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Hindu astrology
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article if you can. The talk page may contain suggestions. (February 2010)
Hindu astrology (also known as Indian astrology, more recently Vedic astrology Kannada:
), also Jyotish or Jyotisha, from Sanskrit jyoti a, from jyti- "light,
heavenly body") is the ancient Indian system of astronomy and astrology. It has three
branches (triskandham jyautis am hor ganitam samhiteti ca BPHS 1.2):

Siddhanta: Indian astronomy.

Samhita: Mundane astrology, predicting important events related to countries such as


war, earthquakes, political events, financial positions, electional astrology, house and
construction related matters (Vstu Shstra), animals, portents, omens, and so on.

Hora: Predictive astrology in detail.

The foundation of Hindu astrology is the notion of bandhu of the Vedas, (scriptures), which is
the connection between the microcosm and the macrocosm. Practice relies primarily on the
sidereal zodiac, which is different from the tropical zodiac used in Western (Hellenistic)
astrology in that an ayanama adjustment is made for the gradual precession of the vernal
equinox. Astrology remains an important facet in the lives of many Hindus. In Hindu culture,
newborns are traditionally named based on their jyotish charts, and astrological concepts are
pervasive in the organization of the calendar and holidays as well as in many areas of life,
such as in making decisions made about marriage, opening a new business, and moving into a
new home. Astrology retains a position among the sciences in modern India.[1] Following a
judgement of the Andhra Pradesh High Court in 2001, some Indian universities offer
advanced degrees in astrology.[2]

Contents
[hide]

1 English name

2 History

3 Elements
3.1 Vargas

3.1.1 Chart styles

3.2 Grahas the planets

3.3 Ri the zodiac signs

3.4 Bhvas the houses

3.5 Nakshatras

3.6 Da-s the planetary periods

3.7 Drishtis the planetary aspects

3.8 Gocharas the transits

3.9 Yogas the planetary combinations

3.10 Dig bala the directional strength

4 Horoscopy
o

4.1 Lagna the ascendant

4.2 Atmakaraka the soul significator

4.3 Gandanta the karmic knot

4.4 Ayanamsa the zodiac conversion

4.5 Moudhya the combustion

4.6 Saade saati the critical transit

5 Panchangam

6 In modern India
o

6.1 Status of astrology in modern India

7 See also

8 Notes

9 References

10 Bibliography

11 External links

[edit] English name


Hindu atrology had been in use as the English equivalent of Jyotiha since the early 19th
century. Vedic atrology is a relatively recent term, entering common usage in the 1980s with
self-help publications on Ayurveda or Yoga. The qualifier "Vedic" is however a something of
a misnomer,[3][4][5] as there is no mention of Jyotiha in the Vedas, however, Varaaha Mihira
clearly stated that he is aggregating from the books written by his ancestors like Paraashara.
Considering that Paraashara Samhitha is well known book of astrology and that Paraashara is
father of the Krishna Dhvypaayan, alias Vedha Vyaasa, it can be inferred that the roots of
Indian astrology existed prior to the Mahabhaaratha war which was recorded to have
happened 5113 year ago; but still there are some counter arguments from a certain section of

historians that there is no mention of Jyotiha in the Vedas, and historical documentation
suggests horoscopic astrology in the Indian subcontinent was a Hellenic influence post-dating
the Vedic period.[6]

