You are on page 1of 140

Noli

Me

Edited

The

Series

Quarter-Centennial

Tangere

Craig

Austin

by

Philippines
A

Century

BY

Hence

Jose

Manila

Philippine

Rizal

Education

34

Escolta

1912

Company

Copyright

1912

Austin

Craig

BY

Registered

in

the

Philippine

(on

999132

Islands.

Intr

Introduction.

As

published

originally

was

fortnightly

review

through

running
1889,

It

and

and

the

Mr.

Charles

its

the

issues

and

Filipino

of

from

Madrid,

September,

"The

Social

"The

has

Greed"

those

English

by

fortunately

his

in

of

Reign

into

is

given
who

Me

Filibusterismo",

"El

here

"Noli

novel

great

sequel

Derbyshire

rendered

so

pily
hap-

masterpieces

Rizal.

The

reference

President

had

Harrison

that,

because

natives'

of

natural

in

the

mind

blundering,
a

groundless
rights,

makes

Rizal

Doctor

which

of-his-grandfather's

the

Solidaridad",

translation

Cancer"

of

"La

Rizal's

supplements

Tangere"

the

in

serially

article

this

Afios",

1890.

January,

to

deCien

dentro

"Filipiiias

grandson-

wavering
fear

put

of

his

to

policy

infringing
country

in

INTRODUCTION

10

false

the

exploitation,
along

with

taking

international

by

that

the

In

with

republic

its

and

resulted

became

warning

against
and

became

of

fairer

of

to

rational
ir-

altruism.

international

and

history

agreement
dis-

could

disillusioned,

Washington's

recalled

party

by

agreement"

with

entanglements
a

into

American

modern

of

student

tardily

be

would

until, disefusted

States

United

greedy

of

acclaimed

of

cause

any

trous
disased
achiev-

was

international

"the

that

America

triumph

example

an

constant

of

story

preponderating

was

as

that

foretold,

powers

which

too,

unhampered.

scheme

as

the

by

republic

the

diplomats

acting

the

day

abnegation

have

created

monarchies

idealists

It

told

has

agreement

two

alliance

than

England.

flattering unsophisticated

believing
an

and

dissembling

the

Europe

in

leonine

condition

unhappy

Samoa's

in

portion,

the

Stevenson

Louis

share

to

wanting

Germany

Eobert

the

of

light

real

foreign

partition,

11

INTRODUCTION

was

compensated

parts

of

already

what

it

seven

years

as

her

old,

There

for

their

their

under

and

would

alliance"

for

or

the

"great

diplomats
nonentities

would

still

of

the
in

be

States,

United

Holland,

republic"

should

"Great
world

outvoted.

rule

Powers"

politics,

by

tion
neutraliza-

the

pelago
Archi-

the

of

life.

Their

"entangling
with

six

and

China
be

"

suffer

another

mean

including

nine

forced

German

his

gave

the

to

unpractical

of

agreement
Rizal

the

now

rest

start.

themselves

seeking

are

which

success

ungentle
not

by international
for

stripe

the
and

mistakes,

the

discouragedathaving

under
victims

the

bearing

Philippine
same

twenty-

took

from

planned

"given"

was

cession

other

in

States

Germany

"

not

philanthropists,
Samoans

held

the

that

the

United

this

is

incident

the

had

emperor

England

part.

concessions

with

world,

the

lamb's

the

playing

time

this

but

with

if

Spain,
by

allowed
to

allies,

invite
whom

the

these
she

12

INTRODUCTION

Rizal's
factor
the

reference
the

in

Philippines'
of

prediction

Jagor,

who

months

in

America

to

future

German

the

about
the

as

spent
later

observations,

supplemented

by

further

in

"Travels

as

title

the

poor
better

by

Spanish

Ateneo

de

Paciano

Rizal

Jose

himself
Father

the

by

Rizal's

the

from

hopes
the

which

prophecy
life.
for

the

of
Cavite

furnishes
His

policy

industrial

very
much

in

and

the

by

younger

blighted

for

teacher,
tion.
insurrec-

explanation
of

use

transferred

alleged

the

"

his

beloved

his

to

the

and
been

seums,
mu-

supplied

directed

had

of

and

student

copy

education

execution
in

his

years

read

who

Mercado

public

countrymen

while

version

ten

translation,
Rizal

of

published

Philippines",

way.

Manila,

Burgos,

Jagor's

the

English

political

brother's
to

the

of

one,

in

Feodor

libraries

European

upon

number

and

study

based

is

traveller

1860

Islands

possible

preparing
commercial

to

his

INTRODUCTION

competition
this

in

with

done

reading
but

years

tragic public
private
in

Jagor,
his

friends,
events

the

had

enabled

with

that

foretells

develop
Morga's
1

609)

to

painted
was

the

the

morrow's

his

History

sketchod

of

future

its

the

the

history

condition

observer
that

of

for

then

its

fast

progress

fortune

to

foretell

meteorologist

weather.

Noli
in

which

El

to

republished

He

past.
and

tried

Rizal

acumen

(first published

present,
the

the

countrymen.

their

recall

became

knowledge
with

and

geographer

the

trained

political

their

tional
sensa-

Professor

met

how

certainty

same

in

in

contact

with

as

admirer

true

acquaintance

the

close

well

Rizal

brilliant

which

like

Doctor

bringing

and

youth

through

discussing

Philippines

was

distinguished

but

often

was

he

as

inspiration

its

sorrows.

the

youthful

fact

events

Berlin,

and

had

when

in

mature

When

have

to

seems

13

Mexico

in
Me

in

Tangere

Filibusterismo

continuance

upon

14

INTRODUCTION

their

then

and

of
to

year,

previous

being
the

mainly

censors'

criticism.

Eizal

and

countrymen
divided

land

their

points

came

an

united

death,

the

fact

differences

hope
as

recognize
the

that
to

that
to

the

extracts

voiced
the

Philippines,

in

the

that

difference

both
him

cited

were

and

hero

cease

there

since

Now,

American

properly

his

and

and

his

insular

makes

sible
pos-

based

misunderstandings

the

in

themselves

among

continental

may

his

agreed

were

their

in

of

these

disappeared

as

his
their

elements

all

one

of

aspirations

different

the

print,

from

recognized

details
that

to

come

Philippines.

look

the

by

vital, dissension

not

Americans

of

issue

had

which

upon

were

in

as

native

essentials

that

life

in

initial

planned

which

writings

possiblities,

misunderstanding

the

correct

Philippines

other

the

Rizal

known

Jose

the

been

which

ten

"The

suggests

have

to

sepms

series

Hence"

Century

bring.

innst

course

on

pinos
Fili-

when
Government

approached,

is will-

INTRODUCTION

iug

to

and

when

of

people

with

so

wounded

Rizal

better

may

Rizal

Americans

the

there

only

that

of

little

even

were

knowledge
accomplish

ant,
import-

democracy,

salve

the

to

would

Eizal

as

the

that

unaccustomed

some

amor

considered

understand

Philippines,

discussions

frank

if

all

grant

15

asked

for

be

of

tent
con-

Spain

their

tingly
unwit-

i^roino.

of

this

the

writings
desirable

of

mation.
consum-

Jose

"I

do

write

not

other

for

If

generation.

this

for

could

this

they

read

ages.

me,

burn

would

work

the

books,

the

these

other

my

hand,

generation

the

will

writings

life.

whole

of

my

On

ing:
writam

be

which

educated

interprets

they

generation;

an

will

the

night-time

all

asleep

say:

me

in

'Not

and

understand

were

grandparents'."

of
our

7756
"

Philosopher

'Tasio,

in

Noli

Me

Tangere.

Prophecy

The

Prompted
which

RizAL's

Preparation

Policy
of

Philippines
FOR

THE

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jAGOR's

This

of

is

fxtract

in

"Reisen

Berlin

old

the

of

can

and

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is

and

reforms.

foreign

ideas

self

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afforded

blow

to

more

the

of
the

will

old

the

foreign

customs

troduced,
in-

are

ment,
enlighten-

prosperity,

respect

for

direction

the

in

and

secluded

kept

The

the

impatiently

be

made

liberal

increasing

more

of

possible

facility

step

great

and

capital

Jagor:

conditions

changed

intercourse

broad

longer

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longer

no

world.

commercial

system,

F.

ron

time.

colony

from

the

with

present
"The

is

situation

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the

PhiUppinen

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:"fti7-289

r\

187.

"The

Pages

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translated

population,

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evils

existing

endured.

"England
unconcernedly
are

united

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to

to

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open

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The

possessions
British

country

onies
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by

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20

JAGOR'S

bond
of

mutual

of

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raw

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by

organization

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to

is

It

which

Spain,

property,
it to

any

and

useful

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the

disregard

of

States,
of

causes

same

but

powerful

United

downfall

the

without

the

business

political

as

an

of

power

at

memberment
dis-

with

different

colony

monopolies

insolent

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are

ed
inherit-

turning

account.

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castes

by

eigners
for-

the

affected,

be

entirely
the

possesses

all

English

extent,

so

with

possessions

scarcely

marked

any

is

commerce

nearly

for

agents

part

English

England

her

that

capital,

for

of

British

the

in

English

same

of

complete,

so

even

the

the

wealth

The

the

of

of

production

viz., the

means

exchange

manufactures.

great,

PROPHECY

the

and

rigorously

Creoles,
the

were

and

monopolies

have

to

the
said

half-

the

example

reasons

possessions.

ruin
1

the

chief

American

threaten

of

neglect

ed,
maintain-

of

of
the
The

Philippines;
enough.

22

JAGOR'S

come

into

alone

is

direct

together;

China,

with

cultivable

three

times

the

future

present

baffles

the

the

the

human

"The
the

shores

Atlantic
for

world

our

fall

of

traffic.

the

commerce,

of

the

world

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as

of

Ocean

When

first

with

may

of

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the
be

at

probably

have

when

earth.

the

the

justment
ad-

and

hand,

one

of

all

necessity

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on

power

problem."
confined

was

sufficed
the

at

really

the
time

one

of

shores

sounds
world

to

and

Mediterranean;

trade

almost

support

ancients

Oceans

re-echoed

Pacific

America,

intercourse

surplus

the

Indian

and

race;

The

the

on

on

the

of

bounds

immeasurable

great

shall

narrow

consequences
the

world

the

Pacific

will

labor-power

other,

the

in

powers

correspondingly
the

to

all calculations.

between
for

human

of

population

role

important

more

her

enough

entire

other

two

within

soil

Russia's

of

of

which

Russia,

divisions

two

which

third

intercourse:
than

greater

contains

PROPHECY

of
and
said

the
to

the

active
tory
hishave

PROPHECY

JAGOR'S

besrun.

A
whereas

made;

not

ocean

visited

places
but

and

on

the

is

to

ranking
"But

in

western

of
the

the

assert

Americans

germ

itself

As

by

its

the
to

the

conquerors

capital

of

the

great

colonies

called

upon

Spaniards
of

to

the

Sea,

republic

will

not

to

bring

its full

fail
The

also.

New

the

influence

South

Philippines

be

already

seaports.

the
the

from

commerce

over

of

divided

extends

which

which,

flourishing

greatest
the

as

Spanish
in

appear

planted

and

America

the

over

ever

ness,
wilder-

with

cities,

world's

spell

ensnaring

had

unknown

an

and

elements

American

exercises
to

of

year.

ship

covered

proportion

coast

once

the

was

now

the

among

only

exception

railway,

versed
tra-

with

towns

by

sea

waters,

country

coast,

which

mense
im-

wonderful

ago,

years

prosperous

sea

that

California,

of

scarcely

the

ago

waste

points

1769

to

twenty-five
few

wide

been

has

long

very

one

both

1603

direction

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so

was

from
From

in

start

23

the

opment.
devel-

World,

24

PROPHECY

JAGOR'S

the

ot

representatives
contradistinction
the

with

and
had

sword.

since

that

which

could

during

Spanish

ensued

after

Spanish

direct

through

privileged
drain

feeble

her

her

so

forces

America

from

forward,

are

and

power
much

the

element

soil, free

the

less

long

from
all

of

draws

all lands;
and

through

itself
and

the

these

restlessly
ther
fur-

extending
The

the

the

to

besides,

to

trammels,

escape

colonies

metropolis

influence.

ican.
Amer-

them

(with,

the

run,

the

continually

which

the

over

exhausts

and

best

its

energetic

pushing

will

of

the

appropriation

classes,

either

anarchy

prevail

former

population),

most

on

the

In

it.

cannot

system

the

has,

and

anticipated

during

or

from

and

While

the

rule

America

importance

an

been

have

not

and

cross

States,

attained

occurred,

the

where

with

United

the

follow

they

pioneer

way

in

citizens

part of Spanish

considerable
to

the

the

opened

free

of

nobility,
of

plow

belongs

already

the

to

axe

Spaniards

body

Philippines

influence

of

the

JAGOR'S

two

the

islands

of

for

too

thus

training
for

active,
have

dreamed

that

the

be

soon

far

has

in

success

most

away

here

as

inconsiderate

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facts,

sufficiently
contest

youth."

in

tion
condi-

desirable

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opinions

not

tlie

are

It

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neither

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metropolis

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2;j

PROPHECY

with

expressed
for

their

prepared
those

peoples;

less,
rest-

th^y

The

A
Philippines

Century
Hence

The

Philippines

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Century

1.

