416
0.011
or t
b 2b2 4ac
2a
Simplify.
0.0796 10.22015416
0.011
5 252 4(2) (1)

2(2)
5 117
4

2
x 8x 7
x2 8x 16 7 16
(x 4) 2 9
x 4 3
x 4 4 3 4
x4 3
x 4 3 or x 4 3
1
7
a2 2a 5 20
58.
a2 2a 5 5 20 5
a2 2a 15
2 2a 1 15 1
a
(a 1) 2 16
a 1 4
a 1 1 4 1
a 1 4
a 1 4 or a 1 4
5
3
57.
0 0.048x2 1.87x 154
0.0796 10.22015416
0.011
Page 552
41.0
2.0
When y 150, x 2.0 or x 41.0.
52. Ignoring the negative solution, we would expect
the death rate to be 150 per 100,000 in 1970 41
or 2011.
53. Solve for x when y 0.
x
t
b2 4ac (5) 2 4(8) (1)

7
83
b 2b2 4ac
2a
1.87 14.264
0.096
(0.0796) 2(0.0796) 4(0.0055) (9.7190)

2(0.0055)
t 35.42
t 49.89
Graphing the related function would not give
precise solutions. The quadratic equation
cannot be factored and completing the square
would involve difficult computations.
55. A; the discriminant is negative.
150 0.048x2 1.87x 154

150 150 0.048x2 1.87x 154 150
0 0.048x2 1.87x 4
x
Quadratic Formula
2
a 0.0055, b 0.0796, and c 9.7190.
The graph of the function has two x-intercepts

1
when a 6 83.
51.
b 2b2 4ac
2a
472
59.
n2 12n 5
n 12n 36 5 36
(n 6) 2 41
n 6 141
n 6 6 141 6
n 6 141
n 6 141 or n 6 141
0.4
12.4
63. 15xy3 y4 y3 (15x) y3 (y)

y3 (15x y)
64. 2ax 6xc ba 3bc (2ax 6xc) (ba 3bc)
2x(a 3c) b(a 3c)
(a 3c) (2x b)
60.
65. 0.000000000000000000001672 1.672 1021

66. x
2
y45
y
x2 x 6
2
x x666
x2 x 6 0
Graph f(x) x2 x 6.
Sample answer:
x
2
1
0
1
2
3
x2
y45
f(x)
0
4
6
6
4
0
f (x )
67. x y 7 2
xy
2
y
f (x ) x 2 x 6
xy2
The x-intercepts of the graph are 2 and 3. The

61.
2x2 x 2
2
2x x 2 2 2
2x2 x 2 0
Graph f(x) 2x2 x 2.
Sample answer:
f (x )
x
f(x)
2
4
1
1
0
2
1
1
2
8
x
xy2
68. y 7 x
y
x4
y
yx4
yx
f (x ) 2x 2 x 2
The x-intercepts of the graph lie between 2 and


69.
2m 7 7 17
2m 7 7 7 17 7
2m 7 10
2m
10
7 2
2
m 7 5
{m 0m 7 5}
70.
2 3x 2
2 3x 2 2 2
3x 4
3x
4
3
3
62. Graph f(x) x2 3x 6.

x
2
1
0
2
4
5
f(x)
4
2
6
8
2
4
f (x )
f (x ) x 2 3x 6
5x 0x
43 6
The x-intercepts of the graph lie between 2 and

473
x
3
Chapter 10
71.
72. c(ax ) 1(24 )

20 8 7k
20 8 8 7k 8
1(16) or 16
28 7k
28
7k
7
7
4 k
{k 0k
4}
73. c(ax ) 3(72 )

3(49) or 147
3. Solve the first equation for y.

1.8x y 3.6
y 3.6 1.8x
Enter y 3.6 1.8x as Y .
1
Enter y x2 3x 1 as Y2.
Graph.
Approximate the first intersection point.
KEYSTROKES: 2nd [CALC] 5 ENTER ENTER
74. c(ax ) 2(53 )

2(125) or 250
ENTER
Page 553

1. Enter y 2(2x 3) as Y .
1
Enter y x2 2x 3 as Y2.
Then graph.
Approximate the intersection point.
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
ENTER
Use the TRACE feature and right arrow to move

the cursor near the other intersection point. Use
the intersect feature again to approximate the
other intersection point.
ENTER
[5, 1] scl: 1 by [1, 15] scl: 1

2. Solve the first equation for y.
y50
y5
Enter y 5 as Y1.
The solutions are approximately (1.6, 6.5) and

(2.8, 1.5).
4. Enter y 1.4x 2.88 as Y .
1
Enter y x2 0.4x 3.14 as Y .

2
Graph.
Enter y x2 as Y .
2
Graph.
ENTER
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
The graphs do not intersect. Thus, the system has

no solution.
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
Use the TRACE feature and left arrow to move

the intersect feature again.

(0.1, 3.1).
Chapter 10
474
5. Enter y x2 3.5x 2.2 as Y1.
Enter y 2x 5.3625 as Y2.

Graph.
Approximate the intersection point.
The graphs are the same shape. The graph of

y 2x 3 is the graph of y 2x translated
3 units up. The graph of y 2x 4 is the graph
of y 2x translated 4 units down.
2. Enter y 2x as Y .
1
ENTER
Enter y 2x5 as Y .
2
ENTER
Enter y 2x4 as Y .
3
Then graph.
[1, 5] scl: 1 by [5, 5] scl: 1

6. Enter y 0.35x 1.648 as Y1.

y 2x 5 is the graph of y 2x translated 5 units
to the left. The graph of y 2x 4 is the graph of
y 2x translated 4 units to the right.
1
Enter y 3x as Y2.
Enter y 5x as Y3.
Then graph.
Enter y 0.2x2 0.28x 1.01 as Y .

2
Graph.
ENTER
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
Use the TRACE feature and left arrow to move

the intersect feature again.
All of the graphs cross the y-axis at 1. The graph

of y 3x is steeper than the graph of y 2x, and
the graph of y 5x is steeper yet.
4. Enter y 3 2x as Y .
1
Enter y 3(2x 1) as Y .
2
Enter y 3(2x 1) as Y3.
Then graph.

(3.5, 0.4).
10-5
Page 556
Exponential Functions
y 3(2x 1) is the graph of y 3(2x) translated
3 units down. The graph of y 3(2x 1) is the
graph of y 3(2x) translated 3 units up.
1
Enter y 2x 3 as Y .
2
Enter y 2x 4 as Y .
3
Then graph.
475
Chapter 10
Pages 557558
6. y 9x
Sample answer:
1. Never; there is no value of x for which ax 0.

2. Sample answer: y 2x
The y-intercept of the graph is 1. The graph
increases quickly for x 0.
y
9x
2
92
1
81
1
91
1
9
0
1
2
90
91
92
80
60
40
1
9
81
4
y 2x
3. Kiski; the graph of y

4. y 3x
Sample answer:
x
3x
2
32
1
9
1
31
1
3
30
0
1
2
3
31
32
33
113 2x decreases as x increases.
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
1
3
9
27
4 3 2 1O
5
12
1 2 3 4x
2
1
0
1
2
12
114 22
114 21
114 20
114 21
114 22
16
4
()
y 14
1
1
4
56
48
40
32
24
16
8
4 3 2 1O
8
2
9
1
231
2
3
4x
230
231
2 32
56
48
40
32
24
16
8
2
6
18
4 3 2 1O
8
4(5x 10)
y 2 3x
1 2 3 4x
2
4(52
1
4(51 10)
395
4(50 10)
4(51 10)
4(52 10)
36
20
60
0
1
2
40
21
10) 3925
1
20
1 2 3 4x
4
1
16
2
4x
20
114 21.7 0.1
Chapter 10
2
232
y 9x
8. y 4(5x 10)
Sample answer:
Sample answer:
1 x
4
2 3x
y 3x
1 x
4
0
1
2
31.2 3.7
5. y
2
20
90.8 5.8
7. y 2 3x
Sample answer:
40
y 4(5x 10)

9. Yes; the domain values are at regular intervals,
and the range values have a common ratio 6.
10. No; the domain values are at regular intervals,
and the range values have a common difference 4.
11. 264 1.84 1019 grains.
476
12. Divide the number of grains by the number of

grains per pound to find the number of pounds.
1.84 1019
2.4 104
10
11.84
2.4 2 1 10 2
16. y
Sample answer:
19
4
1015
x
2
1
0
1014
0.767
or 7.67
Now divide the number of pounds by 2000 of
2 103 to find the number of tons.
7.67 1014
2 103
115 2x
10
17.67
2 2 1 10 2
y
25
5
1
40
30
14
3
3.84 1011
The man will receive about 3.84 1011 tons of
rice the last day.
1
5
1
25
20
x
(1)
y 5
4
2
10
O
4x
Pages 558560
115 20.5 0.4
Practice and Apply
13. y 5x
Sample answer:
x
17. y 6x
Sample answer:
y
2
1
25
1
1
5
0
1
2
40
30
20
1
5
25
4
2
10
y 5x
2
1
1
10
40
10
2
y 10x
2
2
2
1
64
y 6x
1
1
8
80
4x
60
40
20
4
2
y 8x
2
4x
80.8 5.3
19. y 5(2x )
Sample answer:
1101 2x
y
100
10
1
40
30
20
1
10
x
(1)
1
100
20
4x
Sample answer:
40
1
6
36
0 1
1 8
2 64
100.3 2.0
60
4
20
4
x
2
1
0
1
6
4x
30
0
1
1
10
2 100
15. y
1
80
60.3 1.7
18. y 8x
Sample answer:
y
1
100
2
1
36
0
1
2
51.1 5.9
14. y 10x
Sample answer:
x
y 10
4
2
2
1
14
1
22
0
1
2
10
O
4x
40
30
20
5
10
20
10
4
1101 21.3 20.0
2
y 5(2x)
2
4x
477
Chapter 10
20. y 3(5x )
Sample answer:
x
40
3
25
2
30
3
5
1
0
1
2
24. y 5(2x ) 4
Sample answer:
20
3
15
75
4
2
2
8
69
30
10
2
1
44
2
4x
10
16
5
6
8
4
2
4x
1
3
0
1
2
1
5
17
y 2(3x) 1
O
Chapter 10
4x
23
30
20
4
8
20
10
y 2(3x 1)
2
4x
4x
2
1
144
1
132
20
12
9
3
10
4
2
O
10
y 3(2x 5)

and the range values have a common difference 3.
and the range values have a common ratio 0.5.
but the range values do not have a positive
common ratio.
but the range values do not change.
2
1
0
1
2
y 2x 4
y
7
9
2
40
4
23. y 2(3x ) 1
Sample answer:
x
2
2
29
y3 7
4
y 5(2x) 4
12
42
0
1
2
10
26. y 3(2x 5)
Sample answer:
1
20
9
14
24
0
1
2

22. y 2x 4
Sample answer:
x
30
4
20
4
62
25. y 2(3x 1)
Sample answer:
1 63
0 6
1 4
2
2
3 20
1
40
4x
21. y 3x 7
Sample answer:
x
2
1
54
0
1
2
y 3(5x )
10
478
33. T(x) 12(1.12)x

In 2005, x 10.
T(10) 12(1.12)10
37.27
In 2005, the sales are expected to be about
$37.27 million.
In 2006, x 11.
T(11) 12(1.12)11
41.74
$41.74 million.
In 2007, x 12.
T(12) 12(1.12)12
46.75
$46.75 million.
34. T(x) 12(1.12)x
Sample answer:
x
0
1
2
3
T(x)
12
13.44
15.05
16.86
16
40. D(x) 20(1.1)x

Week
1
2
3
4
41. Continue to find D(x) for integers greater than 4.

A partial table is shown.
Week
9
10
42. Graph y 5x and y
2
graph of y
T (x )
4x

35. The y-intercept represents the sales 0 years after
1995. There were $12 million in sales in 1995.
36. There are four 15-minute time periods in
one hour. Thus, the process will be completed
four times. Each time the number of bacteria
doubles. Thus, there are 100 (24) or 1600 bacteria
after one hour.
1
37. Since 3 of the schools remain after each round, we

1
multiply by 3 for each round.
y 729
115 2x is the graph of y 5x reflected
around the y-axis.

43. Graph y 5x and y 5x 2 in the same
coordinate plane or viewing rectangle. You will
see that the graph of y 5x 2 is the graph of
y 5x translated 2 units up.
44. Graph y 5x and y 5x 4 in the same
coordinate plane or viewing rectangle. You will
see that the graph of y 5x 4 is the graph of
y 5x translated 4 units down.
45. If the number of items on each level of a piece of
art is a given number times the number of items
on the previous level, an exponential function can
be used to describe the situation. Answers should
For the carving of the pliers, y 2x.
For this situation, x is an integer between 0
and 8, inclusive. The values of y are 1, 2, 4, 8,
16, 32, 64, 128, and 256.
T (x ) 12(1.12)x
115 2x in the same coordinate
plane or viewing rectangle. You will see that the
4
4
Distance(miles)
about 47.2
about 51.9
The runner will exceed 50 miles for the first time

in the 10th week.
12
8
Distance (miles)
22
24.2
26.62
29.282
113 2x
38. Let x 3.
113 23
1
729 1 27 2
y 729
y 2x
27
There are 27 schools after 3 rounds.
39. Consider y for various values of x. In particular,
let x 6.
46. B; f(x) 6x is an exponential function since the

variable is the exponent.
47. A; graph y 2x and y 6x in the same coordinate
plane or viewing rectangle. You will see that the
graph of y 6x is steeper than the graph of y 2x.
113 26
1
729 1 729 2
y 729
1
After 6 rounds, there will be only one school
remaining. This school is the winner.
479
Chapter 10
Page 560
x
b 2b2 4ac
2a
(9) 2(9) 2 4(1) (36)

2(1)
9 1225
2
9 15
2
9 15
or
2

x
x
9 15
2
3
12
49. 2t2 3t 1 0
t
54.
b 2b2 4ac
2a
3 232 4(2) (1)

2(2)
3 117
4
t
3 117
4
t
or
55.
56.
3 117
4
1.8
0.3
50.
57.
5y2 3 y
23yyy
5y
5y2 y 3 0
y
b 2b2 4ac
2a
(1) 2(1) 2 4(5) (3)

2(5)
1 159
10
; Since the discriminant is negative, there are

no real solutions.
x2 7x 10
51.
49
4
7 2
2
7
x2
7
7
2
2
x2 7x
1x
x
10
9
3
2
3
2 2
7
49
4
4
x2
x22
or
x
3
2
7
2
2
58.
2
5
52.
t2 6t 3 0
53.
48. x2 9x 36 0
a2 12a 3
a 12a 36 3 36
(a 6) 2 39
a 6 ; 139
2
60.
t 6t 3 3 0 3
t2 6t 3
t2 6t 9 3 9
(t 3) 2 6
t 3 ; 16
t 3 3 ; 16 3
t 3 16
t 3 16 or t 3 16
5.4
0.6
Two numbers whose product is 40 and whose sum
is 14 are 10 and 4.
m2 14m 40 (m 10)(m 4)
Among all pairs of integers whose product is 35,
there are no pairs whose sum is 2. Thus,
t2 2t 35 is prime.
A pair of numbers whose product is 24 and
whose sum is 5 and 8 and 3.
z2 5z 24 (z 8)(z 3)
Let n be the first number.
Let m be the second number.
Solve the following system.
3n 2m
2n m 3
Solve the second equation for m.
2n m 3
2n 3 m
Substitute 2n 3 for m in the first equation and
solve for m.
3n 2m
3n 2(2n 3)
3n 4n 6
3n 4n 6
n 6
n6
Use m 2n 3 to find m.
m 2n 3
2(6) 3 or 9
59.
x7 7 2
10 x 8
x77 7 27
10 8 x 8 8
x 7 5
2x
{x|x 7 5}
{x|x
2}
y 7 6 12
y 7 7 6 12 7
y 6 5
{y|y 6 5}
a 6 6 ; 139 6
1
61. p(1 r) t 5 1 2 2
a 6 139
a 6 139 or a 6 139
0.2
12.2
5(1.5)
5(2.25)
11.25
1
62. p(1 r) t 300 1 4 3
300(1.25) 3

300(1.953125)
585.9375
Chapter 10
480
63. p(1 r) t 100(1 0.2) 2

100(1.2) 2
100(1.44)
144
5. y 5x 4
Sample answer:
64. p(1 r) t 6(1 0.5) 3

6(1.5) 3
6(3.375)
20.25
Page 560
1.
2
24
325
1
35
3
1
21
0
1
2
y 5x 4
Practice Quiz 2
x2 2x 35
2 2x 35 35 35
x
x2 2x 35 0
x
b 2b2 4ac
2a
2 222 4(1) (35)

2(1)
2 1144
2
2 12
2
2 12
x
2

2 12
10-6 Growth and Decay

Page 563
or
x
2
7
5
2. 2n2 3n 5 0
n
b 2b2 4ac
2a
(3) 2(3) 2 4(2) (5)

2(2)
3 131
4
1. Exponential growth is an increase by the same

percent over a period of time, while exponential
decay is a decrease by the same percent over a
period of time.
2. Determine the amount of the investment if $500
is invested at an interest rate of 7% compounded
quarterly for 6 years.
3. Sample answer:
y
; Since the discriminant is negative, there are

no real solutions.
3.
2v2 4v 1
4v 1 1 1
2v2 4v 1 0
2v2
v
v
4 124
4
b 2b2 4ac
2a
(4) 2(4) 2 4(2) (1)

2(2)
4 124
4
or
v
r) t
4. I C(1
I 37,060(1 0.005) t
I 37,060(1.005) t
5. First find t.
t 2009 1979 or 30
I 37,060 (1.005) 30
43,041
The median household income in 2009 is expected
to be $43,041.
4 124
4
0.2
2.2
4. y 0.5(4x )
Sample answer:
x
2
1
0
1
2
y
0.01325
0.125
0.5
2
8
r
6. A P 1 n nt
A 400 1
A 400(1.018125) 28
A 661.44
The investment will be about $661.44.
y 0.5(4x)
O
0.0725 47
4
The y-intercept is 0.5.
481
Chapter 10
16. y C(1 r) t
y 2,405,000(1 0.011) t
y 2,405,000(0.989) t
In 2015, t 2015 2000 or 15.
y 2,405,000(0.989) 15
y 2,037,321
In 2015, the population of Latvia will be about
2,037,321.
7. Write an equation.
y C(1 r) t
y 1,821,000(1 0.002) t
y 1,821,000(0.998) t
Find t.
t 2010 1995 or 15
y 1,821,000(0.998) 15
y 1,767,128
The population of West Virginia will be about
1,767,128 in 2010.
8. y C(1 r) t
y 16,000(1 0.18) 8
17. y C(1 r) t
y 2,976,400,000(1 0.186) t
y 2,976,400,000(0.814) t
In 2009, t 2009 1994 or 15.
y 2,976,400,000(0.814) 15
y 135,849,289
In 2009, the sales of cassettes will be about
$135,849,289.
18. y C(1 r) t
y 71,601(1 0.0563) t
y 71,601(1.0563) t
In 2020, t 2020 1920 or 100.
y 71,601(1.0563) 100
y 17,125,650
There will be about 17,125,650 visitors in 2020.
19. y C(1 r) t
y 25,000(1 0.10) 8
y 25,000(0.9) 8
y 10,761.68
After 8 years, the equipment will be worth about
$10,761.68.
20. y C(1 r) t
y 23,000(1 0.12) 5
y 23,000(0.88) 5
y 12,137.83
In 5 years, the value of the car will be about
$12,137.83.
21. In 2010, t 2010 1900 or 110.
P 3.86(1.013) 110
P 15.98
In 2010, about 15.98% of the population will be 65
or older.
y 16,000(0.82) 8
y 3270.63
After 8 years, the value of the car will be about
$3270.63.
Pages 563565
Practice and Apply
9. y C(1 r) t
y 18.9(1 0.19) t
y 18.9(1.19) t
10. In 2015, t 2015 1980 or 35.
y 18.9(1.19) 35
y 8329.24
In 2015, there will be about 8329.24 computers.
11. W C(1 r) t
W 43.2(1 0.06) t
W 43.2(1.06) t
12. In 2007, t 2007 1997 or 10.
W 43.2(1.06) 10
W 77.36
In 2007, about 77.36 million people will be using
free weights.
13. Write an equation.
y C(1 r) t
y 100,350,000(1 0.017) t
y 100,350,000(1.017) t
In 2012, t 2012 2000 or 12.
y 100,350,000(1.017) 12
y 122,848,204
In 2012, the population of Mexico will be about
122,848,204.
14. A P 1
r nt
t
A 500 1
22.
A 250 1
r nt
t
0.103
4 440
A 14,607.78
The amount will be about $14,607.78.
Chapter 10
P
19.91
20.16
The percentage of the population 65 or older will

first be over 20% when t 128 or about 2028.
23. This equation represents growth since 1.026 7 1.
1 r 1.026
r 0.026
The annual rate of change is 2.6%.
24. This equation represents decay, since 0.761 6 1.
1 r 0.761
r 0.239
r 0.239
The annual rate of change is 2.39%.
0.0575 1225
12
A 2097.86
The amount will be about $2097.86.
15. A P 1
t
127
128
482
5730
34. y 2x 5
Sample answer:
x
y
25. y 256(0.5) 5730

y 256(0.5) 1
y 128
There are 128 grams of Carbon-14 remaining.
1000
26. y 256(0.5) 5730

y 226.83
There are about 226.83 grams of Carbon-14
remaining.
2
3
44
1
1
42
0
1
2
10,000
27. y 256(0.5) 5730

y 76.36
There will about 76.36 grams of Carbon-14
remaining.
28.
t
17,190
The organism lived 17,190 years ago.

30. If the sales are growing by the same percent each
year, an exponential equation can be used to
model sales and predict future sales. Answers
The equation states that the new value equals
the amount in the year 1994, or $1698 times
the sum of 1 plus 4.6% raised to the power,
that is equal to the number of years since
1994.
According to the equation, the average family
will spend about $3486.94 for restaurant
meals in 2010.
31. C; In the equation y 35(1.05x ), the exponent is
the variable and the base is greater than 1.
33. y
12
2
1
223
20
y 4(3x 6)
b 2b2 4ac
2a
(9) 2(9) 2 4(1) (10)
2(1)
9 11
2
1
10
2t2 4t 3
37.
2t2 4t 3 3 3
2t2 4t 3 0
16
12
t
8
4
2
4x
9 1121
2
9 11
2
9 11
or m 2
t
4
1
64
2
10
m
1
8
4
20
12
12
Sample answer:
10
m
y
64
8
1

36. m2 9m 10 0
1 x
8
x
2
1
0
5
239
0
1
2
0.0825 4.4
4
A 6931.53
Page 565
4
3
1
r nt
A 5000 1
y 2x 5

35. y 4(3x 6)
Sample answer:
x
y
y
32
32. D; A P 1 n
(4) 2(4) 2 4(2) (3)

2(2)
4 140
4
or
t
4 140
4
0.6
2.6
38. 7x2 3x 1 0
(1)
y 8
4 140
4
b 2b2 4ac
2a
x
4x
3 232 4(7) (1)

2(7)
3 119
14
; There are no real solutions since the

39. m7 (m3b2 ) (m7m3 )b2
m10b2
483
Chapter 10
40. 3(ax3y) 2 3a2 (x3 ) 2y2

3a2x6y2
4a. Angela bought a car for $18,500. If the rate of

depreciation is 11%, find the value of the car in
4 years.
41. (0.3x3y2 ) 2 0.32 (x3 ) 2 (y2 ) 2

0.09x6y4
42. |7x 2| 2
; There are no solutions since absolute value is
never negative.
43. |3x 3| 0
3x 3 0
3x 3
x1
The solution is 1.
44.
t 4 3
or
t 4 3
t43
t 4 4 3 4
t4434
t 1
t 7
{t|t 7 or t 1}
45. slope
4b. y C(1 r) t; 18,500(1 0.11) 4 or about

$11,607.31
5a. The population of Centerville is increasing at an
average annual rate of 3.5%. If its current
population is 12,500, predict its population in
5 years.
5b. y C(1 r) t; y 12,500(1 0.035) 5 or about
14,846 people
Geometric Sequences
10-7
Page 569
2
1
0.24
Yes, the hill meets the requirements since
0.24 6 0.33.
46. 8
11 14 17
?
2
The common ratio is 2.

16

3
3
3
3
2
1

are 5.9, 7.0, and 8.1.
Reading Mathematics
2
O
8
16
r nt
2. A P 1 n ; since the final amount is greater

than the initial amount, P is multiplied by a
number greater than 1. Also, the annual rate is
divided by the number of times it is compounded
per year. Time is equal to nt because this is the
total number of times that the interest is
compounded over the course of t years.
3a. Suppose that $2500 is invested at an annual
rate of 6%. If the interest is compounded
quarterly, find the value of the account after
5 years.
$3367.14
Chapter 10
; A 2500 1
0.06 4(5)
4
an
1. y C(1 r) t; Since the final amount is less than

the initial amount, the initial amount is
multiplied by a number less than 1. If an amount
is decreased by r percent, then 1 r percent will
remain.

16
r nt
2. 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, . . .

Divide the second term by the first.

1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
16

are 5, 8, and 11.
48. 1.5
2.6 3.7 4.8 ?
3b. A P 1 n
8

3
3
3
3
an

20, 23, and 26.
47. 7
4
1 2
?
Page 566
Algebra Activity
1. 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, . . .
rise
run
60
250
or about
484
7. Graphs 1, 3, and 5those with positive common

factorsappear to be similar to an exponential
function.
8. Both types of graphs show rapid change. If r 7 0,
the graph of the geometric sequence is similar to an
exponential function. If r 6 0, the graph of the
geometric sequence has points above and below the
n-axis and is not similar to an exponential function.
3. 81, 27, 9, 3, 1, . . .
27
81
3
1

80
an
40
O
9. The two values c(ax ) and a rn1 are very similar.

1
Both have a number multiplied by another
number that is raised to a power.
40
Page 570
80
4. 81, 27, 9, 3, 1, . . .

27
81
3
1

80
an
40
O
40
80
5. 0.2, 1, 5, 25, 125, . . .

1
0.2
5

100

3
3
3
an
Yes; the common ratio is 3.

5. 56 28 14 7
50
O

1
1
1
1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2
6. 25
15
10
No; the difference between successive terms is

constant. This sequence is arithmetic, not
geometric.
7. 5, 20, 80, 320, . . .
6. 0.2, 1,5, 25,125, . . .

5
20
5
an
4

Multiply by 4 three more times. The next three
terms are 1280, 5120, and 20,480.
8. 176, 88, 44, 22, . . .
50
O
20

5
5
5
100
100
Yes, the common ratio is 2.
50
1
0.2
1. Both arithmetic sequences and geometric

sequences are lists of related numbers. In an
arithmetic sequence, each term is found by
adding the previous term to a constant called the
common difference. In a geometric sequence, each
term is found by multiplying the previous term by
a constant called the common ratio.
2. If a common ratio equals 0, all of the terms except
possibly the first term will equal 0, since any
number times 0 equals 0. If a common ratio
equals 1, all of the terms will equal the first term,
since 1 is the multiplicative identity.
3. Sample answer:
1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, . . .
The difference between the first and second terms
is 4 1 or 3, and the difference between the
second and third terms is 9 4 or 5. Since these
are not equal, the sequence is not arithmetic. The
4
9
corresponding ratios are 1 or 4 and 4. Since these
are not equal, the sequence is not geometric.
4. 5 15 45 135
50
88
176
100
2 or 0.5
The common ratio is 0.5.

Multiply by 0.5 three more times. The next
three terms are 11, 5.5, and 2.75.
485
Chapter 10
9. 8, 12, 18, 27, . . .

12
8
18. 7
The common ratio is 1.5.

three terms are 40.5, 60.75, and 91.25.
No; the difference between consecutive terms is

geometric.
20. 640 160 40 10
a6 (1) 25
a6 (1) 32
a6 32

1
1
1
40
12. a a rn1
n
1
a7 4 (3) 71
a 4
7
21. 36
3
Yes; the common ratio is 4.5.

25. 1, 4, 16, 64, . . .
4
1
r
114 2 12 or
6
1
4r2
4
25 r2
5 r
The geometric mean is (4)(5) 20 or
(4) (5) 20.
512
1024
112
224
0.5
Multiply by 0.5 three more times. The next three

terms are 14, 7, and 3.5.
29. 80, 20, 5, 1.25, . . .
The perimeter of the smallest triangle is 7.5 cm.
20
80
0.25

three terms are 0.3125, 0.078125, and
0.01953125.
Practice and Apply

24

3
3
3
Chapter 10
0.5

terms are 64, 32, and 16.
28. 224, 112, 56, 28, . . .
Perimeter
120cm
120(0.5) or 60 cm
60(0.5) or 30 cm
30(0.5) or 15 cm
15(0.5) or 7.5 cm
Pages 571572
6

terms are 1296, 7776 and 46,656.
27. 1024, 512, 256, 128, . . .
100 (4) r2
Triangle
Largest
Next largest
Next largest
Next largest
Smallest
4

terms are 256, 1024, and 4096.
26. 1, 6, 36, 216, . . .
a3 a1 r31
18
21
3
90
405 1822.5

(4.5) (4.5) (4.5)
r2
3
23. 20
48r2
48
1 2
17. 2
63

1
1
The geometric mean is 48

1
48 4 12.
16.
16
7r2
7
189

1
3 48 r2
100
4
25
22. 567
4 r2
2 r
The geometric mean is 7(2) 14 or 7(2) 14.
14. a3 a1 r31
15.
16
1
.
40
No; the ratios are not the same.
25
36
13. a3 a1 r31
28 7 r2
3
48
1
16
1
4
40

25
16
9
(3) 6
a 2916
40
Yes; the common ratio is
a 4 729
7
28
7
37

3
3
3
11. a a rn1
n
1
a6 (1) 261
a5 3 44
a5 3 256
a5 768
27

geometric.
19. 19 16 13 10
2 or 1.5
10. a a rn1
n
1
a5 3 451
17

10 10 10
486
30. 10,000, 200, 4, 0.08, . . .

200
10,000
41. a a rn1
n
1
a10 300 (0.5) 101
0.02
a10 300 (0.5) 9

a10 300 0.001953125 or 0.5859375

three terms are 0.0016, 0.000032, and
0.00000064.
1 1 2
42. a a rn1
n
1
a6 14 (1.5) 61
31. 2, 3, 9, 27, . . .
a6 14 (1.5) 5
a 14 7.59375 or 106.3125

1
3
1
2
43. a a r31
3
1
3
20 5 r2
2
3
Multiply by
terms are
20
5
three more times. The next three
8 16
,
,
81 243
and
5r2
5
4 r2
2 r
32
.
729
3 1 1 2
32. 4, 2, 3, 9, . . .
1
2
3
4
44. a a r31
3
1
54 6 r2
3
54
6
Multiply by
2
3
16

33. The area of the original rectangle is 6 8 or
48 square inches. Multiply by 0.5 four times to
find the areas of the next four rectangles. The
areas of the five rectangles are 48 in2, 24 in2,
12 in2, 6 in2, and 3 in2.
34. Multiply the measurement of the first angle by
0.5 three times to find the measurements of the
other three angles. The measurements are 160
,
80
, 40
, and 20
.
35. a a rn1
n
1
a7 5 271
45.
a3 a1 r31
225 (9) r2
225
9
9r2
9
25 r2
5 r
The geometric mean is (9) 5 45 or
(9) (5) 45.
46.
36. a a rn1
n
1
a5 4 351
a7 5 26
a7 5 64 or 320
6r2
6
9 r2
3 r

8
a3 a1 r31
80 (5) r2
80
5
a5 4 34
a5 4 81 or 324
5r2
5
16 r2
4 r
The geometric mean is (5)4 20 or
(5)(4) 20.
37. a a rn1
n
1
a4 (2) (5) 41
a4 (2) (5) 3
a4 (2) (125) or 250
47. a a r31
3
1
8 128 r2
38. a a rn1
n
1
a6 3 (4) 61
8
128
1
16
1
4
(4) 5
a6 3
a6 3 (1024) or 3072
39. a a rn1
n
1
a3 (8) 631
128r2
128
r2
r
1 2 32.

128
1
4
114 2 32 or
48. a a r31
3
1
5 180 r2
a3 (8) 62
a3 (8) 36 or 288
5
180
1
36
1
6
40. a a rn1
n
1
a8 (10) 281
27
a8 (10)
a8 (10) 128 or 1280
180r2
180
r2
r
1 12

180 6 30.
487
116 2 30 or
Chapter 10
49.
a3 a1 r31
98 (2) r2
98
2
58. Multiply 848 by 0.75 six times to find the level on

the next six days. The levels during the first week
are 848, 636, 477, 357.75, 268.3125, 201.234375,
and 150.9257813 parts per million.
2r2
2
49 r2
7 r
(2) (7) 14.
50.
59. a 848(0.75) 14 or about 15.1

15
a16 848(0.75) 15 or about 11.3
The lake will be safe in 16 days.
60. Sample answer: Although the amount of pesticide
will become very small, 75% of something will
always be something. Therefore, there will always
be pesticides according to this model.
a3 a1 r31
384 (6) r2
384
6
6r2
6
61. Always; if each term of a geometric sequence

whose nth term is a rn1 is multiplied by a
64 r2
8 r
(6) (8) 48.
51.
nonzero real number c, the nth term of the new

sequence is c(a rn1 ) or (c a )rn1, which is a
1
1
geometric sequence.
a3 a1 r31
62. Never; if the same nonzero real number is added

to each term of a geometric sequence, the
resulting sequence will have an nth term of the
a1rn1 b, which is not in the form of a
geometric sequence.
3
63. Since the distance of each bounce is 4 times the
distance of the last bounce, the list of the
distances from the stopping place is a geometric
sequence. Answers should include the following.
1.75 7 r2
1.75
7
7r2
7
0.25 r2
0.5 r
The geometric mean is 7(0.5) 3.5 or
7(0.5) 3.5.
52.
a3 a1 r31
0.75 3 r2
0.75
3
To find the 10th term, multiply the first term

3
80 by 4 to the 9th power.
The 17th bounce will be the first bounce less
than 1 ft from the resting place.
3r2
3
0.25 r2
0.5 r
The geometric mean is 3(0.5) 1.5 or
3(0.5) 1.5.
53.
100
64. C; The common ratio is 40 or 2.5. To find the next

term, multiply 625 by 2.5. The next term is
1562.5.
a3 a1 r31
3
20
5 3
3 20
1
4
1
2
5 r2
49
1 2 1 2
The geometric mean is

54.
a3 a1 r31
2
45
5 2
2 45
1
9
1
3
1 2
66. The terms are getting closer to 0.

67. The limit is 0.
r2
r
1 2 103 or 35 112 2 103 .
68. If 0 6 r 6 1, the nth term will approach 0. If

r 7 1, the nth term will approach infinity.
3 1
5 2
5 r2
1 2
Page 572
5 2 2
r
5
2
r
69. A P 1 n n t
r2
r
65. The common ratio is 343 or 7. To find the next

1
1
term, multiply 1 by 7. The next term is 7.
5 3 2
r
3 5
A 1500 1
1 2 152 or 25 113 2 152 .
0.065 12 3
12
55. Multiply 10 by 0.6 three times. The heights of

three rebounds are 6 m, 3.6 m, and 2.16 m.
56. Multiply 10 by 2 five times to find the next
five scores. The first six scores are 10, 20, 40, 80,
160, and 320.
1822.01
The value of the investment will be about
$1822.01.
but the range values have a common difference 2.
and the range values have a common factor 3.
57. a 10 216 or 655,360

17
a18 10 217 or 1,310,720
72. 7a2 22a 3 7a2 a 21a 3

a(7a 1) 3(7a 1)
(7a 1) (a 3)
2 1
5 3
The score will be greater than a million when

18 questions are answered correctly.
Chapter 10
488
73. 2x2 5x 12 2x2 3x 8x 12

x(2x 3) 4(2x 3)
(2x 3)(x 4)
Richter Number
(x)
74. 3c2 3c 5 is prime.
Page 573
Algebra Activity:
1. The graph begins by increasing slowly and then

increases rapidly for the last few values.
1,000,000
900,000
800,000
700,000
600,000
500,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
0
0.00017
0.006
0.179
0.173
4.821
0.00583
179
174
5643
5464
179,100
173,357
The regression equation is y 5.54 10 6 (31.7x ) .

Page 574
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7x
y
200,000
180,000
160,000
140,000
120,000
d; exponential growth equation

g; quadratic function
i; symmetry
a; equation of axis of symmetry
c; exponential function
i; vertex
b; exponential decay equation
h; roots
f; Quadratic Formula
e; parabola
Pages 574578
11. In y x2 2x, a 1 and b 2.
100,000
80,000
x
x
60,000
40,000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x
The graph begins increasing slowly and then

increases rapidly for the last few values. Use the
slope formula to find the values for the table.
0.006 0.00017
2 1
0.179 0.006
3 2
5 0.179
4 3
179 5
5 4
5643 179
6 5
179000 5643
7 6
b
2a
2
2(1)
or 1
x 1 is the equation of the axis of

symmetry.
y (1) 2 2(1)
12
1
20,000
0
Rate of Change
(slope)
There is no constant value that can be multiplied

by each rate of change to obtain the next value.
2. No.
3. No; the rate of change between any two points is
always a different value.
4. To move from one rate of change to the next, you
multiply by 10.
5. The regression equation is y 0.1(10x ) .
6.
Energy Released
(y)
0.00583
0.173
4.821
174
5464
173,357
y x 2x
489
Chapter 10
12. In y 3x2 4, a 3 and b 0.

x
x
b
2a
0
2(3)

or 0
8
4

y 3(0) 4
4
6 5 4 3 2 1O
4
8
12
16
20
24
y 3x 2 6x 17
x
x
13. In y x2 3x 4, a 1 and b 3.

x
The
12

y
or 0
y 2x 2 1 y
or 2
b
2a
0
2(2)

y 2(0) 2 1
1
b
2a
(3)
2(1)
1 2x
15. In y 2x2 1, a 2 and b 0.
y 3x 2 4
x
12
3 2
3
2 32 4
9
9
424
25
4
3 25
vertex is 2, 4 .

16. In y x2 3x, a 1 and b 3.

x
x
b
2a
(3)
2(1)
or 2

y

y x 2 3x 4
132 22 3132 2
9
4
9
4
2
The vertex is
14. In y
3x2
6x 17, a 3 and b 6.
x
b
2a
6
2(3)
or 1
x
132, 94 2.

y
y x 2 3x

y 3(1) 2 6(1) 17
3 6 17
20
Chapter 10
490
17. Graph f(x) x2 x 12.

Sample answer:
x
3
1
1
3
4
f(x)
0
10
12
6
0
21.
2
4 3 2 1O
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
f (x )
1 2 3 4x
x
3
4
5
6
7
f (x ) x 2 x 12
The solutions are 3 and 4, the x-intercepts of

the graph.
22.
6x2 13x 15
13x 15 15 15
6x2 13x 15 0
Sample answer:
x
1
0
1
2
3
The solution is 3, the x-intercept of the graph.

19. Graph f(x) x2 4x 3.
Sample answer:
f(x)
2
3
7
3
2
f(x)
4
15
22
17
0
f (x )
1O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x
4
8
12
16
20
24
2
28 f (x ) 6x 13x 15
f (x )
x
One root is 3, and the other root is between 1

and 0.
23.
3x2 4 0
3x2 4 4 0 4
3x2 4
4
x2 3
f (x ) x 2 4x 3
One root is between 5 and 4, and the other

x 3 3
x 1.2
The solution set is {1.2, 1.2}.
20. Graph f(x) 2x2 5x 4.

Sample answer:
x
1
0
1
2
3
6x2
f (x ) x 2 6x 9
x
5
4
2
0
1
f (x )
The solutions are 3 and 7, the x-intercepts of the

graph.
f (x )
f(x)
4
1
0
1
4
f(x)
0
3
4
3
0
f (x ) x 2 10x 21
18. Graph f(x) x2 6x 9.

Sample answer:
x
5
4
3
2
1
x2 10x 21
x 10x 21 21 21
x2 10x 21 0
Graph f(x) x2 10x 21.
Sample answer:
2
f(x)
11
4
1
2
7
24.
f (x ) 2x 2 5x 4
O
x2 16x 32 0
x 16x 32 32 0 32
x2 16x 32
2 16x 64 32 64
x
(x 8) 2 32
x 8 132
x 8 8 132 8
x 8 132
x 8 132 or x 8 132
x 2.3
x 13.7
2
f (x )
; The graph has no x-intercepts. Therefore, the

equation has no real solutions.
491
Chapter 10
m2 7m 5
25.
m2
49
7m 4
7 2
m2
7
m2
29.
5
69
4
x
69
3 4
69
m 2 2 3 4 2
m
m
7
2
69
34
7
2
or
69
34
7
2
m

69
34
x
4a2 16a 15 0
1
(4a2
4
16a 15)
a2 4a
a2 4a
15
4
15
4
15
4
30. r2 10r 9 0
1
(0)
4
r
0
0
15
4
15
a2 4a 4
a2
4a 4
2) 2
(a
a2
a22
a
a 2
1
2
15
4 4
1
4
1
2
1
2 2
1
2 2
r
31.
2 or 1.5
1 2
y 2y 1
2
1 2
y 2y 1
2
0
2 2(0)
p
y2 4y 2 0
2 4y 2 2 0 2
y
y2 4y 2
2 4y 4 2 4
y
(y 2) 2 6
y 2 16
y 2 2 16 2
y 2 16
32.
5
4
1n 32 22 1
4
n 2 1
3
n 2 2 1 2
n 1.5 1
n 1.5 1 or n 1.5 1
0.5
2.5
Chapter 10
8 282 4(2) (3)

2(2)
8 140
4
8 140
4
or
y
8 140
4
3.6
0.4
n2 3n 4
9
b 2b2 4ac
2a
y
n2 3n 4 4 0 4
n2 3n 4
2y2 3 8y
3 8y 8y 8y
2y2 8y 3 0
y
5
5
4 242 4(4) (15)

2(4)
4 1256
8
4 16
8
4 16
4 16
or p
8
8
2y2
n2 3n 4 0
5
b 2b2 4ac
2a
2.5
1.5
y 2 16 or y 2 16
4.4
0.4
28.
4p2 4p 15
4p 4p 15 15 15
4p2 4p 15 0
p

27.
10 2102 4(1) (9)

2(1)
10 164
2
10 8
2
10 8
10 8
or r
2
2
2 or 2.5
b 2b2 4ac
2a
9
1
a 2 2
or
b 2b2 4ac
2a
(8) 2(8) 2 4(1) (20)
2(1)
8 1144
2
8 12
2
8 12
8 12
or x 2
2
2
10
0.7
7.7
26.
x2 8x 20
x 8x 20 20 20
x2 8x 20 0
2
49
4
492
33.
2d2 8d 3 3
2d 8d 3 3 3 3
2d2 8d 0
d
8 282 4 (2) (0)

2(2)
8 164
4
8 8
4
8 8
or
4

d
d
5 1613
42
or
0.7
5500(1.004375) 180
12,067.68
The final amount is $12,067.68.
a
5 1613
42
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
3 2 1O
2
43. an a1 rn1
2 3
a4 7 3
12
8
7 1 27 2
1 2 3 4 5x
y 3x 2
4
2
1
1
2
243
81
a3 a1 r31
45.
20 5r2
1
(20)
5
r2
4 r2
2 r
1 2x
a3 a1 r31
46.
48 12r2
1
(48)
12
Sample answer:
1
0
1
1 2
1
243 1 81 2
3
y
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
12
44. an a1 rn1
1
a3 243 3 4
56
1 x
2
2
0.0975 365 40

365
27
1
3
9
27
42. an a1 rn1
a5 2(24 )
2(16)
32
y 3x 6
1
3
0.075 12 25
12
500(1.000267123) 14,600
$24,688.36
O
The y-intercept is 9. 6 5 4 3 2 12
37. y 2
A 500 1
36. y 3x2
Sample answer:
x
y
2
1
0
1
r
41. A P 1 n nt
0.5
1
69
1
63
3
r nt
15,000(1.00625) 300
97,243.21

35. y 3x 6
Sample answer:
x
y
0
7
1
9
2 15
0.0525 12 15
12
A 15,000 1
1
40. A P 1 n
5 252 4(21) (7)

2(21)
2
A 5500 1
8 8
4
b 2b2 4ac
2a
5 1613
42
32
r
39. A P 1 n nt
34. 21a2 5a 7 0
a
0.08 4 8
4
2000(1.02)
3769.08
The final amount is $3769.08.
4
0
a
A 2000 1
b 2b2 4ac
2a
r
38. A P 1 n nt
1
(12r2 )
12
4 r2
2 r
The geometric mean is 12(2) 24 or
12(2) 24.
47. a a r31
3
1
1
4
1
2
( 12 )x
y2
1r2
r
493
112 2 12 or 1112 2 12.

Chapter 10
6. In y 2x2 3, a 2 and b 0.
x
Page 579
1.
2.
3.
4.
c; Quadratic Formula
b; exponential growth equation
a; exponential decay equation
In y x2 4x 13, a 1 and b 4.
x
b
2a
(4)
2(1)
b
2a
0
2(2)
or 0

y 2(0) 2 3
3
or 1

y 22 4(2) 13
4 8 13
9
y 2x 2 3
O
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
2
7. y 1(x 2) 1
y (x2 4x 4) 1
y x2 4x 4 1
y x2 4x 3
a 1 and b 4
y x 2 4x 13
2 1O
2
1 2 3 4 5 6x
x
5. In y 3x2 6x 4, a 3 and b 6.

x
b
2a
(6)
2(3)

y 3(1) 2 6(1) 4
3 6 4
7
y 3x 6x 4
Chapter 10
or 2
2
y y 1(x 2) 1
b
2a
4
2(1)

y 1(x 2) 2 1
1(0) 2 1
1
or 1
494
12. x2 7x 6 0
Sample answer: Solve using the Quadratic
Formula.
Sample answer:
x
f(x)
1
x
0
1
2
3
2
1
2
5
7 272 4(1) (6)

2(1)
7 125
2
7 5
2
7 5
or
2
f (x )
f (x ) x 2 2x 2

x
13. 2x2 5x 12 0
Formula.
x2 6x 7
2
x 6x 7 7 7
x2 6x 7 0
Graph f(x) x2 6x 7.
Sample answer:
x
x
f(x)
f (x )
(5) 2(5) 2 4(2) (12)

2(2)
5 1121
4
5 11
4
5 11
or
4
1
12
4
1
3
2
x
2
1
1

x
14
13
12
11
10
1
0
1
4
8
4
12
7 2(7) 2 4(6) (20)

2(6)
7 1529
12
7 23
12
7 23
or
12
f(x)
4
22
3
2
7
8
0
50
0
22
O x

15. 3k2 2k 5
Formula.
3k2 2k 5 0
k
f (x )
20
4
b 2b2 4ac
2a
2 222 4(3) (5)

2(3)
2 164
6
2 8
6
2 8
or
6
2
13
k
20
40
7 23
n 12
1.3
n
2.5
The solution is 12, the x-intercept of the graph.

2x2 8x 42
11.
2 8x 42 42 42
2x
2x2 8x 42 0
Sample answer:
x
b 2b2 4ac
2a
n
4
f (x ) x 24x 144
12
4
f (x )
16
5 11
4
14. 6n2 7n 20
Formula.
6n2 7n 20 20 20
6n2 7n 20 0
One root is between 5 and 4, and the other

10. Graph f(x) x2 24x 144.
Sample answer:
f(x)
x
f (x ) x 2 6x 7
b 2b2 4ac
2a
5
7 5
x 2
x
6
1
; The graph has no x-intercepts. Thus, the

equation has no real number solutions.
9.
b 2b2 4ac
2a
k
2 8
6
1
2
f (x) 2x 2 8x 42
The solutions are 3 and 7, the x-intercepts of

the graph.
495
Chapter 10
20. 7m2 m 5
Formula.
3
2
16. y2 5y 25 0
Sample answer: Solve by completing the square.

3
y2 5y 25 25 0 25
7m2 m 5 0
2
25
2
9
25 100
1
100
1
10
1
3
10 10
3
1
y 10 10
3
1
3
1
y 10 10 or y 10 10
1
2
5
5
1 2
3
y 5y
3
9
y2 5y 100
3
y 10 2
3
y 10
3
3
y 10 10
1 1141
14
21. y
1 1141
14
2
1
1
2
14 1256
6
14 16
6
14 16
or
6
1
3
m
y
1
2
1
4
x
14 16
6
5
2
1
0
1
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
1
2
1
2
4
8
b 2b 4ac
2a
(13) 2(13) 2 4(1) (32)
2(1)
13 1297
2
23. y
or
3x2
4x 8 0
x
b 2b2 4ac
2a
z
4 242 4(3) (8)

2(3)
4 2112
6
1 2 3 4x
113 2x 3
or
x
x
y
2
6
1
0
0 2
2
1 2 3
2 2 9
x
y 1 3
( 3)

24. an a1 # rn1
25. an a1 # rn1
5
a6 12(2 )
a4 20(33 )
12(32)
20(27)
384
540
4 2112
6
1.1

Chapter 10
y 4 2x
Sample answer:
13 1297
2
19. 3x2 4x 8
Formula.
2.4
1 2 3x
2.1
15.1
4 2112
6
4 3 2 1O
2
x
1
2
5 4 3 2 1O
2
z2 13z 32 0
z
( )x
3
The solutions are 5,

18. 72 13z 32
Formula.
13 1297
2
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
22. y 4 2x
Sample answer:
1
.
3
z
1 1141
14
112 2x
or
Sample answer:
b 2b 4ac
2a
(14) 2(14) 4(3) (5)
2(3)
x
(1) 2(1) 2 4(7) (5)

2(7)
0.8
0.9
17. 3x 5 14x

Formula.
3x2 5 14x 14x 14x
3x2 14x 5 0
m
x
b 2b2 4ac
2a
m
496
a3 a1 r31
26.
4. D; Let x represent the number of grapefruit. Then

2x represents the number of apples.
0.20(2x) 0.25x 1.95
0.4x 0.25x 1.95
0.65x 1.95
63 7r2
1
(63)
7
7 (7r2 )
9 r2
3 r
0.65x
0.65
x3
2x 6
The shopper bought 6 apples.
5. D; Area (2x 3) (2x 6)
4x2 12x 6x 18
4x2 6x 18
2
6. B; x x 12 0
(x 4)(x 3) 0
x 4 0 or x 3 0
x 4 or x 3
7. B; Substitution of the x-values into y x2 9
yields the corresponding y-values.
a3 a1 r31
27.
12 3 r2
3(12) 3
36 r2
6 r
113 r22
1
The geometric mean is 3 (6) 2 or

1
3 (6) 2.
28. y C(1 r) t
17,369(1 0.16) 2
12,255.57
14,458 12,255.57 2202.43
The car will be worth $2202.43 less than the
buyout price of the lease.
r
29. A P 1 n nt
1500 1
8. B; y x2 2x 3
x
b
2a
(2)
2(1)
or 1
y 1 2(1)3
4
The vertex is at (1, 4). This is the only equation
with the correct vertex.
0.06 4.10
4
1500(1.015) 40
2721.03
The total amount will be $2721.03.
9. B; 2x2 8x 6 0
2(x2 4x 3) 0
2(x 3)(x 1) 0
or
x10
x30
x3303
x1101
x 3
x 1
The graph intersects the x-axis at (3, 0) and
(1, 0).
10. Let x be the amount earned during the 4th week.
12
30. A; The common ratio is 4 or 3. Multiply 108 by

3 to find the next term. The next term is 324.

Pages 580581
1. B; Translating the line down two units does not
change the slope of the line, but it does change
the y-intercept by 2 units.
x 18.50 23.00 15.00

4
x 56.5
4
x 56.5
4
4
2. C; a kb
Find k.
21 k(6)
21
6
7
2
1.95
0.65
18
18
2 4(18)
x 56.5 72
x 56.5 56.5 72 56.5
x 15.50
She should earn at least $15.50 during the 4th week.
11. 8x 4y 9 0
4y 8x 9
k
k
7
a 2b
Now find a when b 28.
y
a 2 (28) or 98
y
3. A; Since the slope of the graphed line is negative,

the answer must be A or B. From inspection of the
graph, the y-intercept must be less than 5. So,
by elimination, A is the answer.
8x 9
4
9
2x 4
The slope of this line is 2. The slope of a line

1
perpendicular to it is 2.
y y1 m(x x1 )
1
y 3 2 (x 2)
1
y 3 2x 1
1
y 2x 4
497
Chapter 10
12. 5a 4b 25
3a 8b 41
10a 8b 50
3a 8b 41
13a
91
a7
Use 5a 4b 25 to find b.
5(7) 4b 25
35 4b 25
4b 10
5
1
b 2 or 22
or
4(x 1) 2 4 0
1
4(x 1) 2 4
1
4(x 1) 2
4
4
4
1
(x 1) 2 16
1
x 1 4
1
x 1 1 4 1
x1
1
x14
1
4
x14
or
4
The solution set is e 4, 14 f .

3
20e. y 4x2 8x
14 1388
2
4 8
15
4
4(12 ) 8(1)
16.85
2.85
Ignore the negative value. Each side was
increased by 2.85 inches.
16. B; By inspection, the median is 40. The values
greater than 40 are clumped near 40, whereas the
values less than 40 are spread out further from
the median. These low values will bring the
average below 40.
15
4
15
4
4
1 12
The minimum point is located at 1, 4 .

y
20f.
O
(1, 14 )
x
3
0, 4
17. A; The solution of 6p 12 is 2. The solution of

1
1
10q 5 is 2. 2 7 2
y 4x 2 8x 15
4
18. B; 5.3 103 5300 6 53,000

19. C; All even-numbered terms of the first sequence
are the same as the even-numbered terms in the
second sequence.
Chapter 10
4(x 1) 2 4 4 0 4
m
15
4
a 4 and b 8
14
14 1388
2
4x2 8x 4 4

20c. Since the coefficient of the x2 term is negative,
the parabola opens downward.
20d. Solve the equation, using the right-side
expression.
4(x2 2x 1) 4
Equation for the axis of symmetry

of a parabola
b 2b 4ac
2a
14 214 4(1) (48)
2(1)
4(x 1) 2 4
4x2 8x
x 2(4) or 1
m
15
4
20b. x 2a
b2 4ac (11) 2 4(6)(4)

25
has two real solutions.
15. Let m be the amount by which each side is
increased.
(m 8) (m 6) 2(8.6)
m2 6m 8m 48 96
m2 14m 48 96
m2 14m 48 0
14 1388
2
4x2 8x
4x2 8x
13. x2 4x 5 (x2 4x 4) 5 4
(x 2) 2 9
h 2 and k 9
14. y 6x2 11x 4. Find the number of real
solutions to 6x2 11x 4 0.
Find the value of the discriminant.
m
4x2 8x
15 ?

4
15 ?

4
15 ?

4
20a. 4x2 8x
498
1
0, 1 4
Chapter 11
Page 585
Radical Expressions and Triangles

3. Sample answer: 212 313 and 212 313;
(212 313) (212 313)
(212) 2 (313) 2
8 27
19
4. 120 12 2 5
5. 12 18 116
4
222 15
215
Getting Started
1. 125 5
2. 180 8.94
3. 156 7.48
4. 1324 18
5. 3a 7b 2a (3a 2a) 7b
a 7b
6. 14x 6y 2y 14x (6y 2y)
14x 4y
7. (10c 5d) (6c 5d) (10c 6c) (5d 5d)
16c
6. 3110 4110 (3 4) ( 2102 )

(12) (10)
120
2 2
7. 254a b 22 33 a2 b2
12 232 13 2a2 2b2
12 3 13 0a 0 0b 0
3 0ab 0 16
8. (21m 15n) (9n 4m)

(21m 15n) (9n 4m)
(21m 4m) (15n 9n)
25m 6n
9. x(x 5) 0
x 0 or x 5 0
x5
{0, 5}
8. 260x5y6 222 3 5 x5 y6
222 13 15 2x4 1x 2y6
2 13 15 x2 1x 0y3 0
2x2 0y3 0 115x
10. x2 10x 24 0
(x 4)(x 6) 0
x 4 0 or x 6 0
x 4
or x 6
{6, 4}
11.
12.
9.
x2 6x 27 0
(x 9)(x 3) 0
x 9 0 or x 3 0
x9
x 3
{3, 9}
11.
2x2 x 1 2
2x2 x 1 0
(2x 1)(x 1) 0
2x 1 0 or x 1 0
2x 1
x 1
13.
12.
14.
8 3 2 12
24 24
yes
8 ? 12
16
10
?
15.
10 12 8 16
120 128
no
4 16
6
13
110
2 16
3
130
10
8
3 12
16
10.
3
12
3 10 110
110
110
3 12
12
3
24 8 12
9 2
24 8 12
7
2 15
4 18
4 ? 16
25
5
?
5 16 4 25
80 100
no
16.
13
4
16
8(3 12)
( 12) 2
2 ? 8
12
3
?
16
32
x2
512, 16
4
16
6 ? 3
15
30
?
6 15 30 3
90 90
yes
2 15
18
4
4 18
18
4
2 15(4 18)
(4) 2 ( 18) 2
8 15 2 140
16 8
8 15 2 222 2 5
8
8 15 4 110
8
2 15 110
2
13. A s2
(217 ) 2
22 ( 17 ) 2
4(7)
28 ft2
11-1 Simplifying Radical Expressions
14. P 2 3 32
/
Pages 589590
2 3 32
2 3 4
1. Both x4 and x2 are positive even if x is a negative

number.
2.
1
1a
1a
1a
1 11
14 2
1
2 1 2 2
2
1a
a

3.14 s
499
Chapter 11
Pages 590592
Practice and Apply

2
29.
15. 118 22 3
12 232
12 3
312
16. 124 22 3
222 12 13
216
17. 180 224 5

224 15
22 15
415
18. 175 252 3

252 13
513
19. 15 16 130
20. 13 18 124
223 3
222 12 13
2 16
21. 7130 216 (7 2)( 130 16)
141180
14222 32 5
14222 232 15
14 2 3 15
8415
31.
1t
3 8 18
1t
18
18
1t 222 2
8
1t 222 12
8
2 12t
8
12t
4
5c5
25c5
12
13
12
13
16
3
28.
13
13
34.
15 2c4 1c
14 1d4 1d
23x3
14y5
c2 15c
23 x2 x
14y4 y
1d
c2 15cd
2 0 d3 0
18
18
6 12
6 12
x 13x
x 13x

6 12
12
6
18(6 12)
62 ( 12) 2
18(6 12)
36 2
18(6 12)
34
9(6 12)
17
54 9 12
17
10
17 12
2 15
18
4
4 18
18
4
2 15 (4 18)
(4) 2 ( 18) 2
8 15 2 140
16 8
8 15 2 22 3 5
8
8 15 2 22 2 12 15
8
8 15 4 110
8
2 15 110
2
17 12
12
3 5 3 4 3 20
10( 17 12)
7 2
18
17
3 10
10( 17 12)
5
19
110
2( 17 12)
1
19
110
110
217 212
110
36.
500
2
13 16
1y
2y2 1y 1y
2 15
4 18
3x3
2y2 1y
10( 17 12)
( 17) 2 ( 12) 2
3 110
10
3 12x2y6
3 4y5
9x5y

10
17 12
35.
3 13
0p 0
25 c4 c
14 d4 d
33.
232 13
0p 0
29x5y
112x2y6
c2 15cd
Chapter 11
32.
2d2 1d2
26. 272x3y4z5
223 32 x3 y4 z5
222 12 232 2x2 1x 2y4 2z4 1z
2 12 3 0x 0 1x y2 z2 1z
6 0x 0 y2z2 12xz
2
18
3 4d5 14d5
25. 2147x6y7 272 3 x6 y7

272 13 2x6 2y6 1y
7 13 0x3 0 0y3 0 1y
7 0x3y3 0 13y
233
0p 0
c2 15c
24. 250m3n5 252 2 m3 n5

252 12 2m2 1m 2n4 1n
5 12 0m 0 1m n2 1n
5n2 0m 0 12mn
127
1p2
27
2d2 1d 1d
23. 240a4 223 5 a4

222 12 15 2a4
2 12 15 a2
2a2 110
37 33 33
3 p2
2d2 1d
22. 213 5127 (2 5)( 13 127)

10( 181 )
10(9)
90
27.
30.
13 16
16
2
13 16
2( 13 16)
( 13) 2 ( 16) 2
2( 13 16)
3 6
2 13 2 16
3
2 16 2 13
3
13
x 13xy
2 0 y3 0
37.
4
4 3 13
4
4
3 13
46. s 130fd
130(0.8)d
124d
223 3 d
222 12 13 1d
216d
47. wet road: s 312d
312(110)
31220
44.5 mph
dry road: s 216d
216(110)
21660
about 51.4 mph
4 3 13
3 13
4
4(4 3 13)
(3 13) 2
42
38.
4(4 3 13)
16 27
16 12 13
11
16 12 13
11
3 17
5 13 3 15
3 17
5 13 3 15
5 13 3 15 5 13 3 15
3 17(5 13 3 15)
(5 13) 2 (3 15) 2
15 121 9 135
75 45
15 121 9 135
30
5 121 3 135
10
48. s 2 (a b c)
39. A /w
(4110)(315)
12150
12252 2
12252 12
6012 or about 84.9 cm2
40. A /w
41. A s2
s 1A
s 172
223 32
222 22 232
2 12 3
42.
2 (13 10 7)
2 (30)
38 32
3 16
15
49. A 1s(s a) (s b) (s c)
115(15 13)(15 10)(15 7)
115(2)(5)(8)
11200
224 3 52
224 13 252
22 13 5
2013 or about 34.6 ft2
a2
2a2
116
a
4 m2
1
E 2mv2
2E mv2
2E
m
v2
v
2E
3m
50.
a(a 1
612 in.
43. v
1
(a 1 1a)
(a 1 1a)
1a)
(a 1
a 1 1a
1a) 1(a 1 1a ) 1a(a 1 1a)
a 1 1a
1 1a a 1a 1a a
a2 a a 1a a
2(54)
0.6
1180
222 32 5
222 232 15
2 3 15 615 or about 13.4 m/s
44. Escape Velocity
2GM
R
2(6.7 1020 ) (7.4 1022 )

(1.7 103 )
2(6.7 7.4) (1020 1022 )

(1.7 103 )
(99.16) (102 )
(1.7) (103 )
31
a 1 1a
a2 3a 1
51. A lot of formulas and calculations that are used in

space exploration contain radical expressions.
To determine the escape velocity of a planet, you
would need to know its mass and radius. It
would be very important to know the escape
velocity of a planet before you landed on it so
you would know if you had enough fuel and
velocity to launch from it to get back into space.
The astronomical body with the smaller radius
would have a greater escape velocity. As the
radius decreases, the escape velocity increases.
52. C; surface area 96a2
21 2
99.16 102
1.7
103
258.3 101
15.83
2.4 km/s
The Moon has a much lower escape velocity than
Earth.
45. s 130fd
130(0.6)d
118d
22 32 d
12 232 1d
312d
area of one face
96a2
6
16a2
length of each edge 4a
Volume s3
(4a) 3
64a3
53. B; x 81b2
1x 281b2
181 2b2
9b
501
Chapter 11
54.
63. 1, 2, 4, 8
y 91.4 (91.4 t) [0.478 0.301( 1x 0.02) ]

9 91.4 (91.4 12) [0.478 0.301( 1x 0.02) ]
9 91.4 79.4[0.478 0.3011x 0.00602]
9 91.4 79.4[0.47198 0.3011x]
9 91.4 37.475212 23.8994 1x
9 53.924788 23.8994 1x
62.924788 23.89941x
2.632902416 1x
7 mph x
2
1
The common factor is 2.

1, 2, 4, 8 16 32

64. 384, 192, 96, 48
192
384
91.4 (91.4 12) [ 0.478 0.301( 14 0.02) ]

91.4 (91.4 12) [ 0.478 0.301(2 0.02) ]
91.4 (79.4) [ 0.478 0.301(1.98) ]
91.4 (79.4) [ 0.478 0.59598]
91.4 (79.4) [ 1.07398]
91.4 85.274012
6.125988
6F
1
5
2
x
58. x x
5
1
2
57.
59.
x2
2x3
2x2 1x
x 1x

1 2
65. 9, 3, 4, 24
2
3
96

1
2
1 2
, ,
9 3
1a
a

1
3
a1
a
a a3
1 2
4, 24
3
4
34
1
a3
3, 4,
3 3
,
16 64
0y3 0
4
1
3 13
10
50
0y3 0 3 2
1
2
y
3
23
13
3
4096
5 0.2
69. y 75(0.875) t
75(0.875) 15
y 10.1
So the coffee is 95 10.1 84.9C
6 (5) 30
70. 6x2 7x 5
y
13 13
13
3
1
61. s2t 2 8 2s5t4 (s16t4 ) 2s4 s t4
(s16t4 ) 2s4 1s 2t4

s16 t4 s2 1s t2
(s16 s2 )(t4 t2 ) 1s
s18t6 1s
Factors of 30
10, 3
Sum of Factors
7
6x2 7x 5 6x2 mx nx (5)

6x2 10x (3)x 5
2x(3x 5) (1) (3x 5)
(3x 5) (2x 1)
62. 2, 6, 18, 54
3

2, 6, 18, 54 162
486 1458

3
3
3
Chapter 11
and
The next three terms are 0.08, 0.016, and 0.032.
6
2
3
3
,
,
256 1024
68. y art
y 1000(212 )
4,096,000
2
y
13
4

0.2
0.2 0.2
4
The common factor is 0.2.

50, 10, 2, 0.4 0.08 0.016 0.032
32
y
3
4096
67. 50, 10, 2, 0.4

1
313 2
1
3
1024
The next three terms are
0y3 0 3
3
256

1
1
1
0y3 0
5184
a2
a6
864
66. 3, 4, 16, 64
a1 3
60.
144

6
6
6
a2
a2 3
0y3 0

0.5 0.5 0.5
1
2
0.5
The common factor is 0.5.

384, 192, 96, 48
24
12
1x 24 x2
64

(2) (2) (2)
55. y 91.4 (91.4 t) [ 0.478 0.301( 1x 0.02) ]
56. x 2 x 2 x 2 2
x
2
502
71. 35x2 43x 12
78. 3a 2b 11
(3, 10); 3(3) 2(10) 11
9 20 11
11 11, true
(4, 1); 3(4) 2(1) 11
12 2 11
14 11, false
(2, 2.5); 3(2) 2(2.5) 11
6 5 11
11 11, true
(3, 2); 3(3) 2(2) 11
9 4 11
5 11, false
{(3, 10), (2, 2.5)}
35 12 420
Factors of 420
28, 15
Sum of Factors (43)

43
35x2 43x 12 35x2 mx nx 12

35x2 (28)x (15)x 12
(35x2 28x) (15x 12)
7x(5x 4) 3(5x 4)
(5x 4) (7x 3)
72. 5x2 3x 31 prime
73. 3x2 6x 105
3 (105) 315
Factors of 315
21, 15
Sum of Factors (6)

6
3x2 6x 105 3x2 mx nx 105

3x2 (21)x 15x 105
(3x2 21x) (15x 105)
3x(x 7) 15(x 7)
(x 7)(3x 15)
3(x 7)(x 5)
74. 4x2 12x 15 prime
75. 8x2 10x 3
8 3 24
Factors of 24
6, 4
2
79. 5 2 x 2y
3
(0, 1); 5 2 (0) 2(1)

502
5 2, false
3
(8, 2); 5 2 (8) 2(2)
14, 12 2;
Sum of Factors (10)

10
5 12 4
7 4, false
5 6 1
1 1, true
8x2
mx nx 3
8x 12x 15
8x2 (6)x (4x) 3
(8x2 6x) (4x 3)
2x(4x 3) 1(4x 3)
(4x 3)(2x 1)
76. y 3x 2
(1, 5); 5 3(1) 2
532
5 5, true
(2, 6); 6 3(2) 2
662
6 8, false
(2, 2); 2 3(2) 2
2 6 2
2 4, false
(4, 10); 10 3(4) 2
10 12 2
10 10, true
{(1, 5), (4, 10)}
77. 5x 2y 10
(3, 5); 5(3) 2(5) 10
15 10 10
25 10, false
(2, 0); 5(2) 2(0) 10
10 0 10
10 10, true
(4, 2); 5(4) 2(2) 10
20 4 10
24 10, false
(1, 2.5); 5(1) 2(2.5) 10
5 5 10
10 10, true
{(2, 0), (1, 2.5)}
1 12
5 2 (4) 2 2
(2, 1); 5 2 (2) 2(1)

532
2 2, true
514, 12 2, (2, 1) 6
80. 40 5d
40
5
5d
5
20.4
3.4
8 d
82.
(11)
81. 20.4 3.4y

3.4y
3.4
6y
h
11
h
11
25
1 2 (11)(25)
h 275
83.
65 29
29(65) 29
129r 2
1885 r
84. (x 3)(x 2) x(x) x(2) 3(x) 3(2)
x2 2x 3x 6
x2 x 6
85. (a 2)(a 5) a(a) a(5) 2(a) 2(5)
a2 5a 2a 10
a2 7a 10
86. (2t 1)(t 6) 2t(t) 2t(6) 1(t) 1(6)
2t2 12t t 6
2t2 11t 6
87. (4x 3)(x 1) 4x(x) 4x(1) 3(x) 3(1)
4x2 4x 3x 3
4x2 x 3
503
Chapter 11
12. P 4s
4(4 316)
4(4) 4(316)
16 1216 ft
88. (5x 3y) (3x y)

5x(3x) 5x(y) 3y(3x) 3y(y)
15x2 5xy 9xy 3y2
15x2 4xy 3y2
89. (3a 2b)(4a 7b)
3a(4a) 3a(7b) 2b(4a) 2b(7b)
12a2 21ab 8ab 14b2
The perimeter is 16 1216 ft.

A s2
(4 316)(4 316)
4(4) 4(316) (316) (4) (316) (316)
16 1216 1216 9136
16 2416 9(6)
16 2416 54
70 2416 ft2
The area is 70 2416 ft2.
V 1PR
13.
100-watt: V 1100(110)
1100 1110
101110
104.88 volts
75-watt: V 175(110)
125 3 110
252 13 1110
51330
90.83
The 100-watt bulb takes 101110 51330 or
about 14.05 volts more than a 75-watt bulb.
12a2 13ab 14b2
11-2
Operations with Radical

Expressions
Page 595
1. to determine if there are any like radicands

2. The Distributive Property allows you to add like
terms. Radicals with like radicands can be added
or subtracted.
3. Sample answer: ( 12 13) 2 2 216 3
or 5 2 16
4. 413 713 (4 7) 13
1113
5. 216 716 (2 7) 16
516
6. 515 3120 515 3222 5
515 3 ( 222 15)
515 3 (215)
515 615
(5 6) 15
15
Pages 595597
7. 213 112 213 222 3

213 222 13
213 213
(2 2) 13
413
8. 315 516 3120
315 516 3222 5
315 516 3 ( 222 15)
315 516 3 (215)
315 516 615
(3 6) 15 516
915 516
9. 813 13 19 813 13 3
(8 1) 13 3
913 3
10. 12( 18 413) ( 12 )( 18) ( 12) (413)
116 416
4 416
20. 813 212 312 513

813 513 212 312
(8 5) 13 (2 3) 12
1313 12
21. 416 117 612 4117
416 612 117 4117
416 612 (1 4) 117
416 612 5117
22. 118 112 18
19 2 14 3 24 2
232 2 222 3 222 2
312 213 212
312 212 213
(3 2) 12 213
512 213
11. (4 15)(3 15)

4(3) 4 15 ( 15)(3) ( 15) ( 15)
12 415 315 125
12 (4 3) 15 5
17 715
Chapter 11
Practice and Apply
14. 815 315 (8 3) 15

1115
15. 316 1016 (3 10) 16
1316
16. 2115 6115 3115 (2 6 3) 115
7115
17. 5119 6119 11119 (5 6 11) 119
0119
0
18. 161x 21x (16 2) 1x
181x
19. 315b 415b 1115b (3 4 11) 15b
1015b
504
23. 16 213 112 16 213 14 3

16 213 222 3
16 213 213
16 (2 2) 13
16 413
24. 317 2128 317 214 7
317 2222 7
317 2(217)
317 417
(3 4) 17
17
25. 2150 3132 2125 2 3116 2
2252 2 3242 2
2(512) 3(412)
1012 1212
(10 12) 12
212
26. 12
30. 16( 13 512) ( 16) ( 13) ( 16) (512)

118 5112
19 2 514 3
232 2 5222 3
312 5(213)
312 1013
31. 15(2110 312) ( 15) (2110) ( 15) (312)
2150 3110
2125 2 3110
2252 2 3110
2(512) 3110
1012 3110
32. (3 15)(3 15) 32 ( 15) 2
95
4
33. (7 110) 2 (7) 2 2(7) ( 110) (110) 2
49 14110 10
59 14110
34. ( 16 18) ( 124 12)
11
3 2 12 12
12
1
12
12
1
12
12
1
2 12
2
3 12
2

27. 110
( 16)( 124) ( 16)( 12) ( 18) ( 124) ( 18)( 12)

1144 112 1192 116
12 14 3 164 3 4
12
12
16 222 3 282 3
16 213 813
16 (2 8) 13
16 1013
12
2
12
2
35.
3 5 110
22
15
110
12
15
110
110
5
5 110
5
110
5
4 110
5
15
15
252 7 222 7
517 217
(5 2) 17
317
36. (2110 3115) (313 212)

(2110) (313) (2110) (212)
(3115) (313) (3115) (212)
6130 4120 9145 6130
414 5 919 5
4222 5 9232 5
4(215) 9(315)
815 2715
1915
37. (512 315) (2110 3)
(512) (2110) (512) (3)
(315) (2110) (315) (3)
10120 1512 6150 915
1014 5 1512 6125 2 915
10222 5 1512 6252 2 915
10(215) 1512 6(512) 915
2015 1512 3012 915
(2015 915) (1512 3012)
1115 1512
1 11
13 2
1
2
313 23 5 3 1 13 2
1
13
313 315 3 1 13 13 2
13
313 315 3 1 3 2
28. 313 145 3 3 3 313 19 5 3
313 315 13
313 13 315
(3 1) 13 315
413 315
11
3 14 7 10 1 17 2
29. 6 3 74 3128 10 3 17 6 1 17
14 2
1 172 2 3 222 7 101 171 2

6 17
1
17
2 3(217) 10 1 17 17 2
6 17
17
2 6 17 10 1 7 2
6
6 17
2
42 17
14
(42 84 20) 17
14
106 17
14
53 17
7
6 17
1
( 15 12) ( 114 135)

( 15)( 114) ( 15)( 135) ( 12)( 114) ( 12)( 135)
170 1175 128 170
125 7 14 7
84 17
14
10 17
7
20 17
14
505
Chapter 11
38. P 2/ 2w
2(817 415) 2(517 315)
1617 815 1017 615
(1617 1017) (815 615)
(16 10) 17 (8 6) 15
2617 215
45. V 12gd
from 25 feet: V 12(32)(25)
11600
40 ft/s
from 100 feet: V 12(32)(100)
16400
80 ft/s
46. The velocity doubled.
47. The velocity should be 19 or 3 times the velocity
of an object falling 25 feet; 3 40 120 ft/s,
12(32)(225) 120 ft/s.
48. 10201P (1 0.01 1P)
1020155 (1 0.01 155)
1020(7.42) [1 0.01(7.42) ]
7564.52[ 1 0.074]
7564.52[ 0.93]
7003.5
The pumping station must supply about
7003.5 gal/min.
49. Sample answer: a 4, b 9; 14 9 14 19
50. a 0 or b 0 or both
51. The distance a person can see is related to the
The perimeter is 2617 215 in.

39. P 2/ 2w
213 4111 6 2(2111 1) 2w
213 4111 6 4111 2 2w
213 4 2w
13 2 w
The width is 13 2 cm.
1
40. A 2 d d
1 2
1
2 (3 16)(5 14)
1
2 (3 16) (5) (2)

1516
The area is 15 16 cm2.
41. d
3h
32
Sears Tower: d
3(1450)
2
4350
2
height of the person using d
500

You can find how far each lifeguard can see
from the height of the lifeguard tower. Each
tower should have some overlap to cover the
entire beach area.
On early ships, a lookout position (crows nest)
was situated high on the foremast. Sailors
could see farther from this position than from
the ships deck.
52. C; 917 2128 917 214 7
917 2222 7
917 2(217)
917 417
(9 4) 17
517
53. D; 13(4 112) 2
13(42 2(4)( 112) ( 112) 2 )
13(16 8112 12)
13(28 8112)
( 13)(28) ( 13) (8112)
2813 8136
2813 8(6)
2813 48
100
Page 597
12175
125 87
252 87
5187
Empire State Building: d
3(1250)
2
3750
2
11875
1625 3
2252 3
2513
5287 25 23 5(9.33) 25(1.73)
46.65 43.30
3.34 mi
A person can see about 3.34 mi farther.
42. Approximately 1000 feet; Solve
3(1250)
2
3h
3 2 4.57; may use guess and test,

graphical, or analytical methods.
43. r
3 5
r
3 5
1100
1
10
1
3h
3 2 . Answers
5.64
6 in.
The radius of the pipe is about 6 in.
44. No, each pipe would need to carry 500 gallons per
minute, so the pipes would need a radius greater
than 5.6 in.
Chapter 11
54. 140 14 10
222 110
2110
55. 1128 164 2

282 12
812
56. 2196x2y3 2142 x2 y2 y

2142 2x2 2y2 1y
14|x|y1y
506
57.
150
18
150
18
1400
8
20
8
5
2

18
18
58.
225c4d
18c2
2225c4d
118c2
1225 2c4 1d
118 1c2

59.
63a
128a3b2
163
1128a2b2
19 7
164 2 a2 b2
232 17
182 12 1a2 1b2
15 0 c2 0 1d
19 2 c
15 0 c2 0 1d
3c 12
5 0 c 0 1d
12
5 0 c 0 1d
12
5 0 c 0 12d
2
65.
12
12
4(4) 5
4(1024)
4096
48(0) 3 75(0) 0
000
or
or
154 23 751 54 2 0

125
5 ?
48 1 64 2 75 1 4 2 0
3 125
5 ?
48 1 64 2 75 1 4 2 0
4
375
4
63. 81 49y
0 49y2 81
0 (7y 9)(7y 9)
7y 9 0 or 7y 9 0
7y 9
7y 9
9
66.
y 7
197 22
?
81
81 49 1 49 2
?
81 49
or
1 2
81
81 49 1 49 2
?
9
81 49 7 2
81
49 49
81
Check:
81
49 49
1
81 81
81 81
36
q2 121 0
q 11
5
116 6
or
or
q 11 0
q
6
11
507
375
4
0
5x 80x 240 15x2

5x 15x 80x 240 0
(5x3 15x2 ) (80x 240) 0
5x2 (x 3) 80(x 3) 0
(x 3) (5x2 80) 0
or 5x2 80 0
x30
5x2 80
x 3 or
x2 16
x
4
54,3, 46
y7
48
2(0.8) 7
2(0.2097152)
0.4194304
q 11 0
n 4
1 2
?
48 1
2 75154 2 0
3
125
5 ?
48 1 64 2 75 1 4 2 0
375
375
4 1 4 2 0
7(93 )
7(729)
5103
1q 116 21q 116 2 0
4n 5 0
4n 5
or
62. an a1 (rn1 )
a8 2(0.8) 81
64.
36
121 0
125
64
61. a a (rn1 )
n
1
a4 7(9) 41
81
36
121
1 2
3 114
36
121 0
5
5 ?
48 4 3 75 4 0
12
16|ab|
Check:
n4
Check:
8|ab| 12 12
5
97 6
or
6
11 2
554, 0, 54 6
3 17
60. a a (rn1 )
n
1
a6 4(4) 61
36
121 0
48n3 75n 0
3n(16n2 25) 0
3n(4n 5) (4n 5) 0
3n 0 or 4n 5 0
n0
4n 5
8|ab| 12
3 17
36
121
63
128a2b2
36
0
1116 22 121
Check:
5(4) 3 80(4) 240 15(4) 2

?
320 (320) 240 (240)
00
or
?
5(3) 3 80(3) 240 15(3) 2
?
135 (240) 240 (135)
105 105
or
?
5(4) 3 80(4) 240 15(4) 2
?
320 320 240 240
00
Chapter 11
67. 8n 5
8n
8
3.
5
8
5
8
158 2 5
?
5 5
68.
6 14
45
5
8
168 2 5
?
6 5
6.
6 14 9
w 6 126
Let w 126
Check:
126
9
Let w 125
125
9
6 14
14 14
69.
Let n 8 .
148 2 5
The solution set is n|n

w
9
w
9 9
Let n 8 .
Let n 8 .
Check:
7k
2
2 7k

7 2
7
7
k 7
Check:
Let w 127
127
9
6 14
13.88 6 14
Page 600
6 14
14.11 14
Let k
Let k
75
? 21
10
75
2
3
? 21
5
75 7
21
5
21
10
21
5
2
1
75
? 2
1
2
2
21
10
2
1
? 21
5
75 7
14
5
? 21
10
? 2
1
3. Sample answer: 1x 1 8
( 1x 1) 2 82
x 1 64
x 63
4. Alex; the square of 1x 5 is x 5.
4
.
5
75
? 21
10
2
1
Let k
75
2
.
5
21
5
75
? 2
1
21
10
21
5
71. (x 2) 2 (x 2 ) 2(x)(2) (2) 2

x2 4x 4
2
72. (x 5) (x) 2 2(x)(5) (5) 2
x2 10x 25
2
73. (x 6) (x) 2 2(x)(6) (6) 2
x2 12x 36
2 (3x) 2 2(3x)(1) (1) 2
74. (3x 1)
9x2 6x 1
75. (2x 3) 2 (2x) 2 2(2x)(3) (3) 2
4x2 12x 9
2 (4x) 2 2(4x)(7) (7) 2
76. (4x 7)
16x2 56x 49
12b 8
( 12b) 2 (8) 2
2b 64
12 32 8
?
164 8
8 8
Check:
64
2
b 32
Since 32 does not satisfy the original equation,
there is no solution.
7.
17x 7
( 17x) 2 72
7x 49
x7
The solution is 7.
8.
13a 6
Check:
( 13a) 2 (6) 2
3a 36
a 12
The solution is 12.
9. 18s 1 5
18s 4
( 18s ) 2 (4) 2
8s 16
s2
The solution is 2.
1.
2. (10, 5)
Chapter 11
6.
2b
2
Radical Equations
Page 600
125 5
55
70. There are 6 6 6 216 possible outcomes in the

sample space. Only one outcome has each roll a 1.
1
Therefore, the probability is 216.
11-3
1x 5
Check:
( 1x) 2 52
x 25
The solution is 25.
75 7
28
5
5.
? 21
5
1. Isolate the radical on one side of the equation.

Square each side of the equation and simplify.
Then check for extraneous solutions.
2. The solution may not satisfy the original
equation.
21
10
2 21

7 10
3
5
3
.
5
13x 5 x 5
( 13x 5) 2 (x 5) 2
3x 5 (x) 2 2(x) (5) (5) 2
3x 5 x2 10x 25
0 x2 13x 30
0 (x 3) (x 10)
x 3 0 or x 10 0
x 3 or
x 10
x 10; the solution is the same as the solution
from the graph. However, when solving
algebraically, you have to check that x 3 is an
extraneous solution.
508
Check:
Check:
17 7 7
?
149 7
77
1(3) (12) 6
?
236 6
66
18(2) 1 5
?
116 1 5
?
415
55
Check:
s 3.11d
240 3.11d
77.42 1d
(77.42) 2 ( 1d ) 2
5,993.76 d
The depth of the water is about 5994 m.
16.
s 3.11d
10,000 m: s 3.1110,000
3.1(100)
310
20 m: s 3.1120
13.9
310 13.9 296
The wave loses about 296 m/s.
17x 18 9
Check:
( 17x 18) 2 (9) 2
7x 18 81
7x 63
x9
The solution is 9.
11. 15x 1 2 6
15x 1 4
( 15x 1) 2 (4) 2
5x 1 16
5x 15
x3
15.
17(9) 18 9
?
163 18 9
?
281 9
99
10.
15(3) 1 2 6
?
115 1 2 6
?
116 2 6
Pages 601603
426
66
12.
17.
The solution is 3.
16x 8 x 4
( 16x 8) 2 (x 4) 2
6x 8 (x) 2 2(x) (4) (4) 2
6x 8 x2 8x 16
0 x2 14x 24
0 (x 12)(x 2)
x 12 0 or x 2 0
x 12
x 2
Check:
16x 8 x 4
1100 10
10 10
1k 4
18.
( 1k) 2 (4) 2
k 16
k 16
Check:
Check:
1(16) 4
?
116 4
16x 8 x 4
44
16(2) 8 2 4
16(12) 8 12 4
?
172 8 12 4
19.
112 8 6
164 8
220 6
88
12 is the only solution.
13. 4 1x 2 x
1x 2 x 4
( 1x 2) 2 (x 4) 2
x 2 x2 2(x)(4) (4) 2
x 2 x2 8x 16
0 x2 9x 18
0 (x 3)(x 6)
x 3 0 or x 6 0
x 3 or
x6
Check:
Practice and Apply
1a 10
# ( 1a) 2 102
a 100
4 13 2 3
4 16 2 6
4 11 3
4 14 6
512 1x
(512) 2 ( 1x) 2
25(2) x
50 x
Check:
512 150
?
512 125 2
512 512
317 1y
20.
(317 ) 2 ( 1y ) 2
9(7) y
63 y
63 y
Check:
317 1(63)
?
317 163
?
317 19 7
317 317
21. 314a 2 10
314a 12
14a 4
( 14a ) 2 (4) 2
4a 16
a4
426
413
53
66
Since 3 does not satisfy the original equation, 6 is
the only solution.
14. s 3.11d
s 3.1110
3.1(3.16)
9.8
The speed of the tsunami is about 9.8 m/s.
Check:
314(4) 2 10
?
3116 2 10
?
3(4) 2 10
?
12 2 10
10 10
509
Chapter 11
22. 3 51n 18
51n 15
1n 3
( 1n ) 2 (3) 2
n9
Check:
18 1 3 0
?
19 3 0
?
330
00
3 519 18
28. 13r 5 7 3
13r 5 4
( 13r 5) 2 (4) 2
3r 5 16
3r 21
r7
3 5(3) 18
?
3 15 18
18 18
23.
1x 3 5
( 1x 3 ) 2 (5) 2
x 3 25
x 22
Check:
14(2) 1 3 0
Check:
13(7) 5 7 3
Check:
121 5 7 3
116 7 3
122 3 5
125 5
5 5
473
11 3
No solution
24.
1x 5 2 16
( 1x 5 ) 2 (216) 2
x 5 4(6)
x 5 24
x 29
Check:
No solution
29.
4x
35
93
4x
1 3 4x5 22 (12)2
129 5 216
4x
5
124 216
93
720
5
93
?
?
1144 9 3
?
12 9 3
33
13(5) 12 313
4t
30. 5 3 3 2 0
4t
53 3 2
127 313
?
19 3 313
313 313
4t
33
5
1 3 4t3 22 125 22
12c 4 8
( 12c 4) 2 (8) 2
2c 4 64
2c 68
c 34
4t
3
25
12
4t 25
3
t 25
12(34) 4 8
?
168 4 8
Check:
164 8
88
3
425
?
20
5B
3
12
25
5B 2 0
3
27. 14b 1 3 0
14b 1 3
( 14b 1) 2 (3) 2
4b 1 9
4b 8
b2
Chapter 11
4(180)
5
Check:
Check:
115 12 313
26.
144
4x 720
x 180
14 6 216
216 216
25.
13x 12 313
( 13x 12 ) 2 (313) 2
3x 12 9(3)
3x 12 27
3x 15
x5
Check:
12
35
5 3 25 2 0
5
125 2 2 0
?
?
220
00
510
31.
2x2 9x 14 x 4
( 2x2 9x 14 ) 2 (x 4) 2
x2 9x 14 x2 2(x)(4) 42
x2 9x 14 x2 8x 16
9x 14 8x 16
x 14 16
x2
Check:
36.
222 9(2) 14 2 4
Check:
y 2 2y2 5y 4
(y 2) 2 ( 2y2 5y 4 ) 2
2
y 2(y)(2) 22 y2 5y 4
y2 4y 4 y2 5y 4
4y 4 5y 4
y 4 4
y 0
y0
Check:
0 2 202 5(0) 4
2 10 0 4
38.
157 7 8
?
81
181 9
99
x 16 x
35.
(x) 2 ( 16 x) 2
x2 6 x
2
x x60
(x 3)(x 2) 0
or x 2 0
x30
x 3 or
x2
?
?
128 3(4) 4
128 12 4
x 486
3 16 (3)
19 3
33
116 4
149 7
7 7
44
39.
1x 1 x 1
( 1x 1 ) 2 (x 1) 2
x 1 x2 2(x) (1) (1) 2
x 1 x2 2x 1
0 x2 3x
0 x(x 3)
x 0 or x 3 0
x3
?
?
Check:
10 1 0 1 13 1 3 1
1 3 6x 22 92
Check:
128 3(7) 7
128 21 7
486 ?

6
?
115 6 3
128 3x x
( 128 3x ) 2 (x) 2
28 3x x2
0 x2 3x 28
0 (x 7) (x 4)
x 7 0 or x 4 0
x 7
x4
Check:
36 9
164 8
88
34. Let x the number.
Check:
15(3) 6 3
14 2
22
2 14
22
33. Let x the number.
1x 7 8
( 1x 7 ) 2 82
x 7 64
x 57
x
6
15(2) 6 2
110 6 2
Check:
4 14 20
4 115
5 125
55
15x 6 x
37.
( 15x 6 ) 2 (x) 2
5x 6 x2
0 x2 5x 6
0 (x 2) (x 3)
x 2 0 or x 3 0
x3
x 2 or
136 6
66
Check:
5 15 20
?
14 18 14 6
32.
x 1x 20
(x) 2 ( 1x 20) 2
x2 x 20
2 x 20 0
x
(x 5)(x 4) 0
x 5 0 or x 4 0
x5
x 4
11 1
14 2
1 1
22
2 16 2
?
2 14
3 19
3 3
22
511
Chapter 11
40.
11 2b 1 b
( 11 2b ) 2 (1 b) 2
1 2b (1) 2 2(1)(b) (b) 2
1 2b 1 2b b2
0 b2 4b
0 b(b 4)
b 0 or b 4 0
b 4
Check:
Check:
11 8 3
?
?
19 3
11 1
11
3 3
41. 4 1m 2 m
1m 2 m 4
( 1m 2 ) 2 (m 4) 2
m 2 m2 2(m)(4) (4) 2
m 2 m2 8m 16
0 m2 9m 18
0 (m 3)(m 6)
m 3 0 or m 6 0
m3
m6
Check:
4 16 2 6
4 14 6
4 13 2 3
4 11 3
16 3(25) 25 16
?
16 75 9
19 8 1
?
16 3(10) 10 16
?
16 30 6
?
136 6
66

45.
?
?
22r2 121 r
( 22r2 121 ) 2 r2
2r2 121 r2
r2 121 0
(r 11)(r 11) 0
or r 11 0
r 11 0
r 11 or
r 11
Check:
?
22(11) 2 121 11
12(121) 121 11
22(112 ) 121 11
12(121) 121 11
?
?
1121 11
1121 11
11 11
11 11
46.
13(4) 8 4 2
?
112 8 2
?
14 2
11 1
11
22
43. x 16 x 4
16 x 4 x
( 16 x ) 2 (4 x) 2
6 x 42 2(4)(x) (x) 2
6 x 16 8x x2
0 x2 7x 10
0 (x 2)(x 5)
x 2 0 or x 5 0
x5
x2
Chapter 11
181 9
9 9
426
413
53
66
the only solution.
42.
13d 8 d 2
( 13d 8 ) 2 (d 2) 2
3d 8 d2 2(d)(2) (2) 2
3d 8 d2 4d 4
0 d2 7d 12
0 (d 3)(d 4)
d 3 0 or d 4 0
d3
d4
Check:
13(3) 8 3 2
5 11 4
514
224
44
64
the only solution.
44.
16 3x x 16
( 16 3x ) 2 (x 16) 2
6 3x x2 2(x)(16) 162
6 3x x2 32x 256
0 x2 35x 250
0 (x 25)(x 10)
or x 10 0
x 25 0
x 25
x 10
Check:
11 2(4) 1 4
11 0 1
5 16 5 4
2 14 4
11 2(0) 1 0
2 16 2 4
25p2 7 2p
( 25p2 7 ) 2 (2p) 2
5p2 7 4p2
p2 7 0
p2 7
p
17
Check:
?
25( 17) 2 7 2 17
25(17) 2 7 2 (17)
15(7) 7 217
135 7 217
15(7) 7 2 17
135 7 2 17
?
128 2 17
2 17 217
?
?
128 217
217 217

47.
512
2(x 5) 2 x 5
( 2(x 5) 2 ) 2 (x 5) 2
(x 5) 2 (x 5) 2
Sometimes; only numbers that make (x 5)
non-negative.
L 1kP
42 10.1669P
(42) 2 ( 10.1669P ) 2
1764 0.1669P
10,569 P
The maximum take off weight is 10,569 lb.
49.
L 1kP
232 1k(870,000)
(232) 2 ( 1870,000k ) 2
53,824 870,000k
0.0619 k
50. A r2
48.
A
r2
A
2r2
56. P 2 3 32
/
t 2 3 32
/
t
2
t2
42
r
52. r
96
r
32t2
2
r 196
r 116 6
r 416 or about 9.8 m
A
48
r 148
r 116 3
r 413 or about 6.9 m
53. It increases by a factor of 12.

54.
1
3
2 3 32
/
3 32
/
131 22 1 3 32/ 22
1
92
32
92
32
/
/
/ 0.36 ft
55. P 2 3 32
/
1 2 3 32
/
121 22 1 3 32/ 22
1
42
32
32
42
/
/ 0.81 ft
2 2 3 32
/
2
2
1
2
32
2
32
2t
2
t2
2
32
3 32
/
1t 22 1 3 32/ 22
/
32t2
2
8t2
2
8t2
2
24t2
2
58.
V 201t 273
340 201t 273
17 1t 273
(17) 2 ( 1t 273 ) 2
289 t 273
t 16C
1h 9 1h 13
( 1h 9 1h ) 2 ( 13 ) 2
( 1h 9 ) 2 2( 1h 9 ) (1h ) (1h ) 2 3
h 9 21h(h 9) h 3
2h 9 2 1h(h 9) 3
21h(h 9) 6 2h
1h(h 9) 3 h
( 1h(h 9) ) 2 (3 h) 2
h(h 9) 32 2(3) (h) (h) 2
h2 9h 9 6h h2
3h 9
h3
Check:
13 9 13 13
112 13 13
213 13 13
13 13
61. You can determine the time it takes an object to
fall from a given height using a radical equation.
It would take a skydiver approximately
42 seconds to fall 10,000 feet. Using the
equation, it would take 25 seconds. The time
is different in the two calculations because air
resistance slows the skydiver.
A skydiver can increase the speed of his fall by
lowering air resistance. This can be done by
pulling his arms and legs close to his body. A
skydiver can decrease his speed by holding his
arms and legs out, which increases the air
resistance.
62. A; 1x 3 6
1y 3 6
( 1x 3) 2 (6) 2
1y 3
( 1y ) 2 (3) 2
x 3 36
x 33
y9
P 2 3 32
2
3
32t2
42
V 201t 273
356 201t 273
17.8 1t 273
(17.8) 2 ( 1t 273 ) 2
316.84 t 273
t 43.84C
59. V 201t 273
V 2010 273
201273
330.45
V 6 330.45 m/s
60.
3
3
32
/
57.
3
3 32
12t 22 1 3 32/ 22
3 r
51. r
2t 2 3 32
3 32
/
11 22 1 3 32/ 22
/
/
/ 3.24 ft
3.24 0.81 2.43 ft longer
513
Chapter 11
76. d2 50d 225

No; 50d 2(d)(15)
77. 4n2 28n 49
Yes; 28n 2(2n)(7)
(2n 7)2
78. 16b2 56bc 49c2
Yes; 56bc 2(4b)(7c)
(4b 7c)2
79. (r 3)(r 4) r(r) r(4) 3(r) 3(4)
r2 4r 3r 12
r2 r 12
80. (3z 7)(2z 10)
3z(2z) 3z(10) 7(2z) 7(10)
6z2 30z 14z 70
6z2 44z 70
2
2(a 1) 2
63. C; ( 1a 1)
a1
a1
64. Clear the Y list. Enter the left side of the
equation as Y1. Enter the right side of the
equation as Y2. Use the intersect feature on the
CALC menu to find the x value of the point of
intersection is 8.
intersection is 11.
intersection is 2.
intersection is 15.08.
intersection is 1.70.
CALC menu, or the fact that the graph has no
points of intersection, to determine that the
equation has no solution.
Page 603
81.
2p(3p2 ) 2p(4p) 2p(9) 5(3p2 ) 5(4p) 5(9)

6p3 8p2 18p 15p2 20p 45
6p3 7p2 2p 45
9
82. F 5C 32
9
83.
21
110 13
21( 110 13)

( 110) 2 ( 13) 2
21( 110 13)

10 3
21( 110 13)

7
110
y 2x 7
89. 2a2 b2 282 122

164 144
1208
116 13
4113
3( 110 13 )
Chapter 11
72 32
104F
88. 2a2 b2 212 12

11 1
12
110 13
13
21
110 13
63 32
95F
95 F 104
87. 2a2 b2 2(24) 2 (7) 2

1576 49
1625
25
74. 16 110 160

14 15
2115
F 5 (40) 32
86. 2a2 b2 2(3) 2 (4) 2

19 16
125
5
3 12 512 3(412 )
3 12 512 1212
(3 5 12) 12
4 12
75.
F 5 (35) 32
7y 14x 3
14x 7y 3
14x 7y 3
84. y 3 2(x 6)
y 3 2x 12
y 2x 15
2x y 15
85.
y 2 7.5(x 3)
y 2 7.5x 22.5
y 7.5x 24.5
7.5x y 24.5
15x 2y 49
70. 516 1216 (5 12) 16

1716
71. 112 6127 14 3 619 3
213 6(313 )
213 1813
2013
72. 118 512 3132 19 2 512 3116 2
73. 1192 164 3

813
(2p 5)(3p2 4p 9)
514
Page 603
Practice Quiz 1
1. 148 116 3
413
3.
3
2 110
2
3
110
10.
2. 13 16 118
19 2
312
2 110
110
2
3(2 110)
(2) 2 ( 110) 2
3(2 110)
4 10
3(2 110)
6
2 110
2
x2
Check:
?
?
14 2
2 2
?
?
110 1 10 7
?
19 3
33
Since 2 does not satisfy the original equation, 5

is the only solution.
Page 604

1. y 1x 1
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
The domain is {x|x 0}; the graph is shifted up

1 unit.
2. y 1x 3
23x2 32 x
( 23x2 32) 2 x2
3x2 32 x2
2x2 32 0
2x2 32
x2 16
x
4
Check:
3 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 7 12(5) 1 2(5) 7
15 1 5 7
4. 615 3111 515 615 515 3111

(6 5) 15 3111
1115 3111
5. 213 9112 213 9( 14.3)
213 9(213)
213 1813
(2 18) 13
2013
2
6. (3 16 ) (3) 2 2(3)(16 ) (16 ) 2
9 616 6
15 616
7. A s2
(2 17) 2
22 2(2)( 17) ( 17) 2
4 417 7
11 417 or 21.6 cm2
115 x 4
8.
( 115 x) 2 42
15 x 16
x 1
x 1
115 (1) 4
Check:
116 4
4 4
9.
12x 1 2x 7
( 12x 1) 2 (2x 7) 2
(2x 1) (2x) 2 2(2x) (7) (7) 2
2x 1 4x2 28x 49
0 4x2 30x 50
0 2(2x2 15x 25)
0 2(2x 5) (x 5)
2x 5 0 or x 5 0
x5
2x 5
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
The domain is {x|x 0} ; the graph is shifted

down 3 units.
3. y 1x 2
?
23(4) 2 32 4
13(16) 32 4
148 32 4
23(4) 2 32 4
13(16) 32 4
148 32 4
?
116 4
44
?
?
?
?
116 4
4 4

[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1

left 2 units.
515
Chapter 11
4. y 1x 5
9. y 12x 5 4
[5, 15] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1

right 5 units.
The domain is {x|x 2.5}; the graph is shifted

left 2.5 units, down 4 units.
10. No, you must consider the graph of y 1x and
the graph of y 1x. This graph fails the
vertical line test. For every value of x 7 0, there
are two values for y.
5. y 1x
11. No; the equation y

21 x2 is not a
function since there are both positive and
negative values for y for each value of x.
12. Enter y |x| 21 x2 as Y1 and
y |x| 21 x2 as Y2.
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
The domain is {x|x 0} ; the graph is reflected

across y-axis.
1 X,T,,n
KEYSTROKES:
6. y 13x
1 X,T,,n
ENTER
[1 ] 1
X,T,,n
2nd [ 1 ] 1
X,T,,n
2nd
GRAPH
The graph is shaped like a heart.
11-4 The Pythagorian Theorem
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
The domain is {x|x 0} ; the graph is expanded.
Pages 607608
7. y 1x
1.
hypotenuse
leg
leg
2. Compare the lengths of the sides. The hypotenuse

is the longest side, which is always the side
opposite the right angle.
3. s2 s2 d2
2s2 d2
22s2 2d2
22s2 d or d s 12
2
4. c a2 b2
c2 142 122
c2 196 144
c2 340
c
1340
c 18.44
The length of the hypotenuse is 18.44 units.
c2 a2 b2
5.
412 a2 402
1681 a2 1600
81 a2
181 a
9a
The length of the leg is 9 units.
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1

across x-axis.
8. y 11 x 6
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [5, 15] scl: 1

across y-axis, shifted right 1 unit, up 6 units.
Chapter 11
516
6. c2 a2 b2
c2 102 242
c2 100 576
c2 676
c2
1676
c 26
The length of the hypotenuse is 26 units.
c2 a2 b2
7.
612 112 b2
3721 121 b2
3600 b2
13600 b
60 b
c2 a2 b2
8.
( 1233) 2 a2 132
233 a2 169
64 a2
164 a
8a
9. c2 a2 b2
c2 72 42
c2 49 16
c2 65
c
165
c 8.06
The length of the hypotenuse is about 8.06 units.
10. No; 42 62 92.
11. Yes; 162 302 342.
12. A; c2 a2 b2
82 a2 62
64 a2 36
28 a2
128 a
217 a
A
A
14. c2 a2 b2
c2 72 92
c2 49 81
c2 130
c
1130
c 11.40
15. c2 a2 b2
c2 282 452
c2 784 2025
c2 2809
c
12809
c 53
c2 a2 b2
16.
142 52 b2
196 25 b2
171 b2
1171 b
13.08 b
The length of the leg is about 13.08 units.
c2 a2 b2
17.
1802 a2 1752
32,400 a2 30,625
1775 a2
11775 a
42.13 a
18.
c2 a2 b2
1012 992 b2
10,201 9,801 b2
400 b2
1400 b
20 b
19. c2 a2 b2
c2 162 632
c2 256 3,969
c2 4,225
c
14225
c 65
The length of the hypotenuse is about 65 units.
20.
c2 a2 b2
342 162 b2
1156 256 b2
900 b2
1900 b
30 b
21. c2 a2 b2
c2 ( 1112 ) 2 32
c2 112 9
c2 121
c
1121
c 11
bh
2
6 2 17
2
617 units2
Pages 608610
13.
Practice and Apply
c2 a2 b2
152 a2 52
225 a2 25
200 a2
1200 a
14.14 a
517
Chapter 11
22. c2 a2 b2
c2 ( 115) 2 ( 110) 2
c2 15 10
c2 25
c
125
c5
c2 a2 b2
23.
142 92 b2
196 81 b2
115 b2
1115 b
10.72 b
24. c2 a2 b2
c2 62 32
c2 36 9
c2 45
c
145
c 6.71
c2 a2 b2
25.
122 a2 ( 177) 2
144 a2 77
67 a2
167 a
8.19 a
26. c2 a2 b2
c2 42 ( 111) 2
c2 16 11
c2 27
c
127
c 5.20
27. c2 a2 b2
c2 ( 1225) 2 ( 128) 2
c2 225 28
c2 253
c
1253
c 15.91
28.
c2 a2 b2
( 1155) 2 ( 131) 2 b2
155 31 b2
124 b2
1124 b
11.14 b
29. c2 a2 b2
c2 (8x) 2 (15x) 2
c2 64x2 225x2
c2 289x2
c
2289x2
c 17x
The length of the hypotenuse is about 17x units.
Chapter 11
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
518
c2 a2 b2
(7x) 2 a2 (3x) 2
49x2 a2 9x2
40x2 a2
240x2 a
140x a
6.32x a
The length of the leg is about 6.32x units.
Yes; 302 402 502.
No; 62 122 182.
No; 242 302 362.
Yes; 452 602 752.
Yes; 152 ( 131) 2 162.
Yes; 42 72 ( 165) 2.
Use the formula for the area of a square to find
the length of a side.
A s2
162 s2
1162 s
1162 s
Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the
diagonal.
d 2 s2 s2
d2 ( 1162) 2 ( 1162) 2
d2 162 162
d2 324
d
1324
d 18
The length of the diagonal is 18 ft.
Let x length of one leg.
x 5 length of second leg.
c2 a2 b2
252 x2 (x 5) 2
625 x2 x2 2(x) (5) 52
625 2x2 10x 25
0 2x2 10x 600
0 2(x2 5x 300)
0 2(x 20)(x 15)
x 20 0 or x 15 0
x 20
x 15
The first leg is 15 cm; the second leg is 20 cm.
The diagonal of the cube is the hypotenuse of a
triangle with one leg being the diagonal of a face
and the other leg being a side.
Diagonal of face: d2 s2 s2
d2 42 42
d2 16 16
d2 32
d 132
Diagonal of cube: d2 ( 132) 2 42
d2 32 16
d2 48
d 148
d 116.3
d 413 or 6.93 in.
40. Let x the length of the shorter leg.

