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BIG DATA Governance

How To Avoid The Pitfalls Of Big Data Governance

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Table of Contents
The need to provide answers quickly........................................................................................ 3
You cant measure what you dont manage .............................................................................. 3
Aligning the overall architecture with the problem ................................................................... 4
Big Data Governance Managing the difference ...................................................................... 5
So, what really changes?............................................................................................................ 6
What is really driving all this change? ........................................................................................ 7
How to build a Big Data Governance solution in an agile way? ................................................. 8
AnalytiX Mapping Manager Big Data Edition..................................................................... 8
AnalytiX Big Data Governance Framework ............................................................................. 9
Addressing Big Data needs with AnalytiX Mapping Manager Big Data Edition..................12

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"So once you know what the question actually is, you'll know what the answer means." Deep Thought, The Hitch
Hikers Guide to the Galaxy, Douglas Adams

The need to provide answers quickly

Typically we answer questions based upon data and information that is stored in disparate systems, with completely different access methods and stored in completely different places located inside and outside of the corporate walls. Just how do
you manage the data you need to measure?
These answers are required in order for us to decide on overall corporate direction, make product marketing and
pricing decisions (reviewing customer behavior so that we can time offers to get customers back before our competitors do), commit budget to different projects and to improve planning and performance.
More questions come to mind quickly. Where does the data come from? Was the data vetted? What is the overall quality of this data? Who owns it? Is it documented?
Add to the mix the fact more answers now require data that up until three or four years ago just wasnt even planned as
being part of the corporate data warehousing landscape, what got termed Big Data (social network interaction data, voice,
video, etc.) and now it is so different from everything that came before it, and you now have a major mess in your hands.
You need to integrate this Big Data in your Business Intelligence (BI) and Corporate Performance Management (CPM) solutions, and the pressure to deliver it correctly, cheaply and quickly will still be there.
What was the question again?
Oh, yes. Just how do you actually manage the data you need to measure?

You cant measure what you dont manage

Lets face it, the future of data management is in multi-structured data sets (highly structured, semi-structured and
unstructured data) and extremely flexible data acquisition and integration methods spread across multiple platforms.
In order for you to succeed, you need to examine how Big Data is different from what came before and how it changes
how we manage information how leading companies in many industries use this information to achieve better decisions,
and performance; and how this data will change information governance and management.
While some will say this future means the end highly structured data platforms (such as traditional databases and data
warehouse environments), this is really more about the emergence of a new breed of data management platforms that
have been built to support multi- structured data and a flexible approach to applying schemas and accessing this data
from the ground up.

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AnalytiX Mapping Manager was built from the beginning to accelerate the successful development and deployment
of a successful Business Intelligence solutions, but it can also accelerate the delivery of data (all sorts of data
structured, semi-structured as well as unstructured) into this new breed of data management platform.
The strength of AnalytiX Mapping Manager lies at the heart of its architecture highly adaptive and lean, capable of
quickly aligning the fluid needs of the business with the structure imposed by Information Technology and accelerating
successful Business Intelligence and Analytical solutions.

Aligning the overall architecture with the problem

At the heart of its architecture, AnalytiX Mapping Manager is a complete requirements management solution which
allows analysts to capture data, business and technical requirements and from these requirements, these analysts and
data scientist are able to quickly build an initial architecture model that, coupled with the metadata management
capabilities native to AnalytiX Mapping Manager can bring to bear an awesome arsenal into the Big Data battlefield.
This deluge of data we are calling Big Data is a familiar theme to any IT department today. More and more Big Data
initiatives start every day and most of them start without much of a roadmap or a safety net.
But, when it comes to Big Data initiatives, however, the challenge isnt simply the fact they start without a roadmap or
lack a safety net, or even the growing amount of data, but the variety of data that must be consumed, compiled, governed
and analyzed.
There are many ways to define Big Data, but the consensus is that the typical definition is based in terms of the four Vs of
Big Data:

The Volume of information (usually in the billions of interactions);

The Variety of information (from structured, semi-structured and non-structured data);

The Velocity of information (typically the speed at which data becomes available and can be analyzed); and

The Value of information (which can seldom be determined before the data is acquired, loaded, compiled and
thoroughly analyzed).