OLLOWING

the

squarely
questions

the

bring

article

In

to

necessary
for

the

terms

what

to

Spanish

wars

people,

of

be

of

people,

its

and

past,

reduced

in

it

is

this,

general

and

in

they

the

had

efforts

of

these

attached

been

they

ambitions

and

book

may

than

crown

and

present

follows.

had

blood

the

in

destiny

the

Philippines,

Scarcely

their

the

open

frankness

future.

their

read

to

without

our

shall

we

us,

of

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order

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upon

delicate

and

Philippines,

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to

facing

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custom

difficult

most

relating

weighing
may

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struggles,

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of

in

the

with

sustain

to

of

to

sons

the

the

Spanish

that

terrible

when

crisis

PHILIPPINES

THE

32

its
beliefs

laws,

Philippines

the

confidence

without
without
for

hope

faith

in

the

years

had

who
and

them

endeavored

dead

tree,

them

the

perhaps

masters,

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like

liberty

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to

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era

fond

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rulers
fear

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habituated
from

leaves
liad

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people,

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knew

nor

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to

morphosis,
meta-

former

The

their

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im-

their

with

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come.

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to

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easily changed

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Then

began

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gradually

their

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learn
not

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merely

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caught

"

and

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ment,
govern-

religion

customs,

usages,

of

its form

chaiij^es

people

HENCE

CENTURY

songs,

by

lost

their

other

heart

understand,
from

poetry,

those

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forgot
their

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ancient

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they

"

Filipinos.

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for

ethics,

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in

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in

laws,
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ferent
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THE

PHILIPPINES

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country,

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in

incomprehensible:

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centuries

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arrayed

images

and

33

Then

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foreign

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years

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ashamed

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CENTURY

of

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sermons,

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and
of

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intellects
the

individual

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re.

to

34

PHILIPPINES

THE

of

sort

toiler,

develop

to

end

the

sought
the

granted,
made

who

trying

there

only

deny

Then

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His

sensitiveness,

the

was

touched,

while

to

suffer

it not

study

was

acteristic,
charand

ests
pri-

further

the

also

when

with
himself

had

by
not

country
the

even

dency
ten-

the

and
and

dying

heroic

die

they
insults
and

he

had

under

woke

of

the

had

served

he

and

jests.

to

realize

the

foreign

whom

persons

climax

spirit
trait

be

remedy.

its

lethargic
chief

would

thought

reached

insults, and

sacrifices

for

human

Some

by

the

had

of

but

they

health

to

great

to

effort

still

salvation.

sure

was

restored

So

an

writers

even

natives

virtue

taken

vice.

to

are

for

was

every

movement

the

to

capacity

were

the

pushed
to

virtue,

it every

and

it

insulted,

was

Then

heart.

or

revealed,

was

race

deny

to

mind

and

burden,

of

beast

without

race

brute,

HENCE

CENTURY

Then
his

with
to

life.

native,
ance
forbear-

flag,

repaid
he

he
his

began

misfortune.

PHILIPPINES

THE

Those

had

who

despotic

death,

regarded

thus

endeavoring
with

sorrow

and

blood,

they

like

all

every

wrong
it

punished

stifle

to

.'io

result,

as

and

protest,

every

HENCE

this

expected

not

masters,

complaint,

CENTURY

with
of

cry

every

made

mistake

after

not

thereby

cowed,

mistake.

The
and

hearts,

few

the

when

flame

it

fan

blow,

each

not

lacking

the

dominant

cowardly

blast

to

abrses
classes

certain

fear

garment,
and

more,

the

from

and

generous
race

humanity
ones

all this

during

Undoubtedly

of

thanks

Thus

sentiments.

more

is

surely

and

fusion
con-

each

and
bellows

to

life.

it into

rights

only

in

was

of

generous

catches

propagate
shake,

nevertheless

endeavors

and

noble

awakened

propagated,

stupid

stifle

to

was

been

flame

its

consumingly

and

people
it had

though

even

and

the

spirit of

among

that

noble

tried

and

time

to

spirits
struggle

justice,
the

there

dominated

or

sordid
that

were

among
for

the
and

aided

36

debasement

the

PHILIPPINES

THE

of

and

exceptions

were

their

CENTURY

are

both

But

country.

own

we

HENCE

speaking

in

general

past.

We

know

terms.

8uch
their

is

the

Spanish
Will

kind

what

Will

hands

for

of

live

to

of

be

And

other

nations,

all

of

both

according

covered.

When

life

and

of

people,

movement!

reply

to

them

how

this

mother

the

from

fall

to

the

into

themselves

ally

to

stage,

made?

be

to

or

powers?

answered,

condition,

or

with

Spain,

have

independently,

impossible

to

will

colony?

of

reach

to

separated

neighboring
is

of

be

to

kind

what

be?

future

continue

province

sacrifices

they

country

It

autonomy?

without

with

become

they

if so,

and

their

will

Islands

Philippine

colony,

their

what

Now,

present.

Will

of

outline

an

to

there
much

is

less

beings
So

yi"s

the

these

to

and

no

in

nature

must

there

that

to

be

order

be

fixed

no

with
in

be

may

desired

time

endowed

it is

questions,

in

the

mobility
to

deal

II.

"\

/"HAT

Had

this

when

ago,

ofP,

yoke

over

have

the

death

doubt

been

of

the

the

descendants

Gat

Salakab

independence

of

the

of

was

in

vain

and,

of

assured,

those

querable
uncon-

within

Magalats,
Gat

heroic

the

enthusiastic

nourished

the

Province

it

the

to

and

Pulintang

of

was

it

reply

the

to

country,

shake

to

spirit

who

spirit

pinos
Fili-

undeceived

To

easy.

liberty

centuries

whatsoever

Kagayanes
themselves

to

Malayan

the

tried

heavy,

any

three

gradually

be

to

without

would

continue

they

asked

been

Legazpi's

at

the

Will

question

began
finding

in
with-

Philippines

the

colony?

Spanish

of

century?

ba

become

will

merely

Batangas,

ques-

PHILIPPINES

THE

42

But

effort.

experience,

only
extend

neck

beneath

with

the

the

At

but

of

and

that

discerns

three

accustomed

generation,
better

adapted

Now,

then,

condition

For

to

are

they
the

of

the

begotten

the

native

the

chains,
order

new

the

Philippines

three

were

liberal

in

Filipinos

remains
have

amid

winter

of

neck

his

the
the

not

had

and

each

of

come
be-

new

constantly

was

things.
in

the

same

ago?

centuries

Spaniards

people

the

yoke,

the

to

watches

who

justified pessimism

passed,

centuries

his

future

outlines

the

discord

time

the

long

it

bow

chains,

the

itself, and

invalid

an

lower
in

accept

foresees

he

snows

grave.
"

fall

and

yoke

the

the

to

resignation

leaves

whose

hands

his

order,
dis-

the

disunion

presented

answer

one

and

in

and

sad

by

discord

brutalization

and

ed
determin-

disillusioned

everywhere

saw

HENCE

making

who,

discouragement

classes,

was:

him

for

apathy

upper,

and

getting together

of

tion

CENTURY

ethical

same,

advanced;

tion
condithat
for

is,
the

THE

PHILIPPINES

friars

and

their

redeemed

froni

and

good

aside

Laying
get

then

and

so

Let

us

feel

may

only

motives

the

two

flaunted

or

of

the
let

Spain;

the

gratitude;

slavery

so

let

at

not

as

draw

us

situation
order

in

that

time

many

hatred

to

be

can

we

three

spark
see

between

nation
domi-

of

centuries

single

exist

assertions

the

in

moment,

there

that

admit

may

jealousy

awakened

native

Filipinos

for

suppose

and

us

that

not

and

us

the

loyalty

writers,

let

races;

have
heart

possible

over

for

by

into

present,

at

Spanish

with

along

the

all

versa.

pass
for

falls

political

the

not

vice

spirit

decay

subject,

our

situation

was

or

now,

have

considerations,

between

the

if what

see

these

parallel

brief

they

retrograded.

from

away

been

ethics,

as

that

people

have

is, they

to

of

qualities

that

decayed,

have

customs

is,

Filipinos

many

have

people

that

savagery,

for

progressed;

the

followers

43

HENCE

CENTURY

the
of

whether

sensitive
affection

or

not

44

the

Spanish

CENTURY

PHILIPPINES

THE

gained

has

cause

HENCE

in

ground

the

Islands.

the

among
three

hundred

neighboring

British

by

Japanese,

and

violent

always

dependent

were

disturbances

the

Islands,

upon
trade.

infested

Spanish

or

and

one

Then
with

name,

which

the
frail

was

fleet, generally
when

south,

not

wars

against
harassed

tribe

some

in

with

the

Mexico

difficult; frequent

the
life

ruling

the

among

nearly

treasury
of
that

seas

in
all

colonists

the

ship

pirates,

the

long

in

the

and

the

about

among

ceaselessly

and

whom

of

also

in

rare

soldiers,

scattered

were

occupied

the

empty,

Chinese

slow,

upheld

many

communication

was

in

powers

most,

but

Chinese,

Then

Spain

of

and

Dutch,

and

and

handful

Mohammedans

the

interior

at

nations,

the

against

was

Islands

the

in

only

not

authority
a

trade

in

engaged

were

by

natives

five

to

Spanish

the

Formerly

handled
those

the

regions
of

enemies

defended
manned

by foreigners

by
by
and

an

rude

the
provised
im-

venturers
ad-

enemies,

46

PHILIPPINES

THE

glance
of

another

presages

people: delicacy

sensitive
with

his,

from

sake

the

of

scientific,
the

word

least

all

forgets

in

treasure

slight
So

he

the

during
and

his

their

his

thinks

or

wounds

memory
has

contact

ideals

Filipino

nature,
his

labor

and

never

name,

conceit,

the

times
some-

but

he

self-love

expended,
forget

at

to

the

received.

peoples

centuries,

independence,

of

welfare,

other

some

sacrifices,

Philippine
three

of

inant
predom-

Malayan

or

are

is

have

liberty, ease,

"

which

he

spite

who

the

see

aspiration

an

in

now,

we

everything

sacrifice

of sentiment

nations,

occidental

different

for

Even

them.

the

Avith

far

nature,

particular,

in

Malays

the

and

Orientals,

ethical

an

are

transcendental.

and

powerful

more

considerations
of

invisible,

arising others,

least,

at

suzerainty.

tranquil

and

material

the

above

But

centuries,

three

domination

peaceful

HENCE

CENTURY

have

giving
sometimes

ful
faith-

remained

up

their

liberty

dazzled

by

THE

the

PITILIPPINKS

of

hope

cajoled by
and

the

the

Paradise

also

compelled

they

were

because

and

invading

the

intestine

in

discord

and

and

subject

feuds

the

fact

thus

later

that

the

not

people

saw

their

beside

the
the

nor

to

Spain,

love

their
of
neither
then

of the

peacemaker
both

the

it

attachment
and

self-love

character,

fatherland,

and

the

officers

and

fidelity

the
the

Then
in

general

to

of

wounded.

was

of

dissensions,

Spain

ties
par-

authority.

countrymen

heroes

consideration;

the

sensitive

own

army,

to

mutual

been

advantage

established,

once

yet

laurels, begrudged

his

vested
in-

sometimes

or

took

as

which

spirits

dominate

to

to

of

timid

in

thanks

their

had

of

step

noble

sometimes

arms

character,

them

to

native

ranks

of

47

by

Spanish,

foreigner

to

firmly maintained,
people,

them

which

domination

Spanish

sometimes

the

mysterious

promised,

by superiority

of

the

like

ignorant
with

HENCE

offered

friendship
people

generous

CENTURY

higher
ing
fighttheir

sharing

reputation
attachment
made

of

the

48

THE

PHILIPPINES

the

English

invented

the

insult

and

to

in

phrase,

and

governmental
the

blood

its

for

considered
whole
defend

who
dared

An

the

for

providing

religious
in

flagrant

was

the

early
abuses

This

appear

to

offend

to

reply

or

Augustinian

soldier
set

have

who

over

and

legal

anuals
to

cloisters

as

trict
dis-

the

duty
and

protection
is

arrangement

Philippine
that

tlie

tribute

with

it

was

their

was

collect

people

instruction.

did

service

to

of

Spanish

faithful

power

nor

out

religious hypochondriac

were

it, as

al,
approv-

poured

witty

leisure

against

encomendero

reward

and

name,

there

with

published

forbidden

if

the

stereotyped

in

ecclesiastical

or

was

in

write

to

with
of

nolile

itself; and

have

it become

Spanish

which

race,

and

had

paid, fought

either

laborious

then

superior

the

epithets

leaders

books

been

yet

native

and

that

people

most

slander

newspapers

not

the

of
not

had

during

as

ridiculous

the

recently

stigmatized;

fashion

there

and

insulting

HENCE

general,

even

then

achievraents

painful
been

and

invasion;

which

with

encomendero

native,

CENTURY

chiefly
characterized

rable
memo-

for

the
it.