144
x
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
49. Use the Pythagorean Theorem to calculate the

length of the vertical leg of the right triangle
whose hypotenuse is 180 ft and horizontal leg is
130 ft.
c2 a2 b2
1802 a2 1302
32400 a2 16900
15500 a2
115500 a
124.5 a
The maximum height reached is the sum of the
three vertical sections.
80 ft 124.5 ft 120 ft 324.5 ft
This value of 324.5 ft is the vertical leg of the
right triangle whose hypotenuse is 381.2 ft. The
Pythagorean Theorem can be used to determine
the horizontal leg is about 200 ft.
The plateau at the top can be calculated by
considering the corresponding segment of equal
length at the bottom.
750 ft (100 ft 130 ft 50 ft 200 ft) 270 ft
The Pythagorean Theorem can be used to show
that the right triangle with legs of 50 ft and 80 ft
has a hypotenuse of about 94.3 ft. The
Pythagorean Theorem can also be used to show
that the right triangle with legs of 100 ft and
120 ft has a hypotenuse of about 156.2 ft.
The total distance traveled is about 381.2 ft 270
ft 94.3 ft 180 ft 156.2 ft 1081.7 ft
The maximum height is about 324.5 ft.
50. Engineers can use the Pythagorean Theorem to
find the total length of the track, which
determines how much material and land area
they need to build the attraction. Answers should
A tall hill requires more track length both
going uphill and downhill, which will add to
the total length of the tracks. Tall, steep hills
will increase the speed of the roller coaster. So
a coaster with a tall, steep first hill will have
more speed and a longer track length.
The steepness of the hill and speed are limited
for safety and to keep the cars on the track.
51. C; Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find x.
c2 a2 b2
152 x2 (2x) 2
225 x2 4x2
225 5x2
45 x2
145 x
Find the area of the triangle with b 145 and
h 2145.
8
5
8x 720
x 90
The shorter leg is 90 m.
c2 a2 b2
1442 902 b2
20,736 8100 b2
12,636 b2
112,636 b
112.41 b
The longer leg is about 112.41 m.
c2 a2 b2
c2 2082 3602
c2 43,264 129,600
c2 172,864
c 1172,864
c 415.8
It will travel about 415.8 ft.
c2 a2 b2
c2 442 2082
c2 1936 43,264
c2 45,200
c 145,200
c 212.6
It will travel about 212.6 ft.
The roller coaster makes a total horizontal advance
of 404 feet, reaches a vertical height of 208 feet,
and travels a total track length of about 628.4 feet.
See students work.
c2 a2 b2
c2 1002 602
c2 10,000 3600
c2 13,600
c
113,600
c 116.6
The longest edge is about 116.6 ft.
c2 a2 b2
c2 52 122
c2 25 144
c2 169
c
1169
c 13
The missing length is 13 ft.
The garage roof is made up of two 30 by 15
rectangles. The 15 ft dimension was obtained by
adding the 2 foot overhang to the 13 ft calculated
in the previous problem.
A /w
A 30 15
A 450 ft2
The total area is 900 ft2.
48. The area of the largest semicircle is

The sum of the other two areas is

4
c2
4
bh
2
( 145) (2 145)
2
4 c2.
( 145 ) ( 145 )
45 units2
1a2 b22.
A
Using the Pythagorean Theorem, c a b , we

can show that the sum of the two small areas is
equal to the area of the largest semicircle.
519
Chapter 11
52. B; Find the length of the side by using the

Pythagorean Theorem.
d2 s2 s2
102 s2 s2
100 2s2
50 s2
150 s
61.
26a4b7c5
13a2b4c3
a b c
126
13 21 a 21 b 21 c 2
4
5
2(a42 )(b74 ) (c53 )

2a2b3c8
a2
1
2a2b3
c8
2
1
b3
1
c8
62. Let p air speed of the plane

and w wind speed.
Find the perimeter of the square with s 150.

p 4s
4150
4125 2
4(512)
2012 cm
Rate
Time (hr)
With
pw
Against
pw
2
3
3
4
Distance (m)
300
300
Write two equations based on the fact that the

product of the rate and the time is the distance.
Page 610
53.
1y 12
( 1y) 2 122
y 144
31s 126
1s 42
( 1s) 2 422
s 1764
55. 412v 1 3 17
412v 1 20
12v 1 5
( 12v 1) 2 52
2v 1 25
2v 24
v 12
Check:
1144 12
12 12
Check:
54.
2
(p
3
3
(p
4
311764 126
?
3(42) 126
126 126
63. 2(6 3) 2 (8 4) 2 232 42

19 16
125
5
64. 2(10 4) 2 (13 5) 2 262 82
136 64
1100
10
412(12) 1 3 17
?
4 124 1 3 17
65. 2(5 3) 2 (2 9) 2 222 (7) 2

14 49
153
4125 3 17
?
20 3 17
17 17
66. 2(9 5) 2 (7 3) 2 2(14) 2 42

1196 16
1212
14 53
2153
56. 172 136 2

262 12
612
57. 71z 101z (7 10) 1z
3 1z
58.
59.
58
53
3
7
121
13
17
13
17
121
7
121
1
121
7
7 121
7
(1 7) 121
7
8 121
7
67. 2(4 5) 2 (4 3) 2 2(9) 2 (7) 2

181 49
1130
121
17
17
121
1
68. 2(20 5) 2 (2 6) 2 2152 (8) 2

1225 64
1289
17
11-5
583
55 or 3125
The Distance Formula
Pages 612613
1
60. d7 d7
Chapter 11
w) 300
Simplify each equation and solve the system.

p w 450
p w 400
2p
850
p 425 mph
The air speed of the plane is 425 mph.
Check:
w) 300
1. The values that are subtracted are squared before

being added and the square of a negative number is
always positive. The sum of two positive numbers
is positive, so the distance will never be negative
520
2. See students graph; the distance from A to B

equals the distance from B to A. Using the
Distance Formula, the solution is the same no
matter which ordered pair is used first.
3. See students diagrams; there are exactly two
points that lie on the line y 3 that are 10 units
from the point (7, 5).
4. d 2(x x
2
1
)2
(y2 y1
10.
)2
2(11 5) [7 (1) ] 2
262 82
136 64
1100
10
2(2 3) 2 (5 7) 2
2(5) 2 (12) 2
125 144
1169
13
6. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2
1
2
1
2(5 2) 2 (1 2) 2
232 (3) 2
19 9
118
312 or about 4.24
7. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2
1
2
1
8.
2(6 (3)) 2 [ 4 (5) ] 2

2(3) 2 (1) 2
19 1
110 or about 3.16
d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
10 2(a 3) 2 [7 (1) ] 2
10 2a2 6a 9 82
10 2a2 6a 9 64
102 ( 2a2 6a 73 ) 2
100 a2 6a 73
0 a2 6a 27
0 (a 3)(a 9)
a30
or a 9 0
a 3
a9
9.
AB

2(5 (3) ) 2 (2 4) 2
282 (2) 2
164 4
168
BC

2(1 5) 2 (5 2) 2
2(6) 2 (7) 2
136 49
185
AC 2(1 (3) ) 2 (5 4) 2

222 (9) 2
14 81
185
Yes, BC AC.
11. The quarterback is located at (40, 10). The top
receiver is located at (20, 25). The bottom receiver
is located at (15, 5).
Distance from quarterback to top receiver:
d 2(40 20) 2 (10 25) 2
d 2202 (15) 2
d 1400 225
d 1625
d 25 yd
Distance from quarterback to bottom receiver:
d 2(40 15) 2 (10 5) 2
d 2252 52
d 1625 25
d 1650
d 125 26
d 5126 or 25.5 yd
12. The receivers are located at (20, 25) and (15, 5).
d 2(20 15) 2 (25 5) 2
d 252 202
d 125 400
d 1425
d 125 17
d 5117 or 20.6 yd
5. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2
1
2
1

d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
Pages 613615
Practice and Apply
13. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2
1
2
1
d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
2(8 12) 2 (3 3) 2
2(20) 2 02
1400
20
1145 2(1 10) 2 (6 a) 2

1145 2(9) 2 36 12a a2
( 1145) 2 ( 281 36 12a a2 ) 2
145 117 12a a2
0 a2 12a 28
0 (a 14)(a 2)
or a 2 0
a 14 0
a 14 or
a2
14. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2
1
2
1
2(5 0) 2 (12 0) 2
252 122
125 144
1169
13
521
Chapter 11
15. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2
1
2
1
22. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
1
15 2
3 (2) 2 1 4 2
2(3 6) 2 (4 8) 2
2(3) 2 (4) 2
19 16
125
5
16. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2
1
2
1
2(4 (4)) 2 (17 2) 2
282 152
164 225
1289
17
17. d 2(x x
2
1
)2
(y2 y1
34
10
3
183 22
289
3 12 5 2
4 2
3 15 2
6 2
36
3 25 4
112 2
3 12 (1) 4
169
3 100
1.30
24. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
3 (4 3)
31
3 1 49
3 49
174
7
157 2

2
127 37 2
25
74
1.23
25. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
2(615 415) 2 (1 7) 2
2(215) 2 (6) 2
120 36
156
2114
7.48
26. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
2(712 512) 2 (10 8) 2
2(212) 2 (2) 2
18 4
112
213
3.46
123 222
27.
d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
5 2(a 4) 2 (3 7) 2
5 2a2 8a 16 (4) 2
5 2a2 8a 32
(5) 2 ( 2a2 8a 32 ) 2
25 a2 8a 32
0 a2 8a 7
0 (a 1)(a 7)
a 1 0 or a 7 0
a1
a7
64
9
100
9
3.33
Chapter 11
225
16
13
21. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
32
17
4
1 2
44
10
2(10 2) 2 (4 7) 2
282 (11) 2
164 121
1185
13.60
20. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
3 16
2(3 (8)) 2 [ 8 (4) ] 2

252 (4) 2
125 16
141
6.40
2(3 9) 2 [ 6 (2) ] 2
2(6) 2 (4) 2
136 16
152
14 13
2113
7.21
3 (6 4)
34
18. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
23. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
)2
19. d 2(x2 x1 ) (y2 y1 )
3 (3 5)
4.25
2(5 (3)) 2 (4 8) 2
282 (4) 2
164 16
180
116 5
415
8.94
522
28.
d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2
1
2
1
AC 2(5 7) 2 [ 6 (4) ] 2
2(2) 2 (2) 2
14 4
18
The triangle has two sides that are equal in
lengthAB BC 10.
17 2(4 (4)) 2 (2 a) 2
17 282 4 4a a2
17 268 4a a2
2
(17) 2 ( 268 4a a2 )
2
289 68 4a a
0 221 4a a2
0 a2 4a 221
0 (a 17)(a 13)
a 17 or a 13
29.
34.
d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
110 2(6 5) 2 (1 a) 2
110 212 1 2a a2
( 110 ) 2 ( 21 1 2a a2 ) 2
10 a2 2a 2
0 a2 2a 8
0 (a 4)(a 2)
a 4 or a 2
30.
35.
BD

2(0 10) 2 (5 6) 2
2(10) 2 (1) 2
1100 1
1101
d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
PM 2(x 2) 2 (2 5) 2
2x2 4x 4 (7) 2
2x2 4x 53
PL PM
2x2 8x 17 2x2 4x 53
( 2x2 8x 17 ) 2 ( 2x2 4x 53 ) 2
x2 8x 17 x2 4x 53
8x 17 4x 53
12x 36
x3
d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
36.
d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
QR

d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
1340 2(a 20) 2 (9 5) 2
1340 2a2 40a 400 42
( 1340 ) 2 ( 2a2 40a 400 16 ) 2
340 a2 40a 416
0 a2 40a 76
0 (a 2)(a 38)
a20
or a 38 0
a2
a 38
33.
2[9 (2) ] 2 (8 2) 2
2112 62
1121 36
1157
PL 2(x (4) ) 2 [ 2 (3) ] 2

2x2 8x 16 1
2x2 8x 17
d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
1130 2(3 6) 2 [ a (3) ] 2

1130 2(9) 2 a2 6a 9
( 1130 ) 2 ( 281 a2 6a 9 ) 2
130 a2 6a 90
0 a2 6a 40
0 (a 10)(a 4)
a 10 or a 4
32.
AC

1157 1101; The trapezoid is not isosceles.
129 2(7 a) 2 (3 5) 2
129 249 14a a2 (2) 2
( 129 ) 2 ( 249 14a a2 4 ) 2
29 a2 14a 53
0 a2 14a 24
0 (a 2)(a 12)
a 2 or a 12
31.
d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
2(3 1) 2 (1 7) 2
222 (6) 2
14 36
140
ST 2(7 9) 2 (d 3) 2
2(2) 2 d2 6d 9
2d2 6d 13
QR ST
140 2d2 6d 13
( 140) 2 ( 2d2 6d 13 ) 2
40 d2 6d 13
0 d2 6d 27
0 (d 9) (d 3)
d 9 0 or d 3 0
d9
d 3
The distance formula demonstrates that d 3
does not make TQ 140. Therefore, d 9.
d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
AB 2(1 7) 2 [2 (4) ] 2
2(8) 2 (6) 2
164 36
1100
10
BC 2[5 (1) ] 2 (6 2) 2
2(6) 2 (8) 2
136 64
1100
10
523
Chapter 11
43. Compare the slopes of the two potential legs to

determine whether the slopes are negative
reciprocals of each other. You can also compute
the lengths of the three sides and determine
whether the square of the longest side length is
equal to the sum of the squares of the other two
side lengths. Neither test holds true in this case
because the triangle is not a right triangle.
44. You can determine the distance between two
points by forming a right triangle. Drawing a line
through each point parallel to the axes forms the
legs of the triangle. The hypotenuse of this triangle
is the distance between the two points. You can
find the lengths of each leg by subtracting the
corresponding x- and y-coordinates, then use the
Pythagorean Theorem. Answers should include
the following.
You can draw lines parallel to the axes
through the two points that will intersect at
another point forming a right triangle. The
length of a leg of a triangle is the difference in
the x- or y-coordinates. The length of the
hypotenuse is the distance between the points.
Using the Pythagorean Theorem to solve for
the hypotenuse, you have the Distance
Formula.
The points are on a vertical line so you can
calculate distance by determining the absolute
difference between the y-coordinates.
37. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2
1
2
1
2(254 132) 2 (105 428) 2
2(122) 2 (323) 2
114,884 104,329
1119,213
345.27 units
Since each unit is equal to 0.316 mile, the
distance is 345.27(0.316) 109 mi.
38.
c2 a2 b2
114 18 2
9
3 2
c2 64 1 8 2
c2
138 2
9
c2 64 64
18
c2 64
18
2c2 3 64
c 0.53 mi
39.
0.53
3
0.18 hr
(0.18)(60) 10.6 minutes

Yes; it will take her about 10.6 minutes to walk
between the two buildings.
40. Duluth, (44, 116); St. Cloud, (46, 39); Eau Claire,
(71, 8); Rochester, (27, 58)
41. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
Minneapolis St. Cloud:
45. B; d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2
1
2
1
2(46 (7)) 2 (39 3) 2

2(39) 2 (3) 2
11521 1296
12817
53 mi
2(2 6) 2 (4 11) 2

2(8) 2 (15) 2
164 225
1289
17 units
St. Paul Rochester: 2(27 0) 2 (58 0) 2

2272 (58) 2
1729 3364
14093
64 mi
Minneapolis Eau Claire:
46. B; d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2
1
2
1
AB 2(3 3) 2 (4 7) 2
2(6) 2 (3) 2
136 9
145
P 4s
4145
419 5
1215 units
2(71 (7)) 2 (8 3) 2

2(78) 2 (11) 2
16084 121
16205
79 mi
Duluth St. Cloud:
Page 615
2(46 44) 2 (39 116) 2

2(90) 2 (77) 2
18100 5929
114,029
118 mi
42. all cities except Duluth
Chapter 11
47.
524
c2 a2 b2
c2 72 242
c2 49 576
c2 625
2c2 1625
c 25
48.
c2 a2 b2
342 a2 302
1156 a2 900
256 a2
1256 2a2
16 a
49.
c2 a2 b2
( 116 ) 2 ( 17 ) 2 b2
16 7 b2
9 b2
19 2b2
3 b
50.
53.
?
?
16 2 8 6
?
14 8 6
1500 29 20 3
149 7
77
1529 23
23 23

54. Asia, 1,113,000,000,000; Europe, 1,016,000,000,000;
U.S./Canada, 884,000,000,000; Latin America,
241,000,000,000; Middle East, 101,200,000,000;
Africa, 56,100,000,000.
55. Asia, 1.113 1012; Europe, 1.016 1012;
U.S./Canada, 8.84 1011; Latin America,
2.41 1011; Middle East, 1.012 1011; Africa,
5.61 1010.
56. $8.72 1011 or $872 billion
57.
8 m1
9 m
{m 0m
9}
2
58.
10
3 7 10 k
7 7 k
{k 0k 6 7}
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
59.
111 2 8 11
?
19 8 11
?
286
3 8 11
10 6
11 11
1r 5 r 1
52.
( 1r 5) 2 (r 1) 2
r 5 r2 2r 1
0 r2 3r 4
0 (r 4)(r 1)
r 4 0 or r 1 0
r4
r 1
Check:
120 29 4 3
51. 1p 2 8 p
1p 2 p 8
( 1p 2 ) 2 (p 8) 2
p 2 p2 16p 64
0 p2 17p 66
0 ( p 6) ( p 11)
p 6 0 or p 11 0
p6
p 11
Check:
25(2) 2 29 2(2) 3 25(10) 2 29 2(10) 3
c2 a2 b2
c2 ( 113 ) 2 ( 150 ) 2
c2 13 50
c2 63
2c2 163
c 163
c 19 7
c 317
The length of the hypotenuse is 317 or about
7.94 units.
25t2 29 2t 3
( 25t2 29 ) 2 (2t 3) 2
5t2 29 4t2 12t 9
2 12t 20 0
t
(t 2)(t 10) 0
t 2 0 or t 10 0
t2
t 10
Check:
3x 2x 3
x 3
{x 0x 3}
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
60. v (4) 7 6
v4 7 6
v 7 2
{v 0v 7 2}
4 3 2 1 0
10
61. r 5.2
3.9
r
9.1
{r 0r
9.1}
14 5 4 1 11 5 1 1
19 3
14 2
33
2 2
62. s
3
1
6
s
s
2
3
3
6
1
2
5s 0s 12 6
4 3 2 1 0
525
Chapter 11
63.
x
4
2
64.
2x 4(3)
2x 12
x6
65.
6
9
8
x
x 2
7
5
2
8.
5x 2(20)
5x 40
x 8
66.
6x 9(8)
6x 72
x 12
67.
20
x
10
12
2
3
7(x 2) 3(7)
7x 14 21
7x 7
x1
x
9.
7
c
18
68.
BC
EF
7c 30
AC
DF
b
5
12x 10(18)
12x 180
x 15
7
AB
DE
c
6

b
2(x 4) 3(6)
2x 8 18
2x 10
x5
AC
DF
15
e
10e 90
30
7
e9
BC
EF
5
7
AB
DE
10
6
BC
EF
17
d
10d 102
d 10.2
7b 25
6
4
AB
DE
10
6
25
7
10. Let x the height of the school building.

10
26
25
x
10x 650
x 65 feet
The school building is 65 feet high.
11-6 Similar Triangles

Pages 618619
Pages 619620
1. If the measures of the angles of one triangle equal

the measures of the corresponding angles of
another triangle, and the lengths of the sides are
proportional, then the two triangles are similar.
2. Sample answer: ^ ABC ^DEF
AB
DE
15
5
AC
DF
b
9
7.
AB
DE
9
6
KL
NO
m
4
19.
5a 105
a 21
Chapter 11
KL
NO
11
6
KL
NO
11
6
18.

LM
OP
K
5

55
6
KM
NP
/
4
/
BC
18
d
9d 108
d 12
526
44
6
22
3
LM
OP
24
16

KM
NP
30
o
24o 480
o 20
LM
OP
9
6
6/ 44
EF
K
10
AB
DE
9
6
a
7
KM
NP
/
8
6K 55
AC
AB
DE
15
5
KL
NO
15
p
6m 36
m6
DF
6b 90
b 15
BC
LM
OP
9
6
F
corresponding sides
AB and DE
BC and EF
5b 135
b 27
EF
17.
6/ 72
/ 12
C and F
AC and DF
3. Consuela; the arcs indicate which angles
correspond. The vertices of the triangles are
written in order to show the corresponding parts.
4. No; the angle measures are not equal.
5. Yes; the angle measures are equal.
6.
Yes; the angle measures are equal.

No; the angle measures are not equal.
D
corresponding angles
A and D
B and E
Practice and Apply
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.

LM
OP
24
16
24p 240
p 10
20.
KL
NO
12
p

KM
NP
13
7
13p 84
84
p 13
LM
OP
16
n

KM
NP
13
7
13n 112
n
112
13
21.
KL
NO
LM
OP
1.25
2.5
K
6
22.
2.5K 7.5
K3
KL
NO
1.25
2.5

KL
NO
m
2.7

KM
NP
4
o

LM
OP
7.5
5
10.5
n
KL
NO
7.5
5
33. Yes; all circles are similar because they have the
same shape.
34. 2:1; Let the first circle have radius r and the
larger have radius 2r. The circumference of the
first is 2r and the other has circumference
2(2r) 4r.
35. 4:1; The area of the first is r2 and the area of
the other is (2r)2 4r2.
36. The size of an object on the film of a camera can
be related to its actual size using similar triangles.
Moving the lens closer to the object (and
farther from the film) makes the object appear
larger.
Taking a picture of a building; you would need
to be a great distance away to fit the entire
building in the picture.
37. D; We do not have enough information to
determine if the triangles are similar.
38. A; AB AC and AC DC. Therefore, AB DC.

KM
NP
15
o
7.5o 75
o 10
KM
NP
4.4
3.3
24.
3.3m 11.88
m 3.6
LM
QP
K
2.1
7.5n 52.5
n7
1.25o 10
o8
23.
KL
NO
KL
NO
5
2.5

LM
QP
12.6
n
5n 31.5
n 6.3
KM
NP
4.4
3.3
KL
NO
5
2.5

KM
NP
/
8.1
3.3K 9.24
2.5/ 40.5
K 2.8
/ 16.2
25. Always; if the measures of the sides form equal
ratios, the triangles are similar, and the measures
of their corresponding angles are equal.
26. Let x the distance the man is from the camera.
x
3
Page 621
1.5
2(2 1) 2 (4 8) 2
2(3) 2 (4) 2
19 16
125
5
1.5x 6
x4m
27. Let x height on the model.
1
12
40
40. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2
1
2
1
12x 40
1
2(12 6) 2 [ 5 (3) ] 2
2(6) 2 (8) 2
136 64
1100
10
x 33 in.
28. Let x distance from pocket B.
84
x
84
x
42
39. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2
1
2
1
28
(10 x)
28
32 x
28x 2688 84x

112x 2688
x 24 in.
41. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2
1
2
1
2(3 4) 2 (12 7) 2
2(1) 2 (5) 2
11 25
126
5.1
29.
42. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2
1
2
1
2(6 1) 2 (716 516) 2
252 (216) 2
125 24
149
7
43. Yes; 252 602 652.
8 pieces
30. twice as big; 4 by 4 by 5 in.
31. Let x height of the building.
x
6
80
9
44. No; 202 252 352.
9x 480
45. Yes; 492 1682 1752.
x 533
46. No; 72 92 122.
The building is about 53 feet.

32. Vihos eyes are 6 feet off the ground, Viho and the
building each create right angles with the ground,
and the two angles with the ground at P have
equal measure.
47. 3x2 7x 1
48. 5x3 2x2 4x 7
49. 3x2 6x 3
50. x7 abx2 bcx 34
527
Chapter 11
2x y 4
() x y 5
3x
9
x3
Substitute 3 for x into either equation.
3y5
y 2
y 2
52.
3x 2y 13 2
6x 4y 26
() 2x 5y 5 3 () 6x 15y 15
11y 11
y 1
Substitute 1 for y into either equation.
3x 2(1) 13
3x 2 13
3x 15
x 5
53. 0.6m 0.2n 0.9
0.3m 0.45 0.1n
51.
58.

60.
()
()
2y 8 2
4y 0
1
x
6
1
x
2
4
x
6
1.
4
6
5
6

b2
2
c 14 482
c2 196 2304
c2 2500
2c2 12500
c 50
4.
c2 a2 b2
c2 ( 15 ) 2 ( 18 ) 2
c2 5 8
c2 13
2c2 113
c 113
The length of the leg is 113 or about 3.61 units.
2(5 1) 2 (11 3) 2
2(6) 2 (8) 2
136 64
1100
10
or 0.83
4
Chapter 11
Practice Quiz 2
6. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
32,500 ft
739,200 ft
b
1.5
(1.5)
1.5
4.5
1
3 or 0.3
6
a2
2(3 6) 2 (3 (12)) 2
2(9) 2 (15) 2
181 225
1306
17.49
32,500 ft
140 mi
57. a
c2
or 1.1
5. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2
1
2
1
0.044
c
a c
c2 a2 b2
( 184 ) 2 a2 82
84 a2 64
20 a2
120 2a2
215 a
The length of the leg is 215 or about 4.47 units.
232 ft/mi.
Alternatively, since there are 5280 ft per mile,
there is a horizontal gain of
(140) (5280) 739,200 ft.
56.
61.
3.
4y 0
y 12
55. The plane has a vertical decent of 32,500 ft and a
horizontal gain of 140 mi giving a slope of
6
1.5
c2 a2 b2
412 402 b2
1681 1600 b2
81 b2
181 2b2
9 b
a
c
6(1.5)
5
9
5
9
or 1.8
5
2.
4y 4
2 2y 8
Therefore m
m
ac
b
10
9
Page 621
2y 8
1
y
2
5
(1.5)
6
59.
5
x6
1
(6)
3
b
a c
6 5
1.5
1
1.5
2
3 or 0.6
4.5
Substitute 1.5 for m into either equation.

0.6(1.5) 0.2n 0.9
0.9 0.2n 0.9
0.2n 0
n0
The solution is (1.5, 0).
1
x
3
1
x
2

0.6m 0.2n 0.9

0.6m 0.2n 0.9
() 0.3m 0.1n 0.45 2 () 0.6m 0.2n 0.9
1.2m
1.8
m 1.5
54.
a b
c
528
Pages 627628
7. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2
1
2
1
2(4 2) 2 (7 5) 2
2(2) 2 (2) 2
14 4
18
212
2.83
8. d 2(x x
2
1
)2
(y2 y1
sin 50
)2
BC
EF
a
2
CA
FD
10.
10
1
a 20
BA
ED
c
1.5
BA
ED
CA
BC
EF
12
8
10
1
c 15
cos 50
BC 6.43
9
f
50
3. They are equal.

leg
4. sin Y opposite
hypotenuse
CA
FD
cos Y
36
45
0.8
12
8b 144
b 18
Algebra Activity
6.
cos Y
10
26
Side Lengths
Ratios
7.
6.1
0.7
0.574
35
24
26
0.9231
36
27
1.3333
tan Y
opposite leg
adjacent leg
10
24
0.4167
SIN 60 ENTER .8660254038
55
90
10
12.2
0.7
0.574
35
55
90
20
24.4
0.7
0.574
35
55
90
28
40
48.8
0.7
0.574
35
55
90
35
50
61
0.7
0.574
35
55
90
42
60
73.2
0.7
0.574
35
55
90
KEYSTROKES:
COS 75 ENTER .2588190451
TAN 10 ENTER .1763269807

tan 10 0.1763
9. sin W 0.9848
1
KEYSTROKES: 2nd [SIN ] .9848 ENTER
79.99744219 sin W 80
10. cos X 0.6157
1
KEYSTROKES: 2nd [COS ] .6157 ENTER
8.
angle angle
B
C
14
KEYSTROKES:
51.99719884 cos X 52
11. tan C 0.3249
1
KEYSTROKES: 2nd [TAN ] .3249 ENTER
17.99897925 tan C 18
12. Let A the angle to find.
1. All ratios and angle measures are the same for

any 7:10 right triangle.
2. 7:10
3. 55
sin A
11-7 Trigonometric Ratios

Page 626
adjacent leg
hypotenuse
opposite leg
adjacent leg
cos 75 0.2588
Angle Measures
3.5
27
45
tan Y
sin 60 0.8660
Steps 14. Sample answers are given in the table.

side side side
angle
BC:AC BC:AB
BC AC AB
A
KEYSTROKES:
adjacent leg
hypotenuse
0.6
leg
5. sin Y opposite
hypotenuse
0.3846
Page 622
BC
10
10
12f 72
f6
FD
BC
EF
12
8
AC
10
AC 7.66
A
2(5 (2)) 2 [ 4 (9) ] 2

2(3) 2 (13) 2
19 169
1178
13.34
9.
1. If you know the measure of the hypotenuse, use

sine or cosine, depending on whether you know
the measure of the adjacent side or the opposite
side. If you know the measures of the two legs,
use tangent.
2. Sample answer: A 180 (90 50) or 40
opposite leg
hypotenuse
13
2nd [SIN1] 7 13 ENTER

32.57897039 sin A 33
KEYSTROKES:
Algebra Activity
opposite leg

2. The angle measured by the hypsometer is not the
angle of elevation. It is the other acute angle
formed in the triangle. So, to find the measure of
the angle of elevation, subtract the reading on the
hypsometer from 90 since the sum of the
measures of the two acute angles in a right
triangle is 90.
tan A adjacent leg 15
2nd [TAN1] 6 15 ENTER

21.80140949 tan A 22
KEYSTROKES:
cos A
adjacent leg
hypotenuse
9.3
9.7
1
KEYSTROKES: 2nd [COS ] 9.3 9.7 ENTER
16.5114644 cos A 17
529
Chapter 11
15. Find the measures of A, AC, and BC.

Find the measure of A.
The sum of the measures of the angles in a
triangle is 180.
180 90 30 60
A 60
Find the measure of AC, which is the side opposite
B. Use the sine ratio.
sin 30
0.50
18. Draw a diagram.
0.8660
AC
42
AC
42
opposite leg
tan A adjacent leg

40
tan A 1000
Use a calculator.
1
KEYSTROKES: 2nd [TAN ] 40 1000 ENTER
2.290610043
A 2.3
BC
42
BC
42
Pages 628630
36.4 BC or 36.4 in.

BC 36.4 in.
16. Find the measures of A, AC, and AB.
Find the measure of A.
180 90 35 55
A 55
Find the measure of AC, which is the side opposite
B.
tan 35
0.7002
19. sin R
cos R
6
10
12
37
21. sin R
AC
18
AC
18
opposite leg
hypotenuse

cos R
0.7241
22. sin R
cos R
16
34
leg
23. sin R opposite
hypotenuse
18
0.8192 AB
21.97 AB
AB 22 m
17. Find the measures of B, AB, and BC.
Find the measure of B.
180 90 55 35
A 35
Find the measure of AB, which is the hypotenuse.
7
1170
0.5369
24. sin R
4
4
0.5736 AB
6.973 AB
AB 7.0 in.
Find the measure of BC, which is the side opposite
A.
BC
4
BC
4
5.71 BC
BC 5.7 in.
530
35
37
adjacent leg
hypotenuse
20
29
18
22
6
8
adjacent leg
hypotenuse
30
34
tan R
11
1170
tan R
4 110
22
0.5750
26.
28.
30.
32.
21
20
opposite leg
adjacent leg
16
30
opposite leg
adjacent leg
7
11
0.6364
tan R
0.8182
opposite leg
adjacent leg
0.5333
tan R
adjacent leg
hypotenuse
12
35
1.05
adjacent leg
hypotenuse
opposite leg
adjacent leg
0.3429
0.8437
cos R
tan R
sin 30 0.5
cos 45 0.7071
tan 32 0.6249
tan 67 2.3559
cos 12 0.9781
cos V 0.5000
V cos1 0.5000
60
36. sin K 0.9781
K sin1 0.9781
78
38. tan S 1.2401
S tan1 1.2401
51
40. sin V 0.3832
V sin1 0.3832
23
25.
27.
29.
31.
33.
34.
cos 55 AB
opposite leg
hypotenuse
opposite leg
adjacent leg
0.75
adjacent leg
hypotenuse
0.8824
cos R
tan R
0.6897
0.4706
18
8
10
0.9459
21
29
opposite leg
hypotenuse
adjacent leg
hypotenuse
0.8
cos R
0.3243
cos 35 AB
Chapter 11
Practice and Apply
0.6
Find the measure of AB, which is the hypotenuse.
1.4281
opposite leg
hypotenuse
leg
20. sin R opposite
hypotenuse
12.6 AC
AC 12.6 m
tan 55
0.04
1000 ft
4%
To find the angle of elevation, note that the 40 ft
vertical rise is opposite the angle and the 1000 ft
horizontal change is adjacent the angle. This
suggests we use tangent.
21 AC
AC 21 in.
Find the measure of BC, which is the side adjacent
B. Use the cosine ratio.
cos 30
40 ft
40
percent grade 1000
opposite leg
adjacent leg
18
4 110
1.4230
sin 80 0.9848
cos 48 0.6691
tan 15 0.2679
sin 53 0.7986
35. cos Q 0.7658

Q cos1 0.7658
40
37. sin A 0.8827
A sin1 0.8827
62
39. tan H 0.6473
H tan1 0.6473
33
41. cos M 0.9793
M cos1 0.9793
12
42. tan L 3.6541

L tan1 3.6541
75
43. Let A the angle that we need to find.
sin A
sin A
A
Now find the measure of C.

cos C
cos C
C
opposite leg
hypotenuse
10
16
10
sin1 16
1 2
opposite leg
tan A adjacent leg

2
A tan1
1142 2
8
cos A
cos A
A
adjacent leg
hypotenuse
10
16
10
cos1 16
1 2
51
sin A
sin A
A
opposite leg
tan A adjacent leg
opposite leg
hypotenuse
21
25
21
sin1 25
24
tan A 16
A tan1
1 2
cos A
A
adjacent leg
hypotenuse
17
21
17
cos1 21
tan 45 8
1 2
18
8b
36
48. Let A angle that we need to find.
cos 45
opposite leg
0.7071
tan A adjacent leg

tan A
5
8
A tan1
sin A
A
8
c
8
c
0.7071c 8
c 11.3 ft
53. 180 90 27 63
The measure of A is 63.
158 2
32
sin A
12416 2
56
52. 180 90 45 45
57
cos A
1 2
69
Now the measure of A is the difference between
the measures of C and B.
69 62 7
51. Let A the angle that we need to find. We can
use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the length
of the lower leg of the smaller right triangle.
a2 b2 c2
a2 242 252
a2 576 625
a2 49
a 149
a7
Now the length of the lower leg of the larger right
triangle is 23 7 or 16 units. Now find the
measure of A.
39
tan A 14
adjacent leg
hypotenuse
16
45
16
cos1 45
sin 27 20
opposite leg
hypotenuse
9
15
9
sin1 15
0.4540 20
1 2
9.1 in b
a
cos 27 20
37
50. Let A the angle that we need to find, B the
upper angle in the smaller right triangle, and
C the upper angle in the larger right triangle.
First find the measure of B.
0.8910 20
17.8 in a
opposite leg
tan B adjacent leg

30
tan B 16
B tan1
62
13016 2
531
Chapter 11
54. 180 90 21 69
The measure of B is 69.
58.
13
c
13
c
cos 21
0.9336
0.9336c 13
c 13.9
AB is about 13.9 cm long.
tan A 6
tan 21 13
A tan1
5.0 a
CB is about 5.0 cm long.
55. 180 90 40 50
a
a
0.6428 16
10.3 a
BC is about 10.3 ft long.
b
cos 40 16
b
0.7660 16
12.3 b
AC is about 12.3 ft long.
56. 180 90 20 70
0.3640
tan A 12
A tan1
33 b
AC is about 3.3 m long.
0.9397
9
c
9
c
0.9397c 9
c 9.6
AB is about 9.6 m long.
57. 180 90 38 52
tan 38
0.7813
sin A 6
A sin1
24
b
24
b
0.6157
626
61. sin A 4420

A sin1
24
c
24
c
8.1
62.
0.6157c 24
c 39
AB is about 39 in. long.
Chapter 11
136 2
30
180 90 30 60
0.7813b 24
b 30.7
AC is about 30.7 in. long.
sin 38
1125 2
23
180 90 23 67
c2 a2 b2
60.
62 32 b2
36 9 b2
27 b2
127 2b2
5.2 b
AC is about 5.2 cm long.
b
9
b
9
cos 20
186 2
53
180 90 53 37
59.
c2 a2 b2
c2 122 52
c2 144 25
c2 169
2c2 1169
c 13
AB is 13 ft long.
sin 40 16
tan 20
c2 a2 b2
c2 62 82
c2 36 64
c2 100
2c2 1100
c 10
AB is 10 ft long.
532
626
14420
2
c2 a2 b2
(4420) 2 a2 (626) 2
19,536,400 a2 391,876
19,144,524 a2
119,144,524 2a2
4375 a
The submarine traveled a horizontal distance of
about 4375 m.
3000
63. tan A 8000

A tan1
20.6
64.
c2
a2
Page 630
13000
8000 2
70.
b2

c2 80002 30002
c2 64,000,000 9,000,000
c2 73,000,000
2c2 173,000,000
c 8544
The distance is 8544 ft.
x
72.
0.7 x
x
sin 20 8
x
0.3420 8
2.74 x
from about 0.7 m to about 2.74 m
b
66. Let sin A c and let cos A c , where a and b are

legs of a right triangle and c is the hypotenuse.
a2
c2
b2
c2
a2 b2
.
c2
71.
KL
NO
3
4.5

KM
NP
9
o
5p 60
p 12
3o 40.5
o 13.5
LM
OP
5
10
KL
NO
3
4.5

KM
NP
3
o

LM
OP
k
12
4.5k 36
k8
d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
39 2(a 9) 2 (8 28) 2
39 2a2 18a 81 (36) 2
39 2a2 18a 81 1296
(39) 2 ( 2a2 18a 1377) 2
1521 a2 18a 1377
0 a2 18a 144
0 (a 24)(a 6)
or a 6 0
a 24 0
a 24
a 6
0.0872 8
Then sin2A cos2 A

KL
NO
6
p
5o 30
o6
65. sin 5 8
LM
OP
5
10
73.
Since the
d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
165 2(10 3) 2 (1 a) 2
165 272 1 2a a2
( 165 ) 2 ( 250 2a a2 ) 2
65 a2 2a 50
0 a2 2a 15
0 (a 5) (a 3)
a 5 a 3
Pythagorean Theorem states that a2 b2 c2, the

c2
expression becomes c2 or 1. Thus sin2A cos2A 1.
67. If you know the distance between two points and
the angles from these two points to a third point,
you can determine the distance to the third point
by forming a triangle and using trigonometric
ratios. Answers should include the following.
If you measure your distance from the
mountain and the angle of elevation to the
peak of the mountain from two different
points, you can write an equation using
trigonometric ratios to determine its height,
similar to Example 5.
You need to know the altitude of the two
points you are measuring.
68. A; Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find RT.
c2 a2 b2
42 a2 22
16 a2 4
12 a2
112 2a2
213 a
74. c2 (c2 3c) c4 3c3

75. s(4s2 9s 12) 4s3 9s2 12s
76. xy2 (2x2 5xy 7y2 ) 2x3y2 5x2y3 7xy4
77.
a 3b 2
4a 7b 23
Substitute 3b 2 for a in the other equation.
4(3b 2) 7b 23
12b 8 7b 23
5b 8 23
5b 15
b3
Substitute 3 for b into either equation.
a 3(3) 2
92
11
Checking values in both equations confirms the
solution is (11, 3).
RT is 213 units so TS is 213 units.

Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find RS.
c2 (213 ) 2 (213 ) 2
c2 12 12
c2 24
2c2 124
c 216
RS is 216 units.
2
69. D; cos Q 4
Q cos1
60
124 2
533
Chapter 11
p q 10
3p 2q 5
Solve the first equation for p.
p 10 q
Substitute 10 q for p into the other equation.
3(10 q) 2q 5
30 3q 2q 5
30 5q 5
5q 35
q7
Substitute 7 for q into either equation.
p 10 7
3
solution is (3, 7).
79. 3r 6s 0
4r 10s 2
Solve the first equation for r.
3r 6s 0
3r 6s
r 2s
Substitute 2s for r into the other equation.
4(2s) 10s 2
8s 10s 2
2s 2
s1
Substitute 1 for s into either equation.
r 2(1)
2
solution is (2, 1).
3a. Sample answer: dome, domestic, domicile

3b. Sample answer: eradicate, radicand, radius
3c. Sample answer: simile, similarity, similitude
78.

Page 632
2. true
4. true
6. true
7. false,
Pages 632636
9.
60
y2
160
1y2
14 115
0y 0
2 115
0y 0
10. 244a2b5 24 11 a2 b4 b
14 111 2a2 2b4 1b
2 111 0a 0 b2 1b
2 0a 0b2 111b
11. (3 2112 ) 2 32 2(3) (2112 ) (2112 ) 2

9 12112 48
57 12(213 )
57 2413
9
3 12
Reading Mathematics
1a. Sample answer: A circumstance that brings

about a result; any of two or more quantities
that form a product when multiplied together;
the quantities bring about a result, a product.
1b. Sample answer: The legs of an animal support
the animal; one of the two shorter sides of a
right triangle; the legs of a triangle support the
hypotenuse.
1c. Sample answer: To devise rational explanations
for ones acts without being aware that these are
not the real motives; to remove the radical signs
from an expression without changing its value;
to justify an action without changing its intent.
2a. Sample answer: Rank as determined by the sum
of a terms exponents; the degree of x2y2 is 4.
1
th of a circle; a semicircle measures 180.
360
2b. Sample answer: The difference between the
greatest and least values in a set of data; the
range of 2, 3, 6 is 6 2 or 4. The set of all
y-values in a function; the range of {(2, 6), (1, 3)}
is {6, 3}.
2c. Sample answer: Circular or spherical; circles are
round. To abbreviate a number by replacing its
ending digits with zeros; 235,611 rounded to the
nearest hundred is 235,600.
Chapter 11
x 12xy
y
8. true
12.
Page 631
1. false, 3 17
3. true
5. false, 3x 19 x2 6x 9
13.
14.
3
3 12
12
3
9(3 12)
9 2
27 9 12
7
2 17
3 15 5 13
23a3b4
28ab10
12
2 17
3 15 5 13
3 15 5 13 3 15 5 13
2 17(3 15 5 13)
45 75
2 17(3 15 5 13)
30
17(3 15 5 13)
15
5 121 3 135
15
a3
b4
3 8 a b10
3 8b6
13 2a2
18 2b6
3a2
0 a 0 13
2 0 b3 0 12
0 a 0 13
12
2 0 b3 0 12 12
0 a 0 16
4 0 b3 0
15. 213 815 315 313

(2 3) 13 (8 3) 15
513 515
16. 216 148 216 116 3
216 413
534
17. 4127 6148 4(313) 6(413)

1213 2413
3613
18. 417k 717k 217k (4 7 2) 17k
17k
19. 5118 31112 3198
5(312 ) 3(417 ) 3(712)
1512 1217 2112
(15 21) 12 1217
6 12 1217
20. 18
29.
Check:
2 12
1
12
4
8 12
4
12
4
9 12
4
21. 12(3 313 ) 312 (313 )( 12 )

312 316
22. 15(215 17 ) (215 )( 15 ) ( 17 )( 15 )
10 135
23. ( 13 12 ) (212 13 )
13(5) 14 5 6
( 13) (212) ( 13) ( 13) 12(212) 12( 13)

2 16 3 4 16
1 16
24. (6 15 2) (3 12 15 )
(6 15) (3 12) (6 15) ( 15) 2 (3 12) 2 15
18 110 30 6 12 2 15
25. 10 21b 0
Check:
21b 10
1b 5
( 1b ) 2 (5) 2
b 25
No solution
26.
1a 4 6
( 1a 4 ) 2 62
a 4 36
a 32
27.
Check:
17x 1 5
2
2
( 17x 1 ) (5)
7x 1 25
7x 26
x
28.
4a
33
20
4a
33
2
1 3 4a3 22 22
4a
3
4
a3
Check:
Check:
31.
10 2125 0
?
10 2(5) 0
?
10 10 0
20 0
32.
132 4 6
?
136 6
66
37 1 7 2 1 5
?
26
126 1 5
?
125 5
55
26
7
4(3)
3
15 4 5 8
112 4 12 8
?
19 3
116 4
3 3
44
the only solution.
30. 13x 14 x 6
13x 14 6 x
( 13x 14 ) 2 (6 x) 2
3x 14 36 12x x2
0 x2 15x 50
0 (x 5) (x 10)
x 5 0 or x 10 0
x 10
x5
Check:
3 8 212 2 12
1x 4 x 8
( 1x 4 ) 2 (x 8) 2
x 4 x2 16x 64
0 x2 17x 60
0 (x 5) (x 12)
x 5 0 or x 12 0
x5
x 12
33.
20
?
14 2 0
?
220
34.
00
535
13(10) 14 10 6
?
116 10 6
11 5 6
?
?
156
4 10 6
66
14 6
the only solution.
c2 a2 b2
c2 302 162
c2 900 256
c2 1156
2c2 11156
c 34
The hypotenuse is 34.
c2 a2 b2
c2 62 102
c2 36 100
c2 136
2c2 1136
c 11.66
The hypotenuse is 11.66.
c2 a2 b2
152 102 b2
225 100 b2
115 b2
1115 2b2
10.72 b
The length of the leg is 10.72.
c2 a2 b2
562 a2 42
3136 a2 16
3120 a2
13120 2a2
55.86 a
The length of the leg is 55.86.
Chapter 11
c2 a2 b2
302 182 b2
900 324 b2
576 b2
1576 2b2
24 b
The length of the leg is 24.
36.
c2 a2 b2
c2 (1.2) 2 (1.6) 2
c2 1.44 2.56
c2 4
2c2 14
c 2
The length of the hypotenuse is 2.
46. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2
1
2
1
35.
2[5 (2) ] 2 (11 6) 2

272 52
149 25
174
8.60
d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
47.
5 2 [1 (3) ] 2 (a 2) 2
5 242 a2 4a 4
5 2a2 4a 20
52 ( 2a2 4a 20 ) 2
25 a2 4a 20
0 a2 4a 5
0 (a 5)(a 1)
a 5 0 or a 1 0
a5
a 1
37. no; 92 162 202

38. yes; 202 212 292
39. yes; 92 402 412
d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
48.
40. no; 182 ( 124 ) 2 302
5 2(4 1) 2 (a 1) 2
5 232 a2 2a 1
(5) 2 ( 2a2 2a 10 ) 2
25 a2 2a 10
0 a2 2a 15
0 (a 5)(a 3)
a 5 0 or a 3 0
a5
a 3
41. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2
1
2
1
2(1 9) 2 [ 13 (2) ] 2
2(8) 2 (15) 2
164 225
1289
17
42. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2
1
2
1
d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
49.
2(7 4) 2 (9 2) 2
232 72
19 49
158
7.62
1145 2(5 6) 2 [ a (2) ] 2

1145 2(1) 2 a2 8a 4
( 1145 ) 2 ( 2a2 8a 5 ) 2
145 a2 8a 5
0 a2 8a 140
0 (a 14)(a 10)
a 14 0
or a 10 0
a 14
a 10
43. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2

2(2 4) 2 [7 (6) ] 2
2(6) 2 (13) 2
136 169
1205
14.32
d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
50.
1170 2(a 5) 2 [ 3 (2) ] 2

1170 2a2 10a 25 1
( 1170) 2 ( 2a2 10a 26 ) 2
170 a2 10a 26
0 a2 10a 144
0 (a 18)(a 8)
a 18 0 or a 8 0
a 18
a 8
44. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2

2(415 2 15) 2 (3 9) 2
2(215) 2 (6) 2
120 36
156
2114
7.48
51.
45. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2
1
2
1
2(7 4) 2 (12 8) 2
2(11) 2 (4) 2
1121 16
1137
11.70
AB
DE
16
9
AC
DF
12
e
16e 108
e
AB
DE
16
9
27
4
BC
EF
10
d
16d 90
d
Chapter 11
536
45
8
52.
AB
DE
10
12
AC
DF
6
e
10e 72
e 7.2
AB
DE
10
12
BC
EF
8
d
10d 96
d 9.6
53.
AB
DE
12
9
AC
DF
b
11
9b 132
b
AB
DE
12
9
AB
DE
15
6
54.
BC
AB
DE
15
6
d
12d 72
d6
BC
EF
28
53
0.8491
28
60. sin A 53
1.6071
0.5283
61. tan M 0.8043
62. sin I 0.1212
I sin1 (0.1212)
M tan1 (0.8043)
39
7
63. cos B 0.9781
64. cos F 0.7443
B cos1 (0.9781)
F cos1 (0.7443)
12
42
65. sin A 0.4540
66. tan Q 5.9080
A sin1 (0.4540)
Q tan1 (5.9080)
27
80
16
1
3 16
3
4 16
3
10
3
3 30
4 4
7 15(7) 14 2 15(2) 14
7 135 14
?
2 110 14
?
7 149
2 14
77
2 2
the only solution.
15.
14x 3 6 x
( 14x 3 ) 2 (6 x) 2
4x 3 36 12x x2
0 x2 16x 39
0 (x 3) (x 13)
x 3 0 or x 13 0
x 3 or
x 13
13
13
16
3
6. 2112x4y6 216 7 x4 y6
4 17 x2 |y3|
4x2|y3|17
7.
4 216
16
3
4 26(4) 8
x 15x 14
x2 ( 15x 14 ) 2
x2 5x 14
2 5x 14 0
x
(x 7)(x 2) 0
x 7 0 or x 2 0
x7
x 2
Check:
12
12
13
2 26(2) 8
No solution
14.
3 3 16 13
16
10 1 11
11 11
2 24
b; sine
a; cosine
c; tangent
2127 163 413 2(313 ) 317 413
613 317 413
213 317
2
1100 1 11
2 2
Page 637
5. 16
Check:

1.
2.
3.
4.
14(25) 1 11
14x 1 5 Check:
14(6) 1 5
?
( 14x 1 ) 2 52
124 1 5
?
4x 1 25
125 5
4x 24
55
x6
x 16x 8
13.
x2 ( 16x 8 ) 2
x2 6x 8
2
x 6x 8 0
(x 2)(x 4) 0
or x 4 0
x20
x 2
x 4
45
45
28
Check:
12.
28
45
58. cos A 53
0.8491
110(40) 20
?
1400 20
20 20
( 14s ) 2 102
4s 100
s 25
0.6222
45
53
Check:
14s 10
a
7
56. tan A
110x 20
( 110x ) 2 202
10x 400
x 40
11. 14s 1 11
6a 105
a 17.5
0.5283
59. tan B
20
e
e8
EF
57. sin B
10.
15e 120
44
3
55. cos B
AC
DF
Check:
14(3) 3 6 3
?
112 3 3
?
19 3
33
40
90
14(13) 3 6 (13)
?
152 3 19
155 19

39
2
3
8. 16(4 112 ) 416 172
416 612
9. (1 13 )(3 12 ) 3 12 313 16
537
Chapter 11
c2 a2 b2
c2 82 102
c2 64 100
c2 164
2c2 1164
c 1164
12.81
The hypotenuse is about 12.81 units.
c2 a2 b2
17.
122 (612 ) 2 b2
144 72 b2
72 b2
172 2b2
172 b
8.49 b
The length of the leg is about 8.49.
c2 a2 b2
18.
172 a2 132
289 a2 169
120 a2
1120 2a2
1120 a
10.95 a
The length of the leg is about 10.95.
16.
19. d 2(x2 x1
)2
(y2 y1
24.
BC
KH
4.5
j
25.
12
26.
)2
15a 240
a 16
AB
JK
20
15
AC
JH
b
16
15b 320
b
64
3
Chapter 11
3
j
1
42
AC
JH
b
1
24
1
108
c2 a2 b2
292 a2 212
841 a2 441
400 a2
1400 2a2
20 a
12021 2
A 44
B 180 90 44 46
c2 a2 b2
27.
c2 212 152
c2 441 225
c2 666
2c2 1666
c 25.8
15
tan A 21
A tan1
28.
11521 2
A 36
B 180 90 36 54
A 180 90 42 48
b
sin 42 10
6
j
6.7 b
a
cos 42 10
7.4 a
c a2 b2
29.
c2 92 122
c2 81 144
c2 225
2c2 1225
c 15 miles
AC
JH
13
k
12k 130
k
A tan1
BC
BC
KH
20
12j 60
j5
AB
JK
12
10
7.5
5
tan A 21
KH
2 [21 (9) ] 2 (7 2) 2
2302 52
1900 25
1925
5137
30.41
AB
JK
12
10
AC
JH
b64
21. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
23.
7.5
5
j1
2(1 (1)) 2 (5 1) 2

222 (6) 2
14 36
140
2110
6.32
BC
AB
JK
1
42
1
12
1
42 j
AB
JK
1
42
1
12
1
12 b
20. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
KH
7.5j 22.5
j3
2(4
(2 7) 2
2
20 (9) 2
181
9
AB
JK
20
15
AC
JH
7.5h 32.5
h 4.3
4) 2
22.
AB
JK
6.5
h
65
6
538
30. B; A /w
16 (2132 316 )
2 1192 3(6)
2(813 ) 18
1613 18 units2
10. 2y 2x 4 0
m
A
B
3
2
1
2
3
m 3 since slopes of parallel lines are equal.

11.
Pages 638639
1. D; y 2x 1
2. C;
/w6
2/ 2w 92
3. C; Let x cost of highway resurfacing project
y cost of bridge repair project
x y 2,500,000
y 2x 200,000
x 2x 200,000 2,500,000
3x 2,700,000
x $900,000
12. Let x first integer

y second integer
x y 66
1
y 18 2x
4. C; 32,800,000 3.28 107

n7
2
5. A; x 7x 18 0
(x 2)(x 9) 0
x 2 0 or x 9 0
x2
x 9
Substitute 18 2x for y into the other equation.

1
x 18 2x 66
1
12x 48
x 32
32 y 66
y 34
The two integers are 32 and 34.
g t2 t
132 t2 t
0 t2 t 132
0 (t 12)(t 11)
t 12 0
or t 11 0
t 12
t 11
12 teams are in the league.
6. B;
13. h(t) 16t2 v t h

0
0
When the ball hits the ground h(t) 0.
0 16t2 60t 100
0 4t2 15t 25
0 (4t 5) (t 5)
4t 5 0 or t 5 0
4t 5
7. B; c2 a2 b2
Let x length of shorter leg
x 4 length of longer leg
202 x2 (x 4) 2
400 x2 x2 8x 16
0 2x2 8x 384
0 2(x2 4x 192)
0 2(x 16)(x 12)
x 16 0
or x 12 0
x 16
x 12
The shorter leg is 12 in.
8. A; c2 a2 b2
c2 122 52
c2 144 25
c2 169
2c2 1169
c 13
The distance is 13 yards.
9. D; 4, one in each quadrant.
t5
t 4
It will take the ball 5 seconds.

14. x2 8x 6 0
x
b 2b2 4ac
2a
8 2(8) 2 4(1) (6)

2(1)
8 164 24
2
8 140
2
x
8 140
2
or
x
7.16
3
8 140
2
0.84
3
15. 23181 23(9)

3
127
3
539
Chapter 11
1 2 1 2
3 4
2 3
16. x
2x
x
1 2
20. C; c2 a2 b2
c2 102 112
c2 100 121
c2 221
2c2 1221
c 1221
(x2 )
x2
1
x2
x1
1
2
x
x
1
x22
x
21a.
17.
x2
x 1x
A /w
64 x
x3
1
6
7
3
Value of Column B
12y 16 8y
4y 16
y 4
start
c2

b2
2
c 7 92
c2 49 81
c2 130
2c2 1130
c 11.4 mi
21c. The sketch shows that the distance she is from
her starting point is the length of the
hypotenuse of a right triangle with legs 7 mi
and 9 mi long.
21b.
m B
2
3
Value of Column B
Substitute 0 for x to find the y-intercept.
7(0) 4y 4
4y 4
y1
Chapter 11
finish
x 1
x
64 x2
164 2x2
8 x
18. B; Value of Column A
13x 12 10x 3
3x 12 3
3x 15
x 5
19. B; Value of Column A
2x 3y 10
( 1390 ) 2 a2 132
390 a2 169
221 a2
1221 2a2
1221 a
540
a2
Chapter 12
Page 641
y
9
1.
Rational Expressions and Equations
2.
16(y) (9)(7)
16y 63
63
3
15
n
1.1
0.6
4.
9.
10.
11.
12.
2.7
3.6
x
8
8.47
n
6.
8.1
a
9
8
0.21
2
6
0.19
2
6m
6
24
6c2d2
3x
3
10(5 x) 14(x 3)
50 10x 14x 42
50 10x 50 14x 42 50
10x 14x 92
10x 14x 14x 92 14x
4x 92
4x
4
92
4
x 23
23.
6
7n 1
6
7n 1
6
5
2 5(6)
7n 1 30
7n 1 1 30 1
7n 31
7n
7
3c2d(1

2d)
3c
6nm 15m2 3m(2n 5m)
x2 11x 24 (x 3)(x 8)
x2 4x 45 (x 9)(x 5)
2x2 x 21 2x2 6x 7x 21
(2x2 6x) (7x 21)
2x(x 3) 7(x 3)
(x 3)(2x 7)
18. 3x2 12x 9 3x2 3x 9x 9
(3x2 3x) (9x 9)
3x(x 1) 9(x 1)
(x 1)(3x 9)
3(x 1)(x 3)
3x 2 5
19.
3x 2 2 5 2
3x 3
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
m 10
11
149
6
149
m 6
5 x
14
10
x 3
22.
2.7(a) 3.6(8.1)
0.19(24) 2(x)
2.7a 29.16
4.56 2x
a 10.8
2.28 x
30 2 3 5
42 2 3 7
GCF 2 3 or 6
60r2 2 2 3 5 r r
45r3 3 3 5 r r r
GCF 3 5 r r or 15r2
32m2n3 2 2 2 2 2 m m n n n
12m2n 2 2 3 m m n
GCF 2 2 m m n or 4m2n
14a2b2 2 7 a a b b
18a3b 2 3 3 a a a b
GCF 2 a a b or 2a2b
2d
11(m 9) 5(m 10)

11m 99 5m 50
11m 99 99 5m 50 99
11m 5m 149
11m 5m 5m 149 5m
6m 149
9(6) 8(y)
54 8y
6.75 y
8.
m 9
5
21.
2(x) 8(0.21)
2x 1.68
x 0.84
1.1(n) 0.6(8.47)
1.1(n) 5.082
n 4.62
7.
2
10
x 20
3(n) 15(1)
3n 15
n5
5.
y
x
2(x) 4(10)
2x 40
y 16
3.
20. 5x 8 3x (2x 3)
2x 8 2x 3
2x 8 2x 2x 3 2x
8 3
No Solution
Getting Started
7
16
n
24.
9
4t 5
9
4t 5
9
7
2 7(9)
4t 5 63
4t 5 5 63 5
4t 58
31
7
31
7
4t
4
58
4
t 14.5
x x 56 0
(x 8)(x 7) 0
x 8 0 or x 7 0
x8
x 7
x2 2x 8
26.
x2 2x 8 0
(x 4)(x 2) 0
or x 2 0
x40
x 4
x2
25.
3
3
x 1
541
Chapter 12
7.
12-1 Inverse Variation

Page 645
24
6
1. Sample answer: xy 8
2. Sample answer: Direct variation equations are in
the form y kx and inverse variation equations
are in the form xy k. The graph of a direct
variation is linear while the graph of an inverse
variation is nonlinear.
3. b; Sample answer: As the price increases, the
number purchased decreases.
4. Solve for k.
xy k
(24) (8) k
192 k
xy 192
Choose values for x and y whose product is 192.
Sample answer:
x
48
24
12
8
8
12
24
48
y
4
8
16
24
24
16
8
4
100
21.87
5.4
x
12
6
4
1
4
6
12
y
1
2
3
12
3
2
1
100 x
5120
8
Pages 645647
11.
8x
4
8
8y2
8
9 y2
Thus, y 9 when x 8.
Chapter 12
8y2
8
542
Practice and Apply
xy k
(8)(24) k
192 k
Sample answer:
x
24
12
8
8
12
24
x1y1 x2 y2
(6) (12) (8)(y2 )
72 8y2
72
8
640 y2
Thus, the frequency of an 8-inch string is
640 cycles per second.
4
O
x2
10. (length of string) (frequency of vibrations)

x1y1 x2 y2
(10) (512) (8)(y2 )
5120 8y2
xy 12
4
32x2
32
100
8
Thus, x 4 when y 32.
50
5.4x2
5.4
8 32x2
8
32
1
4
50
50
112 2 (16) (x2)(32)
6y2
6
4.05 x2
Thus x 4.05 when y 5.4.
9.
x y x y
1 1
2 2
xy 192
100 50
4 y2
Thus, y 4 when x 6.
8.
x1y1 x2 y2
(8.1)(2.7) (x2 )(5.4)
21.87 5.4x2
5. Solve for k.
xy k
(2)(6) k
12 k
xy 12
Sample answer:
6.
x1y1 x2 y2
(3)(8) (6)(y2 )
24 6y2
y
8
16
24
24
16
8
100
y
xy 192
50
100 50 O
50
100
50
100 x
12.
xy k
(4)(3) k
12 k
Sample answer:
x
6
4
3
3
4
6
y
2
3
4
4
3
2
15.
x
8
4
2
2
4
8
xy 12
4
8
4
xy k
(8)(9) k
72 k
xy 72
Sample answer:
8x
4
8
y
9
18
36
36
18
9
y
xy 72
16
8
16 8 O
16 x
8
16
13.
xy k
(15) (5) k
75 k
xy 75
Sample answer:
x
25
15
5
5
15
25
y
3
5
15
15
5
3
xy 75
16.
y
40
x
8
4
2
2
4
8
20
20 10 O
10
20 x
20
40
14.
y
2
4
12
12
4
2
xy 48
17.
y
20
10
20 10 O
10
10
20x
xy 19.44
3y2
3
20 y2
Thus, xy 60 and y 20 when x 3.
18.
x1y1 x2 y2
(2)(7) (7) (y2 )
14 7y2
10
10
x y x y
1 1
2 2
(5)(12) (3) (y2 )
60 3y2
60
3
y
20
20 10 O
y
2.43
4.86
9.72
9.72
4.86
2.43
20
xy k
(12) (4) k
48 k
xy 48
Sample answer:
x
24
12
4
4
12
24
xy k
(8.1)(2.4) k
19.44 k
xy 19.44
Choose values for x and y whose product is 19.44.
Sample answer:
20 x
14
7
10
7y2
7
2 y2
19.
x1y1 x2 y2
(1)(8.5) (x2 ) (1)
8.5 x2
20
8.5
1
x2
1
8.5 x2
Thus, xy 8.5 and x 8.5 when y 1.
20.
x y x y
1 1
2 2
(1.55)(8) (x2 ) (0.62)
12.4 0.62x2
12.4
0.62
0.62x2
0.62
20 x
2
Thus, xy 12.4 and x 20 when y 0.62.
543
Chapter 12
21.
x1y1 x2 y2
(4.4)(6.4) (x2 )(3.2)
28.16 3.2x2
28.16
3.2
28.
3.2x2
3.2
1.25
20
8.8 x2
Thus, xy 28.16 and x 8.8 when y 3.2.
22.
x1y1 x2 y2
(0.5)(1.6) (x2 )(3.2)
0.8 3.2x2
0.8
3.2
3.2x2
3.2
16
7
y2
12
5
14
3
14
3
when x 5.
108
15
7y2
1 2 3(7y2)
21y2
21
y2
Thus, xy
26.
12
1
2
14
3
220
65
220
65
32y2
t2
32y2
32
t
2
y2
x1y1 x2 y2
(6.1)(4.4) (x2 )(3.2)
26.84 3.2x2
26.84
3.2
3.2x2
3.2
8.3875 x2
Chapter 12
15h2
15
65t2
65
t2
220
h
65
(220) (60)
65
min
t 203 min
2
t2 3 h and 23 min
It takes about 3 hours and 23 minutes if they
drive 65 miles per hour.
33. 4 h 0 min S 3 h 60 min
3 h 23 min
3 h 23 min
37 min
If they drive at 65 miles per hour, they can save
about 37 min.

27.
or
8 32y2
8
32
1
4
1.6p2
1.6
(55) (4) (65)(t2 )

220 65t2
and y 3 when x 7.
x y x y
1 1
2 2
(16) (32) (y2 )
16
2
7.2 h2
It takes 7.2 hours, if 15 students hand out
1000 flyers.
32. Let r1 55, t1 4, and r2 65. Solve for t2.
r t r t
1 1
2 2
14 21y2
14
21
2
3
90w2
90
660 p2
The pitch of a tone with a wavelength of 1.6 feet
is 660 vibrations per second.
31. Let s1 12, h1 9, and s2 15. Solve for h2.
s h s h
1 1
2 2
(12) (9) (15)(h2 )
108 15h2
5y2
5
x y x y
1 1
2 2
2
(7)

(7)
(y2 )
3
12
1056
1.6
Thus, xy 12 and y
25.
when x 7.
x y x y
1 1
2 2
(2)(6) (5)(y2 )
12 5y2
12
5
12
5
20x2
20
8 w2
The width of the second rectangle is 8 inches.
30. (pitch) (wavelength)
Let p1 440, w1 2.4, and w2 1.6. Solve
for p2.
p1w1 p2w2
(440)(2.4) (p2 )(1.6)
105.6 1.6p2
y2
Thus, xy 16 and y
24.
720
90
7y2
7
0.0625 x2
Thus, xy 1.25 and x 0.0625 when y 20.
29. A w
Let 1 20, w1 36, and 2 90. Solve for w2.
1w1 2w2
(20) (36) (90)(w2 )
720 90w2
0.25 x2
23. x1y1 x2 y2
(4)(4) (7) (y2 )
16 7y2
16
7
16
7
x1y1 x2 y2
(0.5)(2.5) (x2 )(20)
1.25 20x2
544
42. A; Graphs B and D can be ignored since they are

linear, showing direct variation. The point at
(2, 4) is one solution to the equation, so it
must be on the graph. Graph A contains this point
and Graph C does not. Therefore, the correct
choice is A.
34. If V is the volume of a gas at pressure P, then

PV k.
or
If V1 is the volume at pressure P1, and V2 is the
volume at pressure P2, then P1V1 P2V2.
35.
P1V1 P2V2
(1) (60) (3)(V2 )
60 3V2
60
3
Page 647
3V2
3
tan A
20 V2
The new volume of the gas is 20 cubic meters.
36.
P1V1 P2V2
(1) (22) (0.8)(V2 )
22 0.8V2
22
0.8
0.8V2
0.8
sin A
The volume of the balloon at 0.8 atmosphere is

27.5 cubic meters.
37. Let w1 36, d1 8, and d2 20 d1. Solve
for w2.
w d w d
1 1
2 2
(36) (8) (w2 )(20 8)
288 12w2
y1
2
Use a calculator.
2nd [SIN1] 10 12 ENTER
56.44269024
The measure of the missing angle is 56.
45. Let A represent the missing angle.
12w2
12
cos A
46.
1
y
2 1
y2
Thus, if the value of x1 is doubled, the value of y

1
will be 2 of what it was.
39. Let y2 3y1
x1y1 x2 y2
x1y1 x23y1
x1y1
3y
1
x1
3
adjacent leg
hypotenuse
3
10
Use a calculator.
1
KEYSTROKES: 2nd [COS ] 3 10 ENTER
72.54239688
2x1y2
2x
y2 or
opposite leg
hypotenuse
10
12
KEYSTROKES:
24 w2
The second piece of art must weigh 24 kg.
38. Let x2 2x1
x1y1 x2 y2
x1y1 2x1y2
x1y1
2x
opposite side
adjacent leg
7
8
Use a calculator.
1
KEYSTROKES: 2nd [TAN ] 7 8 ENTER
41.18592517
27.5 V2
288
12
a
d
3
12
f
b
e
10
e
3
12
10
e
9
f
3(e) (12) (10)

3e 120
3e
3
x23y1
3y
1
120
3
47.
a
d
a
21

a
21
Thus, if the value of y is tripled, the value of x

will be one third of what it was.
40. Sample answer: When the gear ratio is lower, the
pedaling revolutions increase to keep a constant
speed. Answers should include the following.
Shifting gears will require that the rider
increase pedaling revolutions.
Lower gears at a constant rate will cause a
decrease in speed, while higher gears at a
constant rate will cause an increase in speed.
41. B;
xy k
(1.3)(4.25) k
5.525 k
3
12
9
f
3(f ) (12) (9)

3f 108
3f
3
48.
545
108
3
f
4
f
28
28(a) (8) (21)

28a 168
28a
28
e 40
x2 or 3 x1 x2
b
e
8
28
168
28
a6
8
28
4
f
8(f ) (4) (28)

8f 112
8f
8
112
8
f 36
f 14
A is 220 2 2 5 11
C is 264 2 2 2 3 11
C sharp is 275 5 5 11
GCF of A and C 2 2 11 44
GCF of A and C sharp 5 11 55
GCF of C and C sharp 11
Therefore, A and C sharp have the closest
harmony.
Chapter 12
49.
7(2y 7) 5(4y 1)
7(2y) 7(7) 5(4y) 5(1)
14y 49 20y 5
14y 49 49 20y 5 49
14y 20y 5 49
14y 20y 20y 20y 54
6y 54
6y
6
50.
36 2 2 3 3
15 3 5
45 3 3 5
GCF 3
56. 48 2 2 2 2 3
60 2 2 3 5
84 2 2 3 7
GCF 2 2 3 12
58. 17a 17 a
57. 210 10 3 7
55.
54
6
y 9
w(w 2) 2w(w 3) 16
w2 2w 2w2 6w 16
2 2w w2 2w2 6w 16 w2
w
2w w2 6w 16
2w 2w w2 6w 16 2w
0 w2 8w 16
0 (w 4)(w 4)
w40
w4404
w4
51.
330 10 3 11
34a2 2 17 a a
GCF 17a
150 10 3 5
GCF 10 3 30
59. 12xy2 2 2 3 x y y
18x2y3 2 3 3 x x y y y
GCF 2 3 x y y 6xy2
60. 12pr2 2 2 3 p r r
40p4 2 2 2 5 p p p p
GCF 2 2 p 4p
12-2 Rational Expressions

y x 1
Page 651
1. Sample answer: Factor the denominator, set each

factor equal to 0, and solve for x.
y 3x 5
2. Sample answer:
52.
y 2x 3
x
2y 5x 14
53.
2x
2
y0
x
xy1
54.
7.
y
3x 2y 16
6
2
56x y
70x3y2
(14x y) (4)
(14x2y) (5xy)
(14x y) (4)
(14x2y) (5xy)
4
5xy
Exclude the values for which 70x3y2 0.

70x3 0 or y2 0
x3 0
y0
x0
The excluded values are x 0 and y 0.
x
x 4y 4
Chapter 12
5x 8y 8
O
1
x2 11x 28
x 3
The excluded value is 3.
6. Exclude the values for which n2 n 20 0.
(n 5)(n 4) 0
n50
or n 4 0
n 5
n4
The excluded values are 5 and 4.
xy3
or
3. Sample answer: You need to determine excluded

values before simplifying. One or more factors
may have been canceled in the denominator.
4. Exclude the values for which 3 a 0.
3a0
a 3
5. Exclude the values for which 2x 6 0.
2x 6 0
2x 6
1
(x 4) (x 7)
546
8.
x2 49
x 7
(x 7) (x 7)
x 7
(x 7 ) (x 7)
(x 7 )
13.
b2 3b 4
b2 13b 36
(b 1) (b 4)
(b 9) (b 4)
(b 1) (b 4 )
(b 9) (b 4 )
b 1
b 9
x7
Exclude the values for which x 7 0.
x70
x 7
9.
x 4
x2 8x 16
x 4
(x 4) (x 4)
x 4
(x 4 ) (x 4)
Exclude the values for which b2 13b 36 0.

b 9 0 or b 4 0
b9
b4
14. Let g the number of guppies.
4
4 g
represents the fraction of neon fish in the

aquarium.
15. Let g the number of guppies.
Double the guppy population, 2g, plus the four
neon fish, plus five new fish can be represented
4
by 9 2g.
x
1
4
Exclude the values for which x2 8x 16 0.

or x 4 0
x40
x 4
x 4
10.
x2 2x 3
x2 7x 12
(x 1) (x 3)
(x 4) (x 3)
(x 1) (x 3 )
(x 4) (x 3 )
Pages 651653
x 1
4
x

(x 4)(x 3) 0
x 4 0 or x 3 0
x4
x3
11.
a2 4a 12
a2 2a 8
(a 6) (a 2)
(a 2) (a 4)
(a 6) (a 2 )
(a 2 ) (a 4)
a 6
a 4
Exclude the values for which a2 2a 8 0.

a2 2a 8 0
(a 2)(a 4) 0
a 2 0 or a 4 0
a2
a 4
12.
2x2 x 21
2x2 15x 28
(2x 7) (x 3)
(2x 7) (x 4)
(2x 7 ) (x 3)
(2x 7 ) (x 4)
x 3
4
x
Exclude the values for which 2x2 15x 28 0.

(2x 7)(x 4) 0
2x 7 0 or x 4 0
2x 7
x4
7
x2
The excluded values are
7
2
Practice and Apply
16. Exclude the values for which m 2 0.

m20
m2
17. Exclude the values for which b 5 0.
b50
b 5
18. Exclude the values for which n2 36 0.
(n 6)(n 6) 0
n 6 0 or n 6 0
n6
n 6
19. Exclude the values for which x2 25 0.
(x 5)(x 5) 0
x 5 0 or x 5 0
x5
x 5
20. Exclude the values for which a2 2a 3 0.
(a 3)(a 1) 0
or a 1 0
a30
a 3
a1
21. Exclude the values for which x2 2x 15 0.
(x 5)(x 3) 0
or x 3 0
x50
x 5
x3
22. Exclude the values for which n2 n 30 0.
(n 6)(n 5) 0
or n 5 0
n60
n 6
n5
23. Exclude the values for which x2 12x 35 0.
(x 5)(x 7) 0
or x 7 0
x50
x 5
x 7
and 4.
547
Chapter 12
24.
35yz2
14y2z
(7yz) (5z)
(7yz) (2y)
(7yz ) (5z)
(7yz ) (2y)
Exclude the values for which 36mn3 12m2n2 0.

36mn3 12m2n2 12mn2 (3n m)
12m 0 or n2 0 or 3n m 0
m0
n0
3n m
The excluded values are m 0, n 0, and 3n m.
5z
2y
Exclude the values for which 14y2z 0.
14y2 0 or z 0
y2 0
y0
The excluded values are y 0 and z 0.
25.
14a3b2
42ab3
(14ab2 ) (a2 )
(14ab2 ) (3b)
(14ab ) (a2 )
(14ab2 ) (3b)
a2
3b
30.
31.
(16qrs) (4r)
(16qrs) (q)
(16qrs ) (4r)
(16qrs ) (q)
4r
q
32.
(3xyz) (3x)
(3xyz) (8z)
(3xyz ) (3x)
(3xyz ) (8z)
3x
8z
(z 2 ) (z 8)
z 2
4x 8
x2 6x 8
4(x 2)
(x 4) (x 2)
4(x 2 )
(x 4) (x 2 )
1
x
33.
(7ab) (a2b)
(7ab) (3a 7b2 )
(7ab ) (a2b)
(7ab ) (3a 7b2 )
2(y 2)
(y 5) (y 2)
1
2(y 2 )
(y 5) (y 2 )
1
2
5
Exclude the values for which y2 3y 0.

(y 5)(y 2)
or y 2 0
y50
y 5
y2
a2b
3a 7b2
34.
Exclude values for which 21a2b 49ab3 0.

7a 0 or b 0 or 3a 7b2 0
a0
3a 7b2
m2 36
m2 5m 6

(m 6) (m 6)
(m 1) (m 6)
1
(m 6) (m 6 )
(m 1) (m 6 )
m 6
m1
a 3b2
Exclude the values for which m2 5m 6 0.

(m 1)(m 6)
m10
or m 6 0
m 1
m6
The excluded values are a 0, b 0, and a 3b2.

(3mn2 )mn
4m(mn2 )
12n(3mn2 )
(3mn2 )mn
4m(3mn2 )
12n
(3mn2 )mn
4m(3mn2 )
12n
y
3m2n3
36mn3 12m2n2
2y 4
y2 3y 10
Exclude the values for which 24xyz2 0.

24x 0 or y 0 or z2 0
x0
z0
The excluded values are x 0, y 0, and z 0.
7a3b2
21a2b 49ab3
4
4

(x 4)(x 2) 0
x40
or x 2 0
x 4
x 2
mn
4m
12n
Chapter 12
(z 2) (z 8)
z 2
29.
Exclude the values for which 16q2rs 0.

16q2 0 or r 0 or s 0
q2 0
q0
The excluded values are q 0, r 0, and s 0.
28.
z2 10z 16
z 2
z8
Exclude the values for which z 2 0.
z20
z 2
9x2yz
24xyz2
(x 5 ) (x 4)
x 5
27.
(x 5) (x 4)
x 5
x4
Exclude the values for which x 5 0.
x50
x 5
Exclude the values for which 42ab3 0.

42a 0 or b3 0
a0
b0
The excluded values are a 0 and b 0.
64qr s
16q2rs
26.
x2 x 20
x 5
548
35.
a2 9
a2 6a 27
(a 3) (a 3)
(a 9) (a 3)
1
(a 3) (a 3 )
(a 9) (a 3 )
2(2x2 3x 2)
2(x2 4x 4)
2(2x 1) (x 2)
2(x 2) (x 2)
a 3
a 9
1
1
2 (2x 1) (x 2 )
2 (x 2) (x 2 )
2x 1
x 2
40.
4x2 6x 4
2x2 8x 8

(a 9)(a 3)
a90
or a 3 0
a 9
a3
36.
x2 x 2
x2 3x 2
(x 2) (x 1)
(x 2) (x 1)
1
(x 2) (x 1 )
(x 2) (x 1 )
x 2
x 2

2(x 2)(x 2)
x20
x2
41.
3m2 9m 6
4m2 12m 8

4
Exclude the values for which 4m2 12m 8 0.
4(m 2)(m 1)
m20
or m 1 0
m 2
m 1
42. a 4500 1000 4.5
43. 3500 1000 3.5
(b 4) (b 2)
(b 4) (b 16)
(b 4) (b 2)
(b 4) (b 16)
Exclude the values for which b2 20b 64.

(b 4)(b 16)
b 4 0 or b 16 0
b4
b 16
38.
x2 x 20
x3 10x2 24x
t

1
(x 4 ) (x 5)
4 ) (x 6)
x(x
t
x 5
x(x 6)
n2 8n 12
n3 12n2 36n
40(37.95)
(n 2) (n 6)
36)
(n 2) (n 6)
n(n 6) (n 6)
1
(n 2) (n 6 )
n(n 6) (n 6 )
40.97
about 41 min to cook a potato.
45. The times are not doubled even though the
altitude is. The difference between the times is
12 minutes.
n(n2 12n
n 2
6)
40 [ 25 1.85(7) ]
50 1.85(7)
50 12.95
Exclude the values for which x3 10x2 24x 0.

x(x 4)(x 6)
x 0 or x 4 0 or x 6 0
x 4
x 6
The excluded values are 0, 4, and 6.
39.
40 [ 25 1.85(3.5) ]
50 1.85(3.5)
40(25 6.475)
50 6.475
40(31.475)
43.525
28.93
about 29 min
44. 7000 1000 7
(x 4) (x 5)
4) (x 6)
x(x
3(m 3m 2 )
4(m2 3m 2 )

(x 2)(x 1)
x 2 0 or x 1 0
x2
x1
b2 2b 8
b2 20b 64
3(m2 3m 2)
4(m2 3m 2)
2
37.
46. MA
s r
r
47. MA
17.5 0.4
0.4
MA 42.75
48. Force on lid MA force applied
42.75 6
256.5 lb
450 4n
49. 450 4n
50.
n
n(n
Exclude the values for which n3 12n2 36n 0.

n(n 6) (n 6)
n 0 or n 6 0
n6
51. 15
450 4n
n
15n 450 4n
11n 450
n 40.9
41 students must attend.
52.
54.
450 4(n 2)
n

4
53.
Area Circle
Area Square
x2
(2x) 2
x2
4x2

4
0.785
79%
549
Chapter 12
61.
55a. Sample answer: The graphs appear to be

identical because the second equation is the
simplified form of the first equation.
55b. Sample answer: The first graph has a hole at
x 4 because it is an excluded value of the
equation.
56. Sample answer: Use the rational expression for
light intensity to help determine the brightness of
the picture on the screen for the distance between
the projector and the screen. Answers should
Find the solutions for the expression in the
denominator.
Use the light intensity expression to
determine the brightness of a search light.
57. C; The other expressions can be factored.
58. B;
7.5
8
4.374606646
The measure of V is 4.
65. sin A 0.7011
1
44.51532391
xy k
(10) (6) k
60 k
xy 60
x1y1 x2 y2
(10) (6) (12) (y2 )
60 12y2
60
12
66.
12y2
12
112 2 (16) k
k
8k
xy 8
x1y1 x2 y2
16
2
(x2 )(32)
32x2
Check:
8 32x2
8
32
1
4
12z 2 z 3
?
12(1) 2 1 3
32x2
32
14 2
2 2
x2
The only solution is 7.
Chapter 12
1a 3 2
?
11 3 2
?
14 2
22
67.
12z 2 z 3
( 12z 2) 2 (z 3) 2
2z 2 z2 6z 9
2z 2 2z 2 z2 6z 9 2z 2
0 z2 8z 7
0 (z 1) (z 7)
z 1 0 or z 7 0
z1
z7
Thus, y 5 when x 12.

60.
xy k
1
(16)
2
1a 3 2
( 1a 3) 2 22
a34
a1
Check:
5 y2
16
2
8y2
8
13.57393947
The measure of N is 14.
63. cos B 0.3218
1
KEYSTROKES: 2nd [COS ] .3218 ENTER
71.22818376
64. tan V 0.0765
1
KEYSTROKES: 2nd [TAN ] .0765 ENTER
x2 6x 5 0
(x 5)(x 1) 0
x 5 or x 1
5 and 1 are excluded values.
59.
0.9375 y2
Thus, y 0.9375 when x 8.
62. sin N 0.2347
1
x2 3x 2
x2 6x 5
Page 653
xy k
(3)(2.5) k
7.5 k
xy 7.5
x y x y
1 1
2 2
(3)(2.5) (8) (y2 )
7.5 8y2
550
12z 2 z 3
?
12(7) 2 7 3
?
116 4
44
68.
74. A /w
A (2x y) (x y)
2x2 2xy xy y2
2x2 3xy y2
The area is 2x2 3xy y2 square units.
113 4p p 8
113 4p p p 8 p
113 4p 8 p
13 4p (8 p) 2
13 4p 64 16p p2
13 4p 13 64 16p p2 13
4p 51 16p p2
4p 4p 51 16p p2 4p
0 p2 20p 51
0 ( p 3)( p 17)
or p 17 0
p30
p 3
p 17
113 4p p 8
Check:
113 4(3) (3) 8
84 in.
1
76.
4.5 m
1
77.
113 4p p 8
78.
181 17 8
?
538
9 17 8
88
12 in.
1 ft
84 in.
1
1 ft
12 in. 7 ft
100 cm
m
4h
1
450 cm
60 min
h
15 min
1
60 s
min 14,400 s
60 s
min 900 s
14,400 s 900 s 15,300 s
125 3 8
113 4(17) (17) 8
79.
26 8
80.

69.
75.
18 mi 5280 ft
mi 95,040 ft
1
3 days 24 h
day 72 h
1
220 mL
1000 mL
220 mL

1
1
L
1000 mL
220 L
1000
0.22 L
23r2
61 2r 1
61) 2 (2r 1) 2
3r2 61 4r2 4r 1
0 4r2 4r 1 3r2 61
0 r2 4r 60
0 (r 6)(r 10)
r 6 0 or r 10 0
r6
r 10
( 23r2
23r 2 61 2r 1
Check:
23(6) 2
61 2(6) 1
Page 654
1.
1108 61 12 1
3x 6
x2 7x 10
3(x 2 )
(x 2 ) (x 5)
3
x 5
When x 5, x 5 0. When x 2,

x 2 0. Therefore, x cannot equal 2 or 5
because you cannot divide by zero.
23r 2 61 2r 1
23(10) 2

61 2(10) 1
?
1300 61 20 1
1169 13
1361 21
13 13
19 21

70. Common factor:
3
1
3
27 3 81
81 3 243
243 3 729
Thus, the next three terms are 81, 243, and 729.
71. Common factor:
24
6
[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
2.
4
(x 8 ) (x 1)
(x 8 ) (x 8)
1
x 1
8
x
384 4 1536
1536 4 6144
6144 4 24,576
Thus, the next three terms are 1536, 6144, and
24,576.
1
x2 9x 8
x2 16x 64
When x 8, x 8 0. Therefore, x cannot equal

8 because you cannot divide by 0.
72. Common factor: 2 4 2

2 (2) 4
4 (2) 8
8 (2) 16
Thus, the next three terms are 4,8, and 16.
73. Common factor:
27
16
81
64
243
256
81
243
729
[5, 15] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
3
4
4 64
4 256
4 1054
Thus, the next three terms are
81 243
,
,
64 256
729
and 1054.
551
Chapter 12
3.
5x2 10x 5
3x2 6x 3
5(x2 2x 1 )
1)
3(x2 2x
10.
1
24 feet
1 second
60 seconds
1 minute
60 minutes
1 hour
1 mile
5280 feet
220
1 60 60 1 mile
3
1 1 1 hour 220
When x 1, x 2x 1 0. Therefore, x

cannot equal 1 because you cannot divide by 0.
3600 miles
220 hour
16.36 mph
11.
4,000
240,000 miles
1
1 hour
1 day
60 minutes 24 hours
1
40
4,000 1 1 1 day
1 100 1 24
40 days
24
2
13 days

[10, 10] scl: 1 by [10, 10] scl: 1
1 minutes
100 miles
4.
2x 9
4x2 18x
2x 9
9)
2x(2x
Pages 657659
2x
12.
a. Sample answer: Examine the values and verify

that they are identical.
b. It displays ERROR.
8
x2
2x
8x
4x 4x3
1
2x
13.
10r3
6n3
2 1
,
1 x
15.
2. Sample answer: When the negative sign in front

of the first expression is distributed, the
numerator is x 6.
3. Amiri; Sample answer: Amiri correctly divided by
the GCF.
4.
64y
5y
5y
8y
8 y
2
64y
5y
16.
17.
15 s2 t 3
12 s t
3 11
7.
m 4
3m
x2 4
2
(m
x
1
3
2
4t
n2 16
n 4
1
m 4
3m
4m
3(m 5)
1
(x 2) (x 2 )
2
n 2
16
m
4m2
19.
(m 4) (m 5)
x
2
4
2
20.
12 g
24 g2 h
5 1 b
12ag
5
(x 4) (x 3)
(x 8)
(n 1) (n 1)
(n 1)
(n
(z 4) (z 6)
(z 6) (z 1)
1
(x 8 )
(x 8) (x 3)
x 4
x 8
(z 1) (z 5)
4)
(n
x 5
5
x
n 2
4) (n 4)
1
21.
1
x 5
(x 5) (x 2)
1
x2 25
9
y2 4
y2 1
y 1
2
y
1
(z 4 ) (z 6)
(z 6) (z 1)
(z 6) (z 5)
(z 6) (z 3)
(x 1) (x 7)
(x 7) (x 4)
(x 1) (x 7)
(x 7) (x 1)
x 5
5
x
(x 5) (x 5)
9
(x 5) 2
9
1
(y 2 ) (y 2)
(y 1) (y 1)
1
y 1
2
y
y
(x 3) (x 2)
5
x 3
5
22.
1
x2 x 12
x 3
5
x

552
(n 4)
1) (n 4)
1
1
(x 4) (x 3)
1
1
(x 4) (x 5)
1
x 3
5
x
1
(z 1 ) (z 5)
4)
(z 3) (z
1
(x 5) (x 5 )
(n
n 4
n 4
y 2
1
1
(x 4) (x 3 )
(x 8)
1
1
1
(n 1 ) (n 1 )
(n 1)
(x 4) (x 10)
1) (x 10)
(x
x x 6
5
(x 1) (x 7)
(x 7) (x 4)
(n 4)
1) (n 4)
(z 3) (z
1
(n 4 ) (n 4)
n 4
Chapter 12
1 z2
15 a b2
n 2
4
(x 8)
(x 8) (x 3)
n2 8n
x 5
x2 7x 10
2 s 1
n
9.
1 x
2t
s
3 a2 b
2gh
4 1 t
2(x 2)
8.
1 a
24g2h
15ab2
16 s t2
10 s3 t 3
18.
4m2
4) (m 5)
4
2
4wy
5xz2
5y
1 1
120 w2 x2 y3 z2
150 w x3 y2 z 4
8y
3 1 1
16st2
10s3t3
3a2b
2gh
1 1 1
3 2s
6.
12w2x2
25y2z4
8y
5.
15s2t2
12st
10y3z2
6wx3
2
n
1. Sample answer:
420 n2 r3

14.
42n2
35r3 210 n3 r3
12-3 Multiplying Rational Expressions

Page 657
Practice and Apply
1
1
(x 4 ) (x 10 )
1) (x 10)
(x
23.
x 6
x2 4x 32
x 4
2
x

24.
x 3
x 4
x2 7x
12
1
x 3
4

n2
n
8n 15
2n 10
n2
1
x 4
2
x
36.
x 6
(x 8) (x 2)
x
25.
x 6
(x 8) (x 4)
37.
x
(x 4) (x 4)
x
(x 4) 2
n
(n 5) (n 3)
1
2(n 5 )
n2

26.
b2 12b 11
b2 9
b 9
99
b2 20b
1
(b 11 ) (b 1)
(b 3) (b 3)
b 1
(b 3) (b 3)

27.
28.
a2 a 6
a2 16
a2 7a 12
a2 4a 4
2.54 centimeters
1 inch
12 inches
1 foot
(a 3) (a 2 )
(a 4) (a 4)
(a 3) (a 3)
(a 4) (a 2)
1
b 9
(b 11) (b 9)
1
40. D;
42.
165
43.
14 feet
1
1 yard
3 feet
1
1 yard
3 feet
1
18 dollars
yard2
44.
336
It will cost $336 to carpet the room.
33.
21.95 Canadian dollars

1
21.95 U.S. dollar

1.37
1 kilowatt
1000 watts
8x2z2
2y3
41. A;
4a 4
a2 a
a2
3a 3
104x3y2z3
8x2y4
a(a 1) 3(a 1)
4(a 1) a2
13xz3
y2
3a(a
s 6
s2 36
4aa
1)
4a
3(a 1)

s 6
(s 6) (s 6)
a2 25
a2 3a 10
(a 5) (a 5)
(a 2) (a 5)

a 2 0 or a 5 0
a2
a 5
Exclude the values for which s2 36 0.

or s 6 0
s60
s 6
s6
13xyz
4x2y
Page 659
1 mile
5280 feet
18 feet 3 feet 1 yard3

1 27 feet3
1
20
540 feet3 1 yard3
27 feet3
1
12 feet
1
1 hour
60 minutes 1
20 yard3
32.
60 watts
light
15 cents
1 dollar
1 kilowatt hour 100 cents
1 minute
21.82 miles/hour
31.
1
32 feet 60 seconds 60 minutes

1 hour
1 second 1 minute
1 60 60 1 mile
1 1 1 hour 165
3600 miles
165 hours
10 feet
1
1 vehicle
30 feet
60 minutes 60 seconds
16.67 m/s
30.
Sample answer: converting units of measure
3 feet
1 yard
1 hour
176
5280 feet
1 mile
25 lights h hours
91.44 cm/yd
29.
6864 vehicles 24 seconds 1 minute

1 vehicle 60 seconds
1
3
6864 24 1 1 hour 1

8
1 1 60 60
20,592
3600
(a 3) (a 4)
(a 2) (a 2)
2.54 12 3 centimeters
yard
1
60 kilometers 1000 meters
1 kilometer
1 hour
1 1000 meters 1 1
1 1 1 60 seconds
13 miles
1 lane
5.72
It will take about 5.72 hours.
38. c and e; Sample answer: The expressions each
have a GCF that can be used to simplify the
expressions.
39. Sample answer: Multiply rational expressions to
perform dimensional analysis. Answers should
2n
3)
2n
n n(n 3)
2
n(n 3)
n2 (n
3 13 176 1 vehicle
6864 vehicles
6864 vehicles are involved in the backup.
x
4) (x 3)
(x
3 lanes
1
x 3
x3 6x 9
x 3
(x 3) (x 3)

x30
x 3
1 U.S. dollar
1.37 Canadian dollars
16.02
Johanna spent about $16.02 in U.S. dollars.
34.
18 miles
3 hours
6
18 hours
1
108 miles
108 miles of streets can be cleaned.

35. 3 lanes
13 miles
1 lane
5280 feet
1 mile
1 vehicle
30 feet
553
Chapter 12
45.
xy k
(8) (9) k
72 k
xy 72
x y x y
1 1
2 2
(8)(9) (x2 )(6)
72 6x2
72
6
Check:
3.5r
3.5
712
79
54.
51.
24a3b4c7
6a6c2
g
8
52.
g
8
1 6
24a3b4c7 2
6a6 3c2
4b4c5
a3
3.375 6 3.5
3.625 3.5
Let r 2.1.
Let r 2.2.
3.5r 7.35
3.5r 7.35
3.5r 7.35
3.5(2.1) 7.35
3.5(2.2) 7.35
3.5(2.0) 7.35
9k 7
3
5
3 4
5 1
12
5
9k 7
12 1
5 9
Let r 2.0.
7.7 7.35
7 7.35
127 12
7
20p6
8p8
Check:
Let k 15 .
Let k 15 .
Let k 15 .
? 12
7 5
? 12
7 5
? 12
7 5
9k
115 2 7 125
3 4
12
5
12
5
9k
115 2 7 125
3 3
9
5
12
5
9k
115 2 7 125
3 5
15
5
12
5
55. Let m money earned and d number of days.

935 85x
m kx
340 k(4)
11 x
85 k
It will take 11 days to earn $935.
56. x2 3x 40 (x 8) (x 5)
57. n2 64 (n 8)(n 8)
58. x2 12x 36 (x 6) (x 6) or (x 6) 2
59. a2 2a 35 (a 7) (a 5)
60. 2x2 5x 3 (2x 1) (x 3)
61. 3x3 24x2 36x 3x(x2 8x 12)
3x(x 2) (x 6)
Page 659
1.
20p6
8p8 6
2
2p2
7
2
4
7 8

2 1
1
554
Practice Quiz 1
xy k
(7)(28) k
196 k
x
2
4
7
7
4
2
{g|g 6 28}
Chapter 12
7
2
7.35
3.5
12
12
4
5k|k 7 15 6
29 ? 7
6 2
8
3.2x2
3.2
50.
9k
4
9k 4
4 1
1
9
4y2
4
73 or 343
7.35 7.35
3.6y2
3.6
7129
7
2
{r|r 2.1}
8.8 x2
Thus, x 8.8 when y 3.2.
49.
Check:
48 y2
Thus, y 48 when x 4.
48.
xy k
(4.4)(6.4) k
28.16 k
xy 28.16
x1y1 x2 y2
(4.4)(6.4) x2 (3.2)
28.16 3.2x2
28.16
3.2
g
8
3.5 3.5
5.4 y2
Thus, y 5.4 when x 3.6.
47.
xy k
(8)(24) k
192 k
xy 192
x1y1 x2 y2
(8)(24) (4)(y2 )
192 4y2
192
4
Let g 27.
g
8
7
2
53. 3.5r 7.35
12 x2
46.
xy k
(8.1)(2.4) k
19.44 k
xy 19.44
x1y1 x2 y2
(8.1)(2.4) (3.6) (y2 )
19.44 3.6y2
Let g 29.
g
8
28 ? 7
6 2
8
6x2
6
19.44
3.6
Let g 28.
y
98
49
28
28
49
98
y
160
120
80
40
8642O
80
120
160
2 4 6 8x
xy 196
2.
xy k
(9) (6) k
54 k
x
2
4
6
6
4
2
3.
y
27
13.5
9
9
13.5
27
4.
y 3y2
3y 1
4a
7b
a 7
2a
a 3
7
2a
a7
6.
xy 54
3m 15
m 4
m 5
3m 15 6m 24
m5
m 4
3(m 5) 6(m 4)
m5
m 4
3(m 5 )
m 4
6m 24
2 4 6 8
7.
2x 6
x 5
y(1 3y )
(1 3y )

2(x 3 )
x 5
x
8.
k 3
k2 4k 4
2k 6
k 2
3m2
2m
k 3
5a 10
10x2
(3n 1 ) (n 2)
(3n 1 ) (n 4)
k 3
(k 2) (k 2 )
n 2
4
2(k 2)
4n 8
n2 25
18 m m
9m
9.
2x 4
x2 11x 18
4x3

10.
x2 x 6
x2 9
5(a 2)
2x2 5
2x
9
4(n 2)
(n 5) (n 5)
4
5(n 5)
x2 7x 12
x2 4x 4

x2 5x 6
x1
2(x 2)
(x 2) (x 3)

(x 9) (x 2)
x1
2(x 2)
(x 9) (x 2 )
2(x 2) (x 3)
(x 9) (x 1)
x1
2x 4
x2 5x 6 x2 11x 18
a2 11a 18
n 5
10
k 2
2(k 3 )
5n
3mm
2m
k 2
2(k 3)
2x2 2x
(a 9) (a 2)
a
9.
k 2
k2 4k 4 2k 6
3m2
8.
k 3
(k 2) (k 2)
18m2
9m
1
3
n
7.
x
2
5
b 1
9
3n2 5n 2
3n2 13n 4
6(m 4 )
m 5
2x 6
1

x 5 x 3
2(x 3)
1
x 3
x 5
(x 3)
b
6.
18
(b 4 ) (b 1)
(b 9) (b 4 )
a 3
7
1
y
b2 3b 4
b2 13b 36
2a
a 3 a 3a
a 3a
40
60
80
(7a ) (4a)
(7a ) (7b)
2a
a 3
8642O
28a2
49ab

5.
80
60
40
20
5.
n 5
2)
5(n
(x 3) (x 2)
(x 3) (x 3)
x 4
x 2
10.
85 kilometers
1 hour
(x 4) (x 3)
2) (x 2)
(x

1000 meters
1 kilometer
1 hour
(x 2 ) (x 3)
x 1
1 minute
60 minutes 60 seconds
(85 kilometers) (1000 meters) (1 hour) (1minute)

(1 hour) (1 kilometer) (60 minutes) (60 seconds)
85 1000 meters 1 1
1 1 60 60 seconds
85,000 meters
3600 seconds
23.61 m/s
11.
12-4 Dividing Rational Expressions
32 pounds
1 square foot
Page 662
15z
4y2
32 pounds
3x
4y
9 pound/square inch
2. Sometimes; Sample answer: 0 has no reciprocal.

