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Tp ch Ha hc, T. 48 (1), Tr.

56 - 60, 2010

NH HNG CA CHT BIN I CU TRC


TI TNH CHT C L CA BLEND TRN C S
CAO SU NITRIL BUTADIEN V CAO SU CLOPREN
n Ta son 19-5-2009
1

TRN KIM LIN , LNG NH HI2, PHM TH TRINH3,


NGUYN QUANG KHI2, QUANG KHNG2
1
V Khc hc v Cng ngh, B Cng thng
2

Vin Ha hc, Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Vit Nam

Vin Ha hc Cng nghip Vit Nam, B Cng thng


abstract

In this paper, nitrile butadiene (NBR)/chloroprene (CR) blends added compatibilizers (made
from Cashew nut shell liquid - DLH order tung oil-D01) were prepared for improving the
mechanical properties, environmental resistance and the thermal stability of material. The
characterization of the mechanical properties was performed according to the Vietnamese
Standards. The thermal stability, the morphology of the materials depending on the blend
composition were investigated by the thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron
microscopy (SEM). The results show that blend NBR/CR (50/50) added 1% compatibilizers
(specially DLH) are better compatible, well-dispersed and compact structure are obtained. The
mechanical properties, environmental resistance and the thermal stability of the materials were
considerablely improved.

I - M u
Vt liu cao su blend trn c s cao su
nitilbutadien (NBR) vi cao su clopren (CR) c
tnh nng c l k thut kh cao bi n khc
phc c nhng yu im v phi hp c u
im ca hai cao su thnh phn [1, 2]. T nhng
nghin cu ca mt s tc gi cho thy rng,
blend trn c s NBR/CR vi t l khong 50/50
c tnh nng c l, k thut cao [3]. Mt khc,
qua thc t nghin cu chng minh c rng
t l ny, blend NBR/CR c kh nng tng
hp vi nhau tt hn cc t l khc [4].
nng cao hn na cc tnh nng c l, k thut
cho vt liu ny, chng ti tip tc s dng mt
s cht bin i cu trc, lm tng hp bin
tnh vt liu ny.
56

II - Vt liu v phng php


nghin cu
1. Vt liu nghin cu
thc hin nghin cu ny, n pha ch
cho vt liu gm cc thnh phn c bn sau:
- NBR loi Kosyl KNB35L ca Hn
Quc; CR l loi Skypren B5 ca hng Toson
(Nht Bn).
- Cc cht n v ph gia gm: cht n
than cc cht n than en N330 HAF; phng
lo A, phng lo D ca Trung Quc; ioxit silic
ZEOSIL 155, lu hunh ca hng Sae Kwang
Chemical IND. Co. Ltd (Hn Quc); oxit km
Zincollied; xc tin DM, xc tin D, axit stearic

ca PT. Orindo Fine Chemical (Indonesia).


- Cht bin i cu trc lm tng hp gm
DLH (du v ht iu bin tnh phenol
fomandehit), D01 (t du tru) c tng hp ti
Phng Cng ngh Vt liu Polyme, Vin Ho
hc, Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Vit Nam.
2. Phng php nghin cu
Trn c s n pha ch c bn t cao su
NBR/CR vi t l 50/50 v cc ph gia khc c
nh, chng ti cho thm 1% cht bin i cu
trc lm tng hp. T hp vt liu c ch to
trn my cn trn v to mu trn my p lu ha
(c hai my th nghim ny u ca hng
TOYOSEIKI- Nht Bn). My cn c ng
knh trc 7,5 cm, chiu di trc l 16 cm, tc
trc chm l 7,5 vng/pht v t tc l 1,2. Cc
mu vt liu th nghim c lu ho p sut 6
kg/cm2 trong khong thi gian l 25 pht v nhit
l 165oC.
Tnh cht c hc ca vt liu c xc nh
theo tiu chun hin hnh ca Vit Nam.
bn bc x nhit m c nh gi theo tiu
chun ASTM D4587-91 thc hin trong thit b
th nghim UVCON ca hng ATLAS (M).
Bin i cu trc b mt vt liu c xc nh
bng phng php hin vi in t qut (SEM)