[edit] History
Further information: Indian atronomy and Hindu chronology
The term jyoti a in the sense of one of the Vedanga, the six auxiliary disciplines of Vedic
religion, is used in the Mundaka Upanishad and thus likely dates to Mauryan times. The
Vedanga Jyotiha redacted by Lagadha dates to the Mauryan period, with rules for tracking
the motions of the sun and the moon.
The documented history of Hindu astrology begins with the interaction of Indian and
Hellenistic cultures in the Indo-Greek period. The oldest surviving treatises, such as the
Yavanajataka or the Brihat-Samhita, date to the early centuries CE. The Yavanajataka
("Sayings of the Greeks") was translated from Greek to Sanskrit by Yavanesvara during the
2nd century CE, under the patronage of the Western Satrap Saka king Rudradaman I, and is
considered the first Indian astrological treatise in the Sanskrit language.[7]
The first named authors writing treatises on astronomy are from the 5th century CE, the date
when the classical period of Indian astronomy can be said to begin. Besides the theories of
Aryabhata in the Aryabhatiya and the lost Arya-iddhnta, there is the Pancha-Siddhntika of
Varahamihira.
The main texts upon which classical Indian astrology is based are early medieval
compilations, notably the Brhat
Parara Horstra, and Srval by Kalyn avarman. The
Horahatra is a composite work of 71 chapters, of which the first part (chapters 151) dates
to the 7th to early 8th centuries and the second part (chapters 5271) to the later 8th century.
The Srval likewise dates to around 800 CE.[8] English translations of these texts were
published by N.N. Krishna Rau and V.B. Choudhari in 1963 and 1961, respectively.
Historically, the study of astrology in India was an important factor in the development of
astronomy in the Early Middle Ages. Ganaka is a caste in Kerala, India famous for doing
traditional Hindu or vedic astrology as their traditional career.

[edit] Elements
[edit] Vargas
Main article: Varga (atrology)
There are sixteen varga (Sanskrit: varga, 'part, division'), or divisional, charts used in Hindu
astrology:[9]
Varga
Rasi
Hora
Drekkana

Divisor Chart
1
D-1 Natal chart
2
D-2 Overall wealth
3
D-3 Siblings

Purpose

Chaturtamsha
4
Trimshamsha
5
Saptamsha
7
Navamsha
9
Dashamsha
10
Dwadashamsha 12
Shodhashamsha 16
Vimshamsha
20
Chaturvimsha
24
Saptavimshamsha 27
Khavedamsha
40
Akshavedamsha 45
Shastiamsha

60

D-4
D-5
D-7
D-9
D-10
D-12
D-16
D-20
D-24
D-27
D-40

Properties
Morals, ethics, spiritual values
Children
Spouse, Etc.
Earning Career
Parents, Grandparents
Vehicles
Upasana-s, Sdhana-s
Education (higher)
Vitality
Quality of life
(From here on out,the birth time must be absolutely precise
D-45
or the divisional chart is incorrect!!)
D-60 Used to differentiate between twins, etc., etc.

[edit] Chart styles


There are three chart styles used in Jyotis a, which are depicted below:

North Indian

South Indian

Eastern Indian

Legend: Ra - Rahu, Sa - Saturn, Ve - Venu, Su -Sun, Ma - Mar, Me - Mercury, A - Lagna,


Mo - Moon, Ke - Kethu, Ju - Jupiter. The third style of chart is available here.

[edit] Grahas the planets


Main article: Navagraha
Graha (Devanagari:
, Sanskrit: graha, 'eizing, laying hold of, holding'.)[10]
Nine grahas, or navagrahas, are used:[11]
Sanskrit Name

English Name

Abbreviation

Gender

Guna

Surya (
)
Chandra (
)
Mangala (
)
Budha (
)
Brihaspati (

)
Shukra (
)
Shani ()
Rahu (
)
Ketu (
)

Sun
Moon
Mars
Mercury
Jupiter
Venus
Saturn
North Lunar Node
South Lunar Node

Sy or Su
Ch or Mo
Ma
Bu or Me
Gu or Ju
Sk or Ve
Sa
Ra
Ke

M
F
M
N
M
F
M
M
M

Sattva
Sattva
Tamas
Rajas
Sattva
Rajas
Tamas
Tamas
Tamas

Planets in maximum exaltation, mooltrikona (own sign), and debilitation, are:[12]