3. Sample answer: Divide the density by the given
volume, then perform dimensional analysis.
4.
10n3
7
5n2
21
10n3
7
10n
7
2n
(32 pounds) (1 square foot)

(1 square foot) (144 square inches)
144 square inches
1. Sample answer:
1 square foot
144 square inches
12. There are 32 ounces in a quart,

The pan can hold 2.32 64 ounces.
21
5n2
3
21
5n2
If the pan is
candy in it.
2
3
128
3
3
4
128
3
full, there are 64 3

4
512
9
128
3
ounces of
57
Latisha will make about 57 pieces of candy.
6n
555
Chapter 12
Pages 662664
13.
a2
b2
a
b3

a2
b2
a
2
a
b2
b3
a
14.
n4
p2
n2
p3
b
3
8x2
y2
4x
y4
y2
n4
p2
y2
8x2
16.
10m2
7n2
25m4
14n3
1
2
17.

a4bc3
g2h2
ab2c2
g3h2
19.
b2 9
4b
10m2
7n2
2
10m
7n2
1
x2y3z
s2t2
2n
14n
27.
25m4
a4bc3
g2h2
a bc
g 2h2
1 mi
60 s
5280 ft 1 min
60 min
1h
1
(330 ft ) (1 mi) (60 s ) (60 min )

(1s ) (5280 ft ) (1 min ) (1 h)
1,188,000 mi
5280 h
220 mi/h
1
28.
z2
330 ft
1s
cm3
s t
x2yz3
y2s
z2
1m
1m
1m
1
(0.35 m3 ) (100 cm) (100 cm) (100 cm)
1 m3
5m2
s
3 2
x y z
s2t2
100 cm 100 cm 100 cm

m3

350,000
s3t2
x2yz3
y2
2 3
1730 plants
1 km2
km
km
1000 m 1000 m
a3c
4 3
1
3
g3h2
ab2c2
0.00173 plants/m2
g
3 2
29.
g h
ab2c2
2x 6
x 5
x
2
5
2x 6
x 5
2 (x 3)
x 5

(b 3) (b 3 )
4b
30.
1
b 3
m 8
m 7
5d
d 3
m 8
m 8
1
m 8
23.
3x 12
4x 18
2x 8
x 4
(m 4 ) (m 4)
5m

31.
x2 2x 1
2
x 1
1
x
m 4
d

(x 1) (x 1 )
2
(x 1(x 1)
2
32.
n2 3n 2
4
n 1
n 2
1
1
33.
3(x 4 )
9)
a2 8a 16
a2 6a 9
x 4
4)
2(x
2a 4
a 4
4a 8
2
a 4
2 (a 2 )
34.
(n 2) 2
4
n 2
1
n
a2 8a 16 3a

a2 6a 9 2a
(a 4) (a 4) 3(a

(a 3) (a 3) 2(a
(a 4 ) (a 4)
(a 3 ) (a 3)
3(a 4)
2(a 3)
9
8
3)
4)
1
b 2
b2 4b 4
2b 4
b 4
b 2
3(a 3 )
4)
2(a
b 4
b2 4b 4 2b 4
1
a 4
3
a
Chapter 12
(n 2) (n 1 )
4
a 4
2a 6 2a 4
4 (a 2 )
2(a 3)
3(x 4)
9)
4a 8
2a 6
n2 3n 2 n 2
n 1
4
(n 2) (n 1) n 2
n 1
4
2a 8
9
3a
4(x
24.
x 1
1
x
3x 12 x 4

18 2x 8
3(x 4)
x 4

2(x 9) 2(x 4)
2(x
1
(m 7) (m 1)
x2 2x 1 x 1
x 1
2
(x 1) (x 1) x 1
x 1
2
4x
5d
(d 3) (d 1)
m 7 (m 8 ) (m 1)
5d
3
m 7 (m 8) (m 1)
m2 16
1
m 4
5m
(m 4) (m 4)
1
m 4
5m
(d 1) d
m2 7m 8 m 7 m2 7m 8
1
b 3
m 4
5m
3k
1

k 1 k 2
3k
(k 1) (k 2)
(k 2)
x 5
2
x3
b 3
4b
(m 4)

22.
b2 9
1
b 3
4b
(b 3) (b 3)
4b
3k
k 1
x 5
2
a cg
b
21.
1730 plants
(b 3)
m2 16
5m
(1730 plants) (1 km ) (1 km )
(1 km2 ) (1000 m) (1000 m)
1,000,000 m2
20.
ft3
14n3
25m4
4n
5m2
18.

x2yz3
s3t2
26. 0.35
(24 yd ) (3 ft) (3 ft) (3 ft)

1 yd3
648
8x2
3 ft
p
3
n2
n2p
2y2
x2y3z
s2t2
n
p2
3 ft
25. 24 yd3 1 yd 1 yd 1 yd
p3
n2
4x3
y4
3 ft
b
a
ab
4x3
y4
15.
Practice and Apply
556
b 2
(b 2) (b 2)
b 4
2(b 2) 2
b 4
2(b 2 )
1
35.
x2 x 2
x2 5x 6
x2 2x 3
12
x2 7x
x2 x 2 x2 7x 12

6 x2 2x 3
(x 2) (x 1) (x 4) (x 3)

(x 3) (x 2) (x 3) (x 1)
(x 2 ) (x 1 )
(x 3) (x 2 )
x 4
x 3
36.
x2 2x 15
x2 x 30
x2 3x 18
x2 2x 24
45. Sample answer: Divide the number of cans

5
recycled by 8 to find the total number of cans
produced.
x2 5x
(x 4) (x 3 )
(x 3 ) (x 1 )
1
46. B;
x2 2x 15 x2 2x 24

x2 x 30 x2 3x 18
(x 5) (x 3) (x 6) (x 4)

(x 6) (x 5) (x 6) (x 3)
(x 5 ) (x 3)
(x 6 ) (x 5 )
60 minutes
1 hour
V
18b
15c
3b
5c
3b
5c
18b
(x 6 ) (x 4)
(x 6) (x 3)
15c
6
A /w
x2 4
x2 4
x 1
x2 x 2
1
(x 2) (x 2)
x 1
(x 2) (x 1)
1
(x 2) (x 2)
x 1
(x 2) (x 1)
1
60
6.5 9.2
1 yd3
Page 664
39. An equation that represents the number of truck

loads.
48.
15 ft (18 ft2 15 ft) 9 ft 271 ydft 2

742.5 ft
1 yd
20,000 yd3 1 1 27 ft 2
742.5 yd
20,000 yd3 1 27 2
x 2
1
49.
x2 3x 10
x2 8x 15
x 5
(x 5 ) (x 2)
x2 5x 6
4
rev
30 in.
1 rev
x 4
4y
2y
2y x
2xy
(x 5) (x 2)
(x 5) (x 3)
(x 5 ) (x 2)
(x 5 ) (x 3 )
(x 3) (x 2)
2)
(x 2) (x
1
(x 3 ) (x 2 )
2)
(x 2) (x
x 4
4y
1
x 4
4y
16y
(x 4 ) (x 3)
16y
1 hr
60 min
x
(12) (5280) (55)

(26) (60)
1 ft
51.
x2 8x 15
x y
7x 14y
x 3
1 mi
12 in. 5280 ft 63.5 mph
52.
c 6
c2 12c 36
2y x
2xy
x 2y
.
x2 4y2
1
21
43. Volume of new block x x 2 x 4
(10 85 pounds)
3)
4
3
(x 5) (x 3)
x y
(x 5) (x 3 )
(x y)
7(x 2y)
x 3
7(x 2y)
x 3
7(x 2y) (x 5)

x y
c 6
(c 6) (c 6)
c 6
(c 6 ) (c 6)
is not equivalent to
44. Weight of original block
16y
(x 4) (x
2y 2xy 2xy
x2 7x 12
42. d; Sample answer:

1
x
55 mi
1 hr
60 min
1h
x 2
1
x 2
2
50.
x
711 rpm
41. 1 revolution circumference d 30
711min
x 2
1
27.5 yd3
5280 ft
1 mi
x2 4x
It will take 727.27 truck loads.

40. 1 revolution circumference d 26.
12 in.
1 ft
w
x 5
(x 5) (x 2)
1
727.27
1 rev
26 in.
w
20,000 yd3 27.5 yd3

w
20,000 yd3
1
20,000
27.5
w
x 5
x2 7x 10
x2 x 2
x 1
x2w
9 ft 27 ft3
15c
18b
47. C;
(x 3) (x 4)
(x 6) (x 3)
n 20,000 yd3
1 pound
6 or 2
Jorge should ride at 9.2 miles per hour.

38. There are 27 cubic feet in 1 cubic yard.
d(a b)
w
2
5 ft(18 ft 15 ft)
2
3b
5c
37. Convert minutes per mile into miles per hour.

1 mile
6.5 minutes
x 63,900,000 cans 8 33 cans
c
53.
25 x2
x2 x 30
1
6
1(x 5) (x 5)
(x 6) (x 5)
1(x 5) (x 5 )
(x 6) (x 5 )
x 5
x 6
1x 12 21x 34 2 (x)
x3
557
Chapter 12
54.
a 3
a2 4a 3
a 3
(a 3) (a 1)
a 3
(a 3 ) (a 1)
61. The degree of z3 2z2 3z 4 is 3, since 3 is the

greatest sum of a terms exponents.
62. The degree of a5b2c3 6a3b3c2 is 10, since 10 is
the greatest sum of a terms exponents.
6 0.8 g
63.
a1
55.
n2 16
n2 8n 16
(n 4) (n 4)
(n 4) (n 4)
(n 4 ) (n 4)
(n 4 ) (n 4)
6
0.8
n 4
4
n
56. 3y2 147
y2 49
y 7
{7}
Check:
15b
15
3(7) 2 147
3(49) 147
147 147
3(7) 2 147
3(49) 147
147 147
57.
9x2 24x 16
9x2 24x 16 0
(3x 4)(3x 4) 0
3x 4 0
3x 4
56
x
Check:
9
1
5b|b 7 6
Check:
1 2
1
12
24 4
1 3
0.049
0.07
15b 6 28
15b 6 28
1 2 6 28
28
15
15
1 2 6 28
29
15
15
29 6 28
12715 2 6 28
27 28
0.07x
0.07
0.049 0.07(0.6)
0.049 0.042
66.
3
h
7
7
3
3
49
3 7
49 3
1
7
1
7
5h|h 6 6
Check:
Let h 7.
3
h
7
3
49
1 2 6 493
3 1
7 7
3
49
2 ?
[ (6 114) 6] 14
?
(6 3.742 6) 2 14
14.003 14
?
is 0, since there are no
558
0.049 0.07(0.8)
0.049 0.056
137h21 2 6 1 21 2
6
h 6
[ (6 114) 6] 2 14
?
(6 3.742 6) 2 14
14.003 14
Chapter 12
15b 6 28
0.049 0.07(0.7)
0.049 0.049
Let x 0.6.
Let x 0.8.
0.049 0.07x
0.049 0.07x
16
1
8
27
Let b 15 .
0.7 x
{x|x 0.7}
Let x 0.7.
Check:
0.049 0.07x
(15) 2 225 30(15)

?
225 225 450
450 450
60. The degree of 13

exponents.
29
Let b 15 .
28 28
59. (n 6) 2 14
n 6 114
n 6 114
{6 114}
Check:
28
65. 0.049 0.07x
16 32 16
16 16
58.
a2 225 30a
a2 30a 225 0
(a 15) (a 15) 0
a 15 0
a 15
{15}
Check:
Let g 7.
6 0.8 g
?
6 0.8(7)
6 5.6
Let b 15 .
15
4
3
Let g 8.
6 0.8 g
?
6 0.8(8)
6 6.4
28
15
28
15
28
15
b 7
143 22 24143 2 16
9 16
1 9
0.8 g
0.8
7.5 g
{g|g 7.5}
Let g 7.5.
Check:
6 0.8 g
?
6 0.8(7.5)
66
64. 15b 6 28
4
3
49
Let h 7.
3
7
h 6
3
49
1 2 6 493
3 2
7 7
6
49
49
Let h 8.
3
7
h 6
3
49
1 2 6 493
3 1
7 8
3
56
3
49
67.
12r
4
3
20
70.
12r
4
3r 7
3r
3
3
20
3
20
3
20
6x2
x4
6 x2
x 2 x2
1

72.
3
1
r 6 20
18a3
45a5
12
4
1
Let
12r
4
1
20
4
1
12 20
4
12
1
4
1
74.
7
?
3
20
29aaa
1
73.
b6c3
b3c6
3
20
4
3
20
4
1
1181 2 7 1220
?
12
12
Let r 22.
12r
4
1
22
4
12 22
4
12
1
1bb 21cc 2
6
75.
7x4z2
z3
b3
c3
7(x4 )
7(x
1zz 2
2
3
4 ) (z23 )
7(x4 ) (z 1 )
7x4
z
7
?
7
?
7.
3x 6
9
9.
5x2 25x
10x
3
20

3
20
3
20
Reading Mathematics
4
1
10.
1221 2 7 1220
3(x 2)
9
x 2
3
4n 12
8

4(n 3)
8
n 3
2
12
8.
5x(x 5)
10x
x 5
2
x 3
x 3
(x 4) (x 3)
x2 7x 12
x 3
(x 4) (x 3 )
1
12
22
20
1
4
x y
(x y) (x y)
x y
(x y) (x y )
1
x y
x
1 2 12 61
11.
x y
x2 2xy y2
y3
{y|y 3}
Check:
Let y 3.
y
6
1. Sample answer: the quantity m plus two, divided

by 4
2. Sample answer: three x divided by the quantity x
minus 1,
3. Sample answer: the quantity a plus 2 divided by
the quantity a squared plus 8
4. Sample answer: the quantity x squared minus 25
divided by the quantity x plus 5
5. Sample answer: the quantity x squared minus 3 x
plus 18 divided by the quantity x minus 2
6. Sample answer: the quantity x squared plus 2 x
minus 35 divided by the quantity x squared
minus x minus 20
18 7 20
4
1
11228 21xx 21yy 2

3
1 7 2 (x34 ) (y21 )
3
1 7 2 (x1 ) (y)
Page 665
7x
4
1
m3
5
12 18
12
12x3y2
28x4y
5mmmm
55m
(b63 ) (c36 )
(b3 ) (c3 )
3y
12
12
20
20
1
r 18.
12r
3
7 20
4
1
12 18 ?
3
7 20
4
12
1
y
6
6 y
1 6
59aaaaa
3
20
1201 2 7 1220
68.
6
x2
Let r 20.
5m4
25m
5a2
5r|r 6 201 6
Check:
71.
3 ? 1
2
6
1
1
2
2
Let y 4.
Let y 2.
y
6
y
6
4 ? 1
2
6
2
1
2
3
12.
x2 16
x2 8x 16
(x 4) (x 4)
(x 4) (x 4)
(x 4 ) (x 4)
(x 4 ) (x 4)
2 ? 1
2
6
1
1
2
3
x 4
4
x
69. Multiply 3250 by 12.

3250 covers
1 month
12 months 39,000 covers
559
Chapter 12
12-5
Dividing Polynomials
Page 667
Algebra Activity
x2
1. (x2 3x 4) (x 1)
Step 1:
x2
Step 3:
x2
1 1
x 3
x x
x
x
x
1 1
Step 2:
1
1
1
1
1
1
x1
The width of the array, x 3, is the quotient.
3. (x2 16) (x 4)
x2
Step 1:
1
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
x2
1 1 1 1 1
Step 2:
Step 3:
x1
x4
x4
x2
x
x
x
x
x
1
1
1
1
x2
1 1 1 1

2. (x2 5x 6) (x 2)
Step 1:
x2
Step 3:
x4
x x x x x
x4
Step 2:
x x x x
x
x
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
x
x
x2
x2
x2
x x

4. (2x2 4x 6) (x 3)
Step 1:
x2
x2
x x x x
1 1 1
1 1 1
Chapter 12
560
Step 2:
5.
14a2b2 35ab2 2a2

7a2b2
14a2b2
7a2b2
14a2b2
7a2b2
35ab2
7a2b2
35ab2
7a2b2
x3
2
1 1 1
x3
x x x
x2
x x x
x
x
1 1 1
1 1 1
The quotient is r 3 r
8. 2m
The width of the array, 2x 2, is the quotient.

5. You cannot do it. There is a remainder.
Page 669
2x 3
b. x 32x2 9x 9
()2x2 6x
3x 9
()3x 9
0
x3
c. 2x 32x2 9x 9
()2x2 3x
6x 9
()6x 9
0
x6
d. 2x 32x2 9x 9
()2x2 3x
12x 9
()12x 18
27
2m2 3m 7
0m2 5m 21
6m2
6m2 5m
() 6m2 9m
14m 21
()14m 21
0
34m3
()4m3
The quotient is b 2 2b 1.
10. Let p 0.75.
C
120,000(0.75)
1 0.75
360,000
The company will have to pay $360,000.
Pages 669671
Practice and Apply
11. (x 9x 7) 3x
x2 9x 7
3x
x2
9x
7

3x
3x
3x
x
7
3 3x
3
Therefore, b and c are the divisors that give a

remainder of 0.
2. Sample answer: A remainder of zero means that
the divisor is a factor of the dividend.
12. (a2 7a 28) 7a
3. Sample answer: x3 2x2 8; x3 2x2 0x 8
4. (4x3 2x2 5) 2x

4x3 2x2 5
2x
4x3
2x2
5

2x
2x
2x
2x2
4x 3
2x
1

13.
2x2
2x
1
9
.
9
The quotient is 2m2 3m 7.

b2
9. 2b 12b2 3b 5
()2b2 b
4b 5
()4b 2
3
1. Test each divisor to see which divisors give a

remainder of 0.
2x 15
a. x 32x2 9x 9
()2x2 6x
15x 9
()15x 45
54
7b2
2
7b2
r3
7. r 9r2 12r 36
()r2 9r
3r 36
() 3r 27
9
Step 3:
2x 2
5
a
2a2
7a 2b2
n4
6. n 3n2 7n 12
()n2 3n
4n 12
() 4n 12
0
The quotient is n 4.
x2
x2
x2
2a2
7a2b2
2x
9s3t2 15s2t 24t3

3s2t2
15s2t
3s2t2
3s2t2
15s2t
3s2t2
9s3t2
3s2t2
a2 7a 28
7a
a2
7a
28
7a 7a
7a
a
4
1a
7
9s3t2
2x2 x 2x
3
561
5
t
24t3
3s2t2
8t
24t3
3s2t2
s2
8t
s2
Chapter 12
14.
12a3b 16ab3 8ab

4ab
12a3b
4ab
12a3b
4ab
16ab3
4ab
16ab3
4ab
3a2
4b2
6n 3
24. 2n 512n2 36n 15
()12n2 30n
6n 15
()6n 15
0
The quotient is 6n 3.
8ab
4ab
2
8ab
4ab
1
3a2 4b2 2
x8
x4
15. x 5x2 9x 20
16. x 2x2 6x 16
()x2 5x
()x2 2x
4x 20
8x 16
()4x 20
()8x 16
0
0
The quotient is x 4.
The quotient is x 8.
s2
n7
17. n 5n2 2n 35
18. s 9s2 11s 18
()n2 5n
()s2 9s
7n 35
2s 18
()7n 35
()2s 18
0
0
The quotient is n 7.
The quotient is s 2.
3x2 2x 3
25. x 2
8x2 x 7
() 3x 6x2
2x2 x
() 2x2 4x
3x 7
() 3x 6
1
3x3
3
The quotient is 3x2 2x 3 x

5b2 3b 1
26. 4b
27b2 13b 3
15b2
12b2 13b
() 12b2 9b
4b 3
() 4b 3
0
The quotient is 5b2 3b 1.
3 20b3
() 20b3
z9
19. z 7z2 2z 30
()z2 7z
9z 30
()9z 63
33
33
3x2
27. 2x 36x3 9x2 0x 6
() 6x3 9x2
6
The quotient is z 9 z 7.
a7
20. a 3a2 4a 22
()a2 3a
7a 22
()7a 21
1
The quotient is a 7 a
The quotient is 3x2 2x 3.

3g2 2g
28. 3g
0g2 5g
() 9g 6g2
6g2 5g
() 6g2 4g
9g
() 9g
29g3
3
1
.
3
2r 7
21. r 52r2 3r 35
()2r2 10r
7r 35
()7r 35
0
3
8
8
6
2
The quotient is 3g2 2g 3 3g
The quotient is 2r 7.
3p 2
22. p 63p2 20p 11
()3p2 18p
2p 11
()2p 12
1
29. 2n
The quotient is 3p 2 p 6.
3n2 2n 3
5n2 0n 12
9n2
4n2 0n
() 4n2 6n
6n 12
() 6n 9
3
t2 4t 1
30. 4t
17t2 0t 1
t2
16t2 0t
() 16t2 4t
4t 1
() 4t 1
0
The quotient is t2 4t 1.
14t3
() 4t3
562
2
.
2
36n3
() 6n3
The quotient is 3n2 2n 3 2n
t6
23. 3t 43t2 14t 24
()3t2 4t
18t 24
()18t 24
0
The quotient is t 6.
Chapter 12
1
.
2
3
.
3
31. Let W 150 and L 60.
210(72 20)
20
546
He could lift a 546-lb rock.
33. Perimeter of bedroom 14(12) 12(12) 14(12)
12(12) 34.5 34.5
42 42
471 inches
Convert 471 inches into yards and divide by 5.
5 yd
roll
64
10w3 23w2 5w 2
2w 1
64C
d2
15w2
35. Size
10-inch
Price
$4.99
Number of slices
5
Cost per slice
$1.02
$4.99
(10) 2
64
$12.99
1(18)
64 2
2
$1.02
14-inch
$8.99
10
$0.93
14-inch:
$0.82
18-inch
$12.99
16
$0.82
$8.99
1(14)
64 2
2
mass
volume
Concrete
Lead
Brass
Blood
B
9w
2w 110w3 23w2 5w
() 10w3 5w2
18w2 5w
() 18w2 9w
4w
() 4w
2
2
2
2
0
Area of the base: 5w2 9w 2
$0.93
The area of a triangle is equal to 2bh.

1
5w2 9w 2 2 b(5w 1)
1
2(5w2 9w 2) 2 2 b(5w 1)
The 18-inch pizza offers the best price per slice.

36.
Iron
10w3 23w2 5w 2 B(2w 1)

(10w3 23w2 5w 2) B(2w 1)
s C d2
18-inch:
6
4
38. The densities are clustered around 9.

39. Find the area of the base using the formula
V Bh.
1d64 2
10-inch:
Aluminum
2.62
Therefore, Anoki needs to buy 3 rolls of border.

C
34. s
2
s
10
2
0
1 yd
471 in. 36 in.
12
Copper
Steel
W(L x)
x
Density (g/cm3)
32. Let W 210 pounds, L 6 12 72 inches, and

x 20 inches.
20
18
16
14
Silver
37.
150(60 x)
x
Gold
W(L x)
x
10w2 18w 4
5w 1
density
b
2w
5w 110w2 18w
() 10w2 2w
20w
() 20w
4.15
Al 1.54 2.69 g/cm3
2.32
gold 0.12 19.33 g/cm3
6.30
silver 0.60 10.5 g/cm3
7.80
steel 1 7.8 g/cm3
15.20
iron 1.95 7.79 g/cm3
2.48
copper 0.28 8.86 g/cm3
4.35
blood 4.10 1.06 g/cm3
11.30
lead 1 11.3 g/cm3
17.90
brass 2.08 8.61 g/cm3
40
concrete 20 2 g/cm3
4
4
4
4
0
The base is 2w 4.
40.
x2 7x 12
x k
(x 4) (x 3)
(x k)
In order for the quotient to have no remainder, k

must be either 3 or 4.
41.
563
x5
x 2x2 7x k
() x2 2x
5x k
() 5x 10
k 10 2
In order for the quotient to have a remainder of 2,
k 10 2. The value of k is 12.
Chapter 12
x9
x 7x2 2x k
() x2 7x
9x k
() 9x 63
k 63 0
In order for the quotient to have a remainder of 0,
k 63 0. The value of k is 63.
43. Sample answer: Division can be used to find the
number of pieces of fabric available when you
divide a large piece of fabric into smaller pieces.
The two expressions are equivalent. If you use
the Distributive Property, you can separate
the numerator into two expressions with the
same denominator.
When you simplify the right side of the
equation, the numerator is a b and the
denominator is c. This is the same as the
expression on the left.
44. D; A w
m2 4m 32 (m 4)
m8
m 4m2 4m 32
() m2 4m
8m 32
() 8m 32
0
51. 172 132 262 2 242 2

612 412
(6 4) 12
1012
52. 112 118 148 222 3 232 2 242 3
x2 3x 14
45. B; x
0x2 5x 20
() x 3x2
3x2 5x
() 3x2 9x
14x 20
() 14x 42
22
58. (3x2 4xy 2y2 ) (x2 9xy 4y2 )

(3x2 x2 ) (4xy 9xy) (2y2 4y2 )
4x2 13xy 2y2
42.
213 312 413

(2 4) 13 312
613 312
53. d2 3d 40 d2 8d 5d 40
(d2 8d) (5d 40)
d(d 8) 5(d 8)
(d 8) (d 5)
54. x2 8x 16 x2 4x 4x 16
(x2 4x) (4x 16)
x(x 4) 4(x 4)
(x 4) 2
55. This polynomial is prime since t2 t 1 cannot
be factored.
56. Solve for x.
6x 11 150
6x 139
x 23 boxes
The greatest number of cards Mr. Martinez can
have printed is 23 100 or 2300 cards.
57. (6n2 6n 10m3 ) (5n 6m3 )
[10m3 (6m3 ) ] 6n2 [ 6n 5n ]
4m3 6n2 n
3x3
3
59. (a3 b3 ) (3a3 2a2b b2 2b3 )

[ a3 (3a3 ) ] 2a2b b2 [b3 (2b3 ) ]
2a3 2a2b b2 3b3
60. (2g3 6h) (4g2 8h) 2g3 4g2 [ 6h (8h) ]
The quotient is x2 3x 14
Page 671
46.
x 5x 6
x2 x 12
2g3 4g2 2h
22
.
x 3

x 2
20
x2 x
x 5x 6
12
x2 x
1
x x 20
x 2
(x 3 ) (x 2 )
(x 4 ) (x 3 )
Page 674
(x 5) (x 4)
x 2
m2 m 6
m 2 8m 15
m2 m 2
m 2 9m 20
m2 m 6
m 2 8m 15
(m 3 ) (m 2 )
(m 5 ) (m 3 )
m 4
m 1
b2 19b 84
b 3
(m 5 ) (m 4 )
2 ) (m 1 )
(m
b2 9
b2 15b 36
(b 12 ) (b 7)
b 3
1
(b 3 ) (b 3 )
(b 12 ) (b 3 )
1
b7
49.
z2 16z 39
z2 9z 18
z 5
z2 18z 65
(z 13 ) (z 3 )
(z 6) (z 3 )
1
z 5
(z 5 ) (z 13 )
1
5.
z6
a 2
4
a 2
4

50. 317 17 (3 1) 17
217
Chapter 12
x 6
x 2
x 4
2
x
1.
2. Sample answer: When you add rational

expressions with like denominators, you combine
the numerators and keep the common
denominator. This is the same process as adding
fractions with like denominators.
3. Sample answer: Two rational expressions whose
sum is 0 are additive inverses, while two rational
expressions whose difference is 0 are equivalent
expressions.
4. Russell; sample answer: Ginger factored
incorrectly in the next-to-last step of her work.
m 2 9m 20
m2 m 2
48.
1. Sample answer:
x5
47.
Rational Expressions with Like

Denominators
12-6
564
a 2 a 2
4
2a
4
a
2
6.
3x
x 1
x
3
1

3x 3
x 1
3(x 1)
x 1
23.
3
7.
8.
9.
11.
12.
2 n
n 1
24.
2 n 1

n1
3 n
n1
4t 1
2t 3
4t 1 2t 3
1 4t
1 4t
1 4t
6t 2
1 4t
5a
7a
5a 7a
7
4
12 12
10. n 3 n 3
12
2a
12
a
6
3m
6
3m
6
2 m m 2 (m 2)
m 2
3m
6
m2m2
3m 6
m2
2
x
x y
1
n 1
x
y
y

25.
26.

7 4
n 3
3
n 3
27.
x y
x y
(x y) (x y)
(x y)

Pages 675676
14.
m
3
2m
3

45 29 10 12
960
96
960
1
10
15.
12z
7
5z
7

m
x 3
5
x 2
5

17.
n 7
2
n 5
2
a 5
6
18.
6
y 3

2y 6
y 3
2(y 3)
y 3
19.
3r
r 5
2
20.
k 5
k 1
k1
32.
21.
22.
4x 5
x 2
1
n 3

x 3
x 2

a 3
6
2
x 7
5
x 7
33.
4
z 2
34.
5
3x 5
r
15
5

4n 2n
3
2n
3
(a 5) (a 3)
6
a 5 a 3
6
2
6
1
3
2

2
x
7
x
x
7
5
7
x
5
7
6
z 2
4
6
z2z2
10
z2
3x
5 3x
3x 5
3x 5
(3x 5)
3x 5
1
3r 15
r 5
3(r 5)
r 5
35.
36.
3
k 5 4
k 1
k 1
k 1
3x
7
1
n 2
n 3
n1
2y
y 3
11x 5 11x 12
2x 5
22x 7
2x 5
31.
5x
7
n 7 n 5
2
2n 2
2
2(n 1)
2
30.
x 3 x 2
5
2x 5
5
11x 12
2x 5
12z (5z)
7
12z 5z
7
7z
7
z
16.
11x 5
2x 5
5x 3x
4n
2n
29. 3 3
7
2x
7
x 4
x 2
(x 4) (x 2)
5
5
5
x 4 x 2

5
2
5
28.
Practice and Apply
m 2m
3
3m
3
2a 3 a 2
a 4
3a 1
a4
5s 1
3s 2
5s 1 3s 2
2s 1
2s 1
2s 1
8s 1
2s 1
9b 3
5b 4
9b 3 5b 4
2b 6
2b 6
2b 6
14b 7
2b 6
12x 7
9x 5
12x 7
9x 5
2 3x 3x 2 (3x 2)
3x 2
12x 7
9x 5
3x 2 3x 2
(12x 7) (9x 5)

3x 2
12x 7 9x 5

3x 2
3x 2
3x 2
xy
13.
a 2
4
a
1
number of students absent

total number of students
2a 3
a 4
37.
n 2 (1)
n 3
n 3
n 3
4x 5 x 3
x 2
5x 2
x 2
565
4
7m
4 7m
7m 2 7m 2
7m 2
2x
2x
2x
2x
2 x x 2 (x 2)
x 2
2x
2x
x2x2
4x
x2
5y
5y
5y
5y
3 y y 3 (y 3)
y 3
5y
5y
y3y3
5y 5y
y3
10y
y3
Chapter 12
38.
8
3t 4
3t
6t
4
8 6t
4
2(3t 4)
3t 4
47. For figure a:
3t
area
x2
16
2
39.
3
1
15x
5x 1
5x
15x
3
5x 1
1
15x 3
5x 1
3(5x 1)
5x 1
perimeter x
5x

40.
ratio
41.
b 15
2b 12
For figure b:
10a
2a
10a
2a
10a
area
x2
perimeter x
ratio
x
x
18
For figure c:
x2
perimeter x
x
x
24
180
3n
60
n
48. Figure a has the greatest ratio since it has the

smallest number in the denominator.
49. Put the numbers in the same form.
a.
b.
area of one wall area of trapezoid area of triangle

area of one wall
1
1
(25 10) 2 (10)(20 5) 2 (15)(10)
25 10
250 125 75
250
50
1
or 5
250
2 1
45. There are 2 points in a quart and 4 quarts in a

gallon.
1 ft3
7.48 gal
12(1 qt) 4(1 pt) 121 ptqt 22 14gal

qt
3
1 ft
7.48 gal (2 qt 2 qt)

3
1 ft
k 2
1 gal
4 qt
3
2
3
x 2
d. x
3
2
3
7
k 2 3
k 7
k 1
k 7
5r
52. B; perimeter of rectangle ABCD 2 1 2r 9r
2 1 2r 6s 2
6s 2
1gal
r
7.48 ft3
7.48 ft3 8.3 lb
Chapter 12
c. 2 x x
62.4 lb
ft3
3
2
3
x 2
x
51. A; k 7 k
7.48 gal (4 qt ) 4 qt
46.
3
2 x
3
x 2
Number c is not equivalent to the others.

50. Sample answer: Since any rational number can be
expressed as a fraction, values on graphs can be
written as rational expressions for clarification.
The numbers in the graphic are percents that
can be written as rational expressions with a
denominator of 100.
To add the rational expressions, factor 1 out
of either denominator so that it is like the
other.
fraction of walls painted red
124x 2
2
44. The area of a trapezoid is equal to 2h(b b )

1
2
1
and the area of a triangle is 2bh.
1 x x
2 4 3
24
The fraction of the trees that could be planted on

60
Monday, Tuesday, and Saturday is n .
1 21 2
1 21 2
1 3x 4x
12 12
area 2
ratio
118x 2
2
8,695
269,817
140 20 20
n 2n
13x 216x 2
18
42. 80 years or older: 8,634,000 61,000

total population: 77,525,000 79,112,000
68,699,000 35,786,000
8,634,000 61,000
43.
16
12
6a
(2a 6)
6
12
6a

2a 6
6
12 6a

2a 6
16a 12
2a 6
2(8a 6)
2(a 3)
8a 6
a3
3b 8
(b 15) (3b 8)

2b 12
2b 12
b 15 3b 8

2b 12
4b 23
2b 12
6a
6 2a
116x 2
2
3
10a 12
2a 6
14x 22
r
9r 5r
r 3s
r
566
9r
3s
14r
3s
5r
3s
Page 677
66.
x2 2x 3
53. x 2x3 0x2 7x 6
() x3 2x2
2x2 7x
() 2x2 4x
3x 6
() 3x 6
0
The quotient is x2 2x 3.
68.
69.
8x2
9
54. 7x 456x3 32x2 63x 36
() 56x3 32x2
63x 36
() 63x 36
0
70.
71.
The quotient is 8x2 9.

55.
b2 9
4b
(b 3)
b2 9
4b
b 3
1
56.
x
x 2
(b 3) (b 3 )
4b
b 3
4b
x2
x2 5x 6
b
x2 5x 6

x2
Page 677
x
x 2
x
1
3
67.
45 3 3 5
55
10 2 5
6 23
6 23
15 3 5
LCM 2 3 3 5 90
LCM 2 3 5 30
8 222
9 33
12 2 2 3
LCM 2 2 2 3 3 72
16 2 2 2 2
20 2 2 5
25 5 5
LCM 2 2 2 2 5 5 400
36 2 2 3 3
48 2 2 2 2 3
60 2 2 3 5
LCM 2 2 2 2 3 3 5 720
9 33
16 2 2 2 2
24 2 2 2 3
LCM 2 2 2 2 3 3 144
1.
x
2
1
a
a 3
Practice Quiz 2
a 11
a 3
a 3
a 3
a 3 a 11
1
(x 3) (x 2 )
x2
a 3 a 11
x 3
x
a 11
57. a2 9a 14 a2 7a 2a 14
a(a 7) 2(a 7)
(a 2)(a 7)
2.
4z 8
z 3
4z 8
1

z 3 z 2
4(z 2)
1
z 2
z 3
4(z 2 )
z 3
(z 2)
58. p2 p 30 p2 6p 5p 30
p( p 6) 5( p 6)
( p 5)( p 6)
3.
(2x 1) (x 2)
(x 2) (x 3)
(2x 1) (x 5)
(x 3) (x 1)
(2x 1 ) (x 2 )
(x 2 ) (x 3 )
(x 3) (x 1)
1) (x 5)
(2x
(x 3 ) (x 1)
1 ) (x 5)
(2x
x 1
5
(4x 9x) 7
4. (9xy2 15xy 3) 3xy
61. (5x2 6x 14) (2x2 3x 8)

(5x2 2x2 ) (6x 3x) (14 8)
7x2 3x 22
62. 1 foot 12 inches
8
(2x 1) (x 2)
(x 2) (x 3)
x
3x2 5x 7
riser
tread
60. (3x2 4x) (7 9x) (3x2 4x) (7 9x)

z3
59. y2 11yz 28z2 y2 7yz 4yz 28z2

y(y 7z) 4z(y 7z)
(y 4z) (y 7z)
3x2
z 2
9xy2
3xy
15xy
3xy
3xy
1
3y 5 xy
x5
5. 2x 32x2 7x 16
() 2x2 3x
10x 16
() 10x 15
1
12 3
4 22
9 33
12 2 2 3
LCM 2 2 3 3 36
64.
77
21 7 3
55
LCM 3 5 7 105
65.
6 23
12 2 2 3
24 2 2 2 3
LCM 2 2 2 3 24
63.
The quotient is x 5 2x 3.
y 15
6. y 4y2 19y 9
() y2 4y
15y 9
() 15y 60
51
The quotient is y 15 y
567
51
.
4
Chapter 12
7.
8.
2 5
x 7
7
x7
6
2m
6
m3m3
m 3
2m 6
m3
2(m 3)
m3
2
x 7
x
2m
m 3
5
7
9. The LCD is (y 5)(y 5).
2y
y2 25
2
9.
5x 1
3x 2
2x 1
3x 2

3
34
in.
11. The LCD is

3z
6w2
16.5 minutes

1

4a
2a 6
a
3
3

13. The LCD is (b 4)(b 4).

b 8
b2 16
b
1
4

a
a 4
a 4
a 4
b 4
b 8

b 4
(b 4) (b 4)
b 8 (b 4)
(b 4) (b 4)
b 8 b 4
(b 4) (b 4)
4
(b 4) (b 4)
14. The LCD is (x 2)(x 5).

1)2(n
x
x 2
4)
x2 3x
10
x
x
2
x 5
5
x
x2 3x
x2 5x
(x 2) (x 5)
x2 5x 3
(x 2) (x 5)
10
3
(x 2) (x 5)
15. C; The LCD is ( y 4)( y 3).

2y
y2 7y 12
a 4a
(a 4) (a 4)
y 2
4
y
2y
y2 7y
y2 7y
a 4
a 4
4a 16
(a 4) (a 4)
a 4a 4a 16
(a 4) (a 4)
a2 8a 16
(a 4) (a 4)
Pages 681683
568
y 2
4
12
y
12
2y
4
a 4
16.
Chapter 12
b 8
b2 16 b 4 b 4
b2 16
6 2x
7
10x2
5x 2x
12x
7
10x2
10x2
12x 7
10x2
4
a 4
4a
3
2
a 32
6
4a
6
2(a 3)
2a 6
4a 6
2(a 3)
2(2a 3)
2(a 3)
2a 3
a 3
2a
8. The LCD is (a 4)(a 4).

a
a 4
3w
3wz
x
5
,
2x 6 x 3
LCM (n 1)(n 1)(n 4) or (n

7. The LCD is 10x2.
12. The LCD is 2(a 3).
6. n2 3n 4 (n 4)(n 1)
(n 1) 2 (n 1)(n 1)
6z 3wz
12w2
3(2z wz)
12w2
2z wz
4w2
LCM 5 7 a a 35a2
5. 2x 4 2(x 2)
3x 6 3(x 2)
LCM (2 3)(x 2) 6(x 2)
a 2
6(a 1)
(a 3) (a 1)
(a 3) (a 1)
a 2 6a 6
(a 3) (a 1)
7a 8
(a 3) (a 1)
12w2.
3z
7
10x2
y2 12y 25
(y 5) (y 5)
6z
5a2 5 a a
7a 7 a
6
5x
12w2 12w2
1. Sample answer: To find the LCD, determine the

least common multiple of all of the factors of the
denominators.
2. Sample answer: Multiply both the numerator and
denominator by factors necessary to form the
LCD.
4.
2y y2 10y 25
(y 5) (y 5)
4w 6w2 2 4w 3w
Rational Expressions with Unlike

Denominators
3. Sample answer:
Page 681
y2 10y 25
(y 5) (y 5)
2y
(y 5) (y 5)

1 revolution
1 minute
4125 or about 12,959 in.
12-7
y 5
5
y
333 revolutions
y 5
5
2y
y2 25 y
10. The LCD is (a 3)(a 1).

a 2
6
a 2
6
a 1
a 3 a2 4a 3 a 3 a 1
a2 4a 3
(5x 1) (2x 1)
3x 2
5x 1 2x 1
3x 2
3x
3x 2
10. Circumference of record 2r 2

2 34 in.
y 5
5
y
y2 5y 6
(y 4) (y 3)
2y y2 5y 6
(y 4) (y 3)
y2 7y 6
(y 4) (y 3)
Practice and Apply
a2b a a b
ab3 a b b b
LCM a a b b b a2b3
y 3
3
y
7xy 7 x y
21x2y 3 7 x x y
LCM 3 7 x x y 21x2y
18. LCM (x 4)(x 2)
19. LCM (2n 5)(n 2)
30. The LCD is 3(x 3).
17.
5
3x 9

31. The LCD is 3(3m 2).

m
3m 2
21. p2 5p 6 (p 6)(p 1)
LCM (p 6)(p 1)
23. The LCD is a3.
22. The LCD is x2.
5
x
2
a3
x2 x x
9m
2
6
5x
x2
3 5x
x2
7a
a3
2 7a
a3
a3

3
5 a
4
5m2

3
5m
4

5m2
7m 5m
15m
28
35m2
35m2
15m 28
35m2
x
4
4
3

n
3
3
18
y2 9
7
7
n
4
n 3
3
n
3
3
n
n2 3n 3n 12
(n 4) (n 3)
n2 12
(n 4) (n 3)
a 2
2
a 2 a 5a
x
x2 2x 1
7a2 14a
(a 5) (a 2)
7a2 14a a2 5a
(a 5) (a 2)
8a2 9a
(a 5) (a 2)
x
x
1
x
6x
3
x 1
1
x
x
x
1
6x2 6x
(x 3) (x 1)
6x2 6x x2 3x
(x 3) (x 1)
7x2 3x
(x 3) (x 1)
x
1
1
x2 2x
1
x x 1
(x 1) 2
2x 1
(x 1) 2

1
x 1

1 x 1
x 1
(x 1) 2
x
1
35. The LCD is (x 4)(x 1)2.
n 4
4
n
2x 1
x 2
x2 3x 4
(x 1) 2
2x 1 x 4
x 2
(x 1) 2 x 4 (x 4) (x 1)
a 5
2x2 9x 4
(x 1) 2 (x 4)
2x2 9x 4 x2 3x 2
(x 1) 2 (x 4)
3x2 6x 6
(x 1) 2 (x 4)
x 1
1
x
x2 3x 2
(x 1) 2 (x 4)
36. The LCD is (2x 3)(2x 3)2.
a2 5a
(a 5) (a 2)
7y 21
(y 3) (y 3)
x2 2x
a 2a 5
y 3
3
y
34. The LCD is (x 1)2.
3n 12
(n 4) (n 3)
7
3
7y 39
(y 3) (y 3)
x2
4x2 9
x
(2x 3) 2
29. The LCD is (x 3)(x 1).

6x
x 3
7
3)
18
18
n2 3n
(n 4) (n 3)
7a
y2 9 (y
y2 9
7
y
18
3
x 4
4
x 5

x 4x 5
5 x 4
3x 12
4x 20
(x 4) (x 5)
(x 5) (x 4)
3x 12 4x 20
(x 5) (x 4)
7x 8
(x 5) (x 4)
n
3
y2 9 y
28. The LCD is (a 5)(a 2).

7a
a 5
a 5
33. The LCD is (y 3)(y 3).
27. The LCD is (n 4)(n 3).

n
n 4
3a 15 5
(a 5) (a 5)
3a 20
(a 5) (a 5)
x
a2 25 (a 5) a2 25
3
26. The LCD is (x 5)(x 4).

3
x 5
3(3m 2)
a 5 a 5 a2 25
7
5 2a
3a 2a
6a2
7
10a
6a2
6a2
7 10a
6a2
25. The LCD is 35m2.

3
7m
32. The LCD is (a 5)(a 5).
24. The LCD is 6a2.

5
3a
9m 6
x2
m
3

2 3
3m
3(3m 2)
3m 2
3(3m 2)
1
3
3m
a2 a3 a2 a
7
6a2
5
3
3
x 33
9
5
9
3x 9
3x 9
5 9
3(x 3)
14
3(x 3)
3x
20. x2 5x 14 (x 7)(x 2)
(x 2) 2 (x 2)(x 2)
LCM (x 7)(x 2)(x 2) or (x 7)(x 2)2
3
x2
3
3
x
x 3
3
x
x2 3x
(x 3) (x 1)
x2
9
4x2
2x 3
3
2x
x
(2x 3) 2
2x3 3x2
(4x2 9) (2x 3)
2x3 3x2 2x2 3x

(2x 3) (2x 3) 2
2x3 5x2 3x
(2x 3) (2x 3) 2
2x 3
3
2x
2x2 3x
(2x 3) 2 (2x 3)
37. The LCD is (a b)(a b)2.

a2
a2 b2
569
a
(a b) 2
a2
a b
a2 b2 a b
a
(a b) 2
a3 a2b
(a2 b2 ) (a b)
a3 a2b a2 ab
(a b) 2 (a b)
a b
a b
a2 ab
(a b) 2 (a b)
Chapter 12
46. The LCD is x(x 5).
38. The LCD is 6x2.

7
3x
3
6x2
2x
x2 5x
7(2x)
3
6x2
3x(2x)
14x
3
6x2
6x2
14x 3
6x2

3x
5
x

5(5x)
4 25x
15x2
7x
6y
3
a 6
11x(2)
7x(y)
6y(y)
3y2 (2)
22x
7xy
6y2
6y2
22x 7xy
6y2

3a
21x2

5a(3x)
7x(3x)
6
a2 6a
n
5 n
3a
21x2
15ax
3a
21x2
21x2
15ax 3a
21x2
3(5ax a)
3(7x2 )
5ax a
7x2
x2 1
x 1
3
n2 25
5)
n(n 5)
3
n2 25
(n 5) (n 5)
n2 5n 3
(n 5) (n 5)
n2 25 1(n
49. The LCD is 3(a 2)(a 2).

3a 2
6 3a
a 2
3a 2
a 2
a2 4
2)
3a 2(a 2)
(a 2) (3)
(a2 4) (3)
3(a 2) (a 2)
a2 4 3(a
3a2 8a 4
2) (a 2)
(x2 1) (x 1)
(x 1) (x 1)
(x2 1) (x 1)
(x 1) (x 1)
x3 x2 x 1
(x 1) (x 1)
x3 x2 x 1
(x 1) (x 1)
x3 x2 x 1 x3 x2 x 1
(x 1) (x 1)
2x2 2x
(x 1) (x 1)
2x(x 1)
(x 1) (x 1)
3a2 11a 10
2) (a 2)
(3a 5) (a 2)
3(a 2) (a 2)
3a 5
3(a 2)

50. The LCD is (x 2)2(x 1).

3x
x2 3x 2
3x 6
x2 4x 4
43. The LCD is (k 5)(k 3).

3
k(k 3)
(k 5) (k 3)
3(k 5)
(k 3) (k 5)
k2 3k 3k 15
(k 5) (k 3)
k2 6k 15
(k 5) (k 3)
k
2
2
k(k 2)
(2k 1) (k 2)
2(2k 1)
(k 2) (2k 1)
k2 2k
(2k 1) (k 2)
4k 2
(k 2) (2k 1)
k2 2k 4k 2
(k 2) (2k 1)
k2 2k 2
(2k 1) (k 2)
2m 5
(m 1) (2m 5)
(m 1) (2m 5)
3x 6
(x 2) 2
3x(x 2)
(x 2) (x 1) (x 2)
3x2 6x
(x 2) 2 (x 1)
3x2 6x 3x2 3x 6
(x 2) 2 (x 1)
9x 6
(x 2) 2 (x 1)
4(m 1)
(2m 5) (m 1)
4m 4
(2m 5) (m 1)
5a2 5a
(a 4) (a 1) (a 1)
5a2 5a a2 3a 4
(a 4) (a 1) (a 1)
4a2 2a 4
(a 4) (a 1) (a 1)
(3x 6) (x 1)
(x 2) 2 (x 1)
3x2 3x 6
(x 2) 2 (x 1)
a2 3a 4
(a 4) (a 1) (a 1)
52. The LCD is (x 3)(x 1).

x2 4x 5
(x 3) (x 1)
2m2 3m 5 4m 4
(m 1) (2m 5)
x2 4x 5 2x 6
(x 3) (x 1)
2m2 m 9
(m 1) (2m 5)
x2 2x 1
(x 3) (x 1)
(x 1) 2
(x 3) (x 1)
x 1
x 3
2m 3m 5
(m 1) (2m 5)

x2 4x 5
x2 2x 3
x
2
1
Chapter 12
5a
a 1
a2 1
a2 3a 4
5a
a 1
(a 4) (a 1) (a 1) (a 1)
5a(a 1)
(a 1) (a 4)
(a 4) (a 1) (a 1) (a 1) (a 1) (a 4)
45. The LCD is (m 1)(2m 5).

m 1
m 1
3x
(x 2) (x 1)
51. The LCD is (a 1)(a 1)(a 4).
44. The LCD is (2k 1)(k 2).

k
2k 1
2)
3(a
2x
1
k3
3(a 2) (a
3a2 8a 4 3a 6
3(a 2) (a 2)
x
k
k 5
3a 6
3(a
42. The LCD is (x 1)(x 1).

x2 1
x 1
3(a)
6
a2 6a
(a 6) (a)
3a 6
3a 6
or a(a 6)
a2 6a
48. The LCD is (n 5)(n 5).
41. The LCD is 21x2.

5a
7x
2x 3x2
x2 5x
x(2 3x)
x(x 5)
2 3x
x 5
47. The LCD is a(a 6).
40. The LCD is 6y2.

11x
3y2
3x2
2x
3x 15x2 3x(5x)
3x(x)
(x 5) (x)
x2 5x x2 5x
39. The LCD is 15x2.

4
15x2
2x
x2 5x
570
2(x 3)
(x 1) (x 3)
60. D; a2 2ab b2 (a b)(a b)

a2 b2 (a b)(a b)
The LCD is (a b)(a b)(a b) or
(a b)2 (a b).
61. C; The LCD is (x 3)(x 2)2.
53. The LCD is (m 4)2(m 4).

m 4
m2 8m 16
m 4
m 4
m 4(m 4)
(m 4) 2 (m 4)
(m 4) (m 4) 2
(m 4) (m 4) 2
m2 8m 16
(m 4) 2 (m 4)
m3 12m2 48m 64
(m 4) 2 (m 4)
m2 8m 16 m3 12m2 48m 64
(m 4) 2 (m 4)
m3 11m2 56m 48

(m 4) 2 (m 4)
x 4
(2 x) 2
54. Find the LCM of 2, 3, and 4.

22
33
4 22
The LCM is 2 2 3 or 12.
The least number of students is 12.
55. Find the number of miles each girl walks in an
hour.
60 minutes
12 minutes
60 minutes
15 minutes
60 minutes
20 minutes
Maya :
Makalla :
Monya :
Page 683
62.
63.
1 mile 5 miles
64.
1 bag
12 days
total
b
y
x2 x 12
(x 2) 2 (x 3)
x2 7x 10
(x 3) (x 2) 2
x2 x 12 x2 7x 10
(x 3) (x 2) 2
6x 22
(x 3) (x 2) 2
3
1
5
3
2y
5
(y 3)
3
2y
5
y3
y 3
2y 5
y 3
y
(b 10) (b 2)
b 2
4t3
() t3

t2 4t 3
19t 9
0t2
4t2
The quotient is t2 4t 3 t
3
.
4
2m 3
67. 2m 74m2 8m 19
() 4m2 14m
6m 19
() 6m 21
2
x
7
16 1.4875
The quotient is 2m 3 2m
2
.
7
68. 2x2 10x 8 (2x2 8x) (2x 8)

2x(x 4) 2(x 4)
(2x 2)(x 4)
2(x 1)(x 4)
69. 5r2 7r 6 5r2 10r 3r 6
5r(r 2) 3(r 2)
(5r 3) (r 2)
xy yx
(x 5) (x 2)
(x 3) (x 2) (x 2)
4t2 19t
() 4t2 16t
3t 9
() 3t 12
3
x
7 days
Therefore, she must buy 2 bags for one week.

57. Find the LCM of 3000, 6000, and 15,000.
3000 2 2 2 3 5 5 5
6000 2 2 2 2 3 5 5 5
15,000 2 2 2 3 5 5 5 5
The LCM is 2 2 2 2 3 5 5 5 5 30,000
Therefore, the cars odometer would read
36,000 30,000 or 66,000 miles.
58. Sample answer: This method will always work.
a
x
b 8b 20
b 2
66. t
7 16x
7
15
b 10
7 15x
7
12
x
7
16
5
y
7
x
15
1 bag
x

16 days days
third dog :
3
7 days
1 bag
15 days
second dog :
2y
y 3
1 mile 3 miles
7 12x
7
12
(x 4) (x 3)
(x 2) 2 (x 3)
65.
3m
3
3m
2m 1 2m
2m 1
5
4x
4x
2x 3 2x
2x 3
1 mile 4 miles
Total miles 5 4 3 12 miles

The amount of money raised is 12 $2.50 or $30.
56. first dog :
x 5
6
x2 x
70. 16p2 4pq 30q2

2(8p2 2pq 15q2 )
2(8p2 10pq 12pq 15q2 )
2[ (2p(4p 5q) 3q(4p 5q) ]
2(2p 3q)(4p 5q)
71. amount spent on entertainment
0.05(1782 525 120 40)
0.05(1097)
$54.85
ay
bx
yx
xy
ay bx
xy
59. Sample answer: You can use rational expressions

and their least common denominators to
determine when elections will coincide. Answers
Use each factor of the denominators the
greatest number of times it appears.
2012
571
Chapter 12
72.
x
2
3x
5
2 3x
73.
a2
5b
a2
4a
10b2 5b
2 3x
1
5b
a2
5b2
2a
5b
1

74.
x 7
x
6
x 7
3
x
x 7
x
x 7
x
10b2
4a
9.
75.
3n
2n 5

12n2
5
2n
2n
5b
2a
ab
2
10. Average
2n 5
12n2
77.
x2 7x 12
x 6
3x
2
x
3x
(x 2) (x 1)
(x 3)
x
1
3
x
1
3
11. 8
(x 4) (x 3 )
x 6

15. 2m
Mixed Expressions and

Complex Fractions
2
3
16. 3a
4 m
m
a 1
2a
5
6
3(x)
4
3 x x
3x 4
x
a 1
a 1
2a 3a
3a
7
2
19
4
7
2
7 4

2 19
14
19
Chapter 12
2z
w
14. 6z

2m(m)
m
6z(w)
2z
w
w
6wz 2z
w
4 m
m
6a2 a 1
2a
b
b
b2a b3 a b
a b
r2 (r 3)
r 3
or
b3 b2a a b
a b
r
18. r2 r
4
3
r 4
3
19. 5n2
r3 3r2 r 4
r 3
n 3
n 3
2

5n
n2 9
(n 3) (n 3)
r
4
x
4(a)
5
a
a
4a 5
a
3. Bolton; Lian omitted the factor (x 1).
7.
12. 4 a
2m2 4 m
2m2 m 4
or
m
m
3a(2a)
a 1
2a
2a
1
32
3
44
Practice and Apply
2x(y)
x
y
y
2xy x
y
5
6.
204
20
a b
b2 (a b)
a
17. b2 a b a b a
35
4.
165
20
1. Sample answer: Both mixed numbers and mixed

expressions are made up by the sum of an integer
or a monomial and a fraction or rational
expression.
2. Sample answer:
2
3
5
6
8(n)
3
n
n
8n 3
n
13. 2x y
x 4
6
Pages 686687
3
n
x
12-8
Pages 687688
(x 4) (x 3)
x 6
130
20
729 1

20 5
29
7100 min
1
1
90
20
4n
729
20
5
140
20

2n 5
12n2
7 42 62 84 105
a b
x y
(a b) (a b)
(x y) (x y)
1
(a b) (a b )
(x y ) (x y)
4n
(x 1) x
x y
1
x y
x 3
x 7
3x
x 2
a2 b2
a b
x 3
7
3n
5
76.
x y
a b x2 y2
a b
x
3n
5
2n
x2 y2
a2 b2
x 3
x
x y
a b
5. 7

7(6y)
5
6y
6y
42y 5
6y
s 1
20. 3s2 s2 1
2a(3a)
3a
a 1 6a2
3a
6a2 a 1
3a
n
1
3
5n3 15n2 1
n 3
s 1
3s2 (s 1) (s 1)
3s2 (s 1)
s 1
s
1
1
3s3 3s2 1
s 1
x 2
(x 5) (x 3)

x 3
x 3
21. (x 5)
8.
19
4
5
6y
5n2 (n 3)
n 3
x3
y2
y3
x

x3
y2
x3
y2
x4
y5
y3
x
x 2
3
x
x2 8x 15 x 2
x 3
x2 7x 17
x 3
p 1
(p 4) (p 4)

p 4
p 4
22. ( p 4)
x
y3
572
p 1
p4
p2 16 p 1
p 4
p2 p 15
p 4
23.
54
2
73
23
4
23
3
23
4
23
4
23
24.
87
4
45
23
3
25.
a2
b
a2
b
a
b3
b
a2
1
a
1
b
b2
26.
n3
m2
n2
m2
b3 a2
x2
y2
n3
m2
n
n3
m2
m2
n2
1
m2
n2
27.
n3
m2
ab2
x 4
y 2
145
84
x
x2
s
t2
s t
s t
x2 x 20
x 1
x2 2x 15
x 2
x2 x 20
x 1

(x 3) (x 1)
(x 2) (x 4)
34.
35
12
63
n 2
nn
n
n(n 12)
n 12
n(n 2)
n 2
35
12
63
n 2
n
n2 12n 35
n 12
s3
t2
s
x2
y2
s3
t2
s
s t
t
n2 12n 35
n 12
y2 (x 4)
2)
s3 (s t)
t2 (s t)

n2 12n 35
n 2
n2 2n 63
n 12
1
(n 7 ) (n 5)
n 2
(n 9) (n 7 )
n 12
(n 5) (n 2)
(n 12) (n 9)
x 4
2
y2
x 4
2
y
y2 1
y2 3y 4
28.
y1
y2 1
4
y2 3y
s t
t
y 1
1
y
a2 2a 3
a2 1
a3
35.
aa
a 2a 3
a2 1
a2 2a 3
1
a 3
a2 1
1
1
(a 3 ) (a 1 )
1

(a 1) (a 1 ) a 3
a 3
1
n2 5n
n2 n 30
36.
n 2n
18
n2 9n

n 5n
30
n2 n
n2 2n
n2 n 30
n2 5n
n2 9n 18
1
1
1
n (n 2)
(n 6 ) (n 5 )

(n 6 ) (n 3)
n (n 5 )
1
n 2
3
x2 3x 28
x2 10x 24
b(b)
b
a(a)
a
b
1
a
b2 1
b
a2 1
a
b2 1
b
a2 1
a
b2 1
b
a2 1
2b2
5c
4b3
2c
7b3
8c2
2b2
5c
2b2
5c
2b2
5c
32b2
35
14b2c
x2 3x 28
x2 10x 24
7b3
8c2
4c
2
1
16c
7
37. number of servings
x2 4x 21
x2 9x 18
14b2c 7b8c 2
4
n
x2 4x 21
x2 9x 18
n2 2n 63
n 2
a(b2 1)
b(a2 1)
a1
n2 2n
n2 9n 18
bb
1
4
2
n2 2n 63
n 2
y2 1
1

4 y 1
1
1
(y 1 ) (y 1 )
1

(y 4) (y 1 ) y 1
32.
x2 2x 15
x 2
y2 3y
31.
15
2
20
1)
x2 2x 15
x 1
x2 x 20
x 2
1
(x 5 ) (x 3)
x 1
(x 5 ) (x 4)
x 2
n2
m2
x(x 2)
x
x 2
x(x 1)
(x
(x 1)
x2 (y
30.
15
2
20
x 1
xx
n
y
29.
33.
12
a
b3
4
a
b3
58
7
24
5
58
24
5
7
29
58 5

7 24
5 66 ounces
1
52
ounces
330
30
x2 4x 21 x2 10x 24

18 x2 3x 28
1
1
1
1
(x 7 ) (x 3 ) (x 6 ) (x 4 )

(x 6 ) (x 3 ) (x 7 ) (x 4 )
30 2
60 servings
11
2
330 11
330
11
2
x2 9x
1
1
573
Chapter 12
38. h

a
v
s
1
f
s
s
v
s
b.
a
1
3
a
b
fs
v
370 760
760 65
281,200
695
4.799 1012
4,231,604,706
c.
4,651,208,508
4,231,604,706
1
2
2a
b1
4.794 1012
4,231,604,706
1133 people per square mile

41. Let P 30 lb/in2 and V
2
13
12
30
5
3
153 2
k

(30)
50 k
Let k 50 and V 4 ft3. Solve for P.

P
12
50
3
4
P 50
4
P
200
3
2
66 3
lb/in2
42. Simplify all expressions.

a.
a
1
3
a
a
3
a
1

a
a
a

a
3
a

a
3
a
a
a
a 3
3 a
a
a
a
a 3
a
a 1
1
1
2 1 3 a a 2
a
a
a
a
11 a 3 2 11 3 a 2
Chapter 12
a
a2
3
3a
a
a2
3
(a 3)
3
b
3a 1
3

3a
3
3
b
3a 1
3
1
2
3a 1
3
b
1
3a 1
3a 1
3b
3b
3a 1 3a 1
3b
2
0
3b
2a 2
1b
4a
2
b1
1 4a
2
b1

4a
2
2
1b
4a 1
2
1b
1 4a
2
1 4a
4a 1
2 2b
2b 2
1 4a
4a 1
(2b 2)
2b 2
1 4a
4a 1
2b 2
2b 2
1 4a 4a 1
2b 2
8a 2
2b 2
2(4a 1)
2(b 1)
4a 1
0
b 1
Therefore, expression a is equivalent to 0.

43. Sample answer: Most measurements used in
baking are fractions or mixed numbers, which are
examples of rational expressions. Answers should
You want to find the number of batches of
cookies you can make using the 7 cups of flour
you have on hand when a batch requires
1
12 cups of flour.
Divide the expression in the numerator of a
complex fraction by the expression in the
denominator.
3
4
P 50 3
P
3a
3
4a 1
b 12 1 2 1 b2
1
1 4a
1
4a 1
1
1 2 b 12 1 2 1 b2
ft3. Solve for k.
PV
k
30 2
13
5
(30)
3
a2 a2
a 3
0
a 3
3a 1
b
2 1 3 12
1
3a 1 1
3a 1 1
1 3 b2 1 3 b2
population of New Jersey

population of Alaska
land area of Alaska
land area of New Jersey
8,414,350
626,932
7419 570,374
404.60 cycles /s
40.
1
3
hs
a2
a3
0
f
s v
s
s v
f s
s
fs v
fs
s v
39. Let s 760, v 65, and f 370.

a2
3
a2
a2
574
44. C; Set up an equation.

P 4BC
12 4BC
6n
12 n 8
12(n 8)
6n
n8
n 8
12n 96
6n
n8
n 8
12n 96 6n
n 8
6n 96
n 8
6n 96 1
4
n 8
6n 96
4n 32
45. C;
6mn
5p
24n2
20mp
3n
2 n8
6n
n 8
4BC
7
x2
51.
x
(x 3) 2
52.
2
t2 t 2
53.
2n
n2 2n 24
x2
4BC
20mp
6mn
5p
20mp
24n2
6mn
5p
20mp
24n2
4m2
4n
m2
n
4m
4n
p2
Check:
36x
8(2y)
6y(2y)

16y
36x 16y
12y2
4(9x 4y)
4(3y2 )
9x 4y
3y2
57.
47. The LCD is (a b)(2b 3a).

a
a b
2b
b
3a
a(2b 3a)
(a b) (2b 3a)
2ab 3a2 ab b2
(a b) (2b 3a)
3a2 3ab b2
(a b) (2b 3a)
b(a b)
(a b) (2b 3a)
48. The LCD is (3a 2)(a 4)2.
a2 a 12
(3a 2) (a 4) 2
a2 a 12 6a2 4a
(3a 2) (a 4) 2
7a2 3a 12
(3a 2) (a 4) 2
n 5
6
n2 n
9p2 64
183 22 64
64 ?
9 1 9 2 64
?
or
1 8 22 64
64 ?
9 1 9 2 64
9 3
64 64
64 64
z3 9z 45 5z2
z3 5z2 9z 45 0
3 5z2 ) (9z 45) 0
(z
z2 (z 5) 9(z 5) 0
(z 5)(z2 9) 0
or z2 9 0
z50
5
z2 9
z 3
The solution set is {5, 3, 3}.
z3 9z 45 5z2
?
5 9(5) 45 5(5) 2
?
125 45 45 125
80 80
or
3
z 9z 45 5z2
6a2 4a
(3a 2) (a 4) 2
33 9(3) 45 5(3) 2
?
27 27 45 45
00
or
49. The LCD is (n 2)2(n 3).

n 4
(n 2) 2
Check:
a 3
2a
a2 8a 16
3a2 10a 8
(a 3) (a 4)
2a(3a 2)
(3a2 10a 8) (a 4) (a2 8a 16) (3a 2)
t2 t
64
9
12y2 12y2
2 t
2
2 t
(t 2) (t 1)
(t 2)
(t 2) (t 1)
1
t 1
8
2n 8
n2 2n 24
n2 2n 24
2(n 4)
(n 6) (n 4)
2
n6
2
64
9
46. The LCD is 12y2.

12x(3)
4y2 (3)
1
3
p 3 or 3

8
6y
x
55. s2 16
s 116
s 4 or 4
s2 16
Check:
42 16
42 16
56. 9p2 64
p 3
12x
4y2
x 3
(x 3) 2
54. The answer is 100 multiplied by 2 ten times.

1000 210 1,024,000 bacteria.
24n2
6mn
5p
Page 689
BC
BC
t2 t
4BC
4BC
x2
3
(x 3) 2
4BC
7 3
x2
50.
(n 4) (n 3)
(n 2) 2 (n 3)
(n 5) (n 2)
(n2 n 6) (n 2)
n2 n 12
(n 2) 2 (n 3)
n2 7n 10
(n 2) 2 (n 3)
n2 n 12 n2 7n 10
(n 2) 2 (n 3)
2n2 8n 2
(n 2) 2 (n 3)
z3 9z 45 5z2
?
3 9(3) 45 5(3) 2
?
27 27 45 45
00
3
575
Chapter 12
58. 160,140
53,310
27,990
22,980
18,120
15,750
11,190
10,800
59.
16014 105
5.331 104
2.799 104
2.298 104
1.812 104
1.575 104
1.119 104
1.08 104
amount spent on food

amount spent on clothing
12-9 Solving Rational Equations

Page 694
2.
amount spent on housing

total amount spent
Sample answer:
4.83 3.39
24 15
1.44
9
12 4
6.
10
4(12) 4
48 x
3
n
4
65.
3
n
4
14x 2
3
n
4
4 3
n
3 4
1 2
k(k 1)
3.2
(7) (3.2)
3n (4)
6
3n 4
(6) 6
2 x(6)
x 1 x 4 6x
2x 5 6x
5 4x
x
k1
x 2
x 2
x
2
2
3
1xx 22 x 2 2 2 3(x 2) (x 2) 173 2
3(x 2) 2 6(x 2) (x2 4) (7)

4x 4) 6x 12 7x2 28
2
3x 12x 12 6x 12 7x2 28
3x2 6x 24 7x2 28
10x2 6x 4 0
2(5x2 3x 2) 0
(5x 2) (x 1) 0
x2 4
5x 2 0
5x 2
or
x10
x 1
x5
10.
32 b
128 b
0.300
32 b 0.3(128 b)
32 b 38.4 0.3b
0.7b 6.4
b 9.14
Omar needs 10 more hits.
9
(6)(9)
50
3
50
n 3
Chapter 12
3(x2
3n 4 54
3n 4 4 54 4
3n 50
3n
3
6
2 k(k 1) 1k 1 1 2
3(x 2) (x 2)
22.4 8 n
22.4 8 8 n 8
14.4 n
68.
5
7
k
k 1
5
7
k
k 1
9.
x 2
7x
10
x 1
x 4
x
x
x 1
x 4
x
x
4
(12)
3
8 n
7
8 n
7 7
7.
3 k
n 16
67.
7x
10
5k 7(k 1) k
5k 7k 7 k
2k 7 k
7 3k
66. 7x2 28
12
a3
7(a 3) 5(a 1)
7a 21 5a 5
2a 26
a 13
2 101 2
8.
2.4 g
3393
3x
3
2
5
3x
3
2
5
7
a 1
5.
5
4
1.8 0.6 g 0.6 0.6
39
0
3
x 1
6x 15 7x
15 x
1.8 g 0.6
64.
x
4
2(x 1) 3x
2x 2 3x
x 2
x2
0.16
Find the equation of the line using (15, 3.39).
y mx b
3.39 0.16(15) b
3.39 2.4 b
0.99 b
Let y C and x m.
A linear equation is C 0.16m 0.99
62. Let m 9.
C 0.16(9) 0.99
C 1.44 0.99
C 2.43
The cost of a 9-minute call is $2.43.
63.
2
x
4.
0.3328 or 33.3%
61. Find the slope of the line containing points
(15, 3.39) and (24, 4.83).
m
1
5.331 10
105
1.6014
n
3
3. The solution of a rational equation can never be

zero.
2.799 104
1.08 104
2.59 100
60.
1. Sample answer: When you solve the equation,

n 1. But n 1, so the equation has no solution.
576
Pages 694695
4
a
11.
Practice and Apply

3
a2
4(a 2) 3(a)
4a 8 3a
a8
x 3
x
13.
3
x
12.
x
1
2
p5
3(x 2) x
3x 6 x
2x 6
x3
x 3
6
x
21.
15(a 2)
x
6
x 4
3
x 2
2n
1
2n 3
2 6
3
2n
1
2n 3
2 6 6
3
4n 3 2n 3
2n 6
22.
16.
12
5
3y
2
4
5
3y
2
4
17.
(a 1) (a 1)
(4 c)
7y
6
2 121 2
15
a 1
a 1
2a
1
x(x

19.
(2x 3) (2x 3)
4x
2x 3
2x
2x 3
2x
2x 3
6
4 c
6
4 c
6
c)
c
c
2 (4 c)(c)
2b 5
b 2
2b
3
2
12bb 25 22 (b 2)(b 2) 1b 3 2 2
2b2 b 10 2b2 8 3b 6
b 2 3b 6
4b 4
b1
7
k 3
24.
4
x
4
x
4
x
2(k 3) (k 4)
2k
3
4
1k 7 3 12 2 2(k 3) (k 4) 1k 3 4 2
14(k 4) (k 3) (k 4) 6(k 3)
14k 56 (k2 7k 12) 6k 18
7 3x 4x 20
7x 27
4x
2x 3
c

c 4
c

(4 c)
c
(4
(4 c)
(b 2)(2b 5) 2(b 2)(b 2) (b 2)(3)
2 x(x 5) 14x 2
4
7 3x (x2 5x) 1 x 2
x
5a 3a 6(a 2)
2a 6a 12
4a 12
a 3
(b 2)(b 2)
(a 1) (a 1) (1)
(a 1) (a 1) 2a(a 1) (a2 1) (1)

a2 2a 1 2a2 2a a2 1
a2 4a 1 a2 1
4a 0
a0
7
3
5x
x2 5x
7
3
(x 5)
x(x 5)
7
3
(x 5)
x(x 5)
7
3
5) x(x 5) (x 5)
5
2 25 (15(a 2) )
23.
2a
a 1 1
a
5
y 4
a 1
a 1
a
a
5a 10
3a 6
a
a
5(a 2)
3(a 2)
a
a
5(a 2)
3(a 2)
c 6 4c c2
c 5c 6 0
(c 6)(c 1) 0
c 6 0 or c 1 0
c6
c1
7y
6
15 18y 14y
4y 15
n 3
18.
55 p2 8p 40
p 8p 15 0
p2 8p 15 0
Since p2 8p 15 does not factor, there are no
solutions.
x(x 1) (x 6)(x 1)
x2 x x2 5x 6
4x 6
15.
1 p 55 5 p p 5 2 ( p 5) (8)
x 6
1
x
x 1
p2
p 5 8
(x 3)(x 6) (x 3)(x)
x2 9x 18 x2 3x
6x 18 0
6x 18
x3
14.
55
p 5
20.
k50
k5
27
7
25.
1
2 (2x 3) (2x 3)
k2 21k 68 6k 18
k2 15k 50 0
k2 15k 50 0
(k 5) (k 10) 0
x2 4
x 2
(x 2) (x 2)
x 2
or
k 10 0
k 10
x2 4
x2 4
x 2 x2 4
x2 x 2 0
(x 2)(x 1) 0
or x 1 0
x20
x 2
x1
4x2
(2x 3) (4x) (2x 3) (2x)

9
8x2 12x 4x2 6x 4x2 9
4x2 18x 4x2 9
18x 9
1
x2
577
Chapter 12
2n
n 1
26.
(n 1)(n 1)
n 5
1
n2
31. Find the distance for Jim.

d rt
1
1n 2n 1 (n n1)(n5 1) 2 (n 1) (n 1)
d
(n 1) (2n) n 5 (n 1) (n 1)
2n2 2n n 5 n2 1
n2 3n 4 0
(n 4) (n 1) 0
Find the distance for Mateo.

d rt
d
or n 1 0
n40
n 4
n1
The number 1 is an extraneous solution, since 1 is
an excluded value for n. Thus, 4 is the solution
of the equation.
27.
(z 4) (z 1)
3z
z2 5z 4
3z
(z 4) (z 1)
2
z 4
1803 2 21.82 0.82 mi

1101 2 21.82 2.2 mi
They will be 0.82 mile from the nearest shore.

32. R
1
1 car
2 hr
112 12 13 2x 7
136 36 26 2x 7
3
z 1
8
x
6
3z 2(z 1) 3(z 4)
3z 2z 2 3z 12
x
14 2z
7z
(m 2) (m 6)
m
m
2
x
m6
1 (m 2)4(m 6) 2 (m 2)(m 6) 1m m 2 m 1 6 2
x
4 m2 6m m 2
0 m2 5m 6
0 (m 6)(m 1)
m10
or
m6
34. 600 ft3
m 1
The number 6 is an extraneous solution, since 6 is

an excluded value for m. Thus, 1 is the solution
of the equation.
29. Let x number of quizzes.
36 10x
5 x
35.
9
x2 x 2
x 5
x1
x
20
1
1
20
(x 3) (x 2)
(x 2) (x 5)
20
(x 3) (x 2)
(x 2) (x 5)
2 (x 2) (x 5) (0)
(x 3) (x 2) 2(x 2) (x 5) 0
x2 5x 6 2x2 6x 20 0
3x2 11x 14 0
(3x 14) (x 1) 0
3x 14 0
or x 1 0
3x 14
x1
14
x 3
r
The number 1 is an extraneous solution. Thus,

14
36. Sample answer: Rational equations are used in
solving rate problems, so they can be used to
determine traveling times, speeds, and distances
related to subways. Answers should include the
following.
Sample answer: Since both trains leave at the
same time, their traveling time is the same.
The sum of the distances of both trains is
equal to the total distance between the two
stations. So, add the two expressions to
represent the distance each train travels and
solve for time.
r
r
3
1
t 10 t
80
3
1
t 10 t
80
3
2 80(3)
3t 8t 240
11t 240
t 21.82
They will meet in about 22 minutes.
Chapter 12
(x 2) (x 1)
x 5
(x 2) (x 5)
Let t time in minutes.
80
4500 gal.
x 3
x 2
x 3
x 2
Find the rate for Mateo.

d rt
3 mi r 30 min
3 mi
30 min
1 mi
10 min
7.5 gal.
1ft3
It will take 4500 gallons to fill the pool.
36 10x 9(5 x)
36 10x 45 9x
x9
She must score 10 points on 9 quizzes to reach
her goal.
30. Find the rate for Jim.
d rt
3 mi r 80 min
3 mi
80 min
42
8
2
58
1
54
168 2
It will take them 5 hours and 15 minutes to clean

7 cars.
33. V / w h
V 15 ft 10 ft 4 ft
600 ft3
4 (m 6)(m) (m 2)
m60
7
x (7)
3z 5z 14
28.
1 car
3 hr
Let x the number of hours.
2 (z 4)(z 1) 1z 2 4 z 3 1 2
4
m2 8m 12
and R2
578
37. A;
a 2
a
a 3
a6a
a(a 6)
1a a 2 aa 36 2 a(a 6) 1a1 2
41.
2
5
6
x 1
x2x
x6
1
n 2
n2 7n 8
8
3n2 2n
x2 7x 12
x 5
x2 7x 12
(x 5)
x2 7x
3
2m 3
6 4m

1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24

1
y
y2 2y 1
x2 8x 15
x2 x 6
(x 5) (x 3)
(x 3) (x 2)
(x 5 ) (x 3 )
(x 3 ) (x 2)
y
1
1
a 2
a2 9
2a
6a2 17a 3
(x 3) (x 1)
5) (x 3)
(x 3 ) (x 1)
5 ) (x 3 )
1
x 1
2
x
40.
a2 6a 5
a2 13a 42
2
a 4a 3
a2 3a 18
a 6a 5
a 4a 3
a2 13a 42 a2 3a 18
(a 5) (a 1)
(a 6) (a 7)
(a 5) (a 1 )
(a 6 ) (a 7)
(a 5)
(a 7)
(a 6) (a 3)
3) (a 1)
(a
(a 6 ) (a 3 )
3 ) (a 1 )
(a
a 2
(a 3) (a 3)
2a
(a 3) (6a 1)
(a 2) (6a 1)
(a 3) (a 3) (6a 1)
2a(a 3)
(a 3) (6a 1) (a 3)
6a2 13a 2
(a 3) (a 3) (6a 1)
2a2 6a
(a 3) (a 3) (6a 1)
6a2 13a 2 2a2 6a

(a 3) (a 3) (6a 1)
4a2 7a 2
(a 3) (a 3) (6a 1)
45. 20x 8y 4(5x 2y)

46. 14a2b 21ab2 7ab(2a 3b)
47. 10p2 12p 25p 30 2p(5p 6) 5(5p 6)
(2p 5)(5p 6)
48. Write two equations.
1. 0.5x 0.3y 0.45(100)
2. x y 100
Solve for x in equation 1 and plug it into
equation 2.
0.5(100 y) 0.3y 45
50 0.5y 0.3y 45
0.2y 5
y 25
x 25 100
x 75
Therefore, there are 25 gallons of the 30% glycol
solution and 75 gallons of the 50% glycol solution.
y
y 1
( y 1) 2
( y 1) 2
y y 1
( y 1) 2
1
1
or y2 2y 1
(y 1) 2
44. The LCD is (a 3)(a 3)(6a 1).
(x
(x

x2 2x 15
x2 2x 3
(x 1)
12
3(2)
m
2(2m 3)
(2m 3) (2)
6
m
2(2m 3)
2(2m 3)
6 m
2(2m 3)
x2 2x 15
x2 2x 3
x2 7x 12
x 1
43. The LCD is (y 1)2.
Since n 2 is an extraneous solution, n 6 is

the solution.
39.
x2 7x 6 6
x 1
42. The LCD is 2(2m 3).
Therefore, n3 2n2 20n 24 (n 2)(n2 4n 12)

(n 2)(n 6) (n 2)
n20
or n 6 0
n 2
n6
x2 8x 15
x2 x 6
x 7x 10 2
x 5
x 1
5
Since (2)3 2(2)2 20(2) 24 0, 2 is a

solution.
By synthetic division,
2 1 2 20 24
2
8
24
1 4 12
0
Page 695
The possible factors of this polynomial must be

2
5
6
x 1
x
x
1(3n2 2n 8) (n 2) (n2 7n 8)
3n2 2n 8 n3 7n2 8n 2n2 14n 16
3n2 2n 8 n3 5n2 22n 16
3
n 2n2 20n 24 0
factors of 24
factors of 1
(x 2) (x 5)
x 5
(x 6) (x 1)
x 1
2
(a 2)(a 6) a(a 3) a 6
a2 8a 12 a2 3a a 6
5a 12 a 6
6a 18
a3
38. D;

Page 696
1. false, rational
3. true
5. false, x2 144
579
2. true
4. false,
6. true
5a 20
a 3
Chapter 12
Pages 696700
x1y1 xy
42 28 xy
1176 xy
1176 56y
21 y
9. x1y1 xy
8. x1y1 xy
5 15 xy
75 xy
75 3y
25 y
10. x1 y1 xy
175 35 xy
6125 xy
6125 75y
81.67 y
7.
8 18 xy
144 xy
144 x(3)
48 x
11.
x 1
3x2y
12xy3z
3x2y
12x y3z
12.
4 y2
n2 3n
n 3
13.
a 25
a2 3a 10
14.
x 10x 21
x3 x2 42x
15.
7b2
9
6a2
b
6a2
b
7b2
9
14a2b
3
16.
25.
3a 6
a2 9
a 3
a2 2a
5x2y
8ab
19.
x2 x 12
x 2
26.
x 4
6

20.
b2 19b 84
b 3
b2 9
b2 15b 36
12a2b
25x
xy
5x2y
8ab
3axy
10
3a
12a2b
25x
5
10
10(x 10 )
(x
a 3
2)
a(a
3
a2 3a
22.
p3
2q
p2
p3
(x
x 4
3 ) (x 2)
29.
m 1
5

(x 4) 2
(x 2) 2
(b 7) (b 12 )
b 3
m 4
5
30.
(b 3 ) (b 3 )
(b 12 ) (b 3 )
1
5
2n 5
2n
5
2n
y2
y 4
2q p2
(a b ) (a b)
a b
2p
ab
y
y2
4
3y
y2 16
3y
(y 4 ) (y 4)
3y
a2
a b
b2
a b
32.
7a
b2
5a
b2
7a 5a
b2
2a
b2
33.
2x
x 3
x
6
3
3c2
b
2x 6
x 3
2(x 3 )
x 3
2
y(y 4)
3
( y2 6y 8)
3y 12
y 4
34.
y2 6y
8
3(y 4 )
y 4
1
Chapter 12
6abc
2ab2
y2
4
3y 12
y 4
y2 16 y
4a
3 2
8a b c
2ab2
5 2n
2n 5
2n 5
2n 5
a2 b2
a b
1
31.
23.
4q
6abc2
2ab2
m 4 m 1
5
2m 3
5
4q
4q 2q p2
p3
4a2b2c2
2ab2
8a3b2c
2ab2
x2 4x 2
x 3x3 7x2 10x 6
() x3 3x2
4x2 10x
() 4x2 12x
2x 6
() 2x 6
0
b7
21.
The quotient is 4b 1 12b 1.
(x 4) (x 3 )
x 2
4a2b2c2
2ab2
x2 2x 3
0x2 7x 6
x
2x2
2x2 7x
() 2x2 4x
3x 6
3x 6
0
28.
4b 1
12b 148b2 8b 7
() 48b2 4b
12b 7
() 12b 1
8
x2 x
2ac2 4a2c
3(a 2 )
(a 3) (a 3 )
or
(4a2b2c2 8a3b2c 6abc2 ) 2ab2
2a
30
10
3
a(a 3)
3m 2
2) (3m 2)
2x3
() x3
18.
(3m
27.
3(x 10 )
1
x
3m 2
4
9m2
(2m 3) (m 5 )
m 5
10
17. (3x 30) x2 100
2m2 7m 15
m 5
(x 3) (x 7)
42)
(x 3) (x 7)
x(x 7) (x 6)
x 3
x(x 6)
2m 3
2
x(x2 x
9m2 4
3m 2
3m
(a 5) (a 5)
(a 5) (a 2)
a 5
a 2

2
n
2m2 7m 15
m 5
n(n 3)
n 3
4y2z
2
24.
(y
1
4) (y 2)
m2
m n
2mn n2
m n
m2 2mn n2
m n
(m n) 2
m n
mn
3
(y 4) (y 2)
580
35. The LCD is 6cd2.

2c
3d2
3
2cd
2c(2c)
3d2 (2c)
4c
44.
3(3d)
2cd(3d)
9d
x2
y3
3x
9y2
6cd2 6cd2
3r
3
r
r2 21r
(r 3) (r 3)
r2 21r 3r2 9r
(r 3) (r 3)
4r2 12r
(r 3) (r 3)
3x
9y2
31
x2
9y2
3x
36. The LCD is r 2 9.

r2 21r
r2 9
y3
4c2 9d
6cd2
x2
y3
45.
3x
y

46.
4r
3
y9y
6
4
y4y
2
1
37. The LCD is (a 2) (a 1 ).

3a
a 2
a1
3a(a 1)
(a 2) (a 1)
5a(a 2)
(a 2) (a 1)
3a2 3a
(a 2) (a 1)
5a2 10a
(a 2) (a 1)
5a
8a 7a
(a 2) (a 1)
2.
38. The LCD is 21.

9n
7

39. The LCD is 6a
7n(7)
9n(3)
7(3)
3(7)
49n
27n
21
21
49n 27n
21
22n
21
7
3a
7(2a)
14a
3
6a2
6a2
14a 3
6a2
4x
3
47.
40. The LCD is 5(x 4).

2x
2x 8
5x
4
20

x
2
41. 4 x

12
2x
4
5x 20
4)
x
4
5x 20
x 4
x(5)
4
5x 20
(x 4) (5)
5x
4
5x 20
5x 20
5x 4
5x 20
2(x

43. 3
x y
x2 y2
9(y 4)
y 4
y
6
4
y(y 1)
y 1
4(y 1)
y 1
y
2
1
y2 4y 9y 36 6
y 4
y2 y 4y 4 2
y 1
y2 13y 30
y 4
y2 5y 6
y 1
48.
6x
3
49.
3x 3y x y
x2 y2
4x2 2y2
x2 y2
(y
y 1
3 ) (y 2)
(y 10) (y 1)
(y 4) (y 2)
or
y2 11y 10
y2 6y 8
7x
12 (7)
2
12 (7x)
12
12 (1)
4
1
2 6x116 2
6
6x (2)
3x
1
6x (1)
6
1
2
3r
r2
3r
2
3r
(3r)(r 2) 3r r 2
(3r) (r 2) (2)
(3r) (r 2) (3r)

3r
r 2
3
2 (3r)(r 2) (3)
(3r)(r 2) (3)
2r 4 9r 9r2 18r
16r 4
4
r 16
x2 y2
x2 y2
2
(y 10) (y 3 )
y 4
33 4 x
29 x
y2 5y 6
y 1
2 12 4
11
2
3x
2x
11
2
3x
2x
6x (11)
2x
1
2x2
2(x 2)
1
x2
x 2
2x 4 1
x 2
2x 5
x 2
16x 42 7x 3
9x 45
x 5
x 2
(x 2 ) (x 2)
3(x2 y2 )
x2 y2
y2 13y 30
y 4
14x3 72 2 121127x 14 2
x 2
12 (4x)
3
4(x 2)
x
x2
x 2
4x 8 x
x 2
5x 8
x 2
42. 2 x2 4 2
5a 4
4a 6
8
a
5a 4
8
4a 6
a
5a 4
4
2a 3
a
20a 16
2a2 3a
6a2 3a(2a) 6a2

5a
4
a
a
a(4)
3(2)
2(4)
2(4)
5a 4
a
4a 6
8
y(y 4)
y 4

7n
3
3a 3a 5a 10a
(a 2) (a 1)
4
3r(r 3)
(r 3) (r 3)
4r(r 3 )
(r 3) (r 3 )
r
a
2
11
5a
r 4
581
Chapter 12
50.
(x) (x 6)
x 2
x 3
x6
x
x 2
x 3
x6
x
1
x
8.
2 (x)(x 6) 11x 2
(x) (x 3)
3(x) (x 3)
x2 3x
3
x 2
x3
x2 3x
3
x 2
x3
x2 3x
The excluded values occur when c 7 0 or

3
c 7 and when 2c 3 0 or c 2.
9.
1
x
(n 4 ) (n 1) (1)
n 4
1
n 4
1
n 4
(x ) (x 3) (1)
(x )
n
n
1
1
1
1
(n 4) (n 1 ) (1)
n 1
4
(n 4) (n 1)
1
9
t
t2
81
t2
t2
t 9
t

t 9
t
2
n2 3n 4
(t
t2
9) (t 9 )
1
t
t 9
The excluded values occur when t 0, t2 0,

t 9 0, and t 9 0.
or t 9 0
t 0 or t 9 0
t 9
t9
10.
(n 4 ) (n 1 ) (2)
(n 4 ) (n 1 )
1
n2 3n
t
t
t2 81
t2
t 9
t2 81
t2
t
3 x2 2x x 3
x2 x 0
x(x 1) 0
x 0 or x 1 0
x 1
Since the value 0 gives a 0 in the denominator, 0
is an extraneous solution.
(n 4) (n 1)
1
9
t
81
t2
52.
1
2 (x)(x 3) 11x 2
(x) (x 3 ) (x 2)
x 3
(2c 3) 2
(2c 3) (c 7)
2c 3
c 7

(x 6) (x 2) (x)(x 3) x 6
x2 8x 12 x2 3x x 6
5x 12 x 6
6x 18
x3
51.
4c2 12c 9
2c2 11c 21
5
u
t
6
2u
3
t
(5) (t)
6u
6t
6t
2u
3t
t
t
5t 6u
6t
2u 3t
t
5t 6u
2u 3t

6t
t
5t 6u
6t

(n 1) (n 4) 2
5 2
There is no solution to this equation.
5t 6u
18t
The excluded values occur when t 0 and

12u 18t 0.
12u 18t 0
12u 18t
1. a; complex fraction
2. c; mixed expression
3. b; rational expression
4. xy (40) (21)
5.
xy (4)(22)
xy 840
xy 88
84y 840
x(16) 88
y 10
x 5.5
u
11.
5 2m
6m 15
5 2m
3(5 2m )
5
2
15
x 2
x4x
x6
3
The excluded value occurs when 6m 15 0
5
or m 2.
3 x
2x2 5x 3
3 x
(2x 1) (x 3 )
(x 4) (x 2) 5
x 2
(x 6) (x 2) 15
x 2
(x 4) (x 2) 5
x 2
x2 2x 8 5
x 2
x2 4x
x2 2x 3
x 2
x 2
3
x2 2x 3
x2 4x 3
1
1
The excluded values occur when 2x 1 0 and

x 3 0.
2x 1 0 or x 3 0
2x 1
x 3
12.
x2
2x
x 7
x
14
7

2x 14
x 7
2(x 7)
x 7
2
Chapter 12
(x 6) (x 2) 15
x 2
x 2
12 15
x2 4x
The excluded values occur when x 2 0 and

x2 4x 3 0.
x 2 0 and
x2 4x 3 0
x2
(x 3)(x 1) 0
or x 1 0
x30
x 3
x 1
2x
3t
2
7.
t
3t
12u
Page 701
6.
2u
582
13.
n 3
2n 8
6n 24
2n 1
n 3
4)
2(n

14.
15.
(n 4)(n 5)
6n 18
4n 2
2(3n 9)
2(2n 1)
3n 9
2n 1
(n 4) (n 5) (2n)
n 4
x 3
7x 12
x2
z 2z 15
z2 9z 20
4n 56
n 14
3
x2 5x 6
3
(x 3) (x 2)
23.
(x 3)(x 2)
(x
x 3
4 ) (x 3 )
1
z 2z 15
1
x70
x7
z 3
4x2 11x 6
x2 x 6
x2 x 12
16
18.
(10z4
5z3
z2 )
5z3
(4x 3) (x 2 )
(x 3 ) (x 2 )
1
10z4
5z3
10z4
5z3
1
5z3
5z3
6
6 3y
(x 4 ) (x 3 )
4 ) (x 4)
(x
z2
5z

y2 2y 14y 28
7( y 2) ( y 2)

15
1
5z
y
6
3(y 2)
7(y 2)
y
2
y2
7(y 2)
y(y 2)
2(7) (y 2)
7(y 2) (y 2)
7(y 2) (y 2)

21.
x2 1
x 1
A2
1x 36 y 21x
A
y2
12
1x 36 y 21 (x y12) (x y) 2
3
3(x y)
2
or 2 (x y)
(x2 1) (x 1)
(x 1) (x 1)
x3 x2 x 1
(x 1) (x 1)
x3 x2 x 1
(x 1) (x 1)
x3 x2 x 1 x3 x2 x 1
(x 1) (x 1)
2x2 2x
(x 1) (x 1)
2x(x 1)
(x 1) (x 1)
2x
x 1
or 18
A2
(x2 1) (x 1)
(x 1) (x 1)
15
8
25. B; Area of triangle 2bh
x 5
6(x 2)
x2
2
x 5 6x 12
x 2
7x 17
x 2
x2 1
x 1
2 15(1)
3t 5t 15
8t 15
6x
1
It will take them 18 hours to rake a lawn.
y2 16y 28
2) (y 2)
x 5
x 2
1
1
t 3t
5
1
1
t 3t
5
t
7(y
20.
1 lawn
.
3 hr
Let t time for 1 lawn.
z2
5z3
1 lawn
.
5 hr
The rate Kalyn can rake a lawn is
5z3
1
or
24. The rate Scott can rake a lawn is
5z3 5z3
2z 1
19.
5x 14 0
(x 7) (x 2) 0
x20
x 2
4x 3
x 4
2z
y
7y 14
(1 x) (x 3) (x 2)
x 2
Since the value 2 gives a 0 in the denominator,

2 is an extraneous solution.
x2 8x
x2
(z 5 ) (z 3 )
(z 5 ) (z 4)
1 x
3 7x 14 x 3 x2 3x
x2 8x 16
x2 x 12
x 2
3 7(x 2) (1 x)(x 3)
(z 3) z2 9z 20 z 3
7(x 3) (x 2)
x 3
z4
4x2 11x 6
x2 x 6
x 1
x 2
7x 11 x2 2x 3
17.
7
3
7
x 3
x
1 (x 3)3(x 2) x 7 3 2 (x 3)(x 2) 11x 2x 2
3(x 3) (x 2)
(x 3) (x 2)
(x 8) (x 4 )
x 5
4(n 4) (n 5)
n 5
8n 40 4n 16
x 8
5
16.
1n 2n 4 22 (n 4)(n 5) 1n 4 5 2
2(n 4)(n 5)
x
2
4
5
2n2 10n 2n2 2n 40 4n 16
x 4x 32
x 5
2n
(n 5)(2n) 2(n 4)(n 5) 4(n 4)
5m 12
2m 310m2 9m 36
() 10m2 15m
24m 36
()24m 36
0
The quotient is 5m 12.
2
2n
n 4
22.
6(n 4)
2n 1
Pages 702703
1. D; Volume of a cylinder is r2h.
V (2.5) 2 (8)
157
2. B; Find the equation of the line.
Find the slope using points (3, 10) and (5, 14).
m
14 10
5 (3)
24
8
3
y mx b
10 (3)(3) b
1b
y 3x 1
583
Chapter 12
10. Let w width.

length 5 w
Area of playground w
750 (5 w)w
750 5w w2
2
w 5w 750 0
(w 30)(w 25) 0
or w 25 0
w 30 0
w 30
w 25
The width is 25 meters since measurements must
be positive. Therefore, the length is 5 25 or
30 meters.
11. Find the discriminant.
b2 4ac (24) 2 4(16)(9)
576 576
0
Since the discriminant is 0, the equation has one
real root.
3. B; The graph contains the points (0,8) and

(10, 0).
Find the slope.
0 (8)
10 0
10 5
y mx b
4
8 5 (0) b
8 b
4
x
5
y
5
4. A;
4
y 5x
4
y 5x
8
8
2 5(8)
5y 4x 40 or 4x 5y 40
y mx b
1 12
5 4 (12) b
53b
2b
12.
y 4x 2
x2 9
x3 x
x
3x
3
4y x 8 or x 4y 8
5. D; Find the equation of the line. Find the slope
using points (1, 0) and (0, 2)
m
2
1
13.
2
3(x 3)
x2 1
3x 9
x2 1
x
x 4
x
3x
3
x
3x
3
x2 16 x
4x
x
4
x
x
4

14. B; Plug x
1
x2 2x
1
y2 2y
1
8

7
12
1 2
4
1
4
x2 16
4x
(x 4 ) (x 4)
4x
x 4
4
or
1
x
4
1
and y 4 into both expressions.
1
2
12
1
4
1
(4) 2 2(4)
16
7
1
1
16
2
1
1
16
16
1
7
16
16
7
16 8 8
15. C; Simplify both expressions.

1500 120 1180 1720
15 100 14 5 136 5 1144 5
1015 215 615 1215
215
1125 145
125 5 19 5
515 315
215
215 215
16. A; Find the excluded value of both expressions.
32a 0
b60
a0
b 6
0 7 6
100
144(1 0.5) 20
144(0.5) 5
4.5
9. Let x miles driven on the third day.
350
630 x 1050
x 420
They drove 420 miles on the third day.
Chapter 12
(x 3 ) (x 3)
x (x2 1)
y mx b
0 2(1) b
2b
y 2x 2
Since the origin is not in the shaded area, the
inequality is y 2x 2.
6. B; Use elimination to solve the system of
equations.
3x y 2
() 2x y 8
5x
10
x 2
Substitute 2 for x in either equation.
3(2) y 2
y4
7. B; Let w width.
length / 2.5 w
Area of rectangle / w
9750 (2.5 w)w
9750 2.5 w2
8. C; y C(1 r) t
360 270 x
3
4 y 4x 4(2)
2 0
0 1
(x 3) (x 3)
x(x2 1)
1
y 4x 2
1
584
18a. The height increases.

18b. Sample answer: As the distance between the
bottom of the ladder and the base of the
building decreases, the height that the ladder
reaches increases.
18c. No; Sample answer: When the bottom of the
ladder is 6 feet from the base of the building, it
reaches a height of about 10.4 feet. When the
bottom of the ladder is 4 feet from the base of the
building, it reaches a height of about 11.3 feet. In
order to form an inverse variation 6 10.4 must
approximately equal 4 11.3. However,
6 10.4 63.6 and 4 11.3 45.2. Because the
products are not equal, this relationship does not
form an inverse variation.
17. D; Simplify both expressions.

5
3x
x 1
5(x 1)
3(x)
x1
x 1
5x 5 3x
x 1
8x 5
x 1
24y 15
3
3 (8y 5)
3
8y 5
y 1

24y 15
3
6y 6
6
6y 6
6
6( y
1
6
1)
Since x and y can be any number, the relationship

cannot be determined.
585
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Page 707
Statistics
not be representative of the voting population.
Since readers voluntarily write letters, this is a
voluntary response sample.
5. The sample is the work from 4 students. The
population is work from all students in the 1st
period math class. The sample is a biased sample
because students who raise their hands first may
be expected to do better work. Since the students
volunteer to have their work shown at the open
house, this is a voluntary sample.
6. The sample is 25 nails. The population is all nails
on the store shelves. This is a stratified random
sample. Each of the nails was randomly selected
from each of the 25 boxes.
7. The sample is 12 pencils. The population is all
pencils in the school store. This sample is a
biased sample, since all of the pencils came from
the same box. Since Namid grabbed the closest
box of pencils and 12 pencils from the top of the
box, it is a convenience sample.
Getting Started
1. Sample answer: If a 5 and b 2, then c 3.