thc hin trn my JMS 5300 ca hng Jeol


(Nht Bn); H s gi ha c xc nh theo
tiu chun TCVN 2229-77 trong t sy
Memmert (c) 100oC trong thi gian 72 gi;
bn nhit c xc nh bng phng php
phn tch nhit trng lng (TGA) thc hin
trn my phn tch TGA-TA50 ca hng
Shimadzu (Nht Bn).
III - Kt qu v tho lun
Vt liu cao su blend NBR/CR (t l 50/50)
c tnh nng c l, k thut kh cao, song c
th ci thin hn na cc tnh nng ny, mt s
cht tng hp DLH (t du v ht iu) hoc
D01 (t du tru) c s dng vi hm lng
1% cho vo hp phn vt liu. Nhng kt qu
nghin cu nh hng ca cc cht tng hp
ti tnh cht c l, bn thi tit ca vt liu
c trnh by trong cc mc di y.
1. nh hng ca ca cht bin i cu trc
ti tnh cht c hc ca vt liu
Kt qu nghin cu nh hng ca cht bin
i cu trc, lm tng hp ti tnh cht c hc
ca vt liu cao su blend NBR/CR (50/50) c
trnh by trong bng 1.

Bng 1: nh hng ca qu trnh bin tnh ti tnh cht c hc ca vt liu


bn ko
t, MPa

dn di khi
t, %

mi mn,
cm3/1,61 km

cng,
Shore A

NBR/CR

21,56

538

0,782

69,0

NBR/CR/D01

23,83

580

0,727

68,0

NBR/CR/DLH

24,22

598

0,685

69,0

Tnh cht
Mu vt liu

Nhn thy rng, khi c mt ca cht bin i


cu trc cc tnh cht c hc ca vt liu c ci
thin, song vi cng hm lng (1%) cc cht
bin i cu trc khc nhau c mc ci thin
tnh cht c hc cho vt liu khc nhau. Vi s
c mt ca cht tng hp l D01 lm bn ko
t, dn di khi t, ca vt liu tng ln,
cng v mi mn gim, song s ci thin ny
khng cao bng vt liu c DLH. Nh vy, i
vi h blend NBR/CR c hai cht bin i cu

trc, lm tng hp ( s dng) u c tc dng


tch cc n tnh cht c hc ca vt liu, trong
DLH c tc dng tt hn. iu ny c th gii
thch do DLH l sn phm ng trng ngng ca
cacdanol, phenol vi fomandehit, khi c mt
trong t hp, ngoi tc dng lm tng tng hp
cho cc cu t, DLH cn tham gia qu trnh khu
mch vi cc cu t cao su [5]. Chnh v vy
lm tng tnh nng c hc cho vt liu mnh hn
l D01.
57

2. nh hng ca ca cht bin i cu trc


ti bn nhit ca vt liu
nh gi kh nng bn nhit ca vt liu

trong qu trnh bin tnh, chng ti tin hnh


phn tch mu vt liu trn my phn tch nhit
TGA TA50. Nhng kt qu nghin cu, c
trnh by trong bng di y.

Bng 2: Kt qu phn tch nhit trng lng mt s mu vt liu


Nhit bt u
phn hu, oC

Nhit phn hu
mnh nht 1, oC

Tn hao khi lng n


475oC, %

Mu
NBR

377,62

434,03

43,164

CR

240,16

260,03

49,281

NBR/CR (50/50)

330,06

356,54

36,80

NBR/CR/DHL
NBR/CR/D01

331,93
332,86

356,72
356,15

37,49
38,92

Ch tiu

tt t l phi hp 50/50 (k c c v khng c


cht bin i cu trc, lm tng hp), chnh v
vy m bn nhit ca vt liu tng khng
nhiu khi c thm cht bin i cu trc, lm
tng hp.
3. nh hng ca ca cht bin i cu trc
ti bn mi trng ca vt liu

Nhn thy rng, NBR c nhit phn hy


cao hn hn so vi CR (c nhit bt u
phn hy v phn hy mnh nht giai on 1.
Khi phi hp hai vt liu vi nhau, nhit bt
u phn hy v phn hy mnh nht giai
on 1 ca blend u tng ln mnh (so vi CR
nhng li gim so vi NBR). Khi c thm cht
bin i cu trc, nhit bt u phn hy ca
vt liu tip tc tng thm mt cht do vt liu
c cu trc u n v cht ch hn (iu ny
c chng minh qua kt qu nghin cu cu
trc hnh thi bng knh hin vi in t qut)
[4]. Mt kt qu ng lu , cc mu blend
trn, ch c mt cc i phn hy giai on
u chng t hai cao su ny tng hp nhau kh

bn mi trng (thi tit) ca vt liu


c nh gi thng qua th nghim gia tc bc
x nhit, m. Kt qu c nh gi thng qua
s bin i cu trc b mt v tnh cht c hc
ca vt liu sau khi th nghim. Trn cc hnh
di y l nh chp b mt ca mt s mu vt
liu trc v sau 10 chu k th nghim.