Graha
Sun
Moon
Mars
Mercury
Jupiter
Venus
Saturn

Exaltation
10 Aries
3 Taurus
28 Capricorn
15 Virgo
5 Cancer
27 Pisces
20 Libra

Mooltrikona
4-20 Leo
4-20 Cancer
0-12 Aries
16-20 Virgo
0-10 Sagittarius
0-15 Libra
0-20 Aquarius

Debilitation
10 Libra
3 Scorpio
28 Cancer
15 Pisces
5 Capricorn
27 Virgo
20 Aries

Sign Rulership
Leo
Cancer
Aries, Scorpio
Gemini, Virgo
Sagittarius, Pisces
Taurus, Libra
Capricorn, Aquarius

Rahu and Ketu are exalted in Taurus/Scorpio and are also exalted in Gemini and Virgo.
The natural planetary relationships are:[13]
Graha
Sun
Moon
Mars
Mercury
Jupiter
Venus
Saturn
Rahu, Ketu

Friends
Moon, Mars, Jupiter
Sun, Mercury
Sun, Moon, Jupiter
Sun, Venus
Sun, Moon, Mars
Mercury, Saturn
Venus, Mercury
Mercury, Venus, Saturn

Neutral

Enemies
Mercury
Venus, Saturn
Mars, Jupiter, Venus, Saturn Mercury, Venus, Saturn
Venus,Saturn
Mercury
Mars, Jupiter, Saturn
Moon
Saturn
Mercury, Venus
Mars, Jupiter
Sun, Moon
Jupiter
Sun, Moon, Mars
Mars
Sun, Moon, Jupiter

[edit] Ri the zodiac signs


The sidereal zodiac is an imaginary belt of 360 degrees (like the tropical zodiac), divided into
12 equal parts. Each twelfth part (of 30 degrees) is called a sign or ri (Sanskrit: ri, 'part').
Jyotis a and Western zodiacs differ in the method of measurement. While synchronically, the
two systems are identical, Jyotis a uses primarily the sidereal zodiac (in which stars are
considered to be the fixed background against which the motion of the planets is measured),
whereas most Western astrology uses the tropical zodiac (the motion of the planets is
measured against the position of the Sun on the Spring equinox). This difference becomes

noticeable over time. After two millennia, as a result of the precession of the equinoxes, the
origin of the ecliptic longitude has shifted by about 22 degrees. As a result the placement of
planets in the Jyotis a system is consistent with the actual zodiac, while in western astrology
the planets fall into the following sign, as compared to their placement in the sidereal zodiac,
about two thirds of the time.
Number Sanskrit Name Western/Greek Name
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

Tattva
(Element)

Quality

Ruling
Planet

Mea (
) "ram" Aries ( "ram")

Tejas (Fire)

Cara
(Movable)

Vr abha (
)
"bull"
Mithuna (
)
"twins"
Karkata (
)
"crab"
Simha (
)
"lion"
Kany (
)
"girl"
Tul (
)
"balance"
Vrcika
(
)

"scorpion"
Dhanu (
)
"bow"
Makara ()
"sea-monster"
Kumbha (
)
"pitcher"
Mna ()
"fish"

Prithivi
(Earth)

Sthira (Fixed) Venus

Taurus ( "bull")
Gemini (
"twins")
Cancer (
"crab")

Dvisvabhava
(Dual)
Cara
Jala (Water)
(Movable)
Vayu (Air)

Mars

Mercury
Moon

Leo ( "lion")

Tejas (Fire) Sthira (Fixed) Sun

Virgo (
"virgin")

Prithivi
(Earth)

Dvisvabhava
(Dual)
Cara
(Movable)

Libra ( "balance") Vayu (Air)


Scorpio (o
"scorpion")
Sagittarius (
"archer")
Capricorn (
"goat-horned")
Aquarius (
"water-pourer")
Pisces ( "fish")

Mercury
Venus

Jala (Water) Sthira (Fixed) Mars

Prithivi
(Earth)

Dvisvabhava
(Dual)
Cara
(Movable)

Vayu (Air)

Sthira (Fixed) Saturn

Jala (Water)

