Methylene Chloride-Free and Optionally Methanol-Free Paint Stripper and

METHYLENE CHLORIDE-FREE AND OPTIONALLY METHANOL-FREE
PAINT STRIPPER AND/OR GASKET REMOVER COMPOSITIONS

WIPO Patent Application WO/2002/018525
Kind Code:
A1
Abstract:
The present invention is directed to methylene chloride-free, and optionally methanol-free, paint
stripper and gasket remover formulations as alternatives to methylene chloride-based paint
strippers and gasket removers.
Inventors:
Burdzy, Matthew P. (63 Trumbull Lane South Windsor, CT, 06074, US)
Shank, Gary K. (13 Franklin Avenue Methuen, MA, 01844, US)
Application Number:
PCT/US2001/027017
Publication Date:
03/07/2002
Filing Date:
08/30/2001
Export Citation:
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Assignee:
HENKEL LOCTITE CORPORATION (Patent Department 1001 TRout Brook Crossing Rocky
HilL, CT, 06067, US)
Burdzy, Matthew P. (63 Trumbull Lane South Windsor, CT, 06074, US)
Shank, Gary K. (13 Franklin Avenue Methuen, MA, 01844, US)
International Classes:
C09D9/00; C11D3/12; C11D3/16; C11D3/20; C11D3/22; C11D3/24; C11D3/43; C11D7/26; C11D
7/32; C11D7/50; C11D17/00; C11D7/28; (IPC1-7): C11D3/24
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Foreign References:
6022842
5665173
2000-02-08
1997-09-09
Attorney, Agent or Firm:

Bauman, Steven C. (1001 Trout Brook Crossing Rocky Hill, CT, 06067, US)
Claims:
What Is Claimed Is:

1. A methylene chloridefree, single phase, paint stripping and gasket removing composition,
comprising: a. a halogened hydrocarbon liquid, having more than one carbon atom; b. a polar
oxygenated organic liquid; and c. a hydrogen bondable thickener, wherein the polar oxygenated
organic liquid and hydrogen bondable thickener are present in sufficent amounts to render the
composition in a single phase and to synergistically increase the viscosity of the composition
beyond the viscosity of a composition, without either of the polar oxygenated organic liquid or the
hydrogen bondable thickener in substantially similar amounts.
2. The composition according to Claim 1, wherein the halogenated hydrocarbon liquid is a
member selected from the group consisting of npropyl bromide, 1 chloro2methylbenzene,
1chloro4methylbenzene, 1chloro 4 (trifluoromethyl)benzene, 1, 2dichloro4
(trifluoromethyl)benzene, and combinations thereof.
3. The composition according to Claim 1, wherein the halogenated hydrocarbon liquid is npropyl
bromide.
4. The composition according to Claim 1, wherein the halogenated hydrocarbon liquid is present
in an amount within the range of about 40 to about 90 percent by weight.
5. The composition according to Claim 1, wherein the halogenated hydrocarbon liquid is present
in an amount within the range of about desirably 60 to about 75 percent by weight.
6. The composition according to Claim 1, wherein the polar oxygenated organic liquid is a
member selected from the group consisting of hydroxylated alkanols, hydroxylated alkenols,
hydroylated cycloalkanols, hydroxylated cycloalkenols, ethers, ketones, esters and combinations
thereof.
hydroxylated alkanol selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanols,
butanols, pentanols, hexanols, heptanols, ethylene glycols, propylene glycols, butylene glycols,
glycerol, and combinations thereof.
hydroxylated alkenol selected from the group consisting of propenols, butenols, pentenols,
hexenols, heptenols and combinations thereof.
hydroxylated cycloalkanol selected from the group consisting of cyclopentanols, cyclohexanols,
cycloheptanols and combinations thereof.

hydroxylated cycloalkenol selected from the group consisting of cyclopentenols, cyclohexenols,
cycloheptenols and combinations thereof.
11. The composition according to Claim 1, wherein the polar oxygenated organic liquid is an
ether selected from the group consisting of dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, and combinations
thereof.
ketone selected from the group consisting of acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and combinations
thereof.
13. The composition according to Claim 1, wherein the polar oxygenated organic liquid is an
ester selected from the group consisting of elkyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and
combinations thereof.
14. The composition according to Claim 1, wherein the polar oxygenated organic liquid is present
in an amount within the range of about 0.1 to about 20 weight percent.
15. The composition according to Claim 1, wherein the polar oxygenated organic liquid is present
in an amount within the range of about 1 to about 10 percent by weight.
16. The composition according to Claim 1, wherein the hydrogen bondable thickener is a
member selected from the group consisting of alkylated celluloses, alkylated silicas and
17. The composition according to Claim 1, wherein the hydrogen bondable thickener is hydroxyl
propyl methyl cellulose.
18. The composition according to Claim 1, wherein the hydrogen bondable thickener is present in
an amount within the range of about 0.01 to about 20 percent by weight.
19. The composition according to Claim 1, further comprising a parrafin wax.
20. The composition according to Claim 1, further comprising a surfactant.
21. A methylene chloridefree, single phase, paint stripping and gasket removing composition,
comprising: a. npropyl bromide, in an amount within the range of from about 40 to about 90
percent by weight; b. a polar oxygenated organic liquid selected from the group consisting of
methanol, ethanol, and combinations thereof, in an amount within the range of from about 0.01 to
about 20 percent by weight; and c. a hydrogen bondable thickener, wherein the hydrogen
bondable thickener is an alkylated cellulose, in an amount within the range of from about 0.01 to
about 20 percent by weight.
22. A method of preparing a composition according to any one of Claims 1 or 21, providing
components (a) to (c) in a suitable amount and mixing for a time sufficient to form a singlephase
paint stripper and gasket remover composition.
23. A method of stripping paint or a gasket with a composition according to any one of Claims 1
or 21, comprising the steps of: a. dispensing the composition onto a paintor gasketcovered part;
b. allowing the composition to remain in contact with the covered part for a time sufficient to allow
the paint or gasket to swell; and c. removing at least a portion of the swelled paint or gasket from
the part.
24. The composition according to any one of Claims 1 or 21, in an aerosol form, further
comprising a propellant.
Description:
METHYLENE CHLORIDE-FREE AND OPTIONALLY METHANOL-FREE PAINT STRIPPER
AND/OR GASKET REMOVER COMPOSITIONS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of
the Invention The present invention is directed to methylene chloride-free, and optionally
methanol-free, paint stripper and gasket remover formulations, as alternatives
to methylene chloride-based paint strippers and gasket removers.
Brief Description of Related Technology Methylene chloride has been the paint stripper and
gasket remover of choice in industry for many years because it removes paints, coatings, and
gaskets quickly, and works well on a variety of substrates, including wood and metal. The largest
use for methylene chloride in the
United States is paint stripping and gasket removal with about 40% of the 360 million pounds
sold in the United States in 1994 being for this application. 1 Paint stripping and gasket remover
products are widely used by maintenance workers at industrial complexes, aircraft painters,
furniture makers, and homeowners. Other major uses for methylene chloride include metal
cleaning and finishing in electronics manufacturing, and as a process solvent in the
pharmaceutical and film coatings industries. Despite the versatility of methylene chloride in a
variety of applications, some industry experts believe that the use of methylene chloride in paint
stripper and gasket remover products will be curtailed by government regulations due to concern
over its toxicity in humans. The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency currently
classifiesmethylene chloride as a Group B2 probable human carcinogen of low carcinogenic

hazard.
Accordingly, it would be desirable to replace methylene chloride in such products with a chemical
having comparable abilities, while having a less extreme EPA classification.
Other halogenated solvents are known for use in paint stripping and/or gasket removing
compositions. For instance, brominated solvents are known, such as n-propyl bromide. n-Propyl
bromide is oftentimes recommended as a paint stripper or gasket remover as a cold cleaning
solvent or in immersion applications. Another known halogenated solvent is benzotrifluoride (also
known as 1- Ap ://pubs. acs. org/hotartcl/cenear/950925/pgl. html, August 4,2000, p.
11.
2 Internet site: http://www. epa. gov/ttnuatwl/hlthef/methvlen. html, August 3,2000, p.
1.
chloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) benzene). See U. S. Patent No.
5,756,002.
A number of obstacles exist to the successful commercial development of a paint stripper and or
gasket remover composition, even one containing a halogenated solvent other than the one
carbon variety, such as methylene chloride (or chloroform or carbon tetrachloride). For instance,
while a large container of n-propyl bromide might be handy in industrial, large scale operations
where the parts to be stripped of paint or from which one or more gaskets to be removed are of
significant size, in many instances it is not convenient to perform a dipping operation. Rather,
many end users would prefer to be able to apply such a composition directly on the part and
remove the unwanted paint or gasket shortly thereafter. However, halogenated solvents, such as
n-propyl bromide, themselves are very often low viscosity and thus tend to either run off the part
or evaporate quickly after application. This results in incomplete cleaning after one application or
the necessity of many repeat applications, with much waste of material and time.
While thickeners may be used to enhance the viscosity of the halogenated solvent, which will
improve the run off problem, most conventional thickeners, such as silicas, clays and the like,
themselves do not have the proper film forming properties to allow the development of a wet film
of the halogenated solvent. In addition, the addition of a thickener will likely create a two part
system, requiring agitating mixing prior to application.
There therefore exists a need for formulations for stripping, removing and cleaning parts that are
free of methylene chloride, and optionally methanol as well, and provide comparable
performance abilities to formulations based on that halogenated solvent.
A methylene chloride-free, single phase, paint stripping and gasket removing composition,
comprising a halogened hydrocarbon liquid, having more than one carbon atom; a polar
oxygenated organic liquid; and a hydrogen bondable thickener, wherein the polar oxygenated
organic liquid and hydrogen bondable thickener are present in sufficent amounts to render the
composition in a single phase and to synergistically increase the viscosity of the composition
beyond the viscosity of a composition, without either of the polar oxygenated organic liquid or the
hydrogen bondable thickener in substantially similar amounts.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This invention provides formulations for paint stripper and
gasket remover products that are based on solvents other than methylene chloride or any other
solvent classified as a possible human carcinogen, and are effective alternatives
tomethylene chloride-based formulations for paint stripping and gasket removal.
The inventive compositions may be applied to the surface of a part in a controlled manner, and
because of the rhelogical properties of the composition, will remain on the part for a time
sufficient to allow the paint to be stripped or gasket to be removed to swell and thereafter be
stripped or removed from the surface of the part. The swelling of the paint or gasket indicates
that
the composition has penetrated and/or dissolved to some degree the paint or gasket.
The alternative solvents used in this invention are halogenated. These solvents include
brominated solvents such as n-propyl bromide (also known as 1- bromopropane), chlorinated
solvents such as a mixture of 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene and 1-chloro-4-methylbenzene (also
known as chlorotoluenes), and chlorinated/fluorinated solvents such as 1-chloro-4(trifluoromethyl) benzene (also known as p- chlorobenzotrifluoride) and 1, 2-dichloro-4(trifluoromethyl) benzene (also known as dichlorobenzotrifluoride). This invention offers many
advantages including that since none of the solvents employed in the formulations described
herein are classified as potential human carcinogens, these formulations are effective
alternatives to methylene chloride-based formulations or other formulations containing human
carcinogens or possible human carcinogens for removing a range of paints, coatings, and
gaskets quickly and efficiently.
In another aspect of the invention, compositions which include such alternative solvents are
optionally also prepared with polar oxygenated organic compounds, other than methanol, to
which many countries are seeking to limit user exposure. In addition to such polar oxygenated
organic compounds other than methanol are included alcohols (other than methanol), diols,
polyols, ethers, ketones, esters and the like.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 depicts chemical structures of alternative
solvents used in paint and gasket remover formulations within the present invention.
Figure 2 depicts a comparison of n-propyl bromide formulation (Sample A) with formulations

within the present invention as regards specimen weights, initial and final measurements
(grams).
Figure 3 depicts a comparison of 1-chloro-2- methylbenzene/1-chloro-4-methylbenzene (mixture)
formulation (Sample B) with typical alternative formulations with the present invention as regards
specimen weights, initial and final measurements (grams).
Figure 4 depicts a comparison of 1-chloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) benzene formulation (Sample C)
with typical alternative formulations with the present invention as regards specimen weights,
initial and final measurements (grams).
Figure 5 depicts a comparison of 1,2-dichloro- 4- (trifluoromethyl) benzene formulation (Sample
D) with typical alternative formulations in accordance with the present invention as regards
specimen weights, initial and final measurements (grams).
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a single phase,
paint stripper and gasket remover composition, which is free of methylene chloride. The
composition in its broad form provides a halogenated hydrocarbon liquid, such as brominated or
chlorinated hydrocarbon liquids, other than chlorinated one carbon compounds; a polar
oxygenated organic liquid; and a hydrogen bondable thickener. The
polar oxygenated organic liquid and hydrogen bondable thickener are present in sufficent
amounts to render the composition in a single phase and to synergistically increase the viscosity
of the composition beyond the viscosity of a composition without either of the polar oxygenated
organic liquid or the hydrogen bondable thickener in substantially similar amounts.
The inventive compositions are based on halogenated hydrocarbon liquids, such as brominated
or chlorinated hydrocarbon liquids, other than chlorinated one carbon compounds, such
as methylene chloride, chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride, which are each classified by the U. S.
EPA as a human carcinogen. These halogenated hydrocarbon liquids include brominated
solvents such as n-propyl bromide (also known as 1- bromopropane), chlorinated solvents such
as a mixture of 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene and 1-chloro-4-methylbenzene3 (also known as
chlorotoluenes), and chlorinated/fluorinated solvents such as 1-chloro-4- (trifluoromethyl)benzene4 (also known as p- chlorobenzotrifluoride) and 1, 2-dichloro-4- (trifluoromethyl)benzene5 (also known as dichlorobenzotrifluoride). The chemical structures of these solvents are
shown in Figure 1.
The halogenated hydrocarbon liquid should be present in an amount within the range of about 40
to about 90, such as about 50 to about 80, desirably about 3 Tradename : OXSOL 10 which is a
mixture of 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene (40-99 weight percent), CAS No. 95-49-8, and 1-chloro-4methylbenzene (1-60 weight percent), CAS No. 106-43-4, manufactured by Occidental Chemical
Corporation, Dallas, TX.
4 Tradename : OXSOL 100 5 Tradename : OXSOL 1000