While these four Vs may drive organizations to deploy new technologies, techniques and methods to cope with these new
requirements, these initiatives are usually incomplete and incompatible with their existing business intelligence and
analytics infrastructures, seldom taking in consideration the requirements of information governance in Big Data.
Remember: You cant measure - what you dont manage!
Big Data forces organizations to take a different look at how you integrate this data into the existing Business
Intelligence and Analytics landscape. Big Data Governance forces these organizations to rethink how you manage all
this data.
What was the question again?
Oh, yes. Just how do you actually manage the data you need to measure?

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Big Data Governance Managing the difference

Big Data comes into play from the need to take Business Intelligence and Analytics well beyond the great systems of record
(yes, we need this to too!), which are focused on efficiency to a whole new breed of solutions centered around
effectiveness what is now being termed the systems of engagement (the systems that hold the data from all other
corporate systems).
With future solutions clearly evolving from data that comes from highly efficient and well behaved systems to data that
comes from the extended enterprise, on where data is not necessarily so well structured and behaved, forcing the
organization into a more collaborative mode of operation, with its core infrastructure being adapted from the consumer
space.
Is Big Data Governance really that different from traditional data governance initiatives?
While the needs, reasons and benefits of governance remain the same whether you are dealing with Big Data or with small
data, to see and understand what really changes we must go back to the four Vs of Big Data (Volume, Variety, Velocity
and Value) and understand what really changes with Big Data Governance:

Volume. With extremely large data volumes, the need for highly sophisticated tools to assess and profile data
becomes a necessity as traditional approaches of profiling and managing data primarily through observation
becomes unfeasible;

Variety. The different types of data associated with Big Data (video, voice, sensor readings, images, social network
feeds, etc.), definitely require us to look at storing all of this in something other than a traditional relational database
and govern this data according to the types of data we are needing to measure

Velocity. The different latency requirements for intake and consumption, analysis, integration and publication or
promotion of the information make it necessary for the raw data to be available for analysis in real-time, with data
quality and database load schedules pretty much having to take a back seat to pressures of getting to market quickly.

Value. Typically, with Big Data, the Value of information can only be determined once the data can has been acquired,
loaded, compiled and thoroughly analyzed. This goes directly against what we, for so long, held as one of the tenets for
(small) data governance that we would have a significant investment in time and effort, spending a considerable
amount of time designing data models and building out the data integration architecture before the first row of data is
acquired.

So, what really changes?

Just as the navigational, pointer-driven data structures lost out to the current standard, with highly structured, well
behaved data in the relational data model, the current requirements for flexibility of structure and access are moving
Business Intelligence and Analytics solutions to a world on where data will have to be consumed in a very dynamic way.
And that forces changes to the approach with which we govern Big Data.
This approach demanded by Big Data Governance requires you to be flexible and as adaptive as the data you are
consuming, but that doesnt mean you have a get out of jail free card quite the contrary, you have to be just as
diligent as you have always been, you just have to be quicker and more flexible than you have ever been.
Data will continue to grow at staggering rates, and you will need new methods and tools that are capable of dealing with
this unbridled growth. There is growing awareness of the need for data governance, but there is also an even bigger
challenge in defining who owns the data and identifying all the various siloes in which the data is contained. It will now

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become increasingly more important to manage and govern all the siloed data stores both inside and outside of the
enterprise and, more importantly, govern them so it is understandable how new answers to business questions are
being an swerved in this rapidly changing world of Big Data.

Fig 1 AnalytiX Mapping Manager end to end Big Data Governance

Consider the image above which depicts a typical corporate architecture in a BIG Data Governance environment. Each of
the Data Sources (internal & external) need to be managed and the data federation processes which move data between
environments and outside partners must be managed and governed.

What is really driving all this change?

The simple answer would depend on what you do. But, while the needs tend to be different, the driver behind it tends to
converge to the need to analyze data in support of the extended enterprise.
Just as Government has different needs than those found in private industry, organizations in the same industry segment might have needs that are as different and completely divergent form one another but they all point to the
need to evolve and support the extended enterprise and how this need is forcing organizations everywhere to increase their competitiveness or effectiveness or suffer commoditization of the goods and services they provide.

