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27MHzReceiver2Channel

27MHz
Receiver
2Channel

Home
Tobuyakit:27MHz Receiver

$10.50plus$4.00post

Thisprojectisthereceiversectionofa2Channel27MHzlink.Ithas4outputsandthese
canbeindividuallycontrolledbypressingbuttonAforashortorlongperiodoftimeandthe
samewithbuttonB.
Butbasicallyisisa2ChannelReceiver.
Seethe27MHztransmitterHERE.

Detectingthe2Channels
Theantennapicksupallthesurroundingfrequenciesbutanexactfrequencyof27MHz
makesthefrontendproduceahigherwaveformthathasafrequencyof27MHz.
Thisfrequencyiscalledthecarrierfrequencyandthetransmitterincreasesanddecreases
theamplitudeattherateof600timespersecondforoneofthe"tones"and1,200timesper
secondfortheothertone.
Asmallamplitude27MHzwaveformisproducedbythefirsttransistoranditincreasesin
amplitudewhenitdetectsa27MHzsignalfromthesurroundingsandthisamplitude
increasesanddecreasesatarateof600timespersecond.
Onlythe600cyclespersecondsignalispassedtotheamplifyingstagesandanynoise
abovethisfrequencyisremovedbythefeedbackcomponents(capacitors)ontwoofthe
stages.Theonlysignalthatappearsattheoutputofthefourthtransistorisa600or1,200
cyclesignal.
Detectingonesignalfromtheotherisnoteasy.Thetwofrequenciesareverycloseand
producingtwocircuitstoseparatethemrequiresmanycomponents.
Thesimplestsolutionistoaddachiptocountthenumberofcyclesinashortperiodof
timeandproducetwoseparateoutputs.
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WehavedonethiswithaPICchipandprovidedtwootherfeaturestodetectalongtone
fromswitchAandalongtonefromswitchB.
Thisproduces4separateoutputs.