60 to about 75 percent by weight of the inventive composition.
Prior to this invention, commercially available methylene chloride-free paint stripper and gasket
remover formulations were based on alternative solvents that are generally not halogenated (e.
g., xylenes, toluene, acetone, butyrolactone, d-limonene, benzyl alcohol, N- methyl pyrrolidone,
N, N-dimethylformamide, cyclohexanol, and the like) or that contain only small amounts of
halogenated solvents. One advantage of using the halogenated organic solvents rather than the
non- carcinogenic, non-halogenated hydrocarbon liquids described above is that the former
appear to be more effective at swelling and removing a wide range of gasket materials.
Brominated or chlorinated hydrocarbon liquids tend to be more aggressive than non-halogenated
organic solvents because of a highly polarized carbon-halogen bond.
The polar oxygenated organic liquid may be selected from a variety of materials, including
hydroxylated alkanols, hydroxylated alkenols, hydroylated cycloalkanols, hydroxylated
cycloalkenols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, esters and combinations thereof.
These materials are capable of acting as hydrogen donors with a hydrogen acceptor. In the
inventive compositions, the hydrogen acceptor may be the hydrogen bondable thickener. In
these donor-acceptor pairs, while not intending to be bound by theory, hydrogen bonding is
believed to occur which synergistically improves the thickening ability of either component alone
in substantially similar amounts.
More specific examples of the hydroxylated alkanols include the alcohols, methanol, ethanol,
propanols, butanols, pentanols, hexanols, heptanols, and the like, the glycols, ethylene glycols,
propylene glycols, butylene glycols, and the like, and the triol, glycerol. Of course, combinations
of these hydroxylated alkanols may be used as well.
More specific examples of the hydroxylated alkenols include propenols, butenols, pentenols,
hexenols, heptenols and combinations thereof.
More specific examples of the hydroxylated cycloalkanols include cyclopentanols, cyclohexanols,
cycloheptanols and combinations thereof.
More specific examples of the hydroxylated cycloalkenols include cyclopentenols, cyclohexenols,
cycloheptenols and combinations thereof.
More specific examples of the ethers include dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran and
More specific examples of the aldehydes include acetaldehyde, propyl aldehyde, and
More specific examples of the ketones include acetone, methylethyl ketone, cyclohexanone and
More specific examples of the esters include ethyl formate, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, and
The polar oxygenated organic liquid should be present in an amount within the range of about
0.01 to about 20, such as about 0.5 to about 15, desirably about 1 to about 10 percent by weight
of the inventive composition.
The hydrogen bondable thickener may be chosen from a host of materials, such as alkylated
celluloses, like methyl cellulose, hyroxy propyl methyl cellulose and combinations thereof. A
commercially available example of these materials includes METHOCEL 311, from Dow
Chemical. Another appropriate choice for the hydrogen bondable thickener is alkylated silicas.
The hydrogen bondable thickener should be present in an amount within the range of about 0.01
to about 20, such as about 0.05 to about 10, desirably about 0. 2 to about 0. 5 percent by weight
of the inventive composition.
The compositions may also include a surfactant, particularly where the components would
benefit from the surfactant to maintain a single phase, and/or a paraffin wax, such as the
commercially available PARVAN 131.
The invention is also directed to a method of preparing the inventive compositions. The method
includes the provision of the respective components and mixing them together for a sufficient
amount of time to form a single phase composition.
The invention is further directed to a method of removing a gasket or paint with the inventive
compositions. The method includes the provision of a gasketed or a painted part (which for the
purposes of this application shall also include coatings, such as lacquer, varnish, enamel and the
like), dispensing the inventive composition on and/or about the gasketed or painted part, and
allowing the inventive composition to swell the gasket and paint to permit facile removal thereof.
The invention is yet further directed to the inventive composition in an aerosol form, in which the
composition further includes a propellant. In this regard, the present invention also contemplates
articles of manufacture which include a container for packaging the inventive composition ; the
inventive composition disposed therewithin together with a propellant. The propellant should be
chosen so that it is soluble or otherwise compatible with the overall composition such that it can
be dispensed in a single phase, thereby avoiding separation of the propellant from the other
components in the container during storage. Suitable propellants for use in the present invention
include, without limitation, carbon dioxide, isobutane, dimethylether, 1, 1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane
and combinations thereof. When present, the propellant should be used in amounts sufficient to
facilitate delivery of the composition from an aerosol container. For example, the propellant may
be used in amounts of about 1 to about 50 percent by weight, desirably in an amount of about 25

to about 35 percent by weight of the inventive composition.
The present invention will be further illustrated by reference to the following non-limiting
examples.
EXAMPLES The formulations set forth in Tables 1-4 are based on the solvents shown in Figure
1, and are examples of effective methylenechloride-free formulations for paint and gasket
removers. Tables 5-8 show commercially available gasket remover formulations based
onmethylene
chloride, xylenes and acetone, and N-methyl pyrrolidone, and a formulation based on
cyclohexanol, respectively.
Table 1 Methylene Chloride-Free Paint and Gasket Remover Formulation Based on n-Propyl
Bromide as the Primary Solvent (Sample A) Component Quantity (grams) Order of Addition*
Weight Percentage n-Propyl Bromide 121. 3 1 87. 3 Methanol 12.1 2 8. 7 Hydroxy Propyl 0. 5
MethylCellulose PARVAN 131 1.4 4 1 Mineral Spirits 2. 8 Total138. 3--100
*Notes : The mixture was thoroughly agitated after the addition of each component.
Table 2 Methylene Chloride-Free Paint and Gasket Remover Formulation Based on a Mixture of
1-Chloro-2-Methylbenzene and 1-Chloro-4-Methylbenzene as the Primary Solvents (Sample B)
Component Quantity (grams) Order of Addition* Weight Percentage Mixture of 1-Chloro- 2Methylbenzeneand 111. 2 1 80. 0 1-Chloro-4- Methylbenzene Methanol 11. 1 2 8. 0 Acetone 11.1
3 8. 0 HydroxyPropyl 0. 5 4 0. 36 Methyl Cellulose PARVAN 131 1. 4 5 MineralSpirits 2. 8 6 2
Total 138.1 -- #100 *Note : The mixture was thoroughly agitated after the addition of each
component.
Table 3 Methylene Chloride-Free Paint and Gasket Remover Formulation Based on 1-Chloro-4(Trifluoromethyl)-benzene as the Primary Solvent (Sample C) Component Quantity (grams)
Order of Addition* Weight Percentage 1-Chloro-4- (Trifluoromethyl)-108. 4 1 76.4 benzene
Methanol 10.8 2 7.6 Acetone 10.8 3 7. 6 Hydroxy Propyl MethylCellulose PARVAN 131 2.25 5 1.
6 Mineral Spirits 4.5 6 3. 3 Total 137. 55--100
*Note: The mixture was thoroughly agitated after the addition of each component.
Table 4 Methylene Chloride-Free Paint and Gasket Remover Formulation Based on 1, 2Dichloro-4- (Trifluoromethyl)-benzene as the Primary Solvent (Sample D) Component Quantity
(grams) Order of Addition* Weight Percentage 1,2-Dichloro-4- (Trifluoromethyl)-108. 4 1 76.4
benzene Methanol 10.8 2 7. 6 Acetone 10. 8 7. 6 Hydroxy Propyl 0.8 4 0.58 Methyl Cellulose
PARVAN 131 2.25 5 1.6 MineralSpirits 4. 5 3. 3 Total 137.55--100
*Note: The mixture was thoroughly agitated after the addition of each component.
Table 5 Commercially Available Methylene Chloride-Based Paint and Gasket Remover