Dvisvabhava
(Dual)

Tejas (Fire)

The zodiac signs in Hindu astrology correspond to parts of the body:[14]


Sign

Part of Body

Mes a (Aries)

head

Vr s a bha (Taurus)

mouth

Mithuna (Gemini)

arms

Karka (Cancer)

two sides

Simha (Leo)

heart

Kany (Virgo)

digestive system

Tula (Libra)

umbilical area

Vr cika (Scorpio)

generative organs

Jupiter
Saturn

Jupiter

Dhanus (Sagittarius)

thighs

Makara (Capricorn)

knees

Kumbha (Aquarius)

Lower part of legs

Mna (Pisces)

feet

[edit] Bhvas the houses


Main article: Bhva
Bhva (Sanskrit: bhva, 'division'.) In Hindu astrology, the natal chart is the bhava chakra
(Sanskrit: chakra, 'wheel'.) The bhava chakra is the complete 360 circle of life, divided into
houses, and represents our way of enacting the influences in the wheel. Each house has
associated karaka (Sanskrit: karaka, 'significator') planets that can alter the interpretation of a
particular house.[15]
Hous
e

Name

Karakas

Meanings

Lagna

Sun

outer personality, physique, health/well-being, hair,


appearance

Dhana

Jupiter, Mercury,
Venus, Sun, Moon

wealth, family relationships, eating habits, speech,


eyesight, death

Sahaja

Mars

natural state, innate temperament, courage, valor,


virility, younger siblings

Sukha

Moon

inner life, emotions, home, property, education,


mother

Putra

Jupiter

creativity, children, spiritual practices, punya

Ari

Mars, Saturn

acute illness, injury, openly known enemies,


litigation, daily work, foreigners, service

Yuvati

Venus, Jupiter

business and personal relationships, marriage,


spouse, war, fighting

Randhar
Saturn
a

length of life, physical death, moks a, chronic


illness, deep and ancient traditions

Dharma Jupiter, Sun

luck, fortune, spirituality, dharma, guru, father

10

Karma

Mercury, Jupiter,
Sun, Saturn

dream fulfillment, knees and spine, current karmas,


career, sky themes (being 12am/mid heavens

11

Labha

Jupiter

gains, profits from work, ability to earn money,


social contexts and organizations

12

Vyaya

Saturn

loss, intuition, imprisonment, foreign travel,


moksha

[edit] Nakshatras

Main article: Nakhatra


A nakshatra or lunar mansion is one of the 27 divisions of the sky, identified by the prominent
star(s) in them, used in Hindu astrology.[16]
Historical (medieval) Hindu astrology had various systems of enumerating either 27 or 28
nakshatras. Today, popular usage[clarification needed] favours a rigid system of 27 nakshatras
covering 1320 of the ecliptic each. Each nakshatra is divided into quarters or pada of
320:
#
Name
)
1 Ashvin (
2 Bharan ()
)
3 Krittik (
4 Rohini ()
5

Mrigashrsha
(

)
6 rdr (

)
7 Punarvasu (

)
8 Pushya (
)
9 shlesh (

Location
0 1320' Aries
1320' 2640'
Aries
2640' Aries
1000' Taurus
1000' 2320'
Taurus
2320' Taurus
640' Gemini
640' 2000'
Gemini
2000' Gemini
320' Cancer
320' 1620'
Cancer
1640' Cancer
000' Leo
000' 1320' Leo

Ruler Pada 1 Pada 2 Pada 3 Pada 4


Chu Che Cho La
Ketu
Venus

Li

Lu

Le

Lo

Sun

Moon

Mars
Rahu

Vi/Bi Vu/Bu
Va/Ba

Ka Ke
Ve/Be Vo/Bo
Ku

Gha Ng/Na Chha

Jupiter Ke

Ko Ha

Hi

Saturn Hu

He

Ho

Da

MercuryDi

Du

De

Do

Mi Mu

Me

Ta

Ti

Tu

To

Pa

Pi

Ma
10 Magh ()
Ketu
Prva or Prva Phalgun
11
1320' 2640' Leo Venus Mo
(

)
Uttara or Uttara
2640' Leo 1000'