THE

PHILIPPINES

Gaspar
their

de

San

still

with

abortions

less
and

such

raised

neither

as

we

alization

are

and

of

divinity
be

finally
The

in

priests
domination

with

it and

of

into

that

made

in

saw

wishing

the

people,

common

with

cause

rncomendero.s.

confidence

followed

their

advice,

and

listened

so

in

made
the

defense
his

Throne.

cry

of
reach
And

the

they

rights
to

even

not

few

work

may

in
it

touch

against
ihe

and

learning

its

If

had

Naturally,

greater

hours.

brut-

establish

to

got

placed

darkest

of

caricature.

and

the

it
time

artisans

prestige

in

that

beautiful

certain

epoch,

them

True

necessarily

most

of

over

oppressive

people

hands

converted

their

the

the

the

liirht,

rewarded

of

have

us,

the

centuries

obscurantism

isi

Velarde,

ottices.

natives

three

upon

Jesnit

saw

hifjh

the

now:

influence

some

the

themselves

to

were

HENCE

never

they

were

miters

is that

and

A"^ustin

loathsome

and

CENTURY

of
the

to

in

them,

tliem

even

native

distant

priests,

did

they

wrote,
the

some

both

and

steps
secular

of

50

PHILIPPINES

THE

and

regular, undertook
of

representatives
the

with

strict
of

required

rather

all

All

consoled

the

has

penetrates

heart

the

feuds

has

of

council
acts

his

was

on

the

so

as

The

derisive

to

of

office

by the

soverei^rn

"the

fertle

and

author
ancient

quite

The

the
his

shaic

protec-

Islands

at

successor

all

into
them.

refers

justice."

the

(This
and

to

the
or

recrimination

of

old

people

former

inquired

aptly

it

the

away

ap})roved
of

source

it

affront

general

its

until

and

immunity

wiped

leave

the

into

suffers

the

in

allowed
term

and

provinces.

administration

his

residencia

further

was

appointed
of

only

more

has

race,

confidence

official

expiration

the

different

among

No

in

were

poison

pays

sore,

whole

longer

no

mortal

who

common

to

awa^'.

offensive

offered

ficial,
of-

wounded

the

it

though

like

native

more

enjoys.

pacified

passed

laughter

becomes

the

from

insignificant

most

even

then

powers,

and

along

this,

residencia

as

malcontents.

this

of

the

journeys,

and

countr}-,

public

to

spirits, satisfying,
form,

the

governing

captain-general

HENCE

dangerous

and

the

CENTURY

it

taliation,
re-

little

PHILIPPINKS

THE

tors,
masks
and

its

now

of

piety

the

of

devotion

and

wages

it

but

grow

and

growth,
a

existing

does

that

she

The

rage!

begins

in
to

and

as

into

if he

the

later

possible
without

obey

it is

church,

it

of

to

she

way;

of

enough

harassed

and

ideas
for

ficient
suf-

of

his

have

liberty
official,

one

admitting

obligations

thereby

of

holy

successor,

lose

to

into

becomes

order

the

its

the

shown

Torre,

to

nmke

flies

justice,

his

seen

stunt

confusion

citizen

matter

recent

subject
every

the

cause

the

to

of

government

home;

his
in

the

it

La

like

governor-general,
crime

nourish

regard

the

prevail;

to

has

disappeared;

has

residencia,

it

show

her

drawing

on

poisons

ancient

where,
else-

weakness,

slightest protest

the

at

the

expense;

not

love

live

to

eternal

go

its

at

she

that

only

not

unable

to

the

resemble

to

infancy,

order

r,l

The

that

seen

come

who,

in

HENCE

executioners.

has

have

past

eternal

child

the

It

nnrse

desires
for

and

exploiters
fallen.

have

CENTURY

corpses
the

ent
obedi-

persecuted
and

increasing

taxes

rights,

in

crease
in-

pri-

52

THE

PHILIPPINES

liberties

and

vileges

existence;

disturbs

uncertaint}'
than

of

period

imagination

crisis
and

acute,
the

dares

True

use

are

causing

hands

that

balm

of

all

are

of

who

to

be

may
without

Code,
the

in

The

Royal

reports,

exiled

of

penal
Order

banisiied
Of

trial?

is

use

home,

no

code
of

if for

traitors

or

what

tlie

faith

was

September

is

finger
yet

no

has
*

bv

if

trifiing

life, if there

justice

promu]"rated
4, 1884.

no

Penal

security

confidence

and

in

if

hearing,

that

is

means

citizen

is

what

reasons,

honest

any

use

of

But

world,

like

come

without

what

in

the

trouble,

bitterness.
in

anonymous

the

the

passing

with

Code

Penal

such

codes

the

confidential

through

the

out

greater

poor;

is

it

the

that

is

them

upon

worse

generally

which

througli

points

lay

fears

country

one

it is

drop

the

and

regime

are

up

in

terror

the

for

ever}'

persons

one

minds,

disorder,

reality;

financial

continual

the

conjures

the

than

of

few

the

assuring

or

regime

HENCE

CENTURY

the

Islands

by

54

THE

PHILIPPINES

If those

who

remain

guide

try

repression

to

sufiEer

think,

and

latter

to

wretchedness

of
and

securing
lost
of

in
the

attraction

great
a

death.

glorious

attempt

and

but

"

chasm

might

not

become

Who
that

then,

the

in

latter
in

with

All
in

the

the

petty

with
of

would

be

the

life
such

no

to

suicidal

bloody

vanquished,

time

their

the

preferred

not

and

strength,
to

the

hope

has

be

Would
victors

this?

be

indeed

may

numbers,

occurred

classes

what?

equal

disputes
have

It

the

nothing:

should

it

between

yawn

superior

that

that

play

What

dicontented

numerous

and

force

to

against

Almost

the

classes

life, filled

indefinite.

struggle?

of

into

put

bitterness,

something
the

the

unquiet

an

ing
introduc-

severity

going

and

pines
Philip-

condition

against
are

the
of

their

push

they

of

instead
the

extremes

venture

privation

and

to

HENCE

destinies

make

to

retrograde,

country

the

obstinate,

reforms

CENTURY

and

since

ience
exper-

they

are

dominators?
insurrections

Philippines

were

the

THE

work

PHILIPPINES

of

who

bad

avail

few

fanatics

themselves

subordinates
failed.

or

to

No

for

on

of

of

then,

if the

ministers

do

interpreters
faithful

frequent
delicate

not

but

rather

duped

the

their

upon
and

find

capable

if met

in

the

by

with
the

woes?

wise

reforms

send

to

of

determined
and

whom
till

eternal

elements

backwardness

selves
them-

their

those

the

if

governors

among

political changes

what

people

colonial

the

bound

overthrow

But

and

of

no

they

people

the

or

it left

so

when

from

race

the

peace

cause

perpetuators

post;

whole

justice,

or

prudence

among

order, proffered
livelihood

its

the

all

they
character

popular

or

their

So

applauded

springs
bases

ends.

of

been
and

disturbers

and

our

need

people
over

power

had

rights

wounds

movement

So

their

had

they

their

the

gain

impressions,

that

the

their

human

ineffaceable

saw

of

the

humbug

insurrection

based

was

fought

up

and

deceive

to

soldiers,

discontented

or

55

HENCE

CENTURY

the
such

it is out

of

their

who

see

their

subjects;

56

THE

if

just

PHILIPPINES

claims

subversive

if, in

insults

and

the

will

have

has

been

of
class

created

stupidity

which

country,

forces
to

of
the

secure

the

and

is to
Avith

mind

we

can

of

fairs
af-

of

state

and
"

which

factor

sert
as-

the

nation

misfortune,

united

all

without

certain

inhabitants

the

tants
inhabi-

enliofhtened

numerous

continually

education

results

in

completely

spirit

the

natives,

present

common

has

within
and

the

exists

"

and

Islands.

exists

now

class

the

lacking

aroused,

the

the

now

debasement,

common

of

modified

There

of

prolitic

ingratitude,

years

abuses,

of

apathetic

his
of

authorized

an

complexity

will

denied

is

kinds

system,

been

formerly

the

good

few

inevitably.
was

the

charges

in

all

against

short,

and

of

being

as

country

Cortes

pricking

that

the

through

alienating

continue,

if

the

out

cry
escape

laws;
of

in

HENCE

CENTURY

unheeded,

go

tendency;

to

which

to

are

representation
voice

the

Islands,

augmented

governing
to

abroad,

by

powers,
leave
and

the
it

is

THE

PHILIPPINES

maintaiiu'tl

and

and
This

in

rest

of

it

years

will

manifest

for
the

in

as

Dutch

the

the

gradual

and

the

of
the

years

dark

the

of

and

to

horde

instruction
years

the

of

of

be

of

to

as

the

gress:
proa

in

the

country;

inhabitants;

the

the

races.

Filipino
in

impossible,

friars, in whose

the

posal
dis-

its

aristocratic,

among

which

and

through

Malayan

youth,
in

road

masses

of

tew

at

theocratic,

or

feuds

in

means

the

tutes
consti-

it

system

government,

of

fostering

creasing
in-

acts.

on

extermination

demonstrated

the

its

impoverishment

Brutalization

been

all

colonies,

the

Philippines;

today

nervous

of

the

to

country

various

brutalization

addicted

the

people

vogue.

with

if

in

has

checking

in

cumulatively

and

whole

existence

statecraft

Now.

caste

the

form

its

of

brain

cations
provo-

communication

Islands,

the

only

is

constant

the

the

to

espionaore

number

57

HENCE

thanks

of

system

whose

is
the

struy;gles

the

class,

CENTURY

hands

miserably

colleges, issuing

has

spite
rests

wastes

there-

58

PHILIPPINES

THE

from

tired,

weary

spite

of

censorship,

the
to

avenue

but

toward

of

spite
and

the

whole

this

tenaciously

keep

chemists,

suffers

in

people

somehow

and

inhabitants

the

Perhaps,

has

Experience
in

but

the

it is

Philippines,

of

Filipino

shine

forth

impossible

is

to

Philippines!

the

dangerous

very

everywhere

the

it

development?

their

lightenmen
En-

flame

it will

of

arrest

poverty

in

It

exist

persecution

divine

other

to

jurists.

the

the

recognition.

compel

May

and

wish

philosophers,

and

artists

in

perfected

there

ignorance,

No,

itself;

who

historians,

or

knowledge

language

inextinguishable

is

brutalize

it.

inculcate

that

those

every

pulpits,

the

scientific

by

holy

close

system

spreading

quickens

thought

and

operated

physicians,
is

all

in

books;

to

all

missals

Spanish

freethinkers,

writers,

of

elaborate

Islands

the

tries

spite

only

not

toward

even

which

and

books

with

disgusted

in

progress;

confessionals,
hatred

and

HENCE

CENTURY

shown
that

the

us

means.

and

classes

cially
espewhich

THE

PHILIPPINES

better

are

and

off have

and

be

uiav

Wealth

the
for

care

to

life.