Formulation (Sample E) Component Quantity (grams) Order of Addition* Weight
Percentage Methylene Chloride 122. 5 1 88.1 Methanol 12. 2 2 8. 8 Proprietary 4. 3 3 3. 1
Ingredients Total 139--100 *Note : lhe mixture was thoroughly agitated after the addition of each
component.
* Proprietary ingredients include a thickener, refined paraffin wax, and a possible surfactant.
Table 6 Commercially Available Xylenes and Acetone-Based Paint and Gasket Remover
Formulation (Sample F) Component Quantity (grams) Order of Addition* Weight Percentage
Xylenes 62.7 1 45.1 Acetone 63. 1 2 45. 4 Methanol 6. 8 3 4. 9 Proprietary 6. 4 4. 6 Ingredients
Total 139-100 *Note: The mixture was thoroughly agitated after the addition of each component.
Table 7 Commercially Available N-Methyl Pyrrolidone-Based Paint and Gasket Remover
Formulation (Sample G) Component Quantity (grams) Order of Addition* Weight Percentage NMethyl Pyrrolidone 122. 5 1 88.1 Methanol 12. 2 2 8. 8 Proprietary Ingredients Total 139--100
*Note : The mixture was thoroughly agitated after the addition of each component.
Table 8 Cyclohexanol-Based Paint and Gasket Remover Formulation (Sample H) Component
Quantity (grams) Order of Addition* Weight Percentage Cyclohexanol 122. 5 1 88. 1 Methanol
12. 2 2 8. 8 Hydroxy Propyl 0. 38 0. 27 Methyl Cellulose PARVAN 131 1.08 4 0.78 Mineral Spirits
2. 15 5 1. 55 Total 138.31 -- #100 *Note: The mixture was thoroughly agitated after the addition
of each component.
In Table 9-16, the formulations of Tables 1-8 are set forth again, though in an aerosol form--that
is, a propellant has been added and the formulation packaged in an aerosol can.
Table 9 Methylene Chloride-Free Paint and Gasket Remover Formulation in Aerosol Form Based
on n-Propyl Bromide as the Primary Solvent (Sample A) Component Quantity (grams) Order of
Addition* Weight Percentage n-Propyl Bromide 138.7 1 61.1 Methanol 13. 8 2 6. 1 Hydroxy
Propyl 0.57 3 0.25 MethylCellulose PARVAN131 1. 6 4 0. 7 MineralSpirits 2.74 5 1.2 Propellant
68. 1 6 30. 0 Total 225. 5--100 *Note: The mixture was thoroughly agitated after the addition of
each component.
Table 10 Methylene Chloride-Free Paint and Gasket Remover Formulation in Aerosol Form
Based on a Mixture of 1-Cliloro-2-Metliylbenzene and 1-Chloro-4-Methylbenzene as the Primary
Solvents (Sample B) Component Quantity (grams) Order of Addition* Weight Percentage Mixture
of l-Chloro-. 2-Methylbenzene and 127. 1 1 56. 0 1-Chloro-4- Methylbenzene Methanol 12.7 2
5.6 Acetone 12. 7 3 5. 6 Hydroxy Propyl 0.57 4 0.25 Methyl Cellulose PARIAN 131 1. 6 0. 7
MineralSpirits 2. 74 6 1. 2 Propellant 68.1 7 30.0 Total 225.5 -- #100 *Note: The mixture was
thoroughly agitated after the addition of each component.
Based on 1-Chloro-4- (Trifluoromethyl)-benzene as the Primary Solvent (Sample C) Component
Quantity (grams) Order of Addition* Weight Percentage 1-Chloro-4- (Trifluoromethyl)-124. 0 1 54.
6 benzene Methanol 12. 3 5. 4 Acetone 12. 3 5. 4 Hydroxy Propyl MethylCellulose PARVAN 131
2.58 5 1. 14 Mineral Spirits 5. 15 2. 28 Propellant 68.1 5 30. 0 Total 225J4--100 *Note: The
mixture was thoroughly agitated after the addition of each component.
Based on 1, 2-Chloro-4- (Trifluoromethyl)-benzene as the Primary Solvent (Sample D)
Component Quantity (grams) Order of Addition* Weight Percentage 1,2-Chloro-4(Trifluoromethyl)-124. 0 1 54.6 benzene Methanol 12. 3 2 5. 4 Acetone 12. 3 5 4 Hydroxy Propyl
MethylCellulose PARVAN 131 2. 58 5 1. 14 Mineral Spirits 5.15 5 2. 28 Propellant 68. 1 5 30.0
Total 225. 34 -- #100 *Note: The mixture was thoroughly agitated after the addition of each
component.
Table 13 Commercially Available Methylene Chloride-Based Paint and Gasket Remover
Formulation in Aerosol Form (Sample E) Component Quantity (grams) Order of Addition* Weight
Percentage Methylene Chloride 140.0 1 61.7 Methanol 14.1 2 6. 2 Proprietary Ingredients
Propellant 68. 1 4 30 Total 227 -- 100 *Note : The mixture was thoroughly agitated after the
addition of each component.
Table 14 Commercially Available Xylenes and Acetone-Based Paint and Gasket Remover
Formulation in Aerosol Form (Sample F) Component Quantity (grams) Order of Addition* Weight
Percentage Xylenes 71.7 1 31. 6 Acetone 72. 2 31. 8 Methanol 7. 7 3 3. 4 Proprietary
Ingredients* Propellant 68.1 5 30 Total 227 -- 100 *Note : The mixture was thoroughly agitated
after the addition of each component.
Table 15 Commercially Available N-Methyl Pyrrolidone-Based Paint and Gasket Remover
Formulation in Aerosol Form (Formulation Sample G) Component Quantity (grams) Order of
Addition* Weight Percentage N-Methyl Pyrrolidone 140. 0 1 61. 7 Methanol 14. 1 2 6.2
Proprietary 4.8 3 2.1 Ingredients* Propellant 68. 1 1 4 30 1 Total 227 -- 100 *Note: The mixture
was thoroughly agitated after the addition of each component.
Table 16 Cyclohexanol-Based Paint and Gasket Remover Formulation in Aerosol Form (Sample
H) Component Quantity (grams) Order of Addition* Weight Percentage Cyclohexanol 140.0 1
61.7 Methanol 14. 1 2 6. 2 Hydroxy Propyl 0. 43 3 0. 19 MethylCellulose PARVIN 131 1. 2 4 0.
53 Mineral Spirits 2. 4 1. 06 Propellant 68.1 6 30 Total 226.2 -- 100 *Note: The mixture was
thoroughly agitated after the addition of each component.
In Tables 17-23, in addition to replacing methylene chloride with n-propyl bromide, n-propyl
bromide was used together with hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose as a first control (Sample I), and
with hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose and methanol as a second control (Sample J) in comparison
with replacement alcohols, as set forth in Samples K-0. In addition to alcohols, diols, such as
ethylene glycol, propylene glycols (i. e., 1, 1- and 1,2-propylene glycol) and the like, polyols, such
as glycerol and the like, ethers, such as dimethyl ether, diethyl ether and the like, aldehydes,
such as acetaldehyde, ketones, such as acetone, methylethyl ketone and the like, and esters
may be used. Broadly speaking, any organic liquid capable of forming a hydrogen donorhydrogen acceptor pair with another component of the composition may be used, provided that it
maintains a shelf stable, single phase composition.
These formulations were used to determine the relative thickening power of the combination of
methyl cellulose and the alcohols. The thickening ability allows the formulation, once applied to a
gasket for instance, to remain in place so that the formulation may
swell the gasket, thereby allowing for removal from the part on which the gasket has been
applied.
Table 17 n-Propyl Bromide/Methyl Cellulose Formulation (Sample I) Component Quantity
(grams) Weight Percentage Viscosity (cps) n-Propyl Bromide 61.45 99.6 Hydroxy Propyl 0 263 0.
4 < 3 Methyl Cellulose Total 61.713 100 *Notes: The mixture was thoroughly agitated after the
addition of each component.
A comparable formulation prepared with n-propyl bromide and methanol demonstrated a
comparable viscosity.
Table 18 n-Propyl Bromide/Methanol/Methyl Cellulose Formulation (Sample J) Component
Quantity (grams) Weight Percentage Viscosity (cps) n-Propyl Bromide 61. 45 88. 7 Methanol
6.15 8. 9 Hydroxy Propyl 0. 263 0. 4 14. 5 Methyl Cellulose Mineral Spirits 1.40 2. 0 Total 69. 263
100 *Notes: The mixture was thoroughly agitated after the addition of each component.
Table 19 n-Propyl Bromide/Ethanol/Methyl Cellulose Formulation (Sample K) Component
Quantity (grams) Weight Percentage Viscosity (cps) n-Propyl Bromide 61. 45 88.7 Ethanol 6.15
8. 9 Hydroxy Propyl 0. 263 0. 4 13. 5 Methyl Cellulose Mineral Spirits 1. 40 2. 0 Total 69. 263 100
*Notes: The mixture was thoroughly agitated after the addition of each component
Table 20 n-Propyl Bromide/n-Propanol/Methyl Cellulose Formulation (Sample L) Component
Quantity (grams) Weight Percentage Viscosity (cps) n-Propyl Bromide 61.45 88.7 n-Propanol 6.
15 8. 9 Hydroxy Propyl MethylCellulose Mineral Spirits 1. 40 2. 0 Total 69. 263100 *Notes: The
mixture was thoroughly agitated after the addition of each component Table 21 n-Propyl
Bromide/I-Propanol/Methyl Cellulose Formulation (Sample M) Component Quantity (grams)
Weight Percentage Viscosity (cps) n-Propyl Bromide 61.45 88.7 i-Propanol 6.15 8. 9 Hydroxy
Propyl 0. 263 0. 4 6. 9 Methyl Cellulose Mineral Spirits 1. 4 2. 0 Total 69. 263 100 *Notes: The
Bromide/n-Butanol/Methyl Cellulose Formulation (Sample N) Component Quantity (grams)
Weight Percentage Viscosity (cps) n-Propyl Bromide 61.45 88.7 n-Butanol 6. 15 8. 9 Hydroxy
Propyl 0.263 0.4 6.7 Methyl Cellulose Mineral Spirits 1.4 2. 0 Total 69. 263 100 *Notes : The
Bromide/Cyclohexanol/Methyl Cellulose Formulation (Sample O)
Component Quantity (grams) Weight Percentage Viscosity (cps) n-Propyl Bromide 61.45 88.7
Cyclohexanol 6. 15 8. 9 Hydroxy Propyl 0. 263 0. 4 4. 4 Methyl Cellulose Mineral Spirits 0. 263 2.
0 Total 69. 263 100
*Notes: The mixture was thoroughly agitated after the addition of each component Evaluation of
Formulations As Renards Swellability The formulations set forth in Tables 1-8 and 17-23 were
evaluated in accordance with ASTM D 543-95, Standard Practices for Evaluating the Resistance
of Plastics to Chemical Reagents. In this test method, the specimens are first measured for
dimensions and weight. 6 The specimens are then immersed in each formulation for a period of
time of about 10 minutes at room temperature, removed from the formulation and dried with a
paper wipe, and measured again for weight and dimensional changes.
The types of specimens evaluated are shown in Table 24.
Table 24 Types of Specimens Used to Evaluate New Gasket Remover Formulations Types of
Samples Buna-N Natural Rubber Cork Neoprene EPDM Plain Back Cork Fiber Silicone Gore-Tex
PTFE Viton
An indicator of performance in this test is sample swelling, since commercially available paint
and gasket remover products remove most types of gaskets fairly quickly by significantly swelling
the paint or 6 The dimensions of the test specimens were typically 1"x 1"x 1/16".
gasket. Table 25 and Figures 2-5 show the average gain in weight exhibited by each type of
sample which is a function of sample swelling. These data indicate that the best formulations for
swelling a wide range of gasket materials generally contain halogenated organic solvents as their
primary constituent (eg, methylene chloride, n-propyl bromide, 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene/1methyl-4- methylbenzene (mixture), l-chloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) benzene, and 1, 2-dichloro-4(trifluoromethyl)benzene).
Table 25<BR> Changes in Weight for samples Immersed in Formulations Containing Various
Primary Solvent Components bnanges ln vvelgm tAverage lnillal welgnl ln uramsl Average rlnal
wel9nt ln uramsl Avera9e eercent lncrease in Weight) for Samples Immersed in Formulations
Containing the Following Primary Solvent Components Sample E, Sample E, Sample E, Sample
A, Sample A, Sample A,Methylene Methylene Methylene n-Propyl Bromide, n-Propyl Bromide, nPropyl Bromide, Sample Chloride, Average Chloride, AverageChloride, Average Average Initial
Average Final Average Increase Initial Weight (g) Final Weight (g) Increase in Weight Weight (g)
Weight (g) in Weight (%) (%) Buna-N 1. 112.57 132 1. 15 2. 02 76 Neoprene 1. 23 1. 49 21 1. 23
1. 55 26 Cork 0. 64 1. 49 133 0. 62 1. 30 110 EPDM 1. 07 1. 20 12 1. 02 1. 26 24 Fiber 0.78 0.95
22 0.75 0.86 15 Gore-Tex PTFE 0. 63 1. 10 75 0.67 1.20 79 Natural Rubber 2. 23 2. 73 22 2. 31