However, 5 3.
2. Sample answer: It could be a yellow rose.
3. Sample answer: The speed limit could be 55 mph,
and Tara could be driving 50 mph.
4. Sample answer: 6 is even, but not divisible by 4.
5. Order the set: 1, 7, 9, 15, 25, 59, 63
Find the middle value: 1, 7, 9, 15 , 25, 59, 63
The median is 15.
6. Order the set: 0, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 8, 9, 10
Find the middle value:
0, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4 , 5, 7, 8, 8, 9, 10
The median is 4.
7. Order the set:
211, 218, 235, 317, 355, 395, 407, 407, 411, 726
Find the two middle values:
211, 218, 235, 317, 355 , 395 , 407, 407, 411, 726
Average the two middle values:
355 395
2
375
The median is 375.
Pages 711713
8.
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
9.
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
10.
3
11.
13-1 Sampling and Bias

Page 710
1. All three are unbiased samples. However, the

methods for selecting each type of sample are
different. In a simple random sample, a sample is
as likely to be chosen as any other from the
population. In a stratified random sample, the
population is first divided into similar,
nonoverlapping groups. Then a simple random
sample is selected from each group. In a
systematic random sample, the items are selected
according to a specified time or item interval.
2. A convenience sample is a biased sample that is
determined based on the ease with which it is
possible to gather the sample. A voluntary sample
is a biased sample composed of voluntary
responses.
3. Sample answer: Ask the members of the schools
football team to name their favorite sport.
4. The sample is a group of readers of the
newspaper. The population is all readers of the
newspaper. The sample is a biased sample
because readers of a particular newspaper may
Chapter 13
Practice and Apply
8. The sample is 3 sophomores. The population is all

sophomores in the school. The sample was
randomly selected from all sophomores in the
school, so the sample is unbiased. This is a simple
random sample, since each name was equally
likely to be chosen.
9. The sample is 20 shoppers. The population is all
shoppers. Since shoppers at a fast-food restaurant
are more likely to name the cola sold in the
restaurant as their preference, this sample is
biased. Since only shoppers outside the fast-food
restaurant were selected for the sample, it is a
convenience sample.
10. The sample is people who are home between
9 A.M. and 4 P.M. The population is all people in
the neighborhood. Since people who are home
during the weekdays may tend to behave
similarly, the sample is biased. Since people were
interviewed only during the typical work day, it is
a convenience sample.
11. The sample is 860 people from a state. The
population is all people in a state. The people are
chosen at random, so the sample is unbiased.
Since the people were selected by county, which is
a sub-division of a state, it is a stratified random
sample.
12. The sample is 10 scooters. The population is all
scooters manufactured on the particular
production line during one day. The sample is
biased because samples were collected only on one
day, and it is possible that more manufacturing
mistakes occur early in the morning and late in
the afternoon. Since the scooters were selected
early at the beginning of the day and at the end
of the day, the sample is a convenience sample.
586
22. We know that the results are from a national

survey conducted by Yankelovich Partners for
Microsoft Corporation.
23. Additional information needed includes how the
survey was conducted, how the survey
respondents were selected, and the number of
respondents.
24. Sample answer: Get a copy of the schools list of
students and call every 10th person on the list.
25. Sample answer: Get a copy of the list of registered
voters in the city and call every 100th person.
26. The graph shows four phrases with a percent
associated with each phrase. We can assume that
the percents indicate the percent of respondents
who said the indicated topic was discussed during
family dinners. Based on the sum of the percents,
respondents must have been able to choose or
state more than one topic. We do not know how
many respondents there were, whether the
respondents selected topics from a list of choices
or stated their own topics, whether there were
any restrictions that may have existed about the
topics, and the time period of the family dinners
considered in this survey (a night, a week, a
month, or more).
27. Sample answer: Randomly pick 5 rows from each
field of tomatoes and then pick a tomato every 50 ft along each row.
28. Sample answer: Every hour pull one infant seat
from the end of the assembly line for testing.
29. It is a good idea to divide the school population
into groups and to take a simple random sample
from each group. The problem that prevents this
from being a legitimate stratified random sample
is the way the three groups are formed. The three
groups probably do not represent all students.
The students who do not participate in any of
these three activities will not be represented in
the survey. Other students may be involved in
two or three of these activities. These students
will be more likely to be chosen for the survey.
30. Usually it is impossible for a company to test
every item coming off its production lines.
Therefore, testing a sample of these items is
helpful in determining quality control. Answers
Sample answer: An unbiased way to pick the
CDs to be checked is to take every 25th CD off
the production line.
Sample answer: A biased way to pick the CDs
to be checked is to take the first 5 CDs coming
off the production line in the morning.
31. B; The most accurate result would be achieved
through an unbiased, random sample of the
population in question. Choices A, C, and D result
in biased samples. Therefore, the correct answer
is B, which samples the appropriate population.
32. D; The most accurate result would be achieved
through an unbiased, random sample. Choices A,
B, and C result in biased samples. Therefore, the
correct answer is D.
13. The sample is 3 students. The population is all

students in Ms. Finches class. The sample is
unbiased since each students number was equally
likely to be selected. For the same reason, the
sample is a simple random sample.
14. The sample is an 8-oz jar of corn. The population
is all corn in the storage silo. The sample is
biased because it was selected from corn near or
at the surface of all corn in the silo, which is
unlikely to represent all the corn in the storage
silo. Since only corn that was easily accessible
was sampled, the sample is a convenience sample.
15. The sample is a group of U.S. district court
judges. The population is all U.S. district court
judges. Since every 20th number is selected, the
sample is unbiased. Since the population was
divided into 11 federal districts before the sample
was selected, the sample is a stratified random
sample.
16. The sample is a group of people who watch a
television station. The population is all people
who watch a television station. The sample is
biased because people who watch a particular
television station may be more likely to have
similar viewpoints about building the golf course.
Since viewers decide whether to call the 1900
number, the sample is a voluntary sample.
17. The sample is 4 U.S. Senators. The population is
all U.S. Senators. The sample is biased because
the Presidents four closest colleagues are more
likely to be members of his political party and
share his political viewpoints. Since the President
discussed issues with people who are easily
accessible, the sample is a convenience sample.
18. The sample is a handful of Bing cherries. The
population is all Bing cherries in the produce
department. The sample is biased since the
cherries were not randomly selected. Since the
manager selected cherries at the edge of one case,
this sample is a convenience sample.
19. The sample is a group of high-definition television
sets. The population is all high-definition
television sets manufactured on one line on
one shift. The sample is unbiased since the sets
were selected randomly. Since every 15th set was
selected, the sample is a systematic random
sample.
20. The sample is a group of employees. The population
is all employees of the company. The sample is
unbiased, because employees were selected at
random. Since one employee was selected from
each department, the sample is a stratified random
sample.
21. The sample is a group of readers of a magazine.
The population is all readers of the magazine. The
sample is biased because the readers of a
particular magazine may be more likely to select a
particular actor as their favorite. Since the
readers mailed their inputs to the magazines
office, the sample is a voluntary sample.
587
Chapter 13
Page 713
33.

41.
6b2
1
4
2 12y114 2
4
6
3 1
10
5
(12y ) 1 3y 2 (12y ) 1 2y 2 12y 1 4 2
12y
10
5
2y
3y
10
5
2y
3y
6b2 15 19b
19b 15 0
b

40 30 3y
10 3y
y
34.
r(r 4)
1
r(r 4) (3)
r 4
3
1
r
r 4
3
1
r
r 4
1
r
42.
r (r 4)
r
4m(m 3)
1
4m (m 3)
4m
1
2m
m3
4m
1
2m
m3
4m
44. (c 3)(c 7) c2 7c 3c 21
c2 10c 21
45. (x 4)(x 8) x2 8x 4x 32
x2 4x 32
46. 4.5 3.8 8.3
47. 16.9 7.21 24.11
48. 3.6 18.5 22.1
49. 7.6 3.8 3.8
50. 18 4.7 13.3
51. 13.2 0.75 12.45
4m(m 3)(2)
(m 3) 8m2 8m(m 3)
8m2 m 3 8m2 24m
25m 3
3
m 25
36.
2x 5
x
2x 5
6
2x 5
x
2x 5
x
6
x
2x

37.
a(a 12) 35
a 12
a 7
38.
t2
a2 12a 35
a 12
(a 5) (a 7)
(a 12) (a 7)
a 5
a 12
t 2
3
t
a 7
1
2
1
3
39. 516 3154 4124 516 319 6 414 6

516 916 816
2216 cm
40. x2 6x 40 0
x

Reading Mathematics
1a. This question will bias people toward answering

yes because it gives them a reason to think
that recycling will help alleviate a shortage in
resources.
1b. This question will bias people toward answering
no because most citizens are against the
government making laws that require certain
behaviors.
2a. This question is not biased. It does not influence
a person to answer one way or the other.
2b. This question will bias people toward answering
no because most people do not want taxes to
be raised.
3a. Sample answer: Since we had hamburgers at
the last party, would you prefer pizza for the
next party?
3b. Sample answer: Would you prefer hamburgers
or pizza for the class party?
6
5
t
t
Page 714
2x 5
6

(t 2) (t 2)
(t 3) (t 2)
9 1105
4
4.8, 0.3
2
4m(m 3) (2m)

m 3
(9) 2(9) 2 4(2) (3)

2(2)
43. (y 5)(y 7) y2 7y 5y 35
y2 12y 35
2 4m(m 3)(2)
d
3r (r 4) r 4
2r 4 r 4
r8
35.
19 11
12
19 1
12
20 18
, 12
12
2
1
13, 12
2d 9d 3
2d2 9d 3 0
r (r 4)
r

1
33
2 r(r 4) 11r 2
10
3
(19) 2(19) 2 4(6) (15)

2(6)
(6) 2(6) 2 4(1) (40)

2(1)
13-2 Introduction to Matrices
6 1196
2
6 14
2
Page 717718
10, 4
1. A 2-by-4 matrix has 2 rows and 4 columns, and a

4-by-2 matrix has 4 rows and 2 columns.
2. Sample answer:
2 3 1
3
2
1 6 6
c
d c
d
5 6 2 5
4 7 6 14
Chapter 13
588
3. Estrella; Hiroshi did not multiply each element of

the matrix by 5.
4. 3 by 3; first row, second column
5. 1 by 4; first row, first column
6. 4 by 1; third row, first column
7. 3 by 2; first row, second column
8. A is a 2 2 matrix, while C is a 1 2 matrix. To
add matrices, the matrices must have the same
dimension. Therefore, it is impossible to perform
A C.
9. B A c
15 14
20 10
d c
d
10
6
12
19
c
15 20 14 (10)
d
10 12
6 19
c
5
24
d
22 13
10. 2A 2 c
c
0 0
26. 0 8
0 4
1
5
9
12
7 16
27. A B 0 4 2
5 10
13
3
7
6
20 11
8
2(10)
d
2(19)
40 20
d
24
38
11. 4C 4[5 7]
[4(5) 4(7) ]
[20 28]
12 10
F 11
8
14
8
3
13
8, R 1
10
8
12
5
11
11
11
8
6
10 , N 1
8 11
2
10 15 11
3
13 12 11
11
8 1
5 10 1
10
8 11
2
10
12 13 11
11 1 1
14 8 10
36 30
13 21
32 34
10 12 8
858
8 11 15
8
6
8 11
15 11
3 11 6
8 10 11
10 2 11
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
2
3
3
2
3
4
2
2
25. c
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
2;
2;
1;
3;
3;
2;
3;
2;
34 91 63
52
9 70
d c
d
81 79 60
49 8 45
c
34 (52)
81 (49)
91 9 63 70
d
79 (8) 60 45
c
18 100 133

d
32
71 105
34 91 63
52
9 70
d c
d
81 79 60
49 8 45
c
34 (52)
81 (49)
91 9 63 70
d
79 (8) 60 45
c
86 82 7
d
130 87 15
12
7 16
1
5
9
5 10
13 0 4 2
20 11
8
3
7
6
12 (1)
75
16 9
5 0 10 (4) 13 (2)
20 3
11 7
86
11 2
5 14
17 4
25
15
2
1
5
9
31. 5A 5 0 4 2
3
2
6
20
29
23
5(1)
5(0)
5(3)
15. The total sales for the weekend

16. The greatest number in the matrix is 36, which
represents small, thin crust pizzas. Therefore,
small, thin crust pizzas had the most sales over
the entire weekend.
Pages 718721
13 12 7
5
6 11
23 18 14
30. B A
13. No; the corresponding elements are not equal.

14. T F R N
12 10
11
8
14
8
29. C D c
c
12.
1 (12)
5 7 9 (16)
0 5 4 10
2 13
3 20
7 11
68
28. C D c
20 10
d
12
19
2(20)
2(12)
5(5)
5(4)
5(2)
5(9)
5(2)
5(6)
5
25
45
0 20 10
15
10
30
32. 2C 2 c
Practice and Apply
first row, first column

second row, first column
third row, first column
second row, second column
second row, third column
fourth row, first column
second row, third column
second row, first column
34 91 63
d
81 79 60
c
2(34)
2(81)
c
68 182 126
d
162 158 120
2(91)
2(79)
2(63)
d
2(60)
2 1 1
d
1 5 1
589
Chapter 13
41. 2F V S C
1
5
9
34 91 63
d
33. A C 0 4 2 c
81 79 60
3
7
6
2[70 6 3 0.8] [70 2 2 0.3] [160 0 0 0]

[185 2 11 3.9]
[2(70) 2(6) 2(3) 2(0.8)] [70 2 2 0.3]
[160 0 0 0] [185 2 11 3.9]
[140 70 160 185 12 2 0 2 6 2 0
11 1.6 0.3 0 3.9]
[555 16 19 5.8]
Since the matrices do not have the same

dimension, it is impossible to add them.
34. B D
12
7 16
52
9 70
5 10
13 c
d
49 8 45
20 11
8
18
42. N 24
17
Since the matrices do not have the same

dimension, it is impossible to add them.
35. 2B A 2

12 7 16
1
5
9
5 10
13 0 4 2
20 11
8
3
7
6
2(12)
2(5)
2(20)
2(16)
1
2(13) 0
2(8)
3
2(7)
2(10)
2(11)
43. 1.20
44.
5
9
4 2
7
6
4(1)
4(0)
4(3)
12
7
5 10
20 11
45.
16
13
8
4 (12)
20 7 36 (16)
0 5 16 10
8 13
12 20
28 11
24 8
8
5
8
37.
38.
2C 3D 2 c
34
81
13
52
26 21
17
16
2(34)
2(81)
c
68
162
c
68 (156)
162 (147)
c
224 155 84

d
309 182 15
5D 2C 5 c
2(91)
2(79)
182
158
2(63)
3(52)
d c
2(60)
3(49)
3(9)
3(8)
3(70)
d
3(45)
126
156
27 210
d c
d
120
147 24 135
182 27 126 210
d
158 (24) 120 135
52
9 70
34 91
d 2c
49 8 45
81 79
c
5(52)
5(49)
c
260
45 350
68
d c
225 40 225
162
c
260 68
45 182
225 162 40 158
5(9)
5(8)
63
d
60
5(70)
2(34)
d c
5(45)
2(81)
182
158
2(91)
2(79)
2(63)
d
2(60)
126
d
120
350 126
d
225 120
331
304
325
343
1.20(32)
1.20(45)
1.20(26)
1.20(24)
1.20(47)
1.20(30)
1.20(21)
1.20(25)
1.20(28)
38 29 25
54 56 30
31 36 34
4135
3840
4353
4436
26
24
41
36
15
571
14
473
T, B D
13
347
15
533
4135
3840
4353
4436
26
24
41
36
15
571
14
473
TD
13
347
15
533
533 571
515 473
D
499 347
571 533
331 357
304 284
325 235
343 324
1104
988
D
846
1104
8548
7270
7782
8166
51. C; Since c
192 227 476

c
d
63 118 345
39. V [70 2 2 0.3], S [160 0 0 0],

C [185 2 11 3.9]
40. 2F 2[ 70 6 3 0.8]
[2(70) 2(6) 2(3) 2(0.8) ]
[ 140 12 6 1.6]
Chapter 13
331
304
325
343
1.20(28)
1.20(30)
1.20(19)
357
284
235
324
4413
3430
3429
3730
33
28
21
19
15
11
T
18
18
688
588
560
667
59
52
62
55
357
284
235
324
4413
3430
3429
3730
4135 4413 26 33
3840 3430 24 28
4353 3429 41 21
4436 3730 36 19
33
28
21
19
15
11
T
18
18
15 15
14 11
T
13 18
15 18
30
25
T
31
33
48. the total of the passing statistics for the 1999 and
2000 seasons
49a. sometimes
49b. always
49c. sometimes
49d. sometimes
49e. sometimes
49f. sometimes
50. Matrices can be used to organize data that can be
displayed in a rectangular array of numbers.
Answers should include the following:
A table is a rectangular array of numbers with
headings to indicate what each row and
column represents. A matrix is just the
rectangular array of numbers.
Sample answer: The grades from each of five
different tests for each student in a math class
can be organized in a matrix.
91 63
52
9 70
d
d 3c
79 60
49 8 45
c
533
515
499
571
533
515
D
499
571
4
20 36
12
7 16
0 16 8
5 10
13
12
28 24
20 11
8

AD
21
25
28
46. 4 by 5, 4 by 5
47. T A B
4(9)
12
7 16
4(2)
5 10
13
4(6)
20 11
8
4(5)
4(4)
4(7)
28 32 24
30 45 47
19 26 30
22 34
29 36
20 23
25 19 23
10 16
24
43 29
22
1
18
rN 1.20 24
17
1.20(18)
1.20(24)
1.20(17)
24 14 32
1
5
9
10 20
26 0 4 2
40 22
16
3
7
6
36. 4A B 4 0 4 2
28 32 24 21
30 45 47 25
19 26 30 28
590
1 3 5
2 7 0
d c
d
7 2 0
13 1 8
c
1 2 3 7 5 0
d
7 (13) 2 1 0 8
c
3
6
4 5
d
1 8
65. a1 4, n 5, r 2
52. B; When adding two matrices, one must add each

of the corresponding elements. If M N M, the
0 0
d.
only way the equation is true is if N c
0 0
53. c
0.7
1.6
17
54. c
12.1
55. c
5.3
2.4
0.4
4
2.3
d
2.4
66.
67.
68.
4.6
3.9
d
13.5 14.3
12.4
7.7
21.1
d
4
69.
14.22 9.72 12.24

56. c
d
10.62 7.92 13.86
57. c
3.92
3.12
0.48
2.04
Page 721
2.08
d
3.6
70.
58. The sample is 10 calendars.

59. Since the calendars examined each day are not
selected randomly, the sample is biased. The
sample is a convenience sample because the last
10 calendars printed each day are examined.
60. a (a 1)
Page 721
1a 4 1 a3 2 a (a 1)(1)
13x x 4x 3 2 x (x 3)(4)
3(x 3) x(4x) 4x(x 3)

3x 9 4x2 4x2 12x
15x 9
9
x 15 or 5
62.
2(d 5) (d 9)
1dd 35 d 2 9 2 2(d 5) (d 9) 12d 5 10 2
2(d 3) (d 9) 2 2(d 5) 5(d 9)

2(d2 6d 27) 4(d 5) 5d 45
2d2 12d 54 4d 20 5d 45
2d2 13d 11 0
(2d 11) (d 1) 0
d
11
,
2
Practice Quiz 1
1. The sample is half of the households in a

neighborhood. The population is all households in
a neighborhood. Since each household is selected
randomly, the sample is unbiased. The sample is
a systematic random sample since every second
household is surveyed.
2. The sample is half of the households in a
neighborhood. Sample answer: voters in the state.
Since the sample was not randomly drawn from
all voters in the state, it is a biased sample. The
sample is a convenience sample because only
households in a particular neighborhood are
surveyed.
5 7
8
3
d c
d
3. c
4 9
1
0
4a 3(a 1) a (a 1)
4a 3a 3 a2 a
a 3 a2 a
0 a2 2a 3
0 (a 3)(a 1)
a 3, 1
61. x (x 3)
Since an a1 r(n1)
a 4 (2) (51)
5
4 (16)
64
b2 7b 12 (b 3)(b 4)
a2 2ab 3b2 (a b)(a 3b)
Since the trinomial d2 8d 15 cannot be
factored, it is prime.
Sample answer: Megan saved steadily from
January to June. In July, she withdrew money to
go on vacation. She started saving again in
September. Then in November, she withdrew
money for holiday presents.
In this graph, the domain is the months of the
year. The range is the amount of money in
Megans bank account.
4. c
d 5.5, 1
63. a1 4, n 5, r 3
Since an a1 r(n1)
c
8 5 3 (7)
d
4 (1)
9 0
c
3 4
d
5 9
7 2 8
9 6 4
d c
d
1 3 2
5 3 1
c
9 7 6 (2)
1 5 3 (3)
c
16 8 4
d
6 6
1
5. 3 c
(3) (51)
a5 (4)
4 81
324
64. a1 2, n 3, r 7
Since an a1 r(n1)
48
d
21
8 3 4
5
d
6 1
2 10
c
3(8)
3(6)
c
24 9 12 15
d
18 3
6 30
3(3)
3(1)
3(4)
3(2)
3(5)
d
3(10)
a3 (2) (7) (31)

(2) 49
98
591
Chapter 13
12. For the men, the graph represents 5 6 4 2

17 values. So, the median of the data is the 9th
value, which occurs in the range 220240
rebounds. For the women, the graph represents
1 2 5 5 1 1 15 values, so the median
of the data is the 8th value, which falls in the
range 240260 rebounds. The mens rebounding
data show a vast majority of values are between
200 and 240 rebounds. The womens rebounding
data are somewhat symmetrical. The top two
women have more rebounds than any of the men.
13. The graph representing age at inauguration has
8 24 9 41 values. The median of the data is
the 21st value, which occurs in the range
5060 years. The graph representing age at death
has 2 5 12 11 5 2 37 values. The
median of the data is the 19th value, which occurs
in the range 6070 years. Both distributions show
a symmetrical shape. The two distributions differ
in their spread. The inauguration ages are not
spread out as much as the death ages data.
14. Sample answer:
Histograms
13-3
Page 725
1. First identify the greatest and least values in the

data set. Use this information to determine
appropriate measurement classes. Using these
measurement classes, create a frequency table.
Then draw the histogram. Always remember to
label the axes and give the histogram a title.
2. 50
v 6 60
3. Sample answer:
1, 1, 2, 4, 5, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 22, 24, 41
4. $200250
5. There are no gaps. The data are somewhat
symmetrical.
6. In Group A, there are 31 values, so the median
value is the 16th. It falls in the 4045 range. In
Group B, there are 26 values, so the median value
is the average between the 13th and 14th values.
It also falls in the 4045 range.
7. The Group A test scores are somewhat more
symmetrical in appearance than the Group B test
scores. There are 25 of 31 scores in Group A that are
40 or greater, while only 14 of 26 scores in Group B
are 40 or greater. Also, Group B has 5 scores that
are less than 30. Therefore, we can conclude that
Group A performed better overall on the test.
8. Sample answer:
Semester Scoring
Average in Mathematics Class
Frequency
8
6
4
2
0
7075
8
6
4
2
0
75- 80- 85- 90- 9580 85 90 95 100

Weighted Average
15. Sample answer:
Raisins Counted
in Snack-Size Boxes
30- 40- 50- 60- 70- 8040 50 60 70 80 90
Passengers (millions)
Frequency
Frequency
Passenger Traffic at
U.S. Airports, 2000
9. B; The graph represents 32 employees, which

means that the median is the average of the 16th
and 17th values. Those values both fall in the
$3040 thousand range, so the median of the data
falls between $30,000 and $40,000. The statement
that is not correct is answer choice B.
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
50- 6060 70
70- 80- 90- 10080 90 100 110
Number of Raisins in a Box
Pages 726728
Practice and Apply
16. Sample answer:
10. The median occurs at the average of the 10th and

11th values. So it falls in the range 350600
thousand. There is a gap between 1100 and
1600 thousand. The histogram is highly skewed to
the left, with a vast majority of the data values in
the lowest measurement class. Over half of the
top 20 newspapers have circulations between 350
and 600 thousand.
11. The graph represents 8 5 3 4 3 1 24
values. So, the median of the data is the average
of the 12th and 13th values, so it is 34003800
championship points. There are no gaps. The data
appear to be skewed to the left.
Chapter 13
Frequency
Payrolls for Major League Baseball Teams

in 2000
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
median $54,000,000
10- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- 70- 80- 90- 100- 11020 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
Team Payroll (millions of dollars)
592
27. Sample answer:
17. Sample answer: See graph above.

18. The data has 50 values, so the median is the
average between the 25th and 26th value in the
ordered set. The median, then, is
54.07 53.66
2
53.865.
19. Sample answer:
Percent of Eligible Voters

Who Voted in the
2000 Presential Election
28. Sample answer:
Frequency
15
12
9
6
3
0
40- 45- 50- 55- 60- 6545 50 55 60 65 70
29. Sample answer:
Percent Eligible Voters Who Voted
Frequency
20. Sample answer: There are no gaps. The data are

somewhat symmetrical.
22. Sample answer:
4
30. A is a 3 3 matrix. B is a 2 3 matrix. It is

impossible to add these matrices.
7 5 2
2
3 7
31. C A 0
0 3 0 4 6
1
4 6
1 5 4
0
15- 20- 25- 30- 3520 25 30 35 40
4045
4550
5055
5560
6065
23. Histograms can be used to show how many states

have a median within various intervals. Answers
A histogram is more visual than a frequency
table and can show trends easily.
9 8 5
0
4 3
2
9
2
Frequency
Year 2000 State Mean SAT

Mathematics Scores
20
15
10
5
0
7 (2)
5 3 2 7
0 0 0 (4) 3 6
1 1 4 (5) 6 4
32. 2B 2 c
480- 500- 520- 540- 560- 580- 600500 520 540 560 580 600 620
Score
8 1 1
d
2 3 7
c
2(8)
2(2)
c
16 2
4 6
2(1)
2(3)
2(1)
d
2(7)
2
d
14
2
3 7
33. 5A 5 0 4 6
1 5 4
24. C; According to the graph, the number of

employees represented in the graph is
9 12 11 6 6 2 46 employees.
25. B; The data has 46 values. The median is the
average of the 23rd and 24th values. Therefore,
the median falls in the range 46 days absent.
26. Sample answer:
5(2)
5(0)
5(1)
5(3)
5(4)
5(5)
5(7)
5(6)
5(4)
10 15 35
0
20 30
5
25 20
34. Since each CD player has an equal chance of
being selected, the sample is unbiased. The CD
players are selected at a regular time interval, so
the sample is a systematic random sample.
593
Chapter 13
35.
36.
s
s 7
s 5
7
s
s
s
7
s
s
5
2m2 7m 15
m 2
Find the middle values:

1.6, 2.1, 3.901 , 5.21 , 7.4, 13.9
Average the values:
2m 3
m2 5m 6
43. Order the set: 1.6, 2.1, 3.901, 5.21, 7.4, 13.9
s 7
5
s
(m 2) (m 3)
2m 3
1
(m 5)(m 3)
Page 730
37. 1y 3 5 9
1y 3 4
y 3 16
y 13
Check:
4.56
The median is about 4.56.
(2m 3) (m 5)
m 2
3.901 5.21
2

1. To make a scatterplot, enter the x values in L1

and the y values in L2. Use STAT PLOT to graph
the scatter plot. Use ZOOM
1(13) 3 5 9
9 to graph.
116 5 9
?
459
99
38. 1x 2 x 4
x 2 x2 8x 16
0 x2 9x 18
0 (x 6) (x 3)
x 6, 3
Check:
The graph appears to be an exponential regression.

To find the coefficient of determination, select
1(6) 2 (6) 4
ExpReg on the
14 6 4
22
STAT
KEYSTROKES: STAT
CALC menu.
0 ENTER
R2
0.9969724389
1(3) 2 (3) 4
?
11 1
1 1
x 3 is an extraneous solution.
the scatter plot. Use ZOOM
9 to graph.
39. 13 12w 5
169 2w 5
174 2w
87 w
Check:
13 12(87) 5
?
13 1174 5
The graph appears to be a linear regression.

13 1169
13 13
40. Order the set: 2, 4, 7, 9, 12, 15
Find the middle values: 2, 4, 7 , 9 , 12, 15
Average the values:
7 9
2
16
2
LinReg(ax b) on the
KEYSTROKES: STAT
8 10
2
CALC menu.
4 ENTER
R2 0.9389164209
or 8
The median is 8.
41. Order the set: 1, 3, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 7
Find the middle values: 1, 3, 6, 8 , 10 , 12, 15, 17
Average the values:
STAT
the scatter plot. Use ZOOM 9 to graph.
9
The median is 9.
42. Order the set: 2, 4, 7, 7, 9, 19
Find the middle values: 2, 4, 7 , 7 , 9, 19
Average the values:
7 7
2
7
The median is 7.
The graph appears to be a linear regression.

LinReg(ax b) on the
KEYSTROKES: STAT
R2 0.9974802029
Chapter 13
594
STAT
CALC menu.
4 ENTER

13-4 Measures of Variation
the scatter plot. Use ZOOM 9 to graph.
Pages 733734
The graph appears to be a quadratic regression.

QuadReg on the
STAT
KEYSTROKES: STAT
1. Sample answer:
1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 15 and 1, 2, 4, 5, 9, 9, 10
2. Outliers may make the mean much greater or
much less than the mean of the data excluding
the outliers.
3. Alonso; the range is the difference between the
greatest and the least values of the set.
4. Range: 85 25 60
median
CALC menu.
678
5 ENTER
25 58 59 62 67 69 69 73 75 76 77 77 82 85
64748
c
c
6973
Q2 2 71 Q3
Q1
R2 0.97716799
5. Enter the year in L1 and the cost in L2. Use
STAT PLOT to graph the scatter plot. Use
d Q Q IQR 77 62 15 S
3
ZOOM 9 to graph.
To find the outliers:

Q1 1.5(IQR) 62 1.5(15)
39.5
Q3 1.5(IQR) 77 1.5(15)
99.5
The data set consists of one value which is less
than 39.5 or greater than 99.5. Therefore, 25 is
the only outlier.
5. Range: 11.9 7.3 4.6
6. Find the coefficient of determination for linear,

quadratic, and exponential regression. Choose the
equation whose coefficient of determination is
closest to 1.
Linear: Select LinReg(ax b) on the STAT CALC
menu.
R2 0.9312567132
Quadratic: Select QuadReg on the STAT CALC
menu.
R2 0.9880773362
Exponential: Select ExpReg on the STAT CALC
menu.
R2 0.9624472328
The value of R2 is closest to 1 for the quadratic
regression. The regression equation is
8.7 9.4
9.05
2
10.0 10.1
Q :
10.05
2
3
8.0 8.0
Q1:
8.0
2
Median:
IQR Q Q
3
1
10.05 8.0
2.05
Q1 1.5(IQR) 8 1.5(2.05)
4.925
Q3 1.5(IQR) 10.05 1.5(2.05)
13.125
The data set has no values less than 4.925 or
greater than 13.125, so it has no outliers.
6. Range: 21 1 20 runs
7. There are 54 values in the data set, so the median
is the average of the 27th and 28th values. The
y 0.4107142857x2 1645.696429x 1,648,561.

The coefficient of determination is
R2 0.9880773362.
7. Use the quadratic regression equation with
x 2004.
5 5
median, then, is 2 5 runs.

8. The lower quartile is the 14th value, 4 runs. The
upper quartile is the 41st value, 10 runs.
9. IQR Q Q
3
1
y 0.4107142857x2 1645.696429x 1,648,561

y 0.4107142857(2004) 2 1645.696429(2004)
1,648,561
y 20.5
The cost in 2004 is expected to be about 20.5.
8. No; the price will start to increase using the
quadratic model.
9. An exponential model may be more appropriate
for predicting cost beyond 2003, since it will
continue the pattern of decreasing prices where
the annual decrease is getting smaller.
10 4
4 runs.
595
Chapter 13
14. The greatest number is 5.3. The least number is

1. The range is 5.3 1 4.3.
Order the set:
10. To find the outliers:

Q1 1.5(IQR) 4 1.5(4)
2
Q 1.5(IQR) 10 1.5(4)
3
16 runs
The data set has no values less than 2, but it
does have two values greater than 16 runs. The
two values greater than 16 are 17 runs and
21 runs, which are outliers.
Pages 734736
Q1
Q2
108 S
d 41 1.5(11.5)
58.25 S
30.6
d IQR 30.9 30.05 0.85 S
d 30.9 1.5(0.85)
32.175 S
65 68
2
84 88
2
66.5
86
8.65 6.35
2.3
6.35 1.5(2.3) 2.9
8.65 1.5(2.3) 12.1
Since the data set has no values less than 2.9 and
no values greater than 12.1, it has no outliers.
Since the data set has no values less than 28.775

or greater than 32.175, the set has no outliers.
Chapter 13
7.15 S
221 202
19
202 1.5(19) 173.5
221 1.5(19) 249.5
and no values greater than 249.5, it has no outliers.
17. The greatest value in the set is 11.7. The least value
in the set is 5.0. The range is 11.7 5.0 6.7.
The data set has 25 values, so the median is the
13th value, or 7.6. The lower quartile is the
average of the 6th and 7th values, which is
6.3 6.4
6.35. The upper quartile is the average
2
8.5 8.8
of the 19th and 20th values, or
8.65.
2
IQR Q Q
3
1
30.8 31.0
28.775 S
d 4.15 1.5(2)
86 66.5
19.5
66.5 1.5(19.5) 37.25 86 1.5(19.5) 115.25
or greater than 115.25, it has no outliers.
16. The greatest value in the set is 232. The least value
in the set is 193. The range is 232 193 39.
10th value, or 218. The lower quartile is the 5th
value, or 202. The upper quartile is the 15th
value, or 221.
IQR Q Q
3
1
30.05 median Q 3
30.9
Q1
2
2
144
4442444443 T
144442444443
29.9
30.0
30.1
30.5
30.7
30.8
31.0
31.0
6447448
30.5 30.7
Q
2
2
d 30.05 1.5(0.85)
3.1
IQR Q Q
3
1

or greater than 58.25, the set has no outliers.
13. The greatest number is 31.0. The least number is
29.9. The range is 31.0 29.9 1.1.
Order the set:
30.0 30.1
3 3.2
2
0.85 S
Q3
d IQR 41 29.5 11.5 S

12.25 S
4.15
d 2.15 1.5(2)
Q
1
Since the data set has no values less than 32 and

no values greater than 108, the data set has no
outliers.
12. The greatest number is 42. The least number is
28. The range is 44 28 16.
Order the set:
median
T
28 28 29 30 31 34 37 38 39 40 42 42 44
6447448
6447448
c
29 30
40 42
Q1
29.5 Q2 Q3
41
2
2
d 29.5 1.5(11.5)
3.4 4.9
2

15. The greatest value is 99. The least value is 53.
The range is 99 53 46.
The data set has 16 values. The median is the
77 77
average of the 8th and 9th values, or
77.
2
d IQR 79.5 60.5 19 S
32 S
Q
3
d IQR 4.15 2.15 2 S
11. The greatest number is 92. The least number is

55, the range is 92 55 37.
Order the set:
median
T
55
58
59
62
67
69
73
75
77 77 82 448
85 92
644474
4448
6444744
c
62 59
77 82
60.5 Q2 Q3
79.5
Q1
2
2
d 79.5 1.5(19)
2.15 median
6447448 T 144424443
1
2
2.3
3
3.2
3.4
4.9
5.3
6474
8
Practice and Apply
d 60.5 1.5(19)
2 2.3
2
596
29. The greatest value for a cable-stayed bridge is

1630 ft. The least value for a cable-stayed bridge
is 630 ft. The range for cable-stayed bridges is
1630 630 1,000 ft. The greatest value for a
steel-arched bridge is 1700 ft. The least value for
a steel-arched bridge is 730 ft. The range for
steel-arched bridges is 1700 730 970 ft.
30. For cable-stayed bridges:
1000 1000
Median:
1000 ft
2
18. The greatest value in the set is 6.8. The least value
in the set is 0.0. The range is 6.8 0.0 6.8.
average of the 10th and 11th values, or
2.6 3.3
2.95. The lower quartile is the average
2
1.7 1.9
1.8. The
of the 5th and 6th values, or
2
upper quartile is the average of the 15th and 16th
3.9 4.0
values, or
3.95.
2
IQR Q3 Q1
3.95 1.8
2.15
1.8 1.5(2.15) 1.425
3.95 1.5(2.15) 7.175

19. The greatest value on the chart is 588,641 visitors.
The least value on the chart is 117,080. The range
is 588,641 117,080 471,561 visitors.
20. Order the data:
117,080
123,947 138,600 155,533 167,552 242,938
343,149
395,604 465,978 474,082 571,775 588,641
31.
Average the middle two values to find the median:
21.
242,938 343,149
293,043.5 visitors
2
138,600 155,533
Q
147,066.5 visitors
2
1
465,978 474,082
Q
470,030 visitors
2
3
32.
22. IQR Q3 Q1
470,030 147,066.5 322,963.5 visitors
23. To find any outliers:
Q1 1.5(IQR) 147,066.5 1.5(322,963.5)
337,378.75
Q3 1.5(IQR) 470,030 1.5(322,963.5)
954,475.25
Since the set has no data less than 337,378.75
or greater than 954,475.25, there are no outliers.
The range of the data is 304 9 295 Calories.
25. Order the data:
9
9 10 13 14 17 17 17 20 25 28
30 35 60 60 66 89 304.
The median is the average of the middle two
20 25
values:
22.5 Calories.
2
33.
26. Q 14 Calories, Q 60 Calories

1
3
27. IQR Q Q
3
1
60 14
46 Calories
28. To find any outliers:
Q1 1.5(IQR) 14 1.5(46)
55
Q3 1.5(IQR) 60 1.5(46)
129
The set has no values less than 55 Calories, but
one value, 304, that is greater than 129 Calories.
The outlier is 304 Calories (avocado).
34.
597
Q 760 ft
1
Q3 1280 ft
For steel-arch bridges:
Median: 980 ft
Q1 820 ft
Q3 1100 ft
For cable-stayed bridges:
IQR Q3 Q1
1280 760
520 ft
For steel-arch bridges:
IQR Q3 Q1
1100 820
280 ft
To find outliers for cable-stayed bridges:
Q1 1.5(IQR) 760 1.5(520)
20 ft
Q3 1.5(IQR) 1280 1.5(520)
2060 ft
Since the set has no values less than 20 ft and
no values greater than 2060 ft, there are no
outliers among the cable-stayed bridges.
To find the outliers for steel-arch bridges:
Q1 1.5(IQR) 820 1.5(280)
400 ft
Q 1.5(IQR) 1100 1.5(280)
3
1520 ft
The set has no values less than 400 ft, but it does
have two values1650 and 1700greater than
1520 ft. There are two outliers1650 ft and
1700 ftamong the steel-arch bridges.
Although the range of the cable-stayed bridges is
only somewhat greater than the range of the
steel-arch bridges, the interquartile range of the
cable-stayed bridges is much greater than the
interquartile range of the steel-arch bridges. The
outliers of the steel-arch bridges make the ranges
of the two types of bridges similar, but in general,
the data for steel-arch bridges are more clustered
than the data for the cable-stayed bridges.
The median, lower quartile, and upper quartile
will each decrease by 2 in., since all values will
decrease by 2 in. The range and interquartile
range will remain the same, since the difference
between values will not increase.
Chapter 13
35. Measures of variation can be used to discuss how

much the weather changes during the year.
The range of temperatures is used to discuss
the change in temperatures for a certain area
during the year, and the interquartile range is
used to discuss the change in temperature
during the moderate 50% of the year.
The monthly temperatures of the local area
listed with the range and interquartile range
of the data.
36. B; The greatest value in the set is 65. The least
value is 40. The range is 65 40 25.
37. A; Order the set:
1 2 3 7 8 9 14 15 18 24
Average the two middle values to find the median:
8 9
2
45.
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
46.
10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
47.
20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
Page 736
8.5
Page 736
38. Sample answer:

Data
3035
3540
4045
4550
5055
5560
6065
The median is
Frequency
2
6
2
5
0
0
3
4
2
0
3540
4045
4550
5055
5560
6065
39. 1 by 3; first row, first column

40. 3 by 2; third row, second column
41. 2 by 4; second row, second column
42.
15a
39a2
13-5
1
3a 5
3a 13a
t 3
t2 7t 12

1
t
m 3
m2 9
1
t 3
(t 3) (t 4)
1
;
4
1
m 3
(m 3) (m 3 )
1
m 3;
m2 9 (m 3)(m 3)
or m 3 0
m30
m 3
m3
Chapter 13
1. The extreme values are 10 and 50. The quartiles

are 15, 30, and 40. There are no outliers.
2. The scale must include the least and greatest
values.
3. Sample answer:
2, 8, 10, 11, 11, 12, 13, 13, 14, 15, 16
t2 7t 12 (t 3)(t 4)
t 3 0 or t 4 0
t3
t4
44.
1075.
Box-and-Whisker Plots
Pages 739740
13a; excluded value is 0

43.
1075 1075
2
Q1 1025
Q3 1125
IQR Q3 Q1
1125 1025
100
5. To find the outliers:
Q 1.5(IQR) 1025 1.5(100)
1
875
Q 1.5(IQR) 1125 1.5(100)
3
1275
The set has one value, 835, less than 875 and no
values greater than 1275. The set has one
outlier835.
3035
Practice Quiz 2
1. There are 4 7 6 2 19 values in the data

set. As a result, the median occurs at the 10th
value. The median occurs in the $1020 range.
2. There is a gap in the $30$40 measurement class.
Most of the books cost less than $30. The
distribution is skewed to the left.
The range of the data is 1175 835 340.
4. Order the set:
835
975 1005 1025 1050 1055 1075
1075 1095 1100 1125 1125 1145 1175
598
4. Step 1
6. Step 1 Determine the quartiles and outliers for

each set of data.
A:
17 18 22 22 24 26 28 31 32
c
c
c
Q1 20 Q2 24
Q3 29.5
B:
23 24 27 27 28 30 30 32 45
c
c
c
Q1 25.5 Q2 28 Q3 31
Set B has one outlier, 45.
Step 2 Draw the box-and-whisker plots using
the same number line.
Determine the quartiles and any outliers.

Order the data from least to greatest.
Use this list to determine the quartiles.
15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 22, 24, 24, 28, 30
Q
2
22 22
2
22
Q1 17
Q3 24
Determine the interquartile range.
IQR Q3 Q1
24 17
7
Check to see if there are any outliers.
17 1.5(7) 6.5
24 1.5(7) 34.5
There are no values less than 6.5 or
greater than 34.5. There are no outliers.
Step 2 Draw a number line.
15 17
22 24
A
B
30
16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46
The B data have a greater range than

the A data. However, if you exclude the
one outlier in the B data, the B data are
less diverse than the A data.
each set.
A:
14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
Step 3
Complete the box-and-whisker plot.
14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
5. Step 1
Determine the quartiles and any outliers.

Order the data from least to greatest.
Use this list to determine the quartiles.
64 65 66 66 67 67 68 69 71 74
Q
2
67 67
2
8 11.4
14 14
c
Q1 14
67
66 67
69
71
64
66
68
70
Step 2 Draw the box-and-whisker plots using

the same number line.
A
B
8
10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
The A data are more diverse than the

B data.
the data.
74
72
452 467 472 524 559 573 620 678 693 1397
Q1 472
74
66
68
70
72
c
Q2 566
c
Q3 678
The data has one outlier, 1397.

Step 2 Draw the box-and-whisker plot for the
data.
64
16.7 19 24
c
Q3 16.7
13 14 15 15.8 16 16 18 20
c
c
c
Q1 13 Q2 15.4 Q3 16
Step 3
15.5 16
c
Q2 15.25
B:
9 12
Q1 66
Q3 69
IQR Q3 Q1
69 66
3
66 1.5(3) 61.5
69 1.5(3) 73.5
The set has no values less than 61.5 and
one value, 74, greater than 73.5. It is the
only outlier.
Step 2 Draw a number line.
64
15
74
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400
Million Dollars
599
Chapter 13
9. Most of the data are spread fairly evenly from

about $450 million to $700 million. The one
outlier ($1397 million) is far removed from the
rest of the data.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
Pages 740742
17. Order the data. Use this list to determine the

quartiles.
Practice and Apply

The range of the data is 130 85 45.
23
11. From the graph, Q3 120 and Q1 90. As a

result, the interquartile range is 120 90 30.
12. Since Q 90,
1
13. Since Q 95,
2
1
4
1
2
of the data is less than 90.

of the data is greater than 95.
10
15
20
25
12
16
16
17
5.8
10
15
20
25
30
53 54
c
Q2 52
55
60
69
81
c
Q3 57.5
40
50
70
60
80
6.2
7.6 8.5
c
Q1
8.5
8.8 9.0
c
Q2 8.65
10.5 11.5
c
Q3
15.1
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
19. Order the data. Use the list to determine the

quartiles.
1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 3.3 3.7 5.7 7.7 8.5 14
c
c
c
Q1
Q2
Q3

IQR 5.7 1.3 4.4
1.3 1.5(4.4) 5.3
5.7 1.5(4.4) 12.3
There is one value, 14, greater than 12.3. It is the
only outlier.
30

quartiles.
1 1 1 2 2 4 4 5 5 5 6 8 10 10 14 15 27
c
c
c
Q1 2
Q2
Q3 10

IQR 10 2 8
2 1.5(8) 10
10 1.5(8) 22
There is one value, 27, greater than 22. It is the
only outlier.
Chapter 13
51

IQR 10.5 7.6 2.9
7.6 1.5(2.9) 3.25
10.5 1.5(2.9) 14.85
There is one value, 15.1, greater than 14.85. It is
the only outlier.
c
c
c
Q1
Q2 6.5
Q3
IQR 16 5 11
5 1.5(11) 11.5
16 1.5(11) 32.5
There are no values less than 11.5 or greater
than 32.5, so there are no outliers.
30
20
30
20
46 46
c
Q1 42.5
18. Order the data. Use the list to determine the

quartiles.

quartiles.
0
39

IQR 57.5 42.5 15
42.5 1.5(15) 20
57.5 1.5(15) 80
There is one value, 81, greater than 80. It is the
only outlier.

quartiles.
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 15 27
c
c
c
Q2
Q3
Q1
IQR 10 2 8
2 1.5(8) 10
10 1.5(8) 22
Since 27 is greater than 22, it is the only outlier.
27
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
20. The least value in both sets is 20. It is part of

data set B.
21. The greatest value in both sets is 70. It is part of
data set B.
22. The IQR for data set A is 60 30 30. The IQR
for data set B is 60 40 20. Data set A has the
greater IQR.
600
23. The range for data set A is 65 25 40. The

range for data set B is 70 20 50. Data set B
has the greater range.
24. Determine the quartiles and outliers for each
data set.
A:
15 16 17 19 22 24 26 28 32 38 40
c
c
c
Q1
Q2
Q3
B:
24 25 27 27 28 29 30 30 31 32 37
c
c
c
Q1
Q2
Q3
A: IQRA 32 17 15
17 1.5(15) 5.5; 32 1.5(15) 54.5;
no outliers
B: IQRB 31 27 4

data set.
A:
1.5 3.5 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.4
{
c
c
c
outlier
Q1
Q2 4.0
Q3
B:
4.2
4.8
5.5
6.7
6.8
7.1
7.6
12.2
{
c
c
c
Q1 5.15 Q2 6.75 Q3 7.35 outlier
A: IQRA 4.1 3.8 0.3
3.8 0.3 3.5; 4.1 0.3 4.4; 3.1 is an
outlier.
B: IQRB 7.35 5.15 2.20
5.15 2.20 2.05; 7.35 2.20 9.55; 12.2 is
an outlier.
Draw the box-and-whisker plots using the same
number line.
27 1.5(4) 21; 31 1.5(4) 37;

no outliers
number line.
A
B
A
0
10 11 12
Each set of data has an outlier. In general, the

B data are more diverse than the A data.
data set.
A:
2.9 4.1 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.9
c
c
c
Q1 4.25
Q2
Q3 4.55
B:
3.9 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.9 5.1 5.2
c
c
c
Q1 4.15
Q2
Q3 5.0
A: IQRA 4.55 4.25 0.30
4.25 1.5(0.30) 3.80;
4.55 1.5(0.30) 5.00; 2.9 is an outlier.
B: IQRB 5.0 4.15 0.85
4.15 0.85 3.30; 5.0 0.85 5.85; no
outliers
number line.
14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
The A data are much more diverse than the

B data.
data set.
A:
45 47 47 48 49 50 51 51 51 55 {
58
c
c
c
Q1
Q2
Q3
outlier
B:
35 37 37 38 39 41 41 41 45 {
48
c
c
c
Q1
Q2 40
Q3
outlier
A: IQRA 51 47 4
47 1.5(4) 41; 51 1.5(4) 57; 58 is an
outlier.
B: IQRB 41 37 4
37 1.5(4) 31; 41 1.5(4) 47; 48 is an
outlier.
number line.
A
B
A
2
The A data have an outlier. Excluding the outlier,

the B data are more diverse than the A data.
34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58
The distribution of both sets of data are similar.

In general, the A data are greater than the
B data.
601
Chapter 13
IQR: 128 71 57
71 1.5(57) 14.5, 128 1.5(57) 213.5;
223 and 253 are outliers
Draw the box-and-whisker plot.
28. Determine the quartiles and outliers for the

data set.
3.5
3.5
4 4.5
4.5
5.5
10
17
c
c
c
Q1 3.75 Q2 4.5
Q3 7.75
A: IQR 7.75 3.75 4
3.75 1.5(4) 2.25; 7.75 1.5(4) 13.75;
no outliers.
Draw the box-and-whisker plot.
80
60
37.
100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260
Life-Time Scores for Top 50

U.S. Soccer Players
20
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18
Frequency
29. The upper half of the data is very dispersed. The

range of the lower half of the data is only 1.
data set.
35 35 35 36 36 36 36 38 38 38 39 39 40 43 44
c
Q1
123
56 56 57 58 58 60 64 66 76 89 98 100 181
c
outliers
Q3
60- 80- 100- 120- 140- 160- 180- 200- 220- 24080 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260
Number of Scores
IQR 56 38 18
38 1.5(18) 11; 56 1.5(18) 83; outliers are
89, 98, 100, and 181
Draw the box-and-whisker plot of the data.
40
60
80
38. Both the box-and-whisker plot and the histogram

give a visual summary of the data. The box-andwhisker plot shows the intervals by quartile,
while the histogram shows the number of data
values for intervals of width 20.
39. Sample answer:
40, 45, 50, 55, 55, 60, 70, 80, 90, 90, 90
40. Box-and-whisker plots use a number line to show
the least value in the data, the greatest value in
the data, and the quartiles of the data. They also
indicate outliers. Answers should include the
following.
100 120 140 160 180
31. Top half; the top half of the data goes from
$48,000 to $181,000, while the bottom half goes
from $35,000 to $48,000.
32. The range appears to be 80 39 41 years. The
IQR appears to be 74 54 20 years.
33. Bottom half; the top half of the data goes from
70 yr to 80 yr, while the bottom half goes from
39 yr to 70 yr.
34. From the graph, the least value is 39, Q1 is 54,
Q2 is 70, Q3 is 74, and the greatest value is 80.
Therefore, three intervals of ages that contain
half the data are 39 to 70 years, 54 to 74 years,
and 70 to 80 years.
35. No; although the interval from 54 yr to 70 yr is
wider than the interval from 70 yr to 74 yr, both
intervals represent 25% of the data values.
data set.
61
61
61
62
63
63
63
64
65
67
68
69
71 72
c
Q1
73
73
74
74
76
78
78
80
81
82
83
87
92
Least value that is not

Greatest value that is not
an outlier
an outlier
Lower
Upper
Quartile
Quartile
Outlier
Outlier
Median
Interquartile
range
Range
The students should draw a box-and-whisker

plot representing data they found in a
newspaper or magazine.
41 C; From the box-and-whisker plot. The median
appears to be 25.
42. D; According to the box-and-whisker plot, the
least value is 0, Q1 is 10, Q2 is 25, Q3 is 45, and
the greatest value is 50. The interval 045
represents the first three quartiles, or 75% of
the data.
96
c
Q2 85
100
101
102
107
108
118
119
124
126 128 129

c
Q3
131 131 135 137 138 150 152 189 193 223 253
14243
outliers
Chapter 13
12
10
8
6
4
45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 50 51 52 54 55 55 55
c
Q2
20
16
14
602
Page 742
51. Find the measure of B.

180 90 39 51
43. Range: 93 13 80
54 55
2
Median:
54.5
Find the length of BC , which is the side

opposite A.
Frequency
Lower quartile: 45
Upper quartile: 67
Interquartile range: 67 45 22
To determine if there are outliers:
45 1.5(22) 12
67 1.5(22) 100
The data set has no values less than 12 and no
values greater than 100. It has no outliers.
44. Sample answer:
45.
tan 39
0.8097
9.7 BC
BC is about 9.7 meters long.
Find the length of AB, the hypotenuse.
12
cos 39 AB
4
2
ABcos 39 12
12
AB cos 39
0
020
3
y 3
y
20- 40- 60- 8040 60 80 100
y
4

12
AB 0.7771
3(y 4) y(y 3)
(y 3) (y 4)
AB 15.4
AB is about 15.4 meters long.
52. Find the measure of A.
180 90 46 44
3y 12 y 3y
(y 3) (y 4)
y2 6y 12
(y 3) (y 4)
2
3
2(r 2) 3(r 3)

r 3
r 2
(r 3) (r 2)
2r 4 3r 9
(r 3) (r 2)
5r 5
(r 3) (r 2)
w
4
3w 4
15w 6 3(5w 2)
5w 2
46.
47.
48.
7a
5
15
14a
6r 3
r 6

opposite A.
tan 44
0.9657

49.
BC
12
BC
12
14.5 BC
3 5 7 a a
2 5 7 a
BC is about 14.5 feet long.

Find the length of AB, the hypotenuse.
3a
2
r2 9r 18
2r 1
3(2r1 1)
r 6
15
cos 44 AB
(r1 6) (r 3)
2r 1
ABcos 44 15
3(r 3)
50. Find the measure of B.
180 90 42 48
opposite A.
sin 42
0.6691
15
AB cos 44
15
AB 0.7193
AB 20.9
AB is about 20.9 feet long.
53. a2 7a 6 0
a2 7a 6
BC
22
BC
22
6
25
4
1a 2
BC is about 14.7 inches long.
49
4
25
4
a 2 3
Find the length of AC , which is the side

adjacent to A.
0.7431
49
4
7 2
2
a2 7a
14.7 BC
cos 42
BC
15
BC
15
a 2 2
AC
22
AC
22
a2
7
a22
16.3 AC
AC is about 16.3 inches long.
12
2
6
{1, 6}
603
or
a
5
2
7
2
2
2
2
1
Chapter 13
54. x2 6x 2 0
x2 6x 2
2 6x 9 2 9
x
(x 3) 2 7
x 3 17
x 3 17
x 3 17 or x 3 17
5.6
0.4
{0.4, 5.6}
8. Sample answer:
Weight
Interval
(pounds)
34
45
56
67
78
89
910
1011
1112
55. t2 8t 18 0
t2 8t 18
t2 8t 16 18 16
(t 4) 2 34
t 4 134
t 4 134
t 4 134 or t 4 134
1.8
9.8
{9.8, 1.8}
2
Weight of Babies
50
Cumulative Number
of Babies
56. (7p p 7)
11)
(7p2 p 7) (p2 11)
(7p2 p2 ) p (7 11)
6p2 p 18
57. (3a2 8) (5a2 2a 7)
(3a2 5a2 ) 2a (8 7)
8a2 2a 1
s
160
90
100
40
30
20
10
0
Algebra Activity
3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-1111-12

Weight (pounds)
1. To find the number of students in Column 3, add

the number from the previous cell to the number
of students for the new interval.
2. The horizontal axes of both histograms represent
the test score intervals, and the vertical axes of
both histograms represent the number of
students. The bars for the second histogram are
taller than the bars for the first histogram
because each bar in the second histogram
indicates the cumulative number of students.
3. Sample answer: I prefer the first histogram
because you can see the number of students that
scored in each interval.
4. 40; 80; 120
5. Sample answer: greater than 600
6.
Cumulative
Number
of Babies
1
2
6
13
29
40
43
44
45
9. Sample answer:
(p2
Pages 743744
Number of
Babies
1
1
4
7
16
11
3
1
1
10. 89 lb

Page 745
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
7. 600 700
100s 14,400
s 144
simple random sample

measures of variation
quartile
systematic random sample
biased sample
stratified random sample
interquartile range
voluntary response sample
outlier
range
Pages 745748
11. The sample is 8 test tubes with results of chemical

reactions. The population is all test tubes in the
laboratory. The sample is biased because not all
test tubes are equally likely to be selected. Since
the first 8 test tubes from Tuesday were selected,
the sample is a convenience sample.
Chapter 13
604
12. The sample is every 50th chocolate bar. The

population is all chocolate bars on the conveyor
belt. Since every chocolate bar is equally likely to
be selected, the sample is unbiased. The sample is
systematic, as every 50th chocolate bar is selected
for testing.
21. C 3D c
1
3 1
1
1 3
13. A B C 2
0
4 C 2
3 1
1 1
3
1 2
0
11
3 1 1 (3)
C
22
03
4 (1)
1 (1) 1 (2)
30
3(1)
C 3(2)
3(1)
3(1)
3(3)
3(2)
2(2)
2(2)
3(3)
3(1)
3(0)
c
9 1
d
5 4
3(1)
d
3(0)
3 1
1
1 3
4 2
3 1
0
3
1 2
0
1
2(3)
2(0)
2(1)
2(1)
1
1
2(4) 2
3
2(3)
1 2
2
1
8 2
6
1
3
1
0
1 3
3 1
2
0
21
6 1 2 (3)
42
03
8 (1)
2 (1) 2 (2)
60
1
5
2 3
1
0
1
9
6
23. Sample answer:
Cellular Minute Usage
2(1)
d
2(0)
3 2
2
16. C D c
d c
2
1
4
3 2 2 1
d
1 (2)
40
c
1 3
d
3
4
6
4
2
0
1
d
0
c
0- 50- 100- 150- 200- 250- 30050 100 150 200 250 300 350
Cellular Minutes
24. Sample answer:
Coffee Consumption
16
14
3 2
2 1
d c
d
1
4
2 0
Frequency
12
3 2 2 1
c
d
1 (2)
40
5 1
c
d
1
4
10
8
6
4
18. impossible
1
3 1
19. 5A 5 2
0
4
1 1
3
5(1)
5(2)
5(1)
3 6 2 3
d
1 (6)
40
4 2
d
c
4
0
17. C D c
c
2
6
4
0
2 2
Frequency
c
3 2
6 3
d c
d
1
4
6 0
2(1)
2(2)
2(1)
1
d
0
2
2
c
1
3
3 9
9 3
C 6
3 6
0
15. 2D 2 c
3 2
3(2)
d c
1
4
3(2)
3
1
0
1
3
2
c
22. 2A B 2 2
2
4 4
C 4
3
3
2 3
3
1
14. 3B 3C 2
1
3 2
2 1
d 3c
d
1
4
2 0
5(3)
5(0)
5(1)
0
0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4
Cups
5(1)
5(4)
5(3)
5 15 5
10
0 20
5 5 15
20. impossible
605
Chapter 13
25. Order the set of data from least to greatest.

30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
c
c
c
Q2
Q3
Q1
The range is 100 30 or 70.
The median is
60 70
2
The lower quartile is
The interquartile range is 262 206 or 56. Check

to see if there are any outliers.
206 1.5(56) 122
262 1.5(56) 346
There is one outlier, 348.
or 65.
40 50
or 45.
2
80 90
or 85.
2
The upper quartile is

The interquartile range is 85 45 or 40.
The outliers would be less than 45 1.5(40) or
15 or greater than 85 1.5(40) or 145. There
are no outliers.
1 2 3 3.2 3.4 4 5 5 5.3 7 8 21 45 78
c
c
c
Q2
Q3
Q1
The median is
5 5
2
60
60
Q2
77.1 82.3
2
50
58.1 Q2
67.0 69.8
2
68.4 Q3
78.1 79.1
2
78.6
78.6 1.5(20.5) 109.35
60
70
80
90

Page 749
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
b; column
a; element
c; row
e; scalar
d; dimensions
The sample is the first five dogs to run from the
pen. The population is all dogs in the pen. Since
each dog did not have an equal chance of being
selected for the sample, the sample is biased. The
first five dogs leaving the pen were selected;
therefore, it is a convenience sample.
7. The sample is a book for each hour the library is
open. The population is all book titles checked out
Wednesday. Since any book title checked out on
Wednesday has an equal chance of being selected,
the sample is unbiased. A book title is selected
every hour, so the sample is systematic.
125 199 200 212 220 230 239 240 240 250 274 327 348
c
c
c
250 274
2
100
There are no outliers.
64.3 68.6
or 66.45.
2
91.7 110.5
or 101.1.
2
Q3
55.1 61.1
2
58.1 1.5(20.5) 27.35
The interquartile range is 101.1 66.45 or 34.65.

The outliers would be less than 66.45 1.5(34.65)
or 14.475 or greater than 101.1 1.5(34.65) or
153.075. There is one outlier, 254.8.
or 206 Q2
90

or 79.7.
The upper quartile range is
80
Q1
Q3
The lower quartile range is
70
52.4 55.2 55.1 61.1 61.9 67.0 69.8 73.4 78.1 79.1 81.2 81.6
The range is 254.8 59.8 or 195.
Chapter 13
70
31. Order the data from least to greatest.
59.8 63.8 64.3 68.6 70.7 77.1 82.3 88.9 91.7 110.5 111.5 254.8
c
c
c
200 212
2
325
or 5.

The median is the middle value or 73.
The lower quartile is 62.
The upper quartile is 77.
39.5 or greater than 77 1.5(15) or 99.5. There
are no outliers.
Q1
275
70 75 80 85 85 90 95 100
c
c
c
80 85
Q
Q1 Q

82.5
3
2
2
The interquartile range is 90 70 or 20. Check to
see if there are any outliers.
70 1.5(20) 40
90 1.5(20) 120
55 58 59 62 67 69 69 73 75 76 77 77 82 85 92
c
c
c
Q1
Q2
Q3
The median is
225
The lower quartile is 3.2.

The interquartile range is 8 3.2 or 4.8.
The outliers would be less than 3.2 1.5(4.8) or
4 or greater than 8 1.5(4.8) or 15.2. There are
three outliers: 21, 45, and 78.
27. Order the set from least to greatest.
Q1
175
125
or 262
606
14. Sample answer:
2
3
1
4
2 1
8. W X 1
0 1 2 2
0
2 2
0
0
1
2
3 2 1 (1)
0 (2)
1 0
2 1
02
14
12
Frequency
24
1 (2)
20
Ages of Men
in Billiards Tournament
6
5
0
3 2 1
2 1
2

3 2 1
3
1
6

1 2 4
4 1 1
33
1 4
2 1
2 (1)
16
4 (1)
c
Number of Cards

975 1005 1025 1055 1075 1075 1095 1100 1125
1125 1145
The interquartile is 1125 1025 or 100.
The outliers would be less than
1025 1.5(100) or 875 or greater than
1125 1.5(100) or 1275. There are no outliers.
0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7
0.8 0.9 1.9
The range is 1.9 0.1 or 1.8.
The median is the middle value or 0.5.
The upper quartile is 0.7.
The outliers would be less than
0.3 1.5(0.4) or 0.3 or greater than
0.7 1.5(0.4) or 1.3. There is one outlier, 1.9.
2(1)
2(1)
2(6)
d
2(1)
6 2 12
d
8
2
2
12. impossible
c
13. Y 2Z c
0- 20- 40- 60- 8020 40 60 80 100
3(1)
3(0)
3(2)
3
1
6
d
4 1 1
2(3)
2(4)
12
6 3
0
6 6
3
6
0
11. 2Z 2 c
4
2
0
Number of Trading Cards

to Share
4
2 1
10. 3X 3C 2 2
0
0
1
2
3(2)
3(2)
3(1)
15. Sample answer:
0 3 5
5 1
5
3(4)
3(2)
3(0)
65- 70- 75- 80- 85- 9070 75 80 85 90 95

Ages
Frequency
9. Y Z
10
3 2 1
3
1
6
d 2c
d
1 2 4
4 1 1
c
3 2 1
2(3)
d c
1 2 4
2(4)
c
3 2 1
6
d c
1 2 4
8
c
36
1 8
c
3 4 11
d
9
0
6
2 2
2 (2)
2(1)
2(1)
2(6)
d
2(1)
2 12
d
2 2
1 12
d
4 (2)
607
Chapter 13
7. D; Choices A, B, and C do not result in a sample

of students who represent the entire student body.
8. A; Consecutive entries in the Earth row are all
10 years apart. Consecutive entries in the Mars
row are all 5.3 years apart. Since the difference
between consecutive entries is constant in both
rows, the relationship is linear.
9. C; According to the graph, the least variation
occurs with Car C, which has the least range.
10. B; For Cars A and D, the median is 17. For Car C,
the median is 24. For Car B, the median is 26.

1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 6 6 9 10 10
c
c
c
1 1
6 6
Q 2 6
Q1 2 1 Q2
3
The interquartile range is 6 1 or 5. Check to see
if there are any outliers.
1 1.5(5) 6.5
6 1.5(5) 13.5
11. x3 8x2 16x x(x2 8x 16)

x(x 4) (x 4)
x(x 4) 2
2
12.
6x x 2 0
(3x 2)(2x 1) 0
3x 2 or 2x 1
10

9 9 9 10 11 12 12 12 13 14 14 15 16 16 18 22
c
c
c
10 11
12 13
15 16
Q1
10.5 Q2
12.5 Q3
15.5
2
2
2
The interquartile range is 22 9 13. Check to

10.5 1.5(13) 9
15.5 1.5(13) 35
x 3
x2
13. 2419 14 3
213
1
14. Each hour, Maren can complete 4 of the job.

1
Juliana can complete 6 of the job in the same
amount of time.
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
20. B; The interquartile range for A is 57 49 or 8.

The interquartile range for B is 45 28 or 17.
The interquartile range for C is 30 20 or 10.
B has the greatest interquartile range.
116 2 14 x 16 x 1
1
3
4x 6x 1
1
x
4
6x 3
3x 2x 8
5x 8
x5
8
It will take 5 hours for the two to complete the job

working together.
Pages 750751
1. B; The equation y 4x 6 has a slope of m 4.
1
The equation y 4 x 2 has a slope of m

making it perpendicular.
2. B; 3x 5x 8 32
8x 40
x5
5x 5(5)
25
15. (AB) 2 (AC) 2 (BC) 2

(5) 2 (3) 2 (BC) 2
25 9 BC2
BC2 16
BC 4 miles
The distance between points B and C is 4 miles.
16. B; Column A: The next three terms of the
sequence are 749, 1082, and 1415. Their sum is
749 1082 1415 3246.
Column B: The 67th term of the arithmetic
sequence is
1
,
4
3. B; (x 8) 2 (x 8)(x 8)
x2 8x 8x 64
x2 16x 64
4. D; The least value of the graph occurs when
x 0. As a result,
y x2 4
(0) 2 4
4
a67 a1 (67 1) r,
where r 2 (49) 51.
Therefore, a 49 66 51 3317.
67
Column B is greater.
5. C; 3172 312 314 9 2 312

3 2 312 312
1812 312
1512
6. B;
12
9
27
9x 324
x 36 m
Chapter 13
608
17. A; Column A: The root of y 0.25x2 x 1 is
19.
0.25x x 1 0
x2 4x 4 0
(x 2) 2 0
x2
Column B: The roots of b
3a2
5a 2 are
a3
2
The sum of the roots is 1 3 13.

Column A is greater.
3x 1
14
18. C; Column A:
4
3 4x 4 14x
12x 4 14x
4 2x
2x
Column B:
45
4y 1
6
4
2
0
4050
50- 60- 70- 80- 9060 70 80 90 100
20. There are 1 0 4 5 7 3 20 pieces of

data. The interval 80 90 has 7 pieces of data,
7
representing 20 0.35 35% of the data.
21. Order the data from least to greatest. Use this list
to determine the quartiles.
22, 24, 25, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 38, 39, 40, 40, 40, 41,
42, 45, 45, 47, 47, 48, 49
Q1 33
Q2 40
Q3 45
IQR 45 33 12
Q1 1.5(12) 33 18 15;
Q3 1.5(12) 45 18 63
3a2 5a 2 0
(3a 2) (a 1) 0
3a 2 or a 1
2
Frequency
10
y
45y 4y 10 10
45y 40y 10
5y 10
y2
So, x y.
20
609
30
40
50
Chapter 13
Chapter 14 Probability
Page 753
3. 5! is the product of 5 and all positive integers less

than 5.
5! 5 4 3 2 1
120
4. Spin 1 Spin 2 Spin 3
Outcomes
Getting Started
1. There are 6 red cubes and 14 cubes total.

6
P(red) 14 or 7
2. There are 3 blue cubes and 14 cubes total.
3
P(blue) 14
3. There are 4 yellow cubes and 14 cubes total.
4
P(yellow) 14 or 7
4. There are 8 cubes that are not red and 14 cubes
total.
8
14
P(not red)
or
5.
4
5
3
4
4
5
3
4
6.
5
12
6
11
8.
4
32
13
52
13
256
9.
32 32 32
4
52
19 20 19
95
13
52
6
11
22
1
7
20
5
12
5
5
7.
4
7
14
4
52
10.
56
100
24
100
1
52
56
100
84
625
25
24
100
25
11. 0.725 (0.725 100) %

72.5%
12. 0.148 (0.148 100) %
14.8%
13. 0.4 (0.4 100) %
40%
14. 0.0168 (0.0168 100) %
1.68%
15.
7
8
17.
107
125
0.875
B
Y
16.
33
80
18.
625
1024
87.5%
0.4125
41.3%
0.856
85.6%
0.6103515625
61%
Y
14-1 Counting Outcomes

Page 756
1. Sample answer: choosing 2 books from 7 on a

shelf
2. Toss 1
Toss 2 Toss 3
Outcomes
H
H
T
H
T
H
T
HHH
HHT
HTH
HTT
H
T
H
T
THH
THT
TTH
TTT
B
G
Y
H
T
T
Chapter 14
610
R
B
Y
G
R
B
Y
G
R
B
Y
G
R
B
Y
G
R
B
Y
G
R
B
Y
G
R
B
Y
G
R
B
Y
G
R
B
Y
G
R
B
Y
G
R
B
Y
G
R
B
Y
G
R
B
Y
G
R
B
Y
G
R
B
Y
G
R
B
Y
G
RRR
RRB
RRY
RRG
RBR
RBB
RBY
RBG
RYR
RYB
RYY
RYG
RGR
RGB
RGY
RGG
BRR
BRB
BRY
BRG
BBR
BBB
BBY
BBG
BYR
BYB
BYY
BYG
BGR
BGB
BGY
BGG
YRR
YRB
YRY
YRG
YBR
YBB
YBY
YBG
YYR
YYB
YYY
YYG
YGR
YGB
YGY
YGG
GRR
GRB
GRY
GRG
GBR
GBB
GBY
GBG
GYR
GYB
GYY
GYG
GGR
GGB
GGY
GGG
13. 11! 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
39,916,800
14. 13! 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
6,227,020,800
15. There are 6 possible outcomes for each die.
Multiply.
red white blue
possible
die
die
die
outcomes
123
123
123
14
424
43
5. The tree diagram shows that there are 64 possible

outcomes.
6. Of the 64 possible outcomes shown on the tree
diagram, we observe that 18 involve both green
and blue.
7. 8! 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
40,320
8. Multiply to find the number of ways students can
choose to do their assignments.
project
paper
presentation
number
choices choices
choices
of ways
14243
14243
144
424
443
14243
6
6
6
216
There are 216 possible outcomes.
16. Multiply to find the number of outfits.
5 3 3 4 180
There are 180 possible outfits.
17. Multiply to find the number of ways.
Seattle
Denver
number
to
to
of
Denver St. Louis
ways
14243
14243
14243
15

6

8

720
There are 720 different ways that students can
choose to do their assignments.
Pages 757758
9. English
Practice and Apply

Math
Science
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
Outcomes
B
C
4
(4 2)
24
A traveler can book a flight from Seattle to
St. Louis in 24 ways.
18. There are ten digits. Five of these, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9,
are odd. Multiply to find the number of area codes.
odd 0 or 1 any digit
area
codes
123
123
14243
1442443
AAA
AAB
AAC
ABA
ABB
ABC
ACA
ACB
ACC
BAA
BAB
BAC
BBA
BBB
BBC
BCA
BCB
BCC
CAA
CAB
CAC
CBA
CBB
CBC
CCA
CCB
CCC
5
2

10

100
There are 100 possible area codes.
19.
0
4
1
0
5
1
Monitor 1
CD-ROM
Monitor 2
Monitor 1
CD recorder
Monitor 2
Monitor 1
DVD
Monitor 2
Printer
Scanner
Printer
Scanner
Printer
Scanner
Printer
Scanner
Printer
Scanner
Printer
Scanner
407
408
409
417
418
419
507
508
509
517
518
519
20. Let C represent a win for Columbus Crew and D

a win for D.C. United.
If either team wins all of the first three games,
the 4th and 5th games will not be played. Two
possible outcomes are C-C-C and D-D-D.
If one of the teams achieves its third win in the
4th game, the 5th game will not be played.
More possible outcomes are
C-C-D-C, C-D-C-C, D-C-C-C, D-D-C-D, D-C-D-D,
and C-D-D-D.
If all five games are played, the possible outcomes
are C-C-D-D-C, C-D-C-D-C, C-D-D-C-C,
D-C-D-C-C, D-D-C-C-C, D-C-C-D-C, D-D-C-C-D,
D-C-D-C-D, D-C-C-D-D, C-D-C-D-D, C-C-D-D-D,
and C-D-D-C-D.
21. From the list of possible outcomes, we see that
6 outcomes require that exactly four games be
played to determine the champion.
The tree diagram shows that there are 27 possible

outcomes.
10.
7
8
9
7
8
9
7
8
9
7
8
9
CD-M1-P
CD-M1-S
CD-M2-P
CD-M2-S
CDR-M1-P
CDR-M1-S
CDR-M2-P
CDR-M2-S
DVD-M1-P
DVD-M1-S
DVD-M2-P
DVD-M2-S

outcomes.
11. 4! 4 3 2 1
12. 7! 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
24
5040
611
Chapter 14
33. There are 8 data values greater than the median.

The 4th and 5th of these are 71 and 76, respectively.
71 76
The upper quartile is
or 73.5.
2
22. From the list of possible outcomes, we see that

there are 10 ways D.C. United can win the
championship.
23. Since there are five days in a school week, Tucker
walked 3 days (60% of 5 days), rode his bike 1 day
(20% of 5 days), and rode with a friend 1 day.
Tyler could have taken his bicycle any one of the
five days of the week, leaving any one of the
remaining four days as the day he could have
gone with a friend. The remaining three days he
walked; there are no choices here.
choices for
choices for
number
day he rode
day he rode
of
bike
with friend
outcomes
144
424
443
144
424
443
There are 8 data values less than the median. The

4th and 5th of these are 35 and 44, respectively.
35 44
or 39.5.
2
34. An outlier must be 1.5(34.0) or 51 less than the
lower quartile, 39.5, or 51 greater than the upper
quartile 73.5. There are neither data values less
than 39.5 51 or 11.5 nor greater than
73.5 51 or 124.5. There are no outliers.
35.
14
424
43
5

4

20
This situation is represented by 20 outcomes.
24. Sample answer: You can make a chart showing all
possible outcomes to help determine a football
teams record. Answers should include the
following.
a tree diagram or calculations to show
16 possible outcomes
25. A; 9! 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
362,880
26. C; Multiply the number of model choices, the
number of package choices, and the number of
color choices.
4 6 12 288
There are 288 possibilities for this car.
Page 758
36.
37.
Chapter 14
56 59
2
x 4
2
x
(2x 1) (x 2)
(x 4) (3x 1)
(x 2) (3x 1)
(3x 1) (x 2)
(2x 1) (x 2) (x 4) (3x 1)
(3x 1) (x 2)
2x2 3x 2 3x2 11x 4

(3x 1) (x 2)
5x2 8x 6
(3x 1) (x 2)
4n
3
4n
3
n 3 2(n 3) n 3
2n 6
2n
3
n3n3
2n 3
n3
3z 2
z 2
3z 2
z 2
z2 4 3(z 2) (z 2) (z 2)
3z 6
3z 2
1
3(z 2) z 2
3z 2
3
3(z 2) 3(z 2)
3z 2 3
3(z 2)
3z 1
3(z 2)
3z 1
3z 6
m n
1
m n
1
m2 n2 m n (m n) (m n)
m n
(m n) (m n)
1
(m n) (m n) (m n) (m n)
(m n) (m n) 1
(m n) (m n)
38.
27. For plot A, the least value is 32, the greatest

value is 88, the lower quartile is 44, the upper
quartile is 85, and the median is 60.
For plot B, the least value is 38, the greatest
value is 86, the lower quartile is 48, the upper
quartile is 74, and the median is 64.
28. The least data value in either set is 32, which is
contained in set A.
29. For plot A, the interquartile range is
85 44 or 41.
For plot B, the interquartile range is
74 48 or 26.
Plot B has the smaller interquartile range.
30. For plot A, the range is 88 32 or 56.
For plot B, the range is 86 38 or 48.
Plot A has the greater range.
31. The greatest data value is 109. The least data
value is 30. Thus, the range of the data is
109 30 or 79.
32. There are 16 data values. In ascending order, the
8th and 9th data values are 56 and 59, respectively.
The median is
2x 1
3x 1

39.
m2 2mn n2 1
m2 n2
522n2 28 20
1
(522n2
5
28) 5 (20)
22n2 28 4
( 22n2 28) 2 42
2n2 28 16
2n2 44
n2 22
n 122
The solutions are 122 and 122.
or 57.5.
612
40.
44. x2 11x 17 0
x2 11x 17
25x2 7 2x
( 25x2 7) 2 (2x) 2
5x2 7 4x2
x2 7 0
x2 7
x 17
121
4
11 2
2
x2 11x
1x 2
x
25x 7 2x
Check:
x
15(7) 7 217
11
2
11
2
189
4
189
4
45.
25x2 7 2x
?
189
4
11
2
189
4
1.4
2p2 10p 3 0
1
(2p2
2
25( 17) 2 7 2( 17)
x
or
12.4
{1.4, 12.4}
128 217
217 217
10p 3) 0
3
p2 5p 2 0
25(7) 7 217
?
p2 5p 2
128 217
217 217
25
4
5 2
2
p2 5p
1p 2

1x 2 x 4
( 1x 2) 2 (x 4) 2
x 2 x2 8x 16
0 x2 9x 14
0 (x 7)(x 2)
x 7 0 or x 2 0
x7
x2
Check:
3
x
25(17) 7 2(17)
41.
189
4
11
2
121
4
17
2
25
4
19
4
p 2 3
19
4
p 2
5
19
p 2
34
or
19
34
5
p 2
19
34
0.3
4.7
{4.7, 0.3}
46. There are four 10s and a total of 52 cards.
1x 2 x 4
?
P(10) 52 or 13
17 2 7 4
?
19 3
33
1x 2 x 4
47. There are four aces and a total of 52 cards.

4
P(ace) 52 or 13
48. There are two red 5s and a total of 52 cards.
12 2 2 4
P(red 5) 52 or 26
14 2
2 2
the only solution.
42. b2 6b 4 0
b2 6b 4
2 6b 9 4 9
b
(b 3) 2 5
b 3 15
b 3 15
b 3 15 or b 3 15
5.2
0.8
{0.8, 5.2}
49. There is one queen of clubs and a total of 52 cards.

1
P(queen of clubs) 52
50. There are 20 even numbers, four each of 2, 4, 6, 8,
and 10, and a total of 52 cards.
20
P(even number) 52 or 13
51. There are four 3s and four kings. Thus, there are
eight ways to get a 3 or king and a total of 52 cards.
8
P(3 or a king) 52 or 13
Page 759
43. n2 8n 5 0
n2 8n 5
2 8n 16 5 16
n
(n 4) 2 21
n 4 121
n 4 121
n 4 121 or n 4 121
0.6
8.6
{8.6, 0.6}
Algebra Activity
1. Yes; Sample answer: Front St., Main St., Second

Ave., State St., Elm St., First Ave., Town St.
2. Besides sample answer in Exercise 1:
(2) Second Ave., Main St., Front St., State St.,
Elm St., First Ave., Town St.
(3) Second Ave., Main St., Front St., State St.,
Town St., First Ave., Elm St.
(4) Front St., Main St., Second Ave., State St.,
Town St., First Ave., Elm St.
There are 4 traceable routes that begin at Aleks
house.
613
Chapter 14
3. Also:
(5) Town St., First Ave., Elm St., State St.,
Front St., Main St., Second Ave.
(6) Elm St., First Ave., Town St., State St.,
Front St., Main St., Second Ave.
(7) Town St., First Ave., Elm St., State St.,
Second Ave., Main St., Front St.
(8) Elm St., First Ave., Town St., State St.,
Second Ave., Main St., Front St.
There are 8 traceable routes now.
4. Yes; all nodes can be connected without retracing
an edge.
5. No; all nodes cannot be connected without
retracing an edge.
6. Yes; all nodes can be connected without retracing
an edge.
7a.
n!
(n r)!
8!
(8 5)!
8!
3!
87654321
321
6. P
n r
P
8 5
8 7 6 5 4 or 6720
7. C
n r
C
7 5
n!
(n r)! r!
7!
(7 5)! 5!
7!
2! 5!
1
7654321
2154321
1
76
2 1 or 21
10!
3!
8. ( P )( P ) (10 5)! (3 2)!

10 5 3 2
10! 3!
5! 1!
10 9 8 7 6
1
321
1
181,440
6!
4!
9. ( C ) ( C ) (6 2)! 2! (4 3)! 3!
6 2 4 3
6!
4!
4! 2! 1! 3!
7b. Yes; start at any node and first follow the edges
to adjacent nodes until you come back to where
you started. Then follow the edges that form a
star until you again come back to where you
started.
7c. Yes; starting at any building you can follow the
sidewalk to the building two buildings away in
the clockwise direction. If you repeat this, you
will eventually reach all five buildings without
using any sidewalk more than once.
8. Sample answer: If you follow the edges of a graph,
you should cover each edge only once.
65
2!
1
60
10. Permutation; the order of the digits is important.
11. We find the number of permutations of 10 digits
taken 3 at a time.
n!
(n r)!
10!
(10 3)!
10!
7!
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
7654321
P
n r
P
10 3
10 9 8 or 720
720 different codes are possible.
12. We begin by finding the number of codes whose
digits are all odd. Since there are five odd digits,
we find the number of permutations of 5 odd
digits taken 3 at a time.
14-2 Permutations and Combinations

Page 764
1. Sample answer: Order is important in a

permutation but not in a combination.
Permutation: the finishing order of a race
Combination: toppings on a pizza
2. C
n n
P
n n
n!
(n n)! n!
n!
(n n)!
n!
0!
or n!, since 0! 1
54321
21
3. Alisa; both are correct in that the situation is a

combination, but Alisas method correctly
computes the combination. Erics calculations find
the number of permutations.
4. Combination; order is not important.
5. Permutation; order is important.
Chapter 14
P
5 3
n!
0!n! or 1, since 0! 1.
n!
(n r)!
5!
(5 3)!
5!
2!
P
n r
5 4 3 or 60
There are 60 codes whose digits are all odd and a
total of 720 possible codes.
60
P(all odd) 720 or 12
614
13. B; Since order is not important, we find the number

of combinations of 8 items taken 2 at a time.
C
n r
C
8 2
27.
C
n r
C
n!
(n r)!r!
8!
(8 2)!2!
8!
6!2!
20 8

1
87654321
65432121
87
28.
2 1 or 28
P
n r
P
15 3
Pages 764766
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
Practice and Apply
P
P
12 3

29.
P

P
4 1
7!

C
7 3
20!
24. nCr
C
6 6

n!
(n r)!r!
6!
(6 6)!6!
6!
0!6!
6!
1 6!
1
1

16 15 14 13
1
7!
4)!4!
765
3!
105
8!
5!
33. ( C ) ( P ) (8 5)!5! (5 5)!

8 5 5 5
8! 5!
3!5! 0!
876
3!
5!
1
6720
34. Permutation; order is important.
35. We find the number of permutations of 9 players
taken 9 at a time.
1
765
C
3!
3 2 1 or 35
15 3
20 19
1
32. ( C ) ( C ) (3 2)!2! (7
3 2 7 4
3!
7!
1!2! 3!4!
1
7654321
C
16!
16,598,400
n!
(n r)!r!
7!
(7 3)!3!
7!
4!3!
n r
1
35,280
4321321
26.
7!
1
31. ( P )( P ) (20 2)! (16 4)!

20 2 16 4
20! 16!
18! 12!
4
25. C
n r
7!
30. ( P )( P ) (7 7)! (7 1)!

7 7 7 1
7! 7!
0! 6!
1
12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
987654321
1
4!
(4 1)!
4!
3!
1
4321
321
1
n!
(n r)!
16!
(16 5)!
16!
11!
16 15 14 13 12 11!
11!
524,160
n!
(n r)!
12!
(12 3)!
12!
9!
n!
(n r)!
P
n r
16 5
12 11 10 or 1320
23. P
n r
n!
(n r)!
15!
(15 3)!
15!
12!
15 14 13 12!
12!
2730
Combination; order is not important.

Permutation; order is important.
n r
n!
(n r)!r!
20!
(20 8)!8!
20!
12!8!
20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12!
12!8!
5,079,110,400
or
125,970
40,320
P
n!
(n r)!r!
15!
(15 3)!3!
15!
12!3!
15 14 13 12!
12!3!
15 14 13
3!
2730
or 455
6
n r
P
9 9
n!
(n r)!
9!
(9 9)!
9!
0!
9! or 362,880
The manager can make 362,880 different lineups.
36. Combination; order does not matter.
615
Chapter 14
There are 3780 ways to choose 5 women and

177,100 possible outcomes.
37. We find the number of combinations of 12 people

taken 4 at a time.
C
n r
C
12 4

n!
(n r)!r!
12!
(12 4)!4!
12!
8!4!
12 11 10 9
4!
3780
45. We find the number of permutations of 8 girls

taken 3 at a time.
P
8 3
495
Thus, 495 different groups of students could be
selected.
38. We find the number of permutations of 12 people
taken 4 at a time.
P
n r
P
12 4

( 4P2 )( 4P1 )

11,880
Thus, 11,880 different groups of students could be
selected.
39. There are 12 students, one of which will be the
chairperson.
48
P(1st, 2nd: West; 3rd: Central) 336

1
7 or about 14%
47. There are 4 choices of entree, 3 choices of side
dish, and 3 choices of beverage. Use the
Fundamental Counting Principle.
4 3 3 36
There are 36 possible meal combinations.
48. There are 3 possible side dishes, one of which is
soup.
40. Permutation; order matters.

41. Use the Fundamental Counting Principle. On
each die, you have 6 possible outcomes.
6 6 6 6 6 7776
42. There are 6 different ways that all five dice could
show the same number and 7776 possible
outcomes.
6
7776
P(soup) 3 or about 33%.

49. There are 4 3 or 12 ways that a student can
choose an entree and a side dish, one of which is
to choose a sandwich and soup.
1
1296
P(all same number)

or
43. We find the number of combinations of 15 men
taken 4 at a time and 10 women taken 2 at a time
and multiply.
P(sandwich and soup)
C

P(tap shoe) =
C
6 4

177,100
Next, we find the number of ways to choose
1 man and 5 women.

1
30,240
6!
(6 4)! 4!
6!
2! 4!
65
or 15
2!
The coach can form 15 different teams.

53. We find the number of permutations of
4 swimmers taken 4 at a time.
15!
10!

(15 1)!1! (10 5)!5!
15!
10!

14!1! 5!5!
15 10 9 8 7 6

1
5!
P
4 4
4!
(4 4)!
4!
0!
4! or 24
The four swimmers had to swim 24 relays.
3780
Chapter 14
or about 8%
52. We find the number of combinations of

6 swimmers taken 4 at a time.
25!
(25 6)!6!
25!
19!6!
25 24 23 22 21 20
6!
( 15C1 ) ( 10C5 )
1
12
50. A two-word arrangement is composed of the seven

letters and one space. There are 7! ways to arrange
the letters and 6 possible positions for the space, so
there are 7! 6 or 30,240 two-word arrangements.
51. Tap shoe is one possible arrangement and there
are a total of 30,240 possible arrangements.
15!
10!

(15 4)!4! (10 2)!2!
15!
10!

11!4! 8!2!
15 14 13 12 10 9
2!
4!
61,425
This can be done in 61,425 ways.
44. First, we find the number of ways 6 people can be
chosen from the total of 25 men and women.
25 6
4!
4!

(4 2)! (4 1)!
4! 4!

2! 3!
43 4
1 or 48
1
There are 48 ways for the described event to

happen and 336 possible outcomes.
P(being chairperson) 12
8!
(8 3)!
8!
5!
8 7 6 or 336
The runners can place first, second, and third in
336 ways.
46. First, we find the number of permutations of
4 girls taken 2 at a time and 4 girls taken 1 at a
time and multiply.
n!
(n r)!
12!
(12 4)!
12!
8!
12 11 10 9
1
( 15C4 ) ( 10C2 )
27
P(5 women) 177,100 or 1265
616
54. There are positions, one of which is the third leg.

1
4
P(third leg)
66. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2
1
2
1
or 25%
2(16 12) 2 (34 20) 2
55. Sample answer: Combinations can be used to

show how many different ways a committee can
be formed by various members. Answers should
Order of selection is not important.
Order is important due to seniority, so you
need to find the number of permutations.
56. B; We find the number of permutations of
12 songs taken 10 at a time.
P
12 10

242 142
1212
2153 or about 14.56 units
67. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2
1
2
1
2(2 (18)) 2 (15 7) 2
2202 82
1464
4129 or about 21.54 units
12!
(12 10)!
12!
2!
68. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2
1
2
1
P
4 4

s
4 242 4(1) (2)

2(1)
4 18
2
4 2 12
2
m 2 12
3.41
b 2b2 4ac
2a
1 212 4(2) (15)

2(2)
1 1121

4
1 11

4
1 11
1 11
s
or s
4
4
10
12
4
4
5
2
3
5
3, 2
71.
2n2
2n2 n 4
n40
n
b 2b2 4ac
2a
1
3
1
(x 7) (x 7 )
(x 7 ) (x 5)

n
x 7
5
(1) 2(1) 2 4(2) (4)

2(2)
1 133
4
1 133
1 133
or n
4
4
1.69
{1.19, 1.69}
b 2b2 4ac
2a
70. 2s2 s 15 0
x
65.
2 12
m 2 12 or
0.59
{3.41, 0.59}
n2 n 20
n2 9n 20
25
34
x 3
(x 3) (x 3 )
m
x2 49
x2 2x 35
(2) 2
69. m2 4m 2 0
50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120130140150
64.
(3 5) 2
34 4
5
60. The greatest data value is $148,000. The least

data value is $55,800. Thus, the range of the data
is $148,000 $55,800 or $92,200.
61. There are ten data values. Of the five smallest
data values, $56,700 is in the middle. Thus, the
lower quartile is $56,700. Of the five largest data
values, $91,300 is in the middle. Thus, the upper
quartile is $91,300.
62. The interquartile range is $91,300 $56,700 or
$34,600. An outlier must be 1.5($34,600) or
$51,900 less than the lower quartile or greater
than the upper quartile. No data values are less
than $56,700 $51,900 or $4800. One data value,
$148,000, is greater than $91,300 $51,900 or
$143,200. Thus, $148,000 is the only outlier.
x
2 or 22 units
3 2
58. There are two possibilities, boy or girl, for each

year and there are four years. Use the
2 2 2 2 16
There are 16 different ways.
59.
x 3
x2 6x 9
3 12 2
4! or 24
63.
4!
(4 4)!
4!
0!
Page 767
3 1 2 (2) 2
12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3
239,500,800
57. C; We find the number of permutations of
4 numbers taken 4 at a time.
(n 5) (n 4)
(n 5) (n 4)
72.
n 5
5
8
52
12
1.19
3
52 52 or 13
n
617
Chapter 14
73.
7
32
20
Page 768
8 32 32
27
32
74.
75.
76.
77.
5
6
2
9
3
15 15 15 or 5
15
15
11
3
15
11
18
24 4 24 24 24
24
8
1
24 or 3
2
15
1
24
15
9
36 4 36 36 36
3
30
5
36 or 6
16
3
1
64
30
25
10 4 100 100 100
25
69
100
Page 767
Practice Quiz 1
1. There are 6 possible outcomes for the die and

2 possible outcomes for each of the coins. Use the
6 2 2 24
2. Use the Fundamental Counting Principle.
5 4 2 5 200
There are 200 possible mountain bikes.
3.
C
n r
C
13 8

n!
(n r)! r!
13!
(13 8)!8!
13!
5! 8!
13 12 11 10 9 8!
5! 8!
13 12 11 10 9
5!
14-3 Probability of Compound Events

Pages 772773
1287
4. P
n r
P
9 6

987654
60,480
5. First, find the number of combinations of
14 flowers taken 4 at a time.
C

14!
(14 4)!4!
14!
10!4!
14 13 12 11
4!
1001
Now, find the number of ways to choose 2 roses
out of 6 and 2 lilies out of 3.
( 6C2 ) ( 3C2 )

6!
(6 2)! 2!
6!
3!

4!2! 1!2!
65 3
1
2!
3!
(3 2)! 2!
Chapter 14
21 21
30
10
441 or 147
6. Since the first chip is not replaced, the events are
dependent.
P(yellow, yellow) P(yellow) P(yellow)
45
There are 45 four-flower bouquets with two roses
and two lilies and 1001 possible four-flower
bouquets.
P(two roses and two lilies)
1. A simple event is a single event, while a compound

event involves two or more simple events.
2. Sample answer: The probability of rolling a
number less than or equal to six on a number
cube and tossing heads or tails on a coin.
3. Sample answer: With dependent events, a first
object is selected and not replaced. With
independent events, a first object is selected and
replaced.
4. Chloe; sample answer: Since it is possible for the
person chosen to be a girl and a senior, the events
are inclusive. So, add the probability that a girl
14
is chosen, 34, and the probability that a senior is
15
chosen, 34, then subtract the probability that a
6
senior girl is chosen, 34.
5. Since the first chip is replaced, the events are
independent.
P(red, green) P(red) P(green)
n!
(n r)!
9!
(9 6)!
9!
3!
9 8 7 6 5 4 3!
3!
14 4
Reading Mathematics
1. Sample answer: Yes; combine can mean placing

many things together, as you do in a combination.
A mutation is a change in genes and the order in
which they appear as in a permutation.
2. Sample answer: Both permutations and
combinations involve selecting items. However, a
permutation considers the order of the selected
items.
3. Sample answer:
factorialthe product of all the positive integers
from 1 to nsymbol n!
factorany of the numbers or symbols in
mathematics that when multiplied together form
a product
factorizationthe operation of resolving a
quantity into factors
The meanings all involve products.
4. probabilitythe quality or state of being
probable; something (as an event or circumstance)
that is probable
probusupright, liberal, generous
probareto test, approve, prove
Sample answer: The words all involve something
being true or approved.
21 20
2
420 or 210
45
1001
618
17. Since the first marble is not replaced, the events

are dependent.
P(blue, then red) P(blue) P(red)
7. Since the chips are replaced, the events are

independent.
P(green, blue, red) P(green) P(blue) P(red)
6
18 17
80
306 or 51
21 21 21
240
12
9261 or 3087
21 20 19
240
12
126
5
8
84
or
20. P(3 and D) P(3) P(D)

1
65

12
24
24
24
22. P(a prime number and A)

P(a prime number) P(A)
3
7
8
65
12
24
30 or 10
or 1
23. P(2 and A, B, or C)

P(2) P(A, B, or C)
12. Since there are students who are both male and
not 11th graders, these events are inclusive.
P(male or not 11th grader)
P(male) P(not 11th grader)
P(male and not 11th grader)
21
24
30 or 5
11. Since a student cannot be both male and female,

the events are mutually exclusive.
P(male or female) P(male) P(female)
18
65
3
30 or 10
24. P(both even) P(even) P(even)
24 24 24
or
15
210
840 or 4
25. P(both 7 20 and 6 30)

P( 7 20 and 6 30) P( 7 20 and 6 30)
9
30 28
81
27
840 or 280
5 5 5 or 5
15. The last one tested is tested third out of
3 possibilities, first, second, or third.
P(last)
14
30 28
13. These are independent events, since each DVD

1
player has the same probability, 5, of being the
defective player.
14. P(defective, defective, or defective)
P(defective) P(defective) P(defective)
1
21. P(an odd number and a vowel)

P(an odd number) P(vowel)
6
12
6 5 or 30
24 24 24
4896 or 408
10. Since there are students who are both 10th

graders and females, these events are inclusive.
P(10th grader or female)
P(10th grader P(female)
P(10th grader and female)
15
24
18 17 16
24 or 2
12
19. Since the marbles are not replaced, the events are
dependent.
P(blue, then yellow, then red)
P(blue) P(yellow) P(red)
24 24
4896 or 272
9. Since a student cannot be both a 9th and 12th

grader, the events are mutually exclusive.
P(9th or 12th grader) P(9th grader)
P(12th grader)
6
18 17 16
7980 or 133
18. Since the marbles are not replaced, the events are
dependent.
P(2 yellows in a row then orange)
P(yellow) P(yellow) P(orange)
8. Since the chips are not replaced, the events are

dependent.
P(green, blue, red) P(green) P(blue) P(red)
6
26. P(first 7 10, second 6 40 or odd)

P( 7 10) P( 6 40 or odd)
20
30
1
3
11928 1428 1028 2
23
3 28
46
Pages 773776
Practice and Apply
27. P(first 7 12 or prime, second multiple of 6 or 4)

P(7 12 or prime) P(multiple of 6 or 4)
16. Since the first marble is not replaced, the events

are dependent.
P(2 orange) P(orange) P(orange)
3
11830 1030 305 2 1285 287 283 2
23
30 28
18 17
6
23
84 or 42
207
69
840 or 280
306 or 51
619
Chapter 14
40. In the 1624 age group, 1145 2080 or 3225

thousand earn no more than minimum wage.
P(no more than minimum wage)
28.
A
B
0.90
0.06
3225
15,793 or about 0.20
0.02
In the 25 age group, 970 2043 or

3013 thousand earn no more than minimum wage.
P(no more than minimum wage)
0.02
3013
55,287 or about 0.05
29. P(A or B) P(A) P(B) P(A and B)

0.96 0.92 0.90
0.98 or 98%
30. From the Venn diagram, we see that this
probability is 0.02 or 2%.
31. No; P(A and B) P(A) P(B)
P(A and B) 0.90
P(A) P(B) 0.96 0.92 or 0.8832
32. There is one combination of genes, bb, for blue
eyes and four combinations.
A worker in the 1624 age group is more likely to

earn at most minimum wage, since the
probability is greater for this group.
41. There are 6C2 or 15 ways to choose 2 of the six
angles.
150, 30
150, 130
150, 50
150, 20
150, 160
30, 130
30, 50
30, 20
30, 160
130, 50
130, 20
130, 160
50, 20
50, 160
20, 160
Every pair listed above contains either an angle
inside ABC or an obtuse angle.
P(inside or obtuse) 1
42. Among the six angles, there is no straight angle,
and there is no right angle inside ABC.
P(straight or right) 0
43. P(20 or 130)
P(20) P(130) P(20 and 130)
P(blue eyes) 4
33. The eye colors of the children are independent
events.
P(both brown eyes)
P(brown eyes) P(brown eyes)
3
4 4 or 16
34. P(both brown) P(first or second blue) 1
9
16
P(first or second blue) 1

P(first or second blue)
44. Since there are regions that are both a triangle

and red, these events are inclusive. The area of
the dartboard is 12 10 or 120 in2. The area of
1
each trapezoid is 2 (6 12)(5) or 45 in2. The area
1
of each triangle is 2 (3)(5) or 7.5 in2.