Machiavelli

than

enemies
there

discontent,

bread

has

On

the

the

mother

ony

be?

other

wanting.

Neither

And

the

inhabitants.

the

Malays,

do

the

not

Philippine

succumb

before

is

less

sustaining
in

occurs

house

of

to

where

what
and

poor

possible gradually
The

when

government,

there
in

serving
ob-

rate
obdu-

more

for

further,

would

this

perilous,

there

means

happens

country

is it

and

hand,

what

country
is

more

held

Moreover,

abundance,

complaint,

wealthier,

itself.

poor

less

littles

has

up

life.

of

adventurous

be

to

stirs

of

bet-

spirit

himself

welfare

and

the

thinti:s,and

people

loss

wealth

are

itself

of

peace

disturbances

civil

inspires

change

to

comparatively

in

poverty

desire

loss

live

addicted

it refinement,

while

that

been

losers

subjecting

of

means

the
with

brings

conservation,
ideas,

they

59

HENCE

CENTURY

always

because

order,

are

use

lean

to

col

exterminate

races,

the

like

all

foreigner,

60

THE

like

PHILIPPINES

the

Indians

the

of

World.

the

the

of

spite
visited

has

that

lives

of

the

people.

of

described

the

petty

their

among
This
cation

the

was

from

of

the

surely

in

the

and
with

which

minated
exter-

islands,

but,

have

it

pear
ap-

soberer.
of

the

people

who

from

being

flag, far
its solidest
of

that

makes

grown

fostering

parison
com-

with

soldiers,

Spanish

has

rather,

inhabitants

the

as

cas.
Moluc-

contact

Pacific

of

cally
periodi-

the

condition

one

carry

trebled,

and

poison

the

to

the

civilization

the

with

fidelityto

remains

Java

that

only

There

has

clime,

Filipinos

consume

are

have

early historians,

wars

menace,

of

present

the

by

that

Philippines,

their

that

by

the

had

the

of

spite

number

every

natives

in

power

in

and

have

embraces

Rum,

the

South

their

Malays

thrives

Jn

epidemics

Filipino

and

every

The

the

HENCE

Polynesians

Filipinos

them,

The

no

New

wars

in

CENTURY

Australians,

numerous

on,

supports.
feuds

intestine

provinces.
formerly
one

island

possible,
to

conmiuni-

when

another

was

rare

and

PHILIPPINES

THE

t52

the

of

their

by

modern

siglit of
misfortunes
call

In

of

short,

decreed

country
new

Philippines

the

rags

that

social

new

ethical

are

is
and

nurse

the

condition

the

sovereign

vuifandis.

child

risk

to

For

remain

that

it

flee, tearing

in

turn

may

away

its

old

the

it.

Philippines,

then,

Spanish

domination,

but

liberty,

from

alleged

the

that

bind

in

order.

The

greater

and

inevitable,

Mutatii"

liberty
a

its

and

are

requiring

swaddling-clothes
ao-ainst

the

of

embrace

they

remain

cannot

more

wish

To

the

at

memory

advancement

the

without

men,

and

the

country,

sailors

from

brothers.

Islands

are

and

pressed
im-

are

fate.

by

The

they

their

then,

of

progress

provinces

merchants,

liberty

another

one

HENCE

patriotic feelings,

wealthiest

the

to

even

separated

widely

most

CENTURY

or

they

will

will
with

under

remain
more

declare

law

and

themselves

THE

PHILIPPINES

independent,
mother

after

As

no

only

subjected

dignity

tinal

to

the

detriment

least

of

the

both

Spanish
to

parties.

be

see

by

Islands

authority
the

rights,

an

evil

an

the

in

argument

us

such

for

would

let

evolution

peaceful

very

the

hope

or

which

pi*edicament,

desperate
of

desire

rupture,

and

the

blood.

should

one

unfortunate

all

in

country

and

themselves

steepin^^

G3

HENCE

CB:NTURV

for

most

what

forms

remain

may

with

interests

the

and

III.

TF

THE

Philippines
of

control

to

be

their

of

course

inhabitants

in

in

transformed

the

said

also

violent

and

of

people,

the

Some

by

introduce

events.

been

ordered

this

if

but

the

needs

of

the

their

demonstrated

we

it

peaceful

have

their

reforms

But

notwithstandinsr

the

fruitful

this

realized

patriotism,

to

and

ranks

if

classes.

needed

up

the

from

proceeds

be

will

transformation

upper

governors

impelled
to

that

fatal

from

emanate

for

article.

preceding

We

This

require.

have

sense,

the

and

the

necessarily

political

history

so

will

tliey

Spain,

under

remain

must

present

been

have

in

truth,

order

all

time,

and,

trying
to

stall
fore-

that

have

they

have

it

68

THE

PHILIPPINES

produced
well

for

as

promised

only

We

character

evils

with

were

that

of
to

that

say

plasters

and

knowing

how

to

patient's
cowardice

All
have
out.

the

to

of
the

cure

sufferings
of

the

the

reforms

been,

are,

or

timid

of
and

way

will

titude
rec-

only

are

and
to

And

tempted

who,

not

daring

not

alleviate

temporize

to

and

our

be

reforms

cancer,

this

in

tries

even

and

iionesty

physician

will

palliative
but

would

we

and

yadicalhi.

tbe

partial

salves

it out,

root

of

they

is confronted

cured

governors,
all

ineffectual

be

must

some

have

government

convinced

not

we

the

when

that

repeat,

which

only

not

times

grounds.

we

reforms

are

prejudicial,

more

that

at

reason

unstable

once

as

those

have

issue

simple

upon

that

assert,

the

government

Even

happy

for

said, and

the

country.
a

based

been

have

ever

the

injury,

caused

for

results,

scanty

HENCE

CENTURY

with

the
the

ignorant.
liberal

be

good

ministers

"

when

were,

carried

70

THE

the

PHILIPPINES

place

Sancho,
is

of

while

the

by

many

played

having

the

themselves

may
The

all

government

his

quack

the

liberty

Cortes

to

and

to

have

the

benefit

the

colonial

The

of

they

them.

Sancho,

liberty, rejects

his

by rebelling against

Barataria

minister,

be

reforms,

in

the

must

Philippines
delegates.

all

the

will

government

efforts

the

these

not

or

able

meet

decrees

their

whether

in

voice

no

the
not

or

obeyed,

country,

have
to

whether

Philippines

the

as

press,

known

nation

ministers
in

long

the

make

duly

been

dishes

long-suffering

so

manner,

no

have

the

ends'up

not

that

perhaps

misses

and

in

physician.

like

In

interested

of

are

physician

benefit

Philippines,

the

quack

the

is that

or

Philippines

the

touched,
get

result

of

persons,

dishes

the

the

dishes,

part

HENCE

CENTURY

of
of

fate

the
the

Island.

then,

begin
free

who

wants

by
and

his

declaring
by

reforms
the

instituting

to

press
pino
Fili-

THE

PHILIPPINES

The

free

press

their

complaints

very

rarely,

them,

for

and

free

rightly
a

if

what

press,

and

the

every

and

concerned,

reproduce

them,

it

does

and

possible

if

it

the

channel,

country

the

reach

so

like

governs

(if

press

because

it has

the

absolutely

better,

the

ihut

But

facts

rule

to

directlyobserves

it

afar

ment
govern-

wishes

with

need

most

the

ground,

because

them

where

the

from,

and

the

than

even

administers.

governs

when

has

government

on

and

ears,

that

from

country

dispense

even

estimate

increases

lish
pub-

rules

The

it is

truth

secret,

so

are

to

country,

may

it rules

they

dares

so

titly.

country

Peninsula,

the

newspaper

one

more

home

and

do

that
is the

the

that
that

does

it

reach

badly.

can), because

eyes

no

because

Philippines,

ever

they

that

distance

of

by

if

government

great

it

and

or

tardily

80

in

rarely

mysterious,

so

the

in

71

HENCE

CENTURY

ment
govern-

requires

its knowledge

that
and
the

inhabitants

it may
this

weigh
need
is

Philippines
speak

and

72

PHILIPPINES

THE

in

complain
To
called

in

govern

to

only

the

reckoning

the

sea,

the

the

winds

But

is

routine

the

press

History

says:

always

occurred

human

If

over

heart

the

the

is

have

house

polish

and

the

money-

and

servants

what

see

us

have

would

to

remain

not

over,

the

and

thought

had
it

freedom

revolutions

forced

Napoleon

many

tyrannized

human

perhaps

that

Let

countries

been

which

says

and

uprisings

great
press,

routine

dangerous.

in

it

down

declivity

where

countries

in

managing

the

of

direction

watching
after

of

state

family.

slide, and

governments
of

the

of

is

ship

the

the

give

to

looking

members

the

It

hearing

after

steering

shoals,

without

without

chest,

and

merely

appearance

is

It

badly.

govern

conditions,

currents.

by endeavoring
fine

its

reefs

and

it

parties;

without

to

be

also

may

way

judgment

pronouncing

of

one

it is

ities.
author-

the

to

other

any

but

governing,

amounts

unknown

language

HENCE

CENTURY

silent-

tyrannized

have

warned

THE

him

of

have

the

him

and

tlie

earth

thus
her

laboring

would

have

assured

history
~

or

Some
free

false

to

Is

the

when

the

in

press

have

become

of

the
that

to

acquires

concealing
them.

abuses,

but

Napoleon

prop

is

nation

individuals.

by

by rebuking

said

with

imperiled.

the

of

not

to

govern

that

greatly

few

respect,

Moreover,
what

be

to

press

colonies

rulers,

prestige
of

free

knowledge?

in

the

will

preferable

that

prestige

that

had

ample

answer

governments,

answer

it

with

govern
will

preferable
nation

records

herself

have

they

liberty?

one

press,

We

and

position

his

colonies

while

enjoyed

blindly

of

What

sive
inten-

OCT

independent
and

Spain

eign
for-

in

become

have

revolutions

more

sraorgfed.

was

it.

were

Perhaps

dissipated

strengthen

to

people

the

peace.

being

of

aggrandizement,
in

that

and

hurled

was

wanted

instead

genius,

he

understand

T.'J

HENCE

CENTURY

which

int""

peril

made

weary
his

PHILIPPINES

this

and

ing
punish-

prestige

about

and

abetting

great

is

plicable
apmen

74

THE

and

PHILIPPINES

their

valets.

all

the

of

those

sham

in

order

to

false

gods,

the

government,

persecutions

need

free

have

they

ago

by

is needed

press

which

press

long

still

which

government

prestige

know

and

petty

free

The
the

the

of

not

them;

prestige.

HENCE

endure

and

do

recognize

their

mined

wbo

We,

pretensions

lost

dreams

CENTURY

builds

it

upon

ground.

We

What
One

the

say

of

does

risks

three

about

same

the

Filipino

government
either

things:

become

unruly,

tlie

that

political

sentatives.
repre-

them?

in

see

will

they

trimmers,

prove
or

act

properly.
Supposing

that

absurd

pessimism

for

Philippines,

the

that

all

and

that

the

should

we

and

all

but

their

advocate

separatist

Spanish

majority

still

insult,
for

be

would

does

there,

the

to

greater

most

great

Spain,

separatists

they

contentions

ideas:
exist

the

admit

representatives
in

yield

not

is there

would

patriotic
not

pre-

THE

PHILIPPINES

there

sent

the

combat

to

and

woaid
that

ferm*^nts

home,
the

and

the

in

of

three

rains?
besides

in

Filipinos
need

what

any
a

influence

great

them

in

in

debate.

the
in

the

midst

of

of

the

trable
impene-

the

amid

or

being

the

cheap

parliament

it

said

is

vincible
in-

"

Hasn't

separatists
of

that
then

peaceful

Frankly,

Cortes

of

paladins,

fear?

elections?
to

compliment

in

for

oratorical

government
the

lands,

struggles

Spanish

and

able
prefer-

thermometer

indolent

not

be

sun

pacific

Moreover,

arft

would

swampy

burning

the

blood

its

home,

advantage

because

abounds

especially

but

from

the

Certainly

spare

in

ot" the

secrecy

parliament

These

have

glorious,

not

being

government,

the

under

And

fields?

shot

leagues

forests,

ideas,

of

exchange

thousand

torrential

does

in

powers

discontent

the

the

in
the

in

principles

the

to

than

is concerned,

patriotism

struggle

and

and

people

governing
intentions?

bett^^r

expands

huts

Spanish

where

be

the

such

oppose

this

not

of

vigilance

75

HENCE

CENTURY

the

to

it
it

is

fear

nation.