2. 73 18 Plain Back Cork 0. 24 0. 63 163 0. 24 0. 40 67 Silicone 1.30 1. 85 42 1.35 2. 15 59 Viton
2. 07 2. 12 2 2. 09 2. 12 1 Sample B, Sample B, Sample B, Sample C, Sample C, Sample C, 1Chloro-2-1-Chloro-2-1-Chloro-2-1-Chloro4-1-Chloro 1-1-Chloro4- Methylbenzene and
Methylbenzene and Methylbenzene and (Trifluoromethyl)- (Trifluoromethyl)- (Trifluoromethyl)Sam le 1-Chloro-4-1-Chloro4-1-Chloro-4-benzene, Average benzene, Average benzene, Average
Methylbenzene Methylbenzene Methylbenzene Initial Weight (g) Final Weight (g) Increase in
Weight (Mixture), Average (Mixture), Average (Mixture), Average (%) Initial Weight (g) Final
Weight (g) Increase in Weight (%) Buna-N 1. 06 1. 65 56 1. 14 1. 66 46 Neoprene 1. 25 1. 54 23
1. 24 1. 35 9 Cork 0. 59 1. 12 90 0. 63 1. 08 71 EPDM 1. 03 1. 32 28 1. 07 1. 19 11 Fiber 0. 77 0.
95 23 0. 75 0. 89 19 Gore-TexPTFE 0. 65 0. 89 0. 66 1. 43 117 NaturalRubber 2. 23 2. 57 15 2.
13 2. 33 Plain Back Cork 0. 24 0. 48 100 0. 23 0. 39 70 Silicone 1. 37 1. 81 32 1. 39 1. 89 36
Viton 2. 03 2. 03 0 1. 99 2. 02 2 Table 25 (continued)<BR> Changes in Weight for Samples
Immersed in Formulations Containing Various Primary Solvent Components Changes in Weight
(Average Initial Weight in Grams/Average Final Weight in Grams/Average Percent Increase in
Weight) for Samples Immersed in Formulations Containing the Following Primary Solvent
Components Sample D, Sample D, Sample D, Sample F, Sample F, Sample F, 3,4-Dichloro-4- 3,
4-Dichloro-4- 3, 4-Dichloro-4- Xylenes and Xylenes and Xylenes and Sample (Trifluoromethyl)(Trifluoromethyl)- (Trifluoromethyl)-Acetone (Mixture), Acetone (Mixture), Acetone (Mixture),
benzene, benzene, benzene, Average Average Initial Average Final Average Increase Average
Initial Average Final Increase in Weight Weight (g) Weight (g) in Weight (%) Weight (g) Weight
(g) (%) Buna-N 1. 16 1. 57 35 1. 12 1. 64 46 Neoprene 1. 25 1. 35 8 1. 25 1. 35 8 Cork 0. 63 1.
00 59 0. 60 0. 91 52 EPDM 1.02 1. 13 11 1. 03 1. 07 4 Fiber 0. 76 0. 92 21 0. 79 0. 86 9 GoreTexPTFE 0. 66 1. 47 123 0. 65 0. 84 29 NaturalRubber 2. 17 2. 37 2. 18 2. 31 Plain Back Cork 0.
23 0. 40 74 0. 23 0. 31 35 Silicone 1. 38 1. 70 23 1. 38 1. 62 17 Viton2.03 2 05 2 01 2 34 16
Sample G, Sample G, Sample G, Sample H, Sample H, Sample H, N-Methyl N-Methyl N-Methyl
Cyclohexanol, Cyclohexanol, Cyclohexanol, Sample Pyrrolidone, Pyrrolidone, Pyrrolidone,
Average Initial Average Final Average Increase Average Initial Average Final Average Increase
Weight (g) Weight (g) in Weight (%) Weight (g) Weight (g) in Weight (%) Buna-N 1. 08 1. 41 31 1.
11 1. 12 1 Neoprene 1. 24 1. 27 2 1. 25 1. 25 0 Cork 0. 62 0. 85 37 0. 65 0. 72 11 EPDM1. 021.
0201. 041040 Fiber 0. 80 0. 87 0. 77 0. 81 Gore-Tex PTFE 0.65 0. 66 2 0. 66 0. 67 2 Natural
Rubber 2. 25 2. 31 2 19 2 19 Plain Back Cork 0. 23 0. 25 25 0. 23 0. 27 17 Silicone1.36 1. 38 1.
36 1. 37 Viton 1. 91 2. 08 1. 95 1. 95 0 Note: Each data point is an average of data collected for
three samples.
In Table 26, the weight uptake of Buta-N samples was determined by the method described
above in connection with formulations prepared along the lines of Samples I-O, save for the
methyl cellulose component.
Table 26 Changes in Weight for Buta-N Samples Immersed in Formulations Containing n-Propyl
Bromide and Various Alcohols Sample Average Initial Average Final Average Increase Weight (g)
Weight (g) in Weight (%) I 1.329 1. 986 49 J 1. 286 1. 850 44 K 1. 288 1. 845 43. 2 L 1. 313 1.
841 40. 2 M 1. 267 1. 783 40. 7 N 1. 327 1. 851 39. 5 01. 2621. 77240. 4 The following
conclusions were drawn from these data: Comparison of n-Propyl Bromide Formulation (Sample
A) with Methylene Chloride Formulation (Sample E) The n-propyl bromide formulation performs
better than the methylene chloride formulation for swelling neoprene, EPDM, Gore-Tex PTFE,
and silicone substrates.
The n-propyl bromide formulation performs about as well as the methylene chloride formulation
for swelling Viton substrates, but neither of these formulations swells Viton substrates
significantly.
Although the methylene chloride formulation performs better than the n-propyl bromide
formulation for swelling Buna-N, cork, fiber, plain back cork, and natural rubber substrates, the npropyl bromide
formulation swells these substrates sufficiently to be effective in this application.
Comparison of n-Propyl Bromide Formulation (Sample A) with Formulations Based on
Xylenes/Acetone (Sample F), N- Methyl Pyrrolidone (Sample G), and Cyclohexanol (Sample H)
The n-propyl bromide formulation performs better than the other three formulations for swelling
Buna- N, neoprene, cork, EPDM, fiber, Gore-Tex PTFE, natural rubber, plain back cork, and
silicone substrates.
'The xylenes/acetone and N-methyl pyrrolidone formulations perform better at swelling Viton
substrates than the n-propyl bromide formulation.
Neither the n-propyl bromide formulation nor the cyclohexanol formulation swells Viton
substrates significantly.
Comparison of 1-Chloro-2-Methylbenzene/1-Chloro-4- Methylbenzene (Mixture) Formulation
(Sample B) with Methylene Chloride Formulation (Sample E) The 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene/lchloro-4- methylbenzene formulation performs better than the methylene chloride formulation for
swelling neoprene and EPDM substrates, and performs about as well at swelling the fiber
substrate.
'Although the methylene chloride formulation performs better than the 1-chloro-2methylbenzene/1-chloro-4- methylbenzene formulation for swelling Buna-N, cork,
Gore-Tex PTFE, natural rubber, plain back cork, and silicone substrates, the latter formulation
swells these substrates sufficiently to be effective in this application. Neither of these
formulations swells Viton substrates significantly.
Comparison of 1-Chloro-2-Methylbenzene/1-Chloro-4- Methylbenzene (Mixture) Formulation
(Sample B) with Formulations Based on Xylenes/Acetone (Sample F), N- Methyl Pyrrolidone
(Sample G), and Cyclohexanol (Sample H) The 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene/1-chloro-4-
methylbenzene formulation performs better than the other three formulations for swelling BunaN, neoprene, cork, EPDM, fiber, Gore-Tex PTFE, natural rubber, plain back cork, and silicone
substrates.
The xylenes/acetone and N-methyl pyrrolidone formulations perform better than the 1-chloro-2methylbenzene/1-chloro-4-methylbenzene formulation at swelling Viton substrates. Neither the 1chloro-2- methylbenzene/1-chloro-4-methylbenzene formulation nor the cyclohexanol formulation
swells Viton substrates significantly.
Comparison of 1-Chloro-4-(Trifluoromethyl) benzene Formulation (Sample C)
with Methylene Chloride Formulation (Sample E) The 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-benzene
formulation performs better than-the methylene chloride formulation for swelling Gore-Tex PTFE
substrates, and performs about as well for swelling EPDM, fiber,
and Viton substrates. Neither of these formulations swells Viton substrates significantly.
Although the methylene chloride formulation performs better than the 1-chloro-4(trifluoromethyl)-benzene formulation for swelling Buna-N, neoprene, cork, natural rubber, plain
back cork, and silicone substrates, the latter formulation swells Buna-N, cork, plain back cork,
and silicone substrates sufficiently to be effective in this application.
The 1-chloro-4- (trifluoromethyl)-benzene formulation does not swell neoprene or natural rubber
substrates significantly.
Comparison of 1-Chloro-4- (Trifluoromethyl)-benzene Formulation (Sample C) with Formulations
Based on Xylenes/Acetone (Sample F), N-Methyl Pyrrolidone (Sample G), and Cyclohexanol
(Sample H) The 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzene formulation performs better than the other
three formulations for swelling cork, EPDM, fiber, Gore-Tex PTFE, natural rubber, plain back
cork, and silicone substrates.
The 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzene formulation performs better than the N-methyl
pyrrolidone and cyclohexanol formulations for swelling Buna-N, neoprene, and natural rubber
substrates, and performs about as well as the xylenes/acetone formulation for swelling Buna-N
and neoprene substrates.
The xylenes/acetone and N-methyl pyrrolidone formulations perform better than the 1-chloro-4(trifluoromethyl)-benzene formulation for swelling Viton substrates. Neither the 1-chloro-4(trifluoromethyl)-benzene formulation nor the cyclohexanol formulation swells Viton substrates
significantly.
Comparison of 1, 2-Dichloro-4- (Trifluoromethyl)-benzene Formulation (Sample D)
with Methylene Chloride Formulation (Sample E) The 1, 2-dichloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) benzene
formulation performs better than the methylene chloride formulation for swelling Gore-Tex PTFE
substrates, and performs about as well for swelling EPDM, fiber, and Viton substrates. Neither
formulation is very effective at swelling Viton substrates.
Although the methylene chloride formulation performed better than the 1, 2-dichloro-4(trifluoromethyl)-benzene formulation for swelling Buna-N, neoprene, cork, natural rubber, plain
back cork, and silicone substrates, the latter formulation swelled Buna-N, cork, plain back cork,
and silicone substrates sufficiently to be effective in this application.
The 1, 2-dichloro-4- (trifluoromethyl)-benzene formulation does not swell neoprene or natural
rubber significantly.
Comparison of 1, 2-Dichloro-4- (Trifluoromethyl)-benzene Formulation (Sample D) and
Formulations Based on Xylenes/ Acetone (Sample F), N-Methyl Pyrrolidone (Sample G), and
Cyclohexanol (Sample H) The 1, 2-dichloro-4- (trifluoromethyl)-benzene formulation performs
better than the other three formulations for swelling cork, EPDM, fiber, Gore-Tex PTFE, natural
rubber, plain back cork, and silicone substrates.
The xylenes/acetone formulation performs better than the 1, 2-dichloro-4- (trifluoromethyl)benzene formulation at swelling Buna-N and Viton substrates, and performs about as well as the
latter formulation at swelling neoprene substrates.
The 1, 2-dichloro-4- (trifluoromethyl)-benzene formulation performs better than the N-methyl
pyrrolidone and cyclohexanol formulations at swelling buna-N, neoprene, cork, EPDM, fiber,
Gore-Tex PTFE, natural rubber, plain back cork, and silicone substrates.
The N-methyl pyrrolidone formulation performs better than the 1, 2-dichloro-4- (trifluoromethyl)benzene formulation at swelling Viton substrates. Neither the 1, 2-dichloro-4- (trifluoromethyl)
benzene formulation nor the cyclohexanol formulation swells Viton substrates significantly.
Methylene Chloride-Free, Non-Methanol Formulations The ethanol-containing formulation
unexpectedly remained in a single phase solution and in a film longer than methanol-containing
formulations, upon visual inspection.
This invention replaces methylene chloride in paint and gasket remover products with one of
several halogenated organic solvents or solvent combinations that are effective alternatives
to methylene chloride-based formulations for the stripping of paints, and removal of gaskets.
Although because of its terrific solvency characteristics, methylene chloride is difficult to replace
in these formulations, the solvents used herein have been shown to be effective in swelling a
range of gasket material substrates when used as the primary solvent in these formulations.
In addition, in another aspect, this invention uses a polar oxygenated organic liquid, desirably
one other than. methanol, in combination with a hydrogen bondable thickener to synergistically
improve the thickening of the formulation. This synergistic improvement in thickness provides for
a longer on-part time because of the reduced opportunity for formulation run-off, and as such
allows for a greater opportunity for swelling of the material, such as a gasket or paint coating, to
be removed.
This invention extends to the aerosol form of these formulations using a suitable propellant such
as carbon dioxide, dimethyl ether, HFC-134a (1,1,1,2- tetrafluoroethane), hydrocarbon
propellants (e. g.,
mixtures of butane, isobutane, and/or propane) or other suitable propellant.
The formulations described herein were compared to commercially available formulations based
on methylene chloride, xylenes and acetone (mixture), and N-methyl pyrrolidone, and one
experimental formulation based on cyclohexanol in terms of their ability to swell a number of
different types of gasket material substrates. These comparisons have shown that none of these
formulations consistently outperforms all of the others on all substrates, but some general trends
were observed: 1. The inventive formulations outperformed themethylene chloride-based
formulation in terms of swelling a number of substrates, and performed sufficiently well on the
remaining substrates to be effective in this application. Regarding the latter substrates,
differences in performance between the methylene chlorideformulation and the formulations
described herein should be subtle to the casual observer using these products.
2. The inventive formulations generally outperformed other commercially available formulations
based on typical, nonhalogenated organic solvents such as xylenes/acetone (mixture), and Nmethyl pyrrolidone, and one formulation based on cyclohexanol.
3. Although the inventive formulations are effective at swelling a range of gasket material
substrates, they appear to show the following general trend for effectiveness at swelling the
range of substrates tested: n-propyl bromide formulation (Sample A) > 1-chloro-2methylbenzene/1-chloro-4-methylbenzene (mixture) formulation (Sample B) > 1-chloro-4(trifluoromethyl) benzene formulation (Sample 1,2- dichloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) benzene
formulation (Sample D).
Since none of the solvents employed in the formulations described herein are classified by the
EPA as possible human carcinogens, these formulations are effective alternatives
to methylene chloride-based formulations or other formulations containing possible human
carcinogens for removing a range of paints, coatings, and gaskets quickly and efficiently.
The full scope of the invention is measured by the claims.
1. metilen chloridefree, fase tunggal, cat pengupasan dan komposisi gasket

menghapus, terdiri dari: a. cairan hidrokarbon halogened, memiliki lebih dari
satu atom karbon; b. cairan organik beroksigen kutub; dan c. pengental bondable
hidrogen, dimana cairan organik polar oksigen dan hidrogen pengental bondable
yang hadir dalam jumlah sufficent untuk membuat komposisi dalam fase tunggal
dan sinergis meningkatkan viskositas komposisi luar viskositas komposisi, tanpa
salah satu kutub oksigen cair organik atau hidrogen pengental bondable dalam
jumlah substansial serupa.
2. Komposisi menurut Klaim 1, dimana cairan hidrokarbon terhalogenasi adalah
anggota yang dipilih dari kelompok yang terdiri dari bromide npropyl, 1 chloro 2
metilbenzen, 1chloro 4 metilbenzen, 1 chloro 4 (trifluoromethyl) benzena, 1, 2
dikloro 4 (trifluoromethyl ) benzena, dan kombinasinya.
3. Komposisi menurut Klaim 1, dimana cairan hidrokarbon terhalogenasi adalah
bromida npropyl.
4. Komposisi menurut Klaim 1, dimana cairan hidrokarbon terhalogenasi hadir
dalam jumlah dalam kisaran dari sekitar 40 sampai sekitar 90 persen berat.
5. Komposisi menurut Klaim 1, dimana cairan hidrokarbon terhalogenasi hadir
dalam jumlah dalam kisaran sekitar diinginkan 60 sampai sekitar 75 persen
berat.
6. Komposisi menurut Klaim 1, dimana cairan organik polar oksigen adalah
anggota yang dipilih dari kelompok yang terdiri dari alkanol hydroxylated,
alkenols terhidroksilasi, cycloalkanols hydroylated, terhidroksilasi cycloalkenols,
eter, keton, ester dan kombinasinya.
alkanol terhidroksilasi yang dipilih dari kelompok yang terdiri dari metanol,
etanol, propanol, butanol, pentanols, hexanols, heptanols, etilena glikol, glikol
propilena, glikol butilena, gliserol, dan kombinasinya.
alkenol terhidroksilasi dipilih dari kelompok yang terdiri dari propenols, butenols,
pentenols, hexenols, heptenols dan kombinasinya.
cycloalkanol terhidroksilasi dipilih dari kelompok yang terdiri dari cyclopentanols,
cyclohexanols, cycloheptanols dan kombinasinya.
cycloalkenol terhidroksilasi dipilih dari kelompok yang terdiri dari cyclopentenols,
cyclohexenols, cycloheptenols dan kombinasinya.
11. Komposisi menurut Klaim 1, dimana cairan organik polar oksigen adalah eter
yang dipilih dari kelompok yang terdiri dari dimetil eter, dietil eter, dan
kombinasinya.
keton yang dipilih dari kelompok yang terdiri dari aseton, metil etil keton, dan
kombinasinya.
ester yang dipilih dari kelompok yang terdiri dari format elkyl, metil asetat, etil
asetat, dan kombinasinya.
14. Komposisi menurut Klaim 1, dimana cairan organik polar oksigen hadir dalam
jumlah dalam kisaran sekitar 0,1 sampai sekitar 20 persen berat.
15. Komposisi menurut Klaim 1, dimana cairan organik polar oksigen hadir dalam
jumlah dalam kisaran 1 sampai 10 persen berat.
16. Komposisi menurut Klaim 1, dimana hidrogen pengental bondable adalah
anggota yang dipilih dari kelompok yang terdiri dari selulosa teralkilasi, silika
teralkilasi dan kombinasinya.
17. Komposisi menurut Klaim 1, dimana hidrogen pengental bondable adalah
hidroksil propil metil selulosa.
18. Komposisi menurut Klaim 1, dimana hidrogen pengental bondable hadir
dalam jumlah dalam kisaran sekitar 0,01 sampai sekitar 20 persen berat.
19. Komposisi menurut Klaim 1, selanjutnya terdiri lilin parrafin.
20. Komposisi menurut Klaim 1, selanjutnya terdiri surfaktan.
21. Sebuah chloridefree metilen, fase tunggal, cat pengupasan dan komposisi
gasket menghapus, terdiri dari: a. bromida npropyl, dalam jumlah dalam kisaran
dari sekitar 40 sampai sekitar 90 persen berat; b. cairan organik polar oksigen
yang dipilih dari kelompok yang terdiri dari metanol, etanol, dan kombinasinya,
dalam jumlah dalam kisaran dari sekitar 0,01 sampai sekitar 20 persen berat;
dan c. hidrogen pengental bondable, dimana hidrogen pengental bondable
adalah selulosa teralkilasi, dalam jumlah dalam kisaran dari sekitar 0,01 sampai
sekitar 20 persen berat.
22. Sebuah metode pembuatan komposisi menurut salah satu dari Klaim 1 atau
21, menyediakan komponen (a) sampai (c) dalam jumlah yang sesuai dan
pencampuran selama waktu yang cukup untuk membentuk cat stripper dan
gasket remover komposisi singlephase.
23. Sebuah metode stripping cat atau gasket dengan komposisi menurut salah
satu dari Klaim 1 atau 21, terdiri dari tahap: a. dispensing komposisi ke bagian
paintor gasketcovered; b. memungkinkan komposisi untuk tetap berhubungan
dengan bagian yang tertutup untuk waktu yang cukup untuk memungkinkan cat
atau gasket membengkak; dan c. menghapus setidaknya sebagian dari cat
membengkak atau gasket dari bagian.
24. Komposisi menurut salah satu dari Klaim 1 atau 21, dalam bentuk aerosol,
lanjut terdiri propelan.
Metilen klorida BEBAS DAN opsional METHANOL-GRATIS PAINT STRIPPER DAN /
ATAU GASKET REMOVER KOMPOSISI Latar Belakang Penemuan Bidang Penemuan
Penemuan ini diarahkan untuk metilen klorida bebas, dan opsional metanol
bebas, cat stripper dan formulasi gasket remover, sebagai alternatif untuk penari
telanjang cat berbasis klorida metilen dan Penghilang gasket.
Uraian Singkat Terkait Teknologi Metilen klorida telah stripper cat dan gasket
remover pilihan dalam industri selama bertahun-tahun karena menghilangkan
cat, pelapis, dan gasket cepat, dan bekerja dengan baik pada berbagai substrat,
termasuk kayu dan logam. Penggunaan terbesar untuk metilen klorida dalam
Amerika Serikat adalah cat pengupasan dan penghapusan gasket dengan sekitar
40% dari 360,000,000 dijual di Amerika Serikat pada tahun 1994 menjadi
untuk aplikasi ini. 1 Cat pengupasan dan gasket remover produk yang banyak
digunakan oleh pekerja pemeliharaan di kompleks industri, pelukis pesawat,
pembuat furnitur, dan pemilik rumah. Kegunaan utama lainnya untuk metilen
klorida termasuk membersihkan logam dan menyelesaikan di bidang manufaktur
elektronik, dan sebagai proses pelarut dalam industri farmasi dan Film coating.
Meskipun fleksibilitas metilen klorida dalam berbagai aplikasi, beberapa ahli
industri percaya bahwa penggunaan metilen klorida di cat stripper dan paking
produk remover akan dibatasi oleh peraturan pemerintah karena keprihatinan
atas toksisitas pada manusia. US Environmental Protection Agency saat ini
mengklasifikasikan metilen klorida sebagai karsinogen manusia kemungkinan
Kelompok B2 bahaya karsinogenik rendah.
Dengan demikian, akan diinginkan untuk menggantikan metilen klorida dalam

