Seminar7X865

BuildingTypesI:Museum

1. Chronologicalorder(keymuseums)
2. Spatialthemes
3. Bibliography

Chronologicalorderofkeymuseums

Disclaimer:thehistoryofalargenumberofmuseumsisvastandcomplex(e.g.Louvre,Residenz,
etc.)withmanyinterventions(thatmayormaynotbeofinterest).Therefore,thislistshouldbe
consideredageneraloutlineinsteadofafullydetailedresource.

Louvre
Architects:
RaymondduTemple/PierreLescotandJeanGoujon/PhilibertDelorme/LouisMtezeauand
JacquesIIAndrouetduCerceau/JacquesLemercier/LouisLeVau/GianLorenzoBernini/Claude
Perrault/CharlesdeWailly/CharlesPercierandPierreFranoisLonardFontaine/
FlixDuban/LouisViscontiandHectorLefuel/HectorLefuel/IeohMingPei/J.M.Wilmotte
Year:
DuTemple(13641369)
LescotandGoujon(15461560)
Delorme(15641572)
MtezeauandDuCerceau(15951610)
Lemercier(1639)
LeVau(16601664)
Bernini(1665)
Perrault(16671672)
DeWailly(1793)
PercierandFontaine(18041811)
Duban(18481851)
ViscontiandLefuel(18521857)
Lefuel(18611869)
Pei(19831989)
Wilmotte(20002006)
Location:
Paris(FR)

MuseiCapitolini(PalazzoSenatorio/PalazzodeiConservatori/PalazzoNuovo/Galleria
Congiunzione/Aymoninoswing)
Architects:MichelangeloBuonarroti/CarloAymonino
Year:Buonarroti(15361546,executionoftheplanspanscenturiesopentothepublicin1734)/
PalazzoNuovo(16031654accordingtoBuonarrotisdesign)/Aymonino(19972005)
Location:Rome(IT)

GalleriadegliUffizi
Architect:GiorgioVasari
Year:15601581
Location:Florence(IT)

MnchnerResidenz
Architects:
JacopoStradaandSimonZwitzel/FriedrichSustris/HansKrumper/HenricoZuccalli/Joseph
EffnerandFranoisCuvillistheElder/JohannBaptistGunetzrhainerandFranoisCuvillisthe
Elder/CharlesPierrePuilleandAndresGrtner/KarlvonFischer/LeovonKlenze/FranzJakob
KreuterandAugustvonVoit/FranzSeitz/JuliusHofmann
Year(becamemuseumin1918):
StradaandZwitzel(15681571)
Sustris(15811600)
Krumper(16001616)
Zuccalli(16801685,16931704)
EffnerandCuvillistheElder(17261730,17261737)
GunetzrhainerandCuvillistheElder(17461748,17511755,17601763)
PuilleandGrtner(17991816)
VonFischer(18111825)
VonKlenze(18261842)
KreuterandVonVoit(1854)
Seitz(18661869)
Hofmann(1897)
Location:
Munich(DE)

MenshikovPalace()
Architects:FrancescoFontana,JohannGottfriedSchdel,DomenicoTrezzini,Carlo
BartolomeoRastrelli,GeorgJohannMattarnoviandJeanBaptisteLeblond
Year:17101727
Location:St.Petersburg(RU)

Kunstkamera()
Architect:GeorgJohannMattarnoviandMikhailZemtsov
Year:17191727
Location:SaintPetersburg(RU)

Nationalmuseet
Architect:NicolaiEigtved
Year:(completedbyEigtvedaround17431744)
Location:Copenhagen(DK)

WinterPalace(op)
Architects:DomenicoTrezzini/GeorgJohannMattarnovi/FrancescoBartolomeoRastrelli/Ivan
StarovandGiacomoQuarenghi/CarlodiGiovanniRossi/VasilyStasovandAlexanderBryulov
Year:17541762(constructionofcurrentWinterPalace)
Rastrelli(17541762)
StarovandQuarenghi(178792)
Rossi(1826)
StasovandBryulov(18301840)
Location:St.Petersburg(RU)
(1stWinterPalace:DomenicoTrezzini(17111712),2nd:GeorgJohannMattarnovi,3rd:Francesco
BartolomeoRastrelli(17311735))