If

and

expected
better

the

few
could

the

favorable

laugh

If

undoubtedly

figures

if

any

disturbed

Igorots

them,
like

undoubtedly

in

powder,
has

no

and

person

fear

doughty
de

Filipino

Seiior
odor.

General
who
to

will

and

which

Mas,

wanted

they

that

nation.

Igorots,

that

of

the

the

to

Sinibaldo

Don

affirm

can

of

like
the

Senate

open

then

Salamanca,
the

in

smell

they

help

honorable

more

some

will

they

but

will

incapable

or

objection

real

if the

they

trust,

representatives

the

is that

be

will

be, worthy,

should

questions,

and

among

delegates

worst

be

government

ignorant

an

their

govern

then,

JNow

with

the

much

would

the

their

to

annoy

with

to

saw

so

much

so

separatists,

they

faithful

and

minister

what

become

they

honest

so

and

and

the

at

be,

They

votes,

openly

will

be

is to

as

be.

there

him

government

constituents.

their

more

probably

they

as

for

for

worse

political trimmers,

become

thej

HENCE

CENTURY

PHILIPPINES

THE

76

smell

live
at

Salamanca
And

if

78

THE

PHILIPPINES

Antinouses,

ises.

thither

is

that

maintain

these

at

through

wander

to

the

spheres,

imaginary
ought

government
Law

objections.

has

resorting

philosophize

to

not

like

other
of

purpose

and

legislate

to

and

boys,

the

as

HENCE

CENTURY

pretty

long

so

paragons;

or

not

skin,

no

we

to

pause

nor

son
rea-

nostrils.

So

see

we

institution

of

government,

and
in

We

better,

them
with

its

way

become

not

are

of

powerful

could

at

its

that

for

the

we

the

egotism
boldness,
of

those

would

country
least

complain

lack

for
of

of

their

would

our

the
who

actions.

the

serve

the

upon

legislators

by asking

that
the

methods

it

among

sure

indolence,

the

responsible

know

and

for

country

our

We
the

sons

troubles

happens,

now

silenced,

be

would
its

their

By

representatives.

blaming

as

pines
Philip-

the

why

reason

malcontents

many

instead

bear

have

not

may

and

serious

no

true

rests
inte-

tives.
representa-

enlightenment,
fellow

cunning
wish

trymen,
coun-

and

the

their

ob-

THE

scurantisra,

But
and

government
road

that

to

come

disappear.
a

are

to

responsibility
the
it

that

it has

are

clouds,
all

make

come

the

the

is

own

its

through
government

they

let

them

let

are

the

suffer

gets

country

government

can

the

say

quibiis

The

touch

will

toward

dissipate

Spain,

and
These

fruitful.

reforms

that

which,

reforms,

applied,

and

fear

in

Filipino

duty.

sine

them.

necessary,

then

affection

to

may

the

fundamental

two

as

interests,

the

efforts

its

that

them,

upon

succeeding

puerile

well

as

the

it

discontent

weak

and

and

assure

reforms

the

that

Every

done

that

the

to

to

out

so

us

harmful

loyal

introduced,

interpreted

properly

It

fall

be

to

just,

so

their

deserves,

These

are

so

consequences.

fate

all

grief,

stupid

so

treacherous

all

to

been

has

measure

people

best

If after

into

pointing

are

we

appears

not

may

wish

we

79

HKNCK

reform

convert

may

instrument.

CKNTUKY

PHILIFFINKS

non.

independence
free

press

with

public

will

may

keep

opinion,

80

and

the

be, the

to

for

cause

stir

the

up

by

of

tbat

it

there

is

or

it.

being

No

to

or

is

fatherland,
when

less

the

taxes

why

be

must

question

his
this

arises

they

are

most

one

no

man,

by

merely
and

tit citizen

shed

or

own

who

ones

very

uncultured,
a

their

tion
representa-

civilization

as

ignorant

that

see

to

to

regarded

pay

the

ceases

one

the

denied

and

are

rights

more

Filipino

them

the

averred,

is

through
be

the

of
from

as

why

should

Tbey

his

forfeits

asked

after

abused,

need

him

fault)

look

to

imperfect

(whether

defective

another's

Aside

reason

offered

culture

imperfect

so

to

attempt

objection

is the

plausible

no

the

not

not

With

people?

the

inhabitants.

the
is

then

of

sons

hostages.

how

the

regarding

majority

and

of

masses

they

as

are,

the

their

inadmissible

some

fact

be

they
among

discontent,

Likewise

the

will

Philippines,

no

if

from

best

HENCE

CENTURY

representatives,

ought
the

PHILIPPINES

THE

the

since
when

he

blood

to

defend

fitness

be

denied

of

granting

him

is

THE

PHILIPPINES

right?

some

by
zeal
the

for

read

make

order
be

issued

decrees
education

hands

then,
taxes,

with

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who

one

the
of

reason

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looks

product
his

they

nation.

stupidly.

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whereof

To

him
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reason

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the

intelligent

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choose
and

serves

of

prevent

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to

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favor

have

education?

be

all

see

who

sutticiently

is

we

Eezios

call

they

enlightened

in

Pedro

the

can

government

because

thereof,
what

when

the

by

meet

execution

the

conditions

servants

as

become

to

ened,
enlight-

How

Spanish?

expected

present

working

of

order

in

little

blest
hum-

the

sacrifices

extent

learn

to

could

one

see

become

his

before

even

now

enormous

held

that

every

we

may

the

to

country

that

be

ledged
it is acknow-

that

great

81

to

enemies,

Spaniards

children

even

when

and
so

and

write,

their

under

the

of

families

in

is

he

is

ignorance,

friends

learning

and

that

his

all,

coming

how

Moreover,
for

responsible

HENCE

CENTURY

his

their
pino,
Fili-

pay
retain

interests,

the
otherwise

ment
govern-

is^to

82

THE

PHILIPPINES

When

the
under

kept

makes

be

the

the

judges.

the

civilizing

and

thereon,
and

that

the

native

discontent

filled

will

fears

the

off
he

be

able
of

custom

to

it will
into

enter

to

superiority
not

that

presume

he

when

be

the

be

if

Then,

indolence
all

sees

ment
judg-

stimulus

bred.
his

by

awarded
and

may

not

shake

not

weakest.

the

he
offices

CastiJas.

by

We
who

does

work

of

barbarous

the

be

in

virtue

the

there

may

complain

not

can

that

so

so

confidence

arouses

the

sessions
pos-

justice,

foremost

should

trusts

that

their

in

are

may

thing

entire

subdues

It

publishing

competition,

The

speedy

the

injustice

while

Offices

and

is

races.

justice

respected

repose

Justice

the

word

jest.

strict

their

oflficials

of

acts

the

most

inhabitants

nations,

the

colonial

English
is

that

and

laws

HENCE

CENTURY

surveillance,

to

cease

prove

this
his

intelligence.
in

the

not

be

the

contest,

superiority
Although

sovereign

Spaniard
for

thus

by
this

country,

the
is
it

should

reason

by

be

practiced

that

genuine
of

means

moral

ought

when

virtues
and

trusts

The

to

and

capable
held

offices
the

uncertain

and

moreover,

very

fond

present

various

Filipinos
matter;

to

of

brilliant

still

thev

are

of

ing
endanger-

merely

would

The
and

the

native

prefers
Let

speak

office
most

have

into

future.

the

serve

they

stable

holding

and

duties.

their

will

peace

with

away

instead

and

sure

fices
of-

The

employees
of

problematical?

humble

this

do

develop

interest

the

converting

simulates

man

cognizant

what

it, for

upright,

seem,

will

domination,

onizers
col-

to

strangers.

by natives,

Spanish

assure

in

and

sought
the

as

with

earned

so

dismissal

arbitrary
officials

deals

he

just

be

because

least

at

or

intelligent,

and

honest

qualities,
be,

to

should

prestige

the

for

colonies,

the

in

83

HENCE

CENTURY

PHILIPPINES

THE

is,
an

the
in

unshaken

conservatives.

We

commerce,

could

add

other

agriculture,

minor

reforms

security

of

touching
the

indivi-

84

THE

dual

of

and

these

articles.
the

with

much.

There

will

death

these

published

civilization

far

behind,

have

worked

slavery

things
The

and

left

has
the

the

French

the

parliament

and
have

penalty

colonies

question

country

miracles,

for

even

of

also

for

Utopia
their

have
has

Moore,

religious
of

the

is,

been

giving

us

Utopia

book

looked

that

we

accuse

abolition

will

death

to

suffrage,

human

greater

that

Thomas

were

in

satisfied

say

When

but

deal

Utopia?

by

on.

things

impossible

Tlie

English

so

on,

are

critics
is

impossibilities,

Yet

can

complete

and

penalty,

dreams,

what

almost

toleration,

we

one

universal

existed

wherein

no

so

shall

present

imagined

country

and

we

lacking

but

Utopianism:

was

the

be

not

HENCE

which

and

outlines,

too

of

with
For

CENTURY

education,

property,

points

are

other

ask

PHILIPPINES

the

was

as

upon

Utopianism.
of

Utopia

conscience

abolished

adultery

"

itself!

tives.
representaraised

in

the

representation

PHILIPPINES

THE

86

if the

civilization,

if the

liberal

is carried

out

without

subterfuges

Otherwise,
Islands

the
to

if

of

the

golden
of

cries

hinder

the

the

and

policy
all

Portuguese
Close

Spain.

before

and

indeed
Two

the

peoples

do

ry,
count-

bonds
not

the

said

had

that
live

Phoene-

English,

Roman,

colonies

said

unite
for

of
the

subserve

all

to

laws

independent,

Greek,

the

be

may

soverign

Bachelet

Spanish
are

the

all

impossible

be

to

become

Carthaginian,

reign
sove-

to

inexorable

the

of

commerce

and

resource

ears

great

established

eventually

Bachelet,
cian,

the

in

see

the

its

it will

of

operations

to

relieve

to

however

Filipinos,

Colonies

history.

made

shutting

then,

meanness*

or

killing thegoosethatlays

and

reason,

government

exploited,

thus

are

interpretations.
is

be

taxes,

eggs

of

loyalty

false

them

the

trickery

to

satisfy ambitions,
country

of

attempt

lode

inhabitants

due

rights

policy

or

an

HENCE

their

of

other

granted,

vpithout

CENTURY

rights

if the

respected,

are

three

it.

to

us

een-

THE

PHILIPPINES

turies

in

coDtinual

lot, shedding

holding
God,

their

the

the

by

the

said:

(jlili()a)si
pf

Ja

quelli che

essi

bound

much

as

received).

ricevono

stern

necessity

much

the

be required

not

their

liberal

exile

to

and

from

(it is

this, and

sentimentality,

pure

cite cssi

in its

living

in

and

and

forego

native

the

human

as

those

by
but

wander

the

peaceful

with

the

tics
polisoever
How-

they

redemption,
sons

it is

of

arena

Spain,

be

to

land, therudest

alarm,

per

prevail.

owe

cost

come

is true,

interests

their

c'

nature

the

in

atmosphere,

constant

affection.

fauuo,

more,

enlightened

stifled

fices
sacri-

conferred

Filipinos

their

Mutual

human

by benefits

All

that

(h()li hi)o"iin/\

iiatHra

Ji hcuclicii

same

than

of

reader

great

the
but

engendered

have

tiehls,

stronger

fear.