produk tersebut dengan suatu bahan kimia yang memiliki kemampuan
sebanding, sementara memiliki klasifikasi EPA kurang ekstrim.
Pelarut terhalogenasi lain yang dikenal untuk digunakan dalam cat pengupasan
dan / atau paking menghapus komposisi. Misalnya, pelarut brominated dikenal,
seperti n-propil bromida. n-propil bromida seringkali direkomendasikan sebagai
stripper cat atau gasket remover sebagai pelarut pembersih dingin atau dalam
aplikasi perendaman. Pelarut terhalogenasi lain dikenal adalah benzotrifluoride
(juga dikenal sebagai 1- Ap. // Pub ACS org / hotartcl / cenear / 950925 / pgl html,
Agustus 4,2000, hal...
11.
2 Internet situs: http: // www. epa. gov / ttnuatwl / hlthef / methvlen. html,
3,2000 Agustus, p.
1.
chloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) benzena). Lihat U. S. Paten No.
5.756.002.
Sejumlah kendala yang ada untuk pengembangan komersial yang sukses dari
stripper cat dan atau komposisi gasket remover, bahkan satu yang mengandung
pelarut terhalogenasi selain berbagai satu karbon, seperti metilen klorida (atau
kloroform atau karbon tetraklorida). Misalnya, sementara wadah besar n-propil
bromida mungkin berguna dalam industri, operasi skala besar di mana bagian
yang akan dilucuti cat atau dari mana satu atau lebih gasket untuk dihapus
adalah ukuran yang signifikan, dalam banyak kasus tidak nyaman untuk
melakukan operasi mencelupkan. Sebaliknya, banyak pengguna akhir lebih
memilih untuk dapat menerapkan komposisi itu secara langsung pada bagian
dan menghapus cat atau gasket tidak diinginkan segera sesudahnya. Namun,
pelarut terhalogenasi, seperti n-propil bromida, sendiri sangat sering viskositas
rendah dan dengan demikian cenderung baik lari sebagian atau menguap
dengan cepat setelah aplikasi. Hal ini menyebabkan pembersihan lengkap
setelah satu aplikasi atau kebutuhan banyak aplikasi berulang, dengan banyak
limbah material dan waktu.
Sementara pengental dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan viskositas pelarut

terhalogenasi, yang akan meningkatkan limpasan masalah, yang paling
pengental konvensional, seperti silika, tanah liat dan sejenisnya, mereka tidak
memiliki film yang tepat membentuk sifat untuk memungkinkan pengembangan
Film basah pelarut berhalogen. Selain itu, penambahan pengental kemungkinan
akan menciptakan sistem dua bagian, membutuhkan mengagitasi pencampuran
sebelum aplikasi.
Oleh karena itu terdapat kebutuhan untuk formulasi untuk pengupasan,

menghapus dan membersihkan bagian-bagian yang bebas dari metilen klorida,
dan secara opsional metanol juga, dan memberikan kemampuan kinerja yang
sebanding dengan formulasi berdasarkan itu pelarut terhalogenasi.
Sebuah metilen klorida bebas, fase tunggal, cat pengupasan dan gasket
menghapus komposisi, terdiri dari cairan hidrokarbon halogened, memiliki lebih
dari satu atom karbon; cairan organik beroksigen kutub; dan pengental bondable
hidrogen, dimana cairan organik polar oksigen dan hidrogen pengental bondable
yang hadir dalam jumlah sufficent untuk membuat komposisi dalam fase tunggal
dan sinergis meningkatkan viskositas komposisi luar viskositas komposisi, tanpa
salah satu kutub cair organik oksigen atau hidrogen pengental bondable dalam
jumlah substansial serupa.
Ringkasan Penemuan Penemuan ini memberikan formulasi untuk cat stripper dan
gasket remover produk yang didasarkan pada pelarut selain metilen klorida atau
pelarut lainnya yang diklasifikasikan sebagai karsinogen manusia mungkin, dan
alternatif yang efektif untuk metilen formulasi berbasis klorida untuk cat
pengupasan dan gasket penghapusan.
Komposisi inventif dapat diterapkan ke permukaan bagian dalam cara yang

terkontrol, dan karena sifat rhelogical komposisi, akan tetap pada bagian untuk
waktu yang cukup untuk memungkinkan cat yang akan dilucuti atau paking
untuk dihapus membengkak dan setelah itu dilucuti atau dihapus dari
permukaan bagian. Pembengkakan cat atau gasket menunjukkan bahwa
komposisi telah merambah dan / atau dilarutkan untuk beberapa derajat cat atau
gasket.
Pelarut alternatif yang digunakan dalam penemuan ini terhalogenasi. Pelarut ini
meliputi pelarut seperti n-propil bromida (juga dikenal sebagai 1bromopropana), pelarut diklorinasi seperti campuran 1-kloro-2-metilbenzen dan
1-kloro-4-metilbenzen (juga dikenal sebagai chlorotoluenes), dan brominated
diklorinasi / pelarut fluorinated seperti 1-kloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) benzena (juga
dikenal sebagai chlorobenzotrifluoride p) dan 1, 2-dikloro-4- (trifluoromethyl)
benzena (juga dikenal sebagai dichlorobenzotrifluoride). Penemuan ini
menawarkan banyak keuntungan termasuk yang karena tidak ada pelarut yang
digunakan dalam formulasi yang dijelaskan disini diklasifikasikan sebagai
karsinogen potensial manusia, formulasi ini adalah alternatif yang efektif untuk
metilen formulasi berbasis klorida atau formulasi lain yang mengandung
karsinogen manusia atau mungkin karsinogen manusia untuk menghapus
kisaran cat, pelapis, dan gasket cepat dan efisien.
Dalam aspek lain dari penemuan ini, komposisi yang meliputi pelarut alternatif
tersebut opsional juga siap dengan senyawa polar oksigen organik, selain
metanol, yang banyak negara yang berusaha membatasi paparan pengguna.
Selain senyawa seperti oksigen polar organik selain metanol termasuk alkohol
(selain metanol), diol, poliol, eter, keton, ester dan sejenisnya.
Uraian Singkat Gambar Gambar 1 menggambarkan struktur kimia pelarut

alternatif yang digunakan dalam cat dan paking remover formulasi dalam
penemuan ini.
Gambar 2 menggambarkan perbandingan formulasi bromida n-propil (Contoh A)

dengan formulasi dalam penemuan ini sebagai salam spesimen berat,
pengukuran awal dan akhir (gram).
Gambar 3 menggambarkan perbandingan 1-kloro-2- metilbenzen / 1-kloro-4metilbenzen (campuran) formulasi (Contoh B) dengan formulasi alternatif khas
dengan penemuan ini sebagai salam spesimen berat, pengukuran awal dan akhir
(gram).
Gambar 4 menggambarkan perbandingan 1-kloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) formulasi

benzena (Contoh C) dengan formulasi alternatif khas dengan penemuan ini
sebagai salam spesimen berat, pengukuran awal dan akhir (gram).
Gambar 5 menggambarkan perbandingan 1,2-dichloro- 4- (trifluoromethyl)

formulasi benzena (Contoh D) dengan formulasi alternatif khas sesuai dengan
penemuan ini sebagai salam spesimen berat, pengukuran awal dan akhir (gram).
Uraian Lengkap Penemuan Penemuan ini memberikan satu fasa, cat stripper dan
gasket remover komposisi, yang bebas dari metilen klorida. Komposisi dalam
bentuk yang luas memberikan cairan hidrokarbon terhalogenasi, seperti cairan
hidrokarbon brominated atau diklorinasi, selain senyawa karbon yang diklorinasi;
cairan organik beroksigen kutub; dan hidrogen pengental bondable. Itu
cair organik polar oksigen dan hidrogen pengental bondable yang hadir dalam
jumlah sufficent untuk membuat komposisi dalam fase tunggal dan sinergis
meningkatkan viskositas komposisi luar viskositas komposisi tanpa salah satu
dari cairan organik polar oksigen atau hidrogen pengental bondable di jumlah
substansial serupa.
Komposisi inventif didasarkan pada cairan hidrokarbon terhalogenasi, seperti

cairan brominated atau diklorinasi hidrokarbon, selain senyawa karbon yang
diklorinasi, seperti metilen klorida, kloroform, atau karbon tetraklorida, yang
masing-masing diklasifikasikan oleh US EPA sebagai karsinogen manusia. Cairan
ini hidrokarbon terhalogenasi termasuk pelarut seperti n-propil bromida (juga
dikenal sebagai 1- bromopropana), pelarut diklorinasi seperti campuran 1-kloro2-metilbenzen dan 1-kloro-4-methylbenzene3 (juga dikenal sebagai
chlorotoluenes) brominated , dan diklorinasi / pelarut fluorinated seperti 1-kloro4- (trifluoromethyl) -benzene4 (juga dikenal sebagai chlorobenzotrifluoride p) dan
1, 2-dikloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -benzene5 (juga dikenal sebagai
dichlorobenzotrifluoride). Struktur kimia pelarut ini ditunjukkan pada Gambar 1.
Cairan hidrokarbon terhalogenasi harus ada dalam jumlah dalam kisaran dari
sekitar 40 sampai sekitar 90, seperti sekitar 50 sampai sekitar 80, disukai sekitar
3 Nama Dagang: OXSOL 10 yang merupakan campuran dari 1-kloro-2metilbenzen (40- 99 persen berat), CAS No 95-49-8, dan 1-kloro-4-metilbenzen
(1-60 persen berat), CAS No 106-43-4, diproduksi oleh Occidental Chemical
Corporation, Dallas, TX.
4 Nama Dagang: OXSOL 100 5 Nama Dagang: OXSOL 1000
60 sampai sekitar 75 persen berat dari komposisi inventif.
Sebelum penemuan ini, tersedia secara komersial metilen klorida cat bebasstripper dan gasket remover formulasi didasarkan pada pelarut alternatif yang
umumnya tidak terhalogenasi (misalnya, xilena, toluena, aseton, butyrolactone,
d-limonene, benzyl alcohol, N- metil pirolidon, N, N-dimetilformamida,
sikloheksanol, dan sejenisnya) atau yang mengandung hanya sejumlah kecil
pelarut terhalogenasi. Satu keuntungan dari menggunakan pelarut organik
terhalogenasi daripada karsinogenik, cairan hidrokarbon non-halogenasi non
dijelaskan di atas adalah bahwa mantan tampaknya lebih efektif pembengkakan
dan menghilangkan berbagai macam bahan paking. Brominated atau cairan
hidrokarbon diklorinasi cenderung lebih agresif daripada pelarut organik nonterhalogenasi karena ikatan karbon-halogen yang sangat terpolarisasi.
Cairan organik polar oksigen dapat dipilih dari berbagai bahan, termasuk alkanol
terhidroksilasi, alkenols terhidroksilasi, cycloalkanols hydroylated, cycloalkenols
terhidroksilasi, eter, aldehida, keton, ester dan kombinasinya.
Bahan-bahan ini mampu bertindak sebagai donor hidrogen dengan akseptor

hidrogen. Dalam komposisi inventif, akseptor hidrogen mungkin hidrogen
pengental bondable. Berpasangan donor-akseptor ini, sementara tidak berniat
untuk terikat oleh teori, ikatan hidrogen diyakini terjadi yang sinergis
meningkatkan kemampuan penebalan baik komponen saja dalam jumlah yang

substansial serupa.
Contoh yang lebih spesifik dari alkanol hydroxylated termasuk alkohol, metanol,
etanol, propanol, butanol, pentanols, hexanols, heptanols, dan sejenisnya, glikol,
etilena glikol, glikol propilena, glikol butilena, dan sejenisnya, dan triol itu,
gliserol . Tentu saja, kombinasi ini alkanol hidroksilasi dapat digunakan juga.
Contoh yang lebih spesifik dari alkenols hydroxylated termasuk propenols,

butenols, pentenols, hexenols, heptenols dan kombinasinya.
Contoh yang lebih spesifik dari cycloalkanols hydroxylated termasuk

cyclopentanols, cyclohexanols, cycloheptanols dan kombinasinya.
Contoh yang lebih spesifik dari cycloalkenols hydroxylated termasuk

cyclopentenols, cyclohexenols, cycloheptenols dan kombinasinya.
Contoh yang lebih spesifik dari eter meliputi dimetil eter, eter dietil,
tetrahidrofuran dan kombinasinya.
Contoh yang lebih spesifik dari aldehida termasuk asetaldehida, aldehida propil,
dan kombinasinya.
Contoh yang lebih spesifik dari keton termasuk aseton, keton metiletil,
sikloheksanon dan kombinasinya.
Contoh yang lebih spesifik dari ester termasuk etil format, etil asetat, metil
asetat, dan kombinasinya.
Cairan organik polar oksigen harus ada dalam jumlah dalam kisaran sekitar 0,01
sampai sekitar 20, seperti sekitar 0,5 sampai sekitar 15, disukai 1 sampai 10
persen berat dari komposisi inventif.
Hidrogen pengental bondable dapat dipilih dari sejumlah bahan, seperti selulosa
teralkilasi, seperti metil selulosa, propil hyroxy metil selulosa dan kombinasinya.
Sebuah contoh yang tersedia secara komersial dari bahan-bahan ini termasuk
Methocel 311, dari Dow Chemical. Pilihan lain yang sesuai untuk hidrogen
pengental bondable adalah silika teralkilasi.
Hidrogen pengental bondable harus ada dalam jumlah dalam kisaran sekitar
0,01 sampai sekitar 20, seperti sekitar 0,05 sampai 10, disukai sekitar 0 2
sampai 0. 5 persen berat dari komposisi inventif.
Komposisi juga mungkin termasuk surfaktan, terutama di mana komponen akan

mendapat manfaat dari surfaktan untuk mempertahankan fase tunggal, dan /
atau lilin parafin, seperti tersedia secara komersial Parvan 131.
Penemuan ini juga diarahkan untuk metode penyusunan komposisi inventif.