Hnh 1: nh SEM b mt mu vt liu NBR


sau khi th nghim

Hnh 2: nh SEM b mt mu vt liu


NBR/CR (50/50) sau khi th nghim

58

Hnh 3: nh SEM b mt mu vt liu NBR/CR/DLH sau khi th nghim


Nhn thy rng, sau khi th nghim bc x
nhit m 120 gi (10 chu k) mu vt liu NBR
b rn nt (hnh 1) trong khi mu
NBR/CR (50/50) v c bit l mu blend
NBR/CR c thm cht bin i cu trc DLH
cha thy c hin tng b ph hy trn b mt

(hnh 2 v 3).
khng nh thm v kh nng bn mi
trng ca vt liu, h s gi ha 100oC sau
thi gian 72 gi ca vt liu c xc nh theo
TCVN 2229-77. Kt qu thu c c th c
trnh by trong bng sau.

Bng 3: H s gi ha ca vt liu sau 10 chu k th nghim bc x nhit,


m v 100oC sau 72 gi ca vt liu
Vt liu

H s gi ha
(bc x, nhit, m) sau 10 chu k

H s gi ha 100oC sau 72
gi

NBR

0,85

0,75

NBR/CR (50/50)

0,93

0,85

NBR/CR/DLH (50/50/1)

0,95

0,88

T nhng kt qu trn cho thy rng, vi tc


ng ca bc x, nhit, m cng nh ca nhit
(trong mi trng khng kh) h s gi ha
ca vt liu blend NBR/CR (50/50), nht l khi
c thm 1% cht bin i cu trc, lm tng
hp cao hn hn so vi vt liu NBR. iu ny
c th gii thch do s che chn ca cu t CR
ngn chn cc tc ng ca mi trng vo vt
liu. Mt khc, s c mt ca nhm phenyl cng
nh ankylphenol trong thnh phn ca DLH cn
c kh nng lm n nh quang, n nh nhit
cho vt liu cho vt liu [6].
IV - Kt lun
T nhng kt qu nghin cu thu c cho

thy rng vt liu cao su blend NBR/CR phn


no tng hp vi nhau t l 50/50 c cu trc
kh u n v cht ch, c cc tnh nng c l,
k thut kh tt.
Khi c thm tc nhn bin i cu trc, lm
tng hp, c bit l cht tng hp c ch
to t du v ht iu (DLH) lm cho cc cu
t phn tn vo nhau tt hn, vt liu c cu trc
cht ch hn v do vy cc tnh nng c l, c
bit l bn mi trng, thi tit tng ln ng
k.
Vt liu cao su blend NBR/CR t l 50/50
c thm 1% cht bin i cu trc, lm tng
hp c tnh nng c l, k thut p ng yu cu
ch to giong m cho my bin th cng nh
59

cc sn phm cao su k thut c yu cu bn


du m v thi tit khc.
Cng trnh hon thnh vi s h tr v ti
chnh ca Chng trnh nghin cu c bn
trong khoa hc t nhin v UBND Thnh ph
H Ni, xin chn thnh cm n.
Ti liu tham kho
1. Chang Kee Kang and Byung Kyu Kim.
Polymer (Korea), Vol. 15 (4), 459 - 464
(1991).
2. H. Botros Samir, F. Younan Adel, M. Essa
Mohamed. Molecular crystals and liquid
crystals science and technology, Section A,
Molecular crystals and liquid crystals, Vol.
354, 409 - 420 (2000).
3. E. M. Abdel-Bary, W. Von Soden , F. M.

Lin h: Quang Khng


Vin Ha hc,
Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Vit Nam
18 Hong Quc Vit, Cu Giy, H Ni.

60

4.

5.

6.

7.

Helaly.
Polymers
for
Advanced
Technologies, Vol. 11(1), 1 - 8 (2000).
Quang Khng v cc ng tc gi. Bo
co tng kt ti cp thnh ph H Ni
"Nghin cu ch to v ng dng vt liu
cao su blend trong lnh vc k thut cao
thay th hng nhp ngoi"; 14 - 29, H Ni,
thng 10-2008.
Nguyn Vit Bc. Keo dn k thut; Nxb.
Qun i nhn dn; trang 14-21, H Ni
(2003).
R. Gaechter, H. Mueller. KunststoffAdditive; 3. Ausgabe; S. 180-340; Carl
Hanser Verlag Muenchen Wien (1989).
Quang Khng, Trn Kim Lin, Lng
Nh Hi, Quang Minh. VAST Proceedings
International
Scientific
Conference on Chemistry for Development
and Integration, 960-968, Hanoi (2008).

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