The total area of the four triangles is 4 7.5 or
30 in2. The total area of the red regions is
45 7.5 7.5 or 60 in2. The total area that is
both a triangle and red is 7.5 7.5 or 15 in2.
P(a triangle or a red region)
P(triangle) P(red) P(triangle and red)
30
60
75
15
120 120 120

120 or 8
2115
71,080
45. Since there is a region that is both a trapezoid

and blue, these events are inclusive. The total
area of the two trapezoids is 45 45 or 90 in2.
The total area of the blue regions is 45 7.5
7.5 or 60 in2. The total area that is both a
trapezoid and blue is 45 in2.
P(a trapezoid or a blue region)
0.03
There are 2080 2043 or 4123 thousand who
earn less than minimum wage.
4123
P(less than minimum wage) 71,080

0.06
39. These are mutually exclusive events.
P(less than or equal to minimum wage)
P(less than) P(equal to)
0.06 0.03 or 0.09
Chapter 14
15 or 5

36. These events are mutually exclusive.
P(public transportation or walks)
P(public transportation) P(walks)
0.049 0.015
0.064 or 6.4%
37. We estimate that 88.9% of the 400 employees will
use a motor vehicle.
88.9% of 400 0.889(400)
355.6
There should be at least 356 parking spaces.
38. There are 1145 970 or 2115 thousand who earn
minimum wage and a total of 15,793 55,287 or
71,080 thousand hourly workers.
P(earn minimum wage)
15 15 15
7
16
P(trapezoid) P(blue) P(trapezoid and blue)

90
60
105
45
120 120 120

120 or 8
620
46. Since no region is both blue and red, these events

are mutually exclusive.
P(a blue triangle or a red triangle)
P(blue triangle) P(red triangle)

15
120
30
120
Page 776
C
n r
15
120
1
or 4
C
5 3
47. Since no region is both a square and a hexagon,

these events are mutually exclusive. There are no
regions that are squares. There is one hexagon
that is formed by the two trapezoids; its area is
45 45 or 90 in2.
P(a square or a hexagon)
P(square) P(hexagon)

90
4
C
48. Find the sum of the numbers in the regions of the

Venn diagram.
36 38 8 25 2 5 3 3 120
Thus, 120 students were surveyed.
49. Find the sum of the numbers in the circle
representing Event A.
36 38 25 2 101
Thus, 101 students said that they drive a car to
school.
50. There are two students in the overlap of the three
circles, indicating the students who do all three.
There is a total of 120 students.
n r
C
4 2

57. Use the Fundamental Counting Principle. There

are 10 choices for the first store, 9 choices for the
second store, and so on.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 604,800
There are 604,800 different arrangements.
3 6
2 4
3 (2) (6) 4
58. c
d c
d c
d
1
2
1 5
(1) 1
25
or
c
39
40
59. c
52. Sample answer: Meteorologists use probabilities

to forecast the weather. Answers should include
the following.
You can use compound probabilities to forecast
the weather over an extended period of time.
80%
53. C; Since the marbles are not replaced, these
events are not independent.
P(first three red)
P(first red) P(second red) P(third red)
8
60.
2m2 7m 15
m 5
5
2
d
4 1
9m2 4
3m 2
2m2 7m 15 3m 2
9m2 4
m 5
(2m 3) (m 5)
3m 2
(3m 2) (3m 2)
m 5
(2m 3) (m 5)
m 5
1 2
d
0
7
4 5
9 7
(4) (9) (5) (7)
d c
d c
d
8
8
4
9
84
89
c
24 23 22
336
P(any one person) 10 or 5
51. Find the sum of the numbers within the three

circles.
36 38 8 25 2 5 3 117
There are 117 students who drive or are involved
in activities or have a job. There is a total of 120
students.
P(A or B or C)
n!
(n r)!r!
4!
(4 2)!2!
4!
2!2!
4 3 2!
2!2!
43
or 6
2!
Thus, there are 6 different possible committees

with our particular person and 10 possible
committees.
P(all three) 120 or 60
117
120
n!
(n r)!r!
5!
(5 3)!3!
5!
2!3!
5 4 3!
2!3!
54
or 10
2!
There are 10 possible committees.

56. Consider a particular person. Any committee for
which this person is selected must also have two
of the remaining four people. Find the number of
combinations of the remaining four people taken
two at a time.
0 120
55. Find the number of combinations of five people

taken three at a time.
3m 2
(3m 2) (3m 2)
1
2m 3
3m 2
12,144 or 253
61. 145 13 3 5
232 15
315
54. A; We can eliminate answer choices B, C, and D

with the following observation. The probabilty of
Yolanda making a free throw in one attempt is
0.8. Three attempts would increase the
probability that she makes a free throw. Thus,
the probability of Yolanda making at least one
free throw in three attempts is greater than 0.8
or 80%.
62. 1128 18 8 2
282 12
812
63. 240b4 223 5 b4

222 12 15 2b4
2 12 15 b2
2b2 110
621
Chapter 14
There are 5 ways to roll a sum of 6 and 36

distinct rolls.
64. 2120a3b
223 3 5 a3 b
222 12 13 15 2a2 1a 1b
2 12 13 15 0a 0 1a 1b
P(X 6) 36
6. First, find the probability that the sum is greater
than 6 on a single roll.
P(X 7 6)
P(X 7) P(X 8) P(X 9)
P(X 10) P(X 11) P(X 12)
2 0a 0 130ab
65. 317 612 (3 6)( 17 12)

1817 2
18114
67.
9
24
69.
63
128
9 24
68.
2
15
70.
5
52
0.375
0.492
71.
8
36
73.
81
2470
74.
18
1235
0.222
75.
18 1235
0.015
14-4 Probability Distributions

1. The probability of each event is between 0 and 1

inclusive. The probabilities for each value of the
random variable add up to 1.
2. Sample answer: The probability of tossing a coin
and getting a head versus getting a tail is the
same. No matter what is tossed, the same
probability is multiplied three times.
3. Sample answer: the number of possible correct
answers on a 5-question multiple-choice quiz, and
the probability of each
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Pages 779780
Practice and Apply
10. There are two possible outcomes on each spin, red

(R) and blue (B). Thus, for three spins, the
possible outcomes are RRR, RRB, RBR, RBB,
BRR, BRB, BBR, and BBB.
11. Each spin is an independent event.
P(X 0) P(RRR)
P(R) P(R) P(R)
1
444
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
64
P(x 1) P(RRB) P(RBR) P(BRR)
1
64
P(X 2) P(RBB) P(BRB) P(BBR)
1
444 444 444
64 64 64
There are 4 ways to roll a sum of 5 and 36

distinct rolls.
64
27
P(X 3) P(BBB)
P(X 5) 36 or 9
444
27
64
Chapter 14
64 64 64
P(X 4) 36 or 12
444 444 444
5. There are 3 ways to roll a sum of 4 and 36

distinct rolls.
3
7. For each value of X, the probability is greater

than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1.
0.05 0.10 0.40 0.40 0.05 1, so the
probabilities add up to 1.
8. The probability of passing the course is the sum
of the probabilities of earning an A, B, C, or D.
P(X
1.0) P(X 1.0) P(X 2.0)
P(X 3.0) P(X 4.0)
0.10 0.40 0.40 0.05
0.95
9. P(B or better ) P(X
3.0)
P(X 3.0) P(X 4.0)
0.40 0.05
0.45
0.036
4. Dice
1
2
3
4
5
6
343
128 3570
Page 779
1728
11 38
0.033
128
3570
0.289
81 2470
12 12 12
5 52
11
38
P(X 7 6 on three rolls)

P(X 7 6 on first roll)
P(X 7 6 on second roll) P(X 7 6 on third roll)
2 15
72.
21
Each roll is an independent event.
0.096
8 36
36 or 12
0.133
63 128
36 36 36 36 36 36
66. 13( 13 16) 13 13 13 16

232 13 13 12
3 232 12
3 312
622
12.
27
64
P(X )
32
64
24
64
16
64
23a. Let G represent a girl and B a boy. For a single

1
1
birth, P(G) 2 and P(B) 2.
If X 1, then the first child is a girl.
P(X 1) P(G)
27
64
9
64
8
64
2
1
64
1
2
X = Blue
If X 2, then the first child is a boy and the

second is a girl.
P(X 2) P(BG)
P(B) P(G)
If X = 3, then the first two children are boys and

the third is a girl.
P(X 3) P(BBG)
P(B) P(B) P(G)
1
2 2 2 or 8
If X 4, then the first three children are boys
and the fourth is a girl.
P(X 4) P(BBBG)
P(B) P(B) P(B) P(G)
1
2 2 2 2 or 16
23b. P(X 1) P(X 2) P(X 3)
P(X 4) P(X 7 4) 1
1
2
4 8 16 P(X 7 4) 1
15
16
P(X 7 4) 1
1
P(X 7 4) 16
24. Sample answer: A pet store owner could use
probability distributions to plan sales and special
events. Answers should include the following.
Determine the probability of each outcome of
an event and list them in a table.
The owner could look at the probability of a
customer owning more than one pet and
create special discounts for larger purchases.
25. A; P(X 2) P(X 0) P(X 1) P(X 2)
0.0625 0.25 0.375
0.6875
26. B; P(X 6 5) P(X 2) P(X 3) P(X 4)
0.3
0.25
P(X )
2 2 or 4
13. No; the probability of X 1 is less than the

probability of X 2, indicating that X 1 is less
likely to occur.
14. Let X the number of CDs. X can have values of
100, 200, 300, 400, and 500.
0.10 0.15 0.40 0.25 0.10 1,
so the probabilities add up to 1.
16. P(X 400) P(X 100) P(X 200)
P(X 300) P(X 400)
0.10 0.15 0.40 0.25
0.90
17. P(X 7 200) P(X 300) P(X 400)
P(X 500)
0.40 0.25 0.10
0.75
18. P(at most some college)
P( some high school) P(high school
graduate) P(some college)
0.167 0.333 0.173
0.673
19.
0.35
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
36 36 36
0
me
ee
gr
De e
re
ed
nc D e g
va
e
A d l o r ' s egre
e
sD
ch
Ba
t e'
c i a e ge
so
ll
As
Co
m e o o l ool
So
ch Sch
S
g h i gh
H
Hi
So
36 or 6 or about 0.17
Page 781
27. These are mutually exclusive events.

P(ace or ten) P(ace) P(ten)
20. Sample answer: Add the values for the bars

representing bachelors and advanced degrees.
21. No; 0.221 0.136 0.126 0.065 0.043 0.591.
The sum of the probabilities does not equal 1.
22. We would expect about 6.5% of the 35 women to
say they watch figure skating.
6.5% of 35 0.065(35)
2.275
We would expect about 2 women to say they
watch figure skating.
52 52
52 or 13
28. These are inclusive events.
P(3 or diamond) P(3) P(diamond)
P(3 and diamond)
4
13
16
52 52 52
52 or 13
623
Chapter 14
612 712
1312
29. These are inclusive events.

P(odd number or spade)
P(odd number) P(spade) P(odd number and spade)
30.
16
52
25
52
C
n r
C
10 7

13
52
38. 213 112 213 222 3

213 ( 222 13)
213 213
413
39. 317 2128 317 2222 7
317 2( 222 17)
317 2(217)
317 417
17
4
52
n!
(n r)!r!
10!
(10 7)!7!
10!
3!7!
10 9 8 7!
3!7!
10 9 8
3!
C
31.
n r
C
12 5

120
32. ( P ) ( P )
6 3 5 3

n!
(n r)!r!
12!
(12 5)!5!
12!
7!5!
12 11 10 9 8 7!
7!5!
12 11 10 9 8
5!
792
c
2 4
d
3 12
34. B A c
c
1.44
1.8
0.0825 12(4)
12
900(1.006875) 48
1250.46
The balance is $1250.46.
42. Sample answer: Monthly; the balance after four
years is greater with monthly compounding.
40
d
75
3 0
1 4
d
d c
5 7
2 5
43.
16
80
45.
30
114
0.2
44.
20
52
46.
57
120
20%
3 1 0 4
d
2 5 5 7
0.3846
38%
0.2632
26%
47.
72
340
0.2118
Page 781
0.475
48%
48.
54
162
21%
0.3333
33%
Practice Quiz 2

0.25 0.32 0.18 0.15 0.07 0.02
0.01 1, so the probabilities add up to 1.
2. P(X
4) P(X 4) P(X 5)
P(X 6) P(X 7)
0.15 0.07 0.02 0.01
0.25 or 25%
3.
0.35
or 0.8
0.3
P(X )
0.25
4
3
0.2
0.15
0.1
x3
0.05
x 3 when y 3.
37. 318 712 3222 2 7 12

3( 222 12) 712
3(212) 712
Chapter 14
A 900 1
y 0.8 when x 1.8.

36. First find k.
xy k
(1) (4) k
4 k
The equation is xy 4.
xy 4
x(3) 4
3x
3
r
41. A P 1 n nt
4 4
c
d
7 2
35. First find k.
xy k
(0.6) (2.4) k
1.44 k
The equation is xy 1.44.
Now find y when x 1.8.
xy 1.44
1.8y 1.44
y
0.0825 4(4)
4
900(1.020625) 16
1247.68
The balance after 4 years is $1247.68.
7200
3 0
1 4
33. A B c
d c
d
2 5
5 7
1 (3)
5 (2)
A 900 1
6!
5!

(6 3)! (5 3)!
6! 5!

3! 2!
654 543
1
1
c
r
40. A P 1 n nt
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
X Number of People
624
5. Sample answer: 5 marbles of two colors where

three of the marbles are one color to represent
making a free throw, and the other two are a
different color to represent missing a free throw.
Randomly pick one marble to simulate a free
throw 25 times.
9. Yes; 70% of the marbles in the bag represent
water and 30% represent land.
10. Since 30% of the Earths surface is land, the
theoretical probability that a meteorite reaching
the Earths surface hits land is 30%.
11. Brown represents hitting land. There are 19 and
a total of 56 19 or 75 occurrences.
4. These events are inclusive.

P(odd or greater than 4)
P(odd) P(greater than 4) P(odd and greater than 4)
5
10 10 10
10 or 5

P(less than 3 or greater than 7)
P(less than 3) P(greater than 7)
2
10 10
10 or 2
14-5 Probability Simulations

Page 783
19
P(hits land) 75
0.25 or about 25%
12. We would expect 25% of the next 500 meteorites
to hit land.
25% of 500 0.25(500)
125
We would expect 125 of the next 500 meteorites to
hit land.
Algebra Activity
1. Rolling a 2 is one of six possible outcomes.

P(rolling a 2)
1
6

P(rolling a 1 or a 6)
P(rolling a 1) P(rolling a 6)
1
66
6 or 3
Pages 785787
666
6 or 2
4. Sample answer: The classs probability is closer
since there are more trials.
5. Sample answer: The classs probability should be
closer to the theoretical probability.
6. Sample answer: The more times an experiment is
performed, the closer the experimental probability
is to the theoretical probability.
Page 785
Practice and Apply
13. Sample answer: a coin tossed 15 times

14. Sample answer: a spinner divided into 3 sections
1
1
where 2 represents cola, 3 represents diet cola,
1
and 6 represents root beer
15. Sample answer: a coin and a die since there are
12 possible outcomes
16. Sample answer: toss a coin and roll a die 100
times each
21. As you roll the dice more times, the experimental
probabilities should get closer to the theoretical
probabilities. Consider the following
theoretical probabilities.
3. P(rolling a value less than 4)

P(rolling a 1) P(rolling a 2) P(rolling a 3)
P(sum of 5) 36 or about 0.11
1. An empirical study uses more data than a single

study, and provides better calculations of
probability.
2. As the number of trials increases, the
experimental probabilities tend toward the
theoretical probabilities.
3. Sample answer: a survey of 100 people voting in a
two-person election where 50% of the people favor
each candidate; 100 coin tosses
4. If you flip a coin, the theoretical probability of
1
getting heads is 2. If you flip a coin twice and get
1 head and 1 tail, the experimental probability of
1
getting heads is also 2. However, if you flip a coin
twice and get two heads, then the experimental
2
probability of heads is 2 or 1. Thus, the theoretical
and experimental probabilities of an event are
sometimes the same.
P(sum of 9) 36 or about 0.11

Since these theoretical probabilities are close to
10%, we would expect to get a sum of 5 about 10%
of the time and a sum of 9 about 10% of the time.
22. There are a total of 787 people enrolled.
47
P(Preschool) 787 or about 0.060

46
P(Kindergarten) 787 or about 0.058

378
P(Elementary School) 787 or about 0.480

201
P(High School) 787 or about 0.255

115
P(College) 787 or about 0.146
625
Chapter 14
45. These events are independent.

P(3 dimes) P(dime) P(dime) P(dime)

P(Elementary or High School)
P(Elementary) P(High School)
0.480 0.255
0.735 or about 0.74 or 74%
24. We would expect about
be in kindergarten.
46
787
25
29.
31.
32.
33.
34.
15,625
18
125
46. These events are dependent.

P(nickel, quarter, dime)
P(nickel) P(quarter) P(dime)
of the new students to
12
25
55 54 53
We would expect about 105 of the new students to

be in kindergarten.
Sample answer: 3 coins 26. See students work.
See students work.
MMMMM, MMMMF, MMMFM, MMMFF,
MMFMM, MMFMF, MMFFM, MMFFF,
MFMMM, MFMMF, MFMFM, MFMFF, MFFMM,
MFFMF, MFFFM, MFFFF, FMMMM, FMMMF,
FMMFM, FMMFF, FMFMM, FMFMF, FMFFM,
FMFFF, FFMMM, FFMMF, FFMFM, FFMFF,
FFFMM, FFFMF, FFFFM, FFFFF
See students work.
See students work.
No; there were 181 heads out of the 300 tosses. The
experimental probability of heads is about 60%.
Sample answer: Probability can be used to
determine the likelihood that a medication or
treatment will be successful. Answers should
Experimental probability is determining
probability based on trials or studies.
To have the experimental probability more
closely resemble the theoretical probability the
researchers should perform more trials.
D; These are independent events.
P(2 tails and a 3) P(tail) P(tail) P(3)
1
25
166,375 or 1331
46
1787
2 (1800) 105.2
25.
27.
28.
25
55 55 55
5400
20
157,410 or 583
47. Find the number of combinations of 55 coins
taken 3 at a time.
C
55 3

55!
(55 3)!3!
55!
52!3!
55 54 53
3!
26,235
Now find the number of combinations of 2 dimes
and 1 quarter.
( 25C2 )( 12C1 )

25!
12!

(25 2)!2! (12 1)!1!
25!
12!

23!2! 11!1!
25 24 12
1
2!
3600
There are 3600 ways to pick 2 dimes and
1 quarter and a total of 26,235 ways to choose
3 coins.
3600
48.
2a 3
2
a 3
2a 3
2
a 3
35. B; There are three ways that the one head can
occurfirst, second, or thirdand there are eight
possible outcomes for flipping a coin three times.
(a 3) (a 3)
1
(a 3) (2a 3) 2(a 3)(a 3) 12(a 3)

(2a2 3a 9) (2a2 18) 12a 36
2a2 3a 9 2a2 18 12a 36
P(exactly one head) 8
3a 9 12a 36

9a 45
a5
The solution is 5.
r2
r 7
r2
r 7
49.

0.579 0.276 0.107 0.038 1, so the
43. P(X
2) P(X 2) P(X
3)
0.107 0.038
0.145
44. P(X 1) P(X 0) P(X 1)
0.579 0.276
0.855
Chapter 14
12
3
24
Page 788
a
2 (a 3)(a 3) 1a 12 3 2
1 (a 3)1(a 3) 2aa 33 2 1 (a 3)1(a 3) 21 2
(a 3)(a 3)
226

80
P(2 dimes and 1 quarter) 26,235 or 583
(r 7)
1
r 7
1
r
r2
7
1
50
r
50
r 7
7
14
14
1r r 7 r 50 7 2 (r 7)14
2 1

r 7
1
r
50
7
1
2 14(r 7)
r2 50 14r 98
r2 14r 48 0
(r 6)(r 8) 0
r 6 0 or r 8 0
r6
r8
626
12
a 3
1
50.
x(x 6)
1
x (x 6)
1
x 2
x
1
2 1

x 2
x 3
x6
x
x 2
x 3
x6
x
1
x(x 6)
1
x 3
6
x
1
x
x (x 6)
1
54. Let c be the length of the ladder which will be the

hypotenuse of the right triangle formed by the
house, the ground, and the ladder. The angle
formed by the ladder and the ground can be at
most 75; this angle is opposite the side of the
triangle formed by the house, which is 24 feet.
2 x(x 6) 11x 2
2
x
1
(x 6)(x 2) x(x 3) x 6
(x2 8x 12) (x2 3x) x 6
x2 8x 12 x2 3x x 6
5x 12 x 6
6x 18
x3
The solution is 3.
51.
14
2x 3
x
2
7
2x 3
x
2
7
x 3
14
x 3
14 14
2 1
sin75
sin75
c sin75 24
24
c sin75
c 24.8466
The shortest ladder he should buy is 25 feet long.
55. Since the measure of the longest side is 9, let
c 9, a 5, and b 7.
1141 2x 7 3 2 1141 2x 2 141 x 14 3

2
c2 a2 b2
?
92 52 72
?
81 25 49
81 74
Since c2 a2 b2, the triangle is not a right
triangle.
2(2x 3) 7x x 3
4x 6 7x x 3
3x 6 x 3
4x 9
9
x 4
56. Since the measure of the longest side is 3134, let

c 3134, a 9, and b 15.
c2 a2 b2
The solution is 4.

52.
n(n 1)
1
n(n 1)
1
5n
n 1
1
21
5n
1
n
n 1
5n
1
n
n 1
5
2 n(n 1)(5)
n (n 1)
1
1
n
1
?
(3134) 2 92 152
?
2 5n(n 1)
306 81 225
306 306
Since c2 a2 b2, the triangle is a right triangle.
57. Since the measure of the longest side is 93.6, let
c 93.6, a 36, and b 86.4.
c2 a2 b2
?
93.62 362 86.42
?
8760.96 1296 7464.96
8760.96 8760.96
Since c2 a2 b2, the triangle is a right triangle.
58. (x 6) 2 4
x 6 14
x 6 2
x6 2
x62 x62
8
4
{4, 8}
n(5n) (n 1) 5n2 5n
5n2 n 1 5n2 5n
n 1 5n
1 4n
56
1
4
n
7
3
1
4
53.
a 2
a 2
3(a 2) (a 2)
a
2
2
1aa 22 a 2 2 2 3(a 2) (a 2) 173 2
13(a 2)1(a 2) aa 22 2 13(a 2)1(a 2) (a 2 2) 2

1
opposite leg
hypotenuse
24
c
3 (a 2) (a 2)
1
7
3
1
3(a 2) (a 2) 3(a 2) (2) (a 2)(a 2) (7)

3(a2 4a 4) 6(a 2) 7(a2 4)
3a2 12a 12 6a 12 7a2 28
3a2 6a 24 7a2 28
10a2 6a 4 0
2(5a2 3a 2) 0
2(5a 2) (a 1) 0
5a 2 0 or a 1 0
5a 2
a 1
59.
x2 121 22x
x 22x 121 0
x2 2(x)(11) 112 0
(x 11) 2 0
x 11 0
x 11
{11}
2
a5
2
627
Chapter 14
60.
4x2 12x 9 0
(2x) 2(2x) (3) 32 0
(2x 3) 2 0
2x 3 0
2x 3
11. List the possible outcomes. Let J represent a win

for the Jackals and T a win for the Tigers.
If either team wins the first three games, the last
two games will not be played. Thus, two possible
outcomes are JJJ and TTT.
If either team achieves its third victory in the
fourth game, the fifth game will not be played.
Six more possible outcomes are JJTJ, JTJJ, TJJJ,
TTJT, TJTT, and JTTT.
If all five games are played, the possible outcomes
are JJTTJ, JTJTJ, JTTJJ, TJJTJ, TJTJJ, TTJJJ,
TTJJT, TJTJT, TJJTT, JTTJT, JTJTT, and JJTTT.
61.
x 2
532 6
25x2 20x 4
25x 20x 4 0
(5x) 2 2(5x) (2) 22 0
(5x 2) 2 0
5x 2 0
5x 2
2
62.
12. P
n r
P
x 5
525 6
4 2

49x2 84x 36 0
(7x) 2(7x) (6) 62 0
(7x 6) 2 0
7x 6 0
7x 6
2
C
4 4
6
7

2
63. 180x 100 81x

0 81x2 180x 100
0 (9x) 2 2(9x)(10) 102
0 (9x 10) 2
0 9x 10
10 9x
5 6
654
3!
7!
7!
16. ( P )( P ) (7 3)! (7 2)!

7 3 7 2
7! 7!
4! 5!
76576
8820
3!
2.
4.
6.
8.
4!
17. ( C ) ( P ) (3 2)!2! (4 1)!

3 2 4 1
3! 4!
1!2! 3!
3
14
factorial
1
mutually exclusive
Theoretical
12
18. P(blue, red, green)
P(blue) P(red) P(green)
22
30
22
74 73 72
14,520
605
388,944 or 16,206
19. P(red, red, blue)

P(red) P(red) P(blue)
9. There are a total of 10 videos, so she has

10 choices for the first video. Then after she has
chosen the first video, she has only 9 videos from
which to choose the second video. Then she has
8 choices for the third video. Use the
10 9 8 720
10. Use the Fundamental Counting Principle.
12 8 10 5 4800
Chapter 14
6!
3)!3!
140
Pages 789792
n!
(n r)!r!
4!
(4 4)!4!
4!
0!4!
4!
or 1
4!
1
x
permutation
independent
are not
1
7!

1.
3.
5.
7.
15. ( C ) ( C ) (7 1)!1! (6
7 1 6 3
7!
6!
6!1! 3!3!
10
9
Page 789
C
8 3
n!
(n r)!r!
8!
(8 3)!3!
8!
5!3!
8 7 6 5!
5! 3!
876
3!
56
14. C
n r
10
9
13. C
n r
4 3 or 12
x7
56
n!
(n r)!
4!
(4 2)!
4!
2!
4 3 2!
2!
30
29
22
74 73 72
19,140
1595
388,944 or 32,412
20. P(red, green, not blue)
P(red) P(green) P(not blue)
30
22
50
74 73 72
33,000
1375
388,944 or 16,206
628
21. P(diamond or club)

P(diamond) P(club)
13
13
26
52
1
2
52 52
or
Page 793
1. permutation
3. random variable
4.
22. P(heart or red)

P(heart) P(red) P(heart and red)
13
26
Clifton-2
Bakersville-1
Clifton-3
52 or 2
Clifton-4
Ashville
23. P(10 or spade)

P(10) P(spade) P(10 and spade)

4
52
16
52
13
52
4
or 13
Clifton-1
Clifton-2
Bakersville-2
1
52
Clifton-3
Clifton-4
Probability
Derry1
Derry2
Derry1
Derry2
Derry1
Derry2
Derry1
Derry2
Derry1
Derry2
Derry1
Derry2
Derry1
Derry2
Derry1
Derry2
A-B1-C1-D1
A-B1-C1-D2
A-B1-C2-D1
A-B1-C2-D2
A-B1-C3-D1
A-B1-C3-D2
A-B1-C4-D1
A-B1-C4-D2
A-B2-C1-D1
A-B2-C1-D2
A-B2-C2-D1
A-B2-C2-D2
A-B2-C3-D1
A-B2-C3-D2
A-B2-C4-D1
A-B2-C4-D2
5. We can either count the outcomes from the tree

diagram or use the Fundamental Counting
Principle.
2 4 2 16
There are 16 different routes from Ashville to
Derry.
6. Combination; order is not important. We find the
number of ways the students could choose 6 of
9 chairs.

0.04 0.12 0.37 0.30 0.17 1, so the
25. P(1 X 3)
P(X 1) P(X 2) P(X 3)
0.12 0.37 0.30
0.79 or 79%
26. Extracurricular Activities
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Clifton-1
13
52 52 52
26
2. experimental
C
n r
C
9 6

0
1
2
3 4
X Number of Activities
n!
(n r)!r!
9!
(9 6)!6!
9!
3!6!
9 8 7 6!
3!6!
987
3!
84
There are 84 ways to choose 6 of the 9 chairs.
7. Permutation; order is important. We find the
number of permutations of 10 participants taken
4 at a time.
27. Let R represent red and P represent pink. For a

single flower produced, P(R) 0.75 and
P(P) 0.25.
P(4 red, 1 pink) P(RRRRP) P(RRRPR)
P(RRPRR) P(RPRRR)
P(PRRRR)
P(R)P(R)P(R)P(R)P(P)
P(R)P(R)P(R)P(P)P(R)
P(R)P(R)P(P)P(R)P(R)
P(R)P(P)P(R)P(R)P(R)
P(P)P(R)P(R)P(R)P(R)
(0.75)(0.75)(0.75)(0.75)(0.25)
(0.75)(0.75)(0.75)(0.25)(0.75)
(0.75)(0.75)(0.25)(0.75)(0.75)
(0.75)(0.25)(0.75)(0.75)(0.75)
(0.25)(0.75)(0.75)(0.75)(0.75)
0.07910 0.07910 0.07910
0.07910 0.07910
0.396 or 39.6%
28. Sample answer: There are six possible outcomes,
so you could use a die.
29. Of the 80 total observations, 23 have 3 red and
2 pink.
P
n r
P
10 4

n!
(n r)!
10!
(10 4)!
10!
6!
10 9 8 7 6!
6!
10 9 8 7 or 5040
There are 5040 different ways that 10 participants
can finish first, second, third, and fourth.
8. Permutation; since each has a separate
responsibility, order is important. We find the
number of permutations of 15 girls taken 2 at a
time and 19 boys taken 2 at a time and use the
115P22119P22 (1515! 2)! (1919! 2)!

15!
19!
13! 17!
23
P(3 red, 2 pink) 80
15 14
1
19 18
1
71,820
There are 71,820 possible committees.
0.2875 or about 28.8%
629
Chapter 14
9. These are dependent events.

P(blue, green) P(blue) P(green)
6
19. First find P(queen or red). These events are

inclusive.
P(queen or red)
P(queen) P(red) P(queen and red)
16 15
12
240 or 20
P(yellow, yellow) P(yellow) P(yellow)
4
240 or 20
20. First find P(ace or heart) after a black 10 has

been selected and not replaced.
P(ace or heart)
P(ace) P(heart) P(ace and heart)
3360 or 35
16
P(black 10, ace or heart)

P(black 10) P(ace or heart)
3360 or 35
13. These are independent events.

P(yellow, 4) P(yellow) P(4)
1
32
21. To find the probability for each number of heads,

divide the number of outcomes given by 16, the
total number of outcomes.
48
P(red, even) P(red) P(even)
Four Coins Tossed

X Number of Heads Probability
0
0.0625
1
0.25
2
0.375
3
0.25
4
0.0625
86
1
48 or 16
P(purple or white, not prime)
P(purple or white) P(not prime)
2
86
6
22. From the probability distribution, we see that

P(X 0) 0.0625 or 6.25%.
23. P(X
2) P(X 2) P(X 3) P(X 4)
0.375 0.25 0.0625
0.6875 or 68.75%
24. When there are two tails, there are also two heads.
P(two tails) P(two heads)
P(X 2)
0.375 or 37.5%
25. D; Three numbers a, b, and c can be arranged in
6 different ways.
a, b, c
a, c, b
b, a, c
c, a, b
b, c, a
c, b, a
48 or 8
P(green, even or less than 5)
P(green) P(even or less than 5)
1
86
5
48
P(club, heart) P(club) P(heart)
13
13
52 51
169
13
2652 or 204
P(black 7, diamond) P(black 7) P(diamond)
2
13
52 51
26
2652 or 102
Chapter 14
2652 or 663
16
52 51
86
51
12
16 15 14
288
13
51 51 51
P(blue, red, not green) P(blue) P(red) P(not green)

6
663
16 15 14
96
13 51

P(red, blue, yellow) P(red) P(blue) P(yellow)
6
28
P(queen or red, jack of spades)

P(queen or red) P(jack of spades)
26
52 or 13
16 15
12
52 52 52
630
9. D; There are 26 choices for each character. Use

the Fundamental Counting Principle.
26 26 26 17,576
There are 17,576 possible passwords.
10. Solve the system of equations.
x 4y 0
2x 3y 11
x 4y 0
x 4y
Substitute 4y for x in the second equation.
2x 3y 11
2(4y) 3y 11
8y 3y 11
11y 11
y 1
Use x 4y to find x.
x 4y
4(1) or 4
The intersection point is (4, 1).

Pages 794795
1. D; Since the average of a and b is 20, we have
a b
20 or a b 40. Since the average of a,
2
a b c
b, and c is 25, we have
25 or
3
a b c 75. Substitute 40 for a b and solve
for c.
a b c 75
40 c 75
c 35
2. D; Since the formula for the volume of a cube is
V s3 and the volume of the cube is 27 cubic
inches, s3 27 where s is the length of an edge of
the cube. Thus, s 3.
surface area 6s2
6(3) 2
6(9) or 54
The surface area of the cube is 54 square inches.
3. B; Assuming that the truck is traveling at a
constant speed, the truck is halfway between the
1
two towns after 2 hour. Thus, the car has traveled
1
for 2 hour when the truck reaches Newton.
d rt
4x 4x 1 1
4x2 4x
The equation is true for all values of x.
12. Determine whether c2 a2 b2.
c2 a2 b2
60 2
30
The car has traveled 30 miles.
4. A; One point on the graph appears to have
coordinates (70, 50). Check (70, 50) in each
equation. The only equation given that has
1
(70, 50) as a solution is y 2x 15.
5. C; There are eight possible outcomes. Three of the
outcomes have exactly one boy, since the boy
could be born first, second, or third.
?
( 174) 2 52 72
?
74 25 49
74 74
The triangle is a right triangle with hypotenuse c.
Thus, the angle opposite side c measures 90.
13. There are 9 possible digits for each of the first
and last digits of the four digits. There are 10
possible digits for each of the remaining two
digits. Use the Fundamental Counting Principle.
9 10 10 9 8100
There are 8100 telephone numbers available.
P(exactly one boy) 8

6. C; 52 52 or 25
1
1
1
11. 4 x 2 2 1 4 x2 x 4 1
x2 x 20
x x 20 0
(x 5)(x 4) 0
or x 4 0
x50
x 5
x4
8. B; The ordered pairs (2, 2) and (7, 8) describe the
locations of the planes relative to the airport. Use
the distance formula to find the distance between
the planes.
7. D;
14. On a single roll, P(left) 6 or 3 and

4
2
P(right) 6 or 3. These are independent events.
There are two ways to reach the goal in two turns:
first go left then right or first go right then left.
P(reach goal in two turns)
P(left the right) P(right then left)
P(left) P(right) P(right) P(left)
33 33
2
9 9 or 9
d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
15. A; 3x 15 7
3x 7
x 7
2y 3 7
2y 7
y 6
Thus, x 7 10
d 2(8 2) 2 (7 2) 2
d 262 52
d 161 or about 7.8
The planes are about 7.8 miles apart.
631
45
30
10
17
20
10
7 y.
Chapter 14
18a. 10 Random Specials are possible

You can list all of the combinations, using
letters for each topping.
PS PO PM PG
SO SM SG
OM OG
MG
There are 10 possible combinations.
18b. Of the ten combinations, four include mushrooms.
The probability of mushrooms on a Random
4
Special pizza is 10 or 40%.
12!
4)!
16. A; 12P4 (12

12!
8!
12 11 10 9 or 11,880
C
10 6

10!
(10 6)!6!
10!
4!6!
10 9 8 7
4!
or 210
Thus, 12P4 7 10C6.

17. B; These are dependent events.
P(blue, green) P(blue) P(green)
7
14 13
14
182 or about 0.08

P(red, red) P(red) P(red)
5
14 13
20
182 or about 0.11

Thus, P(blue, green) P(red, red).
Chapter 14
632
PQ249-6481F-PR[633-642] 26/9/02 8:20 PM Page 633 Sahuja Ahuja_QXP_06:Desktop Folder:Chandra:Algebra_FNL_Delivery:
Prerequisite Skills
Page 799
Operations with Fractions: Adding

and Subtracting
1.
2
5
5
3.
4
3
4
3

5.
5
16
2 1
5
3
5

7.
6
9
9.
28
40
11.
27
99
13.
2
9
2
3
7
2
10.
27 9
99 9
12.
24
180
3
11
14.
2
15
16.
17.
1
9

19.
1
2
4
3
9
23.
1
4
20.
5
4
3
4
2
3
26.
8
9
27.
3
7
28.
15.

31.
3
4
30.
3
5
32.
4
15
33.
4
15

55
60
39
60
13
20
34.
1
8
15
3
2
15
2
7
2
9
4
12.
15
1
or 32
3 23
1
3
5 35
1
5
1
18 4 18
14.
11
3
44
11
3
44
4
2
7
14
3
9
10
3
10
24
88
35
88
7
1
4
3
10
14
3
or
1
3
16.
2
11
110
17
1
13
11
1
12
20
17
18.
1
3
15
2
4
19
30
3
1
10
30
11
110
17
3
or 117
12
19 3 19
3 11 3
20.
6
5
10
5
2
15
2
1
or 22
10
12 5 12
10
2
11
1
21.

6
10
45
7
6
1
3
2
23.
11
88
1
22
22
1
3
2
is 3.
14
23
1
1
22
is 22.
14
23
is 14 or 114.
23
14 1
The reciprocal of
633
is 6 or 16.
The reciprocal of
24.
6
7
3 1
The reciprocal of
6
7
The reciprocal of
22.
16
15
2
1
9

19.
61
3
11
10.
60 or 160
16
60
17.
4 60 60
12
21
11 3 11
2
13
3 12 12
11
12
9
10
2
3
or 54
33
2 92
29. 1
2
9
20
1
19
8.
4
19
19
18
19
12
21
4
5 35
5 20 20
11
73
2 22
14
1
19
1
3
399
13
20
7
2
8
6.
13.
9
14 14 14
51
1
6
2
4 12 12
2
23
7 57
2
11
2
5
35
4 24
0
24.
4.
12
22
5
2

11.
3
2
3
5
22. 12 2 2 2
5 20 20
13
20 5 20
9.
366
20
25.
21
1
2
2
4
1
2
or 19
21
3 73
15
9
7.
12
9
17
9
2
7
3
4
2.
8
88
1
2
5.
15 15
1
5
2
15
444
21.
18.
3.
24 12
3
9
1
3
31
5 45
3
180 12
1
4
9
3
4
4
25
7
8
125
Operations with Fractions: Multiplying

and Dividing
20
16 4
18
143
6 150 150
150
100
1
3
33
1.
100 4
99
Page 801
1
2
3
25
36.
7 7
7
10
44
2
14 7
16
100
94
50
7 4
2
3
1
or 12
2
7
14
11
25 100 100
100
3 4
9
7
9
2
28 4

15.
8.
40 4
4
9
94
100
2 1
7
1
7
6 3
3
2
3
4.
3
9
6.
9
7
5 4
16
1
16
2
7
4 4
3
8
2
or 23
3
16
2.
35.
23
Prerequisite Skills
24
25.
11
4
11
4
11. The part is 16, and the base is 40. Let p represent
the percent.
11 1
3
a
b
16
40

26.
1
53
16 3

3 16
16
3
2
3
1600
40
3 31
28.
16
9
30.
3
7
3
2
2 21
5
2 or 3
31.
9
10
7 10 3
32.
1
2
5
63
30
21
16 9

9 4
144
36 or 4
3 5
71
15
1
7 or 27
1 5
23
5
6
a
b
14
b
33.
35.
37.
1
2
9
1
42
9 2
41
18
4
9
1
2 or 42
11
2
11
5
13 12 3
12
11 3
12 5
33
11
60 or 20
1
1
1
6
15 3 5
3
1 5
36
5
18
Page 803
1.
3.
5.
2
3

36.
38.
3
8
3
25
1
4
1400
20
4
2
3
3
4 3

3 2
12
or 2
6
3 4
81
12
8
3
2 or
2
3
25
15
45
50
0.9
2.
4.
6.
8.
9
1000
1400
1400% 100
a
b
80
b
8000
50
a
b
a
18
60
3
60% 100 or 5
120
6
120% 100 or 5
2.5
2.5% 100
25
1
1000 or 40
0.4
0.4% 100
4
1
1000 or 250
100a
100
100
50
100
50b
50
100
25
100
450
100
a 4.5
4.5 is 25% of 18.
15. The percent is 10, and the base is 95. Let a
represent the part.
a
b
a
95
or 14
100
10
100
100a 95(10)
100a 950
100a
100
100
950
100
a 9.5
9.5 is 10% of 95.
125p
125
20 p
25 is 20% of 125.
Prerequisite Skills
20b
20
100a 18(25)
100a 450
100
160 b
80 is 50% of 160.
represent the part.
or 10
25(100) 125p
2500 125p
2500
125
20
100
80(100) 50b
8000 50b
1
12
15
2
10. The part is 25, and the base is 125. Let p

a
b
25
125
100
70 b
14 is 20% of 70.
13. The part is 80, and the percent is 50. Let b
represent the base.
The Percent Proportion
5
1
5% 100 or 20
11
11% 100
78
39
78% 100 or 50
7. 0.9% 100
9.
34.
1
13
40p
40
14(100) 20b
1400 20b
10 or 210
1
24
40 p
16 is 40% of 40.
represent the base.
9
3 or 2
29.
100
16(100) 40p
1600 40p
1

27.
100
634

represent the base.
the percent.
a
b
30
48
a
b
49
b
100
p
100
30(100) 48p
3000 48p
3000
48
4900
200
62.5 p
30 is 62.5% of 48.
represent the part.
a
b
a
32
200
100
49(100) 200b
4900 200b
48p
48
100
200b
200
24.5 b
49 is 200% of 24.5.
the percent.
100
a
b
15
12
100a 32(150)
100a 4800
15(100) 12p
1500 12p
100a
100
100
150
1500
12
4800
100
a
b
48
32
100
5
100
4800
32
5b
5
a
b
a
20
100
p
100
100a
100
400p
400

a
b
36
40
p
100
0.5
100
32p
32
100
85
100
1700
100
100
p
100
3600 40p
100a 250(0.5)
100a 125
100a
100
100
a 17
Madeline will likely make 17 of the 20 shots.
the percent.
0.25 p
1 is 0.25% of 400.
20. The percent is 0.5, and the base is 250. Let a
represent the part.
a
b
a
250
100
100a 1700
1(100) 400p
100 400p
100
400
12p
12
150 p
48 is 150% of 32.
represent the part.
70 b
3.5 is 5% of 70.
the percent.
a
b
1
400
48(100) 32p
4800 32p
3.5(100) 5b
350 5b
350
5
100
125 p
15 is 125% of 12.
the percent.
a 48
48 is 150% of 32.
18. The part is 3.5, and the percent is 5. Let b
represent the base.
a
b
3.5
b
100
3600
40
40p
40
90 p
Brian answered 90% of the questions correctly.
125
100
a 1.25
1.25 is 0.5% of 250.
635
Prerequisite Skills

represent the base.
a
b
4
b
7.
3
10
80
100
25
13. Let N 0.6 or 0.666 p .

Then 10N 6.666 p
10N 6.666 p
1N 0.666 p
9N 6
6
So, 0.6 3.
15
100
34
17
14. 0.0034 10,000 or 5000

8
15. 2.08 2100 or 225
15b
15
16. 0.004 1000 or 250
20 b
The recommended number of grams of saturated
fat is 20.
represent the base.
p
100
20
100
47,000 20b
20b
20
2350 b
The recommended daily value of sodium is
2350 mg or 2.35 g.
30. The part is 110, and the base is 250. Let p
17.
19.
21.
23.
25.
27.
29.
31.
0.4 40%
2.5 250%
0.065 6.5%
0.005 0.5%
45% 0.45
68% 0.68
200% 2
5.2% 0.052
18.
20.
22.
24.
26.
28.
30.
32.
0.08 8%
0.33 33%
5 500%
0.3 33.3%
3% 0.03
115% 1.15
0.1% 0.001
10.5% 0.105
33.
3
4
34.
9
20
0.75
75%
35.
1
2
37.
1
3
0.5
39.
11,000 250p
0.3333 p
6
5
1.2
40.
70
43. 52% 0.52
Expressing Fractions as Decimals

and Percents
38
2.
2
5
0.375
3.
2
3
23
0.666 p or 0.6
Prerequisite Skills
25
4.
1000
34
0.75
636
0.76
100
25
100 or 4
46. 135% 1.35
3
50
47. 0.1% 0.001
0.4
3
4
or
19
25
44. 25% 0.25

13
45. 6% 0.06
6
100
0.875
76%
42. 3% 0.03
100 or 10
52
1.
38.
7
8
0.1666 p
87.5%
100 or 25
3
8
1
6
16.7%
120%
41. 70% 0.70
250p
250
44 p
44% of the Calories come from fat.
Page 805
36.
33.3%
100
0.45
45%
50%
100
N 9 or 3
11,000
250
So, 0.45 11.
100
a
b
110
250
45
120p
120
N 99 or 11
47,000
20
56
10. 0.25 100 or 4
100
a
b
470
b
5
6
12. Let N 0.45 or 0.4545 p .

Then 100N 45.4545 p
100N 45.4545 p
1N 0.4545 p
99N 45
8.
0.8333 p or 0.83
9
10
24
300 15b
300
15
59
11. 5.24 5100 or 525
5p
The solution is 5% glucose.
represent the base.
a
b
3
b
5
9
0.555 p or 0.5
3 10
9. 0.9
80b
80
100
6.
0.3
600 120p
600
120
12
0.5
5b
Jos played 5 games of solitaire.
the percent.
a
b
6
120
1
2
100
400 80b
400
80
5.
35
1100 or 120
48. 0.5% 0.005
5
1000
or 200
Page 807
Making Bar and Line Graphs
Page 809
1. A line graph is the better choice since we are

looking at how one quantity, the size of the plant,
changes over time.
2. A bar graph is the better choice since we are
comparing three different quantities, the
populations of Idaho, Montana, and Texas.
making a comparison of the number of students
in several classes.
4. A line graph is the better choice since we are
looking at how a single quantity, your height, has
changed over time.
comparing the number of people in two categories,
those who shower in the morning and those who
shower at night.
6.
Hours of Sleep
10
Number of Hours
Making Circle Graphs
1. Find the number of degrees for each continent

or region.
North America:
7.9% of 360 0.079 360
28
South America:
5.7% of 360 0.057 360
21
Europe:
12.0% of 360 0.12 360
43
Asia:
60.7% of 360 0.607 360
219
Africa:
13.2% of 360 0.132 360
48
Australia:
0.5% of 360 0.005 360
2
Antarctica:
0% of 360 0
Due to rounding, the angles do not total 360.
Make the circle graph.
8
6
4
2
World Population, 2000
0
Alana Kwam Tomas Nick
Student
Kate Sharla
Lawn Care Profits
7.
Asia
60%
North
America
8%
Europe
South
12%
America
6%
2. Find the number of degrees for each part of the
body. There are a total of 206 bones in the body.
Profits ($)
200
150
100
50
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213 1415
Week
8.
29
360 51
206
26
Spine: 206 360 45
Skull:
Play Attendance
Number of People
Africa Australia
13%
1%
25
206
360 44
50
Ribs and Breastbone:
40
Shoulders, Arms, and Hands:

64
206
30
360 112
Pelvis, Legs, and Feet:
20
62
206
360 108
Make the circle graph.

10
Bones in Parts of the Human Body
0
Under 20-39 40-59 60 and
20
over
Age
Shoulders,
Arms,
Hands,
64
Ribs, Breast bones

25
637
Pelvis,
Legs,
Feet,
62
Skull,
29
Spine,
26
Prerequisite Skills
Page 811
Identifying Two-Dimensional Figures
Page 814
1. The triangle has all acute angles and no

congruent sides. It is an acute scalene triangle.
2. The triangle has all acute angles and all sides
congruent. It is an acute equilateral triangle.
3. The triangle has one obtuse angle and two
congruent sides. It is an obtuse isosceles triangle.
4. The triangle has one right angle and no
congruent sides. It is a right scalene triangle.
5. The figure has six sides. It is a hexagon.
6. The figure has five sides. It is a pentagon.
7. The figure has four sides with opposite sides
congruent and four right angles. It is a
quadrilateral, a parallelogram, and a rectangle.
parallel, four congruent sides, and four right
angles. It is a quadrilateral, a parallelogram, a
rectangle, a rhombus, and a square.
parallel. It is a quadrilateral and a parallelogram.
10. The figure has four sides with one pair of opposite
sides parallel. It is a quadrilateral and a trapezoid.
congruent and four right angles. It is a
quadrilateral, a parallelogram, and a rectangle.
12. The figure has four congruent sides. It is a
quadrilateral, a parallelogram, and a rhombus.
13. The figure has eight sides. It is an octagon.
14. The figure has four sides, none of which are
either parallel or congruent. It is a quadrilateral.
15. The figure has five sides. It is a pentagon.
Page 812
1. P 2(/ w)
2(3 2)
2(5)
10
A /w
32
6
The perimeter is 10 centimeters, and the area is
6 square centimeters.
2. P 4s
4(1)
4
A s2
12
1
The perimeter is 4 inches, and the area is
1 square inch.
3. P 2(/ w)
2(1 7)
2(8)
16
A /w
17
7
The perimeter is 16 yards, and the area is
7 square yards.
4. P 4s
4(7)
28
A s2
72
49
The perimeter is 28 kilometers, and the area is
49 square kilometers.
5. P 2(6 4)
2(10)
20
A 64
24
The perimeter is 20 feet, and the area is
24 square feet.
6. P 2(12 9)
2(21)
42
A 12 9
108
The perimeter is 42 centimeters, and the area is
108 square centimeters.
7. P 4(3)
12
Identifying Three-Dimensional Figures
1. The figure has two parallel, congruent faces that

are rectangles. It is a rectangular prism.
2. The figure has one base that is a triangle and three
faces that are triangles. It is a triangular pyramid.
3. The figure is a sphere.
are triangles. It is a triangular prism.
5. The figure has one base that is a rectangle and
four faces that are triangles. It is a rectangular
pyramid.
6. The figure has a circular base and one vertex. It
is a cone.
7. The figure is a rectangular prism in which all of
the faces are squares. It is a cube.
are triangles. It is a triangular prism.
9. The figure has one base that is a rectangle and
four faces that are triangles. It is a rectangular
pyramid.
Prerequisite Skills
Perimeter and Area of Squares

and Rectangles
A 32
9
The perimeter is 12 meters, and the area is
12 square meters.
638
8. P 4(15)
60
Page 816
A 152
225
225 square inches.
1 112
1
2 1 192 2
39
21 2 2
9. P 2
1
82
39
1
A 82 11

17 11
1
2
187
or
2
932

1
932 square inches.
1
1 1
2
1
2
2 1 124 144 2
3
2 1 264 2
107
21 4 2
10. P 2 124 142
107
2
or 532
49 29
2
4
1421
or
8
is about 18.8 meters.
is about 31.4 inches.
is about 75.4 centimeters.
is about 9.4 kilometers.
is about 3.1 yards.
1 12
1
1 54 2
A 124 142
Area and Circumference of Circles
1. C 2r
2(3)
6
18.8
The circumference
2. C d
(10)
10
31.4
The circumference
3. C 2r
2(12)
24
75.4
The circumference
4. C 2r
2(1.5)
3
9.4
The circumference
5. C d
(1)

3.1
The circumference
6. C d
54
1778
16.5
The circumference is about 16.5 feet.
7. C 2r
The perimeter is 532 feet, and the area is

5
1778 square feet.
1 12
11. P 4(2.4)
9.6
A (2.4) 2
5.76
The perimeter is 9.6 centimeters, and the area is
5.76 square centimeters.
12. P 4(5.8)
23.2
A (5.8) 2
33.64
The perimeter is 23.2 meters, and the area is
33.64 square meters.
13. P 2(18 90)
2(108)
216
A 18 90
1620
The perimeter for each plot of the garden is
216 feet, and the area is 1620 square feet.
2 242
49
153.9
The circumference is about 153.9 inches.
8. A r2
(5) 2
25
78.5
The area is about 78.5 square inches.
9. A r2
(2) 2
4
12.6
The area is about 12.6 square feet.
10. The radius is one-half times the diameter, or
1 km.
A r2
(1) 2

3.1
The area is about 3.1 square kilometers.
639
Prerequisite Skills
11. The radius is one-half times the diameter, or 2 yd.

A r2
(2) 2
4
12.6 yd2
The area is about 12.6 square yards.
Page 817
252
2.
12. A r2
(1) 2

3.1
The area is about 3.1 square meters.
13. A r2
(1.5) 2
2.25
7.1
The area is about 7.1 square feet.
14. The radius is one-half the diameter, or 7.5 cm.
A r2
(7.5) 2
56.25
176.7
The area is about 176.7 square centimeters.
15. C 2r
25,000 2r
25,000
2
Volume
1. V / w h
3.
4.
5.
6.
2r
2
7.
3979 r
The tunnel would be about 3979 miles.
16. C d
(27)
27
84.82
The bicycle will travel about 84.82 inches for one
rotation of the tire. Multiply by 10.
10 84.82 848.2
The bicycle will travel about 848.2 inches in
10 rotations of the tire.
17. A r2
(2) 2
4
13
The area of the region that will benefit from the
system is about 13 square miles.
18. The radius is one-half times the diameter, or
125 feet.
A r2
(125) 2
15,625
49,087.4
The grass and sidewalk cover about
49,087.4 square feet of area.
8.
5
The volume is 5 cubic inches.
V /wh
12 3 2
72
The volume is 72 cubic centimeters.
V /wh
621
12
The volume is 12 cubic yards.
V /wh
100 1 10
1000
The volume is 1000 cubic meters.
V /wh
225
20
The volume is 20 cubic meters.
V /wh
12 6 2
144
The volume is 144 cubic inches.
V /wh
8 5 5.5
220
The volume of the tank is 220 cubic feet.
V /wh
1
18 10 112
2070
The volume of the microwave oven is 2070 cubic
inches.
9. V / w h
222
8
The volume of the cube is 8 cubic meters.
10. 8 4 4 128
The volume of a full cord of firewood is 128 cubic
feet.
1
11. 8 4 22 80
1
The volume of a short cord of 22-foot logs is

80 cubic feet.
12. 12 2 h 128
24 h 128
h
h
128
24
16
or
3
53 feet or 5 ft 4 in.
The stack will be 5 feet 4 inches high.
Prerequisite Skills
640
Page 819
The numbers 201 and 199 each occur twice,

and the number 200 occurs only once. The
numbers that appear most often in the set are
201 and 199. The modes are 201 and 199.
7. {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
Mean, Median, and Mode
1. {1, 2, 3, 5, 5, 6, 13}
mean
1 2 3 5 5 6 13
7
35
or 5
7
mean
The set is arranged in order. The middle number

in the set is 5. The median is 5.
The number that appears most often in the set is
5. The mode is 5.
2. {3, 5, 8, 1, 4, 11, 3}
mean

All numbers in the set occur exactly once. There
is no mode.
8. {3, 7, 21, 23, 63, 27, 29, 95, 23}
3 5 8 1 4 11 3
7
35
or
5
7
mean
Order the numbers from least to greatest.

1, 3, 3, 4, 5, 8, 11
The middle number in the set is 4. The median is 4.
3. The mode is 3.
3. {52, 53, 53, 53, 55, 55, 57}
mean
52 53 53 53 55 55 57
7
378
or
54
7
mean
8 7 5 19
4
39
or 9.75
4
15
2
2 2.5
2
or 7.5
mean
or 2.25
5 7 5 4 3 3 8
7
35
or
5
7

3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 7, 8
The numbers 3 and 5 each occur twice, and all
other numbers occur only once. The numbers that
appear most often in the set are 3 and 5. The
modes are 3 and 5.
11. 17.6, 16.0, 14.1, 13.7, 13.5, 12.9, 12.3, 11.6, 11.4, 11.4
mean
3 11 26 4 1
5
45
or
9
5

1, 3, 4, 11, 26
is no mode.
6. {201, 201, 200, 199, 199}
mean
4.5
2
The median is $2.25.

The amount that appears most often is $2.00. The
mode is $2.00.
10. 5, 7, 5, 4, 3, 3, 8
The median is 7.5.

is no mode.
5. {3, 11, 26, 4, 1}
mean
0.5 2 2 1.25 5.25 3 2.5 3.5

8
20
or $2.50
8

0.5, 1.25, 2, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 5.25
There is an even number of items. Find the mean
of the middle two.

5, 7, 8, 19
of the middle two.
7 8
2
3 7 21 23 63 27 29 95 23
9
291
1
or
32
9
3

3, 7, 21, 23, 23, 27, 29, 63, 95
The middle number in the set is 23. The median
is 23.
23. The mode is 23.
9. $0.50, $2.00, $2.00, $1.25, $5.25, $3.00, $2.50, $3.50

53. The mode is 53.
4. {8, 7, 5, 19}
mean
4 5 6 7 8
5
30
or 6
5
201 201 200 199 199

5
1000
or
200
5
17.6 16.0 14.1 13.7 13.5 12.9 12.3 11.6 11.4 11.4
10
134.5
10
or 13.45

11.4, 11.4, 11.6, 12.3, 12.9, 13.5, 13.7, 14.1, 16.0, 17.6
of the middle two.

199, 199, 200, 201, 201
The middle number in the set is 200. The median
is 200.
12.9 13.5
2
26.4
2
or 13.2
The median is 13.2.

The number that appears most often is 11.4. The
mode is 11.4.
641
Prerequisite Skills
12. Let x represent Bills score on the fifth test.

mean
88
88
14. mean
sum of the first four scores fifth score

5
86 90 84 91 x
5
351 x
5

440 351 x
89 x
Bill must earn 89 on the fifth test.
Olivias new average score will be about 92.7.
13. Let x represent Sues score for the tenth game.

mean
110
110
9(average score of first 9 games) tenth score

10
9(108) x
10
972 x
10
1100 972 x
128 x
Sue needs to score 128 in the tenth game.
Prerequisite Skills
5(average score of first 5 tests) sixth score

6
5(92) 96
6
460 96
6
556
6
2
923 or about 92.7
642
PQ249J-6481F-15-19[643-685] 26/9/02 9:49 PM Page 643 Sahuja Ahuja_QXP_06:Desktop Folder:Chandra:Algebra_FNL_Delivery:
Extra Practice
Page 820
5. (8 1) 3 (7) 3
21
Lesson 1-1

be written as b 21.
2. The word product implies multiply, so the
expression can be written as 7x.
3. The words increased by imply add, so the
expression can be written as t 6.
the expression can be written as 4 6z.
5. Increased by implies add, and times implies
10 4a.
the expression can be written as 8 (2n).
7. The word cube means to raise to the third power,
1
so the expression can be written as 2x3.
8. The word square means to raise to the second
4
power, so the expression can be written as 5m2.
6. 4(5 3) 2 4(2) 2
4(4)
16
7. 3(12 3) 5 9 3(15) 5 9
45 45
0
8. 53 63 52 125 216 25
341 25
316
9. 16 2 5 3 6 8 5 3 6
40 3 6
120 6
20
10. 7(53 32 ) 7(125 9)
7(134)
938
9. 24 2 2 2 2
16
2
10. 10 10 10
100
3
11. 7 7 7 7
343
12.
203
11.

36 12
64
48
64
48
24
2
12. 25
20 20 20
8000
13. 36 3 3 3 3 3 3
729
13.
14. 45 4 4 4 4 4
1024
15. Sample answer: two times n
16. Sample answer: ten to the seventh power
17. Sample answer: m to the fifth power
18. Sample answer: the product of x and y
19. Sample answer: five times n squared minus 6
20. Sample answer: nine times a cubed plus 1
21. Sample answer: x cubed times y squared
22. Sample answer: c to the fourth power times d to
the sixth power
23. Sample answer: three times e plus 2 times
e squared
Page 820
94 26
64
14.
15.
16.
1
(18
3
9) 25 3 (27)
25 9
16
8a b 8 2 5
16 5
21
48 ab 48 2 5
48 10
58
a(6 3n) 2(6 3 10)
2(6 30)
2(24)
48
bx an 5 4 2 10
20 20
40
17. x2 4n 42 4 10
16 4 10
16 40
24
18. 3b 16a 9n 3 5 16 2 9 10
15 32 90
47 90
43
Lesson 1-2
1. 3 8 2 5 3 4 5
75
2
2. 4 7 2 8 4 14 8
18 8
26
3. 5(9 3) 3 4 5(12) 3 4
60 12
48
19. n2 3(a 4) 102 3(2 4)

102 3(6)
100 3(6)
100 18
118
4. 9 32 9 9
0
643
Extra Practice
4. Replace y in 5y 4 11 with each value in the

replacement set for y.
20. (2x) 2 an 5b (2 4) 2 2 10 5 5
(8) 2 2 10 5 5
64 2 10 5 5
64 20 25
84 25
59
5y 4 11
y
1
3
21. [a 8(b 2) ] 2 4 [2 8(5 2) ] 2 4

[2 8(3) ] 2 4
[2 24] 2 4
[26] 2 4
676 4
169
5
7
9
5 1 4 11 S 1 11
5 3 4 11 S 11 11
5 5 4 11 S 21 11
0
2
4
6
8
0 4 4 S 4 4
?
2 4 4 S 2 4
?
444 S 04
?
644 S 24
?
844 S 44
5 7 4 11 S 31 11
25 y 18
?
25 1 18 S 24 18
25 3 18 S 22 18
5
7
9
?
?
25 5 18 S 20 18
?
25 7 18 S 18 18
?
25 9 18 S 16 18
True or False?
false
false
false
false
5 9 4 11 S 41 11
3x 1 25
0
2
3 0 1 25 S 1 25
?
3 2 1 25 S 7 25
?
3 4 1 25 S 13 25
3 6 1 25 S 19 25
3 8 1 25 S 25 25
?
?
14
true
96
x
96
2
96
4
96
6
96
x
2
True or False?
2 14 S undefined
false
2 14 S 50 14
false
2 14 S 26 14
false
2 14 S 18 14
false
96
8
2 14 S 14 14
The solution of 14
96
x
true
2 is 8.
y
3
6. Replace y in 0 3 with each value in the

y
033
True or False?
false
false
false
true
false
True or False?
1
3
30 S
3
3
3 0 S 2 0
5
3
7
3
9
3
2
23
0
false
?
?
false
false
0
false
3 0 S 13 0
?
30 S
2
3
true
30 S 00
y
The solution of 0 3 3 is 9.
7. x
True or False?
x
27 9
2
8.
36
2
x 18
The solution is 18.
false
false
6(5) 3
3
30 3
8 3
33
11
false
9. n 2(4)
false
n
n
true
11.
72 9(2 1)
2(10) 1
49 9(3)
20 1
49 27
19
76
19
t
y
11
11
y
5(4) 6
22 3
20 6
4 3
14
7
z
z
z
2z
The solution is 2.
33 52
12. a 2(3 1)
t
a
t
a
t
4t
The solution is 4.
644
18 7
13 2
1y
The solution is 1.
10.
n3
The solution is 3.
The solution of 3x 1 25 is 8.
Extra Practice
false
96
0
The solution of 25 y 18 is 7.
replacement set for x.
x
false
The solution of x 4 4 is 8.
2. Replace y in 25 y 18 with each value in the
y
false

x44
true
The solution of 5y 4 11 is 3.
Lesson 1-3
false
5. Replace x in 14
Page 820
True or False?
27 25
2(2)
52
4
a 13
The solution is 13.

x
x27
42 7 7 S 67
52 7 7 S 77
62 7 7 S 8 7 7
72 7 7 S 9 7 7
8 2 7 7 S 10 7 7
17. Replace x in 3 6 2 with each value in the

True or False?
false
6 2 S 22
true
7
3
6 2 S 23 2
8
3
6 2 S 23 2
true
true
true
true
71 6 8 S 6 6 8
81 6 8 S 7 6 8
2x 15
True or False?
2 4 15 S 8 15
true
true
6
7
8
2 5 15 S 10 15
?
true
true
2 6 15 S 12 15
2 7 15 S 14 15
?
2 8 15 S 16 15
3y 36
10
3 10
36 S 30 36
12
14
16
true
true
3 14
36 S 42
36
3 16
36 S 48
36
false
5y
4
x
3
6 2 is {4, 5}.
20
True or False?
10
5 10 ?
20 S 12.5 20
false
12
5 12 ?
20 S 15 20
false
14
5 14 ?
20 S 17.5 20
false
16
5 16 ?
20 S 20
20
true
Page 821
5y
4
20 is {16}.
Lesson 1-4
1. Reflexive Property of Equality

n 3, since 4 3 4 3.
2. Additive Identity Property
5
n 4, since
5
4
4 0.
3. Multiplicative Identity Property

n 1, since 15 15 1.
4. Multiplicative Inverse Property
3
n 2, since 3 2 1.
5. Commutative Property of Addition
n 1.3, since 2.7 1.3 1.3 2.7.
6. Substitution Property of Equality, Multiplicative
Inverse Property, and Multiplicative Identity
Property
false
true
True or False?
3 12
36 S 36
36
false
false
5y
The solution set for 2x 15 is {4, 5, 6, 7}.

16. Replace y in 3y
y
false
The solution set for x 1 8 is {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}.

15. Replace x in 2x 15 with each value in the
x
18. Replace y in 4
True or False?
true
true
6
3
61 6 8 S 5 6 8
51 6 8 S 4 6 8
true
true
The solution set for x 2 7 is {6, 7, 8}.

6 2 S 13 6 2
6 2 S 13 6 2
41 6 8 S 3 6 8
True or False?
5
3
2
true
x18
4
3
false
x
3
1
n 4, since 4 62 36 4.
The solution set for 3y

36 is {12, 14, 16}.

n 0, since 8 0 0.
8. Multiplicative Inverse Property
1
n 1, since 1 9 9.
9. Reflexive Property of Equality
n 7, since 5 7 5 7.
10. Substitution Property of Equality
n 2, since (13 4)(2) 9(2).
645
Extra Practice
1 12
2
[15
3
34
10] Substitution; 12 2 10
2 3
2
3
1
12.
7
4
3 4 118 824
1 12
Multiplicative Inverse; 3 2 1
Multiplicative Inverse; 8 8 1
7
[4 ]
4
Multiplicative Identity; 4 1 4
4 [4 1 ]
16.
Substitution; 4 4 7
13. [ (18 3) 0] 10
[6 0 ] 10 Substitution; 18 3 6
[0 ] 10
Zero; 6 0 0
0
Zero; 0 10 0
Page 821
17.
18.
19.
20.
8. 32 x 8 32(x) 32
36(5) 36
180 9
189
114 2
(4)18
1181 218
72 1
73
13a 5a (13 5)a
18a
21x 10x (21 10)x
11x
8(3x 7) 8(3x) 8(7)
24x 56
There are no like terms. 4m 4n is simplified.
3(5am 4) 3(5am) 3(4)
15am 12
22. 9y2 13y2 3 (9 13)y2 3

22y2 3
23. 11a2 11a2 12a2 (11 11 12)a2
12a2
24. 6a 7a 12b 8b (6 7)a (12 8)b
13a 20b
Page 821
Lesson 1-6
1. 23 8 37 12 23 37 8 12
(23 37) (8 12)
60 20
80
2. 19 46 81 54 19 81 46 54
(19 81) (46 54)
100 100
200
3. 10.25 2.5 3.75 10.25 3.75 2.5
(10.25 3.75) 2.5
14 2.5
16.5
4. 22.5 17.6 44.5 22.5 44.5 17.6
(22.5 44.5) 17.6
67 17.6
84.6
118 2
32x 4
9. c(7 d) c(7) c(d)
7c cd
10. 6 55 6(50 5)
6(50) 6(5)
300 30
330
11. 15(108) 15(100 8)
15(100) 15(8)
1500 120
1620
12. 1689 5 (1700 11)5
(1700)5 (11)5
8500 55
8445
13. 7 314 7(300 14)
7(300) 7(14)
2100 98
2198
Extra Practice
21. 15x2 7x2 (15 7)x2

22x2
Lesson 1-5
1. 5(2 9) 5(2) 5(9)

10 45
55
2. 8(10 20) 8(10) 8(20)
80 160
240
3. 20(8 3) 20(8) 20(3)
160 60
100
4. 3(5 w) 3(5) 3(w)
15 3w
5. (h 8)7 (h)7 (8)7
7h 56
6. 6(y 4) 6(y) 6(4)
6y 24
7. 9(3n 5) 9(3n) 9(5)
27n 45
15. 418 18 4 18 18
7
14. 36 54 36 5 4
11. 3 [ 15 (12 2) ]
5. 23 6 33 4 23 33 6 4
23 33 (6 4)
6 10
16
6
6. 57 15 47 25 57 47 (15 25)
10 40
50
7. 6 8 5 3 6 5 8 3
(6 5) (8 3)
30 24
720
646
8. 18 5 2 5 (18 5) (2 5)
90 10
900
9. 0.25 7 8 0.25 8 7
(0.25 8) 7
27
14
10. 90 12 0.5 90 (12 0.5)
90 6
540
1
21. 12b3 12 12b3 12b3 12b3 12

(12b3 12b3 ) 12
(12 12)b3 12
24b3 12
22. 7 3(uv 6) u 7 3(uv) 3(6) u
7 3uv 18 u
7 18 3uv u
(7 18) 3uv u
11 3uv u
23. 3(x 2y) 4(3x y)
3(x) 3(2y) 4(3x) 4(y)
3x 6y 12x 4y
3x 12x 6y 4y
(3x 12x) (6y 4y)
(3 12)x (6 4)y
15x 10y
24. 6.2(a b) 2.6(a b) 3a
6.2(a) 6.2(b) 2.6(a) 2.6(b) 3a
6.2a 6.2b 2.6a 2.6b 3a
6.2a 2.6a 3a 6.2b 2.6b
(6.2a 2.6a 3a) (6.2b 2.6b)
(6.2 2.6 3)a (6.2 2.6)b
11.8a 8.8b
25. 3 8(st 3w) 3st
3 8(st) 8(3w) 3st
3 8st 24w 3st
3 (8st 3st) 24w
3 (8 3)st 24w
3 11st 24w
26. 5.4(s 3t) 3.6(s 4)
5.4(s) 5.4(3t) 3.6(s) 3.6(4)
5.4s 16.2t 3.6s 14.4
5.4s 3.6s 16.2t 14.4
(5.4s 3.6s) 16.2t 14.4
(5.4 3.6)s 16.2t 14.4
9s 16.2t 14.4
27. 3[4 5(2x 3y) ] 3[ 4 5(2x) 5(3y) ]
3[ 4 10x 15y ]
3[4] 3[ 10x] 3[ 15y]
12 30x 45y
11. 53 4 6 53 6 4
53 6 4
32 4
128
5
12. 46 10 12 46 12 10
46 12 10
58 10
580
13. 5a 6b 7a 5a 7a 6b
(5a 7a) 6b
(5 7)a 6b
12a 6b
14. 8x 4y 9x 8x 9x 4y
(8x 9x) 4y
(8 9)x 4y
17x 4y
15. 3a 5b 2c 8b 3a 5b 8b 2c
3a (5b 8b) 2c
3a (5 8)b 2c
3a 13b 2c
2
16. 3x2 5x x2 3x2 x2 5x
123x2 x22 5x
2
1 3 1 2 x2 5x
3x2 5x
17. (4p 7q) (5q 8p) 4p 7q 5q 8p

4p 8p 5q 7q
(4p 8p) (5q 7q)
(4 8)p (5 7)q
4p (2q)
4p 2q
18. 8q 5r 7q 6r 8q 7q 5r 6r
(8q 7q) (5r 6r)
(8 7)q (5 6)r
1q (1r)
qr
19. 4(2x y) 5x 4(2x) 4(y) 5x
8x 4y 5x
8x 5x 4y
(8x 5x) 4y
(8 5)x 4y
13x 4y
Page 822
Lesson 1-7
1. Hypothesis: an animal is a dog

Conclusion: it barks
2. Hypothesis: a figure is a pentagon
Conclusion: it has five sides
3. Hypothesis: 3x 1 8
Conclusion: x 3
4. Hypothesis: 0.5 is the reciprocal of 2
Conclusion: 0.5 2 1
5. Hypothesis: a figure is a square
Conclusion: it has four congruent sides.
If a figure is a square, then it has four congruent
sides.
6. Hypothesis: a 4
Conclusion: 6a 10 34
If a 4, then 6a 10 34.
20. 9r5 2r2 r5 9r5 r5 2r2

(9r5 r5 ) 2r2
(9 1)r5 2r2
10r5 2r2
647
Extra Practice
7. Hypothesis: it is night
Conclusion: the video store is open
If it is night, then the video store is open.
8. Hypothesis: it is Thursday
Conclusion: the band does not have practice
If it is Thursday, then the band does not have
practice.
9. It can snow in May in some locations.
10. You may live in Portland, Maine.
11. y 3;
2(3) 4 6 4
10
but 3 3
If y 3, then 2y 4 10 is true, but y 3 is
false.
Page 823
1. The
The
2. The
The
3. The
The
4. The
The
5. The
The
6. The
The
7.
12. Sample answer: a 1; (1) 2 1 7 0

but 1 0
Page 822
6
Lesson 1-8
3
2
1
6 5 4 3 2 1
2 1
10.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
11. 22 is twenty-two units from zero in the positive

direction.
022 0 22
12. 2.5 is two and five-tenths units from zero in the
negative direction.
02.5 0 2.5
13.
2
3
is two-thirds unit from zero in the positive

direction.
0 23 0 23
7
14. 8 is seven-eighths unit from zero in the negative

direction.
0 78 0 78
Lesson 1-9
Page 823
Lesson 2-2
1. 3 16 19
2. 27 19 ( 027 0 019 0 )
(27 19)
8
3. 8 (13) ( 013 0 08 0 )
(13 8)
5
4. 14 (9) ( 014 0 09 0 )
(14 9)
23
5. 25 47 ( 047 0 025 0 )
(47 25)
22
6. 97 (79) ( 097 0 079 0 )
(97 79)
18
0.16
About 16% of U.S. Presidents have been born in

Ohio.
Extra Practice
4
9.
1. The bar for Virginia shows 8 presidents and the

bar for Texas shows 2 presidents. Since 8 equals
4 times 2, there were 4 times more presidents
born in Virginia than in Texas.
2. The bar for Massachusetts shows 4 presidents
and the bar for New York shows 4 presidents. So,
Massachusetts and New York have the same
number of presidents.
3. No; you need to have the birthplaces of all
presidents to compare parts to the whole in a
circle graph.
4. The bar for Ohio shows 7 presidents. What
percent of 43 is 7?
7
43
5
8.
1. Sample answer: The temperatures increase from

January through the summer and then begin to
decrease again.
2. Sample answer: The roller coaster goes down a
small hill, coasts at about the same speed,
increases in speed on the way down the hill,
decreases again on the way up the hill, increases
down another hill, and then slows down for the
end of the ride.
3. Sample answer: The jogger increases in speed,
runs about the same speed, increases again, runs
at a faster pace for a while, decreases, maintains
a speed, and finally slows down at the finish of
the run.
4. Sample answer: The hiker walks away from the
camp, stops for a rest, hikes a little further, and
then returns to camp.
Page 822
Lesson 2-1
dots indicate each point on the graph.

coordinates are {3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4}.
coordinates are {2, 3, 4}.
coordinates are {7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13}.
coordinates are {2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4}.
648
7. 4.8 3.2 ( 04.8 0 03.2 0 )

(4.8 3.2)
1.6
8. 1.7 (3.4) ( 01.7 0 03.4 0 )
(1.7 3.4)
5.1
9. 0.009 0.06 ( 00.06 0 00.009 0 )
(0.06 0.009)
0.051
1 72
11
22.
5
11
11
23.
2
7
14 14 14
1
14
1 0 11 0 0 7 0 2
11
7
1 9 9 2
28
1 0 28 0 0 2560 0 2
28
25
1 60 60 2
60
25
11. 5 6 30 30
1 0 2530 0 0 1830 0 2
25
18
1 30 30 2
12.
3
8
14
12 24 24
60
1
20
10 0 0 02
14
9
1 24 24 2
14
24
25
60 60
2
30
1 25 2
28
25
60 1 60 2
28
24. 15 12 60 60
18
18
1 0 0 0 115 0 2
6
5
1 11 11 2
9
5
6
11
10. 9 9 9 9
11 11 11
Page 823
Lesson 2-3
1. 5(12) 60
2. (6)(11) 66
3. (7)(5) 35
4. (6)(4)(3) (24)(3)
72
9
24
24
13. 27 14 13
14. 8 17 8 (17)
( 017 0 08 0 )
(17 8)
9
15. 12 (15) 12 (15)
12 15
27
16. 35 (12) 35 (12)
35 12
( 035 0 012 0 )
(35 12)
23
17. 2 (1.3) 2 (1.3)
2 1.3
( 02 0 01.3 0 )
(2 1.3)
0.7
18. 1.9 (7) 1.9 (7)
1.9 7
8.9
19. 4.5 8.6 4.5 (8.6)
( 04.5 0 08.6 0 )
(4.5 8.6)
13.1
20. 89.3 (14.2) 89.3 (14.2)
89.3 14.2
103.5
21. 18 (1.3) 18 (1.3)
18 1.3
( 018 0 01.3 0 )
(18 1.3)
16.7
5.
7.
178 2113 2 247

1
42
21 2 1 21 2
1
23

9 7
2 3
63
6
21
2
1
102
1 22
10
6. (5) 5 5
8.
2
17
2
21359 2 197 21329 2

288
63
32
7
4
47
9. (5.34)(3.2) 17.088
10. (6.8)(5.415) 36.822
11. (4.2)(5.1)(3.6) (21.42)(3.6)
77.112
12. (3.9)(1.6)(8.4) (6.24)(8.4)
52.416
13. 5(3a) 6a 5(3)a 6a
15a 6a
(15 6)a
21a
14. 8(x) 3x 8(1)x 3x
8x 3x
(8 3)x
5x
15. 2(6y 2y) 2(6y) 2(2y)
2(6)y 2(2)y
12y 4y
(12 4)y
8y
16. (c 7c)(3) c(3) 7c(3)
1(3)c 7(3)c
3c (21c)
[3 (21)]c
24c
649
Extra Practice
17. 3n(4b) 2a(3b) 3(4)nb 2(3)ab

12nb 6ab
12bn 6ab
18. 7(2m 3n) 7(2m) (7)(3n)
7(2)m (7)(3)n
14m (21n)
14m (21n)
14m 21n
18.
2a 10b
2
(2a 10b) (2)
1 12
1
1
2a 1 2 2 10b 1 2 2
(2a 10b) 2
1a (5b)
a 5b
19.
27c (99b)
9
[ 27c (99b) ] 9
119 2
1
1
27c 1 9 2 (99b) 1 9 2
[27c (99b) ]
Page 824
1.
3.
5.
6.
Lesson 2-4
49 (7) 7
2. 52 (4) 13
66 (0.5) 132 4. 25.8 (2) 12.9
55.25 (0.25) 221
82.1 (16.42) 5
2
7. 5 5 5 5
2
25
8.
10
9. 4 10 4 7
10.
3
2

1 12
40
7
5
57
1 22
2 2 1
7
8
12.

13.
32a
4
1 52
32a
8a
15.
5n 15
5
64
114 2
1 82
Page 824
14
225

14.
12x
2

12x (2)
1 12
12x 2
6x

4
1 12
1
1
5n 1 5 2 15 1 5 2
1 12
1
1
2b 1 2 2 10 1 2 2
60
148

152
156
12

16
20

64
68

76
80
72

1b (5)
b5
(65x 15y) (5)
12
1
1
65x 1 5 2 15y 1 5 2
(65x 15y)

(2b 10) (2)
x x
x
x xx
xx
x x x
110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175
1
5

Stem
Leaf
1
0 7 7 8 8 9 9
2
2 2 3 3
3
5 5 5 9
4
0 4 5 7
1|0 10
13x 3y
Extra Practice
144

(2b 10) 2
65x 15y
5
140

1n (3)
n 3
17.

136
(5n 15) (5)
2b 10
2
Lesson 2-5

(5n 15) 5
16.
1 12
1
1
3n 1 3 2 (3m) 1 3 2
1n 1m
nm
11. 5 8 5 5
25
[ 3n (3m) ] (3)

[3n (3m) ] 3
13 25
15 3
325
45
65
9
2
79
32a 4
3n (3m)
3
32
1 12
2
3
25
20.
(4) 8 4
3
13
15
3c (11b)
3c 11b
650
9. There are 3 letters that are s and 7 total letters.

Stem
Leaf
1
0 1 2 2 3 8 9
2
0 1 2 5
3
0 2
4
1 1 5
5
6
1|0 1.0
7. The greatest common place value is hundreds, but
the hundreds digit in every number is a one.
Thus, we use the digits in the tens place as the
stems.
Stem
Leaf
10
1 1 4 5 8 9
11
1
12
1 3 9
13
0 3 4 5 7 9 10|1 101
P(the letter s) 7 0.43

3
The probability of selecting the letter s is 7 or

about 43%.
10. There is no letter b in the word success and
7 total letters.
0
P(the letter b) 7 0
The probability of selecting the letter b is 0 or 0%.
11. There are 2 letters that are vowels and 7 total
letters.
2
P(vowel) 7 0.29
2
The probability of selecting a vowel is 7 or about

29%.
12. There are 3 letters that are u or c and 7 total
letters.
3
P(the letters u or c) 7 0.43
Page 824
Lesson 2-6
The probability of selecting the letters u or c is

or about 43%.
13. There is 1 outcome that is a 4 and 6 1 or
5 outcomes that are not a 4.
1. There is one way for the coin to land tails up and

two ways for the coin to land.
1
P(tails up) 2 or 0.50
odds of a 4 5
The probability a coin lands tails up is 2 or 50%.

2. At some point during this month you will eat
something. Therefore, the probability you eat this
month is 1 or 100%.
3. There is one outcome that is a girl and two
possible outcomes.
P(a girl)
1
2
The odds of rolling a 4 are 1:5.

14. There are 3 outcomes that are numbers greater
than 3 and 6 3 or 3 outcomes that are numbers
not greater than 3.
3
odds of a number greater than 3 3
or 0.50
1
1
2
The probability a baby will be a girl is or 50%.

4. There are no blue elephants. Therefore, the
probability you will see a blue elephant is 0 or
0%.
5. You are studying algebra from an algebra book,
and the statement is written in that book.
Therefore, the probability this is an algebra book
is 1 or 100%.
6. There is 1 day in the week that is Wednesday and
7 days in a week.
The odds of rolling a number greater than 3 are

1:1.
15. There are 2 outcomes that are numbers that are a
multiple of 3 and 6 2 or 4 outcomes that are
numbers that are not a multiple of 3.
2
odds of a multiple of 3 4
1
2
The odds of rolling a number that is a multiple of
3 are 1:2.
16. There are 4 outcomes that are numbers less than
5 and 6 4 or 2 outcomes that are numbers that
are not less than 5.
P(a day is Wednesday) 7 0.14

The probability a day is Wednesday is
14%.
7. There is 1 e and 7 total letters.
1
7
or about
odds of a number less than 5 2

2
1
P(the letter e) 7 0.14
The odds of rolling a number less than 5 are 2:1.

17. There are 3 outcomes that are odd numbers and
6 3 or 3 outcomes that are not odd numbers.
The probability of selecting the letter e is 7 or

about 14%.
8. There are 5 letters that are not c and 7 total
letters.
P(not c)
5
7
3
7
odds of an odd number 3
0.71
1
The probability of selecting a letter that is not c is

5
or 71%.
7
The odds of rolling an odd number are 1:1.

18. There is 1 outcome that is a 6 and 6 1 or
5 outcomes that are not a 6.
5
odds against a 6 1
The odds against rolling a 6 are 5:1.
651
Extra Practice
Page 825

for 115.
3.88 3.88
115 3.87298334
19. You can use a calculator to find the value of
1529.
1529 23.0
20 20.0
Therefore, 1529 6 20.
20. You can use a calculator to find the value of
10.25.
10.25 0.5
0.5 0.55555555
Therefore, 10.25 7 0.5.
Lesson 2-7

121 112 S 1121 11
36 62 S 136 6
2.89 1.72 S 12.89 1.7
4. 1125 represents the negative square root of
125.
125 11.182 S 1125 11.18
5.
81
81

81
9 2
81
9
1 10 2 S 3 100 10
100
36
6. 3 196 represents the negative square root of

36
196
36
6
14
1146 22 S 3 196
36
.
196

13
for 3 .
7
1
3
13
3
7. 19.61 represents the positive and negative

square roots of 9.61.
9.61 3.12 and 9.61 (3.1)2
19.61 3.1
7
roots of 8.
0.94 and
7
8
(0.94)
1
13
13
3
7
8
3 0.94
13
.
3
0.577350269
1
13
23
.
3
1
23. You can use a calculator to find the value of 3 4.

1
3 4 0.5
1
4 0.25
1
Therefore, 3 4 6 4.
3 2 2, this number is a natural

1
for 16.

rational number.
1.2 is a terminating decimal, this number is a
rational number.
13. Because 1225 15, this number is a natural
rational number.
6 0.16666666
1
16 0.408248290
1
Therefore, 6 7 16.
Page 825
Lesson 3-1
is the
divided
1. A number
z
times 2 minus 6 same as m
by
3.
1442443 123 { 1
424
3 { 14243 { 14243 {
z
2 6

m

3
The equation is 2z 6 m 3.
2. The cube decreased the square
c.
by
of a
of b 3 is
equal to
14243 1442443 1
44244
1
44244
3{
14. Because 3 4 0.866025403, which is not a

irrational.
0.142857142 is a repeating decimal, this
a3

b2

c
The equation is a3 b2 c.
3.
the product is the
Twenty-nine decreased by of x and y same as z .
144424443 144424443 1442443 14243 {
29

xy

z
The equation is 29 xy z.
16. Because 10.0016 0.04 is a terminating

17. Write the numbers as decimals.
6.16 6.16161616
6 6.0
Therefore, 6.16 7 6.0.
Extra Practice
0.577350269
Therefore,
9. Because 1149 12.2065556, which is not a

irrational.
0.8333333 is a repeating decimal, this number
is a rational number.
11. Because
1
3

1
13
for 13 and 3 .
0.577350269
Therefore,
8. 3 8 represents the positive and negative square
7
8
0.33333333
652
4. The perimeter
P
P
144424443
3.
the sum of twice the length of the

leg a and the length of the base b.
is
{ 14
4444444424444444
443
2a b
The equation is P 2a b.
the quotient
Thirty
increased
by
of s and t is equal to v .
1
424
3 1442443 1442443 1442443 {
v
30

(s t)

The equation is 30 (s t) v.
6. The area half the product of lengths
is of the diagonals a and b.
A
14243 { 144444424444443
1
A

ab
5.
4 (5) 9
9 9
The solution is 5.
4.
m62
m6626
m 4
m62
Check:
?
4 6 2
22
The solution is 4.
t (4) 10
5.
t (4) 4 10 4
t 14
t (4) 10
Check:
The equation is A 2ab or 0.5ab.

7. Sample answer:
0.5x 3
14243
10
123
The sum of five-tenths

times x and three
8. Sample answer:
n
is equal to
negative ten.
6
123
14 (4) 10
10 10
The solution is 14.
6.
v 7 4
v 7 7 4 7
v3
v 7 4
Check:
?
3 7 4
4 4
The solution is 3.
7.
a (6) 5
a (6) (6) 5 (6)
a 11
a (6) 5
Check:
2n 1
14243
The quotient of n is the same as the sum of two

and negative six
times n and one.
9. Sample answer:
18

123
5h
123
13h
123
Eighteen decreased five times h is the thirteen

by
same as times h.
10. Sample answer:
n2

16
{
123
123
The square of n is equal to sixteen.

11. Sample answer:
2x2 3

21
{
123
14243
The sum of three

is equal to twenty-one.
and twice x squared
12. Sample answer:
m
4
n
14243
The sum of four and

the quotient of m and n
Page 825
1.
4 y 9
4 y 4 9 4
y 5
Check:
4 y 9
11 (6) 5
5 5
The solution is 11.
8.
2 x 8
2 x x 8 x
2 8 x
2 8 8 x 8
6x
Check:
2 x 8
?
2 6 8
8 8
The solution is 6.
9.
d (44) 61
d (44) 44 61 44
d 17
Check:
d (44) 61
?
17 (44) 61
61 61
The solution is 17.
10.
e (26) 41
e (26) (26) 41 (26)
e 15
e (26) 41
Check:
?
15 (26) 41
41 41
The solution is 15.
12
123
is equal to twelve.
Lesson 3-2
2 g 7
2 g 2 7 2
g9
2 g 7
Check:
?
2 9 7
77
The solution is 9.
2.
9 s 5
9 s 9 5 9
s 14
9 s 5
Check:
?
9 (14) 5
5 5
The solution is 14.
653
Extra Practice
11.
p 47 22
p 47 47 22 47
p 69
Check:
p 47 22
18.
69 47 22
22 22
The solution is 69.
12.
63 f 82
63 f f 82 f
63 82 f
63 82 f
19 f
Check:
63 f 82
t (46.1) 3.673
t (46.1) (46.1) 3.673 (46.1)
t 49.773
t (46.1) 3.673
Check:
?
49.773 (46.1) 3.673
3.673 3.673
7
10
19.
7
10
aa2a
7
10
7
1
2
10
2
10
1
5
63 19 82
82 82
The solution is 19.
13.
c 5.4 11.33
c 5.4 5.4 11.33 5.4
c 16.73
c 5.4 11.33
Check:
?
16.73 5.4 11.33
11.33 11.33
14.
6.11 b 14.321
6.11 b 6.11 14.321 6.11
b 20.431
6.11 b 14.321
Check:
Check:
2a
1
2a2
a
a
7
10
a2
7
10
5
1 ? 1
2
5 ? 1
20.
10
1
2
1
.
5
The solution is
2
1
2
1 12 3
1
1
3
1
f 1 8 2 1 8 2 10 1 8 2
f 8 10
7
f 40
6.11 20.431 14.321

14.321 14.321
5 y 22.7
15.
5 22.7 y 22.7 22.7
17.7 y
5 y 22.7
Check:
5 17.7 22.7
5 5
16.
5 q 1.19
5 q q 1.19 q
5 1.19 q
5 1.19 1.19 q 1.19
6.19 q
5 q 1.19
Check:
?
5 (6.19) 1.19
1.19 1.19
17.
n (4.361) 59.78
n (4.361) 4.361 59.78 4.361
n 64.141
Check:
n (4.361) 59.78
Check:
1 12 3
7
1 ? 3
1 8 2 10
40
f 8 10
12 ? 3
10
40
3
3
10
10
21.
7
.
40
The solution is
1 12
5
1
1
1
412 1 1036 2 t 1 1036 2 1 1036 2
5
412 t 1036
16
1436 t
4
149 t
Check:
412
5
412
The solution is
654
412 t 10 36
5 ?
412
5 ?
64.141 (4.361) 59.78

59.78 59.78
Extra Practice
a2
4
149
15
436
5
412
4
149.
10 36
3. 2y 3
x84
22.
2y
2
x8848
y
x 8
y 12 or 1.5
2y 3
Check:
3 ? 1
4
2 ? 1
8 8
8
1
4
23.
4
1
4
2(1.5) 3
3 3
4. 62y 2356
62y
62
1
The solution is 8.
7
9
116 s 8
7
7
9
7
116 s 116 8 116
5
s 16
? 9
8
? 9
9
8
8
9
8
5.
116 16
The solution is
8
116
6
8
17 9
5
26
13
20 18
d
8 ?
179
8 ?
13
2018
8
179
8
179
16
179 1718
6.
5
26
59
2
7
1 2 59(7)
c 413
c
59
7
413 ?

59
7
7 7
7.
Lesson 3-3
f
14
f
14
63
1 2 14(63)
f 882
1. 7p 35
f
14
Check:
35
7
63
882 ?

14
p5
Check:
63
63 63
7p 35
?
7(5) 35
35 35
The solution is 5.
2. 3x 24
c
59
c
59
Check:
14
3x
3
2
2 2
The solution is 12.
13
a
6
12 ?

6
7p
7
1 2 6(2)
Check:
1 2
5
5
d 1 26 2 26
179 d 26
Page 826
2
5
16.
Check:
a
6
a
6
a 12
17 9 d 26
24.
62y 2356
62(38) 2356
2356 2356
The solution is 38.
2356
62
y 38
Check:
116 s 8
Check:
3
2
3
2
1
x84
Check:
8.
84 97
97(84) 97
8148 x
24
3
Check:
x8
Check:
197x 2
84
197x 2
? 8148
97
84
3x 24
?
3(8) 24
24 24
The solution is 8.
84 84
655
Extra Practice
9.
5
w
5
w
5
3
1 2 5(3)
26
3
12
26
26
5
26
5
12
5
j
j
33
The solution is 15.
q
9
q
9
55
w
5
15 ?

5
10.
26 j
w 15
Check:
14. 26 j 55
j
13
6

6
13
2
or 25
1
1 22 1
13 12 ?
1
55
6152
q 27
q

9
27 ?

9
26 ?

5
1
55
3
3
3 3
The solution is 27.
11.
2
x
5
5 2
x
2 5
3
7
11
3 18 q
11
6
5
16
33
5
16. 14 p 8
5
14p
3
14
8
3
14
1 72
5
4
p 8 1 7 2
5
p 8 4
1 12
9 15
r 5 1 2 2
p 14
5 9r 5 72
27
r 2 or 132
135 ?

18
1
72
1
132.
The solution is
5
.
14
17. 57k 0.1824
72
1
72
8 8
9r 72
9 132 72
The solution is
1 2 58
?
7 5
5
4 1 14 2 8
3 5
14
14
135
14p 8
Check:
r 10
Check:
The solution is 16.
9r 72
5
1 52
? 18 11
3 11 1 6 2
?
3 111q
3 111 16
The solution is 22.

9
q
q
Check:
12 12
13.
111
18
1 2
111q
3 11 q
or 17
2
4
x7
5
?
2 3
4
1 7
5 7
4
4
7
7
3
The solution is 17.
z
5
12
6
z
5
6 6 6 12
5
1
z 2 or 22
z
5
Check:
12
6
1
22 ?
5
12
6
12
111
20
x 14
12.
3 111q
15.
1 2 52 147 2
Check:
55
10
7
55
The solution is 25.
7
x
26 25 55
9(3)
Check:
26 j 55
Check:
3
57k
57
0.1824
57
k 0.0032
Check:
57k 0.1824
?
57(0.0032) 0.1824
0.1824 0.1824
Extra Practice
656
18. 0.0022b 0.1958

0.0022b
0.0022
24. 184 2.5x
0.1958
0.0022
184
b 89
0.0022b 0.1958
Check:
?
0.0022(89) 0.1958
0.1958 0.1958
The solution is 89.
19. 5j 32.15
5j
5
2.5
18.25
2.5
7.3 x
1 ?
1 ?
184 18.25
1
w
2
w
2
Page 826
2.48
1 2 2(2.48)
w

2
4.96 ?

2
Check:
2.48
2x
2
2.48
1 2 2.8(6.2)
z 17.36
z

2.8
17.36 ?

2.8
4.
6.2
6.2
0.063
x
0.063
x
0.063
Check:
2 0.063(0.015)
23.
32
4
t8
8g
8
3c
3
0.015
6.
0.015
5p
15
3
c5
5k 7 52
5k 7 7 52 7
5k 45
5k
5
45
5
k 9
7. 5s 4s 72
9s 72
5p

5
5
123
1
5 p
8
1 2
9s
9
340 p
3
158 5p
3 ?
158 5 340
3 ?
15
158 1540
72
9
s 8
8.
3x 7 2
3x 7 7 2 7
3x 9
123
40 p
Check:
x 0.000945
0.015 0.015
3
158
3
158
5 g
5.
3c 9 24
3c 9 9 24 9
3c 15
0.015
x

0.063
0.000945 ?

0.063
4t
4
a 6
47 8g 7
47 7 8g 7 7
40 8g
40
8
6.2 6.2
22.
2
x4
3.
7a 6 36
7a 6 6 36 6
7a 42
7a
42
7
7
6.2
Check:
Lesson 3-4

1.
2.
2x 5 3
4t 5 37
2x 5 5 3 5
4t 5 5 37 5
2x 8
4t 32
2.48 2.48
z
2.8
z
2.8
184 184
5j 32.15
w 4.96
2.8
184 2.5x
184 2.5(7.3)
21.
x
Check:
5(6.43) 32.15
32.15 32.15
2
2.5x
2.5
32.15
5
j 6.43
Check:
20.
3x
3
3
x3
9.
8 3x 5
8 3x 8 5 8
3x 3
3x
3
3
3
x 1
158 158
3
657
Extra Practice
10.
3y 7.569 24.069

3y 7.569 7.569 24.069 7.569
3y 16.5
3y
3
21. 4.8a 3 1.2a 9

6a 3 9
6a 3 3 9 3
6a 12
16.5
3
6a
6
y 5.5
11.
7 9.1f 137.585
7 9.1f 7 137.585 7
9.1f 130.585
9.1f
130.585
9.1
9.1
12.
Page 826
Lesson 3-5

1.
5x 1 3x 3
5x 1 3x 3x 3 3x
2x 1 3
2x 1 1 3 1
2x 4
2.4m
2.4
4.75 m
e
5
13.
e
5
6 2
6 6 2 6
e
5
e
5
d
4
14.
d
4
8 5
8
e 40
15.
2x
2
d
4
d
4
3
1 2 4(3)
d 12
13n
13
76
13y 7 7 6 7
13
3.
13y 13
4
13
4 13y 4 (13)
16.
10
169
4
y
p 3
10
p 3
10
or 424
4
2 10(4)
17.
6
p 3 40
p 3 3 40 3
p 37
18.
8
5f 1
8
5f 1
8
3
2 8(3)
19.
2
25
5
3t 4
2
3t 4
2
2
h
3
1
a
2
1
a
2
3
a
4
4 3 4a
1
4434
7
1 2 43 (7)
a
6.
20
3
2
t 3 or 63
28
3
or 93
6(y 5) 18 2y
6y 30 18 2y
6y 30 2y 18 2y 2y
8y 30 18
8y 30 30 18 30
8y 48
8y
8
48
8
y6
658
43
3
a
4
4 3
a
3 4
8
3t 4 16
3t 4 4 16 4
3t 20
Extra Practice
4 4a 3 4a 4a
3
a
4
16
4
n 4
20
5 3h 4 3h 3h
5.
2 2(8)
3t
3
5 4 3h
h 5 4
h 5 5 4 5
h 9
12
2
h
3
4.
2 2(12)
4n
4
5
z0
4n 8 24
4n 8 8 24 8
4n 16
f 5
20.
13
13
5z
5
2 6(1)
4n 8
2
4n 8
2
4
2
n 1
3z 5 2z 5
3z 5 2z 2z 5 2z
5z 5 5
5z 5 5 5 5
5z 0
1
h76
h7767
h 13
5f 1 24
5f 1 1 24 1
5f 25
5f
5
h 7
6
h 7
6
x 2
2.
6 8n 5n 19
6 8n 5n 5n 19 5n
6 13n 19
6 13n 6 19 6
13n 13
8 8 5 8
1 2 5(8)
4
13y
12
6
a2
f 14.35
6.5 2.4m 4.9
6.5 4.9 2.4m 4.9 4.9
11.4 2.4m
11.4
2.4
7.
14. 3(x 1) 5 3x 2
3x 3 5 3x 2
3x 2 3x 2
statement 3(x 1) 5 3x 2 is true for all
values of x.
28 p 7( p 10)
28 p 7p 70
28 p 7p 7p 70 7p
28 6p 70
28 6p 28 70 28
6p 42
6p
6
42
6
15.
p7
1
(b 9)
3
1
b3
3
8.
1
b
3
x
2
b9
b9
x
6
3bb9b
x
2
1
3
x
6
1
3
16.
2 3b 2 (12)
b 18
9.
4x 6 0.5(x 30)
4x 6 0.5x 15
4x 6 0.5x 0.5x 15 0.5x
4.5x 6 15
4.5x 6 6 15 6
4.5x 9
4.5x
4.5
x
6
x
6
6
1 2 6116 2
6v 9
3
6v 9
3
2 3(v)
9
3
17.
4
3t 1
4
3t 1
4
4t 5
3t 1 3t 20
3t 1 3t 3t 20 3t
1 20
has no solution.
18.
0.4(x 12) 1.2(x 4)
0.4x 4.8 1.2x 4.8
0.4x 4.8 1.2x 1.2x 4.8 1.2x
0.8x 4.8 4.8
0.8x 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8
0.8x 0
0.8x
0.8
0.8
x0
s 1
12.
2.85y 7 12.85y 2
2.85y 7 12.85y 12.85y 2 12.85y
10y 7 2
10y 7 7 2 7
10y 5
3y
19.
3y
4
5
4
5
3y
4
5
1 42
8 5
3
10
10
y 0.5
13.
2.9m 1.7 3.5 2.3m
2.9m 1.7 2.3m 3.5 2.3m 2.3m
0.6m 1.7 3.5
0.6m 1.7 1.7 3.5 1.7
0.6m 1.8
3v
3
2 4134t 52
2.9
2.9
0.6m
0.6
3v
9
4.5
10y
10
v
6v 9 3v
6v 9 6v 3v 6v
9 3v
x 2
10. 4(2y 1) 8(0.5 y)
8y 4 4 8y
8y 4 8y 4
statement 4(2y 1) 8(0.5 y) is true for all
values of y.
11.
1.9s 6 3.1 s
1.9s 6 s 3.1 s s
2.9s 6 3.1
2.9s 6 6 3.1 6
2.9s 2.9
2.9s
2.9
x 1
3b 12
2
3 2 3
3b 3 3 9 3
3 2
3323
3b 3 9
2
332
3
x
4
20.
3
x
4
y
4 7 2x
1
4 2x 7 2x 2x
1
x
4
1
x
4
47
4474
1.8
0.6
m3
1
y
3
1
y 3y
3
8
3y
3
8
8 3y
1
x
4
1
x
4
11
1 2 4(11)
x 44
659
Extra Practice
21.
0.2(1 x) 2(4 0.1x)

0.2 0.2x 8 0.2x
0.2 0.2x 0.2x 8 0.2x 0.2x
0.2 8
Since 0.2 8 is a false statement, this equation
has no solution.
Page 827
4
5
1.
2y
2
20
2.
5x
5
7b
7
y
5
4
y
y
5.
10.
4.
7
4
7a
7
a
12
7
12
7
x
9
or 17
4a
4
12.
4n
4
22
2
13p
13
n 4
7
12
4
14.
q
210
168
5
4 or
65
13
k 3
2
9k
9
k
k or 2.5 k
5m 3
4
5m 3
6
(5m 3)6 4(5m 3)

30m 18 20m 12
30m 18 20m 20m 12 20m
10m 18 12
10m 18 18 12 18
10m 30
30
14
2
9
23
9
23
9
5
29
12q(14) 7(30)
168q 210
168q
168
5p 7
8
2(2) 9(k 3)
4 9k 27
4 27 9k 27 27
23 9k
n3
12q
7
p5
13.
3(n 4)
3n 12
3n 12 3n
12
36
4
(6p 2)8 7(5p 7)

48p 16 35p 49
48p 16 35p 35p 49 35p
13p 16 49
13p 16 16 49 16
13p 65
2.16
3
n(7)
7n
7n 3n
4n
8.
6p 2
7
0.24
3
n
3
a9
x 0.72
7.
4
(a 3)4 8(3)
4a 12 24
4a 12 12 24 12
4a 36
x(3) 9(0.24)
3x 2.16
3x
3
34.84
17.42
a 3
8
11.
t 11
6.
17.42
x2
a
(t 5)2 4(3)
2t 10 12
2t 10 10 12 10
2t 22
2t
2
x
8.71
17.42x
17.42
7(a) 4(3)
7a 12
15
4
15
4
3
34 or 3.75
t 5
3
2
4
4
2
x(17.42) 8.71(4)
17.42x 34.84
189
7
b 27
y(4) 5(3)
4y 15
4y
4
3
5
y2
7
b(7) 63(3)
7b 189
16 x
3.
b
63
y
1(y 5) (y 3)3
y 5 3y 9
y 5 3y 3y 9 3y
2y 5 9
2y 5 5 9 5
2y 4
Lesson 3-6
4(20) 5(x)
80 5x
80
5
1
y 3
9.
14
10m
10
30
10
m3
Extra Practice
660
w 5
4
15.
w 3
3

98 62 36
the base.
(w 5)3 4(w 3)
3w 15 4w 12
3w 15 4w 4w 12 4w
w 15 12
w 15 15 12 15
w 27
w
1
36
62
27
1
36(100) 62(r)
3600 62r
w 27
16.
96.8
t
3600
62
12.1
7
12.1t
12.1
56 t
r 1
r 1
17.
5
(r 1)5 (r 1)3
5r 5 3r 3
5r 5 3r 3r 3 3r
2r 5 3
2r 5 5 3 5
2r 8
2r
2
33
322
3300
322
2n 7
7
(4n 5)7 5(2n 7)

28n 35 10n 35
28n 35 10n 10n 35 10n
18n 35 35
18n 35 35 35 35
18n 0
18n
18
42
78
18
4200
78
Lesson 3-7
100
33(100) 100(r)
3300 100r
3300
100
322r
322
100
78r
78
54 r
230 212 18
as the base.