Metode ini meliputi penyediaan komponen masing-masing dan pencampuran
mereka bersama-sama untuk waktu yang cukup untuk membentuk komposisi
fase tunggal.
Penemuan selanjutnya diarahkan ke metode menghilangkan gasket atau cat

dengan komposisi inventif. Metode ini meliputi penyediaan gasketed atau bagian
dicat (yang untuk tujuan aplikasi ini juga harus mencakup pelapis, seperti pernis,
pernis, enamel dan sejenisnya), pengeluaran komposisi inventif dan / atau
tentang gasketed atau dicat bagian, dan memungkinkan komposisi inventif
membengkak gasket dan cat untuk memungkinkan penghapusan lancar
daripadanya.
Penemuan ini belum lebih lanjut diarahkan untuk komposisi inventif dalam
bentuk aerosol, di mana komposisi lanjut termasuk propelan. Dalam hal ini,
penemuan ini juga merenungkan artikel dari manufaktur yang meliputi wadah
untuk kemasan komposisi inventif; komposisi inventif dibuang therewithin
bersama-sama dengan propelan. Propelan harus dipilih sehingga larut atau
kompatibel dengan komposisi keseluruhan sehingga dapat ditiadakan dalam fase
tunggal, sehingga menghindari pemisahan propelan dari komponen lain dalam
wadah selama penyimpanan. Propelan cocok untuk digunakan dalam penemuan
ini termasuk, tanpa batasan, karbon dioksida, isobutana, dimetileter, 1, 1,1,2tetrafluoroethane dan kombinasinya. Ketika hadir, propelan harus digunakan
dalam jumlah yang cukup untuk memfasilitasi pengiriman komposisi dari sebuah
wadah aerosol. Misalnya, propelan dapat digunakan dalam jumlah sekitar 1
sampai 50 persen berat, diinginkan dalam jumlah sekitar 25 sampai sekitar 35

persen berat dari komposisi inventif.
Penemuan ini selanjutnya akan diilustrasikan dengan mengacu pada contohcontoh berikut yang tidak membatasi.
Contoh Formulasi yang ditetapkan dalam Tabel 1-4 didasarkan pada pelarut yang
ditunjukkan pada Gambar 1, dan merupakan contoh yang efektif metilen klorida
formulasi bebas-untuk cat dan gasket Penghilang. Tabel 5-8 menunjukkan
tersedia secara komersial formulasi remover gasket berdasarkan metilen
klorida, xilena dan aseton, dan N-metil pirolidon, dan formulasi berdasarkan
sikloheksanol, masing-masing.
Cat Tabel 1 Methylene Chloride Bebas dan Gasket Remover Perumusan

Berdasarkan n-propil bromida sebagai pelarut Primer (Contoh A) Komponen
Jumlah (gram) Orde Penambahan * Persentase Berat n-propil bromida 121. 3 1
87. 3 Methanol 12,1 2 8. 7 Hydroxy Propyl 0 5 metilselulosa Parvan 131 1.4 4 1
Mineral Spirits 2. 8 Total138. 3--100
* Catatan: Campuran menyeluruh gelisah setelah penambahan masing-masing

komponen.

Berdasarkan pada Campuran 1-Chloro-2-metilbenzen dan (Contoh B) 1-Chloro-4metilbenzen sebagai Pelarut Primer
Komponen Jumlah (gram) Orde Penambahan * Berat Persentase Campuran 1kloro- 2-Methylbenzeneand 111. 2 1 0 1 80.-Chloro-4- metilbenzen Methanol 11.
1 2 8. 0 Aseton 11.1 3 8. 0 hidroksipropil 0 . 5 4 0 36 Methyl Cellulose Parvan 131
1. 4 5 MineralSpirits 2. 8 6 2 Jumlah 138.1 - # 100 * Catatan: Campuran
menyeluruh gelisah setelah penambahan masing-masing komponen.

Berdasarkan 1-Chloro-4- (Trifluoromethyl) -benzene sebagai pelarut Primer
(Contoh C) Komponen Jumlah (gram) Orde Penambahan * Persentase Berat 1-
Chloro-4- ( Trifluoromethyl) -108. 4 1 76,4 benzena Methanol 10,8 2 7,6 Aseton

10,8 3 7. 6 Hydroxy Propyl metilselulosa Parvan 131 2,25 5 1. 6 Mineral Spirits
4,5 6 3. 3 Jumlah 137. 55--100

komponen.
Berdasarkan 1, 2-Dichloro-4- (Trifluoromethyl) -benzene sebagai pelarut Primer
(Contoh D) Komponen Jumlah (gram) Orde Penambahan * Persentase Berat 1,2Dichloro -4- (Trifluoromethyl) -108. 4 1 76,4 benzena Methanol 10,8 2 7. 6
Acetone 10. 8 7. 6 Hydroxy Propyl 0,8 4 0,58 Methyl Cellulose Parvan 131 2,25 5
1.6 Spirits Mineral 4. 5 3. 3 Jumlah 137.55--100
komponen.
Tabel 5 Dijual Methylene Chloride Berbasis Cat dan Gasket Remover Formulasi
(Contoh E) Komponen Jumlah (gram) Orde Penambahan * Persentase Berat
Methylene Chloride 122. 5 1 88,1 Methanol 12. 2 2 8. 8 Proprietary 4. 3 3 3. 1
Bahan Jumlah 139--100 * Catatan: campuran LHE adalah benar-benar gelisah
setelah penambahan masing-masing komponen.
* Proprietary bahan termasuk pengental, lilin parafin halus, dan surfaktan
mungkin.
Tabel 6 Dijual Xylenes dan Aseton Berbasis Cat dan Gasket Remover Formulasi
(Contoh F) Komponen Jumlah (gram) Orde Penambahan * Persentase Berat
Xylenes 62,7 1 45,1 Aseton 63. 1 2 45. 4 Methanol 6. 8 3 4. 9 Proprietary 6. 4 4.
6 Bahan Jumlah 139-100 * Catatan: Campuran menyeluruh gelisah setelah
penambahan masing-masing komponen.
Tabel 7 Dijual Cat N-Metil pirolidon Berbasis dan Gasket Remover Formulasi
(Contoh G) Komponen Jumlah (gram) Orde Penambahan * Persentase Berat NMetil pirolidon 122. 5 1 88,1 Methanol 12. 2 2 8. 8 Bahan Proprietary Jumlah
139--100 * Catatan: Campuran menyeluruh gelisah setelah penambahan masingmasing komponen.
Tabel 8 Cat sikloheksanol Berbasis dan Gasket Remover Formulasi (Contoh H)
Komponen Jumlah (gram) Orde Penambahan * Persentase Berat sikloheksanol
122. 5 1 88. 1 Methanol 12. 2 2 8. 8 Hydroxy Propyl 0 38 0 27 Methyl selulosa
Parvan 131 1,08 4 0,78 Spirits Mineral 2. 15 5 1. 55 Jumlah 138,31 - # 100 *
Catatan: Campuran menyeluruh gelisah setelah penambahan masing-masing
komponen.
Dalam Tabel 9-16, formulasi Tabel 1-8 yang ditetapkan lagi, meskipun dalam
bentuk aerosol - yaitu, propelan yang telah ditambahkan dan formulasi dikemas
dalam kaleng aerosol.