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Businesses and government agencies need to be much more cooperative today than ever before in order to make the
chains of extended enterprise partnerships perform as expected. Supply and delivery chains, social media sites,
customer service and support centers, government agencies and the like all need to tap and manage this
unstructured data from these new sources. While this is a lot more difficult to organize and tag than structured data
from transactional databases, it is not an impossible task.
Recent research indicates this unstructured data to be growing at alarming rates (greater than 65% per year in most cases),
and the places this growth is coming from are not necessarily new, and while most Data Governance Methods, Architectures and Tools focus on the structured data kept in databases of business applications, reality is that up to 90% of the relevant corporate information is contained in semi-structured and unstructured data stores (pdfs, contracts, weblogs, product
manuals, instructional videos, images, spreadsheets and the backbone of the personal archive system: the mail system). And
not all of it is inside the corporate walls anymore.
As users demand even more access to data, mobile devices (notebooks, PDA's, Smartphones, tablets, etc.) now store up to
60% of the typical organizations data, creating a compliance and governance nightmare. Issues range from having a large
number of copies of a single document around stored around in primary, secondary, archive, backup and mobile environments (making it almost impossible to tell what version was the last version is time stamps are not adequate anymore)
to allowing serious privacy and security breaches to occur.

How to build a Big Data Governance solution in an agile way?

The rise in the use of non-traditional data sources and the changes to the way Big Data is being used in solutions to
increase not efficiency, but effectiveness reaffirms the need for Big Data to be managed and governed using a formal data
management discipline within a formal enterprise architecture program, using tools that are specialized, flexible and well
adept to working in a highly fluid environment as the Big Data environment.
On our initial white paper we focused around the use of AnalytiX Mapping Manager as an enabler for the data governance program. Today we will focus on using AnalytiX Mapping Manager as an enabler for an end to end Enterprise Governance solution which addresses all facets of the enterprise, including the need to govern Big Data along with traditional
structured data.
AnalytiX Mapping Manager is much more than what the name implies: a data mapping tool or a mapping management
tool. AnalytiX Mapping Manager is an enterprise-level framework and source to target mapping tool that allows the
management of all metadata related to sources, targets and business rules associated with the data and information
reporting needs of the enterprise as well as a centralized metadata repository capable of improving the speed with which
an organization deploys a Business Intelligence solution as well as a very capable data governance tool. One that allows
any data governance program to define ownership, standards, definitions, processes, policies, security requirements not
only around well behaved, highly structured data, but also around semi-structured and non- structured data commonly
found in what we today term: Big Data.

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AnalytiX Mapping Manager Big Data Edition

What is AnalytiX Mapping Manager Big Data Edition and how can it help deploy a complex governance solution that deals with both Traditional and Big Data Governance problems?
AnalytiX Mapping Manager Big Data Edition integrates well into the Big Data governance strategy of any organization
by extending its already powerful centralized repository to support current leading Big Data technologies and supporting a
very flexible and highly scalable structure to support Big Data constructs.
One of the key benefits of AnalytiX Mapping Manager Big Data Edition is the ability to support the acquisition of unstructured data file definitions without having to create a schema first or acquiring the entire data set first you simply
point over to the right data file, acquire the technical metadata and take in the data you are interested in, evaluate and
make changes to the data requirements. Once you are satisfied with your data set, you can simply acquire your data into
Hadoop and allow the consuming programs to determine and apply structure when necessary. AnalytiX Mapping Manager Big Data Edition will track and document these new structures from a centralized metadata repository which is
available to all consuming applications through a simple Application Program Interface which exposes the central metadata repository.
Using AnalytiX Mapping Manager Big Data Edition you will be able to manage all operational system metadata including the unstructured data stores and silos inside and outside the organization as well as manage the business and transformation rules in order to understand how this data is mapped and analyzed to support the corporate decision making process. AnalytiX Mapping Manager Big Data Edition also features advanced impact analysis and visual data lineage analyzer to analyze how data is federated inside and outside of the organization.

