You are on page 1of 2

wWw.VipLam.

Net

CC DNG BI TON VECT TRONG HNH HC PHNG


A/ Kin thc cn nh - Mt
s qui tc
uu
r uur r
1/ I l trung im AB IA IB 0
uuur uuur
uuu
r
2/ I l trung im AB, vi mi im M MA MB 2MI
uuu
r uuu
r uuur r
3/ G l trng tm tam gic ABC GA GB GC 0
uuur uuur uuuu
r uuuu
r
4/ G l trng tm tam gic ABC, vi mi im M MA MB MC MG
uuur uuur uuur
uuur uuur uuur
5/ Qui tc 3 im ( Qui tc tam gic) AB BC AC hay AB MB MA
uuur uuur
uuur uuur
uuur uuur uuur
6/ Qui tc hnh bnh hnh : ABCD l hnh bnh hnh AB AD AC hay AD BC hay AB DC
r r
r r
r
r r
7/ Hai vect a; b khng cng phng v vect c 0 !k , l (k 2 l 2 0) sao cho c k a lb
Gii hr phng
trnh tm b s duy nht k, l.
r
r
r
8/ Hai vect a; b cng phng !k 0 sao cho a kb
( trong k>0: hai vect cng hng; k<0: hai vect ngc hng)
9/ Chng minh h thc vect cho trc dng phng php chn 1 hoc nhiu im vo ng thc vect
v dng cc qui tc trn bin i thnh mt ng thc ng.
VD:
Cho hair tamuuugic
ABC v ABC c trng tm ln lt l G v G. Chng minh:
uuur uuur uuuu
ur
AA ' BB ' CC ' 3GG ' .
Gii: Chn
G v G vo v tri. Ta c:
uuur uuuur uuuuur uuur uuuur uuuuur uuur uuuur uuuuur
uuuur
VT = AG GG ' G ' A ' BG GG ' G ' B ' CG GG ' G ' C ' 3GG ' (PCM)
uuur uuur uuur
uuu
r uuur uuur r
(Do AG BG CG (GA GB GC ) 0 v G l trng tm tam gic ABC;
uuuuur uuuuur uuuuur r
Do G ' A ' G ' B ' G ' C ' 0 v G l trng tm tam gic ABC)
10/ Tm vect v di ca chng:
+ Da vo cc qui tc biu din vect cn tm theo cc vect bit.
+ Dng cc qui tc, cng thc trong hnh hc phng tnh di ca chng.
r r
a; b cung huong
r r
r r
11/ Dng nh ngha a b
a b

r r
r r
r r
12/ Nu a b v b c th a c

r
r
B/ Cho u u1 ; u2 , v v1 ; v2 . Khi :

r r
u v u1 v1 ; u2 v2
r r
u v u1 v1 ; u2 v2
r
ku ku1 ; ku2 ; k
r r
u v
uv 1 1
u2 v2

C/ Cho 4 m

A x A ; y A ; B xB ; yB ; C xC ; yC ; D xD ; y D

uuu
r
1/ Ta vect AB xB x A ; yB y A

x A xB
2
; I ( xI ; y I )
2/ Ta I l trung im AB:
y

y
A
B
y
I

xI

wWw.VipLam.Net
x A xB xC
3
; G ( xG ; yG )
3/ Ta G l trng tm tam gic ABC:
y y A yB yC
G
3
uuur uuur
4/ Chng minh A, B, C khng thng hng A, B, C lp thnh mt tam gic AB; AC khng cng

xG

uuur

uuur

phng: AB k AC ; k

xB x A y B y A

.
xC x A yC y A

uuur uuur

5/ Chng minh A, B, C thng hng ng thng qua A, B i qua C AB; AC cng phng:
uuur
uuur
x x A yB y A
0 k : AB k AC B

hay tm B A, B, C thng hng.


xC x A yC y A
6/
Ta im M Ox M (a;0)
Ta im M Oy M (0; b)
Ta im M tng qut M ( xM ; yM )

7/

a/ ng thng i qua A, B v ct Ox ti M, tm ta M :

xM xA yM y A
a xA
0 yA

.
xB x A
yB y A
xB x A y B y A

M M thuc ng thng qua A; B A, M, B thng hng

Tm a M (a;0)
b/ ng thng i qua A, B v ct Oy ti N, tm ta N :
M N thuc ng thng qua A; B A, N, B thng hng

Do M Ox M (a;0)

Do N Oy N (0; b)

xN x A y N y A
0 xA
b yA

.
xB x A y B y A
xB x A y B y A

Tm b N (0; b)
c/ ng thng i qua A, B ct ng thng i qua C, D ti M, tm ta M: Gi M ( xM ; yM )
xM x A yM y A

( yB y A ) xM xB xA yM yB y A x A xB xA y A 1 .
xB x A
yB y A
xM xC yM yC

( yD yC ) xM xD xC yM y D yC xC xD xC yC 2 .
+ C, M, D thng hng
xD xC
y D yC
Gii h phng trnh (1) v (2) Tm ta M ( xM ; yM )

+ A, M, B thng hng

uuur

uuur

xD x A xC xB
D ( xD , y D )
yD y A yC yB
uuur
uuur
uuuu
r r
MA MB MC 0
x xB xC
xM A

M ( xM ; y M )
y A yB yC
yM

8/ Tm ta D sao cho ABCD l hnh bnh hnh AD BC


9/ Tm ta im M tha mn h thc vect

( x A xM ) ( xB xM ) ( xC xM ) 0

( y A yM ) ( yB yM ) ( yC yM ) 0

10/ Chng minh hai ng thng i qua A, B v ng thng i qua C, D song song hay ABCD l
uuur uuur

uuur uuur

xD xC y D yC
x x y y
B
A
B
A

hnh thang, ta chng minh AB; CD cng phng v AB; AC khng cng phng hay

xC x A yC y A
xB x A yB y A

11/ Cho im M x0 , y0 . Ta c A x0 , y0 i xng M qua Ox; B x0 , y0 i xng M qua Oy;


C x0 , y0 i xng M qua O.

You might also like