mungkin.
Cat Tabel 9 Methylene Chloride Bebas dan Gasket Remover Formulasi dalam
Formulir Aerosol Berdasarkan n-propil bromida sebagai pelarut Primer (Contoh A)
Komponen Jumlah (gram) Orde Penambahan * Berat Persentase n-propil bromida
138,7 1 61,1 Methanol 13. 8 2 6. 1 Hydroxy Propyl 0.57 3 0.25 metilselulosa
PARVAN131 1. 6 4 0 7 MineralSpirits 2.74 5 1,2 Propelan 68. 1 6 30. 0 Total 225.
5--100 * Catatan: Campuran menyeluruh gelisah setelah penambahan masingmasing komponen.
Formulir Aerosol Berdasarkan Campuran 1-Cliloro-2-Metliylbenzene dan 1-Chloro4-metilbenzen sebagai Pelarut Primer (Contoh B) Komponen Jumlah (gram) Orde
Penambahan * Persentase Berat Campuran l-kloroform. 2-metilbenzen dan 127.
1 1 0 1 56.-Chloro-4- metilbenzen Methanol 12,7 2 5,6 Aseton 12. 7 3 5. 6
Hydroxy Propyl 0,57 4 0,25 Methyl Cellulose Parian 131 1. 6 0 7 MineralSpirits 2.
74 6 1. 2 Propelan 68,1 7 30,0 Jumlah 225,5 - # 100 * Catatan: Campuran
Formulir Aerosol Berdasarkan 1-Chloro-4- (Trifluoromethyl) -benzene sebagai
pelarut Primer (Contoh C) Komponen Jumlah (gram) Orde Penambahan *
Persentase Berat 1-kloroform 4- (Trifluoromethyl) -124. 0 1 54. 6 benzena
Methanol 12. 3 5. 4 Acetone 12. 3 5. 4 Hydroxy Propyl metilselulosa Parvan 131
2,58 5 1. 14 Spirits Mineral 5. 15 2. 28 Propelan 68,1 5 30. 0 Total 225J4--100 *
komponen.
Tabel 12 Methylene Chloride-Free Cat dan Gasket Remover Formulasi dalam
Formulir Aerosol Berdasarkan 1, 2-Chloro-4- (Trifluoromethyl) -benzene sebagai
pelarut Primer (Contoh D) Komponen Jumlah (gram) Orde Penambahan * Berat
Persentase 1, 2-Chloro-4- (Trifluoromethyl) -124. 0 1 54,6 benzena Methanol 12.
3 2 5. 4 Acetone 12. 3 5 4 Hydroxy Propyl metilselulosa Parvan 131 2. 58 5 1. 14
Spirits Mineral 5,15 5 2. 28 Propelan 68. 1 5 30,0 Jumlah 225. 34 - # 100 *
komponen.
Tabel 13 Dijual Cat Methylene Chloride Berbasis dan Gasket Remover Formulasi
dalam Formulir Aerosol (Contoh E) Komponen Jumlah (gram) Orde Penambahan *
Persentase Berat Methylene Chloride 140.0 1 61,7 Methanol 14,1 2 6. 2 Bahan
Proprietary propelan 68. 1 4 30 Jumlah 227-100 * Catatan: Campuran
Tabel 14 Dijual Xylenes dan Aseton Berbasis Cat dan Gasket Remover Formulasi
dalam Formulir Aerosol (Contoh F) Komponen Jumlah (gram) Orde Penambahan *
Persentase Berat Xylenes 71,7 1 31. 6 Acetone 72. 2 31. 8 Methanol 7. 7 3 3. 4
Bahan Proprietary * Propelan 68,1 5 30 Total 227-100 * Catatan: Campuran
Tabel 15 Dijual Cat N-Metil pirolidon Berbasis dan Gasket Remover Formulasi
dalam Formulir Aerosol (Formulasi Contoh G) Komponen Jumlah (gram) Orde
Penambahan * Persentase Berat N-Metil pirolidon 140. 0 1 61. 7 Methanol 14. 1 2
6.2 Proprietary 4,8 3 2,1 Bahan * Propelan 68. 1 1 4 30 1 Jumlah 227-100 *
komponen.
mungkin.
Tabel 16 sikloheksanol Berbasis Cat dan Gasket Remover Formulasi dalam
Formulir Aerosol (Contoh H) Komponen Jumlah (gram) Orde Penambahan *
Persentase Berat sikloheksanol 140.0 1 61,7 Methanol 14. 1 2 6. 2 Hydroxy
Propyl 0 43 3 0 19 metilselulosa Parvin 131 1. 2 4 0 53 Spirits Mineral 2. 4 1. 06
Propelan 68,1 6 30 Total 226,2-100 * Catatan: Campuran menyeluruh gelisah
setelah penambahan masing-masing komponen.
Pada Tabel 17-23, selain mengganti metilen klorida dengan n-propil bromida, npropil bromida digunakan bersama-sama dengan propil hidroksi metil selulosa
sebagai kontrol pertama (Contoh I), dan dengan hidroksi propil metil selulosa dan
metanol sebagai kedua control (Contoh J) dibandingkan dengan alkohol
pengganti, sebagaimana diatur dalam Sampel K-0. Selain alkohol, diol, seperti
etilena glikol, glikol propilena (yaitu, 1, 1 dan 1,2-propilen glikol) dan sejenisnya,
poliol, seperti gliserol dan sejenisnya, eter, seperti dimetil eter, dietil eter dan
sejenisnya, aldehida, seperti acetaldehyde, keton, seperti aseton, metiletil keton
dan sejenisnya, dan ester dapat digunakan. Secara garis besar, cairan organik
mampu membentuk hidrogen donor-akseptor hidrogen pasangan dengan
komponen lain dari komposisi dapat digunakan, asalkan ia mempertahankan
stabil, komposisi fase tunggal rak.
Formulasi ini digunakan untuk menentukan kekuatan penebalan relatif dari
kombinasi metil selulosa dan alkohol. Kemampuan penebalan memungkinkan
perumusan, sekali diterapkan pada gasket misalnya, untuk tetap di tempat
sehingga formulasi mungkin
membengkak gasket, sehingga memungkinkan untuk dihapus dari bagian yang
gasket telah diterapkan.
Tabel 17 n-propil bromida / Methyl Cellulose Formulasi (Contoh I) Komponen
Jumlah (gram) Persentase Berat Viskositas (cps) n-propil bromida 61,45 99,6
Hydroxy Propyl 0 263 0 4 <3 Methyl Cellulose Jumlah 61,713 100 * Catatan:
Campuran adalah benar-benar gelisah setelah penambahan masing-masing
komponen.
Formulasi sebanding siap dengan n-propil bromida dan metanol menunjukkan
viskositas sebanding.
Tabel 18 n-propil bromida / Methanol / Methyl Cellulose Formulasi (Contoh J)
Komponen Jumlah (gram) Persentase Berat Viskositas (cps) n-propil bromida 61.
45 88. 7 Methanol 6.15 8. 9 Hydroxy Propyl 0 263 0 4 14. 5 Methyl Cellulose
Mineral Spirits 1,40 2. 0 Total 69. 263 100 * Catatan: Campuran menyeluruh
gelisah setelah penambahan masing-masing komponen.
Tabel 19 n-propil bromida / Ethanol / Methyl Cellulose Formulasi (Contoh K)
Komponen Jumlah (gram) Persentase Berat Viskositas (cps) n-propil bromida 61.
45 88,7 Etanol 6.15 8. 9 Hydroxy Propyl 0 263 0 4 13. 5 Methyl Cellulose Mineral
Spirits 1. 40 2. 0 Total 69. 263 100 * Catatan: Campuran menyeluruh gelisah
setelah penambahan masing-masing komponen
Tabel 20 n-propil bromida / n-Propanol / Methyl Cellulose Formulasi (Contoh L)
Komponen Jumlah (gram) Persentase Berat Viskositas (cps) n-propil bromida
61,45 88,7 n-Propanol 6. 15 8. 9 Hydroxy Propyl metilselulosa Mineral Spirits 1 .
40 2. 0 Total 69. 263.100 * Catatan: Campuran menyeluruh gelisah setelah
penambahan komponen setiap Tabel 21 n-propil bromida / I-Propanol / Methyl
Cellulose Formulasi (Contoh M) Komponen Jumlah (gram) Persentase Berat
Viskositas ( cps) n-propil bromida 61,45 88,7 i-Propanol 6.15 8. 9 Hydroxy Propyl
0 263 0 4 6. 9 Methyl Cellulose Mineral Spirits 1. 4 2. 0 Total 69. 263 100 *
Catatan: Campuran benar gelisah setelah penambahan komponen setiap Tabel
22 n-propil bromida / n-Butanol / Methyl Cellulose Formulasi (Contoh N)
61,45 88,7 n-Butanol 6. 15 8. 9 Hydroxy propil 0,263 0,4 6,7 Methyl Cellulose
Mineral Spirits 1,4 2. 0 Total 69. 263 100 * Catatan: Campuran menyeluruh
gelisah setelah penambahan komponen setiap Tabel 23 n-propil bromida /
sikloheksanol / Methyl Cellulose Formulasi (Contoh O)
61,45 88,7 sikloheksanol 6. 15 8. 9 Hydroxy Propyl 0 263 0 4 4. 4 Methyl
Cellulose Mineral Spirits 0 263 2. 0 Total 69. 263 100
Evaluasi komponen Formulasi Sebagai Renards Swellability Formulasi yang
ditetapkan dalam Tabel 1-8 dan 17-23 dievaluasi sesuai dengan ASTM D 543-95,
Praktek Standar untuk Mengevaluasi Perlawanan Plastik untuk Kimia Reagen.
Dalam metode tes ini, spesimen pertama diukur untuk dimensi dan berat. 6
Spesimen kemudian direndam dalam setiap formulasi untuk jangka waktu sekitar
10 menit pada suhu kamar, dihapus dari formulasi dan dikeringkan dengan
kertas lap, dan diukur lagi untuk berat badan dan perubahan dimensi.
Jenis-jenis spesimen dievaluasi ditunjukkan pada Tabel 24.
Tabel 24 Jenis Spesimen Digunakan untuk Mengevaluasi New Gasket Remover
Formulasi Jenis Sampel Buna-N Karet Alam Cork Neoprene EPDM Plain Kembali
Cork Fiber Silicone Gore-Tex PTFE Viton
Indikator kinerja dalam tes ini adalah sampel pembengkakan, karena tersedia
secara komersial cat dan gasket remover produk menghapus sebagian jenis
gasket cukup cepat secara signifikan pembengkakan cat atau 6 Dimensi
spesimen uji yang biasanya 1 "x 1" x 1/16 ".
gasket. Tabel 25 dan Gambar 2-5 menunjukkan kenaikan rata-rata berat badan
dipamerkan oleh setiap jenis sampel yang merupakan fungsi dari sampel
pembengkakan. Data ini menunjukkan bahwa formulasi terbaik untuk
pembengkakan berbagai bahan gasket umumnya berisi terhalogenasi pelarut
organik sebagai konstituen utama mereka (misalnya, metilen klorida, n-propil
bromida, 1-kloro-2-metilbenzen / 1-metil-4- metilbenzen (campuran), l-kloro-4(trifluoromethyl) benzena, dan 1, 2-dikloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) benzena).
Tabel 25 <BR> Perubahan Berat sampel Tenggelam dalam Formulasi
Mengandung Berbagai Primer Solvent Komponen bnanges ln vvelgm tAverage
lnillal welgnl ln uramsl rata rlnal wel9nt ln uramsl Avera9e eercent Tingkatkan di
Berat) untuk Sampel Tenggelam dalam Formulasi Mengandung Mengikuti Primer
Solvent Komponen Contoh E , Contoh E, Contoh E, Contoh A, Contoh A, Contoh A,
Methylene Methylene Methylene n-propil bromida, n-propil bromida, n-propil
bromida, Contoh Chloride, rata Chloride, rata Chloride, Sedang Sedang awal rata
Akhir rata Meningkatkan Berat awal (g) Berat Akhir (g) Peningkatan Berat Berat
(g) Berat (g) di Berat (%) (%) Buna-N 1. 112,57 132 1. 15 2. 02 76 Neoprene 1.
23 1. 49 21 1. 23 1. 55 26 Cork 0 64 1. 49 133 0 62 1. 30 110 EPDM 1. 07 1. 20
12 1. 02 1. 26 24 Fiber 0,78 0,95 22 0,75 0,86 15 Gore-Tex PTFE 0 . 63 1. 10 75
0.67 1.20 79 Karet Alam 2. 23 2. 73 22 2. 31 2. 73 18 Plain Kembali Cork 0 24 0
63 0 163 24 0 40 67 Silicone 1,30 1. 85 42 1,35 2 . 15 59 Viton 2. 07 2. 12 2 2.
09 2. 12 1 Contoh B, Contoh B, Contoh B, C Contoh, Contoh C, Contoh C, 1Chloro-2-1-Chloro-2-1- Chloro-2-1-Chloro4-1-Chloro 1-1-Chloro4- metilbenzen dan
metilbenzen dan metilbenzen dan (Trifluoromethyl) - (Trifluoromethyl) (Trifluoromethyl) - Sam le 1-Chloro-4-1-Chloro4-1-Chloro -4-benzena, benzena
rata, rata benzena, rata metilbenzen metilbenzen metilbenzen Berat Awal (g)
Berat Akhir (g) Peningkatan Berat (Campuran), rata-rata (Campuran), rata-rata
(Campuran), rata-rata (%) Berat Awal (g ) Akhir Berat (g) Peningkatan Berat (%)
Buna-N 1. 06 1. 65 56 1. 14 1. 66 46 Neoprene 1. 25 1. 54 23 1. 24 1. 35 9 Cork
0 59 1. 12 90 0 63 1. 08 71 EPDM 1. 03 1. 32 28 1. 07 1. 19 11 0 77 0 Fiber 95 23
0 75 0 89 19 Gore-TexPTFE 0 65 0 89 0. 66 1. 43 117 NaturalRubber 2. 23 2. 57
15 2. 13 2. 33 Plain Kembali Cork 0 24 0 48 0 100 23 0 39 70 Silicone 1. 37 1. 81
32 1. 39 1. 89 36 Viton 2. 03 2. 03 0 1. 99 2. 02 2 Tabel 25 (lanjutan) <BR>
Perubahan Berat untuk Sampel Tenggelam dalam Formulasi Mengandung
Berbagai Primer Solvent Komponen Perubahan Berat (rata-rata berat awal di
Grams / Rata-rata Berat Akhir di Grams / rata Persen Kenaikan Berat) untuk
Sampel Tenggelam dalam Formulasi Mengandung Mengikuti Primer Solvent
Komponen Contoh D, Contoh D, Contoh D, F Contoh, Contoh F, Contoh F, 3,4Dichloro-4- 3, 4 Dichloro-4- 3, 4-Dichloro-4- Xylenes dan Xylenes dan Xylenes dan
Sampel (Trifluoromethyl) - (Trifluoromethyl) - (Trifluoromethyl) -Acetone
(Campuran), Aseton (Campuran), Aseton (Campuran), benzena, benzena,
benzena, Sedang Sedang awal rata Akhir rata Meningkatkan rata awal rata
Kenaikan Final di Berat Berat (g) Berat (g) di Berat (%) Berat (g) Berat (g) (%)
Buna-N 1. 16 1. 57 35 1. 12 1. 64 46 Neoprene 1. 25 1. 35 8 1. 25 1. 35 8 Cork 0
63 1. 00 59 0 60 0 91 52 EPDM 1,02 1. 13 11 1. 03 1. 07 4 Serat 0 76 0 92 21 0
79 0 86 9 Gore-TexPTFE 0 66 1. 47 123 0 65 0 84 29 NaturalRubber 2. 17 2. 37 2.
18 2. 31 Plain Kembali Cork 0. 23 0 40 74 0 23 0 31 35 Silicone 1. 38 1. 70 23 1.
38 1. 62 17 Viton2.03 2 05 2 01 2 34 16 Contoh G, G Contoh, Contoh G, H

Contoh, Contoh H, Contoh H, N-Methyl N-Methyl N-Methyl sikloheksanol,
sikloheksanol, sikloheksanol, Contoh Pyrrolidone, Pyrrolidone, pirolidon, rata-rata
awal rata Akhir rata Meningkatkan rata awal rata Akhir rata Kenaikan Berat (g)
Berat (g) di Berat ( %) Berat (g) Berat (g) di Berat (%) Buna-N 1. 08 1. 41 31 1.
11 1. 12 1 Neoprene 1. 24 1. 27 2 1. 25 1. 25 0 0 Cork. 62 0 85 37 0 65 0 72 11
EPDM1. 021. 0201. 041.040 Fiber 0 80 0 87 0 77 0 81 Gore-Tex PTFE 0.65 0 66 2
0 66 0 67 2 Karet Alam 2. 25 2. 31 2 19 2 19 Plain Kembali Cork 0 . 23 0 25 25 0
23 0 27 17 Silicone1.36 1. 38 1. 36 1. 37 Viton 1. 91 2. 08 1. 95 1. 95 0 Catatan:
Setiap titik data rata-rata data yang dikumpulkan selama tiga sampel.
Pada Tabel 26, penyerapan berat sampel Buta-N ditentukan dengan metode yang
dijelaskan di atas sehubungan dengan formulasi disiapkan sepanjang garis
Sampel IO, kecuali komponen metil selulosa.
Tabel 26 Perubahan Berat untuk Buta-N Sampel Tenggelam dalam Formulasi
Mengandung n-propil bromida dan Berbagai Alkohol Contoh rata awal rata Akhir
rata Kenaikan Berat (g) Berat (g) di Berat (%) I 1,329 1. 986 49 J 1. 286 1. 850 44
K 1. 288 1. 845 43. 2 L 1. 313 1. 841 40. 2 M 1. 267 1. 783 40. 7 N 1. 327 1. 851
39. 5 01. 2621. 77240 . 4 Kesimpulan berikut diambil dari data ini: Perbandingan
n-propil bromida Formulasi (Contoh A) dengan Methylene Chloride Formulasi
(Contoh E) Rumusan bromide n-propil melakukan lebih baik daripada formulasi
klorida metilen untuk pembengkakan neoprene, EPDM, Gore -Tex PTFE, dan
substrat silikon.
Formulasi bromida n-propil melakukan sekitar serta formulasi klorida metilen
untuk pembengkakan substrat Viton, tapi tak satu pun dari formulasi ini
membengkak Viton substrat secara signifikan.
Meskipun formulasi metilen klorida melakukan lebih baik daripada formulasi npropil bromida untuk pembengkakan Buna-N, gabus, serat, gabus kembali polos,
dan substrat karet alam, bromida n-propil
formulasi membengkak substrat cukup efektif dalam aplikasi ini.
Perbandingan n-propil bromida Formulasi (Contoh A) dengan Formulasi
Berdasarkan Xylenes / Aseton (Contoh F), N- Metil pirolidon (Sample G), dan
sikloheksanol (Contoh H) Rumusan bromide n-propil melakukan lebih baik
daripada tiga lainnya formulasi untuk pembengkakan substrat Buna- N,
neoprene, gabus, EPDM, serat, Gore-Tex PTFE, karet alam, gabus kembali polos,
dan silikon.
'The xilena / aseton dan N-metil pirolidon formulasi tampil lebih baik di
pembengkakan substrat Viton daripada formulasi bromida n-propil.
Baik perumusan bromida n-propil maupun membengkak formulasi sikloheksanol
Viton substrat secara signifikan.
Perbandingan 1-Chloro-2-metilbenzen / 1-Chloro-4- metilbenzen (Campuran)
Formulasi (Contoh B) dengan Methylene Chloride Formulasi (Contoh E) Rumusan
metilbenzen 1-kloro-2-metilbenzen / l-kloro-4- melakukan lebih baik daripada