THECIRCUIT

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27MHzReceiver2Channel

THE"FRONTEND"
Thesecrettogettingalongrange27MHzlinkisapowerfultransmitterandasensitive
"frontend"onthereceiver.
A27MHztransmitterofonlyafewmilliwatts(10to30mW)willreach100metresproviding
thereceiverhasaverysensitiveFRONTEND.
TheFrontEndisthefirststageofareceiver.
Inourcaseitisaveryweak27MHzoscillatorandthusitisactuallya27MHztransmitter(or
moreaccuratelya27MHzradiator)asitfillsthesurroundingswitha27MHzsignal.
Whenanother27MHzsignalentersthisfielditupsetsthetransmissionofthereceiverand
increasestheamplitudeoftheoscillator.Thishastheeffectofproducingacleanersignal
andthebackgroundnoiseor"hash"isreduced.
Thisisaverycleverwayofmakingthefrontendverysensitiveasittakesalotofenergy
to"excite"anoscillatorthatissittinginadormantcondition.Itisalsoverydifficulttogetan
oscillatortositinaconditionthatisjustbeforethepointofoscillation.Sowecauseitto
oscillateataverylowlevelandanincomingsignalwillincreasetheamplitude.
Thefactthatthetransistorinthefrontendisoscillatingcanalsobereferredtoasa
REGENERATIONcircuitastheoutputofthetransistoratthecollectorisfedbackinto
thecircuitviathe39pbetweenthecollectorandemitter.
Thesignaldeliveredbythe39pispreventedfrombeinglosttothe0vrailbythe50turn
inductor.Thisiscalled"emitterinjection"asthetransistorisconfiguredasacommonbase
amplifierinwhichthebaseisheldfirmbythe22nandthesignalfedintoitviatheemitter.
Theoperationofthecircuitiskeptatalowamplitudeandwhentheantennapicksupa
signalofexactlythesamefrequency,theamplitudeincreases.ThisiscalledSUPER
REGENERATIONorincreaseoftheregeneration.
Itisaverysimplewayofgettinganenormousresultfromveryfewcomponents.Normally
youwouldrequire2ormorestagesofamplificationtoproducethesameresult.
TheonlyproblemwithaSUPERREGENERATIVEcircuitisthebackgroundnoiseit
produces.Butsincethisprojectisdeignedonlytoactivateaload,thisbackground"hash"
isnotaproblem.Nearlyallthebackgroundnoiseisremovedbythefeedbackcapacitorson
eachstage.
Acapacitorplacedbetweenthecollectorandbaseofatransistorhasanenormouseffect
onreducingthehighfrequencies.
That'swhyasmallcapacitorsuchas2n2canbeused.Thegainofthetransistor(about70)
multipliestheeffectiveresistance(impedance)ofthecapacitorbyabout70andthe
backgroundnoiseisremovedbecauseitmostlyconsistsofhighfrequencies.
Butthereisstillalotofskilltogetthefrontendtooscillateverylightly,whilebeing
sensitivetosignalscomingfromtheantenna.
Ahighvalueresistorinthecollectoronlyallowsasmallcurrenttoflowandifthesupply
voltageishigh,thisproducesacircuitthatwilloscillatewithasmallwaveformandcanbe
easily"upset"or"modified"byaninjectionatthehighestpointofoscillation.Ifthisinjection
istimedaccurately,itwillincreasetheamplitudeofoscillationandthehighvoltagesupply
willallowthistooccur.
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Theoutputofthefrontendistakenfromthecollectorofthetransistorbutnotdirectlyfrom
thecollectorasthiswouldloadthecircuitandstopitoscillating.Thetopoftheoscillator
coilwillhaveasmallpercentageofthewaveformandwecanthenamplifyitviathree
stagesofamplification.Theimportantthingiswecanonlypickoffaverysmallpercentage
oftheenergysothefrontendkeepsoscillating.
Thesignalappearingatthe"pickoff"pointconsistsof:
1.27MHzcalledthe"carrierfrequency,"
2.alotofnoiseand"hash"producedbythecircuitandalsofromtheantennapickingup
backgroundnoisefromthesurroundingsand
3.atonefromthetransmitter.
Thetoneisabout1kHzanditsfrequencyisenormouslydifferentto27MHzsoasimple
PASSFILTERcanbeusedtoremovethe27MHzandonlyallowthetoneandnoisetopass
tothenextstage.
Thecomponentthatdoesthisisthe22nacrossthe4k7inthesupplyline.
Thiscapacitoreffectivelypasses(shuntsremoves)the27MHztothepositiverailwhereit
ispassedtothe0vrailviathe47uelectrolytic.
WeonlywanttoVERYLIGHTLYloadthefrontsothatwedon'tstopthecircuitoscillating.
Wedothisbyusingaresistorandcapacitorinseries.
Ifwejustuseacapacitor,the"resistance"ofthecapacitorwillbequitesmallatsomeof
thefrequenciesofthe"hash"anditwillloadthecircuitandreducetheamplitudewhena
signalisbeingreceived.
ThecombinationoftheresistorandcapacitorinseriesreducestheLOADINGeffect.
Wenowhaveaverysmallsignalthatcanbeamplifiedbythefollowingstages.
Thesecondtransistoramplifiesthissignalandremovesalotofhighfrequencies(hash)via
the2n2feedbackcapacitor.
Thethirdtransistordoesexactlythesameandwefinishupwithasignalthatisalmost
equaltorailvoltagefromthefourthtransistor.
WeneedaveryhighamplitudesignalforthePIC12F629microcontroller.That'swhythereis
threestagesofamplification.
Themicrocontrollercountsthenumberofwavesin100mSanddeterminesifthetoneis
frombuttonAorB.
Italsocountsinincrementsof100mSandifthesignalispresentfor5x100mS,itis
countedasalongpulse.

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27MHzReceiver2Channel

CONSTRUCTION
AkitofcomponentsisavailablefromTalking Electronics.
Allthecomponentsareincludedinthekitandeverythingisidentifiedontheboard.

27MHzReceiverPCBlayout
Themostcriticalpartofconstructionisthetunedcircuitforantennapoint2.
Thecoilsuppliedinthekitisthecorrectdimensionsfora27MHztransmitter.
Thisisverycriticalandthecoilmustnotbestretchedorsquashedasthetunedcircuitwill
notproduceapeakamplitudefor27MHz.

