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Selection of Material
and Shape
Jayant Jain
Assistant Professor,
Department of Applied Mechanics,
IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, 110016
Recap
Introduced the importance of shapes in materials
selection
Characterization of material shape: shape factor,
measure of efficiency of material usage, independent
of size and material
Derived shape factors:
Elastic bending of beams
Elastic twisting of shaft
Introduced Shape efficiency charts: contours of
shape factors, displays influence of shape on
performance
Failure in twisting
Why limits??
Shaping could increase the value of I by 64X if steel was used in the
construction of a beam with a square cross-section; if wood was used,
the maximum increase would be 9X
Materials: engineering, science, processing and design, 2nd edition Copyright (c)2010 Michael Ashby, Hugh Shercliff, David Cebon
Microscopic shape
So far we have seen that the macroscopic shapes can be
utilised to increase efficiency
Efficiency can be achieved in another way: through shape on
a small scale; microscopic or micro-structural shape
Microstructured material can be thought of as new materials:
It has density, strength etc. e.g. wood
The added efficiency is characterized by a set of microscopic
shape factors
Microscopic shape
Micro
Cells
Rings
Fibres
Plates