Te
12 Phalgun (
Sun
Virgo

)
1000' 2320'
)
13 Hasta (
Moon Pu
Virgo
2320' Virgo 640'
)
14 Chitr (
Mars Pe
Libra
)
15 Svt (
640' 2000 Libra Rahu Ru
2000' Libra 320'
16 Vishkh ()
Jupiter Ti
Scorpio
320' 1640'
)
17 Anurdh (
Saturn Na
Scorpio
1640' Scorpio
)

18 Jyeshtha (
MercuryNo
000' Sagittarius
000' 1320'
Ye
19 Mla ( )
Ketu
Sagittarius
Prva Ashdh
1320' 2640'
20
Venus Bhu
(

)
Sagittarius
21 Uttara Ashdh
2640' Sagittarius Sun
Bhe

Sha Na

Tha

Po

Ra

Ri

Re

Ro

Ta

Tu

Te

To

Ni

Nu

Ne

Ya Yi

Yu

Yo Bha

Bhi

Dha
Bha/Pha
Bho Ja
Ji
Dha

1000' Capricorn
1000' 2320'
)
22 Shravana (
Capricorn
Shravishth (
) or 2320' Capricorn
23
640' Aquarius
Dhanist
Shatabhish
640' 2000'
24
( )or Shatataraka Aquarius
Prva Bhdrapad
2000' Aquarius
25
(

)
320' Pisces
Uttara Bhdrapad
320' 1640'
26
(

)
Pisces
1640' 3000'
)
27 Revat (
Pisces

Moon

Jo/Khe
Ju/Khi Je/Khu
Gha/Kho

Mars

Ga Gi

Gu

Ge

Rahu

Go Sa

Si

Su

Jupiter Se

So Da

Di

Saturn Du

Tha Jha

Da/Tra

MercuryDe

Do Cha

Chi

[edit] Da-s the planetary periods


Main article: Daha (atrology)
Dasha (Devanagari: , Sanskrit,da, 'planetary period'.) The dasha system shows which
planets will be ruling at particular times in Hindu astrology. There are several dasha systems;
however, the primary system used by astrologers is the Vimshottari dasha system. The first
maha dasha is determined by the position of the natal Moon. Each maha dasha is divided into
subperiods called bhukti. Vimshottari dasha lengths are:[17]
Maha Dasha Length

Bhuktis

Ketu

7 Years

Ketu, Venus, Sun, Moon, Mars, Rahu, Jupiter, Saturn, Mercury

Venus

20 Years Venus, Sun, Moon, Mars, Rahu, Jupiter, Saturn, Mercury, Ketu

Sun

6 Years

Moon

10 Years Moon, Mars, Rahu, Jupiter, Saturn, Mercury, Ketu, Venus, Sun

Mars

7 Years

Rahu

18 Years Rahu, Jupiter, Saturn, Mercury, Ketu, Venus, Sun, Moon, Mars

Jupiter

16 Years Jupiter, Saturn, Mercury, Ketu, Venus, Sun, Moon, Mars, Rahu

Saturn

19 Years Saturn, Mercury, Ketu, Venus, Sun, Moon, Mars, Rahu, Jupiter

Mercury

17 Years Mercury, Ketu, Venus, Sun, Moon, Mars, Rahu, Jupiter, Saturn

Sun, Moon, Mars, Rahu, Jupiter, Saturn, Mercury, Ketu, Venus


Mars, Rahu, Jupiter, Saturn, Mercury, Ketu, Venus, Sun, Moon

[edit] Drishtis the planetary aspects


Drishti (Sanskrit: drihti, 'sight'.) In Hindu astrology, the aspect is to an entire sign, and
grahas only cast forward aspects:[18]
Graha