Find the change.
100 67 33
as the base.
33
100
42(100) 78(r)
4200 78r
n0
Page 827
100
10 r
Find the change.
78 36 42
the base.
r4
18.
62r
62
33(100) 322(r)
3300 322r
2
4n 5
5
58 r
Find the change.
322 289 33
as the base.
96.8(7) t(12.1)
677.6 12.1t
677.6
12.1
100
18
212
100
18(100) 212(r)
1800 212r
100r
100
33 r
1800
212
212r
212
8r
661
Extra Practice
The tax is 4% of the discounted price of the

jacket.
4% of $45.50 0.04 45.50
1.82
$45.50 $1.82 $47.32
The total price of the jacket is $47.32.
10% of $28.95 0.10 28.95
2.895
$28.95 $2.90 $26.05
The discounted price of the backpack is $26.05.
The tax is 5% of the discounted price of the
backpack.
5% of $26.05 0.05 26.05
1.3025
to the discounted price.
$26.05 $1.31 $27.36
The total price of the backpack is $27.36.

65 35 30
the base.
30
35
100
30(100) 35r
3000 35r
3000
35
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
35r
35
86 r
20% of $299 0.20 299
59.80
$299.00 $59.80 $239.20
The discounted price of the television is $239.20.
The tax is 7% of the price of the book.
7% of $15.95 0.07 15.95
1.1165
$15.95 $1.12 $17.07
The total price of the book is $17.07.
The tax is 6.25% of the price of the software.
6.25% of $36.90 0.0625 36.90
2.30625
$36.90 $2.31 $39.21
The total price of the software is $39.21.
15% of $49.99 0.15 49.99
7.4985
$49.99 $7.50 $42.49
The discounted price of the boots is $42.49.
The tax is 3.5% of the discounted price of the
boots.
3.5% of $42.49 0.035 42.49
1.48715
to the discounted price.
$42.49 $1.49 $43.98
The total price of the boots is $43.98.
30% of $65 0.3 65
19.50
$65.00 $19.50 $45.50
The discounted price of the jacket is $45.50.
Extra Practice
Page 827
Lesson 3-8
xrq
xrrqr
xqr
The value of x is q r.
2.
ax 4 7
ax 4 4 7 4
ax 3
1.
ax
a
a
3
xa
3
The value of x is a. Since division by 0 is

undefined, a 0.
3.
2bx b 5
2bx b b 5 b
2bx 5 b
5 b
2b
5 b
x 2b
5 b
of x is 2b .
2bx
2b
The value
undefined, 2b 0 or b 0.
4.
(c a)
x c
c a
x c
c a
a
2 (c a)a
x c ca a2
x c c ca a2 c
x ca a2 c or a2 ac c
The value of x is a2 ac c.
662
5.
c
x y
c
x y
c
d
11.
2 c(d)
2
(A)
h
2A
h
2A
y
h
2A
y
h
x y cd
x y y cd y
x cd y
The value of x is cd y.
6.
2
ax 1
2
ax 1
2
b
12.
2b 1
a
2b 1
x a
2b 1
value of x is a .
The
undefined, a 0.
Page 828
d
n
d
n
d a
.
n b
a
b
a
b
0.60x
0.60
85(4) 95(1)
4 1
9
(y)
5
9
y
5
9
y
5
9
y
5
9 5
5 9 (x 32)
x 32

1.5
0.60
340 95
5
435
5
87
The students average is 87%.
The value of
division by 0 is
undefined, 3 r 0 or 3 r.
5
Amount of
Grape Juice
0.10 (5)
1.00 x
0.40(5 x)
x 2.5
2.5 qt of pure grape juice should be added.
2. The students average is determined using a
weighted average.
3
y 9 (x 32)
Lesson 3-9
0.10(5) 1.00x 0.40(5 x)

0.50 x 2 0.40x
0.50 x 0.40x 2 0.40x 0.40x
0.50 0.60x 2
0.50 0.60x 0.50 2 0.50
0.60x 1.5
2r
r
2r
x3r
2r
x is 3 r. Since
10.
x
Amount of
amount of
amount of
grape juice
grape juice
grape juice
in 10% sol plus in 100% sol equals in 40% sol.
1442443 123 1442443 1
424
3 1442443
0.10(5)

1.00x
0.40(5 x)
The value of x is
undefined, n b 0 or n b.
3x r r(3 x)
9.
3x r 3r rx
3x r rx 3r rx rx
3x r rx 3r
3x r rx r 3r r
3x rx 2r
(3 r)x 2r
(3 r)x
3 r
2rx
2r
Amount of
Solution
10% grape juice
5
100% grape juice
x
40% grape juice
5x
nx a bx d
nx a bx bx d bx
nx a bx d
nx a bx a d a
nx bx d a
(n b)x d a
1. Let x the amount of 100% grape juice to be

added.
The value
undefined, d 0.
A 2r2 2rx
A 2r2 2r2 2rx 2r2
A 2r2 2rx
d(x 3) 5
dx 3d 5
dx 3d 3d 5 3d
dx 5 3d
(n b)x
n b
x
The value of x is 2r r. Since division by 0 is

undefined, 2r 0 or r 0.
5 3d
d
5 3d
x d
5 3d
of x is d .
8.
xyy
A 2r2
2r
A
r
2r
dx
d
xy
The value of x is h y. Since division by 0 is

undefined, h 0.
ax 1 2b
ax 1 1 2b 1
ax 2b 1
7.
2 1
h 2h(x y)
2A
2 2(b)
ax
a
A 2h(x y)
32 x 32 32
32 x
9
The value of x is 5y 32.
663
Extra Practice
3. Let x the number of adult tickets sold.

Number of
Tickets
Cost of
Tickets
Total
Cost
$5.50
5.50x
21 x
$3.50
3.50(21 x)
Adult
Tickets
Child
Tickets
Page 828
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Total cost
total cost
of adult
of child
equals
tickets plus
tickets43 14
$83.50 .
1442443 123 14
44244
424
3 14243
83.50
5.50x
3.50(21 x)

5.50x 3.50(21 x) 83.50
5.5x 73.5 3.5x 83.5
2x 73.5 83.5
2x 73.5 73.5 83.5 73.5
2x 10
2x
2
10
2
Peanuts
Chocolate
Mixture
Price per
Unit
$4.50
$6.50
$5.25
Total
Price
4.50(5)
6.50x
5.25(5 x)
Price of
price of
price of
peanuts
plus
chocolate
equals
mixture.
14243 123 14
4244
31
424
3 1442443
4.50(5)
6.50x
5.25(5 x)
4.50(5) 6.50x 5.25(5 x)
22.5 6.5x 26.25 5.25x
22.5 6.5x 5.25x 26.25 5.25x 5.25x
22.5 1.25x 26.25
22.5 1.25x 22.5 26.25 22.5
1.25x 3.75
1.25x
1.25
3.75
1.25
x3
3 lb of chocolate should be mixed with 5 lb of
peanuts.
5. Let t the number of hours until they meet.
Sheila
Casey
r
55
65
t
t
t
d rt
55t
65t
Distance
distance
traveled
traveled
by
Sheila
plus
by
Casey
equals
210
miles.
14
4244
3 123 14
4244
31
4
424
4
3 14
424
43
55t

65t

210
55t 65t 210
120t 210
120t
120
210
120
t 1.75
65t 65(1.75) or 113.75
They will meet in 1.75 hours, and they will be
113.75 miles from Bozeman.
Extra Practice
xPoint Coordinate
B
1
T
5
P
6
Q
0
A
2
K
4
J
2
L
4
S
3
yCoordinate
2
0
2
6
2
5
5
0
5
Ordered
Pair
(1, 2)
(5, 0)
(6, 2)
(0, 6)
(2, 2)
(4, 5)
(2, 5)
(4, 0)
(3, 5)
Quadrant
I
none
IV
none
III
I
IV
none
II
10. A(2, 3)

11. B(3, 6)
12. C(4, 0)
Move left 4 units.
x-axis.
13. D(4, 3)
14. E(5, 5)
15. F(1, 1)
Move left 1 unit and up 1 unit.
16. G(0, 2)
y-axis.
Move down 2 units.
Draw a dot and label it G.
x5
21 x 21 5 or 16
5 adult tickets and 16 child tickets were sold.
4. Let x the number of pounds of chocolate in the
mixture.
Units
5
x
5x
Lesson 4-1
664
5b.
17. H(2, 3)
Draw a dot and label it H.
18. J(0, 3)
y-axis.
Move up 3 units.
1018.
y
A' A
S' S
Q'
Q
x
6a. To dilate the triangle by a scale factor of 2,

(x, y) S (2x, 2y)
R(2, 1) S R(2 2, 2 1) S R(4, 2)
E(3, 1) S E(2 (3), 2 (1) ) S E(6, 2)
D(2, 4) S D(2 2, 2 (4) ) S D(4, 8) )
B
D
U'
6b.
R'
F
C
R
x
E'
Page 828
D'
Lesson 4-2
7a. To reflect the pentagon over the x-axis, multiply

(x, y) S (x, y)
B(3, 5) S B(3, 5)
L(4, 5) S L(4, 5)
A(4, 1) S A(4, 1)
C(0, 4) S C(0, 4)
K(4, 1) S K(4, 1)
7b.
y
B'
L'

reflection.
left. This is a translation.
3. The figure has been increased in size. This is a
dilation.
4a. To translate the quadrilateral 1 unit up, add 1
to the y-coordinate of each vertex. To translate
the quadrilateral 2 units right, add 2 to the
x-coordinate of each vertex.
(x, y) S (x 2, y 1)
A(2, 2) S A(2 2, 2 1) S A(4, 3)
B(3, 5) S B(3 2, 5 1) S B(1, 6)
C(4, 0) S C(4 2, 0 1) S C(2, 1)
D(2, 2) S D(2 2, 2 1) S D(4, 1)
4b.
y
B'
B
A'
K'
C'
B
8a. To rotate the triangle 90 counterclockwise

vertex and then multiply the new first
coordinate by 1.
(x, y) S (y, x)
A(2, 1) S A(1, 2)
N(4, 1) S N(1, 4)
G(3, 4) S G(4, 3)
C'
x
A'
D'
D
5a. To reflect the square over the y-axis, multiply
(x, y) S (x, y)
S(1, 1) S S(1, 1)
Q(4, 1) S Q(4, 1)
U(4, 4) S U(4, 4)
A(1, 4) S A(1, 4)
665
Extra Practice
8b.
2. Table
N'
x
4
2
0
2
G'
A'
N
y
2
0
2
4
Graph
Mapping
y
9a. To translate the parallelogram 2 units down,

add 2 to the y-coordinate of each vertex. To
translate the parallelogram 1 unit left, add 1
to the x-coordinate of each vertex.
(x, y) S (x 1, y 2)
G(3, 2) S G(3 1, 2 2) S G(4, 4)
R(4, 2) S R(4 1, 2 2) S R(3, 4)
A(6, 4) S A(6 1, 4 2) S A(5, 2)
M(1, 4) S M(1 1, 4 2) S M(2, 2)
9b.
A'
x
7
2
4
5
9
G
R'
G'
4
2
0
2
0
2
4
The domain of this relation is {4, 2, 0, 2}. The

range is {0, 2, 4}.
3. Table
M'
y
5
3
0
7
2
Graph
y
Page 829
Lesson 4-3
1. Table
x
5
0
9
y
2
0
1
Graph
y
Mapping
Mapping
5
0
9
2
0
1
7
2
4
5
9
5
3
0
7
2
The domain of this relation is {9, 2, 4, 5, 7}.

The range is {7, 3, 0, 2, 5}.

range is {1, 0, 2}.
Extra Practice
666
4. Table
x
3.1
4.7
2.4
9
Page 829
1.
y
1
3.9
3.6
12.12
Graph
y
Lesson 4-4
x
0
y
1
y 3x 1
1 3(0) 1
1 1
2 3(4) 1
2 11
4 3(2) 1
45
5 3(2) 1
55
True or False?
true
false
false
true

2.
x
1
y
8
3y x 7
3(8) 1 7
24 8
3(7) 0 7
21 7
3(3) 2 7
99
3(4) 5 7
12 12
True or False?
false
false
true
true

3.
Mapping
X
3.1
4.7
2.4
9
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Y
1
3.9
3.6
12.12
The domain of this relation is {9, 4.7, 2.4, 3.1}.

The range is {3.6, 1, 3.9, 12.12}.
relation: {(1, 3), (2, 4), (3, 5), (4, 6), (5, 7)}
inverse: {(3, 1), (4, 2), (5, 3), (6, 4), (7, 5)}
relation: {(4, 1), (2, 3), (0, 1), (2, 3), (4, 1)}
inverse: {(1, 4), (3, 2), (1, 0), (3, 2), (1, 4)}
relation: {(1, 5), (2, 5), (2, 4), (2, 1), (6, 1)}
inverse: {(5, 1), (5, 2), (4, 2), (1, 2), (1, 6)}
relation: {(3, 7), (5, 2), (9, 1), (3, 2)}
inverse: {(7, 3), (2, 5), (1, 9), (2, 3)}
relation: {(4, 3), (2, 2), (2, 1), (0, 0), (1, 1),
(2, 3), (2, 1)}
inverse: {(3, 4), (2, 2), (1, 2), (0, 0), (1, 1),
(3, 2), (1, 2)}
relation: {(3, 1), (3, 3), (2, 2), (2, 0),
(1, 3), (1, 1), (0, 2), (1, 3), (1, 1), (2, 0),
(2, 2), (3, 1), (3, 3)}
inverse: {(1, 3), (3, 3), (2, 2), (0, 2),
(3, 1), (1, 1), (2, 0), (1, 1), (3, 1), (0, 2),
(2, 2), (1, 3), (3, 3)}
x
2
y
0
4
12
4x 8 2y
4(2) 8 2(0)
88
4(0) 8 2(4)
00
4(0) 8 2(2)
04
4(4) 8 2(12)
16 16
True or False?
true
true
false
true

4.
3x 10 4y
True or False?
3(10) 10 4(5)
false
30 10
1
3(2) 10 4(1)
true
66
0.25
3(3) 10 4(0.25)
true
99
5
3(5) 10 4(5)
false
15 10
x
y
10 5
2
3
5
The solution set is {(2, 1), (3, 0.25)}.

xy3
xyx3x
y3x
x
2
1
0
1
2
3
3
3
3
3
3x
(2)
(1)
0
1
2
y
5
4
3
2
1
(x, y)
(2, 5)
(1, 4)
(0, 3)
(1, 2)
(2, 1)
The solution set is

{(2, 5), (1, 4), (0, 3), (1, 2), (2, 1)}.
667
Extra Practice
6.
x
2
1
0
1
2

2x y 4
2x y 2x 4 2x
y 4 2x
(x, y)
(2, 2)
(1, 1)
(0, 0)
(1, 1)
(2, 2)
y
2
1
0
1
2
x
2
1
0
1
2
The solution set is

{(2, 2), (1, 1), (0, 0), (1, 1), (2, 2)}.
7.
x
2
1
0
1
2
5x 1
5(2) 1
5(1) 1
5(0) 1
5(1) 1
5(2) 1
y
9
4
1
6
11
(x, y)
(2, 9)
(1, 4)
(0, 1)
(1, 6)
(2, 11)
y
11.
13 4x
3
2
13 4(2)
3
1
13 4(1)
3
17
3
13 4(0)
3
13
3
13 4(1)
3
13 4(2)
3
y
7
(x, y)
5
3
5 (2, 7), 11, 173 2, 10, 133 2, (1, 3), 12, 53 26.
11, 173 2
10, 133 2
12, 53 2
2
8 4(2)
5
16
5
1
8 4(1)
5
12
5
8 4(0)
5
8
5
8 4(1)
5
4
5
8 4(2)
5
y
2
3
4
5
6
(x, y)
(2, 2)
(1, 3)
(0, 4)
(1, 5)
(2, 6)
10 2x
3
10 2x
3
10 2x
3
2
10 2(2)
3
1
10 2(1)
3
y
14
3
(x, y)
12, 165 2
11, 125 2
10, 85 2
11, 45 2
(2, 0)
512, 165 2, 11, 125 2, 10, 85 2, 11, 45 2, (2, 0) 6.

668
(x, y)
12, 143 2
(1, 4)
10 2(0)
3
10
3
10 2(1)
3
8
3
10 2(2)
3
512, 143 2, (1, 4), 10, 103 2, 11, 83 2 (2, 2) 6.
The solution set is
Extra Practice
4x
(2)
(1)
0
1
2
The solution set is
8 4x
5
8 4x
5
y

5y 8 4x
5y
8 4x
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
3y
3
(1, 3)
The solution set is
y
x
2
1
0
1
2
(2, 7)
(x, y)
(2, 8)
(1, 6)
(0, 4)
(1, 2)
(2, 0)
y
8
6
4
2
0
The solution set is

{(2, 2), (1, 3), (0, 4), (1, 5), (2, 6)}.
2x 3y 10
2x 3y 2x 10 2x
3y 10 2x
13 4x
3
13 4x
3
4 2x
2(2)
2(1)
2(0)
2(1)
2(2)
The solution set is

{(2, 8), (1, 6), (0, 4), (1, 2), (2, 0)}.
The solution set is

{(2, 9), (1, 4), (0, 1), (1, 6), (2, 11)}.
4x 3y 13
4x 3y 4x 13 4x
3y 13 4x
3y
3
4
4
4
4
4
10, 103 2
11, 83 2
(2, 2)

x 4y 2
x 4y x 2 x
4y 2 x

2y 3x 1
2y
2
y
3x 1
2
3x 1
2
4y
4
3x 1
2
2
3(2) 1
2
2
1
3(1) 1
2
3(0) 1
2
3(1) 1
2
1
12, 52 2
(1, 1)
10, 12 2
1
2
3(2) 1
2
y
(x, y)
(1, 2)
7
2
512, 52 2, (1, 1), 10, 12 2, (1, 2), 12, 72 26.
The solution set is
12, 72 2
x1
2 1
1 1
01
11
21
y
3
2
1
0
1
2 x
4
8
2 (8)
4
2.5
(8, 2.5)
4
2 (4)
4
1.5
(4, 1.5)
2 0
4
0.5
(0, 0.5)
2 4
4
0.5
(4, 0.5)
2 8
4
1.5
(8, 1.5)
(x, y)
(x, y)
(2, 3)
(1,2)
(0, 1)
(1, 0)
(2, 1)

y3x
y33x3
yx3

{(2, 3), (1, 2), (0, 1), (1, 0), (2, 1)}.
x
5
1
3
7
9
2 x
4
2 x
4

{(8, 2.5), (4, 1.5), (0, 0.5), (4, 0.5), (8, 1.5)}.

xy1
x1y11
x1y
x
2
1
0
1
2
x3
5 3
1 3
33
73
93
(x, y)
(5, 2)
(1, 2)
(3, 6)
(7, 10)
(9, 12)
y
2
2
6
10
12

{(5, 2), (1, 2), (3, 6), (7, 10), (9, 12)}.
y
15.
x1
3 1
1 1
01
11
31
x
3
1
0
1
3
y
2
0
1
2
4
(x, y)
(3, 2)
(1, 0)
(0, 1)
(1, 2)
(3, 4)

{(3, 2), (1, 0), (0, 1),(1, 2), (3, 4)}.
O
669
Extra Practice

x y 2
x y x 2 x
y 2 x
2 x
2 (4)
2 (3)
2 0
2 1
2 3
x
4
3
0
1
3
3y 3x 4
1
(3y)
3
y
(x, y)
(4, 2)
(3, 1)
(0, 2)
(1, 3)
(3, 5)
y
2
1
2
3
5
2
x
9
4
3
4
3
8
3
9 x 3
x
6
2
(6)
9
3
2
(3)
9
3

{(4, 2), (3, 1), (0, 2), (1, 3), (3, 5)}.
y
2
(0)
9
2
(1)
9
2
(3)
9
3
(x, y)
2
16, 83 2
(3, 2)
4
3
4
3
3
9
3
10
2
10, 43 2
11, 109 2
13, 23 2
516, 83 2, (3, 2), 10, 43 2, 11, 109 2, 13, 23 26.
1 2
3 3x 4

2x 3y 5
2x 3y 2x 5 2x
3y 5 2x
3y
3
y
5
5 2(5)
3
3
3
5 2(3)
3
3
5 2(0)
3
5 2(5)
3
5 2(6)
3
y
5
1
5
3
y 4
(x, y)
15, 53 2
13, 13 2
10, 53 2
17
3
515, 53 2, 13, 13 2, 10, 53 2, (5, 5), 16, 173 26.
(5, 5)
16, 173 2
3
x
4
4 4x
4
4 4 (4)
4 4 (0)
4 4 (4)
4
3
(6)
4
0.5
4
3
(8)
4
(x, y)
y
7
(4, 7)
4
(0, 4)
1
(4, 1)
(6, 0.5)
(8, 2)

{(4, 7), (0, 4), (4, 1), (6, 0.5), (8, 2)}.
y
Extra Practice
2 (2y) 2 8 2x
2y 8 2x
5 2x
3
5 2x
3
5 2x
3
670
Page 829
Lesson 4-5

are on one side of the equation.
3x 2y
3x 2y 2y 2y
3x 2y 0
2. Since the term y2 has an exponent of 2, the equation
cannot be written in the form Ax By C.
Therefore, this is not a linear equation.
on the other side.
4x 2y 8
4x 2y 2y 8 2y
4x 2y 8
Since the GCF of 4, 2, and 8 is not 1, divide
each side by 2.
2(2x y) 8
2(2x y)
2

3x 1
3(2) 1
3(1) 1
3(0) 1
3(1) 1
3(2) 1
x
2
1
0
1
2
(x, y)
(2, 5)
(1 2)
(0, 1)
(1, 4)
(2, 7)
2
1
x

3x 2y 12
3x 2y 3x 12 3x
2y 12 3x
2y
2
y
12 3x
2
3x 12
2
5
y
y
7
4
1
2
5
6. Since each of the terms and has a variable in

the denominator, the equation cannot be written
in the form Ax By C. Therefore, this is not a
linear equation.
3x y 4
3x y 3x 4 3x
y 4 3x
4 3x
4 3(1)
4 3(0)
4 3(1)
4 3(2)
4 3(3)
y
5
2
1
4
7

the points.
2x y 4
on the other side.
5x 7y 2x 7
5x 7y 2x 2x 7 2x
3x 7y 7
5. First simplify. Then rewrite the equation so that
the variables are on one side of the equation.
2x 5x 7y 2
7x 7y 2
7x 7y 7y 2 7y
7x 7y 2
x
1
0
1
2
3
3x 12
2
(x, y)
1
3(1) 12
2
7.5
(1, 7.5)
3(0) 12
2
6
3(1) 12
2
4.5
3(2) 12
2
3
3(4) 12
2
(0, 6)
(1, 4.5)
(2, 3)
(4, 0)

the points.
y
(x, y)
(1, 7)
(0, 4)
(1, 1)
(2, 2)
(3, 5)

the points.
671
Extra Practice

table.

2x y 6
2x y 2x 6 2x
y 6 2x
1(y) 1(6 2x)
y 2x 6
2x 6
2(1) 6
2(0) 6
2(1) 6
2(2) 6
2(3) 6
x
1
0
1
2
3
y
8
6
4
2
0
x
3
1
0
1
4
(x, y)
(1, 8)
(0, 6)
(1, 4)
(2, 2)
(3, 0)
y
2
2
2
2
2
(x, y)
(3, 2)
(1, 2)
(0, 2)
(1, 2)
(4, 2)

the points.

the points.
y
x

y 5x 7
0 5x 7
0 7 5x 7 7
7 5x

2x 3y 8
2x 3y 2x 8 2x
3y 8 2x
3y
3
y
7
5
7
5
8 2x
3
2x 8
3
2x 8
3
2
2(2) 8
3
(x, y)
y
4
(2, 4)
2(0) 8
3
2(1) 8
3
2(2) 8
3
3
2(4) 8
3
3
2
10, 83 2
(1, 2)
4
12, 43 2
x
(4, 0)
Extra Practice
5x
5
17 2

the points.

y 5x 7
y 5(0) 7
y 7
them.

x
672

5x 2y 8
5x 2(0) 8
5x 8
14. The only value in the domain is 4. Since there is

no y in the equation, the value of y does not
depend on x. Therefore, y can be any real number.
Select five values for the range and make a table.
x
4
4
4
4
4
y
4
2
0
1
3
5x
5
(x, y)
(4, 4)
(4, 2)
(4, 0)
(4, 1)
(4, 3)
x5
The graph intersects the x-axis at
5x 2y 8
5(0) 2y 8
2y 8

the points.
2y
2
185, 02.
2
y 4
Plot these points and draw the line that passes
through them.
x
5

1
x 3y 2
1
x 3 (0) 2
x2
The graph intercepts the x-axis at (2, 0).

4.5x 2.5y 9
4.5x 2.5(0) 9
4.5x 9
x 3y 2
1
0 3y 2
1
y
3
1
y
3
1 2
4.5x
4.5
2
4.5
x2
4.5x 2.5y 9
4.5(0) 2.5y 9
2.5y 9
3(2)
y6
through them.
2.5y
2.5
2.5
y 3.6
through them.
y
673
Extra Practice

1
x
2
1
x
2

graph. Thus, the line represents a function.
3y 12
3(0) 12
1
x
2
1
x
2
12
1 2 2(12)
x 24
1
x
2
3y 12
1
(0)
2
3y 12

graph. Thus, the graph represents a function.
3y 12
3y
3
12
3
y4
through them.
12
9
6
3
12 9 6 3
3
6
9
12
10.
x
Page 830
O
3 6 9 12x
f(x) 2x 5
f(4) 2(4) 5
8 5
3
11. g(x) 3x2 1

g(2) 3(2) 2 1
3(4) 1
12 1
11
12.
f(x) 2x 5
f(3) 5 [ 2(3) 5] 5
(6 5) 5
11 5
6
Lesson 4-6

paired with x 1.
2. The mapping does not represent a function since
the element 2 in the domain is paired with both
4 and 2 in the range. Also, 3 in the domain is
paired with both 2 and 0 in the range.
paired with x 1.
function.
function.
paired with x 4.
Extra Practice
g(x) 3x2 1
g(2) 4 [3(2) 2 1] 4
[3(4) 1] 4
(12 1) 4
11 4
15
14. f(x) 2x 5
f(b2 ) 2(b2 ) 5
2b2 5
13.
15.
g(x) 3x2 1
g(a 1) 3(a 1) 2 1
3(a2 2a 1) 1
(3a2 6a 3) 1
3a2 6a 2
16. f(x) 2x 5 and g(x) 3x2 1

f(0) g(3) [ 2(0) 5] [ 3(3) 2 1]
(0 5) [ 3(9) 1]
5 (27 1)
5 26
31
674
17. f(x) 2x 5 and g(x) 3x2 1

f(n) g(n) [2(n) 5] [3(n) 2 1]
(2n 5) (3n2 1)
3n2 2n 4
Page 830
1. 2
2. 3
12
3. 2
16

2
4
8
4. 21 16 11 6

5
5
5
5. 0 0.25 0.5 0.75
1
3
1
9
1
81
1
27
9
27
13
81
23
33
10
10
10
10
11.
8
9
8

1
1
1
1
1
1
8
5
4
8
11
8
8
8
8
8
3
2
8
12. 3
6
11
3
6

1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
2.
The common difference is

Add 2 to the last
1
11
6
17
3
10
6
3

1
1
1
2
2
2
17
10
The next three terms are 3, 6 , 3 .

an a1 (n 1)d
a12 3 (12 1)6
a12 3 66
a12 69
10

an a1 (n 1)d
a8 2 (8 1)4
a8 2 28
a8 26
2

an a1 (n 1)d
a10 1 (10 1) (3)
a10 1 (27)
a10 28

0.6
8
5 11 3
, .
8 2

9. 2 1.4 0.8 0.2
?
?
?
0.6
7
8
8

2
2
2
0.6
8
The next three terms are 4,

10 12 14 16
0.6
8

1
1
1
2
3
4
9
8

2

8. 4 6 8 10
?
?
?
2
The common difference is 8. Add 8 to the last term

1

10 10 10
2
8
8

33 43 53 63
2
10
29

8
8
8
This is not an arithmetic

sequence because the
difference between terms is
not constant.

2
2
2
7. 3
8
This is an arithmetic
constant. The common
difference is 0.25.

0.25 0.25 0.25
21

29
37
45
53
difference between terms
is constant. The common
difference is 1.
is not constant.
is not constant.
constant. The common
difference is 5.

2
3
4
13
Lesson 4-7
1

1
1
1
6.
10. 5
0.6 0.6
The common difference is 0.6. Add 0.6 to the last

term of the sequence and continue adding 0.6
0.2
0.4 1.0
1.6

0.6 0.6 0.6
The next three terms are 0.4, 1.0, 1.6.
675
Extra Practice
20. 25

sequence with a1 2.2, d 1.4, and n 5.
an a1 (n 1)d
a5 2.2 (5 1)(1.4)
a5 2.2 5.6
a5 7.8
40

5
5

an a1 (n 1)d
a12 2 (12 1)(5)
a12 2 (55)
a12 57
15n 10
an
(n, an)
1
2
3
4
5
15(1)
15(2)
15(3)
15(4)
15(5)
10
10
10
10
10
25
40
55
70
85
(1,
(2,
(3,
(4,
(5,

1
28
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
14
18

3
3
3
8
8
8

1
3
an a1 (n 1)d
1
1 32
a10 22 (10 1) 8
1
a10 22 38
7
a10 8
21. 9

Use the formula for the nth term of an equation
with a1 3 and d 4.
an a1 (n 1)d
an 3 (n 1)4
an 3 4n 4
an 3 4n 4
an 4n 7
20
15
10
5
O
5
6n 15
an
(n, an)
6(1) 15
6(2) 15
6(3) 15
6(4) 15
6(5) 15
9
3
3
9
15
(1, 9)
(2, 3)
(3, 3)
(4, 9)
(5, 15)
4n 7
an
(n, an)
7
7
7
7
7
3
1
5
9
13
(1, 3)
(2, 1)
(3, 5)
(4, 9)
(5, 13)
15
12
9
6
3
O
3
6
9
an
1 2 3 4 5n
Extra Practice
1 2 3 4 5n
3
1
2
3
4
5
4(1)
4(2)
4(3)
4(4)
4(5)
an

an a1 (n 1)d
an 9 (n 1)6
an 9 6n 6
an 6n 15

4
4
4
1
2
3
4
5
25)
40)
55)
70)
85)

6
6
6

19. 3
1
5
9
70

equation with a1 25, d 15.
an a1 (n 1)d
an 25 (n 1)15
an 25 15n 15
an 15n 10
The 5th term of the arithmetic sequence is 7.8.

17. 2 7 12
18. 22
55

15 15 15
676
an
1 2 3 4 5n
22. 3.5
2 0.5
3. 12
The first term is 3.5. The common difference

is 1.5. Use the formula for the nth term to write
an equation with a1 3.5 and d 1.5.
an a1 (n 1)d
an 3.5 (n 1)1.5
an 3.5 1.5n 1.5
an 1.5n 5
n
1.5n 5
an
(n, an)
1
2
3
4
5
1.5(1) 5
1.5(2) 5
1.5(3) 5
1.5(4) 5
1.5(5) 5
3.5
2
0.5
1
2.5
(1, 3.5)
(2, 2)
(3, 0.5)
(4, 1)
(5, 2.5)
3
2
1
O
1
2
3
4
23
34
45

11 11 11

1.5 1.5 1.5

common difference of 11. Each term is 11 more
than the term before it. Add 11, 11, and 11.
45
56
67
78

11 11 11

4. 39
33
27
21

6
6
6

common difference of 6. Each term is 6 less than
21
15
9
3

6
6
6
an

5. 6.0
7.2 8.4
9.6

1.2 1.2 1.2
1 2 3 4 5n

always 1.2. The sequence is arithmetic with a
common difference of 1.2. Each term is 1.2 more
than the term before it. Add 1.2, 1.2, and 1.2.
9.6 10.8 12.0 13.2

1.2 1.2 1.2
Page 830
The next three terms are 10.8, 12.0, and 13.2.

6. 86
81.5 77
72.5
Lesson 4-8

4.5
4.5 4.5
1. The pattern consists of circles with one-tenth

shaded. The section that is shaded is the fourth
section in a clockwise direction from the
previously-shaded section. The next two figures in
the pattern are shown:

always 4.5. The sequence is arithmetic with a
common difference of 4.5. Each term is 4.5 less
than the term before it. Add 4.5, 4.5, and
4.5.
72.5
68 63.5
59

4.5 4.5
4.5
The next three terms are 68, 63.5, and 59.

7. 4
8
16
32
2. The pattern consists of a figure that is alternately

flipped (or reflected) then enlarged and flipped.
Continue the pattern by flipping the last figure
without changing its size or shape, then enlarging
and flipping the figure you just sketched. The
next two figures in the pattern are shown.

4
8
16
The difference between each pair of terms doubles

for each successive pair. Continue doubling each
successive difference. Add 32, 64, and 128.
32
64
128
256

32
64 128

8. 3125
625 125
25

100
2500 500
The difference between each pair of successive

1
terms is 5 of the difference between the previous
1
pair of terms. Continue taking 5 of each
successive difference. Add 20, 4, and 0.8.
25
5
1
0.2

20
4
0.8
The next three terms are 5, 1, and 0.2.
677
Extra Practice
9. 15
16
18
21
25

on the graph.
30

1
2
3
4
5
1

increasing each successive difference by 1. Add 6,
7, and 8.
30
36
43
51
1
2
1
2

1
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
3
2
2
y is always 1
1
less than 2x.
1
2x 1.
1
If x 2, then y 2 (2) 1 or 0.

1
If x 1, then y 2 (1) 1 or 2.

1
1
Thus, y 2x 1 describes this relation. Since

this relation is also a function, we can write the
1
equation in function notation as f(x) 2x 1.
on the graph.

1
1
1
1
1

0
0

1
1
1
1
1
2
2
3

1
x
y

y values is the opposite of the difference in x
values. This suggests y x.
Check:
If x 1, then y (1) or 1.
If x 2, then y (2) or 2.
Thus, y x describes the relation. Since this
relation is also a function, we can write the
equation in function notation as f(x) x.
on the graph.
1
1
3

0

0
1
0
3

0
3
0
0
2
3
4

2
2
The difference of x values is 3, and the difference of

2
y values is 2. The difference of the y values is 3 the
2
difference of the x values. This suggests y 3x.
2
If x 3, then y 3 (3) or 2. But

occurs.
Check:
2
1
3
3
3
3
3
2
x
3
2

0
Check y
2
x
3
y is always 2 more than

2
x.
3
2
2.
2
If x 3, then y 3 (3) 2 or 0.
There is no difference in y values, no matter what

the difference of x values. The value of y remains
constant at 3. This suggests y 3.
Check:
If x 1, then y 3.
If x 3, then y 3.
Thus, y 3 describes the relation. Since this
relation is also a function, we can write the
equation in function notation as f(x) 3.
Extra Practice
2
Check y

on the graph.
3
3
2
2x

1
3
1
x
y
2

2
The difference between successive pairs of terms

alternates between 3 and 1. Continue
alternating the difference. Add 1, 3, and 1.
6
7
4
5
If x 2, then y 2 (2) or 1.

But the y value for x 2 is 0. This is
a difference of 1. Try other values in
the domain to see if the same
difference occurs.
Check:

3
1
3
1
3
2
2
2
The difference of x values is 1, and the difference

1
of y values is 2. The difference of the y values is
1
the opposite of the difference of the x values.
2
1
This suggests y 2x.
The next three terms are w 10, w 12, and

w 14.
11. 13
10
11
8
9
6
x
y

2

2
1
2
2

common difference of 2. Each term is 2 less than
w8
w 10
w 12
w 14

2
1

10. w 2
w4
w6
w8

2

6
7
8

2
1
If x 3, then y 3 (3) 2 or 4.
2
Thus, y 3x 2 describes this relation. Since

this relation is also a function, we can write the
2
equation in function notation as f(x) 3x 2.
678
Page 831
11. Let (1, r) (x1, y1 ) and (1, 4) (x2, y2 ).
Lesson 5-1
y2 y1
1. Let (4, 4) (x1, y1 ) and (2, 0) (x2, y2 ).
mx
y2 y1
mx
5
x1
0 (4)
(4)
4
or 2
2
m 2
m
5
5(2) 4 r
10 4 r
10 4 4 r 4
6 r
(1)(6) (1) (r)
6r
12. Let (r, 2) (x1, y1 ) and (7, 1) (x2, y2 ).
2. Let (4, 2) (x , y ) and (0, 1) (x , y ).

1 1
2 2
y2 y1
mx
x1
1 2
(4)
3
3
or 4
4
m0
m
y2 y1
3. Let (2, 2) (x1, y1 ) and (3, 3) (x2, y2 ).
mx
y2 y1
mx
1
4
1
4
x1
3 2
(2)
5
or 1
5
m3
m
y2 y1
2
m
m
x1
4 (8)
1 (2)
12
or 4
3
y2 y1
2
x1
m 1 or 2
6. Let (5, 4) (x1, y1 ) and (1, 11) (x2, y2 ).
26
3
26
3
y2 y1
2
m
m
x1
11 4
1 (5)
7
4
7. Let (18, 4) (x1, y1 ) and (6, 10) (x2, y2 ).
Page 831
m
m
x1
m
r
y2 y1
2
m
x1
2 0
3 0
or 3
3

y2 y1
y2 y1
m
3r
3
Lesson 5-2
mx
8. Let (4, 6) (x1, y1 ) and (4, 8) (x2, y2 ).

2
10 (4)
6 18
6
1
or 2
12
mx
y2 y1
mx
r 2
(3)
r 2
10
7
2(10) 3(r 2)
20 3r 6
20 6 3r 6 6
26 3r
6 4
m43
mx
2
3
2
3
5. Let (3, 4) (x , y ) and (4, 6) (x , y ).

1 1
2 2
mx
x1
1 (2)
7 r
1
7 r
1(7 r) 4(1)
7r4
7r747
r 3
13. Let (3, 2) (x1, y1 ) and (7, r) (x2, y2 ).
y2 y 1
mx x
4. Let (2, 8) (x , y ) and (1, 4) (x , y ).

1 1
2 2
mx
x1
4 r
1 (1)
4 r
2
mx
x1
8 (6)
4 (4)
2
0
m
x1
3 0
2 0
or 2
1

y2 y1
mx

undefined.
m
9. Let (0, 0) (x , y ) and (1, 3) (x , y ).

1 1
2 2
x1
1 0
5 0
or 5
y2 y1
mx
x1
3 0
0
m 1
or 3
10. Let (8, 1) (x1, y1 ) and (2, 1) (x2, y2 ).

y2 y1
mx
m
x1
1 1
2 (8)
or 0
679
Extra Practice

y kx
7 k(1)
(1)(7) (1)(k)
7k
Therefore, y 7x.
Find x when y 84.
y 7x
84 7x

5
5
1
Graph (0, 0). From the point (0, 0) move up

y
y 5x
84
7
450
6

6
k(6)
6
75 k
Therefore, y 75x.
Find y when x 10.
y 75x
y 75(10)
y 750
y kx
6 k(48)
6 1
Graph (0, 0). From the point (0, 0) move up
6 units and left 1 unit. Draw a dot. Draw a line
y
6
48
1
8
y 6x
x
7x
7
12 x
y kx
450 k(6)
k(48)
48
k
1
Therefore, y 8x.
Find y when x 20.
y 8x
4
3 3
Graph (0, 0). From the point (0, 0) move down
y 8 (20)
y 2.5
Page 831
4
3
y x
O

y kx
45 k(9)
45
9
k(9)
9
5k
Therefore, y 5x.
Find y when x 7.
y 5x
y 5(7)
y 35
Extra Practice
Lesson 5-3

y mx b
y 5x (15)
y 5x 15
y mx b
y 6x 3
y mx b
y 0.3x (2.6)
y 0.3x 2.6
y mx b
4
y 3x 3
2

y mx b
2
y 5 x 2
680
6. Replace m with
7
4

2
2 or 1 . From (0, 3), move down 2 units and
right 1 unit. Draw a dot. Draw a line connecting
the points.
and b with 2.
y mx b
7
y 4x (2)
7
y 4x 2
7. Find the slope.

y2 y1
mx
m
m
x1
1 3
2 0
2
or
2
y 2x 3
1

y-intercept is 3.
y mx b
y 1x 3
y x 3
8. Find the slope.

3x y 6
3x y 3x 6 3x
y 3x 6
(1)(y) (1) (3x 6)
y 3x 6
3
is 3 or 1. From (0, 6), move up 3 units and right
points.
y2 y1
mx
m
m
x1
2 (3)
2 0
1
1
or 2
2

y-intercept is 3.
y mx b
y 2x (3)
y
1
2x
3
9. Find the slope.

y2 y1
mx
3x y 6
x1
2 1
(3)
m0
1
m3
y-intercept is 2.
y mx b
Page 832
y 3x 2
5
is 5 or 1. From (0, 1), move up 5 units and right
points.
y
y 5x 1
O
Lesson 5-4
1. The point (0, 0) lies on the y-axis.

y mx b
y 2x 0
y 2x
y mx b
2 4(3) b
2 12 b
2 12 12 b 12
14 b
y mx b
y 4x 14
3. The point (0, 5) lies on the y-axis.
y mx b
y 1x 5
y x 5
681
Extra Practice

y mx b
8. Find the slope.

y2 y1
mx
m
32b
1
5
2
b
9. Find the slope.

y2 y1
5
2
mx

y mx b
m
m
5 3 (1) b
2
2
5 3 3 b 3
17
3 b
y mx b
2
17
y 3x 3
y
2
x
3
17
3
y2 y1
mx

y mx b
1
4
1
4
1
4
m
1 2b
1
2
8
44b4
15
4 b
y mx b
15
y 8x
15
4
m
m
m
m
x1
7 3 (5) b
2 7
8 (1)
9
or 1
9
7
7

y mx b
7 1(1) b
71b
711b1
6b
y mx b
y 1x 6
y x 6
Extra Practice
x1
3 7
1 5
4
2
or 3
6

y mx b
y2 y1
2
or 1
y2 y1
mx
7. Find the slope.

mx
x1
1 0
0 1

y mx b
y 1x 1
y x 1
11. Find the slope.
4b
y 8x 4
x1
1 (1)
7 8
0
or 0
1

y mx b
1 0(8) b
1 b
y mx b
y 0x (1)
y 1
10. Find the slope.
5 3 b
2
or 4
y 4x 5

y mx b
y
5 0
0 4

y mx b
322b2
1
4x
x1
3 4 (2) b
10
3
11
3
10
3
10
3
b
b
10
3
b

y mx b
2
y 3x
682
11
3
12. Find the slope.

y mx b
y2 y1
mx
x1
m
m

(2, 0) and (0, 1).
y2 y1

y mx b
mx
y 2x 1
(1, 0) and (0, 4).
y2 y1
y 3x (10)
mx
y 3x 10
m
13. Find the slope.
m
x1
3 3
1 (2)
0
or 0
3

y mx b
3 0(2) b
3b
y mx b
y 0x 3
y3
14. Find the slope.
3 0
0
m 4

y mx b
y 1x 5
y x 5
(1, 0) and (0, 3).
y2 y1
mx
or 4
m

y mx b
3
3
y 4x
y2 y1
m
m
m
x1
3
4
1 12
2
1
4
3
4
or 3
1
1
y 4x 1
1
2

(3, 0) and (0, 3).
y2 y1
1 12
mx
3 2 b
m
6 b
1
or 4
y 4x (1)

y mx b
1
2
1
2
1
6
2
3
x1
1 0
0 (4)

y mx b
2
1
4
or 3
y2 y1
mx
15. Find the slope.

2
x1
3 0
0 (1)

y mx b
y 3x 3
(4, 0) and (0, 1).
y 4x 0
mx
x1
5 0
m 0 5 or 1
x1
or 4
y2 y1
mx
y2 y1
mx
x1
4 0
0 1

y mx b
y 4x (4)
y 4x 4
(5, 0) and (0, 5).
y2 y1
m

y mx b
5 5 b
5 5 5 b 5
10 b
y mx b
x1
1 0
m 0 2 or 2
5 3 (3) b
mx
y 3x 3
15 (5)
3 (3)
10
5
or 3
6
x1
3 0
0 3
or 1

y mx b
y 1x (3)
yx3
6 b 6
b
683
Extra Practice
Page 832
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
11.
Lesson 5-5
y y1 m(x x1 )
y (2) 3(x 5)
y 2 3(x 5)
y y m(x x )
1
1
y 4 5(x 5)
y y1 m(x x1 )
y 6 2(x 0)
y 6 2x
y y1 m(x x1 )
y 1 0 [x (3) ]
y10
y y m(x x )
1
1
12.
y 0 3 [x (1) ]
2
y 3 (x 1)
6.
y y m(x x )
1
1
3
y (4) 4 [ x (2) ]
13.
y 4 4 (x 2)
7.
8.
y 3 2(x 4)
y 3 2x 8
y 3 3 2x 8 3
y 2x 11
y 2x 2x 11 2x
2x y 11
(1)(2x y) (1) (11)
2x y 11
14.
15.
y 3 2 (x 6)
1 12
y 1 1.5(x 3)
2(y 1) 2(1.5) (x 3)
2y 2 3(x 3)
2y 2 3x 9
2y 2 2 3x 9 2
2y 3x 11
2y 3x 3x 11 3x
3x 2y 11
(1)(3x 2y) (1)11
3x 2y 11
y 6 3.8(x 2)
5(y 6) 5(3.8)(x 2)
5y 30 19(x 2)
5y 30 19x 38
5y 30 30 19x 38 30
5y 19x 8
5y 19x 19x 8 19x
19x 5y 8
y 1 2(x 5)
y 1 2x 10
y 1 1 2x 10 1
y 2x 9
y 3 4(x 1)
y 3 4x 4
y 3 3 4x 4 3
y 4x 7
y 6 4(x 2)
y 6 4x 8
y 6 6 4x 8 6
y 4x 14
4
y 1 5 (x 5)
16.
2(y 3) 2 2 (x 6)
y 1 5x 4
2y 6 1(x 6)
2y 6 x 6
2y 6 6 x 6 6
2y x 12
2y x x 12 x
x 2y 12
9.
y4
3(y 4)
2
3 (x
2
3 3
y 1 1 5x 4 1
4
y 5x 3
5)
y
y
1
4
1
4
2
x
3
2
x
3
2
x
3
1
4

y
143 2 (x 6)
y43 x2
18.
Page 832
3y 6 4(x 6)
3y 6 4x 24
3y 6 6 4x 24 6
3y 4x 30
3y 4x 4x 30 4x
4x 3y 30
(1)(4x 3y) (1)(30)
4x 3y 30
Extra Practice
y 4x 2
y 2 3 (x 6)
3(y 2) 3
y 2 2 4x 2 2
3y 12 2(x 5)
3y 12 2x 10
3y 12 12 2x 10 12
3y 2x 22
3y 2x 2x 22 2x
2x 3y 22
10.
y 2 4x 2
1 2 (x 5)
y 2 4 (x 2)
17.

1
3
1
1
4
3
1
12
Lesson 5-6

slope, 4.
y y1 m(x x1 )
y 6 4(x 1)
y 6 4x 4
y 6 6 4x 4 6
y 4x 2
684

slope, 2.
y y1 m(x x1 )
y 6 2(x 4)
y 6 2x 8
y 6 6 2x 8 6
y 2x 2

6x y 4
6x y 6x 4 6x
y 6x 4
1
y y1 m(x x1 )

2
slope, 3.
y y1 m(x x1 )
y 3 6 [ x (2) ]
1
y 3 6 (x 2)
1
10
3
y 3 3 6x 3 3
y 6x
y 3x 2

3
4

slope, 3.
y y1 m(x x1 )
y (2) 3(x 5)
y 2 3x 15
y 2 2 3x 15 2
y 3x 13
3x 8y 4
3x 8y 3x 4 3x
8y 3x 4
8y
8
y
y y1 m(x x1 )
4
y 0 3 (x 0)
4
y 3x
4x 3y 2
4x 3y 4x 2 4x
3y 4x 2
3x 4
8
3
1
8x 2
3y
3
1
y 0 4 (x 4)
4
y
y 4 (x 4)
3
y 4x 3
3x 5y 1
3x 5y 3x 1 3x
5y 3x 1
x 7
5
1
7
x
5
5
1
5y
5

1
slope, 5.
y y1 m(x x1 )
y
3x 1
5
3
1
x
5
5

3
5
y 3 5 (x 2)
1
y y m(x x )
1
1
y 7 3 (x 6)
1
x
5
13
5
y 3 5x 5
y 3 3 5x 5 3
y
4x 2
3
4
2
x3
3

4
3
y y m(x x )
1
1

x 5y 7
x 5y x 7 x
5y x 7
5y
5
y
3

3
slope, 8. The point (0, 4) lies on the y-axis. The
y-intercept is 4.
y mx b
y
y 3 6x 3
y 3 (x 3)
3
8x
y 0 3 [x (3) ]
y 7 3 10
5
y 7 7 3x 10 7
3
5.
7. The slope of the given line is

So, the slope of
3
5
reciprocal of 5 or 3. The point (0, 1) lies on the
y-axis, so the y-intercept is 1.
y mx b
y 3x 17
y 3x (1)
5
y 3x 1
685
Extra Practice
2. d (3) 6
d3 6
d33 6
d 6
The solution

8x 4y 15
8x 4y 8x 15 8x
4y 8x 15
4y
4
y
8x 15
4
15
2x 4

1
3.
y y1 m(x x1 )
1
y (1) 2 (x 5)
1
1
x
2
1
x
2
5
2
7
2
y 1 2x 2
y11
y
Page 833

Lesson 5-7

age of the car increases, the value decreases.
decade increases, the number of students increases.
3. The graph shows no correlation.
year increases, the number of metric tons of fish
caught in China increases.
5. Find the slope.
6.
38 24
m 1998 1994
m
14
4
or 2
1
7.
y 24 2 (x 1994)
7
y 24 2x 6979
7
y 24 24 2x 6979 24
7
y 2x 6955
7

y
y
7
x 6955
2
7
(2005)
2
6955
y 62.5
There should be about 62.5 millions of metric tons
of fish caught in China in 2005.
Lesson 6-1

1.
c93
c9939
c 6
The solution set is {c|c 6}.
6
Extra Practice
4
2
10
16
20
24
4
2
4
2
2x 7 x 3
2x x 7 x 3 x
x 7 3
The solution set is {x|x 7 3}.
2
2x 3 x
2x 3 x x x
x30
x3303
x3
0
16 w 6 20
16 w 16 6 20 16
w 6 36
The solution set is {w|w 6 36}.
40 32 24 16 8
9.
Page 833
12
6
8
2
8.
2
2
2 7
9
set is {h|h 7 9}.
6
8
4

y y m(x x )
11 7 d 4
11 4 7 d 4 4
7 7 d
7 7 d is the same as d 6 7.
The solution set is {d|d 6 7}.
10
x1
10
5.
y2 y1
mx
z 4 7 20
z 4 4 7 20 4
z 7 24
The solution set is {z|z 7 24}.
4. h (7) 7
h7 7
h77 7
h 7
The solution
1
13
13
13 3
10
set is {d|d 6 10}.
2
686
14p 7 5 13p
14p 13p 7 5 13p 13p
p 7 5
The solution set is {p|p 7 5}.
0
10.
7 6 16 z
7 z 6 16 z z
7 z 6 16
7 z 7 6 16 7
z 6 23
0
11.
12
16
20
12.
1
t
2
11
12
1
1
t4
2
1
1
2t
4
1
4
1
2
3
4
11
12

3
t
2
3
t
2
4
2
3
2
3

5j
5
t33
11
3
2
1
11
12
6.
3.
1
4.
4
2
p
5
p
(5) 5
8f
8
7 12
7 (3) (12)
6 8
6 (5)8
48
8
f 7 6
The solution set is { f|f 7 6}.
6. 0.25t 10
0.25t
0.25
10
0.25
t 40
7.
g
8
g
(8) 8
6 4
7 (8)4
g 7 32
The solution set is { g|g 7 32}.
8. 4.3x 6 2.58
5z 6 7 4z
5z 6 4z 7 4z 4z
z6 7 0
z66 7 06
z 7 6
2
w
3
w
(3) 3
p 6 40
The solution set is { p|p 6 40}.
5. 8f 6 48
a 2.3 7.8
a 2.3 2.3 7.8 2.3
a 5.5
The solution set is {a|a 5.5}.
6
60
5
w 7 36
The solution set is {w|w 7 36}.
2 9n 10n
2 9n 9n 10n 9n
2 n
2
49
7
j 7 12
The solution set is { j|j 7 12}.
t
1
b 7
2. 5j 6 60
9x 6 8x 2
9x 8x 6 8x 2 8x
x 6 2
3
16.
7b
7
4
15.
t3
2
Lesson 6-2

1. 7b 49
t is the same as t 12.
2
Page 833
2t
The solution set is t|t
14.
24
1.1v 1 7 2.1v 3
1.1v 1 1.1v 7 2.1v 3 1.1v
1 7 v 3
1 3 7 v 3 3
2 7 v
2 7 v is the same as v 6 2.
The solution set is {v|v 6 2}.
2
13.

n (6) 7 9
n6 7 9
n66 7 96
n 7 15
The solution set is {n|n 7 15}.
5n 6 6n 12
5n 6n 6 6n 12 6n
n 6 12
4.3x
4.3
2.58
4.3
x 7 0.6
The solution set is {x|x 7 0.6}.
9. 4c 6
4c
4
6
4
c 1.5
The solution set is {c|c 1.5}.
687
Extra Practice
10.
6 0.8n
6
0.8
Page 834
0.8n
0.8
7.5 n
7.5 n is the same as n 7.5.
The solution set is {n|n 7.5}.
11.
2
m
3
3 2
m
2 3
12
3y
3
22
132 2 (22)
7s
7
0.05a
0.05
28
15
28
or
15
a 7
13
3.
9x 6 42
197 2 179x2 7 197 242
y
32
0.375
256
or
3
6v
6
The solution set is y|y 853 .

16. 7y 91
7y
7
10
153 2 (10)
50
n 3 or 163
100
400
3
or 1333
Extra Practice
30
6
18
2
12
4
t 7 3
The solution set is {t|t 7 3}.
0.75
n
4t
4

0.75n 100
0.75n
0.75
15
5
k 7 9
The solution set is {k|k 7 9}.
6.
2x 1 6 16 x
2x 1 2x 6 16 x 2x
1 6 16 x
1 16 6 16 x 16
15 6 x
15 6 x is the same as x 7 15.
7.
15t 4 7 11t 16
15t 4 11t 7 11t 16 11t
4t 4 7 16
4t 4 4 7 16 4
4t 7 12
91
y 13
The solution set is {y|y 13}.
1n 7 7
(1)(n) 6 (1)(7)
n 6 7
12
2k
2
7
3
n
5
5 3
n
3 5
v5
5.
2k 12 6 30
2k 12 12 6 30 12
2k 6 18
853
e 6 3
The solution set is {e|e 6 3}.
4.
6v 3 33
6v 3 3 33 3
6v 30
x 7 54
15. 0.375y 32
0.375y
0.375
5e 9 7 24
5e 9 9 7 24 9
5e 7 15
5e
5
The solution set is a|a 7 115 .

14.
or 37
The solution set is s|s 6 37 .
13
115
25
7
25
7
s 6
500 6 a
500 6 a is the same as a 7 500.
The solution set is {a|a 7 500}.
13. 15a 6 28
15a
15
33
3
y 7 11
The solution set is {y|y 7 11}.
2.
7s 12 6 13
7s 12 12 6 13 12
7s 6 25
m 33
12. 25 7 0.05a
25
0.05
Lesson 6-3

1.
3y 4 7 37
3y 4 4 7 37 4
3y 7 33
688
8.
13 y 29 2y
13 y y 29 2y y
13 29 3y
13 29 29 3y 29
16 3y
16
3
16
3
16
3
The
9.
14.
2q
2
15
5
18
6
4
2
5w
5
6t
6
6 (3)(9)
11
4
3
24
3
24
32
2
12
6
8k
8
4y
4
6 y
3
6 y is the same as y 7 24 or 2.75.
The solution set is y|y 7 24 .
t 6 16
19.
7 5
7 7 5 7
z
4
z
(4) 4
1 k
1 k is the same as k 1.
The solution set is {k|k 1}.
17.
9m 7 6 2(4m 1)
9m 7 6 8m 2
9m 7 8m 6 8m 2 8m
m 7 6 2
m 7 7 6 2 7
m 6 9
The solution set is {m|m 6 9}.
18. 3(3y 1) 6 13y 8
9y 3 6 13y 8
9y 3 9y 6 13y 8 9y
3 6 4y 8
3 8 6 4y 8 8
11 6 4y
6 9
r 7 8
set is {r|r 7 8}.
7 c 17
7 c 17
7 c 17
7 c 17 c
7 17
7 17 5
7 12
8
8
2t 5 6 27
2t 5 5 6 27 5
2t 6 32
z
4
48
6
c 7 2
The solution set is {c|c 7 2}.
16.
5(k 4) 3(k 4)
5k 20 3k 12
5k 20 5k 3k 12 5k
20 8k 12
20 12 8k 12 12
8 8k
3 7 t
3 7 t is the same as t 6 3.
z
4
6c
6
3w
3 w is the same as w 3.
11.
4t 5 7 2t 13
4t 5 4t 7 2t 13 4t
5 7 6t 13
5 13 7 6t 13 13
18 7 6t
13.
6r
6
The solution
15. 8c (c 5)
8c c 5
7c 5
7c 5 c
6c 5
6c 5 5
6c
1
53.
q 2
10.
2(w 4) 7(w 1)
2w 8 7w 7
2w 8 2w 7w 7 2w
8 5w 7
8 7 5w 7 7
15 5w
2t
2
7r 37
7r 37 7r
37
37 11
48
y
16
y is the same as y 3 or
1
solution set is y|y 53 .
2t 5
3
2t 5
(3) 3
7
7
7
7
7
3y
3
5q 7 3(q 1)
5q 7 3q 3
5q 7 3q 3q 3 3q
2q 7 3
2q 7 7 3 7
2q 4
12.
13r 11
13r 11 7r
6r 11
6r 11 11
6r
5x 10(3x 4)
5x 30x 40
5x 30x 30x 40 30x
25x 40
25x
25
12
40
25
8
x 5 or 15 or 1.6
(4)(12)
The solution set is x|x 15 .
z 48
689
Extra Practice
4.
3a3 a1
20.
3a 2 a 1
3a 2 a a 1 a
2a 2 1
2a 2 2 1 2
2a 3
2a
2
a
3
2
3
2
4v 1 3v
4v 1 4v 3v 4v
1 v
(1)(1) (1) (v)
1v
and

graphs.
Graph 2 v or v 2.
or 12
2v 2 3v
2v 2 2v 3v 2v
2 v
Graph 1 v or v 1.
The solution set is a|a 12 .
Page 834
1.
or
2x 7 5
2 x 6 5
2x2 7 52
2 x 2 6 5 2
x 6 7
x 7 3
8
2.
Lesson 6-4
16 4b
16
4
10
10
10
12
12
Graph
t 11.
12
Find the
union.
2g
2
2g
2
9 6 2z 7
9 7 6 2z 7 7
16 6 2z
16
2
4 b or b 4.
Find the
intersection.
2z 7 6 10
2z 7 7 6 10 7
2z 6 3
and
2z
2
2z
2
8 6 z
3
2
z 6 1.5

graphs.
2
Graph
8 6 z or z 7 8.
Graph z 6 1.5.
2 g or g 2.
Graph g 4.
Find the
intersection.
The solution set is {z|8 6 z 6 1.5}.
Find the
intersection.
The solution set is {g|2 g 4}.
Extra Practice
The solution set is {b|4 b 4}.

6. First express 9 6 2z 7 6 10 using and.
Graph
Graph b 4.
2 g
g4
graphs.
4
b4
4b
4
Graph
The solution set is {t|t is a real number.}.

and
2g 7 15
3 2g 7
3.
2g 7 7 15 7
3 7 2g 7 7
4 2g
2g 8
4
2
32
8

graphs.
The solution set is {x|x 6 7 or x 7 3}.

or
4 t 6 7
4 t 7 5
4 t 4 6 7 4
4 t 4 7 5 4
t 7 1
t 6 11
Graph
t 1.
4 b
Find
the
union.
8b
8
4 12 4b 12 12
Graph
x 3.
3b 4 7b 12
and
8b 7 25
3b 4 3b 7b 12 3b
8b 7 7 25 7
4 4b 12
8b 32
Graph
x 7.

5.
690
5m 8 10 m
7.
5m 11 6 9
or
6m 8 10
5m
5
6m 18
20
5
4p 6 6 8
4p 8 6
4p 8 8 6 8
4p
4
m3
Graph m 3.
2
2
4
p 6
1
2
4p
4
2 1 0 1
Graph p 6 2.
2 1 0 1
2 1 0 1
Graph p 2.
Find the union.

2
The solution set is {m|m 6 4 or m 3}.

8.
25
5
14
7
c2
11.
5c
5
7
7
7
7
7
16 2r
and
16 2r 2r
16
16 8
8
4r
4
8
4
5 c
The solution set is {c|c is a real number.}.

9. First express 2h 2 3h 4h 1 using and.
and
2h 2 3h
2h 2 2h 3h 2h
2 h
7r 21
7r 21 r
6r 21
6r 21 21
6r
6
6
6
6
6
r9
r9r
9
9 21
30
6r
6
30
6
r 6 5
Graph r 7 2.
Graph
5 c or c 5.
Find the union.
6.
r 7 2
1
2

graphs.
Graph c 2.
2r 8
2r 8 2r
4r 8
4r 8 8
4r

6
The solution set is p|2 p 6
12c 4 5c 10
4c 1 c 24
or
12c 4 5c 5c 10 5c
4c 1 4c c 24 4c
7c 4 10
1 5c 24
7c 4 4 10 4
1 24 5c 24 24
7c 14
25 5c
7c
7
2
4
p 2
Graph m 6 4.

graphs.

0
4p 2
4p 6 2
18
6
5p 8 p 6
5p 8 p p 6 p
4p 6 6 6 8 6
m 6 4
and
3p 6 6 8 p
3p 6 p 6 8 p p
5m 6 20
6m 8 8 10 8
6m
6
10.
5m 11 11 6 9 11
5m 8 m 10 m m
Graph r 6 5.
Find the
intersection.

is the empty set .
3h 4h 1
3h 4h 4h 1 4h
h 1
(1) (h) (1) (1)
h1
12.

graphs.
4j 3
4j 3 4j
3
3 22
19
6
6
6
6
6
j 22
and
j 22 4j
5j 22
5j
5j
19
5
5j
5
Graph 2 h or h 2.
j3
j3j
3
3 15
12
6
6
6
6
6
2j 15
2j 15 j
j 15
j 15 15
j
3.8 6 j
2 1 0 1 2 3

graphs.
Graph h 1.
2 1 0 1 2 3
Graph
12
12
12
2 1 0 1 2 3
3.8 6 j or j 7 3.8.
Graph
12 6 j or j 7 12.
The solution set is { j|j 7 12}.
691
Extra Practice
13.
2(q 4) 3(q 2)
16. First express (2x 5) x 5 2x 9 using

and.
q84q
or
q8q4qq
2q 8 3q 6
2q 8 4
2q 8 2q 3q 6 2q
(2x 5) x 5
2q 8 8 4 8
8 q 6
8 6 q 6 6
2q 12
2q
2
14 q
10 3x
10
3
3x
3
33 x
4 8

graphs.
Graph q 6.
0
14 x
5 5 3x 5 5
Graph 14 q or q 14.
16 12 8 4
5x9
59x99
5 3x 5

0
x 5 x 2x 9 x
2x 5 2x x 5 2x
12
2
q6
16 12 8 4
x 5 2x 9
and
2x 5 x 5
4 8
Graph
Find the union.

16 12 8 4
12
16
12
16
14 x or x 14.
12
16
Find the
intersection.
33 x or x 33 .
4 8
Graph
The solution set is {q|q is a real number.}.

1
w
2
14. First express

and.
1
w
2
1
w
2
5w2
5w2
1
w 2 2w 2w 9 2w
5 2w w 2 2w
1
1
w
2
5 2w 2
1
1
w
2
5 2 2w 2 2
1
29
1
(2) 2 w
1
(2) 2 w
6w
Page 834
2292
1
w
2
3 2w
(2)3
9 using
w 2 2w 9
and
1
1
w
2
7
(2)7
w 14

graphs.
5
6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Graph
6 w or w 6.
6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Graph w 14.
6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Find the
intersection.
12 8 4
or
n 6 n 7 10
2n 6 7 10
3n
3
12
16
20
24
28
30
The solution set is { g|g 6 14 or g 7 2}.

3. Write |t 5| 3 as t 5 3 and t 5 3.
Case 1:
Case 2:
t53
t 5 3
t5535
t 5 5 3 5
t8
t2
21
3
n 6 7
2n 7 16
2n
2
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2
3n 1 7 20
3n 1 1 7 20 1
3n 7 21
2n 6 6 7 10 6
The solution set is { y|10 6 y 6 28}.

2. Write |g 6| 7 8 as g 6 7 8 or g 6 6 8.
Case 1:
Case 2:
g6 7 8
g 6 6 8
g66 7 86
g 6 6 6 8 6
g 7 2
g 6 14

is the empty set .
15. n (6 n) 7 10
Lesson 6-5
1. Write |y 9| 6 19 as y 9 6 19 and
y 9 7 19.
Case 1:
Case 2:
y 9 6 19
y 9 7 19
y 9 9 6 19 9
y 9 9 7 19 9
y 6 28
y 7 10
16
2
n 7 8
10
The solution set is {t|2 t 8}.

4. Write |a 5| 0 as a 5 0 or a 5 0.
Case 1:
Case 2:
a50
a50
a5505
a5505
a 5
a 5
Graph n 7 8.
8
Graph n 6 7.
Find the union.
3
The solution set is {n|n 6 7 or n 7 8}.
2
1
The solution set is {a|a is a real number.}.

Extra Practice
692
5. Write |14 2z| 16 as 14 2z 16 or

14 2z 16.
Case 1:
Case 2:
14 2z 16
14 2z 14 16 14
14 2z 16
14 2z 14 16 14
2z 30
2z 2
2z
2
2z
2
2
z 1
0
10. Write |3p 5| 23 as 3p 5 23 and

3p 5 23.
Case 1:
Case 2:
3p 5 23
3p 5 23
3p 5 5 23 5
3p 5 5 23 5
3p 18
3p 28
30
2
3p
3
12
16
20
10

6. |a 5| 3 means that the distance between a
and 5 is 3 units. Since distance cannot be
negative, there is no real number that makes this
statement true. The solution set is the empty set .
3
2
1
2m
2
8 6 4 2
8 4
20 24
5
12
y1
1
y
The solution set is 1,
1
45
6.
21
5
21
or
5
p6 .
6b 12 36
6b 12 12 36 12
6b 24
48
6
6b
6
24
6
b 4
3x
3
x 7
20
3
2
63
The solution set is
3x
3
30
3
x 6 10
8
2
x|63
10
12
6 x 6 10 .
13. Write |7 8x| 7 39 as 7 8x 7 39 or

7 8x 6 39.
Case 1:
Case 2:
7 8x 6 39
7 8x 7 39
7 8x 7 6 39 7
7 8x 7 7 39 7
8x 7 32
8x 6 46
28 32 36
5y
5
5
1
p|93
28
3
1
93
The solution set is {b| 4 b 8}.

12. Write |25 3x| 6 5 as 25 3x 6 5 and
25 3x 7 5.
Case 1:
Case 2:
25 3x 6 5
25 3x 7 5
25 3x 25 6 5 25 25 3x 25 7 5 25
3x 6 20
3x 7 30
The solution set is {w|w 6 or w 34}.

9. Write |13 5y| 8 as 13 5y 8
or 13 5y 8.
Case 1:
Case 2:
13 5y 8
13 5y 8
13 5y 13 8 13 13 5y 13 8 13
5y 5
5y 21
5y
5
6 4 2
14 w 20
14 w 14 20 14
w 34
(1) (w) (1) (34)
w 34
12 16
2
b8
The solution set is {m|m 6 4 or m 7 9}.

8. Write |14 w| 20 as 14 w 20 or
14 w 20.
Case 1:
Case 2:
14 w 20
14 w 14 20 14
w 6
(1) (w) (1) (6)
w 6
4
6
6b
6
8
2
10
p
6b 12 36
6b 12 12 36 12
6b 48
m 6 4
m 7 9
8
11. Write |6b 12| 36 as 6b 12 36 and

6b 12 36.
Case 1:
Case 2:
18
2
3p
3
The solution set is
7. Write |2m 5| 7 13 as 2m 5 7 13 or
2m 5 6 13.
Case 1:
Case 2:
2m 5 7 13
2m 5 6 13
2m 5 5 7 13 5
2m 5 5 6 13 5
2m 7 18
2m 6 8
2m
2
18
3
p6
z 15
8x
8
32
8
8x
8
46
8
x 6 5.75
x 7 4
6 4 2
The solution set is {x|x 6 5.75 or x 7 4} .
45
693
Extra Practice
14. Write |4c 5| 25 as 4c 5 25 or

4c 5 25.
Case 1:
Case 2:
4c 5 25
4c 5 25
4c 5 5 25 5
4c 5 5 25 5
4c 20
4c 30
4c
4
20
4
4c
4
c5
18. Write
Case 1:
30
4
2b
2
5s
5
42
5
s 6 8.4
8 6 4 2
4
2
17. Write
Case 1:
2n 1
3
2n 1
(3) 3
0 10 as
2n 1
3
2n 1
(3) 3
10
(3)10
2n
2
8
4
10
12
2b
2
2
6 4 2
13
2
b 6.5
2
The solution set is {b|b 3.5 or b 6.5}.
10
(3)(10)
Page 835
12
Lesson 6-6

29
2
n 14.5
n 15.5
16 12
10.
2n 1 30
2n 1 1 30 1
2n 29
31
2
13
2
b 6.5
b 3.5
2n 1
3
Case 2:
2n 1 30
2n 1 1 30 1
2n 31
2n
2
10 or
2b
2
2n 1
3
The solution set is {x| 2 x 12}.

20. |3 (2b 6)| 10
|3 2b 6| 10
|3 2b| 10
Write |3 2b| 10 as 3 2b 10 or
3 2b 10.
Case 1:
Case 2:
3 2b 10
3 2b 10
3 2b 3 10 3
3 2b 3 10 3
2b 7
2b 13
The solution set is {x|x 13 or x 7}.

2n 1
3
2b
2
10
The solution set is {s|s 6 8.4 or s 7 10}.

16. |4 (1 x)| 10
|4 1 x| 10
|3 x| 10
Write |3 x| 10 as 3 x 10 or
3 x 10.
Case 1:
Case 2:
3 x 10
3 x 10
3 x 3 10 3
3 x 3 10 3
x7
x 13
16 12 8
1
(2) (3)
7 2b 6
7 2b 7 6 7
2b 13
2
3
The solution set is {b|0.5 b 6.5}.

19. |2 (x 3)| 7
|x 5| 7
Write |x 5| 7 as x 5 7 and x 5 7.
Case 1:
Case 2:
x57
x 5 7
x5575
x 5 5 7 5
x 12
x 2
50
5
(2)3
b 0.5
s 7 10
0
7 2b
2
7 2b
(2) 2
3
7 2b 6
7 2b 7 6 7
2b 1
The solution set is {c|c 7.5 or c 5}.

15. Write |4 5s| 7 46 as 4 5s 7 46 or
4 5s 6 46.
Case 1:
Case 2:
4 5s 7 46
4 5s 6 46
4 5s 4 7 46 4
4 5s 4 6 46 4
5s 7 42
5s 6 50
5s
5
Case 2:
7 2b
2
7 2b
(2) 2
c 7.5
8 6 4 2
0 7 2 2b 0 3 as 7 2 2b 3 and 7 2 2b 3.
16
x
0
y
0
3
3
xy0
000
00
1 (3) 0
2 0
220
40
3 (3) 0
00
True or False
true
false
true
true
of the solution set.
Extra Practice
694

x
0
y
0
1
1
2
2x y 8
2(0) 0 8
08
2(1) (1) 8
3 8
2(3) (2) 8
48
2(8) 0 8
16 8

x 6 4
0 6 4 true
shaded.
True or False
true
true
true
x4
false
x
0
2
3
2
y
0
0
4
1
y
0
0
4
1
x
7 0
7 2
7 3
7 2
True or False
false
false
true
false

x y 6 2
0 0 6 2
0 6 2 false
be shaded.

set.
x
0
y
0
4
5
3x 2y 1
3(0) 2(0) 6
0 6
3(3) 2(2) 6
5 6
3(4) 2(5) 6
2 6
3(0) 2(6) 6
12 6
True or False
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
true
x
false
x y 2
true
true

draw a solid line.
x y 4
0 0 4
0 4 true
shaded.
of the solution set.
5. Since the boundary line is included in the
solution, draw a solid line.
y 2
0 2 false
be shaded.
y
x y 4
The ordered pairs {(0, 0), (1, 1), (3, 2)} are
part of the solution set.
y 2
695
Extra Practice

x 6 y
1 6 3 true
shaded.

y 7 4x 1
0 7 4(0) 1
0 7 1 true
shaded.
y
y 4x 1
xy

draw a solid line.
3x y 4
3(0) 0 4
0 4 true
shaded.

3x y 7 1
3(0) 0 7 1
0 7 1 false
be shaded.
y
3x y 4
3x y 1

5x y 6 5
5(0) 0 6 5
0 6 5 true
shaded.

draw a solid line.
3y 2x 2
3(0) 2(0) 2
0 2 true
shaded.
y
O
5x y 5
O
3y 2x 2
Extra Practice
696

draw a solid line.
3x 8y 4
3(0) 8(0) 4
0 4 true
shaded.

draw a solid line.
2x 6y 12
2(0) 6(0) 12
0 12 false
be shaded.
y
2x 6y 12
3x 8y 4

draw a solid line.
5x 2y 6
5(0) 2(0) 6
0 6 false
be shaded.

draw a solid line.
x 3y 9
(0) 3(0) 9
0 9 true
shaded.
y
O
x 3y 9
O
5x 2y 6

y 7 3x 7
0 7 3(0) 7
0 7 7 false
be shaded.
Page 835
Lesson 7-1
1. The graphs appear to intersect at (3, 9). Check in

each equation.
y 3x
4x 2y 30
Check:
?
?
4(3) 2(9) 30
9 3(3)
?
99
12 18 30
30 30
y 3x 7
4 x 2 y 30
12
y 3x
(3, 9)
4
O
x
O
12
697
Extra Practice
2. The graphs appear to intersect at (2, 1). Check

in each equation.
x 2y
xy1
Check:
?
?
2(1)
2

(1) 1
2
22
11
y
x 2 y
5. The graphs of the equations are parallel lines.

y
x y 6
x y 1
x
O
(2, 1)
O
3x 3y 3

in each equation.
Check:
y 3x
4x y 2
?
?
4(2) (6) 2
6 3(2)
?
6 6
862
22

each equation.
yx4
3x 2y 18
Check:
?
?
624
3(2) 2(6) 18
?
66
6 12 18
18 18
y
4x y 2
y
(2, 6)
y 3 x
3 x 2 y 18
y x4

each equation.
2x y 8
xy4
Check:
?
?
404
2(4) 0 8
88
44
(2, 6)

each equation.
Check:
xy6
xy2
?
?
422
426
66
22
y
2x y 8
y
(4, 0)
xy 6
x y 4
(4, 2)
x y 2
Extra Practice
698

in each equation.
1
x
5
Check:
1
(3)
5
12
5
? 12
(3) 5
? 12
3
5 3 5
12
12
5
5
y

each equation.
3x 5y 6
?
2
3(3) 5(3) 6
?
1
(2)
2
?
9 15 6
264
22
(2, 2)
1
2
x y 3
x
(3, 3) 1 x y 12
5
2 3(2) 4
y
O
y 3x 4
213
33
9 (15) 6
66
3x 5y 6
x 2y 3
Check:
y 3x 4

12. The graphs of the equations coincide. Since every

in each equation.
x 2y 0
y 3 x
Check:
?
?
3 3 (6)
6 2(3) 0
?
66
6 6 0
00
y
2
1
x y 2
3
2
4 x 3 y 12
y
x
(6, 3)
x 2y 0
x

in each equation.
y 3 x
yx4
Check:
1 3 4
? 5
2
? 5
2
5
2
3 2 (1)
1
1 1

in each equation.
x 2y 9
xy6
Check:
?
?
1(5) 6
1 2(5) 9
?
?
156
1 (10) 9
9 9
66
x 2y 2
32
5
2
(3, 1)
y x4
y
1
2
x y
x 2 y 9
5
2

x y 6
(1, 5)
699
Extra Practice
2. Since y 7 x, substitute 7 x for y in the

second equation.
2x y 8
2x (7 x) 8
2x 7 x 8
3x 7 8
3x 7 7 8 7
3x 15
14. The graphs of the equations coincide. Since every

y
2x y 3
4x 2y 6
3x
3

in each equation.
Check:
1
2
x 3 y 3
12x y 21
2
?
1
(2)
2
12(2) (3) 21

?
24 3 21
21 21
3 (3) 3
?
1 (2) 3
3 3
y
12 x y 21
6y
6
y
1
2
x y 3
2
3
(2, 3)
15
3
x5
Use y 7 x to find the value of y.
y7x
y75
y2
3. Since x 5 y, substitute 5 y for x in the
second equation.
3y 3x 1
3y 3(5 y) 1
3y 15 3y 1
3y 16 3y
3y 3y 16 3y 3y
6y 16
16
6
8
3
Use x 5 y to find the value of x.

x5y
8
x53
7
x3
The solution is
Page 835
4. Since y 2 x, substitute y 2 for x in the first

equation.
3x y 6
3(y 2) y 6
3y 6 y 6
4y 6 6
4y 6 6 6 6
4y 0
Lesson 7-2
1. Since y x, substitute x for y in the second

equation.
5x 12y
5x 12(x)
5x 12x
5x 5x 12x 5x
0 7x
0
7
4y
4
7x
7
4
y0
Use y 2 x to find the value of x.
y2x
02x
2x
0x
Use y x to find the value of y.
yx
y0
Extra Practice
173, 83 2.
700

of x is 1.
x 2y 10
x 2y 2y 10 2y
x 10 2y
second equation.
x y 2
(10 2y) y 2
10 2y y 2
10 3y 2
10 3y 10 2 10
3y 12

of x is 1.
x 3y 3
x 3y 3y 3 3y
x 3 3y
second equation.
2x 9y 11
2(3 3y) 9y 11
6 6y 9y 11
6 15y 11
6 15y 6 11 6
15y 5
15y
15
3y
3
15
x3
1
3
113 2 3
x13
x1131
x4
1 12
x 3y 4
x 3y 3y 4 3y
x 4 3y
Substitute 4 3y for x in the first equation.
3x 18 2y
3(4 3y) 18 2y
12 9y 18 2y
12 9y 9y 18 2y 9y
12 18 11y
12 18 18 11y 18
30 11y
30
11
30
11
6
3
y
Now substitute
the value of x.
x 3y 4
x3
11y
11
30
11
13011 2 4
90
90
90
x 11 11 4 11
x
46
11
The solution is
46 30
11, 11
3x
3
2 x
the value of y.
2y 12 x
2y 12 (2)
2y 12 2
2y 14
x 11 4
90
12
3
y4
the value of x.
x 2y 10
x 2(4) 10
x 8 10
x 8 8 10 8
x2
of y is 1.
2x 3 y
2x y 3 y y
2x y 3
2x y 2x 3 2x
y 3 2x
Since y 3 2x, substitute 3 2x for y in the
second equation.
2y 12 x
2(3 2x) 12 x
6 4x 12 x
6 4x 4x 12 x 4x
6 12 3x
6 12 12 3x 12
6 3x
y3
Now substitute
the value of x.
x 3y 3
2y
2
14
2
y7
2.
701
Extra Practice
x 6y 1
x 6(1) 1
x (6) 1
x61
x6616
x7
9. Since y 3x, substitute 3x for y in the first

equation.
6y x 36
6(3x) x 36
18x x 36
19x 36
19x
19
36
19
36
x 19
y 3x
y 3
y
13619 2
108
19
The solution is
3
x
2
3
x
2
3
(10
4
15
2
.
13619, 108
19 2
15
2
1
15
2
13
2

11213 21132 2
2x
2
y 6
the value of x.
x y 10
x (6) 10
x 6 10
x 6 6 10 6
x4
of x is 1.
x 6y 1
x 6y 6y 1 6y
x 1 6y
second equation.
3x 10y 31
3(1 6y) 10y 31
3 18y 10y 31
3 28y 31
3 28y 3 31 3
28y 28
28y
28
5 3y
2
5
3

y
2
2
x
5
Since x 2 2y, substitute

second equation.
4x 9y 9
4
5
2
2y for x in the
152 32y2 9y 9
10 6y 9y 9
10 15y 9
10 15y 10 9 10
15y 1
15y
15
1
15
1
y 15
1
15
Now substitute
the value of x.
2x 3y 5
2x 3
1151 2 5
1
2x 5 5
1
2x 5 5 5 5
24
5
1
1 24
2x 2 5
2
12
x 5
12 1
solution is 5 , 15
12
28
28
y 1
the value of x.
Extra Practice
3x 3x 6 12
6 12
there is no solution to the system of equations.
13. Since no coefficient of x or y is 1 or 1, solve for
either variable in either equation. For example,
solve for x in the first equation.
2x 3y 5
2x 3y 3y 5 3y
2x 5 3y
4y 3y 1
1 2
13
1
y
3x 2 2x 3 12
y) 3y 1
3y3
3 y, substitute 2x 3 for y in the

first equation.
3x 2y 12
15
13
12y
2
13
15
y 2
12
13
y
12
12 13
y
13 12
3y
3
x3
2
3
x3
2
3
Since 2x
3y 1
yy3y
3
x
2
10. Solve the second equation for x since the coefficient

of x is 1.
x y 10
x y y 10 y
x 10 y
Since x 10 y, substitute 10 y for x in the
first equation.
3
x
4
y3
The
702
2x
12
2.

2x y 32
() 2x y 60
4x
92

second equation.
3x 24y 12
3(4 8y) 24y 12
12 24y 24y 12
12 12
there are infinitely many solutions to the system
of equations.
15. Since no coefficient of x or y is 1 or 1, solve for
either variable in either equation. For example,
solve for x in the first equation.
3x 2y 3
3x 2y 2y 3 2y
3x 2y 3
3x
3
x
4x
4
Since x
1, substitute 3y 1 for x in the
second equation.
25x 10y 215
12
25 3 y 1 10y 215
50
y
3
2x
2
11
2
11
x 2
11
substitute 2
25 10y 215
80
y
3
80
y
3
25 215
25 25 215 25
80
y
3
3 80
y
80 3
1 2
1803 2240
y
y9
the value of x.
3x 2y 3
3x 2(9) 3
3x 18 3
3x 18 18 3 18
3x 15
3x
3
y
5
The solution is
11
2
1112, 12 2.
4. Since the coefficients of the t terms, 2 and 2, are

additive inverses, you can eliminate the t terms
s 2t 6
() 3s 2t 2
4s
8
15
3
4s
4
4
s2
the value of t.
s 2t 6
2 2t 6
2 2t 2 6 2
2t 4

xy7
() x y 9
2x
16

5
1
Lesson 7-3
2x
2
11
2
11
2
11
2
y 2
x5
Page 836
Now
the value of y.
yx5
240

92
4
x 23
the value of y.
2x y 60
2(23) y 60
46 y 60
46 y 46 60 46
y 14
y x 6
() y x 5
2x 11
2y 3
3
2
y1
3
2
y
3
2t
2
16
2
2
t2
x8
the value of y.
xy7
8y7
8y878
y 1
703
Extra Practice

xy 8
() 2x y 6
3x
14
5. Since neither the coefficients of the x terms nor

the coefficients of the y terms are the same or
additive inverses, you cannot use elimination by
addition or subtraction to solve this system. Use
substitution.
Since x y 7, substitute y 7 for x in the
second equation.
2x 5y 2
2(y 7) 5y 2
2y 14 5y 2
3y 14 2
3y 14 14 2 14
3y 12
3y
3
3x
3
14
3
14
x 3
14
substitute 3
Now
the value of y.
xy8
14
3
12
3
14
3
y 4
Use x y 7 to find the value of x.
xy7
x 4 7
x 11
3x 5y 16
() 3x 2y 2
7y 14
7y
7
14
3
8
14
3
10
3
1143, 103 2.
9. Rewrite the second equation so the system is in

column form.
s 7 3t
s 3t 7 3t 3t
s 3t 7
Since the coefficients of the t terms, 3 and 3, are
additive inverses, you can eliminate the t terms
2s 3t 4
() s 3t 7
3s
3
14
7
3s
3
3
s1
the value of t.
s 7 3t
1 7 3t
1 7 7 3t 7
6 3t
6
3
6
3
3t
3
2t
column form.
6x 42 16y
6x 42 42 16y 42
6x 16y 42
6x 16y 16y 42 16y
6x 16y 42
Since the coefficients of the x terms, 6 and 6,
are additive inverses, you can eliminate the x
6x 16y 8
() 6x 16y 42
0 34
there is no solution to the system of equations.
2
x3
the value of y.
xy3
3y3
3y333
y 0
(1)(y) (1)0
y0
Extra Practice
y
The solution is
x 2
xy3
() x y 3
2x
6
2x
2
y8
y
y 2
the value of x.
3x 5y 16
3x 5(2) 16
3x (10) 16
3x 10 16
3x 10 10 16 10
3x 6
3x
3
704

xy0
() x y 7
2x
7

column form.
3x 0.4y 4
3x 0.4y 0.4y 4 0.4y
3x 0.4y 4
Since the coefficients of the x terms, 3 and 3, are
3x 0.2y 7
() 3x 0.4y 4
0.6y 3
0.6y
0.6
2x
2
x 3.5
Now substitute 3.5 for x in either equation to find
the value of y.
xy
3.5 y
1
1
additive inverses, you can eliminate the y terms
0.6
y5
the value of x.
3x 0.2y 7
3x 0.2(5) 7
3x 1 7
3x 1 1 7 1
3x 6
3x
3
4x 3y 8
()
x
14
9
14
x 9
14
substitute 9 for
234
7
39
10.5
26
7
56
9
26
3y 8
56
9
1
3y
1
3y
8

56
9
16
9
2 (3)169
16
y 3
1149, 163 2.

are the same, you can eliminate the y terms by
2x y 3
234
7
52
2y 7
112 22y 112 21527 2
()
2
x
3
4
x
3
y 1
12
26
y 7
The solution is
56
9
1
y
3
The solution is
2y 26
234
7
1149 2 13y 8
(3)
1267 2 2y 26
2y
x in either equation to find
4x 3y 8
Now substitute for x in either equation to find

the value of y.
9x 2y 26
234
7
Now
the value of y.
26
7
14
9x
9
x2
9x 2y 26
() 1.5x 2y 13
10.5x
39

5x 3y 6
9x
3
10.5x
10.5
2
1267, 267 2.
3 4
x
4 3

1 24
3
4
x3
the value of y.
2x y 3
2(3) y 3
6y3
6y636
y 3
(1)(y) (1) (3)
y3
13. Rewrite the first equation so the system is in

column form.
xy
xyyy
xy0
705
Extra Practice
Page 836
Lesson 7-4


3x 2y 10
2x y 5
Multiply by 2.
3x 2y 10
() 4x 2y 10
7x

7x
7
1
x
3
y 1
1
x
5
5 y 1
Multiply by 5 .
( )
0
0
7
1
x
3
y 1
1
(9)
3
y 1
39
13
3x 5y 8
Multiply by 4.
4x 7y 10
Multiply by 3.
12x 21y
y2
16
37y 74
x 0.5y
74
37
y 2
x 0.5y
Multiply by 0.5.
()
0.2x 0.5y 1
1.2x
1.2x
1.2
0
0
1.2
x0

the value of y.
0.4x y 2
0.4(0) y 2
y 2
10
5
x2
Extra Practice
18
3
0.4x y 2

the value of x.
5x 3y 4
5x 3(2) 4
5x 6 4
5x 6 6 4 6
5x 10
5x
5
x6
6. Multiply the second equation by 0.5 so the
20x 25y 90

37y
37
30

the value of x.
3x 5y 8
3x 5(2) 8
3x 10 8
3x 10 10 8 10
3x 18
3x
3
20x 12y
1 32
(1) (y) (1) (2)
x 1
3. Eliminate x.
()
y 2
2
2
Multiply by 5.
5
12x 20y 32

()
y3
Multiply by 4.
1
x
15
3 y 1
3 y 3 1 3
y 2
(1)(y) (1)2
y 2
5. Eliminate x.

the value of x.
2x 5y 13
2x 5(3) 13
2x 15 13
2x 15 15 13 15
2x 2
4x 5y 18
x 9
13y 39
5x 3y 4
5 y 1

the value of y.
4x 10y 26
4x 3y 13
() 4x 3y 13
1
x
5

the value of y.
2x y 5
2(0) y 5
y 5
(1)(y) (1)(5)
y5
2x
2
2
5
(15) 15 x (15) 5
x0
13y
13
15 x 5 y
706

4x 2y 7
y 5 2
34y 5
y52
y
5
34
Now substitute
the value of x.
x 8y 3
1 32
4x 32y 12

( ) 4x 2y
34y
34
x8

the value of y.
yx2
3
5
34
5
34
y5
3 7

1345 2 3
2x 8y 60
2x y 6
() 2x y 6
20
x 17 3
20
y5525
20
20
9y 66
x 17 17 3 17
x
9y
9
31
17
13117, 345 2.
The solution is
y
9x
9
x
x4
44
9
4
8
y 9
1223 2 30
x
11
9
11
9
x
88
3
88
3
88
3
30
30
2
x3
The solution is
44
9
The solution is
1 82
Now substitute
the value of y.
4x 4y 5
1119, 89 2.
Multiply by 3.
10
x2

3y 8x 9
yx2
123, 223 2.
10x
10
(1)(y) (1) 9
y9
88
3

equations.
6x 4y 0
4x 4y 5
() 4x 4y 5
10x
5
y4
y
22
3
22
1119 2 y 4
44
9
44
9
11
9
66
9

the value of x.
x 4y 30

equations.
8x 2y 8
x 2y 3
() x 2y 3
9x
11
Now substitute
the value of y.
4x y 4
()
5x
5
112 2 4y 5
2 4y 5
2 4y 2 5 2
4y 3
3y 8x 9
3y 3x 6
5x
1
2
4y
4
4
3
5
y4
x 5
The solution is
707
112, 34 2.
Extra Practice
15. Eliminate y.

9x 3y 5
9x 3y 5
xy1
Multiply by 3. () 3x 3y 3
12x
8
12x
12
6x 3y 9
8x 2y 4
2
3
2
3

the value of y.
6x 3y 9
The solution is
13. Eliminate x.
2x 7y 9
3x 4y 6
3y
3
123, 13 2.
Multiply by 3.
Multiply by 2.
()
6x 21y 27
6x 8y 12
Page 836
39
13
y 3
y 6
x 3
12
2
2x 6y 16
Multiply by 5.
5x 7y 18
Multiply by 2.

10x 30y 80

( )
10x 14y
36
44y 44
44y
44
44
44
y1

the value of x.
2x 6y 16
2x 6(1) 16
2x 6 16
2x 6 6 16 6
2x 10
y 2
y x 2
10
2
x 5
Extra Practice
Lesson 7-5
x 6
14. Eliminate x.
112, 42.

intersection of the graphs of x 3 and y 6. The
region is shaded. The graphs of x 3 and y 6
are boundaries of this region. The graphs of both
boundaries are dashed and are not included in
the solution.

the value of x.
2x 7y 9
2x 7(3) 9
2x (21) 9
2x 21 9
2x 21 21 9 21
2x 12
2x
2
12
3
y4
13y
13
The solution is
13y 39
2x
2
112 2 3y 9
3 3y 9
3 3y 3 9 3
3y 12
y313
1
6
12
1
y1
y3
6
x2
12
12x 6y 18
24x 6y 12
12x
12
2
3
()
12x
x3
Now substitute
the value of y.
xy1
Multiply by 2.
Multiply by 3.
708

y x 3 and y x 2 are boundaries of this

intersection of the graphs of x 2 and y 3 5.
The region is shaded. The graphs of x 2 and
y 3 5, or y 2, are boundaries of this region.
The graphs of both boundaries are solid and are
y
y
y 2
yx 3
yx 2
x 2
x
O

intersection of the graphs of x 3y 4 and
2x y 5. The region is shaded. The graphs of
x 3y 4 and 2x y 5 are boundaries of this
region. The graph of x 3y 4 is solid and is
included in the graph of x 3y 4. The graph of
2x y 5 is dashed and is not included in the
graph of 2x y 5.

intersection of the graphs of x y 1 and
x y 1 and 2x y 2 are boundaries of this
y
2x y 2
x y 1
x 3y 4
2x y 5

intersection of the graphs of y 2x 2 and
y 2x 2 and y x 1 are boundaries of this
y x 1

y 2x 10. The region is shaded. The graphs of
y x 1 and y 2x 10 are boundaries of this
region. The graph of y x 1 is dashed and is
not included in the graph of y x 1. The graph
of y 2x 10 is solid and is included in the
graph of y 2x 10.
y 2x 2
O
y 2 x 10
y x1
709
Extra Practice

intersection of the graphs of 4x 10y 5 and
2x 5y 1. The region is shaded. The graph
of 2x 5y 1 is a boundary of this region.
The graph of this boundary is dashed and is not
included in the solution. (Note: The graph of
4x 10y 5 is not included in the solution
since it is not a boundary of the shaded region.)

2x 3y 6. The region is shaded. The graphs of
5x 2y 15 and 2x 3y 6 are boundaries of
dashed and are not included in the solution.
y
x
O
2x 3y 6
y
4x 10y 5
5 x 2 y 15
O
2x 5y 1

4x 3y 4 and 2x y 0 are boundaries of this

intersection of the graphs of y x 0, y 3,
and x 0. The region is shaded. The graphs of
y x 0, y 3 and x 0 are boundaries of this
region. The graphs of these boundaries are solid
y
y3
4x 3y 4
O
2x y 0
x0
yx0

4x 5y 20 and y x 1 are boundaries of this

intersection of the graphs of y 2x, x 3, and
y 4. The region is shaded. The graphs of y 2x,
x 3, and y 4 are boundaries of this region.
The graphs of these boundaries are dashed and
are not included in the solution.
yx1
y 4
x 3
x
4x 5y 20
Extra Practice
710
y 2x

intersection of the graphs of y x, x y 4 and
y 3. The region is shaded. The graphs of
y x, x y 4, and y 3 are boundaries of
this region. The graph of x y 4 is dashed and
is not included in the graph of x y 4. The
graphs of y x and y 3 are solid and are
included in the graphs of y x and y 3,
respectively.
y
15.
4 w6 w8
1
4w68
1
4w14
16. [ (23 ) 3 ] 2 [ (8) 3 ] 2
(8) 6
262,144
yx
17.
xy4
x
Lesson 8-1
1. No; it shows subtraction, not multiplication of

variables and numbers.
2. Yes; it is a real number and therefore a monomial.
3. Yes; it is a product of a number and two variables.
4. No; it shows subtraction, not multiplication of
variables and numbers.
5. a5 (a)(a7 ) a517
a13
3
4
4
4
6. (r t ) (r t ) (r3 r4 )(t4 t4 )
(r34 )(t44 )
r7t8
3
4
3
7. (x y )(xy ) (x3 x)(y4 y3 )
(x31 )(y43 )
x4y7
8. (bc3 )(b4c3 ) (b b4 )(c3 c3 )
(b14 )(c33 )
b5c6
2
9. (3mn )(5m3n2 ) (3 5)(m m3 )(n2 n2 )
15(m13 ) (n22 )
15m4n4
3
2
2
6
2
10. [ (3 ) ] [3 ]
312 or 531,441
3
2
11. (3s t )(4s3t2 ) 3(4) (s3 s3 )(t2 t2 )
12(s33 )(t22 )
12s6t4
12. x3 (x4y3 ) (x3 x4 )y3
(x34 )y3
x7y3
2
4
13. (1.1g h ) 3 (1.1) 3 (g2 ) 3 (h4 ) 3
1.331g6h12
14.
3
4a(a2b3c4 )

123y32 (3y2)3 123y32 (3)3(y2)3

2
1 3y3 2 (27) (y6 )
2
1 3 27 2 (y3 y6 )
18(y36 )
18y9
3
18. (10s t)(2s2t2 ) 3 (10s3t) (2) 3 (s2 ) 3 (t2 ) 3
(10s3t) (8) (s6 ) (t6 )
10(8) (s3 s6 ) (t t6 )
80(s36 ) (t16 )
80s9t7
3
4
3
19. (0.2u w ) (0.2) 3 (u3 ) 3 (w4 ) 3
0.008u9w12
y 3
Page 837
112w322(w4)2 112 22(w3)2(w4)2
Page 837
10
Lesson 8-2
107
1.
6
67
2.
b c
b3c2
6
63 or 216
6 5
1bb 21cc 2
6
63
(b
) (c52 )
3 3
b c
8
3.
(a) 4b
a4b7
4 8
a b
a4b7
1aa 21bb 2
4
44
(a
) (b87 )
0 1
a b
1b or b
4.
(x) 3y
x3y6
1xx 21yy 2
3
(x33 ) (y36 )
(x0 ) (y3 )
(1)

5
5.
12ab
4a4b3
1
y3
1y1 2
3
1124 21aa 21bb 2

5
3(a14 ) (b53 )

3a3b2
1 21 2
3 1 b2
a3 1
1

5
3
4 (a a2 )b3c4
3
4 (a12 )b3c4
3
4a3b3c4
6.
24x
8x2
3b2
a3
24 x
18
21x 2
5
2
3(x52)

3x3
711
Extra Practice
7.
9b2k4
18h5j3k4
h
1 k
19
18 21 h 21 j 21 k 2
1
1
2 (h25 ) 1 j 2 (k44 )
1
1
2 (h3 ) 1 j 2 (k0 )
1 1 1
2 1 h 21 j 2 (1)
2
15.
1ab 23 (a(b ))

3
3 3
2 3
1a1 21b1 2
1 b
1 a 21 1 2
8.
(2a b ) 2
(3a3b) 2
2 4
2a b 2
3a3b
9.
9a b c
2a5b4c5
a9
16.
(2) 2 (a ) 2 (b ) 2
(3) 2 (a3 ) 2 (b) 2
4a4b8
9a6b2

4b
9a2
10.
17.
(r)s
r3s4
18.
4 0
28a b
14a3b1

2 3
19.
x
y
z
115
10 21 x 21 y 21 z 2
5
4
4
(j k m)
(jk4 ) 1
2 (x1(4) )(y56 )(z7(4) )

3
2x5y11z11
3
1 21y1 21z1 2
5
11
3 x
1
2
4
11. 3
12.
156 2
2
1
34
or
11
3x z
2y11
21.
1
81
151 2161 2
1 6
1 5 21 1 2
2
2
22.
5b0a7
(u v )
(u3v) 3
j k m
j1k4
12
1
4
8 12
1 jj 21kk 21m1 2
4
1
3
2
3
122aab b 21 (2(2aab b) )

3 2
3 2
(u ) (v )
(u3 ) 3 (v) 3
v
1uu 21vv 2
9
3
1
2
2 (a ) 1 (b ) 1
(21 ) 1 (a5 ) 1 (b3 ) 1
21a3b2
2a5b3
6 6
1 5 3 1
3
122 21aa 21bb 2

1
3
3
(211 ) (a35 ) (b2(3) )

22a8b5
3 2
6
3 2 1
1 5 3
121 21a1 21b1 2

5
b5
4a8
23.
(u6(9) )(v6(3) )

u3v9
Extra Practice
2 3
u9v3
18x a
18 x
a
1 6 21 x 21 a 2
16x
a 2

(a2 ) (1)
2b
a7
0 3
(a5(7) )(b0 )
121 21a1 21b1 2
14.
1
(j ) 4 (k ) 4 (m) 4
(j) 1 (k4 ) 1
a2
3 3 2
( j8(1) )(k12(4) ) (m4 )

j9k16m4
36
25
or
4

3x2a0
3x2
52
62
52
12814 21aa 21bb 2
62
4
3(x0(2) ) (a3(3) )
13. a
y
12x
4y 2
4
20.
5 11
3
2(a43 )(b0(1) )
2a7b1
1 21 21c1 2
1rr 21ss 2
5 7
(r1(3) )(s5(4) )
r4s9
1 21 21 21 2
15xy z
10x4y6z4
9 25
(a
)(b74 )(c35 )
2
9 3 3 2
a b c
2
9b3
2a3c2
2
9 a b c
2 a5 b4 c5
9 1 b
a3 1
2
4x2y6
x
y6
121 21x1 21y1 2

1 1 1
1 2 21 x 21 y 2
1 21 2
2
2 2
2
3 2
4 1 b
9 a2 1
2
3
1 21 2
4
1y2x 22 (y(2x))

4 a b
a6 b2
4 46
(a
)(b82 )
9
4 2 6
a b
9
2 7 3
2 4
9
6
9
1
2h3j3
9
a
b6
712
15n2nmm 20 1
1
2
(3ab c) 3
(2a2bc2 ) 2
2
24.

