MANILA, PHILIPPINES

Climate: Hot and Humid, Tropical

40C (104F)
30C

Max. Temperature

(86F)
ASHRAE Comfort Zone

20C

Average Temperature

(68F)

Min. Temperature

10C

(50F)

TEMPERATURE
ANNUAL SUMMARY

SUN ANGLES: Manila

Average temperature: 25-30C

Jun. 21 9am: 47

Average daily hours of sunshine: 6.5

Jun. 21 noon: 81

Average rainfall: 1875 mm

Jun. 21 4pm: 33

60%

Prevailing wind direction: E/W

Dec. 21 9am: 33

40%

Average wind speed: 10-35 km/h

Dec. 21 noon: 52

Lat. 1431N, Long. 12100E

Dec. 21 4pm: 19

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

OCT

NOV

DEC

80%

ASHRAE Comfort Zone

20%

HUMIDITY
CLIMATE

Encyclopedia Britannica: Manila Landscape

JUN

100%

0%

Manila is protected from extreme weather conditions by the hills of the

Eastern Cordillera to the east and by the mountains of Bataan Peninsula.
The tropical climate is characterized by a wet season that lasts from June to
November and by a dry season lasting from December to May. High humidity
and thunderstorms are common in July, August, and September, when more
rain is received than in other months and wind direction changes from East
to West.

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY

Ecotect: Manila International Airport

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

Ecotect: Manila International Airport

398

400 mm (16 in.)

= Manila

341

300 mm (12 in.)

326

273
230

200 mm (8 in.)

0 mm (0 in.)

PRECIPITATION

120

113

100 mm (4 in.)

49
6

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

World Climate: Manila International Airport

CLIMATE ANALYSIS

50 km/h (31 mph)

800 W/m2

40 km/h (25 mph)

600 W/m2

30 km/h (19 mph)

400 W/m2

20 km/h (13 mph)

200 W/m2
0 W/m2

DIRECT
SOLAR

10 km/h (6mph)
0 km/h (0mph)
JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

Ecotect: Manila International Airport Data

WIND SPEED

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

Ecotect: Manila International Airport Data

100%
80%

WIND FREQUENCY, DIRECTION, + SPEED

60%

Winter

Spring

Summer

Autumn

40%
20%
0%

CLOUD
COVER

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

Ecotect: Manila International Airport Data

SOLAR RADIATION
In early Spring, Manila has the most sunshine. For most of the year, Manila
experiences hazy conditions, causing an increase in humidity throughout the rest
of the year.

Ecotect: Manila International Airport Data

WIND
Largely coming from the East, wind speeds average 10-30 km/hr and average temperature
ranges between 25-35 C. In the summer and early fall, winds may come from the West
with less intensity.

CLIMATE ANALYSIS

PSYCHROMETRIC CHART

N
330

10

30

20
30
40

300

60

50
60

Strategies:

70

ASHRAE Comfort Zone

Natural Ventilation
Thermal Mass
Passive Solar Heating
Exposed Mass and Night Purge
Indirect Evaporative Cooling

80

HUMIDITY

240

120

150

210
S

SUN PATH DIAGRAM

Ecotect: Manila International Airport Data

TEMPERATURE

THERMAL COMFORT
The Psychrometric chart shows the standard comfort zone in yellow. The cumulative hours
at each temperature and humidity are shaded in increasingly darker olive green. Selected
strategies extend the comfort zone without mechanical heating or cooling.
Manila experiences large percentages of humidity and high temperatures throughout the year.
Implementing natural ventilation, the building will be able to reduce mechanical operations for
a signicant part of the year.

Plan view of the sun path through the sky

showing altitude and azimuth.

Ecotect: Manila International Airport Data

SUN PATH

SUN ANGLES: MANILA INTL AIRPORT

SOLSTICE SUNRISE/SUNSET

Jun. 21 9am: 47

Jun. 21:

Jun. 21 noon: 81

5.31 AM

6.22 PM

Dec. 21:
6.17 AM

5.26 PM

Jun. 21 4pm: 32
Dec. 21 9am: 33
Dec. 21 noon: 52
Dec. 21 4pm: 19

CLIMATE ANALYSIS