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BUDGET
KALYANSIR.COM
IN BRIEF:
(NOTE: I am giving a brief description here for your clarity. Read
all the points carefully. This is the gist of the whole chapter. The
same is explained in detail).
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The Cut motions take place during these 26 days with the
permission of the Speaker.
There are 3 types of cut motions like Policy cut, Economy cut
and token cut.
After this all the demands that are voted together will be put
together and presented again in the Lok Sabha, this is called
Appropriation (Expenditure) bill.
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The Rajya Sabha has no power with regard to the Finance bill.
The Finance bill becomes the Finance Act with the consent of
the President.
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This is a year for which all the income and expenditure of the
government is calculated.
In India the financial begins on April 1 and ends on March 31.
The financial year may vary from one country to another.
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As India is a federal country the financial aspect is also divided between the Union and
the states.
Hence the state budgets are separate from that of the central budget.
The central budget itself is of 2 types.
Railway budget
General budget
The Railway budget consists of the estimates of revenue (income) and expenditures of
Ministry of Railways.
The General budget consists of estimates of revenue and expenditure of all the ministries
of the government of India except Railways.
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PLEASE NOTE:
The budget is presented in the form of a bill.
The budget is presented first in Lok Sabha only.
The budget is presented only with the prior permission of the
President.
The Railway budget is presented first.
The General budget follows the railway budget.
In general the Railway budget is presented by the Railway
Minister.
The general budget is presented by the Finance Minister.
The Railway budget contains 32 demands.
The General budget contains 109 demands.
Out of 109 demands in the General budget
v 103 are civil demands
v 6 are defense demands
The Rajya Sabha has no powers regarding the budget.
The Rajya Sabha should return the money bill within 14 days.
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The President shall in respect of every financial year cause to be laid before both the
houses of the Parliament a statement of estimated receipts and expenditure of the
government of India for that financial year. (This means that the responsibility of
presentation of budget lies with the President of India).
No demand for a grant shall be made except on the recommendation of the President.
No money shall be withdrawn from the consolidated fund of India except under
appropriation made by law.
No money bill imposing tax shall be introduced in the Parliament except on the
recommendation of the President and such a bill shall not be introduced in the Rajya
Sabha.
Article 265: No tax shall be levied or collected except by the authority of law.
Parliament can reduce or abolish a tax but cannot increase it.
The Constitution also provides the relative positions of both the houses of the Parliament
with regard to the enactment of the budget.
A money bill or finance bill dealing with taxation cannot be introduced in the Rajya
Sabha.
A money bill or finance bill must be introduced only in the Lok Sabha.
The Rajya Sabha has no power to vote on the demand for grants and it is the exclusive
power of the Lok Sabha.
The Rajya Sabha should return the money bill or finance bill within 14 days.
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The Lok Sabha can either accept or reject the recommendations made by the Rajya
Sabha.
The estimates of expenditure embodied in the budget shall show separately the
expenditure charged on the Consolidated Fund of India and the expenditure made from
the Consolidated Fund of India.
The budget shall distinguish expenditure on revenue account from the other expenditure.
Expenditure charged.
Expenditure Made.
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Consideration and Passing the finance Bill (Tax proposals or income bill)
GENERAL DISCUSSION:
This is the 2nd step in the enactment of the budget.
In general 3 to 4 days are allotted to the general discussion.
The general discussion takes place in both the houses of the Parliament.
During this stage the budget is discussed as a whole or any part of it.
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At the end of the discussion the Finance Minister gives the reply.
NOTE: After the general discussion the house is adjourned for 3 to 4 weeks. During this
time the budget is examined by the 24 standing committees of the Parliament. And the
committees submit the report to the Parliament.
VOTING ON DEMAND FOR GRANTS:
WHAT IS A DEMAND?
Demand is a proposal.
The voting on demand for grants takes place only in the Lok Sabha.
26 days are allotted for the voting on demand for grants.
The voting is confined only to the Expenditure Made part of the budget.
NOTE: In the previous page it is explained what is Expenditure made and Charged
expenditure.
EXPENDITURE MADE: This is discussed and voted.
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The expenditure charged on the consolidated fund of India is only discussed and this is
not subject to vote.
All the 141 demands (General budget 109 + Railway Budget 32) are presented.
All the 141 demands are voted separately by the Lok Sabha.
This is the statge the Lok Sabha discuss the details of the budget.
The Speaker allots the time for each demand.
Within the time specified by the Speaker the discussion on the demand must be
completed and the demand is put to vote.
Once the allotted time is over the speaker announces the closure.
Closure means the demand must be put to vote as the allotted time is over.
In general all the demands are not discussed and voted within the allotted 26 days.
Guillotine: This is voting group of demands together that are not discussed.
At the end of the 26th day all the demands that are not discussed are put to vote together
by the Speaker.
During voting on demand for grants Cut Motions are introduced.
Generally the cut motions are introduced by the opposition party members.
The Cut motions are meant to reduce any demand for grant.
CUT MOTIONS:
There are three kinds of cut motions.
Policy Cut
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Economy Cut
Token Cut
All cut motions are introduced only during the voting on demand for grants.
The cut motions are introduced, if the Speaker accepts them.
The cut motions are generally introduced by the members of the opposition parties.
Since the government enjoys the majority in Lok Sabha the cut motions are not passed.
If the cut motions are passed in the Lok Sabha that is an expression of no confidence on
the government.
If a cut motion is passes the government must resign.
POLICY CUT:
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QUICK REVIEW:
Note: As we know the budget contains two parts Income and expenditure. The income
and expenditure are presented, discussed and passed separately in the form of 2 different
bills, Appropriation (expenditure) bill and finance (Income) bill. These two bills form 4th
and 5th steps in the enactment of the budget.
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put together in the form of a bill and is called the appropriation bill.
The appropriation bill contains
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VOTE ON ACCOUNT:
This is mentioned under Article 116 of the Indian Constitution
Vote on Account is an advance granted in respect to the estimated expenditure for a
part of the financial year, pending the completion of the voting of the demands for grants
and enactment of the appropriation bill.
As we know that the financial year in India begins on April 1 and ends on March 31.
The expenditure and tax collection of a particular financial year must take place during
this period only.
But, starting from the day of introduction of the budget in the Parliament (last working
day of February) by the time it becomes Act, it goes on till the end of the April.
Note: The Financial year begins on April 1.
The government needs money to carry on its activities after March 31.
Please Note: The previous year money if it is available also it cannot be used because of
the Rule of Lapse.
The Vote on account is passed by the Lok Sabha after the completion of general
discussion.
The vote on account is granted for 2 months.
The vote on account is equivalent to 1/6th of the total estimation.
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Vote of Credit
Supplementary grant
Additional grant
Excess grant
Exceptional grant
Token grant
VOTE OF CREDIT:
SUPPLEMENTARY GRANT:
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This is granted when the amount authorized by the Parliament through the appropriation
act for a particular service for the current financial year is found to be insufficient for that
year.
ADDITIONAL GRANT:
EXCESS GRANT:
EXCEPTIONAL GRANT:
TOKEN GRANT:
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The token grant is meant for transfer of funds from one head to the other.
This is called re-appropriation.
The token grant involves no additional expenditure.
Article 266
Article 266
Article 267
The Consolidated fund of India is mentioned under Article 266 of the Indian
Constitution.
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India.
What forms the Consolidated Fund?
All loans raised by the government of India by the issue of treasury bills, loans or
ways means of advances.
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