SmallHermitage()
Architect:YuriVelten/JeanBaptisteVallindelaMothe/AndreyStackenschneider
Year:Velten(17641766)/VallindelaMothe(17671769)/Stackenschneider(1858)
Location:St.Petersburg(RU)

TheGreat(Old)Hermitage(())
Architect:YuriVelten/GiacomoQuarenghi
Year:Velten(17711787)/Quarenghi(1792)
Location:St.Petersburg(RU)

MuseodelPrado
Architect:JuandeVillanueva/JosRafaelMoneoValls
Year:DeVillanueva(17851854)(opentopublicin1819)/Moneo(20012007)
Location:Madrid(ES)

SirJohnSoanesMuseum(collecting)
Architect:SirJohnSoane
Year:17921837(manyphasesofbuilding/reconstruction,establishedasamuseumin1837)
Location:London(UK)

Glyptothek
Architect:LeovonKlenze
Year:18161830
Location:Munich(DE)

AltesMuseum
Architect:KarlFriedrichSchinkel
Year:18231830
Location:Berlin(DE)

BritishMuseum
Architects:SirRobertSmirke/SydneySmirke/SirJohnTaylor/SirJohnJamesBurnet/John
RussellPope/FosterandPartners/RogersStirkHarbourandPartners
Year:
R.Smirke(~18231853)
S.Smirke(18541857)
Taylor(18821885)
Burnet(1905)
Pope(19311939)
FosterandPartners(19942000)
RogersStirkHarbourandPartners(20092014)
Location:
London(UK)

AltePinakothek
Architects:LeovonKlenze/HansDllgast
Year:18261836(original,VonKlenze)/19521957(reconstruction,Dllgast,duetoseveredamage
WWII)
Location:Munich(DE)

NationalGalleryLondon
Architects:WilliamWilkins/SirJamesPennethorne,SirCharlesBarry,SirJohnTaylor/Robert
VenturiandDeniseScottBrown
Year:
WilliamWilkins(18321838)
Pennethorne(18601861)
Barry(18721876)
Taylor(18841887)
VenturiandScottBrown(19881991)
Location:
London(UK)

ThorvaldsensMuseum
Architect:MichaelGottliebBindesbll
Year:18391848
Location:Copenhagen(DK)

NeuesMuseum
Architects:FriedrichAugustStler(18411866)/DavidChipperfield(renovation,19972009)
Year:18411866(alreadyopentopublicin1855)
Location:Berlin(DE)

NewHermitage()
Architect:LeovonKlenze
Year:18421851
Location:St.Petersburg(RU)

Nationalmuseum
Architect:FriedrichAugustStler
Year:18441866
Location:Stockholm(SE)

Gemldegallerie(Sempergalerie)
Architect:GottfriedSemper
Year:18471854
Location:Dresden(DE)

NationalGalleryEdinburgh
Architect:WilliamHenryPlayfair
Year:18501859
Location:Edinburgh(UK)

WallrafRichartzMuseum
Architects:JosefFelten/RudolfSchwarzandJosefBernard/PeterBusmannandGodfridHaberer/
OswaldMathiasUngers
Year:Felten(18541861)/SchwarzandBernard(19551957)/BusmannandHaberer(19761986)/
Ungers(19962001)
Location:Kln(DE)

MetropolitanMuseumofArt
Architects:CalvertVauxandJacobWreyMould/RichardMorrisHuntandRichardHowlandHunt/
KevinRocheJohnDinkelooandAssociates
Year(opentopublicin1880):
CalvertVauxandJacobWreyMould(18661872)
RichardMorrisHuntandRichardHowlandHunt(1902)
KevinRocheJohnDinkelooandAssociates(19711991)
Location:
NewYorkCity,NY(USA)

AlteNationalgalerie
Architect:FriedrichAugustStler
Year:18671876
Location:Berlin(DE)

Rijksmuseum
Architects:PierreCuypers(18761885)/AntonioCruzVillalnandAntonioOrtizGarca(CruzyOrtiz)
(renovation,20032014)
Year:18761885(opentopublicin1885)
Location:Amsterdam(NL)

NaturhistorischesMuseumWien
Architects:GottfriedSemperandKarlvonHasenauer
Year:18711891
Location:Vienna(AT)

NyCarlsbergGlyptotek
Architect:VilhelmDahlerup/HackKampmann/HenningLarsen
Year:Dahlerup(18801883)/Kampmann(18901895)/Larsen(19911996)
Location:Copenhagen(DK)