25. (3.1
104 ) (4.2
105 ) (3.1
4.2)(104
105 )
3
(a) 3 (b2 ) 3 (c) 3

22 (a2 ) 2 (b) 2 (c2 ) 2
13.02
101
1.302
101
101
1.302
100 or 1.302
33a3b6c3
22a4b2c4
131 2121 21aa 21bb 21cc 2

1 1
1 27 21 4 2 (a34 )(b62 )(c34 )
3
3
6
3
26. (78
106 ) (0.01
105 ) (78
0.01)(106
105 )
0.78
1011
7.8
101
1011
7.8
1010 or 78,000,000,000
108a7b8c7
1
1
108
1a1 21b1 21c1 2

7
27.
108a7b8c7
Page 837
2
2.31
10
3.3
103
10
12.31
3.3 21 10 2
2
3
0.7
102(3)
0.7
101
0.7
101
101
7
100 or 7
Lesson 8-3
1. 2.6
105 260,000
2. 4
103 0.004
Page 838
3. 6.72
103 6720
4. 4.93
104 0.000493
5. 1.654
106 0.000001654
6. 7.348
107 73,480,000
7. 6500 6.5
103
8. 953.56 9.5356
102
9. 0.697 6.97
101
3.
12. 0.0000269 2.69

105
13. 0.121212 1.21212
101
14. 543
104 5.43
102
104
5.43
106
15. 739.9
105 7.399
102
105
7.399
103
2
16. 6480
10 6.48
103
102
6.48
101
7
17. 0.366
10 3.66
101
107
3.66
108
3
18. 167
10 1.67
102
103
1.67
105
7. The polynomial
10
14.8
1.6 21 10 2
3
1
10. The polynomial
3
1031
3
102 or 300
21. (4
102 ) (1.5
106 ) (4
1.5)(102
106 )
6
108 or 600,000,000
2
22.
8.1
10
2.7
103
and
7.8
105
1.3
107
has only one term, whose

a3
1
,
5
x2
3
10
18.1
2.7 21 10 2
2 5 has three terms,
x2
,
3
2,
whose degrees are 2, 1, and 0, respectively.
Thus, the degree of
x2
3
2 5 is 2, the greatest of
2, 1, and 0.
12. The polynomial a2b3 a3b2 has two terms, a2b3
and a3b2, whose degrees are both 5. Thus, the
degree of a2b3 a3b2 is 5.
13. 2x2 3x 4x3 x5
2x2 3x1 4x3 x5
3x 2x2 4x3 x5
3
3
102(3)
3
105 or 300,000
23.
a3
4

9. The polynomial 4h5 has only one term, whose
degree is 5. Thus, the degree of 4h5 is 5.
19. (2
105 ) (3
108 ) (2
3) (105
108 )
6
103 or 0.006
3
k2y
The term k is not a monomial. No, the expression

is not a polynomial.
4. 3a2x 5a 3a2x (5a)
This expression is the sum of two monomials.
Yes, it is a polynomial; it is a binomial.
5. The polynomial a 5c has two terms, a and 5c,
whose degrees are both 1. Thus, the degree of
a 5c is 1.
6. The polynomial 14abcd 6d3 has two terms,
14abcd and 6d3, whose degrees are 4 and 3,
respectively. Thus, the degree of 14abcd 6d3 is
11. 568,000 5.68

105
4.8
10
1.6
101
5
k
10. 843.5 8.435

102
20.
Lesson 8-4
1. 5x2y 3xy 7 5x2y 3xy (7)

2. 0
polynomial.
10
17.8
1.3 21 10 2
5
7
6
105(7)
6
102 or 600
24. (2.2
102 ) (3.2
105 ) (2.2
3.2) (102
105 )
7.04
103 or 7040
713
Extra Practice
14. x3 x2 x 1
x3 x2 x1 1x0
1 x x2 x3
15. 2a 3ax2 4ax
2ax0 3ax2 4ax1
2a 4ax 3ax2
16. 5bx3 2bx 4x2 b3
5bx3 2bx1 4x2 b3x0
b3 2bx 4x2 5bx3
8
17. x 2x2 x6 1
x8 2x2 x6 1x0
1 2x2 x6 x8
18. cdx2 c2d2x d3
cdx2 c2d2x1 d3x0
d3 c2d2x cdx2
19. 5x2 3x3 7 2x
5x2 3x3 7x0 2x1
3x3 5x2 2x 7
20. 6x x5 4x3 20
6x1 x5 4x3 20x0
x5 4x3 6x 20
7. (4a2 10b2 7c2 ) (5a2 2c2 2b)

(4a2 5a2 ) (10b2 ) (7c2 2c2 ) 2b
a2 10b2 9c2 2b
2 6z 8) (4z2 7z 5)
8. (z
(z2 6z 8) (4z2 7z 5)
(z2 4z2 ) (6z 7z) (8 5)
3z2 13z 3
9. (4d 3e 8f ) (3d 10e 5f 6)
(4d 3e 8f ) (3d 10e 5f 6)
(4d 3d) (3e 10e) (8f 5f ) 6
7d 7e 3f 6
10. (7g 8h 9) (g 3h 6k)
(7g g) (8h 3h) 9 6k
6g 5h 9 6k
11. (9x2 11xy 3y2 ) (x2 16xy 12y2 )
(9x2 11xy 3y2 ) (x2 16xy 12y2 )
(9x2 x2 ) (11xy 16xy) (3y2 12y2 )
8x2 5xy 15y2
12. (3m 9mn 5n) (14m 5mn 2n)

(3m 14m) (9mn 5mn) (5n 2n)
11m 4mn 7n
13. (4x2 8y2 3z2 ) (7x2 14z2 12)
(4x2 8y2 3z2 ) (7x2 14z2 12)
(4x2 7x2 ) 8y2 (3z2 14z2 ) 12
3x2 8y2 11z2 12
14. (17z4 5z2 3z) (4z4 2z3 3z)
(17z4 5z2 3z) (4z4 2z3 3z)
(17z4 4z4 ) 2z3 5z2 (3z 3z)
13z4 2z3 5z2
15. (6 7y 3y2 ) (3 5y 2y2 ) (12 8y y2 )
21. 5b b3x2 3bx

2
5bx0 b3x2 3bx1

2
b3x2 3bx 5b
22. 21p2x 3px3 p4
21p2x1 3px3 p4x0
3px3 21p2x p4
23. 3ax2 6a2x3 7a3 8x
3ax2 6a2x3 7a3x0 8x1
6a2x3 3ax2 8x 7a3
1
(3y2 2y2 y2 ) (7y 5y 8y) (6 3 12)

2y2 20y 3
16.
24. 3 s2x3 4x4 5 s4x2 4 x

1
2 4 2
s x
5
1
x
4
(7c 2 16c 2 9c 2 ) (2c 9c 7c ) (5 6 3 7 )
3 s2x3 4x4 5 s4x2 4 x1

4
4x
1 2 3
s x
3
(7c 2 2c 5 ) (9c 6 ) (16c 2 3 ) (9c 2 7c 7 )

1
Page 838
Page 838
Lesson 8-5
1. (3a2 5) (4a2 1) (3a2 4a2 ) (5 1)

7a2 4
2. (5x 3) (2x 1) (5x 2x) (3 1)
3x 2
3. (6z 2) (9z 3) (6z 2) (9z 3)
(6z 9z)(2 3)
3z 1
4. (4n 7) (7n 8) (4n 7) (7n 8)
(4n 7n) (7 8)
3n 15
5. (7t2 4ts 6s2 ) (5t2 12ts 3s2 )
(7t2 5t2 ) (4ts 12ts) (6s2 3s2 )
12t2 8ts 3s2
6. (6a2 7ab 4b2 ) (2a2 5ab 6b2 )
(6a2 7ab 4b2 ) (2a2 5ab 6b2 )
(6a2 2a2 ) (7ab 5ab) (4b2 6b2 )
4a2 12ab 10b2
Extra Practice
Lesson 8-6
1. 3(8x 5) 3(8x) (3) (5)

24x 15
2. 3b(5b 8) 3b(5b) 3b(8)
15b2 24b
3. 1.1a(2a 7) 1.1a(2a) 1.1a(7)
2.2a2 7.7a
1
4. 2x(8x 6) 2x(8x) 2x(6)

4x2 3x
5. 7xy(5x y2 ) 7xy(5x2 ) 7xy(y2 )
35x3y 7xy3
6. 5y(y2 3y 6) 5y(y2 ) 5y(3y) 5y(6)
5y3 15y2 30y
2
7. ab(3b2 4ab 6a2 )

ab(3b2 ) ab(4ab) ab(6a2 )
3ab3 4a2b2 6a3b
8. 4m2 (9m2n mn 5n2 )
4m2 (9m2n) 4m2 (mn) 4m2 (5n2 )
36m4n 4m3n 20m2n2
714
11(n 3) 5 2n 44
11(n) 11(3) 5 2n 44
11n 33 5 2n 44
11n 28 2n 44
9n 28 44
9n 72
n8
24.
a(a 6) 2a 3 a(a 2)
a(a) a(6) 2a 3 a(a) a(2)
a2 6a 2a 3 a2 2a
a2 4a 3 a2 2a
4a 3 2a
2a 3
9. 4st2 (4s2t3 7s5 3st3 )

4st2 (4s2t3 ) 4st2 (7s5 ) 4st2 (3st3 )
16s3t5 28s6t2 12s2t5
1
23.
10. 3x(9x2 x 5) 3x(9x2 ) 3x(x) 3x(5)

1
3x3 3x2 3x
11. 2mn(8m2 3mn n2 )
2mn(8m2 ) 2mn(3mn) 2mn(n2 )
16m3n 6m2n2 2mn3
3
11
12. 4ab2 3b2 9b 1

1 2
3
1
3
4
4 ab2 3b2 4 ab2 9b
1
1
3
4ab4 3ab3 4ab2
2 34 ab2(1)
a 2 or 1.5
13. 3a(2a 12) 5a 3a(2a) 3a(12) 5a

6a2 36a 5a
6a2 41a
14. 6(12b2 2b) 7(2 3b)
6(12b2 ) 6(2b) 7(2) 7(3b)
72b2 12b 14 21b
72b2 33b 14
15. x(x 6) x(x 2) 2x
x(x) x(6) x(x) x(2) 2x
x2 6x x2 2x 2x
2x2 6x
16. 11(n 3) 2(n2 22n)
11(n) 11(3) 2(n2 ) 2(22n)
11n 33 2n2 44n
2n2 55n 33
17. 2x(x 3) 3(x 3)
2x(x) 2x(3) 3(x) 3(3)
2x2 6x 3x 9
2x2 3x 9
18. 4m(n 1) 5n(n 1)
4m(n) 4m(1) 5n(n) 5n(1)
4mn 4m 5n2 5n
19. 7xy x(7y 3) 7xy x(7y) x(3)
7xy 7xy 3x
3x
20. 5(c 3a) c(2c 1)
5(c) 5(3a) c(2c) c(1)
5c 15a 2c2 c
2c2 6c 15a
21. 9n(1 n) 4(n2 n)
9n(1) 9n(n) 4(n2 ) 4(n)
9n 9n2 4n2 4n
5n 13n2
22.
6(11 2x) 7(2 2x)
6(11) 6(2x) 7(2) 7(2x)
66 12x 14 14x
66 26x 14
26x 52
x2
25.
q(2q 3) 20 2q(q 3)
q(2q) q(3) 20 2q(q) 2q(3)
2q2 3q 20 2q2 6q
3q 20 6q
9q 20 0
9q 20
20
q 9
w(w 12) w(w 14) 12

w(w) w(12) w(w) w(14) 12
w2 12w w2 14w 12
12w 14w 12
2w 12
w 6
x(x 3) 4x 3 8x x(3 x)
27.
x(x) x(3) 4x 3 8x x(3) x(x)
x2 3x 4x 3 8x 3x x2
x2 x 3 11x x2
x 3 11x
10x 3 0
10x 3
26.
x 10
28.
3(x 5) x(x 1) x(x 2) 3

3(x) 3(5) x(x) x(1) x(x) x(2) 3
3x 15 x2 x x2 2x 3
4x 15 x2 x2 2x 3
4x 15 2x 3
6x 15 3
6x 12
x 2
29.
n(n 5) n(n 2) 2n(n 1) 1.5

n(n) n(5) n(n) n(2) 2n(n) 2n(1) 1.5
n2 5n n2 2n 2n2 2n 1.5
2n2 3n 2n2 2n 1.5
3n 2n 1.5
n 1.5
n 1.5
Page 839
Lesson 8-7
1. (d 2)(d 5) d(d) d(5) 2(d) 2(5)

d2 5d 2d 10
d2 7d 10
2. (z 7)(z 4) z(z) z(4) 7(z) 7(4)
z2 4z 7z 28
z2 3z 28
715
Extra Practice
3. (m 8) (m 5) m(m) m(5) 8(m) 8(5)

m2 5m 8m 40
m2 13m 40
4. (a 2) (a 19) a(a) a(19) 2(a) 2(19)
a2 19a 2a 38
a2 17a 38
5. (c 15) (c 3) c(c) c(3) 15(c) 15(3)
c2 3c 15c 45
c2 12c 45
6. (x y)(x 2y) x(x) x(2y) y(x) y(2y)
x2 2xy xy 2y2
x2 xy 2y2
7. (2x 5)(x 6) 2x(x) 2x(6) 5(x) 5(6)
2x2 12x 5x 30
2x2 7x 30
8. (7a 4) (2a 5) 7a(2a) 7a(5) 4(2a) 4(5)
19. (x 2)(x2 2x 4)
x(x2 2x 4) 2(x2 2x 4)
x3 2x2 4x 2x2 4x 8
x3 8
20. (3x 5)(2x2 5x 11)
3x(2x2 5x 11) 5(2x2 5x 11)
6x3 15x2 33x 10x2 25x 55
6x3 5x2 8x 55
21. (4s 5)(3s2 8s 9)
4s(3s2 8s 9) 5(3s2 8s 9)
12s3 32s2 36s 15s2 40s 45
12s3 47s2 4s 45
22. (3a 5)(8a2 2a 3)
3a(8a2 2a 3) 5(8a2 2a 3)
24a3 6a2 9a 40a2 10a 15
24a3 34a2 19a 15
23. (a b)(a2 ab b2 )
a(a2 ab b2 ) b(a2 ab b2 )
a3 a2b ab2 a2b ab2 b3
a3 b3
24. (c d)(c2 cd d2 )
c(c2 cd d2 ) d(c2 cd d2 )
c3 c2d cd2 c2d cd2 d3
c3 d 3
14a2 35a 8a 20
14a2 43a 20
9. (4x y)(2x 3y)

4x(2x) 4x(3y) y(2x) y(3y)
8x2 12xy 2xy 3y2
8x2 10xy 3y2
10. (7v 3)(v 4) 7v(v) 7v(4) 3(v) 3(4)
7v2 28v 3v 12
7v2 31v 12
11. (7s 8) (3s 2)
7s(3s) 7s(2) 8(3s) 8(2)
21s2 14s 24s 16
21s2 38s 16
12. (4g 3h)(2g 5h)
4g(2g) 4g(5h) 3h(2g) 3h(5h)
8g2 20gh 6gh 15h2
8g2 14gh 15h2
13. (4a 3) (2a 1)
4a(2a) 4a(1) 3(2a) 3(1)
8a2 4a 6a 3
8a2 2a 3
14. (7y 1) (2y 3)
7y(2y) 7y(3) 1(2y) 1(3)
14y2 21y 2y 3
14y2 23y 3
15. (2x 3y)(4x 2y)
2x(4x) 2x(2y) 3y(4x) 3y(2y)
8x2 4xy 12xy 6y2
8x2 16xy 6y2
16. (12r 4s)(5r 8s)
12r(5r) 12r(8s) 4s(5r) 4s(8s)
60r2 96rs 20rs 32s2
60r2 76rs 32s2
17. (a 1)(3a 2)
a(3a) a(2) 1(3a) 1(2)
3a2 2a 3a 2
3a2 a 2
18. (2n 4)(3n 2)
2n(3n) 2n(2) 4(3n) 4(2)
6n2 4n 12n 8
6n2 8n 8
Extra Practice
25. (5x 2)(5x2 2x 7)

5x(5x2 2x 7) 2(5x2 2x 7)
25x3 10x2 35x 10x2 4x 14
25x3 20x2 31x 14
26. (n 2)(2n2 n 1)
n(2n2 n 1) 2(2n2 n 1)
2n3 n2 n 4n2 2n 2
2n3 5n2 3n 2
27. (x2 7x 4)(2x2 3x 6)
x2 (2x2 3x 6) 7x(2x2 3x 6) 4(2x2 3x 6)
2x4 3x3 6x2 14x3 21x2 42x 8x2 12x 24
2x4 17x3 23x2 30x 24
28. (x2 x 1) (x2 x 1)

x2 (x2 x 1) x(x2 x 1) 1(x2 x 1)
x4 x3 x2 x3 x2 x x2 x 1
x4 x2 2x 1
29.
(a2 2a 5)(a2 3a 7)
a2 (a2 3a 7) 2a(a2 3a 7) 5(a2 3a 7)
a4 3a3 7a2 2a3 6a2 14a 5a2 15a 35
a4 a3 8a2 29a 35
30.
(5x4 2x2 1)(x2 5x 3)

5x4 (x2 5x 3) 2x2 (x2 5x 3) 1(x2 5x 3)
5x6 25x5 15x4 2x4 10x3 6x2 x2 5x 3
5x6 25x5 13x4 10x3 5x2 5x 3
Page 839
Lesson 8-8
1. (t 7) 2 t2 2(t) (7) 72
t2 14t 49
2. (w 12)(w 12) w2 122
w2 144
2
2
3. (q 4h) q 2(q) (4h) (4h) 2
q2 8hq 16h2
716
28. (x 2)(x 2) (2x 5)

(x2 22 ) (2x 5)
(x2 4) (2x 5)
x2 (2x) x2 (5) 4(2x) 4(5)
2x3 5x2 8x 20
29. (4x 1)(4x 1) (x 4)
[ (4x) 2 12 ] (x 4)
(16x2 1) (x 4)
16x2 (x) 16x2 (4) 1(x) 1(4)
16x3 64x2 x 4
30. (x 5)(x 5) (x 4) (x 4)
(x2 52 ) (x2 42 )
(x2 25)(x2 16)
x2 (x2 ) x2 (16) 25(x2 ) 25(16)
x4 16x2 25x2 400
x4 41x2 400
31. (a 1)(a 1) (a 1) (a 1)
(a 1) (a 1) (a 1) (a 1)
(a2 12 ) (a2 12 )
(a2 1) 2
(a2 ) 2 2(a2 ) (1) 12
a4 2a2 1
32. (n 1)(n 1) (n 1)
(n2 12 ) (n 1)
(n2 1) (n 1)
n2 (n) n2 (1) 1(n) 1(1)
n3 n2 n 1
33. (2c 3)(2c 3) (2c 3) (2c 3)
(2c 3) (2c 3) (2c 3) (2c 3)
[ (2c) 2 32 ] [ (2c) 2 32 ]
(4c2 9) (4c2 9)
(4c2 9) 2
(4c2 ) 2 2(4c2 ) (9) 92
16c4 72c2 81
34. (4d 5e)(4d 5e) (4d 5e) (4d 5e)
(4d 5e) (4d 5e) (4d 5e) (4d 5e)
[ (4d) 2 (5e) 2 ] [ (4d) 2 (5e) 2 ]
(16d2 25e2 ) (16d2 25e2 )
(16d2 25e2 ) 2
(16d2 ) 2 2(16d2 ) (25e2 ) (25e2 ) 2
256d2 800e2d2 625e4
4. (10x 11y)(10x 11y) (10x) 2 (11y) 2

100x2 121y2
2
2
5. (4e 3) (4e) 2(4e)(3) 32
16e2 24e 9
6. (2b 4d)(2b 4d) (2b) 2 (4d) 2
4b2 16d2
2
2
7. (a 2b) a 2(a)(2b) (2b) 2
a2 4ab 4b2
8. (3x y) 2 (3x) 2 2(3x)(y) y2
9x2 6xy y2
9. (6m 2n) 2 (6m) 2 2(6m) (2n) (2n) 2
36m2 24mn 4n2
2
10. (3m 7d) (3m) 2 2(3m) (7d) (7d) 2
9m2 42md 49d2
11. (5b 6) (5b 6) (5b) 2 62
25b2 36
12. (1 x) 2 1 2(1)(x) x2
1 2x x2
13. (5x 9y) 2 (5x) 2 2(5x)(9y) (9y) 2
25x2 90xy 81y2
14. (8a 2b)(8a 2b) (8a) 2 (2b) 2
64a2 4b2
15.
114 x 422 114 x22 2114 x2 (4) (4)2

1
16 x2 2x 16
16. (c 3d) 2 c2 2(c)(3d) (3d) 2

c2 6cd 9d2
17. (5a 12b) 2 (5a) 2 2(5a)(12b) (12b) 2
25a2 120ab 144b2
18.
112 x y22 112 x22 2112 x2 (y) y2

1
4x2 xy y2
19. (n2 1) 2 (n2 ) 2 2(n2 ) (1) (1) 2

n4 2n2 1
2
2
20. (k 3j) (k2 ) 2 2(k2 )(3j) (3j) 2
k4 6k2j 9j2
2 5) (a2 5) (a2 ) 2 (5) 2
21. (a
a4 25
3 7)(2x3 7) (2x3 ) 2 (7) 2
22. (2x
4x6 49
3
3
23. (3x 9y)(3x 9y) (3x3 ) 2 (9y) 2
9x6 81y2
2
2
24. (7a b) (7a b) (7a2 ) 2 (b) 2
49a4 b2
25.
Page 839
112x 102112x 102 112x22 (10)2

1
4x2 100
26.
Lesson 9-1

1
23
factors: 1, 23
prime
1
21
3
7
factors: 1, 3, 7, 21
composite
1
81
3
27
9
9
factors: 1, 3, 9, 27, 81
composite
113n m2113n m2 113n22 m2

1
9n2 m2
27. (a 1)(a 1)(a 1)

(a 1) [ a2 2(a)(1) 12 ]
(a 1) [a2 2a 1]
a(a2 2a 1) 1(a2 2a 1)
a3 2a2 a a2 2a 1
a3 3a2 3a 1
717
Extra Practice

prime factors.
45 3 3 5
80 2 2 2 2 5
GCF: 5
prime factors.
29 1 29

1
24
2
12
3
8
4
6
factors: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24
composite
1
18
2
9
3
6
factors: 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18
composite
1
22
2
11
factors: 1, 2, 11, 22
composite
7. 42 2 21
2 3 7
8. 267 3 89
9. 72 1 72
1 2 36
1 2 3 12
1 2 3 3 4
1 23 32
10. 164 2 82
2 2 41
22 41
11. 57 1 57
1 3 19
12. 60 1 60
1 2 30
1 2 2 15
1 22 3 5
13. 240mn 2 120 m n
2 2 60 m n
2 2 2 30 m n
2 2 2 2 15 m n
2 2 2 2 3 5 m n
14. 64a3b 1 2 32 a a a b
1 2 2 16 a a a b
1 2 2 2 8 a a a b
1 2 2 2 2 2 2 a a a b
15. 26xy2 1 2 13 x y y
16. 231xy2z 1 3 77 x y y z
1 3 7 11 x y y z
17. 44rs2t3 2 22 r s s t t t
2 2 11 r s s t t t
18. 756m2n2 1 2 378 m m n n
1 2 2 189 m m n n
1 2 2 3 63 m m n n
1 2 2 3 3 21 m m n n
1 2 2 3 3 3 7 m m n n
prime factors.
16 2 2 2 2
60 2 2 3 5
GCF: 2 2 or 4
prime factors.
15 3 5
50 2 5 5
GCF: 5
Extra Practice
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
718
58 2 29
GCF: 29
Factor each monomial and circle the
prime factors.
55 5 11
305 5 61
GCF: 5
prime factors.
126 2 3 3 7
252 2 2 3 3 7
GCF: 2 3 3 7 or 126
prime factors.
128 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
245 5 7 7
GCF: 1
prime factors.
7y2 7 y y
14y2 2 7 y y
GCF: 7 y y or 7y2
prime factors.
4xy 2 2 x y
6x 1 2 3 x
GCF: 2x
prime factors.
35t2 5 7 t t
7t 7 t
GCF: 7t
prime factors.
16pq2 2 2 2 2 p q q
12p2q 2 2 3 p p q
4pq 2 2 p q
GCF : 2 2 p q or 4pq
prime factors.
5 5 1
15 3 5
10 2 5
GCF: 5
prime factors.
12 mn 2 2 3 m n
10 mn 2 5 m n
15 mn 3 5 m n
GCF: mn
common
common
common
common
common
common
common
common
common
17. d(d 11) 0

d 0 or d 11 0
d 11
{11, 0}
18. z(z 2.5) 0
z 0 or z 2.5 0
z 2.5
{0, 2.5}
19. (2y 6)(y 1) 0
2y 6 0 or y 1 0
y 3
y1
{3, 1}
20. (4n 7)(3n 2) 0
4n 7 0 or 3n 2 0

prime factors.
14xy 2 7 x y
12y 2 2 3 y
20x 2 2 5 x
GCF: 2
prime factors.
26jk4 2 13 j k k k k
16jk3 2 2 2 2 j k k k
8j2 2 2 2 j j
GCF: 2j
Page 840
523, 74 6
10a 40a 10a(a 4)

15wx 35wx2 5wx(3 7x)
27a2b 9b3 9b(3a2 b2 )
11x 44x2y 11x(1 4xy)
16y2 8y 8y(2y 1)
14mn2 2mn 2mn(7n 1)
25a2b2 30ab3 5ab2 (5a 6b)
2m3n2 16mn2 8mn 2mn(m2n 8n 4)
2ax 6xc ba 3bc
(2ax 6xc) (ba 3bc)
2x(a 3c) b(a 3c)
(2x b)(a 3c)
10. 6mx 4m 3rx 2r
(6mx 4m) (3rx 2r)
2m(3x 2) r(3x 2)
(2m r)(3x 2)
11. 3ax 6bx 8b 4a
(3ax 6bx) (8b 4a)
3x(a 2b) 4(2b a)
3x(a 2b) 4(1) (2b a)
3x(a 2b) (4)(a 2b)
(3x 4)(a 2b)
12. a2 2ab a 2b (a2 2ab) (a 2b)
a(a 2b) 1(a 2b)
(a 1)(a 2b)
13. 8ac 2ad 4bc bd
(8ac 2ad) (4bc bd)
2a(4c d) b(4c d)
(2a b)(4c d)
14. 2e2g 2fg 4e2h 4fh
(2e2g 2fg) (4e2h 4fh)
2g(e2 f ) 4h(e2 f )
(2g 4h)(e2 f )
2(g 2h)(e2 f )
2 xy xy y2 (x2 xy) (xy y2 )
15. x
x(x y) y(x y)
x(x y) y(1)(x y)
(x y)(x y)
(x y) 2
16. a(a 9) 0
a 0 or a 9 0
a9
{0, 9}
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
n4
Lesson 9-2
n 3
21. (a 1)(a 1) 0
a 1 0 or a 1 0
a 1
a1
{1, 1}
22. 10x2 20x 0
10x(x 2) 0
10x 0 or x 2 0
x0
x2
{0, 2}
23. 8b2 12b 0
4b(2b 3) 0
4b 0 or 2b 3 0
3
b0
b2
50, 32 6
or {0, 1.5}
24. 14d 49d 0

7d(2d 7) 0
7d 0 or 2d 7 0
d0
d 2
572, 06 or {3.5, 0}
15a2 60a
15a2 60a 0
15a(a 4) 0
15a 0 or a 4 0
a0
a4
{0, 4}
33x2 22x
26.
2 22x 0
33x
11x(3x 2) 0
11x 0 or 3x 2 0
25.
x0
27.
523, 06
x 3
32x2 16x
32x 16x 0
16x(2x 1) 0
16x 0 or 2x 1 0
2
x0
50, 12 6
719
x2
Extra Practice
Page 840
18. k2 27kj 90j2 k2 (27j)k 90j2
Lesson 9-3

x2 9x 14 (x 7)(x 2)
a2 9a 36 (a 12)(a 3)
x2 2x 15 (x 5)(x 3)
n2 8n 15 (n 5)(n 3)
b2 22b 21 (b 21)(b 1)
c2 2c 3 (c 3)(c 1)
x2 5x 24 (x 8)(x 3)
n2 8n 7 (n 7)(n 1)
m2 10m 39 (m 13)(m 3)
z2 15z 36 (z 12)(z 3)
11. s2 13st 30t2 s2 (13t)s 30t2
Among all pairs of factors of 30t2, choose 15t
and 2t, the pair of factors whose sum is 13t.
s2 13st 30t2 (s 15t) (s 2t)
y2 2y 35 ( y 5)( y 7)
r2 3r 40 (r 5)(r 8)
x2 5x 6 (x 6)(x 1)
15. x2 4xy 5y2 x2 (4y)x 5y2
Among all pairs of factors of 5y2, choose y and
5y, the pair of factors whose sum is 4y.
x2 4xy 5y2 (x y)(x 5y)
r2 16r 63 (r 9) (r 7)
v2 24v 52 (v 26)(v 2)
Extra Practice
Among all pairs of factors of 90j2, choose 30j

and 3j, the pair of factors whose sum is 27j.
k2 27kj 90j2 (k 30j) (k 3j)
19.
a2 3a 4 0
(a 4)(a 1) 0
a 4 0 or a 1 0
a 4
a1
{4, 1}
20.
x2 8x 20 0
(x 2)(x 10) 0
x 2 0 or x 10 0
x 2
x 10
{2, 10}
21. b2 11b 24 0
(b 3)(b 8) 0
b 3 0 or b 8 0
b 3
b 8
{8, 3}
22.
y2 y 42 0
(y 7)(y 6) 0
y 7 0 or y 6 0
y 7
y6
{7, 6}
23. k2 2k 24 0
(k 4)(k 6) 0
k 4 0 or k 6 0
k4
k 6
{6, 4}
24. r2 13r 48 0
(r 16)(r 3) 0
r 16 0 or r 3 0
r 16
r 3
{3, 16}
25.
n2 9n 18
2
n 9n 18 0
(n 6)(n 3) 0
n 6 0 or n 3 0
n6
n3
{3, 6}
26.
2z z2 35
2 2z 35 0
z
(z 7)(z 5) 0
z 7 0 or z 5 0
z 7
z5
{7, 5}
27.
20x 19 x2
2
x 20x 19 0
(x 1)(x 19) 0
x 1 0 or x 19 0
x1
x 19
{1, 19}
28.
10 a2 7a
2
a 7a 10 0
(a 5)(a 2) 0
a 5 0 or a 2 0
a 5
a 2
{5, 2}
720
29.
z2 57 16z
z 16z 57 0
(z 3)(z 19) 0
z 3 0 or z 19 0
z 3
z 19
{3, 19}
x2 14x 3
2 14x 33 0
x
(x 11) (x 3) 0
x 11 0 or x 3 0
x 11
x 3
{11, 3}
22x x2 96
2 22x 96 0
x
(x 6)(x 16) 0
x 6 0 or x 16 0
x6
x 16
{6, 16}
144 q2 26q
2 26q 144 0
q
(q 8)(q 18) 0
q 8 0 or q 18 0
q8
q 18
{8, 18}
x2 84 20x
2 20x 84 0
x
(x 6)(x 14) 0
x 6 0 or x 14 0
x6
x 14
{6, 14}
6. Among all positive pairs of factors of 24, choose 3

and 8, the pair of factors whose sum is 11.
4y2 11y 6 4y2 3y 8y 6
y(4y 3) 2(4y 3)
(4y 3) (y 2)
6n2 7n 3 6n2 2n 9n 3
2n(3n 1) 3(3n 1)
(2n 3) (3n 1)
7 and 10, the pair of factors whose sum is
17.
5x2 17x 14 5x2 7x 10x 14
x(5x 7) (2) (5x 7)
(5x 7) (x 2)
are no pairs whose sum is 11. The trinomial is
prime.
8m2 10m 3 8m2 12m 2m 3
4m(2m 3) 1(2m 3)
(2m 3) (4m 1)
11. Among all pairs of factors of 12, there are no
pairs whose sum is 2.
6y2 2y 2 2(3y2 y 1)
2r2 3r 14 2r2 4r 7r 14
2r(r 2) 7(r 2)
(2r 7) (r 2)
are no pairs whose sum is 3. The trinomial is
prime.
14. Factor out the GCF, 6.
18v2 24v 12 6(3v2 4v 2)
Now factor 3v2 4v 2. Among all pairs of
positive factors of 6, there are no pairs whose sum
is 4.
Thus, 18v2 24v 12 6(3v2 4v 2) .
4k2 2k 12 2(2k2 k 6)
Now factor 2k2 k 6. Among all pairs of factors
of 12, choose 3, and 4, the pair of factors
whose sum is 1.
(2k2 k 6) 2k2 3k 4k 6
k(2k 3) 2(2k 3)
(2k 3) (k 2)
Thus, 4k2 2k 12 2(2k 3) (k 2) .
30.
31.
32.
33.
Page 840
Lesson 9-4

and 18, the pair of factors whose sum is 4.
4a2 4a 63 4a2 14a 18a 63
2a(2a 7) 9(2a 7)
(2a 7) (2a 9)
3x2 7x 6 3x2 9x 2x 6
3x(x 3) 2(x 3)
(3x 2)(x 3)
1 and 24, the pair of factors whose sum is
25.
4r2 25r 6 4r2 r 24r 6
r(4r 1) (6)(4r 1)
(4r 1)(r 6)
2z2 11z 15 2z2 5z 6z 15
z(2z 5) (3) (2z 5)
(2z 5)(z 3)
3a2 2a 21 3a2 9a 7a 21
3a(a 3) 7(a 3)
(3a 7) (a 3)
721
Extra Practice

10x2 20xy 10y2 10(x2 2xy y2 )
Now factor x2 2xy y2. Among all pairs of
factors of y2, choose y and y, the pair of factors
whose sum is 2y.
10(x2 2xy y2 ) 10[x2 yx yx y2 ]
10[x(x y) y(x y) ]
10[ (x y)(x y) ]
10(x y) 2
2 20xy 10y2 10(x y)(x y)
Thus, 10x
or 10(x y)2.
12c2 11cd 5d2 12c2 15cd 4cd 5d2
3c(4c 5d) d(4c 5d)
(3c d)(4c 5d)
30n2 mn m2 30n2 5mn 6mn m2
5n(6n m) m(6n m)
(5n m)(6n m)
19. 8t2 32t 24 0
8(t2 4t 3) 0
t2 4t 3 0
(t 3)(t 1) 0
t 3 0 or t 1 0
t 3
t 1
{3, 1}
20. 6y2 72y 192 0
6(y2 12y 32) 0
y2 12y 32 0
(y 4)(y 8) 0
y 4 0 or y 8 0
y 4
y 8
{8, 4}
21.
5x2 3x 2 0
(5x 2)(x 1) 0
5x 2 0 or x 1 0
2
x5
51, 6
24.
n2
25.
516, 32 6
1
6
n
12x2 x 35 0
21x) (20x 35) 0
3x(4x 7) 5(4x 7) 0
(4x 7)(3x 5) 0
4x 7 0 or 3x 5 0
(12x2
x4
26.
553, 74 6
x 3
18x2 36x 14 0
2(9x2 18x 7) 0
9x2 18x 7 0
9x2 21x 3x 7 0
(9x2 21x) (3x 7) 0
3x(3x 7) 1(3x 7) 0
(3x 7)(3x 1) 0
3x 7 0 or 3x 1 0
7
x 3
27.
573, 13 6
x3
15a2 a 2 0
5a) (6a 2) 0
5a(3a 1) 2(3a 1) 0
(3a 1)(5a 2) 0
3a 1 0 or 5a 2 0
(15a2
a3
28.
x 1
2
5
22. 9x2 18x 27 0

9(x2 2x 3) 0
x2 2x 3 0
(x 1)(x 3) 0
x 1 0 or x 3 0
x1
x 3
{3, 1}
23. 4x2 4x 4 4
4x2 4x 8 0
4(x2 x 2) 0
x2 x 2 0
(x 1)(x 2) 0
x 1 0 or x 2 0
x 1
x2
{1, 2}
Extra Practice
12n2 16n 3 0
18n) (2n 3) 0
6n(2n 3) 1(2n 3) 0
(2n 3)(6n 1) 0
2n 3 0 or 6n 1 0
(12n2
525, 13 6
a 5
14b2 7b 42 0
7(2b2 b 6) 0
2b2 b 6 0
2b2 4b 3b 6 0
2b(b 2) 3(b 2) 0
(2b 3)(b 2) 0
2b 3 0 or b 2 0
3
b2
29.
52, 32 6
b 2
13r2 21r 10 0
(13r 5r) (26r 10) 0
r(13r 5) 2(13r 5) 0
(13r 5)(r 2) 0
13r 5 0 or r 2 0
2
r 13
52, 6
5
13
722
r 2
30.
31.
35y2 60y 20 0
5(7y2 12y 4) 0
7y2 12y 4 0
2
7y 14y 2y 4 0
7y(y 2) 2(y 2) 0
(7y 2)(y 2) 0
7y 2 0 or y 2 0
y 7
2
7,
y2
13. 9x2 100y2 (3x) 2 (10y) 2

(3x 10y) (3x 10y)
16x2 4x 6 0
2(8x2 2x 3) 0
8x2 2x 3 0
2
8x 6x 4x 3 0
2x(4x 3) 1(4x 3) 0
(2x 1) (4x 3) 0
2x 1 0 or 4x 3 0
1
x 2
32.
9. 75r2 48 3(25r2 16)

3[ (5r) 2 (4) 2 ]
3(5r 4) (5r 4)
10. x2 36y2 (x) 2 (6y) 2
(x 6y) (x 6y)
11. 3a2 16 prime
12. 12t2 75 3(4t2 25)
3[ (2t) 2 (5) 2 ]
3(2t 5) (2t 5)
512, 34 6
14. 49 a2b2 (7) 2 (ab) 2

(7 ab) (7 ab)
15. 5a2 48 prime
16. 169 16t2 (13) 2 (4t) 2
(13 4t) (13 4t)
17. 8r2 4 4(2r2 1)
x4
18. 45m2 5 5(9m2 1)

5[ (3m) 2 (1) 2 ]
5(3m 1) (3m 1)
4x2 16
19.
2 16 0
4x
4(x2 4) 0
x2 4 0
2 (2) 2 0
x
4(x 2)(x 2) 0
or x 2 0
x20
x 2
x2
{2}
2x2 50
20.
2 50 0
2x
2(x2 25) 0
x2 25 0
x2 52 0
(x 5)(x 5) 0
x 5 0 or x 5 0
x5
x 5
{5}
9n2 4 0
21.
(3n) 2 (2) 2 0
(3n 2)(3n 2) 0
3n 2 0 or 3n 2 0
3n 2
3n 2
28d2 5d 3 0
28d 12d 7d 3 0
4d(7d 3) 1(7d 3) 0
(4d 1)(7d 3) 0
4d 1 0 or 7d 3 0
2
d4
33.
537, 14 6
d 7
30x2 9x 3 0
3(10x2 3x 1) 0
10x2 3x 1 0
2 5x 2x 1 0
10x
5x(2x 1) 1(2x 1) 0
(5x 1) (2x 1) 0
5x 1 0 or 2x 1 0
1
x 5
515, 12 6
Page 841
x2
Lesson 9-5
1. x2 9 x2 32
(x 3)(x 3)
2. a2 64 a2 82
(a 8)(a 8)
3. 4x2 9y2 (2x) 2 (3y) 2
(2x 3y) (2x 3y)
4. 1 9z2 12 (3z) 2
(1 3z)(1 3z)
5. 16a2 9b2 (4a) 2 (3b) 2
(4a 3b) (4a 3b)
6. 8x2 12y2 4(2x2 3y2 )
7. a2 4b2 (a) 2 (2b) 2
(a 2b)(a 2b)
8. x2 y2 (x y)(x y)
22.
n3
523 6
n 3
25
a2 36 0
156 22 0
1a 56 21a 56 2 0
a2
a60
5
a6
556 6
723
or
a60
a
5
6
Extra Practice
23.
16
9
4 2
3
1 2 b2 0
143 b2143 b2 0
4
3
b0
b
24.
543 6
72 2z2 0
2(36 z2 ) 0
36 z2 0
(6) 2 z2 0
(6 z)(6 z) 0
6 z 0 or 6 z 0
z6
z 6
{6}
30.
25a2 1
2
25a 1 0
b2 0
4
3
or
29.
b0
4
3
b 3
1
18 2x2 0
1
(36
2
1
25
1 2
a2 5
36 x2 0
(6) 2 x2 0
(6 x)(6 x) 0
6 x 0 or 6 x 0
x6
x 6
{6}
25.
20 5g2 0
5(4 g2 ) 0
4 g2 0
(2) 2 g2 0
(2 g)(2 g) 0
2 g 0 or 2 g 0
g2
g 2
{2}
a50
p2 ) 0
1 2
c
4
1
4
90
1c2 169 2 0
16
9
4 2
3
c2
c2
12
0
0
1c 43 21c 43 2 0
4
c30
or
c 3
28.
543 6
or
515 6
a50
a 5
c30
Page 841
c3
Lesson 9-6
1. Yes;
The first term is a perfect square: x2
The last term is a perfect square: 62
The middle term is 2(x)(6).
x2 12x 36 x2 2(x) (6) 62
(x 6) 2
2. No; the middle term is not 2(n)(6).
3. Yes;
The first term is a perfect square: a2
The middle term is 2(a)(2).
a2 4a 4 a2 2(a) (2) 22
(a 2) 2
3z2 48 0
3(z2 16) 0
z2 16 0
2
z (4) 2 0
(z 4)(z 4) 0
z 4 0 or z 4 0
z4
z 4
{4}
Extra Practice
0
2q3 2q 0
2q(q2 1) 0
2q(q 1)(q 1) 0
or q 1 0
2q 0 or q 1 0
q0
q 1
q1
{1, 0, 1}
32.
3r3 48r
3 48r 0
3r
3r(r2 16) 0
3r [ r2 (4) 2 ] 0
3r(r 4)(r 4) 0
3r 0 or r 4 0 or r 4 0
r0
r4
r 4
{4, 0, 4}
33.
100d 4d3 0
4d(25 d2 ) 0
4d [ (5) 2 d2 ] 0
4d(5 d)(5 d) 0
4d 0 or 5 d 0 or 5 d 0
d0
d5
d 5
{5, 0, 5}
31.
64 p2 0
(8) 2 p2 0
(8 p)(8 p) 0
8 p 0 or 8 p 0
p8
p 8
{8}
27.
12
0
a5
1
(64
4
a2
1a 15 21a 15 2 0
16 4p2 0
26.
1
25 a2 25 0
x2 ) 0
724
4. No; the last term, 100, is not a perfect square.

5. No; the first term, 2n2, is not a perfect square.
6. Yes;
The first term is a perfect square: (2a)2
The middle term is 2(2a)(5).
4a2 20a 25 (2a) 2 2(2a)(5) 52
(2a 5) 2
2
2
7. 3x 75 3(x 25)
3(x 5)(x 5)
8. n2 8n 16 (n) 2 2(4)(n) (4) 2
(n 4) 2
9. 4p2 12pr 9r2
(2p) 2 2(2p)(3r) (3r) 2
(2p 3r) 2
10. 6a2 72 6(a2 12)
11. s2 30s 225
(s) 2 2(15)(s) (15) 2
(s 15) 2
12. 24x2 24x 9 3(8x2 8x 3)
13. 1 10z 25z2
(1) 2 2(1)(5z) (5z) 2
(1 5z) 2
14. 28 63b2 7(4 9b2 )
7(2 3b)(2 3b)
2
15. 4c 2c 7 is prime.
x2 22x 121 0
16.
2
x 2(x)(11) (11) 2 0
(x 11) 2 0
x 11 0
x 11
{11}
17. 343d2 7
20.
21.
594 6
573 6
p3
9p2 42p 20 29

9p2 42p 49 0
2 2(3p) (7) 72 0
(3p)
(3p 7) 2 0
3p 7 0
3p 7
7
Lesson 10-1
1. y x2 6x 8
Sample answer:
x
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
y
8
3
0
1
0
3
8
y x 2 6x 8
2. y x2 3x
Sample answer:
d2 49
517 6
s4
Page 841
d2 343
d
16s2 81 72s
16s 72s 81 0
(4s) 2 2(4s) (9) 92 0
(4s 9) 2 0
4s 9 0
4s 9
2
x
1
0
1
2
3
4
5
1
7
18. (a 7) 5
a 7 15
a 7 15
{7 15}
c2 10c 36 11
19.
c2 10c 25 0
c2 2(c)(5) 52 0
(c 5) 2 0
c50
c 5
{5}
725
y
4
0
2
2
0
4
10
y
y x 2 3x
O
Extra Practice
3. y x2
Sample answer:
x
3
2
1
0
1
2
3
7. In y x2 2x 3, a 1 and b 2.
x
y
9
4
1
0
1
4
9
b
2a
(2)
2(1)
or 1 is the equation of the axis of

x
symmetry.
y (1) 2 2(1) 3
y 1 2 3
y 2
x
y x 2
y
O
y x 2 2x 3
4. y x2 x 3
Sample answer:
x
3
2
1
0
1
2
3
y
9
5
3
3
5
9
15
8. In y 3x2 24x 80, a 3 and b 24.

x
y x2 x 3
5. y x2 1
Sample answer:
y
10
5
2
1
2
5
10
Extra Practice
y
40
25
16
13
16
25
40
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
y x2 1
x
y 3x 2 24x 80
8
6. y 3x2 6x 16
Sample answer:
x
4
3
2
1
0
1
2
b
2a
(24)
2(3)

x
symmetry.
y 3(4) 2 24(4) 80
y 48 96 80
y 32
x
3
2
1
0
1
2
3
y
28
20
12 y 3x 2 6x 16
4
2
726
6
4
2
2x
9. In y x2 4x 4, a 1 and b 4.
x

b
2a
(4)
2(1)
x
symmetry.
y (2) 2 4(2)4
y484
y 8
y 3x 2 6x 3
x
12. In y 2x2 12x, a 2 and b 12.

x
x
b
2a
(12)
2(2)
x
symmetry.
y 2(3) 2 12(3)
y 18 36
y 18
y x 2 4x 4
10. In y 5x2 20x 37, a 5 and b 20.

x
12
8
4
b
2a
(20)
2(5)
x
symmetry.
y 5(2) 2 20(2) 37
y 20 40 37
y 17
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
2
6
y 2x 2 12x
x
2x
b
2a
(6)
2(1)
x
symmetry.
y (3) 2 6(3) 5
y 9 18 5
y 4
y 5x 2 20x 37
4x
11. In y 3x2 6x 3, a 3 and b 6.

x
2 4 O
8
12
16
20
13. In y x2 6x 5, a 1 and b 6.
4
b
2a
(6)
2(3)

x
symmetry.
y 3(1) 2 6(1) 3
y363
y0
y x 2 6x 5
727
Extra Practice
14. In y x2 6x 9, a 1 and b 6.
x

b
2a
(6)
2(1)
x
symmetry.
y (3) 2 6(3) 9
y 9 18 9
y0
x
y 4x 2 1
17. In y 2x2 2x 4, a 2 and b 2.

x
x
b
2a
(2)
2(2)
or 2
1
1 2
1 2
1
1
y 2 2 2 2 2 4
y
y x 2 6x 9
y
15. In y x2 16x 15, a 1 and b 16.

x
y
y 2x 2 2x 4
2
y y x 16x 15
18. In y 6x2 12x 4, a 6 and b 12.

x
4
12
b
2a
(12)
2(6)
x
symmetry.
y 6(1) 2 12(1) 4
y 6 12 4
y 10
16. In y 4x2 1, a 4 and b 0.

x

x
symmetry.
y (8) 2 16(8) 15
y 64 128 15
y 49
O
10
20
30
14
The vertex is at 2, 42 .
b
2a
(16)
2(1)
50
40
30
20
10
1
2
1
42
b
2a
(0)
2(4)
x
symmetry.
y 4(0) 2 1
y01
y 1
y
O
y 6x 2 12x 4
Extra Practice
728
19. In y x2 1, a 1 and b 0.

x

b
2a
(0)
2(1)
x
symmetry.
y (0) 2 1
y01
y 1
y 5x 2 3x 2
2
1
1
1x
O
1
22. In y x2 x 20, a 1 and b 1.
x
y x 2 1
x
b
2a
(1)
2(1)

x
symmetry.
y
112 22 112 2 20
y 4 2 20
1
20. In y
x
x2
b
2a
(1)
2(1)
y 204
x 1, a 1 and b 1.
The vertex is at


x
symmetry.
y
112 22 12 1
20
15
10
5
y 4 2 1
1
y 14
The vertex is at
112, 114 2.
4

y
2
y x 2 x 20
23. In y 2x2 5x 2, a 2 and b 5.

x
y x 2 x 1
b
2a
(5)
2(2)
or 1.25 is the equation of the axis of

x
symmetry.
y 2(1.25) 2 5(1.25) 2
y 3.125 6.25 2
y 5.125
21. In y 5x2 3x 2, a 5 and b 3.

x
112, 2014 2.
3
2
1
b
2a
(3)
2(5)
x
or 0.3 is the equation of the axis of
symmetry.
y 5(0.3) 2 3(0.3) 2
y .45 0.9 2
y 2.45
3
729
2
1
1x
1
2
3
y 2x 2 5x 2
4
5
Extra Practice
24. In y 3x2 18x 15, a 3 and b 18.

x
3. Graph d2 36 0.
Sample answer:
b
2a
(18)
2(3)
d
2
1
0
1
2
x
symmetry.
y 3(3) 2 18(3) 15
y 27 54 15
y 12
y 3x 2 18x 15
6
4
2
15
10
5
5
10
20
25
30
f (d )
60
50
40
30
20 f (d ) d 2 36
10
O
4321
1 2 3 4d
The graph has no d-intercept. Thus there are no

real number solutions for this equation.
4. Graph b2 18b 81 0.
Sample answer:
b
7
8
9
10
11
2x
f(d)
40
37
36
37
40
f(b)
4
1
0
1
4
f (b ) b 2 18b 81
5
4
3
2
1
O
Page 842
Lesson 10-2
f(a)
0
16
24
25
24
16
0
15
10
5
5
5
10
15
20
25
f (a )
x
3
2
1
0
5a
f(n)
0
12
15
16
15
12
0
16
12
8
4
2
4
8
12
16
6
4
2
f (x )
40
35
30
25
20 f (x ) x 2 3x 27
15
10
5
x
O
2
The graph has no x-intercept. Thus there are no

6. Graph y2 3y 10 0.
Sample answer:
f (n)
y
7
5
3
2
1
0
2
O
2 4 6 8 10 n
f (n ) n 2 8n
The n-intercepts of the graph are 0 and 8. Thus,

Extra Practice
f(x)
27
25
25
27
f (a ) a 2 25
The a-intercepts of the graph are 5 and 5. Thus,

2. Graph n2 8n 0.
Sample answer:
n
0
2
3
4
5
6
8
b
2 4 6 8 10 12
The graph has one d-intercept, 9. Thus the

5. Graph x2 3x 27 0.
Sample answer:
1. Graph a2 25 0.
Sample answer:
a
5
3
1
0
1
3
5
f (b )
f(y)
18
0
10
12
12
10
0
f (y ) y 2 3y 10
f (y )
12
10
8
6
4
2
54321O
1 2y
The y-intercepts of the graph are 5 and 2. Thus,

730
7. Graph x2 2x 3 0.
Sample answer:
x
5
3
2
1
0
1
3
11. Graph 3x2 6x 9 0.

Sample answer:
f(x)
12
0
3
4
3
0
12
x
1
0
1
2
3
f (x )
f (x ) x 2 2x 3
f(x)
21
5
3
4
3
5
21
c
3
2
1
0
1
2
4
2
( )
f (x ) f x x 6x 5
f(a)
21
5
3
4
3
5
21
t
2
1
0
1
2
f (a )
f (a ) a 2 2a 3
f(r)
15
5
1
3
1
5
15
f (c )
2
1
2
1
1c
f (c ) c 2 c 1
f(t)
14
5
2
5
14
f (t )
f (t ) 3t 2 2
O
The graph has no t-intercept. Thus, there are no

14. Graph b2 5b 2 0.
Sample answer:
b
1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
f (r )
The a-intercepts of the graph are 3 and 1. So,

10. Graph 2r2 8r 5 0.
Sample answer:
r
1
0
1
2
3
4
5
f(c)
6
2
0
0
2
6
20
The c-intercepts of the graph are 0 and 1.

So, the solutions of the equation are 0 and 1.
13. Graph 3t2 2 0.
Sample answer:
The x-intercepts of the graph are 1 and 5. So, the

9. Graph a2 2a 3 0.
Sample answer:
a
6
4
2
1
0
2
4
O f (x )
21
1 2 3x
2
4 f (x ) 3x 2 6x 9
6
8
10
12
14
16
The graph has no x-intercept. Thus, there are no

12. Graph c2 c 0.
Sample answer:

8. Graph x2 6x 5 0.
Sample answer:
x
2
0
2
3
4
6
8
f(x)
18
9
6
9
18
f(b)
4
2
6
8
8
6
2
4
8
6
4
2
1
2
4
6
8
f (b )
f (b ) b 2 5b 2
O
1 2 3 4 5 6b
The b-intercepts of the graph are between 1 and

f (r ) 2r 2 8r 5
The r-intercepts of the graph are between 0 and 1

and between 3 and 4. So, one root is between 0
and 1 and the other is between 3 and 4.
731
Extra Practice
15. Graph 3x2 7x 1.

x
4
3
2
1
0
1
2
f(x)
19
5
3
5
1
9
25
19. Graph a2 12a 36 0.

Sample answer:
f (x )
a
8
7
6
5
4
f (x ) 3x 2 7x 1
f(x)
0
18
28
30
30
28
18
0
f(n)
8
1
4
7
8
7
4
1
O f (x )
8
4
x
3
2
1
0
1
2
3
4x
5
10
15
20
25
30
f (x ) x 2 5x 24
f (n ) 8 n 2
f(x)
0
24
30
30.25
30
24
0
10
5
2
5
10
15
20
25
30
x
3
2
1
0
1
2
3
n
z
4
3
2
1
0
1
2
O a
f(x)
55
60
63
64
63
60
55
f (x ) 64 x 2
60
50
40
30
20
10
f (x )
8642O
2 4 6 8x
20
f(x)
41
19
5
1
1
11
29
f (x ) 4x 2 2x 1
1
1
f (x )
1
2
f(z)
47
20
3
4
1
12
35
f (z )
4
3
2
1
2
1
1
2
3
4
f (z ) 5z 2 8z 1
1z
The z-intercepts of the graph are between 2 and

f (x ) x 2 7x 18

Extra Practice
2
The x-intercepts of the graph are between 1 and

22. Graph 5z2 8z 1.
Sample answer:
f (x )
O
2 4 6 8
4
The x-intercepts of the graph are 8 and 8. So,

21. Graph 4x2 2x 1.
Sample answer:
f (n )
6
The graph has only one a-intercept, 6, So, the

20. Graph 64 x2 0.
Sample answer:
The n-intercepts of the graph are between 3 and

18. Graph x2 7x 18.
Sample answer:
x
2
1
3
3.5
4
6
9
6
5
4
3
2
1
f (a ) a 2 12a 36

17. Graph 8 n2 0.
Sample answer:
n
4
3
2
1
0
1
2
3
f (a )
8
The x-intercepts of the graph are between 3 and

3 and 4 and the other is between 0 and 1.
16. Graph x2 5x 24 0.
Sample answer:
x
8
6
4
3
2
1
1
3
f(a)
4
1
0
1
4
732
3. b2 10b 25 11
(b 5) 2 11
2(b 5) 2 111
0b 5 0 111
b 5 111
b 5 5 111 5
b 5 111
b 5 111 or b 5 111
1.7
8.3
4. a2 22a 121 3
(a 11) 2 3
2(a 11) 2 13
0a 11 0 13
a 11 13
a 11 11 13 11
a 11 13
a 11 13 or a 11 13
9.3
12.7
5. x2 2x 1 81
(x 1) 2 81
2(x 1) 2 181
0x 1 0 181
x 1 181
x 1 1 181 1
x 1 181
x 1 181 or x 1 181
8
10
6. t2 36t 324 85
(t 18) 2 85
2(t 18) 2 185
0t 18 0 185
t 18 185
t 18 18 185 18
t 18 185
t 18 185 or t 18 185
27.2
8.8
7. a2 20a c
23. Graph p 27 p2.

Sample answer:
p
7
6
5
4
3
1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
f(p)
15
3
7
15
21
27
27
25
21
15
7
3
15
15
10
5
f (p )
8 642
5
10
15
20
25
2 4 6p
f (p ) p 2 p 27
The p-intercepts of the graph are between 6 and

24. Graph 6w 15 3w2.
Sample answer:
x
3
2
1
0
1
f(x)
24
15
12
15
24
f (w )
21
18
15
12
9
f (w ) 3w 2 6w 15
6
3
321O
1w
The graph has no w-intercept. Thus, there are no

Page 842
Lesson 10-3
1. x2 4x 4 9
(x 2) 2 9
2(x 2) 2 19
0x 2 0 19
x 2 19
x 2 2 19 2
x 2 19
x 2 19 or x 2 19
5
1
2. t2 6t 9 16
(t 3) 2 16
2(t 3) 2 116
0t 3 0 116
t 3 116
t 3 3 116 3
t 3 116
t 3 116 or t 3 116
1
7
Find
c
1
of
2
20 2
2
1 2
102 or 100
8. x 10x c
2
Find
c
1
of
2
10 2
2
1 2
52 or 25
9. t 12t c
2
Find
c
1
of
2
12 2
2
1 2
62 or 36
733
Extra Practice
10. y2 9y c
Find
1
2
16.
2y2
1 9 22
2y2 7y 4 0
7y 4 4 0 4
2y2 7y
2
7y
y2 2
7y
49
y2 2 16
7
y42
7
y4
7
7
y44
c 2
81
4
or 20.25
11. p2 14p c
1
of 14
2
14 2
2
196
or 49
4
Find
c
1 2
1
of 13 and
2
13 2
2
169
or 42.25
4
c

13.
1 2
2
49
2 16
81
16
9
4
7
9
4
4
7 9
y
4
7 9
7 9
y 4
or y 4
2
1
16
4 or 2
4 or
1
12. b2 13b c
Find
2
square the result.
a2 8a 84 0
2 8a 84 84 0 84
a
a2 8a 84
2 8a 16 84 16
a
(a 4) 2 100
a 4 10
a 4 4 4 10
a 4 10
a 4 10 or a 4 10
14
6
17. t2 3t
1t
9
4
3 2
2
3
t2
3
3
2
2
40
9
4
169
4
13
2
3
13
t
2 2
3 13
t
2
3 13
3 13

or
t
2
2
t5
t 8
x2 8x 9 0
18.
2
x 8x 9 9 0 9
x2 8x 9
2
x 8x 16 9 16
(x 4) 2 25
x 4 5
x 4 4 4 5
x 4 5
x 4 5 or x 4 5
1
9
c2 6 5c
c2 6 6 5c 5c 5c 6
c2 5c 6
c2 5c 6.25 6 6.25
(c 2.5) 2 0.25
c 2.5 0.5
c 2.5 2.5 2.5 0.5
c 2.5 0.5
c 2.5 0.5 or c 2.5 0.5
2
3
15.
p2 8p 5 0
2 8p 5 5 0 5
p
p2 8p 5
2 8p 16 5 16
p
( p 4) 2 11
p 4 111
p 4 4 4 111
p 4 111
p 4 111 or p 4 111
0.7
7.3
The approximate solution set is {0.7, 7.3}.
14.
19.
y2 5y 84 0
y 5y 84 84 0 84
y2 5y 84
2
25
4
5 2
2
5
y2
5
5
2
2
y2 5y
1y
y
y
5 19
2
or
84
25
4
361
4
19
2
5
19
2 2
5 19
y
2
5 19
y
2
y 12
y7
Extra Practice
4
734
t2 12t 32 0
t 12t 32 32 0 32
t2 12t 32
2 12t 36 32 36
t
(t 6) 2 4
t 6 2
t 6 6 6 2
t 6 2
t 6 2 or t 6 2
4
8
2x 3x2 8
21.
3x2 2x 8
20.
23.
3x2 2x
3
2x
x2 3
2x
4
x2 3 36
2 2
x6
2
x6
2
2
x66
z
3 36
3
2
25
2 16
57
16

157
4
5 157
4
5 157
4
z
or
5 257
4
8
1
08
1
8
1
t
02
3 211
4
11
16

or
1.6
2
8 16
t
111
4
3 111
4
3 111
4
t
3 211
4
0.08
2 16
73
16
Page 842
173
4
1
173

4
4
1 173
4

y
y
5 257
4
8t2 12t 1
8
12t
1
1
2
t 8 88
3t
t2 2
3t
9
t2 2 16
3
t42
3
t4
3
3
t44
2
02
3.1
0.6
24. 8t2 12t 1 0
8
8
2
z
3
2y2 y 9
2
y
9
9
y2 2 2 2
y
y2 2
y
1
y2 2 16
1
y42
1
y4
1
1
y44
1 273
4
8
2y2 y 9 0
2z2 5z 4
2
5z
z2 2 2 2
5z
z2 2
5z
25
z2 2 16
5
z42
5
z4
5
5
z44
3
100
36
10
6
2
10
6 6
2 10
x 6
2 10
2 10
x 6
or x 6
8
2
6 or
4
22.
2z2 5z 4 0
or
y
Lesson 10-4
1. x2 8x 4 0
x

1 273
4
2.4
1.9
b 2b2 4ac
2a
(8) 2(8) 2 4(1) (4)
2(1)
8 164 16
2
8 180
2
8 280
8 280
or x
2
2
x
8.5
0.5
2. x2 7x 8 0
x

x
b 2b2 4ac
2a
(7) 2(7) 2 4(1) (8)
2(1)
7 149 32
2
7 181
2
7 9
2
7 9
7 9
or x 2
2
1
8
735
Extra Practice
3. x2 5x 6 0
x

x
7. m2 4m 2 0
b 2b2 4ac
2a
(5) 2(5) 2 4(1) (6)
2(1)
5 125 24
2
5 11
2
5 1
2
5 1
5 1
or x 2
2
m

m
0.6
3.4
8. 2t2 t 15 0
3
2
4. y2 7y 8 0
y

y
t
b 2b2 4ac
2a
(7) 2(7) 2 4(1) (8)
2(1)
7 149 32
2
7 181
2
7 9
2
7 9
7 9
or y 2
2

t
m2 2m 35 35 35
m2 2m 35 0

x
x
b 2b2 4ac
2a
(2) 2(2) 2 4(1) (35)

2(1)
2 14 140
2
2 1144
2
2 12
2
2 12
2 12
or x 2
2

x

y
b 2b2 4ac
2a
(0) 2(0) 2 4(5) (125)
2(5)
0 10 2500
10
12500
10
50
10
50
50
or x 10
10
5
5
10. t2 16 0
7
5
6. 4n2 20n 0
y
b 2b2 4ac
2a
(1) 2(1) 2 4(2) (15)
2(2)
1 11 120
4
1 1121
4
1 11
4
1 11
1 11
or t 4
4
2.5
3
The solution set is {2.5, 3}.
9.
5t2 125
2 125 125 125
5t
5t2 125 0
1
8
5.
m2 2m 35
x
b 2b2 4ac
2a
(4) 2(4) 2 4(1) (2)
2(1)
4 116 8
2
4 18
2
4 18
4 18
or m
2
2
t
b 2b2 4ac
2a
(20) 2(20) 2 4(1) (0)
2(4)
20 1400 0
8
20 1400
8
20 20
8
20 20
20 20
or y
8
8

b 2b2 4ac
2a
(0) 2(0) 2 4(1) (16)
2(1)
10 64
2
164
2
The solution set is .

11.
4x2 8x 3
4x2 8x 3 3 3
4x2 8x 3 0
x
5
0

x
b 2b2 4ac
2a
(8) 2(8) 2 4(4) (3)
2(4)
8 164 48
8
8 1112
8
8 1112
8 1112
or x
8
8
0.3
2.3
Extra Practice
736
12.
16. s2 8s 7 0
3k2 2 8k
3k 2 2 8k 8k 8k 2
3k2 8k 2 0
2
k

k
s
b 2b2 4ac
2a
(8) 2(8) 2 4(3) (2)
2(3)
8 164 24
6
8 140
6
8 140
8 140
or k
6
6

s
7
1
17. d2 14d 24 0
0.3
2.4
13. 8t2 10t 3 0
14.
5x
1
4 20
b 2b2 4ac

2a

x
1 52
5 2
12
2
18.
3k2 11k 4
2
3k 11k 4 4 4
3k2 11k 4 0
k
1 12
4(3) 2
2(3)
25
16
3 1 4 2
4
5
4
5
4
(11) 2(11) 2 4(3) (4)

2(3)
11 1121 48

6
11 1169

6
11 13
11 13
k
or k
6
6
1
3
4
1
6
121
3 16
6
11
4
6
5
4

6
11
4
or
x
3
The solution set is
5
4
19.
11
4

n2
3n 1 0
d
6
1
4
523, 14 6.

15. 5b 3b2 1 0

b
b 2b2 4ac
2a
6
5
4
b 2b2 4ac
2a
(14) 2(14) 2 4(1) (24)

2(1)
14 1196 96

2
14 1100

2
14 10

2
14 10
14 10

or s
2
2
d
b 2b2 4ac
2a
(10) 2(10) 2 4(8) (3)

2(8)
10 1100 96

16
10 14

16
10 2

16
10 2
10 2
t 16
or t 16
1
3
2
4
3
1
t
3x2
b 2b2 4ac
2a
(8) 2(8) 2 4(1) (7)
2(1)
8 164 28
2
8 136
2
8 6
2
8 6
8 6
or s 2
2
b 2b2 4ac
2a
(3) 2(3) 2 4(5) (1)
2(5)
3 19 20
10
2 111
1
d
b 2b2 4ac
2a
(3) 2(3) 2 4(1) (1)
2(1)
3 19 4
2
3 15
2
3 15
3 25
or d
2
2
2.6
0.4

The solution set is .
737
Extra Practice
20. 2z2 5z 1 0
z

z
27.
0.2
2.7
21.
25t2 30t 9
25t 30t 9 9 9
25t2 30t 9 0
b2 4ac (30) 2 4(25) (9)
0
real root.
2
b 2b2 4ac
2a
(5) 2(5) 2 4(2) (1)
2(2)
5 125 8
4
5 132
4
5 132
5 232
or z
4
4
Page 842
3h2 27
3h 27 27 27
3h2 27 0
2
h

h
b 2b2 4ac
2a
(0) 2(0) 2 4(3) (27)
2(3)
0 2324
6
18
6
18
18
or h 6
6
2
72
70
71
72
73
3f 2 2f 6
3f 2f 6 6 6
3f 2 2f 6 0
b2 4ac (2) 2 4(3) (6)
76
has two real roots.
2. y
1
7
1
7
49
343
1
y
y 7x
2x
113 2x, 113 25.6
Sample answer:
x
3
2
2x2 0.7x 0.3

2
2x 0.7x 0.3 0.7x 0.7x 0.3 0.3
2x2 0.7x 0.3 0
b2 4ac (0.7) 2 4(2)(0.3)
2.89
has two real roots.
1
0
1
2
113 2x
113 23
113 22
113 21
113 20
113 21
113 22
y
14
12
10
8
6
1
4 y 3
2
y
27
9
3
1
( )
2 1 O
1 2x
1
3
1
9
113 25.6 0.002

3
3
3. y 1 5 2 x, 1 5 2 4.2
Sample answer:
25. 4r2 12r 9 0

b2 4ac (12) 2 4(4) (9)
0
real root.
x
3
2
x2 5x 9
2 5x 9 9 9
x
x2 5x 9 0
b2 4ac (5) 2 4(1)(9)
11
has no real roots.
1
0
1
2
135 2x
135 23
135 22
135 21
135 20
135 21
135 22
135 24.2 8.5
738
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
125
27
25
9
5
3
1
3
5
9
25
Extra Practice
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
1
49
71.5 18.5
24. 3w2 2w 8 0
b2 4ac (2) 2 4(3)(8)
92
has no real roots.
26.
7x
0
1
2
3
23.
1 71
3
3
22.
Lesson 10-5
1. y 7x, 71.5
Sample answer:
( 3)
y 5
4
2
1x
4. y 3x 1
Sample answer:
x
3x 1
8. y
Sample answer:
y
2 32 1
10
9
1 31 1
4
3
0
1
2
3
30 1
31 1
32 1
33 1
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
2
4
10
28
x
2
1
y
1O
2x 5
2
22 5
19
4
1
21 5
9
2
3x
1 2 3x
1
2
3
20 5
21 5
22 5
23 5
10
8
6
4
2
4
3
1
3
8
4
O
4x
2
4
6 y 2x 5
2
1
1
y
28
24
20
16
12
8
4 y 2x 3
4
2
2
3
2x
7. y 3x + 1
3x 1
2
31
1
0
1
2
3
30
31
32
33
34
1
3
1
3
9
27
81
4
2
3
2
( 2)
y 3
1
2
2
3
1
2x
4
9
8
27
125 2x
125 2x
2
5 1 5 2 2
2
5 1 5 2 1
2
515 20
2
515 21
2
515 22
2
515 23
5(3x)
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
125
4
25
2
2
( 2)
y 5 5
4
5
8
25
2 5(32 )
5
9
1 5(31)
5
3
0 5(30 )
1 5(31)
2 5(32)
y
14
12
10
8
6
4
2 y 3x 1
9
4
10. y 5(3x )
Sample answer:
Sample answer:
6
9. y 5

6. y 2x 3
Sample answer:
x 2x 3 y
2
21
2
1
22
4
3
0
2
8
1
24 16
2
25 32
3
26 64
123 2x
123 22
123 21
123 20
123 21
123 22
123 23
5. y 2x 5
Sample answer:
0
1
2
3
123 2x
5
15
45
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
y 5(3)x
3 21O
1 2x
11. y 4(5)x
Sample answer:
2x
x
4(5)x
2 4(5)2
4
25
1 4(5)1
4
5
0 4(5)0
1 4(5)1
2 4(5)2
4
20
100
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
2
y 4(5)x
2x
739
Extra Practice
12. y 2 (5)x 1
x
2
Page 843
2(5) 1
2(5)2
1
1 2(5)1 1
0 2(5)0 1
1 2(5)1 1
2 2(5)2 1
7
5
3
11
51
21O
x
2
1
0
1
2
112 2x1
112 2x1 y
112 221 2
112 211 1
112 201 12
112 211 14
112 221 18
8500(1.00604) 48
11,349.73
He will have about $11,349.73.
1 2x
The y-intercept is
14. y
118 2x
y
7
6
5
4
3
1
2 y 2
1
2a. V C(1 r) t
V 21,500 (1 0.08) 5
2b. V 21,500(0.92) 5
14,170.25
The value of the car will be $14,170.25.
3a. P C(1 r) t
P 3422(1 0.049) 8
x1
3b. P 3422(1.049) 8
5017
The population was 5017.
( )
2
Page 843
1
.
2
1. 12
2
1
0
1
2
118 2x
118 22
118 21
118 20
118 21
118 22
y
14
12
10
8
6
1
4 y 8
2
y
64
8

1.2
1.2
2

geometric.
4. 86
68.8
55.04
44.032
2x
1
64

0.8
2
1
0
1
2
1 2 2
134 22 2
134 21 2
134 20 2
134 21 2
134 22 2

0.8

2
2
2
y
2
9
2
3
1
5
4
4
3 x
( )
2
y 4 2

6. 13
10
11
8
9

3
1
3
1
3
No; the difference between consecutive terms is a

constant pattern. This sequence is arithmetic, not
geometric.
7. 3125, 625, 125, 25, ...
2x
1
23
16
625
3125

16. No; the domain values are at regular intervals
and the range values have a common difference
of 4.
17. Yes; the domain values are at regular intervals
and the range values have a common ratio of 5.
Extra Practice

0.8

5. 4
8
16
32
Sample answer:
x

1.2

3
3
3
134 2x 2
3 x
4
45

3. 39
33
27
21
15. y
34

geometric.
2. 6
7.2
8.64
10.368
( )
1
1
8
Lesson 10-7
23

11
11
11
Sample answer:
x
M 8500 1
13. y
12(4)
1 0.0725
12 2
0.0725
1b. M 8500 1 1 12 2 12(4)
14
12
10
8
6
4
2 y 2(5)x 1
27
25
Lesson 10-6
r
1a. M P 1 n nt
0.2

terms are 5, 1, and 0.2.
8. 15, 45, 135, 405, ...
45
15
3

terms are 1215, 3645, and 10,935.
740
22. an a1 rn1
a3 a1 r31
9. 243, 81, 27, 9, ...

81
243
3
81 1 r2
81 r2
9 r

1
10. 15, 7.5, 3.75, 1.875, ...
7.5
15
23. an a1 rn1
a3 a1 r31
0.5
9 81 r2

three terms are 0.9375, 0.46875, and 0.234375.
11. 25, 15, 9, 5.4, ...
15
25
9
81
1
9
1
3
0.6
12.
14
504
1
36
1
6
terms are
4
8
,
,
625 3125
16
and 15,625.
13. an a1 rn1
a10 1 6101
15. an a1 rn1
a4 6 0.441
a4 6 0.43
a4 0.384
25.
a 1 (4) 6
7
a7 4096
504r2
504
r2
r
1 2
116 2 84
an a1 rn1
a3 a1 r31
162 0.5 r2
162
0.5
16. an a1 rn1
a10 100 0.1101
17. an a1 rn1
a5 750 (1.5) 51

1
or 504 6 84.
14. an a1 rn1
a7 1 (4) 71
a10 1 69
a10 10,077,696
113 2 27
14 504 r2
3
Multiply by
r
24. a a rn1
n
1
a3 a1 r31
2
3
r2
1 2

1
10
1
4
81r2
81

1
or 81 3 27.

terms are 3.24, 1.944, and 1.1664.
1 1 1
2
, , ,
,
4 10 25 125
0.5r2
0.5
324 r2
18 r
The geometric mean is 0.5(18) 9 or
0.5(18) 9.
a10 100 0.19

a10 0.0000001
26. an a1 rn1
a3 a1 r31
a5 750 (1.5) 4
a5 3796.875
4 1 r2
4
1
rn1
18. an a1
a5 64 851
1r2
1
4 r2
2 r
a5 64 84
a5 262,144
27.
rn1
19. an a1
a9 0.5 (10) 91
8
a9 0.5 (10)
a9 50,000,000
rn1
20. an a1
a5 20 (2.5) 61
an a1 rn1
a3 a1 r31
0.36 0.25 r2
a5 20 (2.5)
a5 1953.125
0.36
0.25
0.25
0.25r2
1.44 r2
1.2 r
The geometric mean is 0.25(1.2) 0.3 or
0.25(1.2) 0.3.
n1
21. an a1 r
a4 350 (0.9) 41
a 350 (0.9) 3
4
a4 255.15
741
Extra Practice
28. a a rn1
n
1
a3 a1 r31
1
8
1
8
1
2
1
4
1
2
11.
2 r2
1 2
r
2
1
2
r2
r
rn1
29. an a1
a3 a1 r31
32
27
32
27
2
3
16
9
4
3
1 2
1 1
2 2
1
4
or
1
2
1 2
1
2
1 2 89 or 23 143 2 89.
an a1 rn1
a3 a1 r31
6.25
6.25r2
21.
13
15
115
5
2. 1200 1100 2
1012
4. 1700 1100 7
1017
23.
24.
72
6
9.
25.
17
8.
14 2 7
7
2 114
7
3 3
2
6
5
24
15
124
15
2 16
130
12
Extra Practice
232c5
132 2c5
19 2d2
4 12 c2 1c
30d0
3 7 17 17
5
8
32c5
3 9d2
15
15
18
3 16
0g0
22. 299x3y7 199 2x3 2y7

3111 x1x y3 1y
3 0 xy3 0 111xy
112
14 3
213
7.
154
54
3 g2 2g2
Lesson 11-1
1. 150 125 2
512
3. 1162 181 2
912
172
16
150
2z2
125 2
0z0
5 12
0z0
15. 612 13 616
20. 2175a4b6 1175 2a4 2b6

517 a2 0 b3 0
5a2 0 b3 0 17
0.36 r2
0.6 r
The geometric mean is 6.25(0.6) 3.75 or
6.25(0.6) 3.75.
6.
19. 212ts3 112 1t 2s3

213 1t s1s
2 0 s 0 13st
2.25 6.25 r2
5.
18. 2200m2y3 1200 2m2 2y3

1100 2 0 m 0 2y2 1y
10 12 0 m 0 y 1y
10 0 my 0 12y
2 4
3
13
15
115
115
17. 24x4y3 14 2x4 2y2 1y

2x2 0 y 0 1y
r
Page 844
115x
15
50
3 z2
16. 516 213 10118

1019 2
10(312)
3012
r2
2.25
6.25
1x
115
12.
14. 17 13 121
1
4.
2
r2
3
2
r2
3
2
3
13. 110 120 1200

1100 2
1012
30.
2x
3 30 3 15
10.
17
27p4
3 3p2
1
3 15
3 32 132
2
3
19 2p2
30p0
1
3

17
4 12
114
8
3
2
11
1
3 3

26.
16
16
742
2
13 5
4c2 12c
30d0
29p2
17
116 2
12
12
29d2
15
3 15
9 5
3 15
4
3 15
15
3
2
13 5

13 5 13 5
2( 13 5)
3 25
2( 13 5)
22
13 5
11
27.
13
13 5

28.
16
7 2 13

15
3 15 12 1 19 2
1 11
15 2
1
15
15
10 1 15 15 2 3 15 12 1 3 2
15
10 1 5 2 3 15 4 15
19. 10 3 5 145 12 3 9 10
16
7 2 13

2 13 7 2 13
16(7 2 13)
49 12
7 16 2 118
37
7 16 6 12
37
7
Page 844
18. 4175 6127 4(513) 6(313)

2013 1813
3813
13
13 5

13 5 13 5
13( 13 5)
3 25
3 5 13
22
2 15 3 15 4 15
5 15
20. 115
13
3 5 115 15
115
Lesson 11-2
1. 3111 6111 2111 (3 6 2) 111

7111
2. 6113 7113 (6 7) 113
13113
3. 2112 513 2(213) 513
413 513
913
4. 917 412 312 517
(9 5) 17 (4 3) 12
1417 12
5. 315 513 in simplest form
6. 418 315 4(212) 315
812 315
7. 2127 4112 2(313) 4(213)
613 813
213
8. 8132 4150 8(412) 4(512)
3212 2012
5212
9. 145 6120 315 6(215)
315 1215
1515
10. 2163 6128 8145
2(317) 6(217) 8(315)
617 1217 2415
6 17 2415
11. 1413t 813t 2213t
12. 716x 1216x 516x
13. 517 3128 517 3(217)
517 617
17
14. 718 118 7(212) 312
1412 312
1112
15. 7198 5132 2175
7(712) 5(412) 2(513)
4912 2012 1013
6912 1013
16. 416 312 215 in simplest form
17. 3120 2145 17 3(215) 2(315) 17
615 615 17
17

1
3
21. 3 3 9 3
1
12
5 115
5
4 115
5
13 15

15 15
115
5
11
9 1 112 2 913
1 11
13 2
1
13
1
13
3 1 13 13 2 9 1 2 13 13 2 913
13
13
3 1 3 2 9 1 6 2 913
1243 3
13
3 13
2
913
2 13
2
3 13
2
17 13
2
18 13
2
22. 13( 15 2) 115 213

23. 12( 12 315) 2 3110
24. ( 12 5) 2 ( 12) 2 2( 12) (5) 52
2 1012 25
27 1012
25. (3 17)(3 17) 32 ( 17) 2
97
2
26. ( 12 13) ( 13 12) 16 14 19 16
216 2 3
216 5
27. (417 12) ( 13 315)
4121 12135 16 3110
Page 844
1.
Lesson 11-3
15x 5
( 15x) 2 52
5x 25
x5
?
15(5) 5
?
125 5
55
2.
417 1m
(417) 2 ( 1m) 2
112 m
112 m
Check:
Check:
743
417 1(112)
?
417 1112
417 417
Extra Practice
3. 1t 5 0
1t 5
( 1t) 2 52
t 25
9. 1a 2 0
1a 2
( 1a) 2 22
a4
125 5 0
?
550
00
Check:
Check:
10. 12j 4 8
12j 12
( 12j) 2 122
2j 144
j 72
4. 13b 2 0
13b 2
( 13b) 2 (2) 2
3b 4
4
b3
3 31
Check:
4
3
220
Check:
?
?
14 2 0
?
220
40
Since does not satisfy the original equation,

1x 3 6
( 1x 3) 2 62
x 3 36
x 39
Check:
12.
139 3 6
?
136 6
66
Check:
6. 5 13x 1
13x 4
(13x) 2 (4) 2
3x 16
16
3
x
5
Check:
3 31 3 2 1
?
5 116 1
?
541
11
7. 2 31y 13
31y 11
c5
Check:
11
3
11 2
3
121 ?

9
11 ?
14.
13
1 3 2 13
?
2 11 13
13 13
13g 6
13(12) 6
?
136 6
66
Extra Practice
215t 10
15t 5
( 15t) 2 52
5t 25
t5
Check:
( 13g) 2 62
3g 36
g 12
Check:
2 33
23
3 515 2 9
7 14 9
?
729
99
121
9
y
8.
7
1 2
( 1y) 2
Check:
15(9) 4 7
?
145 4 7
?
149 7
77
13. 7 15c 9
15c 2
( 15c) 2 22
5c 4
1y
5 116 9
?
549
99
15y 4 7
( 15y 4) 2 72
5y 4 49
5y 45
y9
Check:
16
12(72) 4 8
?
1144 4 8
?
12 4 8
88
11. 5 1x 9
1x 4
( 1x) 2 42
x 16
4
3
5.
14 2 0
?
220
00
744
215(5) 10
?
2125 10
?
2(5) 10
10 10
15.
144 21p
2111 21p
111 1p
( 111) 2 ( 1p) 2
11 p
144 2111
2111 2111
41x 5 15
Check:
16.
20.
1x 5
( 1x 5) 2
x5
x
Check:
225 ?

16
15 ?

4
1 2
15
15
15 15
17. 4 1x 3 9
1x 3 5
(1x 3) 2 52
x 3 25
x 28
22(2 13) 2 12 213
12(12) 12 213
12(12) 12 213
124 12 213
124 12 213
?
?
Check:
110(5) 5 315
110(5) 5 315
145 315
315 315
145 315
315 3 15
22a2 144 a
( 22a2 144) 2 a2
2a2 144 a2
a2 144
2a2 1144
a 12
?
22(12) 2 144 12
12(144) 144 12
1288 144 12
1144 12
12 12
2( 12) 2 16 2( 12) 512

?
12 16 212 512
?
118 212 512
?
312 212 512
512 512
2(12) 2 16 2(12) 5(12)

?
12 16 212 512
?
118 212 512
?
312 212 512
12 512

1144 12
112 213
213 213
22. 2b2 16 2b 5b
2b2 16 3b
( 2b2 16) 2 (3b) 2
b2 16 9b2
8b2 16
b2 2
2b2 12
b 12
210( 15) 2 5 315 210(15) 2 5 3(15)
1288 144 12
Since 213 does not satisfy the original

equation, 213 is the only solution.
210x2 5 3x
( 210x2 5) 2 (3x) 2
10x2 5 9x2
x2 5
2x2 15
x 15
12(144) 144 12
112 213
213 213
22(12) 2 144 12
22(213) 2 12 213

?
4 128 3 9
?
4 125 9
?
459
1 9
Check:
124 1 5
?
125 5
55
Check:
19.
21. 22x2 12 x
22x2 12 x2
2x2 12 x2
x2 12
2x2 112
x 213
Check:
5 15
Check:

the only solution.
43
18.
13(8) 1 8 3
13 1 2
?
14 2
2 2
1 2
305
16
13(1) 1 1 3
Check:
15
4
15 2
4
225
16
305
16
43
13y 1 y 3
( 13y 1) 2 (y 3) 2
3y 1 y2 6y 9
0 y2 9y 8
0 ( y 1) (y 8)
y 1 0 or y 8 0
y1
y8
?
?
?
?
12 12

745
Extra Practice
23. 1m 2 m 4
1m 2 4 m
( 1m 2) 2 (4 m) 2
m 2 16 8m m2
0 m2 9m 14
0 (m 2)(m 7)
m 2 0 or m 7 0
m2
m7
?
c2 a2 b2
( 1200) 2 a2 102
200 a2 100
100 a2
1100 2a2
10 a
The length of the leg is
5.
c2 a2 b2
(312) 2 32 b2
18 9 b2
9 b2
19 2b2
3 b
6.
c2 a2 b2
142 62 b2
196 36 b2
160 b2
1160 2b2
12.65 b
7.
c2 a2 b2
( 147) 2 ( 111) 2 b2
47 11 b2
36 b2
136 2b2
6 b
4.
12 2 2 4
17 2 7 4
?
?
14 2 4
19 7 4
?
?
224
374
44
10 4
the only solution.
24. 13 2c 3 2c
13 2c 2c 3
( 13 2c) 2 (2c 3) 2
3 2c 4c2 12c 9
0 4c2 10c 6
0 2(2c2 5c 3)
0 2(2c 3)(c 1)
2c 3 0 or c 1 0
2c 3
c1
Check:
c2
Check:
3 3 212 2 3 212 2
3
13 3 3 3
10 3 3
33
13 2(1) 3 2(1)
?
13 2 3 2
?
11 3 2
42

the only solution.
Page 845
3
2
is
about 12.65 units.
6 units.
b2

c2 ( 113) 2 b2
c2 13 36
c2 49
2c2 149
c 7
9.
c2 a2 b2
c2 ( 16) 2 32
c2 6 9
c2 15
2c2 115
c 3.87
1.
Extra Practice
a2
3 units.
8.
Lesson 11-4
c2 a2 b2
292 a2 202
841 a2 400
441 a2
1441 2a2
21 a
c2 a2 b2
2.
c2 72 242
c2 49 576
c2 625
2c2 1625
c 25
c2 a2 b2
3.
c2 22 62
c2 4 36
c2 40
2c2 140
c 6.32
c2
10 units.
10.
c2 a2 b2
102 a2 ( 175) 2
100 a2 75
25 a2
125 2a2
5 a
11.
746
c2 a2 b2
( 1130) 2 a2 92
130 a2 81
49 a2
149 2a2
7 a2
12.
13.
14.
15.
c2 a2 b2
152 92 b2
225 81 b2
144 b2
1144 2b2
12 b
3. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2
1
2
1
2(1 4) 2 (2 (2) ) 2
2(3) 2 42
19 16
125
5
4. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2
1
2
1
c2 a2 b2
112 a2 52
121 a2 25
96 a2
196 2a2
9.80 a
c2
a2
2[4 (2) ] 2 (2 4) 2

262 (6) 2
136 36
172
612 or about 8.49
5. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2
1
2
1
b2

c2 ( 133) 2 42
c2 33 16
c2 49
2c2 149
c 7
c2
a2
2(2 3) 2 (1 1) 2
2(5) 2 (2) 2
125 4
129 or about 5.39
6. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2
1
2
1
2[7 (2) ] 2 (8 4) 2
b2

52 b2
34 25 b2
9 b2
19 2b2
3 b
Yes; 142 482 502
No; 202 302 402
Yes; 212 722 752
Yes; 52 ( 1119) 2 122
Yes; 152 362 392
2
2
2
No; ( 15) 12 13
2
2
2
No; 10 ( 122) 12
292 (12) 2
181 144
1225
15
( 134) 2
7. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2
1
2
1
2[ 9 (5) ] 2 (6 0) 2
2(4) 2 62
116 36
152
2113 or about 7.21
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23. No; 22 32 42
2
2
2
24. Yes; ( 17) 8 ( 171)
Page 845
8. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2
1
2
1
2(5 5) 2 (13 (1) ) 2
202 142
1196
14
9. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
2(10 2) 2 [ 8 (3) ] 2
Lesson 11-5
282 112
164 121
1185 or about 13.60
1. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
2(2 4) 2 (10 2) 2
2(6) 2 82
136 64
1100
10
10. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2

2[2 (7) ] 2 (7 5) 2
292 (12) 2
181 144
1225
15
2. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
2(7 (5)) 2 (6 1) 2
2122 52
1144 25
1169
13
11. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2

2[ 5 (6) ] 2 [ 4 (2) ] 2
212 62
11 36
137 or about 6.08
747
Extra Practice
12. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2
1
2
1
20. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
2(3 8) 2 [ 2 (10) ] 2
2[3 (9) ] 2 (3 2) 2
2(5) 2 122
125 144
1169
13
2122 (5) 2
1144 25
1169
13
13. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2
1
2
1
2
2(7 4) [ 9 (3) ]
2
21. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2

2
2(512 312) 2 (9 7) 2
23 (6)
19 36
145
315 or about 6.71
2(212) 2 22
18 4
112
213 or about 3.46
14. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2
1
2
1
22. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
2(9 6) 2 (7 3) 2
232
2(10 6) 2 (0 3) 2
42

19 16
125
5
242 (3) 2
116 9
125
5
23. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
15. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2
1
2
1
2(5 3) 2 (5 6) 2
2(9 10) 2 (7 0) 2
2
222 (11) 2
14 121
1125
515 or about 11.18
2(1) 7
11 49
150
512 or about 7.07
24. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
16. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2
1
2
1
2(3 2) 2 (3 (1)) 2
2[5 (4) ] 2 (4 2) 2
2(5) 2 42
125 16
141 or about 6.40
292 22
181 4
185 or about 9.22
17. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
25.
d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
2 [3 (5) ] 2 (2 4) 2
5 2(a 0) 2 (3 0) 2
282 (6) 2
164 36
1100
10
5 2a2 32
(5) 2 ( 2a2 9) 2
25 a2 9
16 a2
116 2a2
4 a
18. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2

2(0 0) 2 [ 7 (9) ] 2
26.
202 162
1256
16
10 2(6 2) 2 (a (1) ) 2
10 2(8) 2 (a 1) 2
19. d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2

2 [8
292
(1) ] 2
(4
10 264 a2 2a 1
7) 2
102 ( 2a2 2a 65) 2

100 a2 2a 65
0 a2 2a 35
0 (a 7)(a 5)
a70
or a 5 0
a 7
a5
(3) 2

181 9
190
3110 or about 9.49
Extra Practice
d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
748
d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
27.
6.
161 2(a 1) 2 (6 0) 2
161 2a2 2a 1 62
( 161) 2 ( 2a2 2a 37) 2
61 a2 2a 37
0 a2 2a 24
0 (a 6)(a 4)
a 6 0 or a 4 0
a6
a 4
185 2(5
(2)) 2
(10
1274 2(0 15) (4 a)
AC
DF
18
e
8.
AB
DE
c
17.5
AC
DF
b
11
BC
EF
9.
1.7
8.5
10.
1274 2(15) 2 16 8a a2
d 2(x2 x1 ) (y2 y1 )
15
d
AB
DE
20
10
AC
DF
5.6
7
1.7
BC
EF
4
d
5.6d 28
d5
AB
DE
7.2
f
8.5
BC
EF
80
100
AC
DF
5.6
7
5.6f 50.4
f9
AC
DF
b
125
100b 10,000
b 100
( 1274) 2 ( 2225 16 8a a2 ) 2
274 a2 8a 241
0 a2 8a 33
0 (a 11)(a 3)
or a 3 0
a 11 0
a 11
a 3
2
BC
EF
8.5b 18.7
b 2.2
BC
EF
20e 180
e9
8.5c 29.75
c 3.5
d 2(x2 x1 ) (y2 y1 )
2
AB
DE
20
10
20d 150
d 7.5
1
93
BC
EF
6
4.5
4.5c 45
c 10
a) 2
30.
7.
4.5
b
AB
DE
c
7.5
185 272 100 20a a2

( 185) 2 ( 2149 20a a2 ) 2
85 a2 20a 149
0 a2 20a 64
0 (a 4)(a 16)
a 4 0 or a 16 0
a4
a 16
29.
BC
EF
4.5b 42
d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
28.
AC
DF
b
7
BC
EF
80
100
AB
DE
c
218.75
100c 17,500
c 175
1136 2(a 3) 2 (9 3) 2
Page 846
1136 2a2 6a 9 62
2
( 1136) ( 2a 6a 9 36)
136 a2 6a 45
0 a2 6a 91
0 (a 7)(a 13)
a70
or a 13 0
a 7
a 13
Lesson 11-7
1. sin N
opposite leg
hypotenuse
36
39
0.9231
cos N
adjacent leg
hypotenuse
15
39
0.3846
Page 845
tan N
Lesson 11-6
1. No; corresponding angles do not have equal

measures.
2. Yes; corresponding angles have equal measures.
3. Yes; corresponding angles have equal measures.
4.
AB
DE
7
f

BC
EF
5
10
5f 70
f 14
AC
DE
8
e

BC
EF
5
10
5e 80
e 16
5.
AB
DE
4
f

2.4
3. sin N
BC
EF
2
3

opposite leg
hypotenuse
14
50
0.28
cos N
adjacent leg
hypotenuse
48
50
0.96
opposite leg
tan N adjacent leg

14
48
0.2917
opposite leg
hypotenuse
40
50
0.8
adjacent leg
cos N hypotenuse
2f 12
f6
AC
DF
3
e
opposite leg
adjacent leg
36
15
2. sin N
30
50
BC
EF
2
3
0.6
opposite leg
tan N adjacent leg
2e 9
e 4.5
40
30
1.3333
4. cos 25 0.9063
6. sin 71 0.9455
749
5. tan 31 0.6009
7. cos 64 0.4384
Extra Practice
PQ249-6481F-P27-28[750-765] 26/9/02 8:58 PM Page 750 Sahuja 79:PQ249:PQ249J:PQ249J-ch15-28-Repro:
8. tan 9 0.1584
10. tan B 0.5427
B tan1 (0.5427)
28
11. cos A 0.8480
A cos1 (0.8480)
32
12. sin J 0.9654
J sin1 (0.9654)
75
13. cos Q 0.3645
Q cos1 (0.3645)
69
14. sin R 0.2104
R sin1 (0.2104)
12
15. tan V 11.4301
V tan1 (11.4301)
85
16. 180 90 60 30
9. sin 2 0.0349
Page 846
1.
Lesson 12-1
xy k
(7.5)(10) k
75 k
y
75
x
5
15
x
y
3
25
1
75
1
75
1
15
3
5
1
12
1
12
3
25
5
15
2
6
3
4
y
50
2
50
2.
xy k
(3)(5) k
15 k
y
3
5
x
y
15
tan 60 BC
BC(1.7321) 15
BC 8.7 cm
15
sin 60 AB
15
AB(0.8660) 15
AB 17.3 cm
17. 180 90 55 35
The measure of Z is 35.
15
x
1
15
y
5
2
x
O
15
21
sin 55 XZ
XZ(0.8192) 21
XZ 25.6 ft
3.
21
tan 55 XY
y
XY(1.4281) 21
XY 14.7 ft
18.
12
2
6
4
2
16
8
M tan1 (2)
63
180 90 63 27
The measure of L is 27.
Extra Practice
12
x
3
4
x
y
c2 a2 b2
LM 2 162 82
LM 2 256 64
LM 2 320
2LM 2 1320
LM 17.0 m
tan M
xy k
(2)(6) k
12 k
4
12
750
4.
xy k
(0.5) (1) k
0.5 k
y
x
y
9.
y
0.5
x
1
0.5
9
0.5
1
1.0
0.5
1
1
0.5
x
12.
x1y1 x2 y2
113 2 (27) x2 y2
y
y
y 6
13.
xy k
(3)(2.5) k
7.5 k
y
x
y
7.5
x
3
2.5
15
y
1.5
5
1
7.5
1
7.5
1.5
3
5 2.5
15.
y
15
6.
Page 846
x
y
2
x
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
2x
2
4
7.
x1y1 x2 y2
(4) (54) x2 y2
y
27
x
216
x
216
x
216
27
4
16.
18.75
x
18.75
2.5
x 2.25
x1y1 x2 y2
(3.2)(0.4) x2 y2
y
0.2
8.
x1y1 x2 y2
(6)(18) x2 y2
y
12
1.28
x
1.28
x
x 6.4
Lesson 12-2
3. Exclude the values for which c2 4 0.

(c 2)(c 2) 0
or c 2 0
c20
c 2
c2
4. Exclude the values for which b2 8b 15 0.
(b 5)(b 3) 0
b 5 0 or b 3 0
b5
b3
y
4
9
x
9
x
1. Exclude the values for which x 1 0.

x10
x 1
2. Exclude the values for which n 0.
n0
xy k
(1)(2) k
2k
y
3
4
x1y1 x2 y2
(3) (3) x2 y2
y 7.5
y
y 12
x1y1 x2 y2
(2.5)(7.5) x2 y2
14.
24
x
24
2
y
5
2
x1y1 x2 y2
(8)(3) x2 y2
y
9
x
y 12
1.0
5.
64
x
64
16
y
y4
24
4
y
0.5
x1y1 x2 y2
(8) (8) x2 y2
y
(8)(3) x2 y2
24
y x
x
1
10.
288
x
288
x
288
9
x 32
x1y1 x2 y2
11.
0.5
2
x1y1 x2 y2
(24) (12) x2 y2
5.
13a
39a2
13a
(13a) (3a)
13a
(13a ) (3a)
2x (21y)
21y
108
x
108
x
3a
x9
a0
x8
751
38x2
42xy
6.
2x(19x)
2x(21y)
1
2x (19x)
1
19x
x 0 and y 0
Extra Practice
p 5
2( p 5)
7.
13.
p 5
5)
2(p
r1
8.
14.
a b
(a b) (a b)
a b
(a b ) (a b)
1
ab
2
15.
Exclude the values for which a b 0.

(a b)(a b) 0
or a b 0
ab0
a b
ab
a b
y 4
y2 16
y 4
(y 4) (y 4)
y 4
(y 4 ) (y 4)
4t2 8
4t 4
4(t2 2)
4(t 1)
t2 2
t 1
Exclude the values for which 4t 4 0.

4t 4 0
4t 4
t1
t1
9.
6y3 12y2
12y2 18
12y2 18 0
6(2y2 3) 0
2y2 3 0
2y2 3
3
y2 2
3
1
4
y 3 2
Exclude the values for which y2 16 0.

( y 4)(y 4) 0
or y 4 0
y40
y 4
y4
y 4
c2 4
c2 4c 4
(c 2) (c 2)
(c 2) (c 2)
(c 2 ) (c 2)
(c 2 ) (c 2)
c 2
c 2
y
16.
Exclude the values for which c2 4c 4 0.