Fig 2 AnalytiX Mapping Manager provides an end to end Enterprise Governance solution

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The need for customization, the Mapping Manager Framework features an open metadata repository for customized
integration and analysis of metadata and data mappings. The framework supports a set of out of the box plug-in modules as well as the ability for customers to create custom in-house application that integrate with the open repository
to further analyze, integrate data or create customized views of the repository data.

AnalytiX Big Data Governance Framework

A strong Data Governance program framework is crucial to the success of any big data initiative and the management of
that data. If the program is implemented early on and uses the right organizational, technical, metadata and business processes, enterprises will be able to realize the promises of big data processing and reduce the risk associated with such a program from a cost and time perspective.
This is just the beginning, in order to succeed in this, businesses need to follow a known path and use the proper tools to
bring order and governance to Big Data. These include addressing security, privacy, consistency, reliability and repeatability from a single tool.

Fig 3 AnalytiX DIAL-M Framework for Big Data Governance

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The highly simplified AnalytiX DIAL-M for Big Data Governance framework model above demonstrates how a team of
architects, analysts, developers and testers can bring a Business Intelligence Solution to market. In order to bring agility to
the Business Intelligence solution, AnalytiX Mapping Manager allows the alignment of business and IT needs, the quick
deployment of solutions that incorporate both traditional small and Big data, at the same time, addressing key enterprise
needs, such as;

Documentation of data, business and technical requirements and automatic generation of a logical data model from
these requirements
Documentation and regulatory compliance (such as Basel, PHI,SPI, Healthcare, SOX, Solvency II etc )of data mappings, aggregations and transformation rules that have to be highly adaptive as requirements change;
Definition, documentation and creation of a central repository of business terms, rules, data elements, KPIs and metrics
Establishment of data and information requirements that span multiple data sources (including non-traditional data
sources), mixed latency and extreme data volumes;
Creation of detailed physical data model for Business Intelligence and Business Analytics Solutions

AnalytiX Mapping Manager Big Data Edition can easily provide, by virtue of its architecture, significant improvement
over traditional methods that use spreadsheets, documents or decoupled metadata management solutions by coordinating and governing all aspects of Big Data Governance.
AnalytiX Mapping Manager Big Data Edition improves efficiency in processes, people and solution deployment not
only in the analysis, design and development phases of integration, but also in downstream work flow management and
regulatory compliance and reporting as we have seen in previous articles.
Typically, all metadata management tools provide some sort of repository and can import and export data definitions
from sources and targets. What they typically lack is a set of well defined processes to accelerate development and deployment and the ability to manage change.
AnalytiX Mapping Manager Big Data Edition bridges the gap between leveraging metadata, and making the data
definition and acquisition processes automated, disciplined and predictable to all data enterprise stakeholders via its web
enabled portal and customized business oriented views. For those customers demanding more flexibility and customization the framework allows for customers to create custom modules which interact directly with the open repository and
plug-in directly to the user interface. An ecosphere of free and third party plug-ins are available to extend the Mapping
Managers out of the box governance framework.

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Fig 4 AnalytiX Custom Application Plug-In Framework

Addressing Big Data needs with AnalytiX Mapping Manager Big Data Edition
If you recall, we started this White Paper by quoting Deep Thought "So once you know what the question
actually is, you'll know what the answer means."
What was the question again?
Oh, yes. Just how do you actually manage the data you need to measure?
First you have to acquire your data, be that big data or small data and bring it into the fold, then you have to
create a governance program which addresses all needs and provides the benefits that align business and IT,
promote the right architecture (both flexible and scalable) and accelerate delivery by reducing the time to market requirements and increasing the quality of the overall solution.
There are varied benefits from using AnalytiX Mapping Manager to accelerate deployment of a Business Intelligence solution, by providing the following:

the ability to run quickly build conceptual, logical and physical data models from captured
requirements,
the ability to create, maintain and consolidate data dictionaries for all enterprise systems, the ability to
quickly map source to target maps (STM) and use these STM documents to automatically generate data
integration processes.

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Fig 5AnalytiX Mapping Manager Data Governance Framework

the ability to quickly analyze data lineage and evaluate impact and thus manage and communicate change
efficiently and effectively. Especially in high regulated industries such as healthcare and finance where
regulatory compliance is required surrounding data and how it is governed.

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