HerzogAntonUlrichMuseum
Architects:OskarSommer/LehmannArchitekten
Year:OskarSommer(18831887)/LehmannArchitekten(20082010)
Location:Braunschweig(DE)

ScottishNationalPortraitGallery
Architect:SirRobertRowandAnderson
Year:18851890(opentopublicin1889)
Location:Edinburgh(UK)

BodeMuseum
Architect:ErnstvonIhne
Year:18971904
Location:Berlin(DE)

Mused'Orsay(transformedfromGaredOrsayintoMused'Orsay)
Architects:
Gared'Orsay:LucienMagne,mileBnardandVictorLaloux(consultationcompetition),final
designbyVictorLaloux
Mused'Orsay:M.Bardon,M.ColbocandM.Philippon,GaeAulenti
Year:Laloux(18981900),Bardon,ColbocandPhilippon(19771986),Aulenti(19811986)
Location:Paris(FR)

GalleriaNazionaled'ArteModerna
Architect:CesareBazzani
Year:19101911(expandedoncemorebyBazzaniin1933)
Location:Rome(IT)

PergamonMuseum
Architects:AlfredMesselandLudwigHoffmann
Year:19101930
Location:Berlin(DE)
Note:perhapscompetitionprojectofO.M.Ungersin2000isofinterest

LiljevalchsKonsthall
Architect:CarlBergsten
Year:19141916
Location:Stockholm(SE)

KrllerMllerMuseum
Architects:HenryvandeVelde(19211938,extension1953)/WimQuist(extension,19691977)
Year:19211938
Location:Otterlo(NL)
Interestingdetail:designofVandeVeldewasthewinningentryofacompetitionissuedbythe
coupleKrllerMller.DesignsofBerlage,BehrensandMiesvanderRohewererejected.

PinacotecaVaticana
Architect:LucaBeltrami
Year:19221932
Location:Rome(IT)

KunstmuseumBasel
Architect:RudolfChristandPaulBonatz
Year:19321936
Location:Basel(CH)

LundsKonsthall
Architect:KlasAnshelm
Year:19541957
Location:Lund(SE)

NationalMuseumofWesternArt(KokuritsuSeiyBijutsukan)
Architects:CharlesdouardJeanneretGris(LeCorbusier),KunioMaekawa,JunzoSakakura,
TakamasaYoshizaka
Year:19571959
Location:Tokyo(JP)

GuggenheimMuseum
Architect:FrankLloydWright
Year:19561959
Location:NewYorkCity,NY(USA)

AmonCarterMuseumofAmericanArt
Architect:PhilipJohnson
Year:19591961
Location:FortWorth,Texas(USA)

NeueNationalgalerieBerlin
Architect:MiesvanderRohe
Year:19621968
Location:Berlin(DE)

WhitneyMuseumofAmericanArt
Architects:MarcelBreuer,HamiltonSmith
Year:19631966
Location:NewYorkCity,NY(USA)

KimbellArtMuseum
Architect:LouisI.Kahn
Year:19661972
Location:FortWorth,Texas(USA)

YaleCenterforBritishArt
Architect:LouisI.Kahn
Year:19691974(openedin1977tothegeneralpublic)
Location:NewHaven,Connecticut(USA)

MuseumAbteibergMnchengladbach
Architect:HansHollein
Year:19721982
Location:Mnchengladbach(DE)

NeuePinakothek
Architects:FriedrichvonGrtnerandAugustvonVoit/AlexanderRaimundFreiherrvonBranca
Year:18461853(original,destroyedbuilding)/19751981(newbuildingbyFreiherrvonBranca)
Location:Munich(DE)

MuseodeArteRomano
Architect:JosRafaelMoneoValls
Year:19811985
Location:Mrida(ES)

MuseumfrModerneKunst
Architect:HansHollein
Year:19871991
Location:FrankfurtamMain(DE)

Bonnefantenmuseum
Architect:AldoRossi
Year:19921995
Location:Maastricht(NL)

Addendum#1:MuseumsinselBerlin(thinkofcurrentalterationsinMasterPlanMuseumsinselof
Chipperfield)

1.AltesMuseum
Architect:KarlFriedrichSchinkel
Year:18231830
Location:Berlin(DE)