or

arms

benefits

Machiavelli,
heart,

them

same

same

ideas,

same

between

fashioned
and

the

on

beliefs, \vorshii)ping

same

formed

are

those

in

blood

interchanging

ties

the

sbaiin*^

contact,

87

HENCE

CENTURY

to

can

have
about

tions
aspiraitant
inhabfortune

88

THE

of

the

two

of

one

man.

the

PHILIPPINES

Spain
God

of
should
denied

human
and

gratitude

the

against

there

proclaim

and

wrongs

have

the

people.
its

and

The

rights

on

the

is

God

of

noble
and

Spanish

tbeirs.

glories

A
of

its

laws,
mitted
com-

are

not

people
past

tions,
affec-

who

persons

lips.
of

that

sacrileges

the

people,
can

against
the

the

their

liberties,

offenses

by

impossibility

an

the

dearest

our

family,

on

enough

divinity

no

committed

are

of

name

the

of

not

that

offenses

sacrifice

the

is

of

claim

no

against

There

daily.

to

them

individual,

home,

honor,

that

renounce

itself

the

sacrifice

require

can

of

of

is

the

of

pressed,
op-

upon

justify,

to

liberty

peace

the

world

the

and

inherent

heap

there

of

millions

rights

then

in

even

exploited

the

excuse,

not

six

There

can

sanctity

can

and

insults.

in

against

and

light

that

powder

the

brutalized,

being,

slights

claim,

that

whim

the

upon

not

can

himself,

be

HENCE

CENTURY

dependent

peoples

name

people

No

Filipino
so

bid

jealous
the

that

can

one

pinos
Fili-

prides
not

ask

its

dishonor

today

and

peaceful

and

with

not

cease

the

beyond
silences

us

(which

is

what

places

If

what

that

misfortune

that

desire

going

be

fall

then

in

we

by

taken

rush

first
to

mortal),

will

shall

if violence

are

will

leave

we

we

the

course

it,

without

but

we

legal

ideals,

our

law,

have

we

the

understand

cause,

the

tendencies

numerous

the

our

of

by

so

upon

possible, for

know

not

fixed

plead

pale
or

and

abjection

accept

debate

of

gaze

to

to

89

HENCE

struggling

are

means

our

CENTURY

name!

own

who

We

by it,

trained

another,

do

PHILIPPINES

THE

the

to occupy

vacant.

realized

is not

....

In

we

so

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let
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such

contemplating

us

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the

frankly

terrible

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closing

turn

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descend

mysteries.

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in

away

this

into

the

face

purpose,

due

dust

tuality,
even-

horror,

will

we

eyes

our

bring.
handful

unfortunate

an

to

abyss

and
what
after

Cerberus,
and

sound

THE

94

sula

PHILIPPINES

broken

was

gradually
midst

the

the
the

of

finally

driven

created

formed

which

conflicts,

the

of

after

out

of

Spain

islands

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the

and

the

in

and

gallantry

califs, they

bloody
the

the

in

inundation,

spirit,

toleration

which

states,

little

Saracen

chivalrous

religious

small

like

great

HENCE

CENTURY

into

up

emerged

of

spite

stubborn

and

and

nation

Spanish

sixteenth

and

fifteenth

were

centuries.

The

existence

endowed
to
teaches
the

of
with

strength

all natural
that

us

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Encystment

of

for

signifies

it

inertia,

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debility
thus

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in

means

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the

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trary
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destroys
encysted.

people

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sible,
imposlute
abso-

isolation,

element.

conquering
tomb

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an-

Science

laws.

becomes

or

conquering

activity

assimilated,

is eliminated

organism,

and

ethical

is either

within

body

foreign

of

the

foreign

invader.

Now,

applying

Philippines,

we

these
must

considerations

conclude,

as

to

deduction

the

THE

PHILIPPINES

from
be

all

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we

do

inhabitants,

belon"^

not

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to

amalgamated

not

and

politically

harassed

and

and

independent.
neither

love

all

of

doubtful
strife
the

the

and

is the

necessity
in

We

operation

by

have

and

impossible

said
to

Philippines

be

can

nor

the

nor

the

intestine

JMecessity
the

resultant

of

world

is

knows,
forces

physical

forces.

statistics

exterminate

tic
antagonis-

and

divinity

ethical

is, not

Spain,

themselves.

Islands

that

patriotism,
for

be

ly
social-

destiny

of

they

themselves

dismemberment

powerful

most

law

al
liber-

mass,

declare

Filipinos
of

the

their

that

and

day

of

peoples

one

some

if the

and

if both

tendencies

this

the

free

forf^et

or

Spanish

future
in

and

infallibly
To

opposed

spirit

homogeneous,

interests,

fatally

the

constitute

by opposing

ideas
will

to

nation,

each

races,

population

Spanish

laws

make

not

if their

into

enter

equable

if

reforms

the

to

95

HENCE

CENTUKV

that

said,

assimilated

not

dominators

set

the

prove

that

Filipino

it

is

people.

96

THE

And

PHILIPPINES

even

have

Spain
of

in

whose

climate

her?

to

is to

colonial

her
of

the

her

to

so

much

as

it

Malays,

defend

sacrifice

This

commend

we

colonial

of

But

is that
to

necessary

Spain

to

colonies,

have

to

the

ony
col-

productive
and

the

wealth.
million

six
be

to

in

their

learned

never

fourth

to

Spain

would

of

population.

notice

her
of

the

have

partisans

exploitation.

nothing

menace

character

and

them

themselves,
least

at

the

destroy

they

be

under

otherwise,

inhabitants

supposing
that

disastrous

Philippines

useful

to

cultivate,

or

transitory

to

more

order

and

and

the

go

possesses

even

infancy

to

the

in

Moreover,

fight

who

Spaniards

is

and

system

the

Quite

Filipinos?

inhabitants

the

extent

would

good

the

without

of

certain

would

interest

populate

not

can

What

what

destruction

the
she

country

possible,

it

were

HENCE

CENTURY

the

of
when
human

this

kind
the

can

education

existence

Filipinos,

then

The

happen.
and

are

they

liberty

denied
will

by
seek

THE

PHILIPPINES

abroad,

enlightenment
try's back,
crook

the

and

will

result

that

for

motives
and

love

the

the

and

country,
of

purblind
be

only

because

it

will

into

gratitude

by

or

own

not

coun.

hook

by

opposition
will

W7

mother

their

in

prejudicial,

even

HENCE

secure

paretic politicians

but

futile

convert

resentment

hatred.

Hatred
and

and

there

and
exist

foster

that

the

either

they

may

and

is the

will

to

teach

strength
the

or

custom)
a

spells

of

revenge

excitement

in

is

be

to

and
in

in

turbances,
dis-

having

mighty

when

something

get

triumph

lesson

to

even

in

severe

stern

result

in

power,

recriminations,
It

government

mistrust

especially

their

measures.

(as

finally

interested

lamentations
violent

will

demonstrate

excitement,

side,

one

collision,

elements
that

on

other,

terrible

so

the

resentment

tlip.

on

anger

violent

its

behind

advantages

some

with

they

or

CENTURY

or

ploy
em-

expected
be

ally
gener-

punishment,
order

upon
and

to
the
terror

vaunt

quished
van-

that

98

THE

the

PHILIPPINES

caused

danger
of
of

those

injustice

and

innocent

An

the
of

integrity
the

state,

even

for

are

all

"

and

measures

two

afflicted,

increased,

guilty,
and

for

who

the

judge

the

things

augment

of

the

blood

the
of

safety

the

and

the

unjust,

the

then

The

opened
and

fewer,
friends

punishment

must

severe

wounded

becoming

families

the

upon

victims.
is

that

of

think

of

panic-stricken

battens

of

cedure
pro-

unfortunately

that

peoples,

always
the

all

instead
to

the

which

number

chasm

the

between

these

hurried

justifies everything,

minds,
above

the

is that

result

and

ment
mo-

pretext

and

cowardice

the

conquered

sive

cloaks

and

rare,

accusations,

opportune

the

the

Private

and

fatherland

which

timidity,

the

the

haste

martial,

courts

against

the

the

scrupulous

still

tion
accumula-

despicable

covetousness,

calumny,

of

the

is

inhabitants.

reprisals, denunciations,

for

mitant
conco-

committed

peaceful

resentments,

HENCE

unavoidable

catastrophes

of

acts

it.

CENTURY

be

added

are

of

the

exces.

the

THE

PHILIPPINES

families

and

and

sively

to

of

the

victim

his

nation.

foreign

is

by

it is ordered
is

or

hurts

and

to

out

an

the
with

the

only

it is not

so

whole
the

the

and

of
the

resentment

governing
offender.

be

ascribed

of

race

by

the

tyrant
of

dominated
act

who

of

by

because

is

but

thetic
unsympaand
his

regarded
naturally
and

does

is

severity

country,

victim

usually

is

governed.

oppression,

the

creased
in-

government

country

justest

is

actuated

the

to

foreigner,

enemy
not

because

race,

in

still

death

the

up

peril

the

may

severe

made

governor

reconciled

injustice

as

with

even

race,

ofPense

and

But

construed

to

if

government

from

injustice

that

the
the

see

subinis

nation

when

alone,

malice,

the

too,

in

different

an

man

personal

Note,

99

who

workinfj

population,

race

former

one

and

hundred-fold

HENCE

innocent,

dangerous

homogeneous

formed

the

livin*?

in

are

In

of

peacefully.

measures

of

friends

advantaofe

no

CENTURY

the
entire

as

sonal,
per-

spreads
not

die

100

PHILIPPINES

THE

the

Hence
should

be

fact

the

exercised

general,

and

as

training

schools,

Such

bathed
the

blood

in

and

struggle

and

mother

country,

heroic
has

on

the

he

does

the

She
be

toiling
day
not

like

is

his
live

planting

slaves

refuse
own

how

for
him

to

the

while

the

subjects,
she

though
less

is

slie

and

finally

voluptuary
by

upon

gall,

depends

even

rich

are

life

existence,

and

his

learns

number

the

and

tears

of

and,

waited

by

they

fighting,

submission

her

peoples

as

colonial

as

colonies

the

in

in

fictitious

to

servants

whose

efforts,

only

perishes.

itself

the

to

independent.

vitality,

weakened,

constantly

make
she

and

peace

upon
is

perfect

the

proportion

any

particular,

which

drenched

if it has

colony,

that

down
In

precipitated.

are

in

thero-selves

descent

and

colonies

notably

law

great

declare

is the

the

oiiice

contributes

the

later

or

sooner

colonial

our

that

tact

countries,

regards

government

of

fine

by colonizing

in

fulfillment

HENCE

and

prudence

great

that

CENTURY

him,

customed
ac-

crowd

of

and

who,

obedience,

efforts,

must

die.

as

102

PHILIPPINES

THE

military

tions,
The

country's

his

bull.

The

Filipino

although

veith

he

does

he

struggle

He

has

and

all

he

is

for

him

and

same

the

batant.
com-

the

Climate
does

it

that

way

once

all

carabao.

his

and

other

the

or

meekness

of

the

in

and

one

the

ferocity

bipeds

affects

to

of

less,

no

peaceful,

when

hesitate

death

country

more

up,

for

intrepidity

his

loves

and

moments,

the

quieter,

not

means

tenacity

is

has

stirred

difficulty

aroused

He

misery.

patriotic,

favorable

in

good.

and

and

gallant

everything,

his

and

is

HENCE

famine

executions,

Spaniard

sacrifices

CENTURY

quadrupeds.

The
that

terrible

conflicts

these
will

their

century
their

of

generally

to

not

the

some

feared,

islands

they

hard

and

strengthen
the

fifteenth

of

of

eighth.

the
of

against
extend

pinos
Fili-

the

Spain

instead

will

teachings

afforded

improve

Spain

experience,

the

have

The

nature.

was

bitter

will

operate

ethical

and

lessons

With

intestine

others,
mutual

flicts
con-

as

is

sup-

THE

PHILIPPINES

port, like

shipwrecked

island

an

after

it be

may
of

the

said

small

their

the

fallino'

animated

free
of

shake

the

beat

after

off

the

of

Islands
federal

yoke,
a

will

is

boy

pendulum,

the

probably

others
tions
ambiof

tendency
when

over,

the

adopt

to

leaving
by

any

law

declare

school,
of

tion
reac-

selves
them-

republic.

