01.

THE WORLD OF THE MOVIES

Q.1

Describe the early movies. What was the photography like? How did
the people in the film move?

Ans. The early movies were very crude. The photography was poor, the people in
the movie moved in a fast and jerky way, and the pictures flickered. These
movies were short, and the stories they told were simple.
Q.2

Why was Hollywood chosen as a natural place for making movies?

Why was sunshine important for making movies in the early years

Ans. Hollywood was a natural place for making movies because the sun shines
there nearly everyday. In the early years, most movies were made outdoors
with natural light and not indoors with artificial light.
Q.3

Why did the talkies bring in new actors and cause the retirement of
others?

Ans. In the late 1920s the talkies came. Movies had found a voice. This change
brought many actors and actresses into the film industry. Some of the stars of
the silent films those whose voices were not well trained had to retire.

02. SHAKESPEARE : ENGLANDS GREATEST PLAYWRIGHT

Q.1

What are some of the subjects that Shakespeare wrote about?

Ans. Shakespeare wrote variety of plays and his subjects were diverse. Some of
his plays were comedies, some were tragedies, and some were historical
plays, drawn from events in English, Scottish, Roman, and Greek history.
Q.2

What are the names of some of Shakespeares characters? Is their

appeal English or International? Why?

Ans. The names of some of Shakespeares characters are Hamlet, Macbeth,

Othello, Romeo and Juliet etc. Their appeal is universal because people,
everywhere in the world, can recognize themselves and find their problems in
them.
Q.3

What aspect of Hamlets character is mentioned in the reading? Of

Macbeths? Of Othellos?

Ans. Shakespeare had the gift of understanding universal human nature. His
characters represent the deepest and truest emotions common to all of us.
Hamlet stands for indecision; Othello for jealousy and Macbeth for excessive
ambition.

04. THE ART OF SKYSCRAPERS

Q.1

When and why was there an increased demand for taller buildings in
the United States? What limited the height of buildings before the
development of the steel frame?

Ans. When American cities grew larger, in the late nineteenth century, the land fell
short and became expensive. Hence, there was an increased demand for
taller buildings. Before the development of steel frame, the weight and low
strength of stone and brick limited the height of buildings.
Q.2

How did many of the early architects plan the first skyscraper? How
did Sullivans design revolutionize the appearance of the
skyscraper?

Ans. The early architects planned the first skyscraper by simply stretching the
older building forms upwards. Sullivan was dissatisfied with it. He believed
that form of a building grows out of its use. He replaced the broken, solid
walls of previous buildings with sheer, straight, transparent screens of stone
and glass over the steel frame. Thus, he revolutionized the appearance of
skyscraper.
Q.3

What did Frank Lloyd Wright believe about designing business

buildings?

Ans. Frank Lloyd Wright believed that designing buildings for business might
become genuine architecture and be as beautiful as standardization in steel,
metals and glass. To prove his point he built his suburb skyscraper for the
Johnson Wax Company.

05. WHO USES ENGLISH?

Q.1

The author says If A, then B is true for English. Why do

Englishmen tend to identify people with language? In what countries
it would not be true?

Ans. The People of England are called English and they speak English. That is
why Englishmen think that peoples national identity and language are
interchangeable. But, there are many counties in the world where people
have different words for national identity and their language, for example,
people of Pakistan are Pakistani but their national language is not Pakistani
but Urdu.
Q.2

The author says there is danger in saying If B, then A. What is the

danger?

Ans. If B then A means one might make the mistake of identifying people with
their language. For example people who speak Spanish may be Mexican and
not Spaniard. The danger is that ones national identity may differ from ones
language.
Q.3

The author says it is possible to have a language in common and yet

to have political independence and national indentity. What does he
mean? Try to find examples to support his argument countries that
use Spanish, Arabic etc

Ans. There are many people in the world whose national identity is independent of
their language. For example people of Libya, Egypt, Syria and Palestine speak
Arabic language in common, still they have their distinct political and national
identity and they prefer to be called Libyans, Egyptians and Syrians.