2.NeuesMuseum
Architects:FriedrichAugustStler(18411866)/DavidChipperfield(renovation,19972009)
Year:18411866(alreadyopentopublicin1855)
Location:Berlin(DE)

3.AlteNationalgalerie
Architect:FriedrichAugustStler
Year:18671876
Location:Berlin(DE)

4.BodeMuseum
Architect:ErnstvonIhne
Year:18971904
Location:Berlin(DE)

5.PergamonMuseum
Architects:AlfredMesselandLudwigHoffmann
Year:19101930
Location:Berlin(DE)
Note:perhapscompetitionprojectofO.M.Ungersin2000isofinterest

Addendum#2:HermitageSt.Petersburg(,)

1.WinterPalace()
Architects:DomenicoTrezzini/GeorgJohannMattarnovi/FrancescoBartolomeoRastrelli/
IvanStarovandGiacomoQuarenghi/CarlodiGiovanniRossi/VasilyStasovandAlexander
Bryulov
Year:17541762(constructionofcurrentWinterPalace)
Rastrelli(17541762)
StarovandQuarenghi(178792)
Rossi(1826)
StasovandBryulov(18301840)
Location:St.Petersburg(RU)
(1stWinterPalace:DomenicoTrezzini(17111712),2nd:GeorgJohannMattarnovi,3rd:
FrancescoBartolomeoRastrelli(17311735))

2.SmallHermitage()
Architect:YuriVelten/JeanBaptisteVallindelaMothe/AndreyStackenschneider
Year:Velten(17641766)/VallindelaMothe(17671769)/Stackenschneider(1858)
Location:St.Petersburg(RU)

3.TheGreat(Old)Hermitage(())
Architect:YuriVelten/GiacomoQuarenghi
Year:Velten(17711787)/Quarenghi(1792)
Location:St.Petersburg(RU)

4.MenshikovPalace()
Architects:FrancescoFontana,JohannGottfriedSchdel,DomenicoTrezzini,Carlo
BartolomeoRastrelli,GeorgJohannMattarnoviandJeanBaptisteLeblond
Year:17101727
Location:St.Petersburg(RU)

5.HermitageTheatre()
Architect:GiacomoQuarenghi
Year:17831787
Location:St.Petersburg(RU)

6.GeneralStaffBuilding()
Architect:CarlodiGiovanniRossi
Year:18201830
Location:St.Petersburg(RU)

7.NewHermitage()
Architect:LeovonKlenze
Year:18421851
Location:St.Petersburg(RU)

Addendum#3:PaperarchitecturefromtheFrenchNeoClassicists

Firstgeneration:Blondel,Boffrand,LeGeay,...
Secondgeneration:Ledoux,Lequeu,Boulle,...
Thirdgeneration:Durand,...

MuseumJ.N.L.Durand.

MuseumE.L.Boulle.

Addendum#4(curiosum):

MuzeumWarszawy(formerMuzeumHistorycznem.st.Warszawy)
Architects:unknown
Year:originaldatesunknown(museumestablishedin1936)
Location:Warsaw(PL)

Spatialthemes

ParalleltothedescriptionofthechronologicaldevelopmentoftheMuseumasapublicbuildingtypea
numberofspatialthemesshallbeexplored.Thethemestobedistilledmayillustrateconstantsinthe
formationofthetypeaswellastransformationsaccordingtochangingideasregardingitsnature.

AselectionofMuseawillbedrawnandanalyzedinordertodescribeformalprinciples,specificaswellas
typicalregardingtheMuseumasabuildingtype.Thecomparative(typomorphological)analysiswillinclude
thefollowingaspects(nonlimited):
1context:
urban/landscapemorphologyandtopography,plotstructure,access
2exterior:
volumetriccomposition,thresholds,compositionofthefacade(representation)
3interior:
primaryconstruction,publicrouting,spatialandfunctionalorganisation(presentation),
spatialcomposition:proportion,hierarchy,sequence,etc.

Spatialthemes(impulse):

elementsofthespatialstructure:
_corridor
_rotunda
_enfilade
etc.

spatialorganization/structure:
_singular,undirectedrooms
_directedsequencesofrooms
_matrixlikearrangementofrooms
_freeparcours
_Raumplan
_openplan
_etc.

seealso:
PaulvonNarediRainer:MuseumBuildings(2004)
archplus179,O.M.UngersArchitekturlehre(2006)

ORDER3

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