Hereisacloseupofthetinnedcopperwireholdingthecellinplace.Usefinetinnedcopper
wireandmakesurethewiresdonotcreateashortcircuit.

27MHz Receiver-2Ch
PARTS LIST
$10.50plus$4.00post
Order a kit
1220Rresistor
4470Rresistors
11kresistor
11k5resistor
34k7resistors
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110kresistor
147kresistor
2470kresistors
11Mresistor
11Mwith1metre0.095mmwirefor
inductor
1530pairtrimmer
239pceramics
32n2ceramics
522nceramics
1100nmonoblock
2100nsurfacemount
147uelectrolytic
11N4148diode
4BC338transistors
4BC547transistors
113turncoil
1PIC12F629microwith2ChRx
178L05ACM5vregulatorIC
110cm0.5mmwireforantenna
20cmveryfinesolder

127MHzRx2ChPCB

MORETESTEQUIPMENT
TalkingElectronicshasanumberofpiecesofTESTEQUIPMENTtohelpinthedesignand
testingofprojects.
Ofcourseyoucanuseamultimeterformostofthetestingbutsomeofthe"tricky"faults
needaspecialpieceofequipment.
YoumayonlyneedaLOGICPROBEonceamonth,buttheprojectyouaredesigningwill
cometoastandstillifyoucan'tlocateaproblem.
Wedesignedalltheseprojectsbecauseweneededthemourselves.
AddoneofthemtoeachorderyouplacewithTalkingElectronicsandeventuallyyouwill
havethewholerange.

LEDTESTER
TestsLEDs.

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27MHzReceiver2Channel

$1.50plus$4.00post
(buyanumberofkitsandpay
onlyonepostage)

CONTINUITYTESTER
Onlyrespondstoresistanceless
than50ohms.
Idealfordigitalprojectsasittests
connectionsveryquickly.
$12.50plus$6.50post
(buyanumberofkitsandpay
onlyonepostage)

LOGICPROBEwith
PULSERslimline
DetectsHIGHandLOWsignalson
bothTTLandCMOScircuits.
Thepiezoallowsyoutohearlow
frequencysignalsandthesignal
injector(Pulser)willoverrideclock
signalstomakeacircuitoperateat
areducedfrequency.
$8.00plus$6.50post

SUPERPROBE
20differentfunctions.
Seearticleforthecompletelistof
functions.
$18.00plus$6.50post

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27MHzReceiver2Channel

COMBO2TRANSISTOR
TESTER
Teststransistorsandshowsthe
gainofthetransistor.
AlsohasSignalInjectorprobe.
$21.50plus$6.50post

SimpleTransistorandLED
Tester3
TestsPNPandNPNtransistors
andLEDs.
Alsoteachestheamazingproperty
ofanaircoredcoilinproducinga
highflybackvoltage.
$4.00plus$3.00postage.
(buyanumberofkitsandpay
onlyonepostage)

MAINSTRACER
Detects240vACmainshiddenin
wallsetc.
WillalsopickupRFsignalsfroma
keyboardtoshowyouwhere
ElectromagneticRadiationis
comingfromandgivingyoua
headache.
$10.00plus$4.50post

CABLETRACER100MHz
Tracescableswhenthepoweris
OFF.
UsesanFMradiotopickupbeeps.
$10.00plus$4.50postage.
(buyanumberofkitsandpay
onlyonepostage)

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27MHzReceiver2Channel

OPAMPTRAINERand
TESTER
Teacheshowanopampworksby
usingpotstocontrolthevoltages
onthetwoinputs.
$24.50plus$6.50post
(comeswithinstructions)

PICFx1MICRO(8pin)
PROGRAMDEVELOPER
andTESTER
LearntoprogramPICchips.
Comeswithapreprogrammed
PIC12F629chipwith3routines.
$12.00plus$6.50post

modelrailwayPOINTMOTOR

CONTROLLERand
TESTERCDUInline
ThecheapestCDUprojectyoucan
get.
$8.50plus$6.50post

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27MHzReceiver2Channel

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