Houses

Sun

7th

Moon

7th

Mercury

7th

Venus

7th

Mars

4th, 7th, 8th

Jupiter

5th, 7th, 9th

Saturn

3rd, 7th, 10th

Rahu

5th, 7th, 9th

Ketu

5th, 7th, 9th

[edit] Gocharas the transits


Gochara (Sanskrit: gochara, 'transit'.) In Hindu astrology, a natal chart shows the actual
positions of the grahas at the moment of birth. Since that moment, the grahas have continued
to move around the zodiac, interacting with the natal chart grahas. This period of interaction
is called gochara.[19]

[edit] Yogas the planetary combinations


Yoga (Sanskrit: yoga, 'union'.) In Hindu astrology, yogas are planetary combinations placed
in specific relationships to each other.[20]
Kalasarpa Yoga is a dangerous yoga. If all planets (excepting Uranus, Neptune, Pluto) are 1side of Rahu & Ketu, it becomes Kala-Sarpa Yoga.

[edit] Dig bala the directional strength


Dig bala (Sanskrit: dig bala, 'directional strength'.) Graha-s gain strength when they are
placed in specific cardinal houses:[21]
House

Grahas

Direction

1st

Jupiter, Mercury

East

4th

Venus, Moon

North

7th

Saturn

West

10th

Sun, Mars

South

[edit] Horoscopy
[edit] Lagna the ascendant
Main article: Lagna
Lagna (Sanskrit: lagna, 'ascendant'.) Lagna is the first moment of contact between the soul
and its new life on earth in Hindu astrology.[22]

[edit] Atmakaraka the soul significator


Main article: Atmakaraka
Atmakaraka (Sanskrit: atmakaraka, from atma, 'soul', and karaka, 'significator' .)
Atmakaraka is the significator of the soul's desire in Hindu astrology.[23]

[edit] Gandanta the karmic knot


Main article: Gandanta
Gandanta (Sanskrit: gandanta, from gand, 'knot', and anta, 'end'.) Gandanta is a spiritual or
karmic knot in Hindu astrology. Gandanta describes the junction points in the natal chart
where the solar and lunar zodiacs meet, and are directly associated with times of soul growth.
[24]

[edit] Ayanamsa the zodiac conversion


Main article: Ayanama
Ayanamsa (Sanskrit: ayanma, from ayana, 'movement', and ama, 'component') is the
longitudinal difference between the Tropical (Sayana) and Sidereal (Nirayana) zodiacs.[25]

[edit] Moudhya the combustion


Moudhya (Sanskrit: moudhya, 'combustion') is a planet that is in conjunction with the Sun.
The degrees the planets are considered combust are:[26]
Graha

Degree

Moon

12

Mercury

13

Venus

Mars

17

Jupiter

11

Saturn

15

[edit] Saade saati the critical transit


Saade saati, the transit of Saturn over the natal Moon, is the most important transit in a birth
chart and takes approximately 7.5 years to complete. The transit begins when Saturn enters
the house before the Moon, and ends when Saturn departs the house after the Moon. The
most intense phase is when Saturn is 23 on either side of the Moon. The beginning of the
transit will give an indication of the issues to be addressed. Saade saati results in a complete
transformation, usually with a change in career or life direction.[27]

[edit] Panchangam
Main article: Panchanga
Panchanga (Sanskrit: pacga, from panch, 'five' and anga, 'limbs'.) The panchanga is a
Hindu astrological almanac that follows traditional Indian cosmology, and presents important
astronomical data in tabulated form. Panchanga means five limbs, or five lights that
influence every day.[28]

[edit] In modern India


David Pingree notes that astrology and traditional medicine are the two traditional sciences
that have survived best in modern India, although both have been much transformed by their
western counterparts.[29]
Astrology remains an important facet of Hindu folk belief in contemporary India. Many
Hindus believe that heavenly bodies, including the planets, have an influence throughout the
life of a human being, and these planetary influences are the "fruit of karma."[30] The
Navagraha, planetary deities, are considered subordinate to Ishvara, i.e., the Supreme Being)
in Hindu belief assist in the administration of justice.[31] Thus, these planets can influence
earthly life.[32]
Charts are sometimes consulted before a baby is born in order to help pick a name for the
child.