(c 2)(c 2) 0
c20
c 2
c 2
a a
a 1
a(a 1)
a 1
a(a 1 )
a 1
Page 847
1.
a2b
b2c
a2bc
a2 b
bbd
a2
bd
a
Exclude the values for which a 1 0.
a1
12.
Lesson 12-3
d b2cd
x2 4
x4 16
2.
6a2n
8n2
12n
9a
3234aann
2433nna
a
x2 4
(x2 4) (x2 4)
3.
2a d
3bc
9b c
16ad2
x2 4
(x2 4 ) (x2 4)
1
x2 4
4.
10n3
6x3
5.
120n5x4
5
6m3n
10a2
4a2m
9n3

752
3ab
8d
4
12n2x4
(x2 4)(x2 4) 0
x2 4 0
x2 4 0
2
x 4
x2 4
x 2
not possible
x 2
2aad9bbc
3 b c 16 a d d
25n2x2 150n2x5
Exclude the values for which x4 16 0.
Extra Practice
5(x2 2x 1)
1)
5
3
3(x2 2x

3x2 6x 3 0
x2 2x 1 0
(x 1) 2 0
x 1
x 1
11.
16
2
5x2 10x 5
3x2 6x 3
16
2
y
y2 (y 2)
2y2 3
Exclude the values for which 12y2 18 0.
10.
6y2 (y 2)
6(2y2 3)
y
r2 (r 1)
r 1
r2
1
2
2( p 5) 0
p50
p 5
p 5.
a b
a2 b2
r3 r2
r 1
4n3
5x
24a2m4n
90a2n3
4m4
15n2
6.
7.
8.
(a 5) (a 1) (a 7) (a 6)
a

a
(a 1) (a 7) (a 8) (a 5)
x 1
x 2

(x
(x 2) (x 3) (x 3) (x 1)
5n 5
3
n
9
1
5(n 1)
3
n
6
8
1
3) 2
4.
9.
a
a b
3a 3b
a
x2y
6
9
1
12z2
x4
p2
14qr3
2r2p
7q
2(a 2b)
5
25
6a 8b
4r5
11.
12.
3
x y
x 5
3x
(x y) 2
6
12x
10
x 5
3x
1
(x
5e f
5e f
7.
t2 2t 15
t 5
12x
5) (x 2)
8.
4x
2
x
13.
a2 b2
4
a b
14.
4a 8
a2 25
a 5
5a 10
15.
r2
r s
16
(a b) (a b)
4
a
16
b
4a 4b
6.
x y
2
x2 7x
25
2(3a 4b)
5a 10b
3a 4b

1
r2 s2
s2
10.
4(a 2)
a 5

(a 5) (a 5) 5(a 2)
4
5a 25
r2
(r s) (r s)

r s
s2
r3 r2s
s2
a2 b2
7
(a b) (a b)
a b
a b
a b
a
17.
x2 3x 2
x2 7x 6
12.
7
b
(x 9) (x 1)
(x 9) (x 2)
(x 2) (x 1)
6) (x 1)
(x
x 1
6
x
18.
x2 6x 5
x2 7x 12
Page 847
1.
5m2n
12a2
x2 14x 40
x2 5x 50
13.
(x 5) (x 1)
(x 4) (x 3)
x 1
x 3
(x 4) (x 10)
(x 10) (x 5)
Lesson 12-4
30m4
18an
5m2n
12a2
2
14.
31
18an
30m4
6
ammnn
4aammmm
15.
n2
4am2
2.
25g7h
28t3
5g5h2
42s2t3
63
25g7h
28t3
4
16.
15g7hs2t3
2g5h2t3
15g2s2
2h
5
3.
6a 4b
36
3a 2b
45
2(3a 2b)
36
5
2
18
t5
5x 10
(x 2)
x 2
5(x 2)
1
x 2 x 2
5
x2
3v2 27
v 3
v2
15v
3(v2 9)
v2
15v v 3
9.
11.
(v 3) (v 3) v2
5v (v 3)
v(v 3)

5
b2 9
(b 3)
4b
(b 3) (b 3)
1

b 3
4b
b 3
4b
p
p2
2y
y2 4
p2
2 y
(y 2) (y 2) p
p2
1(y 2)
(y 2) (y 2)
p
p
y2
k2 81
k 9
k6
k2 36
(k 9) (k 9) k 6
(k 6) (k 6) k 9
k 9
k6
2a3
a2
a1
a 1
2a3
a 1
a 1 a2
9
3
3d
2d 3
d(2d 3) 9
3
1
3
g 5
3g2 15g
g2
4
3g(g 5)
g2

g 5
4
3d
2d2 3d
2d
3g3
4
2a
42
5g5h2
7
x2 10x 9
x2 11x 18
5e f
1

f 25e2 f 2
5e f
1
5e f (5e f ) (5e f )
1
(5e f ) 2
t 3
(t 5) (t 3) t 5

t 3
t 5
t 5
(25e2 f 2 ) 5e
16.
7q
p2
2a 4b
5
p2
14qr3 2r2p
4r5p
3a
10.
3x2
18z 2yz
x4y
3(a b)

a
a
a b
2yz
3x2
12yz2
5.
2
15
2
x2y
18z
45
3a 2b
753
7
x2 16
x
16 x2
(x 4) (x 4) x
(x2 16) 7
(x 4) (x 4)
x
(x 4) (x 4) 7
x
1 7
x
7
Extra Practice
17.
18.
y
5
y2 25
5 y
y
5 y
5 y2 25
y
1(y 5)
5 (y 5) (y 5)
y
5(y 5)
y
5y 25
3m
m 1
t6
8.
3m
(2r2
3r 35)
(2r 7)
9.
1
2
12n2 36n 15
6n 3
20.
21.
a2 3a 10
a2 3a 10
a2 2a 3
a2 3a 2
(a 5) (a 2) (a 3) (a 1)
(a 2) (a 1) (a 5) (a 2)
a 3
a2
x2 x 2
x2 6x 8
x2 x 12
x2 4x 3
(x 2) (x 1) (x 4) (x 3)
(x 3) (x 1) (x 4) (x 2)
1
Lesson 12-5
x 7 2x
1. 2x 32x2 11x 20
() 2x2 3x
14x 20
() 14x 21
1
1
3
x2 2x 35
x 7
(x 7) (x 5)
x 7
c2 6c 27
c 9
(c 9) (c 3)
c 9
c3
y 13
2 6y 25
y

7y
6.
() y2 7y
13y 25
() 13y 91
66
Extra Practice
4
2
4b2 b b 2
16. b 24b3 7b2 2b 4
() 4b3 8b2
b2 2b
() b2 2b
04
x5
5. (c 6c 27)
(c 9)
(2m 3) (2m 5)

2m 3
2m 5
3c 2 9c
2
15. 9c 227c 24c 8
() 27c2 6c
18c 8
() 18c 4
4
m2 4m 5
m 5
(m 5) (m 1)
m 5
m1
4m2 4m 15
2m 3
3. (m2 4m 5)
(m 5)
13.
(5x 7) (2x 3)
3t2 2t 3 2t 3
3
14. 2t 36t 5t2 0t 12
() 6t3 9t2
4t2 0t
() 4t2 6t
6t 12
() 6t 9
3
a 7
2. a 3a2 10a 21
() a2 3a
7a 21
() 7a 21
0
4. (x2 2x 35)
(x 7)
10.
10x2 29x 21
5x 7

5x 7
2x 3
t2 4t 1
11. 4t 14t3 17t2 0t 1
() 4t3 t2
16t2 0t
() 16t2 4t
4t 1
() 4t 1
0
2a2 3a 4
12. a 32a3 9a2 5a 12
() 2a3 6a2
3a2 5a
() 3a2 9a
4a 12
() 4a 12
0
m2 6m 16
2m 16
m2 m 6
m 2
2(m 8) (m 3) (m 2)
m 2 (m 8) (m 2)
2m 6
m2
Page 847
(6n 3) (2n 5)
6n 3
2n 5
3m
m2 m 2
19.
2r2 3r 35
2r 7
(2r 7) (r 5)
2r 7
r5
(m 2)
m 1m
3t2 14t 24
3t 4
(3t 4) (t 6)
3t 4
7. (3t2 14t 24)

(3t 4)
66
y 7
754
17. t
t2 4t 3 t
19t 9
4t3 0t2
() t3 4t2
3
4
12.
18. 3x

6y
y
6x 6y
x y
6(x y)
x y
6(x y)
x y
1
6
13.
3x2 2x 2 3x
0x2
6x2
x
4t2 19t
() 4t2 16t
3t 9
() 3t 12
3
29x3
() 9x3
6x
x y
5x
24
3x
24
6
2
5x 3x
24
2x
24
1
2x 10
2x
24
12
6x2 2x
() 6x2 4x
6x 10
() 6x 4
6
12
14.
7p
3
8p
3

7p 8p
3
p
3
15.
8k
5m
3k
5m
8k 3k
5m
5k
5m
k
m
Page 848
1.
4
z
16.
Lesson 12-6
3
z
4 3
z
7
z

2.
a
12
2a
12

a 2a
12
3a
12
17.
7
2t

5 7
2t
2
2t
4.
y
2
18.
a
4
y y
2
2y
2
2
6.
y
2
2
x

y 6
2
20.

2a
2a 5
1
4z 1
2a
7.
x
x 1
1
x 1

x
x
x
x

1
1
1
1
22.
8.

2n
2n
2n
2n
2n
2n
3a
a 2
n
n 1
3a
2
a
1
1
n
5
5
5
5

23.
5
(2n 5)
5
2n 5
x y
2 y
x y
2
y
10.
r2
r s
11.
12n
3n 2
r
s2
s
3n

r2 s2
r s
8
2
7
7
a 7
a7
1
24.
2a
6a 3
3
(1)
6a
2a
2a
6a 3 3 6a
6a 3 6a 3
2a 1
6a 3
x y
2
y
2a 1
3(2a 1)
1
2a 1
3(2a 1 )
12n 8
3n 2
4(3n 2)
3n 2
4(3n 2)
3n 2
(7)
7aa77a
a7a
y x
2
2y
y 2
y
a
a 7
n
1
n1
1
n (1)
n 1
n 1
n 1
n
1
0
2n 5
5
2n
9.
1 4z
(4z)
5
5 2n
2a
4z 1 4z 1
1
y3
2n
2n 5
2a 5
5
5
5
4z 1
21.
y (y 6)
2
2y 6
2
2(y 3)
2
a 2 a 3
6
1
6
4z 1
1
b 2
x
a 3
6
y
b
x
t
5.
19.
2y
2
a 2
6
21
2t
y 2y
b 6
y
b 6
2y
b6

5
2t
y
b 6
3a
12
4
3.
8 6
m2m2
m2
8
m 2
3
4
755
Extra Practice
Page 848
11. 3t 2 3t 2
t2 4 (t 2)(t 2)
LCD (3t 2)(t 2) (t 2)
Lesson 12-7
27a2bc
333aabc
36ab2c2 2 2 3 3 a b b c c
LCM 2 2 3 3 3 a a b b c c 108a2b2c2
2. 3m 1 3m 1
6m 2 2(3m 1)
LCM 2(3m 1) 6m 2
1.
t 2
3t 2
t2 4
3t 2
(3t 2) (t 2) (t 2)
(t 2) (3t 2)
(3t 2) (t 2) (t 2) (3t 2) (t 2) (t 2)
(t 2) [ (3t 2) (t 2) (3t 2) ]

(3t 2) (t 2) (t 2)
(3t 2) (t 2) 3t 2

(3t 2) (t 2)
3t2 6t 2t 4 3t 2

3t2 6t 2t 4
3t2 t 6
3t2 8t 4
3. x2 2x 1 (x 1) (x 1)
x2 2x 3 (x 3) (x 1)
LCM (x 1) (x 1) (x 3) (x 1) 2 (x 3)
4. LCD 21
s
3
2s
7

7(s)
3(2s)
21
21
7s 6s
21
13s
21
12. a 5 a 5
a2 5a a(a 5)
LCD a(a 5) or a2 5a
3
a 5
5. 2a 2a
6a 3(2a)
LCD 3(2a) or 6a
5
2a
3
6a
3(5)
3(2a)
6

2n
5
3
6a
15 3
6a
12
2
or a
6a
3m
4
15
7
10x2

14. 7w 7 w w
ww
LCD 7 w w or 7w2
3z
7w2

t 3
s

2b
s
t2
a
3
3
a
a2 4

Extra Practice
4(a 2)
a2 4
a (4a 8)
a2 4
3a 8
a2 4
a
a 2 a2 4

17. m n m n
mm
LCD m(m n)
a(2b 3a)
b(a b)
3a2 ab 2b2
2b2
2ab 3a2 ab b2
3a2 ab 2b2
3a2 3ab b2
3a2 ab 2b2
m
m n
m(m)
5(m n)
m m(m n) m(m n)

m2 (5m 5n)
m(m n)
m2 5m 5n
m(m n)
18. y 5 y 5
y2 25 (y 5)(y 5)
LCD (y 5)(y 5) or y2 25
4a
3(2)
2a 6
6
4a 6
2a 6
2(2a 3)
2(a 3)
2a 3
a 3
2a
3(s)
t(r)
3t2
3t2
3s rt
3t2
16. a 4 (a 2)(a 2)
a2a2
LCD (a 2)(a 2) or a2 4
10. 2a 6 2(a 3)
a3a3
LCD 2(a 3) or 2a 6
4a
2a 6
3t
3a2 ab
7w(2z)
7w2
3z 14wz
7w2
2(s)
t(t 3)
st
st
2
2s t 3t
st
b
3a
3z
7w2
15. t t t
3t 3 t
LCD 3 t t 3t2
9. a b a b
2b 3a 2b 3a
LCD (a b)(2b 3a)
2ab 3a2 2b2 3ab
3a2 ab 2b2
a
a b
2z
w
8. LCD st
2
t
2x(6)
7
10x2
10x2
12x 7
10x2
5(z)
6(x)
xyz
xyz
5z 6x
xyz
yz
4(2n)
5(3m)
20
20
8n 15m
20

7. LCD xyz
5
xy
3a 6
a2 5a
6. 5x 5x
10x2 2 5 x x
LCD 2 5 x x or 10x2
6
5x
6
13. LCD 20
3
6a
6a
3(a)
a2 5a a2 5a a2 5a
y 5
y 5
2y
y2 25

756
(y 5) (y 5)
2y
y2 25
y2 25
y2 10y 25 2y
y2 25
y2 8y 25
y2 25
19. t2 100 (t 10)(t 10)

10 t 1(t 10)
LCD 1(t 10)(t 10)
t 10
t2 100
10
1
t
10.
1(t 10)
10) (t 10)
1(t
x 3
x 1
x2
y2
t 10
10) (t 10)
1(t
t 10 t 10
10) (t 10)
x 3 y2

1 x2
y2 (x 3)
x2 (x 1)
1(2t 20)
1(t 10) (t 10)
t
y2
x
1(t
x2
x 3
1
x
11.
2
10
y
3
2y 5
6
2y 5
y
2y 5
6
2y 5
6
6
2
20. a2 3a 10 (a 5)(a 2)
a2 4a 12 (a 6)(a 2)
LCD (a 2)(a 5)(a 6)
5
y
2a2 6a 12a 36 (3a2 5a 15a 25)

(a 2) (a 5) (a 6)
2a2 18a 36 3a2 10a 25

(a 2) (a 5) (a 6)
a2 8a 61
(a 2) (a 5) (a 6)
1. 4

5
2. 8 3t

3.
b 1
2b
12.
1
x
1
y

1
y
1
x
y x
xy
x y
xy
y x
xy
x y
xy
y x
xy
x
xy
y
y x
x y
4x
2
x
x
4x 2
x

4. 3z
z 2
z

5.
2
a 2
7.
44

t2
3z2
z 2
z
z
3z2 z 2
z
14.
aa1
3
aa2
7
2
19
4
7
19
4
2
Page 849
1.
14
19
x2
y
x3
x2
y
x5
y2
x3
y
a2 (a 2)
a 2
2 a3 2a2

a 2
a3 2a 2

a 2
4
3r2 (2r 1)
4

2r 1
2r 1
2r 1
6r3 3r 4
2r 1
9.
t 2
t 3
t
t3
2 19
8.
t2
t 2
3
t 3
2t 2
t2
(t 2) (t 2)
(t 2) (t 3)
t2
t
b 1
3b 2b
2b
2b
6b2 b 1
2b
x2
y
y
x3
t2 4
t2 5t 6
a2 a 2
6. 3r2
32
13.
8 3t
5
3t
3t
24t 5
3t
3b
Lesson 12-8
2y 5
6
2
x
2y 5
y
3a 5
2a 6
a2 4a 12
a2 3a 10
(a 6) (2a 6)
(a 5) (3a 5)
(a 2) (a 5) (a 6) (a 2) (a 5) (a 6)
Page 848
t4
u
t3
u2
t4
u
t3
u2
3.
1
t
u
1
tu
u
t3
a(a 1) 2
a 1
a(a 2) 3
a 2
a2 a 2
a 1
a2 2a 3
a 2
a2 a 2
a2 2a 3
a 1
a 2
a2 a 2
a 1
(a2 a 2) (a 2)
(a 1) (a2 2a 3)
Lesson 12-9
k
2k
3
6
k
2k
3
6
5
2
5
2
2 1 26
2.
4.
70
k 4k 15
5k 15
k 3
18
b
18
b
b3
1 21
3
b
3b
18 3 3b
15 3b
5b
757
a 2
3
a2 2a
2x
27
10
7
2x
27
10
7
4x
5
4x
5
2 1 270
20x 189 56x

189 36x
5.25 x
10x
3
7
2x
5x
3
7
2x
5x
1
2 10x(1)
6 35 10x
41 10x
41
x
10
Extra Practice
5.
6
2a 3
6
2a 3
6
2a
3
2 61
2
2a
3
1
2
2a 3 4a 3
6 2a
3 a
7.
14
2b 3
b
2
7
2b 3
b
2
7
b 3
14
b 3
14 14
2(2b 3) 7b b 3
4b 6 7b b 3
3b 6 b 3
9 4b
8.
5(y 4)
x 3
x
4x 5
x
5
13.
5
4x 5 5x
5x
2 1
9
4
3x 2
x
6.
(x 3)
t(t 3)
3
15.
2
2 t(t 3) (2)
x(x 1)
5x
1
x
x 1
5x
1
x
x 1
(r 2)(r 9)
(3x 10) (x 5)
(m 1) (m 1)
2x
x 5
2
2 (3x 10)(x 5) (2)
5x 100 0
x2 x 20 0
(x 5)(x 4) 0
x 5 or x 4
2a 3
a 3
17.
(a 2) (a 3)
12
2a2
12aa 33 22 (a 2)(a 3) 1a 12 2 2
2a2 4a 3a 6 2a2 6a 4a 12 12a 36
6
3a 6 12a 36
42 9a
5
1
5
m 1
18.
(z 1) (z 3)
1
2 (m 1) (m 1) (1)
m
z 3
z 1
z 3
z 1
z 1
z 3
z 1
z 3
42
9
a
14
3
a
2
2 2(z 1) (z 3)
(z 3) (z 3) (z 1)(z 1) (2z 2) (z 3)
z2 9 z2 1 2z2 6z 2z 6
2z2 10 2z2 8z 6
8z 16
z2
m(m 1) 5(m 1) m2 1
m2 m 5m 5 m2 1
4m 5 1
4m 6
Extra Practice
2x
5
11x2 45x 6x2 50x 100
2 (r 2) (r 9)6
5x
3x 10
x
(a 2) (2a 3) 2(a 2) (a 3) (a 3)12
r 2
2r
r9
r 2
r 2
2r
r9
r 2
m
m 1
5x
3x 10
5x2
x
m
5x2 25x 6x2 20x 6x2 30x 20x 100
5
m
m 1
3 2
5x(x 5) 2x(3x 10) (6x 20)(x 5)
(r 9) (r 2) 2r(r 2) 6(r2 11r 18)

r2 7r 18 2r2 4r 6r2 66r 108
r2 3r 18 6r2 66r 108
0 7r2 63r 126
0 r2 9r 18
0 (r 6) (r 3)
r 6 or r 3
12.
16.
x(5x) x 1 5x(x 1)
5x2 x 1 5x2 5x
x 1 5x
1 4x
11.
1b 14 6 2 2(b 6)(b 8) 112 b 6 8 2
a
4a 15
2 x(x 1)(5)
1
4
2b8
(4a 15) 4a 15 3 (4a 15)(2)

a 3(4a 15) 8a 30
a 12a 45 8a 30
11a 45 8a 30
15 3a
5 a
t(2t) 3(t 3) 2t(t 3)

2t2 3t 9 2t2 6t
3t 9 6t
9 3t
3t
10.
14
b 6
2(b 8) (14) (b 6) (b 8) 2(b 6)(6)

28(b 8) b2 14b 48 12(b 6)
28b 224 b2 14b 48 12b 72
28b 224 b2 2b 24
0 b2 30b 200
0 (b 10)(b 20)
b 10 or b 20
2 5(y 4)(3)
2t
3
t
t 3
2t
3
t
t 3
12
2x 4x 12x 36
6x 12x 36
6x 36
x6
2(b 6) (b 8)
10y 3(y 4) 15( y 4)

10y 3y 12 15y 60
7y 12 15y 60
72 8y
9y
9.
12
2 12(x 3)
14.
b
2y
3
5
y 4
2y
3
5
y 4
2x
4x
3x
x 3
2x
4x
x3
x 3
2x
4x
x3
x 3
3
2
758
Page 849
4. The matrix has 1 row and 1 column. Therefore, it

is a 1 by 1 matrix.
5. Matrices A and B have different dimensions;
therefore, it is impossible to add them.
2 4
1 0
6. A C c
d c
d
3
5
0 1
Lesson 13-1
1. The sample is 10 dogs from a county. The

population is all dogs from a county. The sample
is biased because not every dog in the county has
an equal chance of being selected. Since the
sheriff checked the first ten dogs near his office,
the sample is a convenience sample.
2. The sample is 25 students. The population is all
students at the school. The sample is biased, since
the students are self-selecting. The sample is a
voluntary response sample, since the students
respond to the school bulletin.
3. The sample is ice cream cones made during three
shifts. The population is all ice cream cones made
during three shifts. The sample is unbiased since
every ice cream cone has an equal chance of being
selected. The sample is a systematic random
sample since every tenth cone is selected for
weighing.
4. The sample is cars from an assembly line. The
population is all cars from an assembly line. The
sample is unbiased since every car is equally
likely to be selected. Since the cars are identified
by the day of the week, the sample is a stratified
random sample.
5. The sample is people who return the survey. The
population is all people entering the department
store. The sample is biased since the respondents
are self-selecting. Since people can decide
whether to return the survey, the sample is a
voluntary response sample.
6. The sample is some residents in a community.
The population is all residents of the community.
The sample is unbiased since every resident is
equally likely to be selected. The sample is a
systematic random sample since every twentieth
person is surveyed.
7. The sample is malformed frogs identified by
residents and reported. The population is all
malformed frogs in the states lakes. The sample
is biased, since not every frog has an equal chance
of being selected. The sample is a voluntary
response sample, since residents choose to report
sightings of malformed frogs.
8. The sample is 10 cartons of strawberries. The
population is all cartons of strawberries in the
store. The sample is biased since not every carton
of strawberries has an equal chance of being
selected. Since the top ten cartons of strawberries
were taken from the shelf, the sample is a
convenience sample.
Page 849
c
2 1 4 0
d
3 0
51
c
3 4
d
3
6
1 1
4
5 1 4
d c
d
0
3 2
3 0
2
7. B D c
c
1 (5)
0 (3)
c
4 0 0
d
3 3 0
5 1 4
1 1
4
d c
d
3 0
2
0
3 2
8. D B c
c
5 1 1 (1)
4 4
d
3 0
0 3 2 (2)
c
6
2 8
d
3 3
4
9. 2B 2 c
1
3
1
0
2(1)
2(0)
c
2 2
8
d
0
6 4
3(0)
d
3(1)
c
3(1)
3(0)
c
3 0
d
0 3
2 4
1 0
d c
d
3
5
0 1
c
2 1 4 0
d
3 0
51
c
1 4
d
3
4
12. 5c 5 c
1 0
d
0 1
c
5(1)
5(0)
c
5
0
d
0 5
13. 2A C 2 c
759
2(4)
d
2(2)
2(1)
2(3)
1 0
d
0 1
11. A C c
1. The matrix has 1 row and 4 columns. Therefore,

it is a 1 by 4 matrix.
2. The matrix has 2 rows and 2 columns. Therefore,
3. The matrix has 3 rows and 3 columns. Therefore,
4
d
2
c
10. 3c 3 c
Lesson 13-2
1 1 4 (4)
d
30
2 2
5(0)
d
5(1)
2 4
1 0
d c
d
3
5
0 1
2(4)
1 0
d c
d
2(5)
0 1
c
2(2)
2(3)
c
4 1 8 0
d
6 0 10 1
c
5 8
d
6 11
Extra Practice
5
3
1 4
1 1
4
d c
d
0
2
0
3 2
5. Sample answer:
3(5)
3(3)
c
15 1 3 (1) 12 4

d
9 0
0 3 6 (2)
c
16
9
3(1)
3(0)
Number of Defective
Light Bulbs Per Shift
3(4)
1 1
4
d c
d
3(2)
0
3 2
c
Frequency
14. 3D B 3 c
4 16
d
3
8
15. Matrices B and C have different dimensions,

therefore, it is impossible to add them.
1 0
2 4
16. 2C 3A 2 c
d 3c
d
0 1
3
5
2(1)
c
2(0)
2(0)
3(2)
d c
2(1)
3(3)
26
c
0 (9)
10
8
6
4
2
0
02
35
68
911
1214
Number of Bulbs
3(4)
d
3(5)
Page 850
0 (12)
d
2 15
Lesson 13-4

10 33 34 37 43 45 45 50
The range is 5610 or 46.
The median is the middle value, or 43.
8 12
c
d
9
17
56
33 34
or 33.5.
2
45 50
is
or 47.5.
2
Page 850
Lesson 13-3
The upper quartile
1. The data set has a total of 2 6 1 2 0.5

11.5 values, so the median is the average of the
sixth and seventh values. Both values occur in
the range 10001500, so the median occurs in
that range as well. The data appears to be skewed
to the left.
2. The data set has 2 4 7 5 14 11 4
4 51 values, so the median is the 26th value.
The median occurs in the range 7075. About half
of the data lie in the 7080 percent range.
3. Sample answer:
The interquartile range is 47.5 33.5 or 14.

The outliers would be less than 33.5 1.5(14) or
12.5 or greater than 47.5 1.5(14) or 68.5. Since
10 12.5, 10 is the only outlier.
65 65 68 77 78 84 84 95 96 99
The median is
Frequency
Prices of Notebooks
2
1
0
2741
4256
5771
7286
87101
The median is
Price in Cents
The
4. Sample answer:
The
Frequency
Number of Fish in Each Tank
4
2
0
916
1724
2532
3340
4148
4956
Number of Fish
Extra Practice
60 70
2
or 65.
40 50
lower quartile is
or 45.
2
80 90
or 85.
upper quartile is
2

15 or greater than 85 1.5(40) or 145. There
are no outliers.
1 1.3 2.4 3 3.7 4 5.2 6 7.1 8 9
The upper quartile is 7.1.
The outliers would be less than 2.4 1.5(4.7) or
4.65 or greater than 7.1 1.5(4.7) or 14.15.
14
12
10
8
6
18
or 81.

27.5 or greater than 95 1.5(27) or 135.5. There
are no outliers.
30
40
50 60
70
80
90 100
5
4
3
1226
78 84
2
760

0 4 13 25 29 31 37 44 56 66 73
51.5 or greater than 56 1.5(43) or 120.5.
112 234 268 369 400 406 527 648 775
1.2
Q1
234 268
or 251.
2
527 648
or 587.5.
is
2
55
49 55
2
3.2
1.7 1.8
2
1.75 Q2
3.5
4.2
5.5
2.2 2.6
2
2.4 Q3
3.2 3.5
2
3.35
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
55
c
Q
3.0
35 35

A: 21 24 27 34 40 46 50 58 61 67 70 72
c
c
c
Q1
59
c
52 Q
2
55 59
2
63
27 34
2
Q1
69
69
69
69 69
2
46 50
2
48 Q3
61 67
2
76.5 Q3
81 82
2
64
69 72
2
70.5 Q2
75 78
2
81.5
The interquartile range for set B is 81.5 70.5

11. Check to see if there are any outliers.
70.5 1.5(11) 54
81.5 1.5(11) 98
89
c
57 Q3
30.5 Q2
The interquartile range for set A is 64 30.5

33.5. Check to see if there are any outliers.
30.5 1.5(33.5) 19.75 64 1.5(33.5) 114.25
Order the set from least to greatest.
B: 67 69 69 72 74 75 78 79 81 82 83 83
c
c
c

55
2.6
Q1
Q2
35 Q3
2
The interquartile range is 52 22 or 30. Check
22 1.5(30) 23
52 1.5(30) 97
There is one outlier, 99.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
49
2.2

15 15 18 22 25 25 35 35 37 50 52 65 69 99
c
c
c
Lesson 13-5
45
1.8

1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 7 8 8 9 10 11 12
c
c
c
Q2
Q3
Q1
The interquartile range is 9 3 or 6. Check to see
if there are any outliers.
3 1.5(6) 6
9 1.5(6) 18
40
1.8

1.75 1.5(1.6) 0.65
3.35 1.5(1.6) 5.75
The interquartile range is 587.5 251 or 336.5.

The outliers would be less than 251 1.5(336.5)
or 253.75 or greater than 587.5 1.5(336.5) or
1092.25. There are no outliers.
Page 850
1.7
c

The upper quartile
1.2
69
The interquartile range is 69 52 or 17. Check to

52 1.5(17) 26.5
69 1.5(17) 94.5
A
B
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
The A data are much more diverse than the B

data. In general, the B data are greater than the
A data.
40 50 60 70 80 90
761
Extra Practice
A: 60 65 70 72 75 76 83 85 88 91 92 92 92 99 100
c
Q1
Q2
Q3
A:
Q1
5.25
6.25
6.50
3.25 4.25
2
3.75
7.95
8.25
Q3
6.50 7.95
2
7.225
7.225 1.5(3.475) 12.4375

B:
3.25
4.25
4.50
5.25
5.50
c
Q1
4.25 4.50
2
5.75
6.95
c
4.375
8.65
9.50
Q3
6.95 8.65
2
7.8
The interquartile range is 7.8 4.375 3.425.

4.375 1.5(3.425) 0.7625
7.8 + 1.5(3.425) 12.9375
A
B
70
60
80
90
100
3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00
The B data are more diverse than the A data. The

data sets have approximately the same range.
0.5
0.8
0.8
1.1
1.5
c
Q1
0.8 0.8
2
2.2
2.2
2.3
c
0.8 Q2
3.0
3.6
The distribution of both sets are similar. The

values for B are somewhat greater than the
values for A.
3.8
1.5 2.2
2
1.85 Q 2.3
3
3.0
2
2.65
Page 851

0.8 1.5(1.85) 1.975
2.65 1.5(1.85) 5.425
Order the set from least to greatest
0.9
4.75
3.75 1.5(3.475) 1.4625
B:
4.25

0.4
3.25
c

72 1.5(20) 42
92 1.5(20) 122
B: 62 65 73 77 77 81 82 85 85 88 91 92 95 98 99
c
c
c
Q1
Q2
Q3
77 1.5(15) 54.5
92 1.5(15) 114.5
A:
2.65
1.2
1.6
1.8
1.9
2.5
c
Q1
3.3
3.8
4.0
1.6 1.8
2
1.7 Q2
5.4
5.7
Lesson 14-1
1.
ice cream
chicken
cookies
ice cream
6.0
lettuce
beef
2.5 3.3
2
2.9 Q3
4.0 5.4
2
pudding
pudding
cookies
4.7
The interquartile range is 4.7 1.7 3.0. Check

1.7 1.5(3) 2.8
4.7 1.5(3) 9.2
ice cream
fish
pudding
cookies
ice cream
chicken
pudding
cookies
ice cream
0
coleslaw
beef
The B data are more diverse than the A data. In

general, the B data are greater than the A data.
pudding
cookies
ice cream
fish
pudding
cookies

outcomes.
Extra Practice
762
2.
H
H
T
H
H
T
T
H
H
T
T
H
T
T
4.
H
T
H
T
H
T
H
T
H
T
H
T
H
T
H
T
M
C
B
S
M

outcomes.
5. There are ten digits and 26 letters. Multiply to
find the number of possible outcomes.
10 10 26 26 67,600
There are 67,600 possible license plates.

outcomes.
3.
W
P
W
P
W
P
W
P
W
P
W
P
W
Y
B
R
G
W
Y
B
R
G
W
Y
B
R
G
W
Y
B
R
G
W
Y
B
R
G
rocking
or
non-rocking
1442443
swivel
or
non-swivel
1442443
cotton, leather
or plush
cover
144424443
green, blue,
maroon,
or black
1442443
2
2
3

There are 48 possible lounge chairs.
boots skis poles
123 123 123
48
3 4 5 60
There are 60 possible selections.
8. There are 4 possible outcomes for each die.
Multiply.
red die blue die white die
1
424
3 14243 14
424
43
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

outcomes.
15.
16.
4
4
4

64
8! 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
40,320
1! 1
0! 1
5! 5 4 3 2 1
120
2! 2 1
2
9! 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
362,880
3! 3 2 1
6
14! 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
87,178,291,200
Page 851
Lesson 14-2
1. This is a combination because order is not

important.
2. This is a permutation because order of runners
can make a difference.
763
Extra Practice

important.
4. This is a permutation because order of winning is
important.
5. This is a permutation because order is important
with letters.
6. This is a permutation because order is important
with a lock.
important.
8. 5P2

8!
3!
3!
6
7!
(7 7)!
7!
0!
Page 851

40
39
1560
dependent. P(2 black): 55 54 2970 or
52
99
8. Since the first duck is not replaced, the events are

2
dependent. P(2 yellow) 55 54 2970 or
1
1485

40
40 1
dependent. P(black, then gold) 55 54 2970
4
or 297
13!
(13 13)!13!
13!
13!
40
39
38
474,240
10. P(3 blacks, then red) 55 54 53 52 8,185,320

304
or 5247
1
9!
11. P(yellow, then blue, then gold)

2
4
1
8
4
55 54 53 157,410 or 78,705
1
12. P(2 gold) 55 54 0
987654
1
24
13. P(4 blue) 55 54 53 52 8,185,320 or
60,480
7!
4!
16. ( P )( P ) (7 3)! (4 2)!

7 3 4 2
7! 4!
4! 2!
765
1
1
341,055
24
14. P(4 blue, then gold) 55 54 53 52 51 417,451,320

1
or 17,393,805
43
1
2520
Extra Practice
18!
(18 10)!10!
18!
8!10!
18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11
8!
1
18
40 55 ducks. P(red, then gold) 55 54 2970

4
or 1485
15. P (9 6)!
9 6
9!
3!

dependent. There are a total of 8 2 1 4
43,758
13 13
1
4
5. P(red greater than 2, blue greater than 3)

4 3
1
12
6 6 36 or 3
56
14.
1
4
4. P(red 6, blue greater than 4) 6 6 36 or
8!
(8 2)!
8!
6!
87
1
3. There are 3 prime numbers (2, 3, 5) on a die.

3 3
9
P(red prime number, blue even) 6 6 36 or
6!
(6 5)!5!
10 9
2!
C
18 10
2. P(red even, blue even) 6 6 36 or
6
13.
Lesson 14-3
1. P(red 1, blue 1) 6 6 36
45
10!
19. ( P )( C ) (3 2)! (10 10)!(10!)

3 2 10 10
3! 10!
1! 10!
10!
10!
3 10!
10,886,400
10. 10C2 (10 2)!2!

10!
8!2!
12. 8P2
76
2!
18. ( C ) ( P ) (3 2)!2! (10 10)!

3 2 10 10
3! 10!
2! 0!
7!
5040
11. 6C5
28 21
588
5!
(5 2)!
5!
3!
54
1
87
2!
20
9. P
7 7
7!
17. ( C ) ( C ) (8 6)!6! (7 5)!5!

8 6 7 5
8!
7!
2!6! 2!5!
764
Page 852
1.

1
2
3
4
5
6
Lesson 14-4
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
2
2
4
6
8
10
12
3
3
6
9
12
15
18
4
4
8
12
16
20
24
5
5
10
15
20
25
30
5.
6
6
12
18
24
30
36
1
36
There are 4 ways to roll a product of 12.

P(X 12)
4
36
or
2
36
or
Ways
Product
Ways
18
20
10
24
12
25
15
30
16
36
P(product of 12)
1
18
P(product greater than 15)
11
36
11
4
36
4
36
or about 0.11
or about 0.11
Since these theoretical probabilities are close to

10%, we would expect to get a product of 6 about
10% of the time and a product of 12 about 10% of
the time.
3. There are 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 11
different ways to roll a product greater than 15.
121
36 1296
6. P(product is 2)
4. Let X the number of customers.

X can have the values of 500, 1000, 1500, 2000,
and 2500.
0.05 0.25 0.35 0.30 0.05 1,
So the probabilities add up to 1.
6. P(X 1000) P(0 X 500) P(501 X 1000)
2
36
or
1
18
7. There are a total of 1351 households.

P(1)
P(2)
P(3)
P(4)
172
1351
293
1351
482
1351
256
1351
or about 12.7%
or about 21.7%
or about 35.7%
or about 18.9%
P(5 or more)
0.05 0.25
0.30
7.
Product
P(product of 6)
1
9
There are 2 ways to roll a product of 24.

P(X 24)
Ways
As you roll the dice more times, the experimental

probabilities should get closer to the theoretical
probabilities. Consider the following theoretical
probabilities.
2. There is 1 way to roll a product of 9.

P(X 9)
Product
8. P(5 or more)
P(X 7 500) P(501 X 1000) P(1001 X 1500)
148
1351
148
1351
or about 11.0%
or about 0.11 or 11%

P(1 or 2) P(1) P(2)
P(1501 X 2000) P(2001 X 2500)

0.25 0.35 0.30 0.05
172
293
1351 1351
0.95
465
1351 or about 0.34 or 34%
Page 852
Lesson 14-5

1
3. P(4 heads) 2 2 2 2 16
765
Extra Practice
PQ249J-6481F-P01-14[766-785] 26/9/02 9:07 PM Page 766 Sahuja Ahuja_QXP_06:Desktop Folder:Chandra:Algebra_FNL_Delivery:
Mixed Problem Solving

Page 853
8. Sample answer:
4 tank tops
8 shorts
4 t-shirts
at $6.99
at $7.99 plus at $4.99 plus
Chapter 1 The Language of Algebra
1. Sum implies add, and product implies multiply.

So the expression can be written as r2 r/.
14243 123 14
42443 123 1442443
2. Replace / in r2 r/ with r.
3.
8(7.99)
4(4.99)
4(6.99)
r2 r/ r2 r r

r2 r2
(1 1)r2
2r2
8 shorts
4 t-shirts
4 tank tops
at
$5.99
plus
at
$8.99
plus
at 2.99
14243 123 14243 123 1442443
8(5.99)

4(8.99)

4(2.99)
Money for
money for
money for
small tables
large tables
small tables
for first market plus for first market plus for second market
144424443 123 144424443 123 14444244443
14243 123 14243 123 14243 123 1442443
25(5)
10(8.5)
4 tank tops
4 shorts
4 shorts
4 t-shirts
at $7.99 plus at $5.99 plus at $4.99 plus at $2.99
4(7.99)
35(5)
money for
large tables
plus for second market
123 14444244443
12(8.5)
The expression is 25(5) 10(8.5) 35(5) 12(8.5).

4. 25(5) 10(8.5) 35(5) 12(8.5)
125 85 175 102
487
$487 was collected at the two markets.
5. Let a represent adult price, c represent child
price, and g represent observer price.
The cost of
the cost of
the cost of is less than
2 adults plus 2 children plus 1 observer or equal to $55.
2(c)
1(g)
2a 2c g 55
16.95, 12.95,
4.95
2(16.95) 2(12.95)
?
4.95 55
S 64.75 55
4(4.99)
4(2.99)
8(5.99)

8(2.99)
8(5.99) 8(2.99) 47.92 23.92
71.84
The discount is 15% of the purchase.
15% of $71.84 0.15 71.84
10.776
Subtract $10.78 from the purchase.
$71.84 $10.78 $61.06
The least amount you can spend is $61.06.
amount of sales
11. amount of sales
of
25
blankets
plus
of 25 rabbits
144424443 123 144424443
True or
False?
false
No, the family cannot go for a full day.
8(7.99)

8(8.99)
8(7.99) 8(8.99) 63.92 71.92
135.84
The discount is 15% of the purchase.
15% of $135.84 0.15 135.84
20.376
Subtract $20.38 from the purchase.
$135.84 $20.38 $115.46
The greatest amount you can spend is $115.46.
8144
shorts
at4443
$5.99 1
plus
8 tops at $2.99
4424
23 144424443
55
The inequality is 2a 2c g 55.

6. To find the cost for a full day, evaluate
2a 2c g if a 16.95, b 12.95, and g 4.95.
2a 2c g 2(16.95) 2(12.95) 4.95
33.90 25.90 4.95
64.75
A full day would cost $64.75.
To find the cost for a half day, evaluate
2a 2c g if a 10.95, b 8.95, and g 3.95.
2a 2c g 2(10.95) 2(8.95) 3.95
21.9 17.9 3.95
43.75
A half day would cost $43.75.
7. Replace a, c, and g in 2a 2c g 55 with the
prices for a full day.
a, c, g
4(5.99)
144
4424
4443 123 144424443
1442443 123 1442443 123 1442443 1442443 123
2(a)
9. Sample answer:
8(7.99) 4(4.99) 4(6.99)
63.92 19.96 27.96
111.84
8(5.99) 4(8.99) 4(2.99)
47.92 35.96 11.96
95.84
4(7.99) 4(5.99) 4(4.99) 4(2.99)
31.96 23.96 19.96 11.96
87.84
The cost of the 16 items could be $111.84, $95.84,
or $87.84. All totals end in $0.84.
10. 8 shorts at $7.99 plus 8 tops at $8.99
25(28)

25(18)
25(28) 25(18) 25(28 18)
25(46)
1150
The total amount of sales was $1150.
766
12. 10 tickets
10 tickets
10 tickets
at $18.95 plus at $12.95 plus at $9.95 plus 30 combos
Page 854
10(18.95) 10(12.95)
10(9.95)
30(5.50)
10(18.95) 10(12.95) 10(9.95) 30(5.50)

189.5 129.5 99.5 165
583.5
The total cost is $583.50.
13. If two lines are perpendicular, then they meet to
form four right angles. If two lines meet to form
four right angles, then they are perpendicular.
14. The domain contains the number of lawns Laurie
mows each week. She mows at most 30 lawns
each week. Therefore, a reasonable domain would
be values from 0 to 30 lawns. The range contains
the weekly profit from $0 to 30 $15 or $450.
Thus, a reasonable range is $0 to $450. Graph the
ordered pairs (0, 0) and (30, 450). Since she can
mow any amount of lawns up to 30 lawns, connect
the two points with a line to include those points.
Profit ($)
(30, $450)
400
300
200
100
x
5 10 15 20 25 30
Number of Lawns
15. Sample answer: The second graph is misleading

because the intervals for the years are not equal
and the intervals for the y-axis are not equal.
x
1980
2000
1960
0
1920
1940
Population Density
y
6
5
3
2
1
144424443
y
6
5
4
1980
2000
1960
x
1920
Population Density
14243
144424443
29,035
(1312)

29,035 (1312) 29,035 (1312)
29,035 1312
30,347
The difference is 30,347 feet.
5. To find the change in temperature, multiply the
number of 1000-foot increments in 10,000 feet by
the temperature drop in 1000 feet.
10(3.6) 36
The change in temperature is 36
F.
6. To find the altitude, find the difference of 70 and
38, then divide by 3.6.
[70 (38) ] 3.6 [ 70 (38) ] 3.6
[ 70 38] 3.6
108 3.6
30
The altitude is 30 1000 or 30,000 feet.
Year
Chapter 2 Real Numbers
1. Since 18 15 13 11 2 14

19 31 34 38 39, the monthly normal
temperatures ordered from least to greatest are
18, 15, 13, 11, 2, 2, 14, 19, 31, 34, 38, 39.
2. 18 is eighteen units from 0 in the negative
direction. |18| 18
15 is fifteen units from 0 in the negative
direction. |15| 15
13 is thirteen units from 0 in the negative
direction. |13| 13
11 is eleven units from 0 in the negative
direction. |11| 11
2 is two units from 0 in the negative direction.
|2| 2
2 is two units from 0 in the negative direction.
|2| 2
14 is fourteen units from 0 in the positive
direction. |14| 14
19 is nineteen units from zero in the positive
direction. |19| 19
31 is thirty-one units from zero in the positive
direction. |31| 31
34 is thirty-four units from zero in the positive
direction. |34| 34
38 is thirty-eight units from zero in the positive
direction. |38| 38
39 is thirty-nine units from zero in the positive
direction. |39| 39
3. No; the lowest temperatures should be at the
beginning and end of the table for January and
December.
4. Write 29,035 as a positive number to represent
above sea level, and 1312 as a negative number to
represent below sea level. Subtract to find the
difference.
elevation of
elevation of
Mount Everest minus the Dead Sea
14
424
43 123 14
424
43 123 14
424
43 123 14
424
43
Year
767
14. There are 20 39 39 39 44 35 40

or 256 million people predicted to not be
1524 years old and 299 million people predicted
as a total.
7. By finding the values obtained by using all twodigit whole numbers, we conclude that the least
result is obtained from the number 19.
19
1 9
19
10
256,000,000
P(not be 1524) 299,000,000
1.9
Stem
Leaf
7
1 7
8
1 6 9
9
0 1 1 6
10
2 4 5
11
0 9
12
5 8
7|1 7.1
9. The least value is 7.1 and the greatest value
is 12.8.
12.8 7.1 5.7
10. mean
256
299
0.86
The probability that a person selected will not be
256
1524 years old is 299 or about 86%.
15. 2202 452 1400 2025
12425
49.24
The hypotenuse of the garden is about 49 ft.
16. Let x the length of the other leg. The situation
can be represented by the equation
55 2x2 452. Estimate to find reasonable
values for the replacement set. Start by letting
x 25 and then adjust values up or down as
needed.
sum of wind speeds

number of speeds
8.9 7.1 9.1 9.0 10.2 12.5 11.9 11.0
12.8 10.4 10.5 8.6 7.7 9.6 9.1 8.1

16
9.78125
The mean is about 9.8.
To find the median, order the numbers from least
to greatest. The median is in the middle. 7.1, 7.7,
8.1, 8.6, 8.9, 9.0, 9.1, 9.1, 9.6, 10.2, 10.4, 10.5, 11.0,
14243
11.9, 12.5, 12.8
9.1 9.6
2
55 2x2 452
55 S 51.5 55
too low
?
452
55 S 54.1 55
too low
35 235
?
452
55 S 57.0 55
too high
25
30
2302
2
2 ?
31 2312 45 55 S 54.6 55
9.35
2 ?
32 2322 45 55 S 55.2 55
The median is 9.35.

The mode is the number that occurs most
frequently. 9.1 occurs twice and all the other
speeds occur once. The mode is 9.1.
11. Sample answer: Yes, many of the data values are
around 9.1.
12. There are 20 million people predicted to be under
age 5 and 299 million people predicted as a total.
Reasonable?
?
452
2252
almost
reasonable
The length of the other leg should be about 32 ft.

17. To find the speed, divide the number of meters by
the number of seconds.
400 44 9.1
The speed of the 400 meter run was about
9 meters per second.
18. To find the speed, divide the number of meters by
the number of seconds.
400 3 min 41 sec 400 221 sec
400 221
1.8
The speed of the 400-meter freestyle was about
19. Since 2 4.5 9, the running speed is 4.5 times
faster than the swimming speed.
20,000,000
P(under age 5) 299,000,000

20
299
0.07
The probability that a person selected will be
20
under 5 is 299 or about 7%.
13. There are 40 million people predicted to be 65 or
over and there are 299 40 or 259 million people
predicted to be under 65.
40,000,000
odds of 65 or over 259,000,000
Page 855
40
Chapter 3 Solving Linear Equations
259
1.
The odds of selecting a person that will be 65 or

over are 40:259.
The lateral
surface area is
the product of the

two times times radius and the height.
144424443 123 123 123 123 123 144444

42444
4443
The formula is L 2rh.

2. L 2rh
2(3.14)(4.5)(7)
197.82
The lateral area is about 197.8 in2.
768
rh
3.
the area
the lateral
The total
surface area equals two times of the base plus surface area.
The Wilson family bought 2 (30) 1 or 16 bags.

1
The Martinez family bought 2 (30 16) 1 or
8 bags. The Brightfeather family bought
1
(30 24) 1 or 4 bags. The Wimberly family
2
bought 2 bags.
11. Let n the least even integer. Then n 2 the
next greater even integer, and n 4 the
greatest of the three even integers.
144424443 14243 123 123 1442443 123 144

424443
2
r
2rh
The formula is T 2r2 2rh.

4. T 2r2 2rh
2(3.14)(4.5) 2 2(3.14)(4.5)(7)
127.17 197.82
324.99
The total surface area is about 325.0 in2.
5. Let n the length of the Niger River.
Five times the

twice the sum of
greatest even integer is equal to the other two integers plus 42.
44244
3 1444442444443 123 123
1444442444443 1
310
2900
The equation is n 310 2900.

6.
n 310 2900
n 310 310 2900 310
n 2590
The length of the Niger River is 2590 miles.
7. Let g the length of an average common
goldfish.
the length of an
the average length of a
4.8 times average common goldfish equals yellow-banded angelfish.
123 123 144444424444443 1

4244
444443
424
3 1444444
4.8
12
The equation is 4.8g 12.

8. 4.8g 12
4.8g
4.8
12
4.8
x (x 10) 2[ x (x 10) ]
g 2.5
The length of an average common goldfish is
2.5 in.
9. Let x the number of registered Labrador
Retrievers.
The number of
the number of
Labrador Retrievers was fifteen times Great Danes plus 6997.
15
9860
6x
6
6997
Undo the Statement

2
The Wimberlys bought

half the remaining
bags plus one.
The Brightfeathers
bought half the
remaining bags
plus one.
The Martinezes bought
half the remaining
bags plus one.
The Wilsons bought
half the remaining
bags plus one.
The starting number
of bags
2 2x 1 S x 2
42
180
150
6
x 25
x 10 25 10 or 35
2[x (x 10) 2[ 25 (25 10) ] or 120
The measures of the three angles are 25
, 35
,
and 120
.
13. Let c represent the amount of chemicals needed.
x 15(9860) 6997
x 147,900 6997
x 154,897
There were 154,897 registered Labrador
Retrievers.
Statement
The Wimberlys bought
2 bags.
x (x 10) 2[ x (x 10) ] 180

2x 10 2[ 2x 10] 180
2x 10 4x 20 180
6x 30 180
6x 30 30 180 30
6x 150
14
444424444
43 123 1
424
3 123 144424443 123 123
2[ n (n 2) ]
5(n 4) 2[n (n 2) ] 42
5n 20 2[ 2n 2] 42
5n 20 4n 4 42
5n 20 4n 46
5n 20 4n 4n 46 4n
n 20 46
n 20 20 46 20
n 26
n 2 26 2 or 28
n 4 26 4 or 30
The consecutive even integers are 26, 28, and 30.
12. Let x the measure of the second angle. Then
x 10 the measure of the first angle, and
2[x (x 10)] the measure of the third angle.
The sum of the measures of
the three angles of a triangle equals 180.
1444444442444444443 14243 123
1444
4244443 123 1442443 14243 1444
4244443
5(n 4)
the length of
The length of
the Niger River plus 310 miles equals the Congo river.
1.5
5000
12,500
1.5(12,500) 5000(c)
18,750 5000c
18750
5000
5000c
5000
3.75 c
The amount of chemicals needed is 3.75 pounds.
2999 1999 1000
as the base.
2(2 1) 6
2(6 1) 14
1000
2999
100
1000(100) 2999(r)
100,000 2999r
2(14 1) 30
100,000
2999
2999r
2999
33 r
The percent of decrease was about 33%.
30
769
3.
15. The tax is 7% of the cost of the camp.

7% of $1254 0.07 1254
87.78
Add this amount to the original cost.
$1254.00 $87.78 $1341.78
The total cost of the camp is $1341.78.
16. The refund is
1
2
of $87.78
Since it has five sides, the design is in the shape

of a pentagon.
4. To dilate the pentagon by a scale factor of 0.75,
multiply the coordinates of the vertices by 0.75.
Prt
rt
(x, y) S (0.75x, 0.75y)

(1, 1) S (0.75 1, 0.75 (1)) S (0.75, 0.75)
(2, 2) S (0.75 2, 0.75 2) S (1.5, 1.5)
(0, 3) S (0.75 0, 0.75 3) S (0, 2.25)
(2, 2) S (0.75 (2), 0.75 2) S (1.5, 1.5)
(1, 1) S (0.75 (1), 0.75 (1) ) S (0.75, 0.75)
P
I
18. P rt
1848.75
P 0.0725(6)
P 4250
The amount of money invested is $4250.
19. Let x the amount of 40% iodine solution to be
added.
Amount of
Solution
40
x
40 x
15% Solution
40% Solution
20% Solution
5. The area of the original design can be found by

dividing the pentagon into five polygons as
follows:
The area of the rectangle with vertices
(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 2), and (1, 1) is
bh 2(3) or 6 units2.
The area of the triangle with vertices (1, 1),
1
1
(2, 2), and (1, 2) is 2 bh 2(1)(3) or
2
1.5 units . The area of the triangle with
vertices (1, 1), (1, 2), and (2, 2) is also
1.5 units2.
The area of the triangle with vertices (2, 2),
1
1
(0, 3), and (0, 2) is 2bh 2(2)(1) or 1 unit2. The
area of the triangle with vertices (2, 2), (0, 3),
and (0, 2) is also 1 unit2.
The total area of the original design is the sum of
the areas of the rectangle and four triangles
described above. This is 6 2(1.5) 2(1) or
11 units2.
Similarly, the area of the dilated design can be
found by dividing the dilated pentagon into five
polygons as follows:
The area of the rectangle with vertices
(0.75, 0.75), (0.75, 1.5), (0.75, 1.5), and
(0.75, 0.75) is bh 1.5(2.25) or 3.375 units2.
The area of the triangle with vertices
(0.75, 0.75), (1.5, 1.5), and (0.75, 1.5) is
1
1
bh 2(0.75)(2.25) or 0.84375 units2. The area
2
of the triangle with vertices (0.75, 0.75),
(1.5, 1.5), and (0.75, 1.5) is also 0.84375 units2.
The area of the triangle with vertices
(1.5, 1.5), (0, 2.25), and (0, 1.5) is
1
1
bh 2 (1.5) (0.75) or 0.5625 units2. The area
2
of the triangle with vertices (1.5, 1.5),
(0, 2.25), and (0, 1.5) is also 0.5625 units2.
The total area of the dilated design is the sum of
the areas of the rectangle and four triangles
described above. This is
3.375 2(0.84375) 2(0.5625) or 6.2 units2.
Amount of
Iodine
0.15(40)
0.40x
0.20(40 x)
amount of
Amount of
amount of
iodine in
iodine in
iodine in
15% solution plus 40% solution equals 20% solution.
44244
43
14
4424443 123 144424443 1
4243 14
0.15(40)
0.40x
0.20(40 x)
0.15(40) 0.40x 0.20(40 x)

6 0.4x 8 0.2x
6 0.4x 0.2x 8 0.2x 0.2x
6 0.2x 8
6 0.2x 6 8 6
0.2x 2
0.2x
0.2
0.2
x 10
Isaac should add 10 gallons of the 40% solution to
the 40 gallons of the 15% solution.
Page 856
1
of the tax.
2
1
87.78
2
43.89
The amount of the refund is $43.89.
17. I Prt
I
rt
I
rt
Chapter 4 Graphing Relations

and Functions
1. Start at the origin (the building).

Move right (east) 2 units and down (south)
1 unit.
The x-coordinate is 2, and the y-coordinate is 1.
The coordinates of the pool are (2, 1).
2. Start at the origin (the building).
Move left (west) 3 units and up (north) 5 units.
The x-coordinate is 3, and the y-coordinate is 5.
The entrance to the community has coordinates
(3, 5).
770
6. Graph the ordered pairs (60, 102), (62, 109),

(64, 116), (66, 124), (68, 131), (70, 139), (72, 147),
and (74, 155).

the points.
c
100
Weight
160
120
Cost
140
75
50
25
100
0
64
68
72
Height
76
7. No; for each 2 unit increase in height, the

increase in weight is not constant.
8. Sample answer: 171 pounds; from 72 to 74 inches,
there is an increase of 8 pounds, so 8 2 16 and
added to 155 is 171.
y
230
228
9.
Distance from
Sun, d
d
93,000,000
AU
36,000,000
36,000,000
93,000,000
0.387
Mars
141,650,000
141,650,000
93,000,000
1.523
Jupiter
483,750,000
483,750,000
93,000,000
5.202
222
39.223
220
Mercury
Pluto
3,647,720,000
93,000,000
3,647,720,000
226
Time
Planet
To the nearest thousandth, Mercury is 0.387 AU

from the Sun, Mars is 1.523 AU from the Sun,
Jupiter is 5.202 AU from the Sun, and Pluto is
39.223 AU from the Sun.
10. If the number of AU is less than 1, the planet is
closer than Earth. If the number of AU is greater
than 1, the planet is farther than Earth.
11.
x
2
4
6
8
Number of Blinds
13. If Pam has 8 blinds installed, then x 8.

Substituting into the given equation, we have
c 25 6.5(8) or 77. Thus, the cost of 8 blinds
is $77.
14. Graph the ordered pairs (0, 229), (4, 227), (8, 218),
(12, 230), (16, 224), and (20, 222).
x
60
c 25 6.5x
d
93,000,000
d
(93,000,000) 93,000,000
218
0
270,000
C
25
38
51
64
77
8
16
24
Years Since 1980

5
5
5
5
5
5
(93,000,000)270,000
25 6.5x
25 6.5(0)
25 6.5(2)
25 6.5(4)
25 6.5(6)
25 6.5(8)
15. Yes; each value of x is paired with only one

value of y.
16. Sample answer: 218 min
17. 1
6
11
16
21
26
31
d 25,110,000,000,000
So Alpha Centauri is about 25,110,000,000,000 mi
from the Sun.
table.
x
0
2
4
6
8
224

an a1 (n 1)d
an 1 (n 1)5
an 1 5n 5
an 5n 4
x, C
(0, 25)
(2, 38)
(4, 51)
(6, 64)
(8, 77)

an 5n 4
a20 5(20)4
a20 100 4
a 96
20
Row 20 would contain 96 beads.
771
19. Side
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
7. The graph passes through (0, 453,589) with

slope 2890.
Area
1
4
9
16
25
36
49
64
81
100
Population of Wyoming
Population
(thousands)
500
Chapter 5 Analyzing Linear Equations
change in price
change in time
2.00 0.67
1950 1940
m
m
4820x
4820
rate of
number of years
population
Population
equals change times
after 1990
plus in 1990.
1442443 14243 14243 123 14444244443 123 1442443
y
2890
(0, 453,589)
3 4 5 6 7 8
Years Since 1990
9 10
x1
136 112
66 60
24
or 4
6

y mx b
112 4(60) b
112 240 b
112 240 240 b 240
128 b
y mx b
y 4x (128)
y 4x 128
10. y 4x 128
y 4(72) 128
y 160
A person who is 72 inches tall should be
160 pounds.
11. Write the point-slope form of the equation for a
line that passes through (1990, 3,600,000) with
slope 300,000.
y y1 m(x x1 )
y 3,600,000 300,000(x 1990)
12.
y 3,600,000 300,000(x 1990)
15 x
It will take 15 seconds for sound to travel
72,300 feet.
6.
450
y2 y1
r
4820

1
Solve for the rate.
4820 r(1)
4820 r
Therefore, the equation is y 4820x.
5.
y 4820x
72,300 4820x
460
mx
1.33
10
0.133
Over this 10-year period, the price increased by
$1.33, for a rate of change of $0.133 per year.
3. The slope of the line segment that represents the
10-year period from 1980 to 1990 is negative. This
represents a drop in price.
rate times time.
4. Distance equals 1
14243 14243 23 123 123
72,300
4820
470

y 2890x 453,589
y 2890(15) 453,589
y 496,939
The population of Wyoming should be about
496,939 in 2005.
9. Let x represent the height of a person. Let y
represent the weight of the person. Write an
equation of the line that passes through (60, 112)
and (66, 136).
Find the slope.
1. The greatest rate of change occurred in the 10-year

period from 19701980, which is represented by
the steepest segment. The least rate of change
occurred in the 9-year period from 19901999,
which is represented by the least steep segment.
2.
(10, 482,489)
480
The values for the area are the squares of

consecutive integers.
Page 857
490
453,589
Therefore, the equation is y 2890x 453,589.
y 3,600,000 300,000x 597,000,000

y 3,600,000 3,600,000 300,000x 597,000,000
3,600,000
y 300,000x 593,400,000
13. y 300,000x 593,400,000

y 300,000(2010) 593,400,000
y 9,600,000
The number of people who will take a cruise in
2010 should be about 9,600,000.
772
14.
17. We use the points (0, 324) and (2, 1530).

Find the slope.
y
y 12 x 6
y2 y1
mx
m
y 6 2x
y 2x
m

y mx b
y 603x 324
y 603x 324
y 603(13) 324
y 8163
There should be about 8163 children adopted
from Russia in 2005.
y 12 x 92
Solve each equation for y to find the slopeintercept form.

Eq. 1: y 2x
2x y 6
Eq. 2:
2x y 2x 6 2x
y 2x 6
Page 858
Eq. 3: y 2x 6
Eq. 4:
y
x 9
2
1
9
x
2
2
The slope of y 2x is 2.

Therefore, these two lines are parallel.
1
1
Therefore, these two lines are parallel.
1
Since 2 is the opposite reciprocal of 2, y 2x
and y 2x 6 are both perpendicular to
1
1
9
y 2x 6 and y 2x 2. Therefore, the figure is
a rectangle.
15. Opposite sides have the same slopes, so they are
parallel. Consecutive sides have slopes that are
opposite reciprocals, so they are perpendicular.
Sample answer:
0
4
Number of Children
4w
4
40
4
0 6 w 10
A female bustard can weigh up to 10 lb.
6. 1.50a 0.30a 75
7. 1.50a 0.30a 75
1.20a 75
Adopted Russian Children

4000
1.20a
1.20
3000
75
1.20
a 62.50
8. Jennie must make and sell 63 or more apples to
make at least $75.
2000
1000
Chapter 6 Solving Linear Inequalities
1. Let a the amount Scott can spend after buying

a concert ticket.
a 26 50
a 26 26 50 26
a 24
Scott can spend no more than $24.
2. Let a the amount Scott can spend after buying
a concert ticket, lunch, and a CD.
a 26 2.99 12.49 50
a 41.48 50
a 41.48 41.48 50 41.48
a 8.52
Scott can spend no more than $8.52.
3. Let the length of a male bustard.
0 6 /4
4. Let w the weight of a male bustard.
0 6 w 40
5. Let w the weight of a female bustard. Then 4w
represents the weight of a male bustard.
0 6 4w 40
x 2y 9
x 2y x 9 x
2y x 9
2y
2
x1
1530 324
2 0
1206
or 603
2
2 3 4 5 6 7
Years Since 1992
773
9. Let p the price of a pair of shoes for a customer

with a $15 coupon. Then p 15 represents the
original price of a pair of shoes.
24.95 p 15 149.95
First express 24.95 p 15 149.95 using and.
24.95 p 15
24.95 15 p 15 15
9.95 p
and

shaded.
The dimensions cannot be negative. Therefore,
the domain and range contain only nonnegative
numbers.
p 15 149.95
p 15 15 149.95
p 134.95
The solution set is {p|9.95 p 134.95}.

The price for a pair of shoes for a customer who has
a coupon is between $9.95 and $134.95, inclusive.
10. Let p the price of the pair of shoes using a
$15 coupon.
p 109.95 15
p 94.95
Using a coupon, the price of the shoes is $94.95.
Let d the price of the pair of shoes after a
15% discount on the price.
d 109.95 0.15(109.95)
(to the nearest cent)
d 109.95 16.49
d 93.46
With a 15% discount, the price of the shoes is
$93.46. You should choose the 15% discount.
11. Let p the regular price of a pair of shoes.
p 0.15p p 15
0.85p p 15
0.85p p p 15 p
0.15p 15
0.15p
0.15
100
50
w
O
4/
4
p 100
A 15% discount is the same as $15 off if the
regular price is $100.
12. Let m the mean of the temperatures.
m
927
12
m 77.25
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
To the nearest degree, the mean of the

temperatures is 77
.
mean lowest temperature 77 73 or 4
The lowest temperature varies by 4
from the mean.
highest temperature mean 81 77 4
The highest temperature varies by 4
from the
mean.
Let t the temperature.
The difference between the actual temperature
and the mean is within 4 degrees, so |t 77| 4.
Let w the width of the quilt. Let / the length
of the quilt. Since the perimeter of a rectangle is
given by P 2/ 2w, the inequality
2/ 2w 318 represents this situation.
Since the boundary is included in the solution,
draw a solid line. Test the point (72, 72).
2w 2/ 318
2(72) 2(72) 318
144 144 318
288 318 true
100
150
318
4
/ 79.5
So, the area is greatest when the length / and
width w are each 79.5 in. Since A /w, the
greatest area would be found by substituting 79.5
for both / and w.
A /w
A (79.5)(79.5)
A 6320.25
The greatest area, 6320.25 in2, occurs when the
dimensions of the quilt are 79.5 in. by 79.5 in.
19. Let m the area of a state in square miles,
1045 m 570,473
20. Let m the area of a state in acres.
677,120 m 365,481,600
21. There are 640 acres in one square mile. So, the
number of square miles multiplied by 640 is the
number of acres.
Alaska: 570,473 (640) 365,102,720
Rhode Island: 1045 (640) 668,800
Alaska is listed in the table as having
365,481,600 acres, but 570,473 mi2 is
365,102,720 acres. While this difference of
378,880 acres is large, it actually represents
only about a 0.1% difference.
Rhode Island is listed in the table as having
677,120 acres, but 1045 mi2 is 668,800 acres.
While this difference of 8320 acres is significantly
less than Alaskas difference of 378,800 acres, it
actually represents about a 1.2% difference.
Thus, Alaska is very close, but Rhode Island is a
little off.
15
73 73 74 76 78 79 81 81 81 80 77 74
12
50
Sample answers: Since (70, 75) is in the shaded

region, the quilt could be 70 in. by 75 in.
Similarly, since (72, 72) is in the shaded region,
the quilt could be 72 in. by 72 in.
18. The area of the quilt is greatest when the length
/ and width w are equal.
2/ 2w 318
2/ 2/ 318
4/ 318
0.15
m
2w 2 318
150
774
4. Since there are 60 min in each hour and 60 sec in

each min,
1:48:29 is about 1 h 48 min
60 min 48 min, or 108 min.
Page 859 Chapter 7 Solving Systems of Linear

Equations and Inequalities
1. Since the year 1980 is 0, the year 1990 is 10. Use
the ordered pairs (0, 19.3) and (10, 17.6) to write
the equation. First find the slope.
y2 y1
mx
m
m
x1
17.6 19.3
10 0
1.7
or 0.17
10
Since the first coordinate of the ordered pair

(0, 19.3) is 0, the y-intercept is 19.3. Use the
slope-intercept form to write the equation.
y mx b
y 0.17x 19.3
2. Use the ordered pairs (0, 8.2) and (10, 8.4) to
write the equation. First find the slope.
Year
1995
2000
m
m
Womens
125
115
5. Since the year 1995 is 0, the year 2000 is 5. Use

the ordered pairs (0, 108) and (5, 112) to write the
equation. First find the slope.
y2 y1
mx
Mens
108
112
y2 y1
mx
x1
8.4 8.2
10 0
0.2
or 0.02
10
m
m

(0, 8.2) is 0, the y-intercept is 8.2. Use the slopeintercept form to write the equation.
y mx b
y 0.02x 8.2
y 0.17x 19.3
y 0.02x 8.2
Substitute 0.17x 19.3 for y in the second
equation.
y 0.02x 8.2
0.17x 19.3 0.02x 8.2
0.17x 19.3 0.17x 0.02x 8.2 0.17x
19.3 0.19x 8.2
19.3 8.2 0.19x 8.2 8.2
11.1 0.19x
11.1
0.19
x1
112 108
5 0
4
or 0.8
5

(0, 108) is 0, the y-intercept is 108. Use the
y mx b
y 0.8x 108
6. Use the ordered pairs (0, 125) and (5, 115) to
write the equation. First find the slope.
y2 y1
mx
m
m
x1
115 125
5 0
10
or 2
5

(0, 125) is 0, the y-intercept is 125. Use the
y mx b
y 2x 125
y 0.8x 108
y 2x 125
Substitute 0.8x 108 for y in the second
equation.
y 2x 125
0.8x 108 2x 125
0.8x 108 2x 2x 125 2x
2.8x 108 125
2.8x 108 108 125 108
2.8x 17
0.19x
0.19
58.4 x
Therefore, the percent of working men and
women will be the same about 58 yr after 1980, or
during the year 2038.
2.8x
2.8
17
2.8
x 6.1
Therefore, you might expect the mens and
womens winning times to be the same about 6 yr
after 1995, or in 2001.
775
8. Let t the time it took Mrs. Sumner to travel to

Fullerton in hours. Let d the distance between
Mrs. Sumners home and Fullerton.
Rate
40
56
To Fullerton
Return trip
Time
t
t2

g s 64
3g 2s 168
coefficients of the g terms are additive inverses.
3g 3s 192
() 3g 2s 168
s 24
(1)(s) (1) (24)
s 24
Now substitute s 24 in either equation to find
the value of g.
g s 64
g 24 64
g 24 24 64 24
g 40
So, the U.S. won 40 gold and 24 silver medals.
15. Since the total points scored for gold and silver
medals was 168, and the total number of points
scored was 201, then the number of points earned
for bronze medals was 201 168 or 33 points.
Since each bronze medal is worth 1 point, the
U.S. had 1 bronze medal for each point, or
33 bronze medals.
16. The cost
the number
the number
the cost
Distance
d
d
Use the formula rate time distance, or rt d.

40t d
56(t 2) d
Substitute 40t for d in the second equation.
56(t 2) d
56(t 2) 40t
56t 112 40t
56t 112 56t 40t 56t
112 16t
112
16
16t
16
7t
Use d 40t to find the value of d.
d 40t
d 40(7)
d 280
Therefore, Mrs. Sumner lives 280 mi from
Fullerton.
9. Let t the number of $2 bills and let f the
number of $50 bills.
t f 1,500,888,647
f t 366,593,903
10. Substitute t 366,593,903 for f in the first
equation.
of a
child
ticket times
14243 123
15
t f 1,500,888,647
c
7
So, the inequality is c 2a.
18. a 0; c 0
19.
c
2t 366,593,903 366,593,903 1,500,888,647 366,593,903

2t 1,134,294,744
1,134,294,744
2
t 567,147,372
Use f t 366,593,903 to find the value of f.

f t 366,593,903
f 567,147,372 366,593,903
f 933,741,275
Therefore, there were 567,147,372 $2 bills and
933,741,275 $50 bills in circulation.
11. 567,147,372 $2 bills are worth 567,147,372 2 or
$1,134,294,744. 933,741,275 $50 bills are worth
933,741,275 50 or $46,687,063,750. So the total
in circulation in $2 bills and $50 bills was
$1,134,294,744 $46,687,063,750 or
$47,821,358,494.
12. Let g represent the number of gold medals, and
let s represent the number of silver medals.
g s 64
13. 3g 2s 168
20
1442443
is no
more
than $800.
123 123
800
1442443 144424443 14444244443
2t 366,593,903 1,500,888,647
of adult
tickets
sold
So, the inequality is 15c 20a 800.

17. The number
of child
twice the number
tickets
is greater than of adult tickets.
t (t 366,593,903) 1,500,888,647
2t
2
of child
of an
tickets
adult
sold
plus ticket times
1442443 123 14243 123
2a
60
c 2a
40
15c 20a 800
20
O
20
40
60
20. Sample answer: The station can buy 5 adult and

40 child tickets, or 10 adult and 30 child tickets,
or 12 adult and 32 child tickets since the graphs
of the ordered pairs (5, 40), (10, 30), and (12, 32)
lie in the region that represents the intersection
of the inequalities.
776
Page 860
11. R N (133.5x 10,278.5) (37.9x 1315.9)
Chapter 8 Polynomials
(133.5x 10,278.5) (37.9x 1315.9)

(133.5x (37.9x)) (10,278.5 1315.9)
95.6x 8962.6
1. Yes; each is the product of variables and/or a real

number.
2. Volume s3
33
27
12. Since 2015 is 18 years after 1997, substitute 18

for x.
95.6x 8962.6
95.6(18) 8962.6
10,683.4
There will be about 10,683 such stations in 2015.
13. 0.5n(n 3) 0.5n(n) 0.5n(3)
0.5n2 1.5n
2
14.
3: 0.5(3) 1.5(3) 0
4: 0.5(4)2 1.5(4) 2
5: 0.5(5)2 1.5(5) 5
6: 0.5(6)2 1.5(6) 9
7: 0.5(7)2 1.5(7) 14
8: 0.5(8)2 1.5(8) 20
9: 0.5(9)2 1.5(9) 27
10: 0.5(10)2 1.5(10) 35
15. You add one more each time to the previous
number. For example, 0 2 2, 2 3 5,
5 4 9, and so on.
16. V /wh
x(x 3) (2x 5)
(x2 3x) (2x 5)
x2 (2x) x2 (5) 3x(2x) 3x(5)
2x3 5x2 6x2 15x
2x3 11x2 15x
18. 4000 is the amount of the investment, 1 will add
the amount of the investment to the interest, 0.05
is the interest rate as a decimal, and 2 is the
number of years of the investment.
19. 4000(1 0.05)2 $4410
20. 10,000(1 0.0625)4 $12,744
Surface Area 6s2

6(3) 2
6(9)
54
The surface area is 54 ft2.
3.
s3 6s2
s 6s2 0
s2 (s 6) 0
3
s2 0 or s 6 0
s 0 or
s6
When the side length is 6 units, the volume and
surface area have the same numerical value.
4.
r2h
(2r) 2 (2h)
r2h
22 r2 2h
1 212 1 2 21rr 21hh 2

2
2
1
8

or 1:8
5.
vacuum: 3.00 108 300,000,000
air: 3.00 108 300,000,000
ice: 2.29 108 229,000,000
glycerine: 2.04 108 204,000,000
crown glass: 1.97 108 197,000,000
rock salt: 1.95 108 195,000,000
6.
3.00 108
1.95 108
10
13.00
1.95 21 10 2
8
8
(1.54)(100 )
1.54
Light travels about 1.54 times faster through a
vacuum.
2.29 108
108
7. ice; 1.95
10
12.29
1.95 21 10 2
8
8
Page 861
(1.17)(100 )
1.17
8. 0.003y2 0.086y 0.708
0.003y2 (0.086y) 0.708
This polynomial is the sum of three monomials; it
is a trinomial.
9. The degrees of the terms, 0.003y2, 0.086y, and
0.708, are 2, 1, and 0, respectively. Thus, the
degree of the polynomial is 2, the greatest of 2, 1,
and 0.
10. Since 2010 is 90 years after 1920, substitute 90
for y and simplify.
0.003y2 0.086y 0.708
0.003(90)2 0.086(90) 0.708
17.3
The population should be about 17.3 people/square
mile.
Chapter 9 Factoring
1. 1-foot by 1-foot squares can be used since both

10 and 12 are divisible by 1.
2-foot by 2-foot squares can be used since both
10 and 12 are divisible by 2.
2-foot by 3-foot squares can be used since 10 is
divisible by 2 and 12 is divisible by 3.
1 by 1, 2 by 2, and 2 by 3; The 3-foot squares will
not cover the 10-foot dimension without cutting.
777
10 12
11. Let x the number of feet being added and

subtracted to 24.
(24 x)(24 x) 512
576 x2 512
x2 64
x2 64
x8
24 8 16
24 8 32
The dimensions of the deck are 16 ft by 32 ft.
12. The area in the plans is 24 ft 24 ft 576 sq ft.
1
The new area is 2 (576 sq. ft) 288 sq ft.
2. For 1-foot by 1-foot squares, there are 1 1 or

120 squares.
The cost is 120 $3.75 $450.
10 12
For 2-foot by 2-foot squares, there are 2 2 or
30 squares.
The cost is 30 $15 $450.
For 2-foot by 3-foot rectangular pieces, there are
10 12
or 20 squares.
2 3
The cost is 20 $21 $420.
Therefore, the 2 3 tiles are the least expensive
at a total cost of $420.
3. The height of the rocket is 0 when it returns to
the ground.
4. 125t 16t2 h
125t 16t2 0
t(125 16t) 0
t 0 or 125 16t 0
125 16t
t
5.
6.
7.
8.
125
16
y2 288
y 1288 or about 16.97
Since the new area is not a perfect square, the
equation is not factorable, so there are no whole
number solutions.
13. When the object hits the ground, it will have
dropped 1483 ft. Let h 1483.
1483 16t2
92.6875 t2
9.6 t
It will take about 9.6 seconds for the object to hit
the ground.
14. Let h 386.
386 16t2
24.125 t2
4.9 t
It will take the object dropped from the Petronas
Tower I building about 9.6 4.9 4.7 seconds
longer to hit the ground.
15. Let t 12.
or 7.8125
{0, 7.8125}
Since h 0 when the rocket returns to the
ground, it will take about 7.8 seconds.
Let w the width of the field; therefore,
2w 60 the length of the field. The area is
length times width, or (2w 60)w w(2w 60).
w(2w 60) 36,000
2w2 60w 36,000
2 60w 36,000 0
2w
2(w2 30w 18,000) 0
w2 30w 18,000 0
(w 120) (w 150) 0
or w 150 0
w 120 0
w 120
w 150
The width must be 120 feet since it is a
measurement. The length is
2w 60 2(120 60), or 300 feet.
The dimensions of the field are 120 feet by
300 feet.
There are 3 feet in a yard. Divide the length and
width by 3.
120
3
40 yd
300
3
h 16(12) 2
h 16(144)
h 2304 ft.
The building is 2304 feet tall.
16. The height of the pool in feet is
V /w h
42
1750 /w 12
500 /w
The area of the water that is exposed to the air is
500 ft2.
17. If w is the width of the pool, the length is equal to
w 5.
w(w 5) 500
w2 5w 500 0
(w 25)(w 20) 0
w 25 0
or w 20 0
w 25
w 20
The width must be 20 ft since it is a measurement.
The length is 20 5 25 ft.
The dimensions of the pool are 20 ft by 25 ft.
18. Model B holds 1750 2 3500 cubic feet of
water.
w h 3500
Sample answer: 20 ft by 50 ft by 42 in.
100 yd
The dimensions of the field are 40 yd by 100 yd.

9. 48 is the initial velocity of the ball and 506 is the
height from which the ball is thrown, which is
500 feet plus 6 feet, Terils height.
10. 16t2 48t 506 218
16t2 48t 288 0
16(t2 3t 18) 0
t2 3t 18 0
(t 3)(t 6) 0
or t 6 0
t30
t6
t 3
The ball was in the air for 6 seconds.
42
.
12
778
7. Solve 0 16t2 210.
19. The measurements for Model C are

width 2(20) 40 ft
length 2(25) 50 ft
height 42 in.
42
Volume of Model C 40 50 12 7000 ft3.
Model A
Model C
1750
0 16t2 210
16t2 210
t2
t 3
7000 4
Chapter 10 Quadratic and

Exponential Functions
1. In h 16t2 112t 6, a 16 and b 112.

b
t 2a
112
t 2(16) or 3.5
2.
3.
4.
5.
The equation of the axis of symmetry is t 3.5.

h 16t2 112t 6
h 16(3.5) 2 112(3.5) 6
h 196 392 6
h 202
The vertex is at (3.5, 202).
Since the coefficient of the x2 is negative, the
vertex is a maximum point. The h-coordinate of
the vertex represents the maximum height. The
maximum height the ball reaches is 202 feet.
The t-coordinate of the vertex represents the time
when the ball reaches its maximum height. The
ball reaches its maximum height after 3.5 seconds.
The ball hits the ground when h 0. When t 7,
h 16(7)2 112(7) 6 or 6. When t 8,
h 16(8)2 112(8) 6 or 122.
Thus, the ball hits the ground between 7 and
8 seconds after it is thrown. The ball is in the air
about 7 seconds.
Replace h with 40 in the equation.
1
(10x2
10
x2 16.4x 19.8
x 16.4x 67.24 19.8 67.24
(x 8.2) 2 47.44
x 8.2 147.44
x 8.2 147.44
x 8.2 147.44 or x 8.2 147.44
15.1
1.3
{1.3, 15.1}
10. The poster board is not wide enough to have a
side margin of 15.1 inches. Thus, the side
margins are each about 1.3 inches wide. The top
margin is about 3 1.3 or 3.9 inches, and the
bottom margin is about 2 1.3 or 2.6 inches.
11.
4.95 116.8861
0.22
4.95 116.8861
f (t ) 16t 2 210 f (t )
200
100
2
4.95 2(4.95) 2 4(0.11) (17.31)

2(0.11)
4.95 116.8861
x
or x
0.22
0.22
41.2
3.8
The values mean that 3.8 years and 41.2 years
after 1977, 30% of households had cable.
12. No; the parabola only reaches a maximum height
of about 68, meaning that no more than 68% of
homes will ever have cable, which is not realistic.
Graph f(t) 16t2 210.
4
30 0.11x2 4.95x 12.69

30 30 0.11x2 4.95x 12.69 30
0 0.11x2 4.95x 17.31
x
40 16t2 250
40 40 16t2 250 40
0 16t2 210
f(t)
46
66
194
210
194
66
46
164x) 10 (198)
h 16t2 250
40 16t2 250
t
4
3
1
0
1
3
4
210
16
t 3.6
Ignore the negative solution. It takes about
3.6 seconds to complete the ride.
8. The width of the part covered is 22 2x inches
and the height is 27 5x. Thus, the area of
the part covered can be represented by
2
(22 2x)(27 5x). This area is 3 the area of the
2
poster board, 3 (22)(27) or 396 square inches.
Write the equation.
(22 2x)(27 5x) 396
9.
(22 2x) (27 5x) 396
594 110x 54x 10x2 396
10x2 164x 594 396
2
10x 164x 594 594 396 594
10x2 164x 198
The ratio of the volume of Model A to Model C

is 1:4.
Page 862
210
16
4t
The equation has two roots. One is between

779
13. P(x) 335(1.007)x

x
0
100
200
300
400
Page 863
P(x)
335
673
1352
2716
5455
P (x )
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
1. 200 km 200,000 m
Thus, the radius of the satellites orbit is
6,380,000 200,000 or 6,580,000 meters.
P (x ) 355(1.007)x
200
400

14. The y-intercept represents the population of Asia
in year 0 or 1650. Thus, the population of Asia in
1650 was 335,000,000.
1650. Thus, x 400.
16. A P 1 n
A 10,000 1
9
32
27
64
0.0745 1(4)
1
81
128
243
256
729
512
2187
1024

3
2 2
2 2
rn1
2
2
2
6561
2048

3
2
(6.67 10 11 ) (5.97 1024 )

6.58 106
39.8199 1013
6.58 106
39.8199
6.58
107
2r
v
2(6,580,000)
7779
4. d
2hv2
g
2(10) (10) 2
9.8
2000
9.8
5. d
2hv2
g
2(10) (20) 2
9.8
8000
9.8
28.57
d is about 28.57 meters.
This value is twice as great as the value in
Exercise 4.
6. Yes; because 12 1.4
19,683
4096
7. r

3
2
3 h
162
3 (8.25)
2.5
The radius of the container is about 2.5 inches.
8. First convert 98 acres to square miles.
98
98 acres 640 or 0.153125 mi2
2187
or about
1024
6561
sequence is 2048 or
21. The eighth term of the sequence is
2.1. The ninth term of the

about 3.2. Laurie will first exceed 3 miles during
her ninth session.
22. No; since Laurie is running every other day, her
ninth session will be on the 17th day.
14.29
d is about 14.29 meters.
20. an a
1
1 3
an 8 2 n1
12
5315
The orbital period of the satellite is about
5315 seconds, which is about 5315 3600 or
1.5 hour.
In 2003, T(4) 2575(1.06) 4 3250.88.

In 2004, T(5) 2575(1.06) 5 3445.93.
In 2005, T(6) 2575(1.06) 6 3652.69.
In 2006, T(7) 2575(1.06) 7 3871.85.
The total cost of his tuition will be
$3250.88 $3445.93 $3652.69 $3871.85
or $14,221.35.
18. Sample answer: Aaron could reinvest the money
he does not need each year and earn additional
interest during the time he is attending college.
3
16
GmE
r
17. y C(1 r) t
y 2575(1 0.06) t
y 2575(1.06) t
1
8
3. T
A 10,000(1.0745) 4
A 13,329.86
Aaron will have $13,329.86 at the end of 4 years.
19.
2. v
7779
The orbital velocity of the satellite is about
P(400) 335(1.007) 400

5455.48076
There will be about 5,455,480,760 people in Asia
in 2050.
r nt
Chapter 11 Radical Expressions

and Triangles
The area of the square is 0.153125 square miles.

A s2
0.153125 s2
10.153125 s
0.3913 s
The length of a side of the square is about
0.3913 mile, which is 0.3913 5280 or about
2066 feet.
780
9. c2 a2 b2
c2 (2066) 2 (2066) 2
c2 8,536,712
c 18,536,712
c 2922
The diagonal distance is about 2922 feet.
10. Tyrones distance from the store is the length of the
hypotenuse of a right triangle with legs 32 and 45.
16. Let A represent the angle of elevation.
c2 a2 b2
c2 (32) 2 (45) 2
c2 3049
c 13049
c 55
No; the distance is about 55 blocks which is about
55 12 (there are 12 blocks per mile) or 4.6 mi.
11. Sample answer: 40 blocks south and 45 blocks
west; 38 blocks north and 47 blocks west
Page 864
377
sin A 745
A sin1
30
The angle of elevation is about 30

.
1. p
Chapter 12 Rational Expressions

and Equations
1
f
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
P
2
1
12. d 2(x x ) 2 (y y ) 2
2
1
2
1
side 1: d 2(3 1) 2 (2 1) 2
4
2(4) 2 12
117
2
1m
(5
2(8) (6)
164 36
1100
10
2. f 20 cm 100 cm 0.2 m
1) 2
p 0.2 5 diopters
1m
3. f 40 cm 100 cm 0.4 m

1
p 0.4 2.5 diopters

4. Sample answer: One value is negative and the
other is positive.
The perimeter is 10 117 165 or about

22.19 units.
13. The new vertices are (2, 2), (6, 4), and (14, 10).
d 2(x2 x1 ) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2
side 1: d 2(6
2) 2
(4
5. y x2
2) 2
2
1
1
4
1
4
2(8) 2 22
168 or 2117
4
3
2
1
side 2: d 2(14 (6)) 2 (10 4) 2

2(8) 2 (14) 2
1260 or 2165
2
side 3: d 2(14 2) 2 (10 2) 2
2x
The graph looks like an inverse variation graph

except it lies in Quadrants I and II, consecutive
quadrants, not opposite quadrants.
6. The values of x must be positive since x
represents distance.
2(16) 2 (12) 2
1400 or 20
The perimeter is 20 2117 2165 or about
44.37 units.
14. Yes; the ratio of each pair of corresponding sides
is 1:2.
15.
745 ft
4f
2
2(4) 2 (7) 2
165
side 3: d 2(7
O
1
side 2: d 2(7 (3) ) 2 (5 2) 2
1) 2
1377
745 2
8.
d
t
d
t
9.
157 ft 60 min
1 mi
1 h 5280 ft
1 min
7.
250
5
50 157 ft/min

1.8 mi/h
377 ft
781
10. 0.232x 13,063,000

x 56,306,034 vehicles
11.
5.79 1010 mi
5.79
Mercury: 1.86 105 mi/s 1.86 105 s

Venus:
Earth:
Mars:
1.08 1011 mi
1.86 105 mi/s
11
1.496 10 mi
1.86 105 mi/s
2.28 1011 mi
1.86 105 mi/s
1.08
1.86
1.496
1.86
11
7.78 10 mi
105 mi/s
Jupiter: 1.86
2.28
1.86
13,405 min
20,430 min
7.78
1.86 106 sec
1.43 1012 mi
1.43
2.87 10
mi
2.87
Pluto:
12.
4.50
1.86
1 min
60 s
1 min
60 s
Uranus: 1.86 105 mi/s 1.86 107 s

4.50 1012 mi
1.86 105 mi/s
9677 min
1 min
106 sec 60 s
1 min
60 s
1 min
107 s 60 s
3.
226,338
257,808
191,310
215,180
95,195
91,738
181,596
198,484
77,691
78,282
Y
Y; B I
AI
96,946
100,377
111,486
106,621
291,079
321,586
370,522
436,790
85,487
80,785
4. Each matrix has ten rows and one column. Both
matrices are 10 1.
5. P A B
69,713 min
128,136 min
257,168 min
403,226 min
9400 6900
9400 6900 3800 17,400 11,700 3300 5400
16,300
163
57,900 579
13. 35 5 7
50 2 5 5
75 3 5 5
LCM 2 3 5 5 7 or 1050
Celeste should order 1050 bricks.
14.
1
2
257,808
226,338
215,180
191,310
91,738
95,195
198,484
181,596
78,282
77,691
I
YI
Y
100,377
96,946
106,621
111,486
321,586
291,079
436,790
370,522
80,785
85,487
yd 8 yd 14 yd
4
8 8 4

4 5 10
8
19
3

28 yd
8
3
15. No; they need 28 yd for one of each type. Then

3
30 28 yd is not a whole number, so they cannot
257,808 226,338
215,180 191,310
91,738 95,195
198,484 181,596
78,282 77,691
I
Y
100,377 96,946
106,621 111,486
321,586 291,079
436,790 370,522
80,785 85,487
use the entire bolt by making an equal number of

each type.
16. Rick rate:
Phil rate:
1
x
6
2
x
12
1 house
6 days
1 house
4 days
4x 1
3
12x 1
5
x
12
1
x
31,470
23,870
3457
16,888
591
Y
I
3431
4865
30,507
66,268
4702
6. Matrix P represents the difference in the
populations of the ten cities between 1999
and 1990.
12
5
x 2.4
It will take 2.4 days.
Chapter 13 Statistics
1. Sample answer: The sample contained students

ages 1418.
2. Sample answers: How were the students chosen?
Was it random or were they volunteers? Were the
students given only certain careers as choices?
How many students responded?
5188 min
1 min
60 s
Saturn: 1.86 105 mi/s 1.86 107 s

12
1 min
60 s
1 min
106 s 60 s
106 s
Page 865
782
9a. Order the low temperatures from least to

greatest.
80, 70, 69, 66, 61, 60, 60, 60, 58,
54, 54, 52, 51, 50, 50, 50, 48, 48,
47, 47, 46, 45, 42, 40, 40, 40, 39,
37, 37, 36, 36, 35, 34, 34, 32, 32,
30, 29, 29, 27, 27, 25, 23, 19, 19,
17, 17, 16, 2, 12
The greatest temperature is 12, and the least
temperature is 80. Thus, the range is
12 (80) or 92
F.
9b. There are 50 temperatures total. The lower
quartile is the median of the 25 smallest
temperatures. The lower quartile is 51
F. The
upper quartile is the median of the 25 greatest
temperatures. The upper quartile is 29
F.
9c. The interquartile range is 29 (51) or 22
F.
9d. An outlier would be 1.5(22) or 33
F less than the
lower quartile or greater than the upper
quartile. There are no temperatures in the list
less than 51 33 or 84
F. There is one
temperature, 12
F, greater than 29 33 or
4
F. There is one outlier, 12
F.
10. Low Temperatures:
Since there are an even number of temperatures,
the median is the mean of the 25th and 26th
temperatures.
7. The matrix P shows that three cities had a

decrease in population. For each of these cities,
find the percent decrease using the absolute value
of the number from matrix P as the change and
the 1990 population as the base.
Elmira, NY:
3457
95,195
100
345,700 95,195r
345,700
95,195
r
3.6 r
Lawton, OK:
4865
111,486
100
486,500 111,486r
486,500
111,486
r
4.4 r
Pine Bluff, AR:
4702
85,487
100
470,200 85,487r
470,200
85,487
r
5.5 r
Pine Bluff, AR has the greatest percent decrease.
8a. Order the high temperatures from least to
greatest.
100, 100, 104, 105, 105, 106, 106, 107, 108, 108,
109, 110, 110, 110, 110, 111, 111, 112, 112, 112,
112, 113, 113, 114, 114, 114, 114, 114, 115, 116,
117, 117, 117, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 119,
120, 120, 120, 120, 121, 121, 122, 125, 128, 134
There are an even number of temperatures, so
find the mean of the 25th and 26th temperatures,
which are both 114.
114 114
2
40 (40)
2
The median is 40.

We found the other information necessary to
construct the plot for the low temperatures in
Exercise 9.
High Temperatures:
We found the median in Exercise 8.
The greatest temperature is 134, and the least
temperature is 100. Thus, the range of the high
temperatures is 134 100 or 34
F.
The lower quartile is the median of the 25
smallest temperatures. The lower quartile is
110
F. The upper quartile is the median of the
25 greatest temperatures. The upper quartile is
118
F.
The interquartile range is 118 110 or 8
F.
An outlier would be 1.5(8) or 12
F less than the
lower quartile or greater than the upper quartile.
There are no high temperatures less than
110 12 or 98
F. There is one high temperature,
134
F, greater than 118 12 or 130
F.
Complete the parallel box-and-whisker plot.
114
The median high temperature is 114

F.
8b. Sample answer:
Frequency
Record High Temperatures

in United States
25
20
15
10
5
0
100109
109118
118127
40
127136
Temperature (F)
8c. Sample answer: More than half of the states had

high temperatures of less than 118
F. Only two
states had temperatures over 126
F.
8d. Yes; to find the median, you must order the data
from least to greatest. Then it is easier to place
the values into measurement classes.
80 60 40
783
20
20
100
120
140
3. The four most expensive arrangements are listed.

deluxe, velvet, orchids, large
deluxe, velvet, orchids, small
deluxe, satin, orchids, large
deluxe, satin, orchids, small
Find the cost of each of these.
$12.00 $3.00 $35.00 $2.50 or $52.50
$12.00 $3.00 $35.00 $1.75 or $51.75
$12.00 $2.00 $35.00 $2.50 or $51.50
$12.00 $2.00 $35.00 $1.75 or $50.75
4. This problem involves combinations since the
order of the letters is not important. Find the
number of combinations of 12 letters taken 4 at a
time.
10a. Sample answer: The range of the low

temperatures is much greater than the range of
the high temperatures. Both data sets have one
outlier at the high end of the data set.
10b. The range of the low temperatures is almost
3 times greater than the range of the high
temperatures.
11. AL
139
LA
130
OH
152
AK
180
ME
153
OK
147
AZ
157
MD
149
OR
173
AR
149
MA
142
PA
153
CA
179
MI
163
RI
129
CO
179
MN
174
SC
130
CT
138
MS
134
SD
178
DE
127
MO
158
TN
145
FL
110
MT
187
TX
143
GA
129
NE
165
UT
186
HI
88
NV
175
VT
155
ID
178
NH
152
VA
140
IL
153
NJ
144
WA
166
IN
152
NM
172
WV
149
IA
165
NY
160
WI
168
KS
161
NC
144
WY
180
KY
151
ND
181
11a. Sample answer:
C
n r
C
12 4

P
n r
Frequency
P
10
8
6
4 3
130139
140- 150149 159
160169
170179
180189
Temperature (F)
11b. Sample answer: More than half of the states had

temperature differences between 129
F and 170
F.
Page 866
Chapter 14 Probability
1. There are 3 choices for the vase, 2 choices for the

ribbon, 3 choices for the flowers, and 2 choices for
the card. Use the Fundamental Counting
Principle.
3 2 3 2 36
There are 36 possible floral arrangements.
2. The most expensive vase is $12.00, the most
expensive ribbon is $3.00, the most expensive
flowers are $35.00, and the most expensive card is
$2.50. So, the most expensive arrangement costs
$12.00 $3.00 $35.00 $2.50 or $52.50.
The least expensive vase is $5.00, the least
expensive ribbon is $2.00, the least expensive
flowers are $12.00, and the least expensive card is
$1.75. So, the least expensive arrangement costs
$5.00 $2.00 $12.00 $1.75 or $20.75.
n!
(n r)!
4!
(4 3)!
4!
1!
4! or 24
There are 24 different three-letter arrangements
of the four letters.
6. The 24 different arrangements of the four letters
are listed.
ATR
ART
ATE
AET
ARE
AER
TAR
TRA
TAE
TEA
TRE
TER
RAT
RTA
RAE
REA
RTE
RET
EAT
ETA
EAR
ERA
ETR
ERT
Of these, 9 are words: ART, ATE, ARE, TAR, TEA,
RAT, EAT, EAR, and ERA.
7. Hidalgo had 175 hits and a total of 558 times at
bat.
4
2
0
120129
495
Melissa can choose the four letters in 495

different ways.
5. This problem involves permutations since the
order of the letters is important. Find the number
of permutations of 4 letters taken 3 at a time.
Difference in High and Low Temperatures
80119
n!
(n r)!r!
12!
(12 4)!4!
12!
8!4!
12 11 10 9 8!
8!4!
12 11 10 9
or
4!
P(Hidalgo gets hit)
175
558
or about 0.31
8. Compute the probabilities for the other three

players.
161
P(Alou gets hit) 454 or about 0.36

68
P(Ward gets hit) 264 or about 0.26

73
P(Cedeno gets hit) 259 or about 0.28

Alou has the greatest probablity of getting a hit
his next time at bat.
9. These events are independent.
P(both get hit)
P(Ward gets hit) P(Cedeno gets hit)
0.26 0.28 or about 0.07
784
14. There are six possible outcomes for each of the

five digits. Use the Fundamental Counting
Principle.
6 6 6 6 6 7776
There are 7776 possible numbers.
15. Sample answer: Roll five dice and record the
results each time. Each roll represents one person
picking a winning number.
16. See students work. The theoretical probability is
1
or about 0.00013.
7776
10. He should choose Alou and Hidalgo, the two

players with the highest individual probabilities
of getting the next hit.
P(both get hit)
P(Alou gets hit) P(Hidalgo gets hit)
0.36 0.31 or about 0.11
11. Yes; the probability for each value of X is greater
than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, and
0.053 0.284 0.323 0.198 0.142 1, so
the probabilities add up to 1.
12. P(under 20) 0.053
13. P(50 or older) P(50 64) P(65 and over)
0.198 0.142 or 0.34
785

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Algebra I - Solutions Manual

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Solutions Manual

The Language of Algebra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Solving Linear Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Graphing Relations and Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Analyzing Linear Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

Solving Linear Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

Solving Systems of Linear Equations and Inequalities . . . . . . 305

Quadratic and Exponential Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438

Radical Expressions and Triangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491

Rational Expressions and Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533

Prerequisite Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633

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The Language of Algebra

The perimeter is 5 2 feet.

18. One-half implies multiply by 2, and cube implies

Practice and Apply

11. The word sum implies add, so the expression can

The perimeter is 135 4 feet.

Check for Understanding

1. Algebraic expressions include variables and

Variables and Expressions

19. The word for implies multiply. So the amount of

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47. You can use the expression 4s to find the

20. The word square implies raise to the second

28. 1003 100 100 100

Maintain Your Skills

43. Sum implies add, and product implies multiply.

Check for Understanding

1. Sample answer: First add the numbers in

46. The area of the square can be represented by the

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Practice and Apply

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29. Evaluate n(2n 3) for n 4.

31. Evaluate 60(7.5) 70(5) 50(7.5) 90(5).

40. 100 cells after

250 cells after

1442443 123 1442443 123 1442443 123 1442443

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44. Sample answer: Using 1, 2, 3:

Maintain Your SkillsMaintain Your Skills

51. Product implies multiply, so the expression can be

1. Sample answer: An open sentence contains an

The solution of 3x  7 29 is 12.

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11. Replace x in 3(12  x)  2 28 with each value

5. Replace x in 12(x  8) 84 with each value in

1.5 3(12  1.5)  2 28 S 29.5 28

7.211.2 22 25.92 S 23.04 25.92

7.211.4 22 25.92 S 24.48 25.92

7.211.6 22 25.92 S 25.92 25.92

7.211.8 22 25.92 S 27.36 25.92

Practice and Apply

The solution of 34  b 22 is 12.

The solution set for 24  2x

15. Replace b in 34  b 22 with each value in the

The solution of b  12 9 is 21.

The solution of 7.2(x 2) 25.92 is 1.6.

14. Replace b in b  12 9 with each value in the

7. Replace x in 7.2(x 2) 25.92 with each value in

1442443 123 1442443 123 1442443 14243 1442443

6. Replace x in x 5 1 20 with each value in the

The solution of 3x 7 29 is 12.

11. Replace x in 3(12 x) 2 28 with each value

5. Replace x in 12(x 8) 84 with each value in

1.5 3(12 1.5) 2 28 S 29.5 28

The solution of 34 b 22 is 12.

The solution set for 24 2x

15. Replace b in 34 b 22 with each value in the

The solution of b 12 9 is 21.

14. Replace b in b 12 9 with each value in the

The solution set for 3(12 x) 2 28 is {2, 2.5, 3}.

The solution of 12(x 8) 84 is 15.

2.5 3(12 2.5) 2 28 S 26.5 28

19. Replace b in 3 2 4 with each value in the

18. Replace a in 4 0 with each value in the

p 4 [7(8) 4(25) 12]

35. p 4 [7(23 ) 4(52 ) 6(2) ]

p 4 [56 100 12]

36. n 8 [6(32 ) 2(43 ) 2(7) ]

n 8 [54 128 14]

n 8 [6(9) 2(64) 14]

37. Replace a in a 2 6 with each value in the

The solution set for a 7 22 is {13, 14}.

The solution set for a 2 6 is {6, 7}.

44. Replace b in 2b 5 with each value in the

39n 10.95 102.50

The solution set for 6a 5

The solution set for 4a 3

The solution set for 2b 5 is 1, 12, 2 .