formulasi klorida metilen untuk pembengkakan neoprene dan EPDM substrat,
dan melakukan sekitar juga di pembengkakan substrat serat.
'Meskipun perumusan metilen klorida melakukan lebih baik daripada formulasi
metilbenzen 1-kloro-2-metilbenzen / 1-kloro-4- untuk pembengkakan Buna-N,
gabus,
Gore-Tex PTFE, karet alam, gabus kembali polos, dan substrat silikon, perumusan
terakhir membengkak substrat cukup efektif dalam aplikasi ini. Tak satu pun dari
formulasi ini membengkak substrat Viton signifikan.
Perbandingan 1-Chloro-2-metilbenzen / 1-Chloro-4- metilbenzen (Campuran)
Formulasi (Contoh B) dengan Formulasi Berdasarkan Xylenes / Aseton (Contoh F),
N- Metil pirolidon (Sample G), dan sikloheksanol (Contoh H) 1-kloro-2metilbenzen / 1-kloro-4- formulasi metilbenzen melakukan lebih baik dari tiga
formulasi lain untuk pembengkakan Buna-N, neoprene, gabus, EPDM, serat,
Gore-Tex PTFE, karet alam, polos kembali gabus, dan silikon substrat.
The xilena / aseton dan N-metil pirolidon formulasi melakukan lebih baik
daripada formulasi metilbenzen / 1-kloro-4-metilbenzen 1-kloro-2-di
pembengkakan substrat Viton. Baik formulasi 1-kloro-2- metilbenzen / 1-kloro-4metilbenzen maupun formulasi sikloheksanol membengkak Viton substrat secara
signifikan.
Perbandingan 1-Chloro-4- (Trifluoromethyl) benzena Formulasi (Contoh C) dengan
Methylene Chloride Formulasi (Contoh E) 1-kloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) formulasi
-benzene melakukan lebih baik daripada-formulasi klorida metilen untuk
pembengkakan Gore- tex PTFE substrat, dan melakukan sekitar juga untuk
bengkak EPDM, serat,
dan substrat Viton. Tak satu pun dari formulasi ini membengkak substrat Viton
signifikan.
Meskipun formulasi metilen klorida melakukan lebih baik daripada 1-kloro-4(trifluoromethyl) formulasi -benzene untuk pembengkakan Buna-N, substrat
neoprene, gabus, karet alam, gabus kembali polos, dan silikon, perumusan
terakhir membengkak Buna-N, gabus, gabus kembali polos, dan silikon substrat
cukup efektif dalam aplikasi ini.
The (trifluorometil) formulasi -benzene-4- 1-kloro tidak membengkak neoprene
atau karet alam substrat secara signifikan.
Perbandingan 1-Chloro-4- (Trifluoromethyl) Formulasi -benzene (Contoh C)
dengan Formulasi Berdasarkan Xylenes / Aseton (Contoh F), N-Metil pirolidon
(Sample G), dan sikloheksanol (Contoh H) 1-kloroform 4- (trifluorometil) formulasi
benzena melakukan lebih baik daripada yang lain tiga formulasi untuk
pembengkakan gabus, EPDM, serat, substrat Gore-Tex PTFE, karet alam, gabus
kembali polos, dan silikon.
The-4- 1-kloro (trifluoromethyl) formulasi benzena melakukan lebih baik daripada

pirolidon dan sikloheksanol formulasi N-metil untuk pembengkakan Buna-N,
neoprene, dan substrat karet alam, dan melakukan sekitar serta formulasi
xilena / aseton untuk pembengkakan Buna N dan neoprene substrat.
The xilena / aseton dan N-metil pirolidon formulasi tampil lebih baik daripada 1kloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) formulasi -benzene untuk pembengkakan substrat
Viton. Baik 1-kloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) formulasi -benzene maupun membengkak
formulasi sikloheksanol Viton substrat secara signifikan.
Perbandingan 1, 2-Dichloro-4- (Trifluoromethyl) Formulasi -benzene (Contoh D)
dengan Methylene Chloride Formulasi (Contoh E) The 1, 2-dikloro-4(trifluoromethyl) formulasi benzena melakukan lebih baik daripada formulasi
methylene chloride untuk pembengkakan Gore-Tex substrat PTFE, dan melakukan
sekitar juga untuk bengkak EPDM, serat, dan substrat Viton. Formulasi tidak
sangat efektif pembengkakan substrat Viton.
Meskipun formulasi metilen klorida dilakukan lebih baik daripada 1, 2-dikloro-4(trifluoromethyl) formulasi -benzene untuk pembengkakan Buna-N, neoprene,
gabus, karet alam, gabus kembali polos, dan silikon substrat, perumusan terakhir
membengkak Buna- N, substrat gabus, gabus kembali polos, dan silikon cukup
efektif dalam aplikasi ini.
1, 2-dikloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) formulasi -benzene tidak membengkak neoprene
atau karet alam secara signifikan.
Perbandingan 1, 2-Dichloro-4- (Trifluoromethyl) Formulasi -benzene (Contoh D)
dan Formulasi Berdasarkan Xylenes / Aseton (Contoh F), N-Metil pirolidon
(Sample G), dan sikloheksanol (Contoh H) The 1, 2-dikloro-4- (trifluoromethyl)
formulasi -benzene melakukan lebih baik daripada yang lain tiga formulasi untuk
pembengkakan gabus, EPDM, serat, Gore-Tex PTFE, karet alam, polos kembali
gabus, dan substrat silikon.
Formulasi xilena / aseton melakukan lebih baik daripada 1, 2-dikloro-4(trifluoromethyl) formulasi -benzene di pembengkakan Buna-N dan Viton
substrat, dan melakukan sekitar serta formulasi yang terakhir di pembengkakan
substrat neoprene.
1, 2-dikloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) formulasi -benzene melakukan lebih baik
daripada N-metil pirolidon dan sikloheksanol formulasi di pembengkakan buna-N,
neoprene, gabus, EPDM, serat, Gore-Tex PTFE, karet alam, polos kembali gabus,
dan silikon substrat.
Formulasi pirolidon N-metil melakukan lebih baik daripada 1, 2-dikloro-4(trifluoromethyl) formulasi -benzene di pembengkakan substrat Viton. Baik 1, 2dikloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) formulasi benzena maupun formulasi sikloheksanol
membengkak Viton substrat secara signifikan.
Metilen Klorida-Free, Non-Methanol Formulasi Formulasi etanol yang

mengandung terduga tetap dalam larutan fase tunggal dan dalam film lama dari
metanol yang mengandung formulasi, setelah pemeriksaan visual.
Penemuan ini menggantikan metilen klorida di cat dan gasket remover produk
dengan salah satu dari beberapa pelarut terhalogenasi organik atau kombinasi
pelarut yang alternatif yang efektif untuk metilen formulasi berbasis klorida
untuk pengupasan cat, dan penghapusan gasket. Meskipun karena karakteristik
solvabilitas hebat nya, metilen klorida sulit untuk mengganti dalam formulasi ini,
pelarut yang digunakan di sini telah terbukti efektif dalam pembengkakan
berbagai gasket substrat bahan bila digunakan sebagai pelarut utama dalam
formulasi ini.
Selain itu, dalam aspek lain, penemuan ini menggunakan cairan organik polar
oksigen, diinginkan orang lain selain. methanol, dalam kombinasi dengan
hidrogen pengental bondable untuk secara sinergis meningkatkan penebalan
formulasi. Peningkatan sinergis ini ketebalan menyediakan untuk tinggal lebih
lama di-paruh waktu karena kesempatan untuk mengurangi formulasi run-off,
dan sebagai memungkinkan tersebut untuk peluang yang lebih besar untuk
pembengkakan bahan, seperti gasket atau cat coating, akan dihapus.
Penemuan ini meluas ke bentuk aerosol dari formulasi ini menggunakan propelan
yang sesuai seperti karbon dioksida, dimetil eter, HFC-134a (1,1,1,2tetrafluoroethane), propelan hidrokarbon (misalnya,
campuran butana, isobutana, dan / atau propana) atau propelan lain yang
sesuai.
Formulasi yang dijelaskan di sini dibandingkan dengan formulasi yang tersedia
secara komersial berdasarkan metilen klorida, xilena dan aseton (campuran),
dan N-metil pirolidon, dan satu formulasi eksperimental berdasarkan
sikloheksanol dalam hal kemampuan mereka membengkak sejumlah jenis bahan
gasket substrat. Perbandingan ini telah menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada formulasi
ini secara konsisten melebihi semua yang lain pada semua substrat, tetapi
beberapa kecenderungan umum yang diamati: 1. Formulasi inventif
mengungguli formulasi berbasis klorida metilen dalam hal pembengkakan
sejumlah substrat, dan dilakukan cukup baik pada substrat yang tersisa untuk
menjadi efektif dalam aplikasi ini. Mengenai substrat terakhir, perbedaan kinerja
antara formulasi metilen klorida dan formulasi yang dijelaskan di sini harus halus
untuk pengamat biasa menggunakan produk ini.
2. Formulasi inventif umumnya mengungguli formulasi tersedia secara komersial
lain berdasarkan khas, pelarut organik Nonhalogenated seperti xilena / aseton
(campuran), dan N-metil pirolidon, dan satu formulasi berdasarkan sikloheksanol.
3. Meskipun formulasi inventif efektif pada pembengkakan berbagai substrat
bahan gasket, mereka muncul untuk menunjukkan kecenderungan umum berikut
untuk efektivitas di pembengkakan kisaran substrat diuji: n-propil bromida
formulasi (Contoh A)> 1-kloro-2 -methylbenzene / 1-kloro-4-metilbenzen

(campuran) formulasi (Contoh B)> 1-kloro-4(Trifluorometil) formulasi benzena (Contoh 1,2- dikloro-4- (trifluoromethyl)
formulasi benzena (Contoh D).
Karena tidak ada pelarut yang digunakan dalam formulasi yang dijelaskan disini
diklasifikasikan oleh EPA mungkin karsinogen manusia, formulasi ini adalah
alternatif yang efektif untuk metilen formulasi berbasis klorida atau formulasi
lain yang mengandung kemungkinan karsinogen manusia untuk menghapus
berbagai cat, pelapis, dan gasket cepat dan efisien.
Ruang lingkup penuh penemuan diukur dengan klaim.

Methylene Chloride-Free and Optionally Methanol-Free Paint Stripper and

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Methylene Chloride-Free and Optionally Methanol-Free Paint Stripper and

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METHYLENE CHLORIDE-FREE AND OPTIONALLY METHANOL-FREE

PAINT STRIPPER AND/OR GASKET REMOVER COMPOSITIONS

Attorney, Agent or Firm:

What Is Claimed Is:

cycloheptanols and combinations thereof.

classifiesmethylene chloride as a Group B2 probable human carcinogen of low carcinogenic

Figure 2 depicts a comparison of n-propyl bromide formulation (Sample A) with formulations

4 Tradename : OXSOL 100 5 Tradename : OXSOL 1000

be used in amounts of about 1 to about 50 percent by weight, desirably in an amount of about 25

Table 5 Commercially Available Methylene Chloride-Based Paint and Gasket Remover

22 0.75 0.86 15 Gore-Tex PTFE 0. 63 1. 10 75 0.67 1.20 79 Natural Rubber 2. 23 2. 73 22 2. 31

1. metilen chloridefree, fase tunggal, cat pengupasan dan komposisi gasket

Dengan demikian, akan diinginkan untuk menggantikan metilen klorida dalam

chloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) benzena). Lihat U. S. Paten No.

Sementara pengental dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan viskositas pelarut

Oleh karena itu terdapat kebutuhan untuk formulasi untuk pengupasan,

Komposisi inventif dapat diterapkan ke permukaan bagian dalam cara yang

Uraian Singkat Gambar Gambar 1 menggambarkan struktur kimia pelarut

Gambar 2 menggambarkan perbandingan formulasi bromida n-propil (Contoh A)

Gambar 4 menggambarkan perbandingan 1-kloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) formulasi

Gambar 5 menggambarkan perbandingan 1,2-dichloro- 4- (trifluoromethyl)

Komposisi inventif didasarkan pada cairan hidrokarbon terhalogenasi, seperti

4 Nama Dagang: OXSOL 100 5 Nama Dagang: OXSOL 1000

60 sampai sekitar 75 persen berat dari komposisi inventif.

Bahan-bahan ini mampu bertindak sebagai donor hidrogen dengan akseptor

meningkatkan kemampuan penebalan baik komponen saja dalam jumlah yang

Contoh yang lebih spesifik dari alkenols hydroxylated termasuk propenols,

Contoh yang lebih spesifik dari cycloalkanols hydroxylated termasuk

Contoh yang lebih spesifik dari cycloalkenols hydroxylated termasuk

Komposisi juga mungkin termasuk surfaktan, terutama di mana komponen akan

Penemuan ini juga diarahkan untuk metode penyusunan komposisi inventif.

Penemuan selanjutnya diarahkan ke metode menghilangkan gasket atau cat

sampai 50 persen berat, diinginkan dalam jumlah sekitar 25 sampai sekitar 35

Cat Tabel 1 Methylene Chloride Bebas dan Gasket Remover Perumusan

* Catatan: Campuran menyeluruh gelisah setelah penambahan masing-masing

Cat Tabel 2 Methylene Chloride Bebas dan Gasket Remover Perumusan

Cat Tabel 3 Methylene Chloride Bebas dan Gasket Remover Perumusan

Chloro-4- ( Trifluoromethyl) -108. 4 1 76,4 benzena Methanol 10,8 2 7,6 Aseton

* Catatan: Campuran menyeluruh gelisah setelah penambahan masing-masing

* Proprietary bahan termasuk pengental, lilin parafin halus, dan surfaktan

38 1. 62 17 Viton2.03 2 05 2 01 2 34 16 Contoh G, G Contoh, Contoh G, H

metilbenzen 1-kloro-2-metilbenzen / l-kloro-4- melakukan lebih baik daripada

The-4- 1-kloro (trifluoromethyl) formulasi benzena melakukan lebih baik daripada

Metilen Klorida-Free, Non-Methanol Formulasi Formulasi etanol yang

formulasi (Contoh A)> 1-kloro-2 -methylbenzene / 1-kloro-4-metilbenzen

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