[edit] Status of astrology in modern India


Further information: NCERT controvery and Saffronization
In the early 2000s, under the Bharatiya Janata Party led government, astrology became a
topic of political contention between the religious right and academic establishment,
comparable to the "Creation science" debate in US education.
The University Grants Commission and the Ministry of Human Resource Development of the
Government decided to introduce "Jyotir Vigyan" (i.e. jyotir vijna) or "Vedic astrology" as
a discipline of study in Indian universities, backed up by a decision by the Andhra Pradesh
High Court, despite widespread protests from the scientific community in India and Indian
scientists working abroad.[33] In September of the same year, the Supreme Court of India
issued a notice to the Ministry of Human Resource Development in reaction to a petition,
stating that the introduction of astrology to university curricula is "a giant leap backwards,
undermining whatever scientific credibility the country has achieved so far".[34]
In 2004, the Supreme Court dismissed a further petition, judging that the teaching of
astrology does not qualify as promotion of religion.[35] In February 2011, the Bombay High
Court reaffirmed astrology's standing in India when it dismissed a case which had challenged
it status as a science.[36]

[edit] See also

Astrology portal

Antiquity frenzy
Archaeoastronomy and Vedic
chronology

Bhrigu Samhita

Electional Astrology- Vedic Muhurta

Hindu calendar

Hindu chronology

Hindu cosmology

History of astrology

Indian astronomy

Jyotis a resources

Mesha (Indian astrology)

Nadi astrology

Phonetical astrology- Swar Shaatra

Planets in astrology

Tithi

[edit] Notes
1.

^ "In countries such as India, where only a small intellectual elite has been trained in
Western physics, astrology manages to retain here and there its position among the sciences."
David Pingree and Robert Gilbert, "Astrology; Astrology In India; Astrology in modern
times" Encyclopdia Britannica 2008

2.

^ Mohan Rao, Female foeticide: where do we go? Indian Journal of Medical Ethics
Oct-Dec2001-9(4), issuesinmedicalethics.org; T. Jayaraman, A judicial blow, Frontline
Volume 18 Issue 12, Jun. 09 22, 2001 hinduonnet.com

3.

^ Kushal Siddhanta, "Some questions concerning the UGC course in astrology",


Breakthrough, Vol.9, No.2, November 2001, p.3

4.

^ Narlikar (2001)

5.

^ P. Norelli-Bahelet (2002)

6.

^ Pingree(1981), p.67ff, 81ff, 101ff

7.

^ Mc Evilley "The shape of ancient thought", p385 ("The Yavanajataka is the earliest
surviving Sanskrit text in horoscopy, and constitute the basis of all later Indian developments
in horoscopy", himself quoting David Pingree "The Yavanajataka of Sphujidhvaja" p5)

8.

^ David Pingree, Jyotih tra (J. Gonda (Ed.) A Hitory of Indian Literature, Vol VI
Fasc 4), p.81

9.

^ Sutton pp.6164.[unreliable ource?]

10.

^ Sanskrit-English Dictionary by Monier-Williams, (c) 1899

11.

^ Sutton pp.3851.[unreliable ource?]

12.

^ Sutton p.21.[unreliable ource?]

13.

^ Sutton p.21.[unreliable ource?]

14.

^ Charak, Dr. K.S. (1996). Eential of Medical Atrology, Uma Publications, pp.5
6.

15.

^ Sutton pp.93167.[unreliable ource?]

16.

^ Sutton p.168.[unreliable ource?]

17.

^ Sutton p.211.[unreliable ource?]

18.

^ Sutton pp.2627.[unreliable ource?]

19.

^ Sutton p.227.[unreliable ource?]

20.

^ Sutton p.265.[unreliable ource?]