Philippines

heroic

the

of

mad

tyrannized

like

government,

the

If

been

or

Filipinos

the

all
the

as

of

English

over

from

froin

danf^er

the

race

and

have

the

Absence

one

imagination

domination,

once

freest

like

their

that

countries

they

of

preponderance

tants
inhabi-

spirit

force

prudent.

fate

ed
achiev-

their

hands,

will

example,
and

and

Besides,
other

the

They

different

are.

into

sensible

great
will

Filipinos

for

be

by

of

partake

easily,

Nor

storm.

republics.

American

again

German,
to

shall

we

reach

they

of

iii^'ht

independence

are

what

that

when

persons

fearful

103

HHNc:E

CENTURY

and

secure

stubborn

their

ii

dependence

conflicts,

they

can

104

PHILIPPINES

THE

rest

assured

that

neither

nor

France,

and

still

take

what

up

Within

absorb

the

there

is

secure

sensible

the

Indian

her
Islands

"

she

Philippines,

is

exhaust

already

Singapore,

have

whence

need

what

himself
lord

of

might

she

for
the

Hongkong

John

has
the

such

and

tion
inten-

Manila

gradually
Bull

when

Shanghai?

the

expand.

the

he

in

in

point

some

risk
fice
sacri-

to

an

Philippines,

Orient,

onies
col-

Philippine

poor

restored

kept

the
and

to

going

not

the

have

not

would

going

not

is
for

by

enough

has

entertained

had

would

is

She

Empire

if she

but

Moreover,

and

balance.

her

losing

offered

to
will

islands,

undeveloped

England

Orient

the

in

and

order

in

hostile

untouched,

hold.

Europeans,

territory

immense

to

completely

which,

and

poor

undefended.

almost

to

of

group

dare
to

will

the

nation

Continent,

Dark

Africa
of

will

unable

been

years

Germany,

nor

Holland,

less

attention

no

neglect

1763,

few

England,

has

Spain

HENCE

CENTURY

trader
when

has

he
there
It

is

PHILIPPINES

THE

that

probable

their

open

her
the

opinions

to

many

that

weaken

the

For

the

run

and

forces

we

her

see

France
future
that

the

not

care

of

Thus

continent.
in

her
will

countries

nobody.

enough

French

laurels

they

the

Pacific

as

ritory
ter-

easy

avoids

Germany

complications.

Tongking

colonization.

will

conquering

to
to

that

scattering

mucli

as

too

country.

the

on

and
has

already

distant

in

existence

has
in

there

harmful,

are

because

war

belongs

foreign

any

she

will
dom
free-

greater

Germany

attitude,

that

it

tendencies

sovereign

is confined

Africa,

in

her

endanger

that

they

risk, and

any

afford

Kingdom

reasons

same

for

Philippines,
and

upon

Furthermore,

eit'ect

colonies,

greatly

to

the

favorably

look

commerce.

United

in

exist

the
her

to

ports

to

and

of

independence

the

will

England

105

HENCE

CENTL'RY

to
and

spirit
France
that

grow

do

and

China,
does
loves

on

not

besides
shine

glory,
the

of

more

sees

but

fact

the
in

zeal

the

battlefields

for

glory
of

106

THE

PHILIPPINES

Europe,
East

The

for

it reaches

other

her

satisfiies

hardly

for

craving

both

obligations,

renown,

and

internally

also

has

She

quite faintly.

her

Far

the

in

battlefields

from

echo

HENCE

CENTURY

the

on

continent.

Holland

keep
her

the

and

seas

future

Holland
and

Sumatra

content

to
offers

Java.

Sumatra

the

Philippines,

whose

for

Dutch

sinister

be

will

than

have

coasts

expeditions.
in

and

Moluccas

greater

and

is sensible

omen

with

proceeds
from

Borneo,

great

fear

of

tion
cau-

losing

everything.
China
succeeds

consider

will
in

dismembered

or

powers
of

partitioned

that

and

intact

the

among
the

colonizing

are

is

not

pean
Euro-

continent

Asia.

The

same

she

has

the

south

even

herself

keeping

if she

fortunate

herself

to

is true

Russia,

who

England,
her

official

of

Japan.
and

envies
with

whom

language.

On

the

watches
she
She

is in

north

her;

on

accord

is, moreover,

THE

PHILIPPINES

under

such
she

that
she

diplomatic

from

is freed

of

it

the

the
lie

interests
in

the

of

foreign

the

the

is

ambition

are

Harrison

manifested

is

not

opened

congested
should
would

very
first

well
bites.

troublesome

is

contagious,

allow

her
the

North

rival,

of

the

if she

hand

no

day

dream

impossible,
and

this

is

States

the
in

should

be

once

she

case

powers
know

they

sharpened

would

in

sort

Canal

of

for

and

vices,

European

proceed,

America

whose

Panama

and

it the

appetite

seize.

covetousness

territory

to

more

to

has

stronjjest

But

attempt

her

not

something

the

excess

an

some

may

inhabitants,

with

that

who

This

the

nor

openly
not

and

question.

easy

Republic,

Africa,

among

Samoan

the

has

American

until

an

is,also, easier

possession.

example

be

not

attracts

Pacific

of

spoliation

Europe

affairs

she

and

great

in

will

that

107

from

outside

Korea

Philippines

Perhaps

for

is

but

population,

than

of

it, which

True

matter.

HENCE

pressure

think

not

can

CENTURY

by

the

quite
get

into

108

THE

PHILIPPINES

the

business.

her

traditions.

Very

the

of

new

much
that

men

with

will

perhaps
of

the

externally,
which
his

the

give

up

weapons,

the

country
life

their

more

Then

all

will

free, like

past,

they

to

and

internally

who
will

the

which

the

ability

and

and

be

of

withheld

made

to

distress,
coal.

islanders

instincts,
leaves

are

iron

Perhaps
and

maritime

that

land

abandoned
have

relieving
lead

with

the

and

mines

bird

wide

together

tilling

to

those

for

the

upon

enthusiasm

wasted

revive

the

their

both

again

of

With
soil

labor

same

copper,

nature,

will

the

at

their

freely

enter

the

gold

for

of

with

from

spring

long

neglect

their

for

sacrifice.

the

so

him.

it from

and

fatherland,

falls

youth

ancestors,

through

blood

to

with

defend

secured

and

their

will

to

contrary

liberty

recollection
strive

is

the

will

progress,

strengthen

this

Philippines

valor

so

and

road

the

likely

HENCE

CENTURY

Furthermore,

inexpressible
price

cantile
mer-

fitted
and
its

by

once

cage.

PHILIPPINES

THE

110

will

accidents

the

for

is

it

Nevertheless,

not

subject

are

Therefore,

way
and

Philippines

the

with

desires

of

rights,

Spaniards,
and

freely

reservations,
never

hope

is left

task

to

the

for

they

need

country:

of

day

some

we

Since

Filipinos
fact

in

these

rights

damaging

without

prefer

"Spain,

sympathy

be

grant

this

give

to

anger.

may

repeating

keep

to

million

irritating

we

repeat,

than

and

government

without

us,

of

ments
govern-

ever

begets

six

that

of

as

better

is

people

spontaneously,

tire

shall

it

grant

so

let the

will

we

contempt

to

cident,
ac-

workings
well

as

former

the

latter

the

love,

the

in

to

imperceptible

an

and

that

them:

before

trust

it.

to

time,

is

it is necessary

mother

to

peoples

repeat,

we

there

their

well

logic

Fortunately,

history.

pace

the

is sometimes

there

incomprehensible

while

of

destiny

depend

and

HENCE

CENTURY

We

mistrust.
while
this

of

unpleasant

saying
have

ray

to

spent

the

our

youth
of

in

country;

our

interests

thy

serving

the

whole

the

fervor

and

enthusiasm

ing

for

from

thee

would

assure

and

thy

sway

islands!

and

course

merely
we

in

up

because

tell

thee

wretched
of
for

hope,

we

all

not

thou

wish

lost

the

since

resources

the

it also
blood

and,

pursued

thy

traitors,
because

tell

to

about
it

of
take
from

hope,

future,

the

the

residue

our

have

we

all

our

since

that,

youth,

"

justice.
in-

result

the

its service

in

of

kinds

us

to

land

deaf,

all

say

everything

desire,
use,

we

that

unfortunate

being

it asks

when

family;

peace,

hate

draw

to

country,

and

Must

have

of

can

dost

efforts?

exhausted

we

of

country,

our

it

accused

work"

native

but

our

all

policy

our

hast

love

in

remained

us

have

we

intellects,

liberal

of

hast

truth

What

thee,

tliy pride,

we

the

to

hearts

loyal

thou

interests

thine,

peace

over

Spain,

wrapped
fatal

the

us

the

our

was

love,

of

glance

in

our

of

what

of

good

of

light

expended

the

looked

have

we

111

EIEECE

CENTURY

PHlLlPi'lNi:S

THE

veins

illusions
dis-

which
and

112

the

strength
day

some

for

Bhe

PHILIPPINES

THE

her

must

left

tell

redeem

that

herself?"

HENCE

arms?

our

Filipinas
and

woes

in

CENTURY

if

Spain,

that

thou

she

wishes

must

hast

to

no

be

we

ear

saved

RiZAL's

Farewell

Address

Address

On

"Countrymen:
that

learned

who

some

it

as

came

news

indications

if

still,

any

the

in

good

lines

these

of

notice

what

demonstrated

This

is

the

living.

its

and

was

to

be

notice

and

absolute

witnesses

availing
abuse

and

address

you

known.

wlien

planned,

convinced

incident

are

this

stop

may

being

was

fact,

faith,

hasten

truth

believing
an

over

beginning,

very

and

now

the

that

the

"From

but,

continuing,

to

unwary

The

Now

bad

or

name,

my

the

undeceive

silent

kept

amon"^

war-cry.

surprise,

disturbances

of

of

themselves

Spain
use,

irremediable.

considered

which

closed,

already

in

as

arms,

painful

been

had

in

were

from

return

my

name

my

Filipinos

Some

to

tirst

had

it,

opposed

impossibility.
to

that

words

ray
the

scheme

are

RIZAL'S

116

FAREWELL

utterly absurd,

was

bring: gfreat

"1

did

the

accord

bring,

would
at

most

anxious

still

am

pi'ior
by

itself

for

of

have

worthy
my

without
have

liberties
of

the

written

for

them.

and

individuality
of

these

writings
which
likewise

that

there

the

its

people,

study
no

(and repeat

have
of

and

as

that

country
and

own

is

2)lace

our

one

am

But

liberties.
the

My

country,

industry
of

if.

record.

our

of

it

useless

such

proofs

education

instruction

an

in

given

desirous

condition

means

may

have

stifling

fortunate,

of

is

in

ills which

prevent

equally

but

used

be

the

myself

could

own

offices,
to

of

my

mv

best, toward

considered

countrymen,

of

name,

my
seem

This

misfortunes.

against

good

my

for, convinced

sacrifice,

any

even

might

rebellion;

the

alone

not

way

later,

materialized,

movement

life, and

whatever

would

worse,

was

When

more.

offered

very

my

what

and,

sufferings,

even

advice,

ADDRESS

make
mended
recom-

civic

tues,
vir-

redemption.
my

words)

RizAL's

118

to
of

sons

from

come

Don

Jose

the

present

of

the

people

"For
of

not

Rizal

summarized

proofs
down

your

shall

lead

"So

far

could
rebellion.

of

you

from

advance

the

is

these

my

being

this

the

reason

gained

those
the

now

culture

of

for

asset

successful

issue.

opportuneness,
manifesto

His
words:

"Because

certainty
countrymen.

Promised

the

in
For

its

rebellion's

arms,

to

when

its

inferred
be

can

aims.

in

be

valuable

most

of

nor

as

now

than

rebels,

questioTi

condemning

it to

leaves

loyal

declarations,

considers

he

guarantee

principles

of

be

the

be

lay

shall

and

might
my

the

be

movement

dishonorable

by

which
to

to

independence

less

followed

combat

the

himself

but

wished-for

by procedures
being

his

to

because

impossible,

the

claim

insurrectionary'
and

triumph
that

limits

Rizal

premature

who

those

According

Spain.

tendencies

and

manifestations

separatist
ought

address

farp:well

fail,

to

Later

Land."

conducive

to

the

future
the

peace,

spirit

publication

it

of
of

RIZAL'S

the

proposed

these

papers

therein

'"Manila,

and

be

added

December

Your

public,
forwarded

to

Excellency
but

to

the

lUth,

IV.)

and

impolitic,

seems

to

made

being

ADDRESS

address

recommend

would

its

KAREWKLL

to

the

case

1896.

order

Judge
against

to

forbid

that

Advocate

Rizal."

all

RizAL's

"Additions"

These

him

the

before

defence
and

and

The

selected

jor

the
he

words

did

with

his

croivd,

unrebuked

Ills

death,

rfcalls

the

Jefi-ei/s

and

(f the

Reign

testify himself,

favor
his

tvays,

much

him,

as

/veil

in

implicating

had

as

vain
the

in

been

in

other

endeavor
Doctor.

while

for
assizes

tribunals

compelled
to

no

hear

the

ynediaeval
extort

and

timony
tes-

dared

behalf,

with

to

the

u'itness

his

tortured,

to

sat

him

of

bloody

permitted

a))pear

was

clamored

was

prosecution,

less

brother

oivn

serenes

the

for

in

Uizal

bloodthirsty

He

nut

uuis

back

of the

the

Terror.

of

given

of

army

argument

court,

stories

tenant
lieu-

superiors

ivhere

scene,

the

rebellion.

young

his

his

but

cieties
so-

Spanish

of

corded

by

junior

court

elbows

the

of Judge

say,

the

him,

displeasure

The

weah.

hours

the

the

on

revolutionary

pennitted

from

officers, risked

pitiably

him,

being responsible for

so

lltz(d's
comlemyied

tried

organized

only counsel

the few

ichich

have

to

having

of

martial

co2irt

pretended

charge

really Doctor

were

and

thumbmodern

confession

126

RIZAL'S

was

assumed

an

when

in

the

members
has

the

in

not

had

of

then

step

of

that

they

were

with
not

single

last

they

They

"

hour
not

its

was

it. for

sufficiently

serious

When

knew

of

dence
correspon-

surprise

shown.

name

my

with

proof

be

can

cruelly abused
to

that

nothing,

negative
mine

took

it proves

maintaining

Another

if

ter
mat-

they

Valenzuela,
I

not

communicate

that

of

Sr.

wanted

sides,
Be-

known

me.

letter

tion
atten-

comings

proves

have

that

was

the

attract

for

from

aware

sion
occa-

promoters

should

what

Valenzuela's

with

is

If

servants.

true,
to

five

large expenses?

Sr.

sending

two

rebellion

them.

Thirdly

did

it

that

say,

hide

to

the

the

the

uprising

an

not

at

of

correspondence

making

that

fact

me

been

is to

incur

cost,

travellinsr

were

Pio

der
un-

considerable

besides

Don

and

mere

inform

to

for

Valenzuela

were

charged

one

any

at

family

my

there

of

Pio

steamer

been

was

Don

name,

same

of

what

send

to

necessary

DEFENCE

me.

me

and

Why
before?

is

They

might

resigned

least

at

Only

made

volunteer

to

warn

details

of

convinced
but

Sr.
His

when

wrote

embarked

at

said

His

"

I took

Excellency,

the

part

or

you

persist

letter
in

your

that

on

had

General,
Cuba,

for

have

gone
in

of

to

Dapitan

conditional.
idea

tended
unat-

affairs

my

staid

was

that

precautions,

no

could

have

simply

Excellency's
"If

yet

security^

Governor

all

as

posted

departure

leaving

And

to.

for

Yaienzuela)

once,

go

considered

(besides

my

of

possible

not

was

movement

place

to

in

was

As

and

announcing

me

another

the

it

me.

innocent

wholly

of

Valenzuelacame

myself

put

fused
re-

dilferenc"^s

sought

Pio

him.

to

compromise

might

myself
the

miglit

according

because,

they

that

that

had

I had

Don

liad

consequence

having

padre,

Cuba.

to

me

in

tent,
con-

number

from

months,

missionary

for

which

me

affairs,

if not

was,

fate,

my

rescue

last

domestic

certain
with

to

me

these

in

to

propositions

various

people

that

likewise

say

127

DEFENCE

KIZAL'S

going

It

to

328

RIZAL'S

etc."

Cuba,
found
1

When

offered

myself

should

had

have

tried

and

when

other

for

Spain

staid

hoped

to

Fourthly.-

permitted
and

long

still

gotten

Moros

whom

would

land

nor

"

of

What

conscience

the

week.

the

in
the

has

one

said

chief

that

is he

who

had

might
of

the

Neither

bought

nor

with

live

to

lasted

vintas

hospital

was

coast

If

settlements.

family

which

small

my

of

and

boats

political activity,

in

my

kind

passports

along

times

even

built

Some

had

easy

en

ashore

1 went

absences
at

I knew

invited

port

some

had

excursions

away

have

Fifthly.
chief.

make

intentions

have

an

Dapitan

I wished,

as

had

In

"

had

out

set

Cuba.

to

settlements,

the

to

as

to

go

in

who

conscience

where

passengers
over.

later

uneasy

escape

especially Singapore,

route,

and

to

an

and
lency.
Excel-

His

to

days

had

it

"Castilla",

warship

fourten

or

and

Europe,

the

occurred

uprising

unconditionally

Twelve
for

the

board

on

me

DEFENCE

me.

was

is

the

ignor-

RTZAL'S

ed

in

he

may

the

says

they

Sixthly.
whose

aims

the
have
in

arts,

first

harmful
that

If

"

"

of

The

which
the

never

he

as

prejudiced

into

any

attention

days

later.

as

to

months

nine
is

now

real
after

since

reoroanized

said,

fact.

"Liga"
and
had

By-Laws
try,
indus-

came

few

persons,

the

all

at

paid

was

other

till' radicals

Had

when

action,

workiiio-,

to

exiled

tendencies

Kalipunan

tliat

reverse.

one

it

its

united

not

gut
no

was

by

Ninthly-

of

"Liji;a"

tn'rr

ignorant

was

who

only

commerce,

means

the

The

meeting

afterwards

chief

promote

rather

nor

Eitjhtlilv.

notified

I drafted

witnesses

"

it, because

that

by

etc,

favor,

existence
the

to

were

Seventhly

he

is

is true

testified

my

is

"'Lij^a":

It

"

12y

yes?

say

the

to

who

How

escape?

As

"

and

plottinj^

no,

DEFENCE

to

was

"Liga"

was

not

the

proof

leave

what

society
is

the

with
fact
the

it, organizing
answered

lacked

only

their

poses.
pur-

little

of

130

RTZAL'S

being

left

it; besides,
of

out

simply

of

counted

did

nor

society

ther
nei-

they

"Liga"
would
had

they

when

stige
pre-

abandoned

that

the

they

otherwise

the

retained

having

on

me

for

have

clearly

chief,

the

am

would

all, proves

purposes,

madeanotlier

I
and

Their

modified

have

me

they

would

radicals

would

for

"Liga".

and

the

allege,

some

name,

my

name

their

it but

if, as

name

it,

rebellion,

consideration
of

the

for

adapted

have

not

DEFENCE

serve

liave

not

already

one

organized.

Tenthly.

As

"

that, if there
it will

they
of

are

consider

bitter

any
the

all

my

were

deported,

from

an

inquiry

Then

in

case

in

which,

had

we

the

been

and

of

Administracion

brancli

according

court

in

them,

of
to

the

our

which

deprived
lands,

warehouses,

consequence

of

the

under

brothers-in-law

(tax-collecting
a

criticisms

circumstances

dwellings,

two

besides

letters, I begof

my

written.

were

our

to

my
a

suit

and

brother

arising
de

cienda
Ha-

government),
attorney

(in

Madrid),
on

Linares

Sr.

That

Eleventhly.

for

of
of

that

able

the

town,

of

the

of

of

even

the

had
miii.

I resided
of

years

missionary

very

exile^
parish

with

differences

personal

my

politico

where

four

ed,
alleg-

what

the

district

these

during

charge

for

ask

out
with-

exile

the

but

And

commanders
conduct

endured

have

true,

not

write.

to

priests despite
of

rif^ht

the

bad

we

because

not

was

my

"

complaint,

tary

Rivas,

side.

our

been

131

DEFENCE

RIZAL'S

one

them.

Twelfthly.
tious

All

"

and

little-founded

the

destroy

facts

these

considera.

accusation

of

those

who

asked

1 have

possible
up

all

went

no

wards'?
inlluenced

the

that

in

Judge

against
to

If

for

the

by

few

my

it died
who

words

me,

with

whom
Is

confronted.

at

etc.,

commerce,

further

be

single night

filibusterism,

the

discussed

testified

have

was

able

they

line

gathering

which

gathering

which
after-

immediately

were

to

present
would

it

had

been

not

have

RIZAL'S

132

let

the

to

interview

me.

Why

whom

those

forsaken

on

undertake

to

by

demonstrated
for

since

the

in

have
of

private

Fort

in

they

opposed

or

that,

Dec.

realizing
refused

unpromising.
I

it,

found

the

on

has

26,

contrary

proven.

1896.

JOSE

taken

concerned

making

the

as

been

have

society

have

nor

that

to

have

nor

but

and

well

very

have

must

purposes,

conversation

Santiago,

knew

did

neither

in
cause
Be-

considerations

these

to

sent,

me

useless

others,

rebellion,
been

politics

that

revolutionary

part

with

mission

unknown

confidence?

more

rebellion,

that

trust

had

Ka-

Dapitan

to

acquaintance

an

have

the

went

entirely

acquainted

had

views

my

not

formed

who

founded

Who

Persons

was

those

night

not.

me?

that

it

that

think

would

Is

"Liga"

the

tipunan?

that

die.

"Liga"

of

part

DEFENCE

RIZAL.

public

Respecting

liad

when

told

him

sent

because

that

my

me

would

anything

happened

went

on

This

movement.

he

had

of

the

show

to

and

don't

plied
re-

that

prove
consider

that

one

and

then

absurd

how

Pio

later

life

my

would

1,

is

been

me.

said

which

country

our

patience,

patience

me

"Besides,

innocence.

but

to

more.

compromise
have

he

and

have

that

me,

arranged.

no

compassion

should

they

suffer."

the

it

probably
that

if

had

then

in

see

etc.

bear

should

added

they

to

etc.,

could

they

that

He

etc.

they

July,

of

being

was

being

was

came

absurd,

was

that

me

etc.,

it

what

second

or

uprising

that

answered

of

ValenzAiela

an

him

advised

first

Pio

that

saying

all

at

the

until

1896,

notice

no

planned

Rebellion.

the

Valenzuela

will

was

tified.
tes-

"

He
"

did

not

tell

me

that

my

name

was

136

RIZAL'S

being
its

used,

chief,
Those

do

neither

treated

anything

who

testify

that

was

society?

Either

for

name

deceived

by

chief

own

who

arranjjement,
about

way
the

last

July

of

activity.
themselves

and

moment,

1892

It

of

Since

seems

my

have

entirely
have

some

najiie

for

their

any

in

he

any

until

enterprise

the

the

is

makes

when

then,

my

been

Where

an

disobeyed?

their

have

they

nor

or

of

consulted

not

sent
pre-

with

use

have.

important

so

it, is

against

is

they

or

made

order

no

ever

chiefship

them

or

who

dictates

who

do

this

purposes

others

having

proofs

have

they

their

of

with

was

(which

chief

the

am

accepted

relations

sort.

know

what

having
in

that

do

that

suggest

of

them),

my

he

that

nor

with

of

did

nor

know

not

DEFENCE

decides

seventh

of

ceased

political

wished

to

own

ends.

avail

One
All

by
loved

Dead

naoved

and

on,

among;

from

nnarried

or

passed

have

they

one

gone,

me

"

For

all

By

fate

place

too,

For

my

For

the

For

Tell

chains

laurel,

thy

couldst

Thou

song

Defiance

From

blind.

from
for

sorrow

to

"A

the

Ml

requested

seek

me

weak,

the

crime.

tyrant's

Musa"

speak:

me,

sublime,

voice

ever

of

bind.

leavest

thou

with

art

that

prisons

before

me

find:

offers

but

temple,

But

depa.rt:

Muse,

fairer

land

upon

stung.

are

regions

Other

heart

my

adverse

thou

Go

(18^4),
by

young

lady

of

Madrid.

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