21.

^ Sutton pp.2526.[unreliable ource?]

22.

^ Sutton p.96.[unreliable ource?]

23.

^ Sutton p.326.[unreliable ource?]

24.

^ Sutton pp.6164.[unreliable ource?]

25.

^ Sutton p.11.[unreliable ource?]

26.

^ Sutton p.33.[unreliable ource?]

27.

^ Sutton p.231-232.[unreliable ource?]

28.

^ Sutton, Komilla (2007). Peronal Panchanga and the Five Source of Light, The
Wessex Astrologer Ltd, England, p.1.[unreliable ource?]

29.

^ David Pingree, review of G. Prakash, Science and the Imagination of Modern


India, Journal of the American Oriental Society (2002), p. 154 f.

30.

^ Karma, an anthropological inquiry, pg. 134, at Google Books

31.

^ Karma, an anthropological inquiry, pg. 134, at Google Books

32.

^ Karma, an anthropological inquiry, pg. 134, at Google Books

33.

^ T. Jayaraman, A judicial blow, Frontline Volume 18 Issue 12, June 09 22, 2001
hinduonnet.com

34.

^ Supreme Court questions 'Jyotir Vigyan', Time of India, 3 September 2001


timesofindia.indiatimes.com

35.

^ Supreme Court: Teaching of astrology no promotion of religion; Introduction of


Vedic astrology courses in universities upheld

36.

^ 'Astrology is a science: Bombay HC', The Times of India, 3 February, 2011

[edit] References

Sutton, Komilla (1999). The Eential of Vedic Atrology, The Wessex Astrologer
Ltd, England[unreliable ource?]

[edit] Bibliography
Further information: Jyotia bibliography
Encyclopedic treatments

Kim Plofker, "South Asian mathematics; The role of astronomy and astrology",
Encyclopdia Britannica (online edition, 2008)

David Pingree and Robert Gilbert, "Astrology; Astrology In India; Astrology in


modern times", Encyclopdia Britannica (online edition, 2008)

"Hindu Chronology" Encyclopdia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1911)

Academic literature

David Pingree, "Astronomy and Astrology in India and Iran", Ii Journal of The
Hitory of Science Society (1963), 229246.

David Pingree, Jyotih tra in J. Gonda (ed.) A Hitory of Indian Literature, Vol VI,
Fasc 4, Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden (1981).

Ebenezer Burgess, "On the Origin of the Lunar Division of the Zodiac represented in
the Nakshatra System of the Hindus", Journal of the American Oriental Society (1866).

William D. Whitney, "On the Views of Biot and Weber Respecting the Relations of
the Hindu and Chinese Systems of Asterisms"", Journal of the American Oriental Society
(1866).

Satish Chandra, "Religion and State in India and Search for Rationality", Social
Scientit (2002).

[edit] External links

Srisivanadi.com

Naveen's InfoSite: Vedic Hindu Astrology

Hindu astrology at the Open Directory Project

mypanchang.com Kundli, Jathakam Vedic Astrology


[hide]

Jyotish Vidya

Nakshatras

Ashvin Bharan Kr ttikRohin Mrigashra rdr


Punarvasu Pushya shlesh Magh Prva Phalgun
Uttara Phalgun Hasta Chitr Svt Vishkh
Anurdh Jyeshtha Mla Prva Ashdh Uttara
Ashdh Shravana Dhanistha Shatabhisha Prva
Bhdrapad Uttara Bhdrapad Revat

Bhvas

Lagna Dhana Parakrama Suhr da Suta Ripu/Roga


Kma Mr tyu Bhgya Karma ya Vyaya

Ri

Mes a Vr s abhaMithuna Karkat aSimha Kany Tul


Vr cikaDhanus Makara Kumbha Mna

Navagraha

Surya Chandra Mangala Budha Brihaspati Shukra


Shani Rahu Ketu

Other Panchangam Ayanamsa Gandanta Atmakaraka Lagna


concepts Drishtis Das

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