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BROTHER JONATHAN'S
10.09.2007
WHAT_REALLY_KILLED_THE_DINOSAURS
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Usually not discussed at all, in what may have happened during the K-T
Boundary event, is that not just animals such as dinosaurs were affected, but
also an extreme and vast change in the plant lifeforms of earth also occurred
at that same time.
Prior to the K-T shift nearly all of the plants were gymnosperms. In
general these are non-flowering non-seed-bearing plants like ferns. fern trees,
and fern palms, or needled trees such as redwoods or pines trees. These plants
are also called "evergreens" since these plants seem the same, or green, all
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year round. They are not seasonal plants. These primitive plants do have a
simple form of seed or spore but without any protective covering. The name
gymnosperm means naked-seed.
After the K-T boundary, most of the vast variety of new plant forms were
angiosperms. These are the flowering plants, which either completely die each
year and regrow each spring from seeds dropped the previous year. Or if it is
a large tree, the leaves are completely dropped and new growth comes from
new leaves and flowering portions of the tree each spring. The seeds of
angiosperms have hard coverings or casings which can tolerate hot arid
drying desert heat and even cold freezing, then still sprout the next year. The
name angiosperm means covered-seed.
What this means is that after the K-T boundary, the new predominant
lifeforms, both plants and animals, were the ones which could tolerate wide
changes in the seasons from winter to summer. But before the K-T boundary,
the plants and animals had no means to respond to seasonal changes. But what
causes seasonal changes? They are caused by the tilt of the earth.
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One of the new clues is that during the 1980's ocean-going prospecting
ships took a survey of the ocean beds of earth looking for minerals and oil.
The ocean bottom samples they brought back all showed that the ages of
almost all the lava-like SIMA material which makes up all the ocean beds are
no older than about 65 million years old. This was a surprising result but
seems to have been largely ignored by the scientific community.
What that means is that prior to 65 million years ago there probably was
a thick rocky continental layer of SIAL which uniformly and completely
covered the whole earth like an onion skin, just as on all the other planets and
moons in our solar system. Then about 65 million years ago something tore
away about three fourths of that rocky SIAL continental material and exposed
the hot SIMA asthenosphere below. That newly exposed hot asthenosphere
cooled and became the new ocean beds. The point in time at which the basaltic
SIMA material was exposed and cooled is indicated by their present age of 65
million years or less.
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The earth's geologic record still has much more information readily
available which can tell us the answer to that question. The problem is putting
all of the various pieces of scientific evidence together into one self-consistent
hypothesis.
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geologic record.
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time, during the P-T or Permian-Triassic boundary, nearly 95% of all life
in both the oceans and on the land simply disappeared. Why? What was the
CAM event that caused the "Great Dying?"
And by that same CAM process with planet earth doing its imitation of
Tara Lipinski routines, the earth continued to change until 65 million years
ago at the K-T boundary, the dinosaurs along with three fourths of the rocky
continental layer on the earth's surface all suddenly disappeared. We are now
ready to put all the pieces of the geologic record evidence together to find out
what really killed the dinosaurs.
THE EARTH IS BORN: The Smelting of Iron and Removing the Dross
Ignoring for the moment how it got here, the earth at its beginning was in
orbit around the sun and was spinning on its axis. This seems to have occurred
about 4.5 billion years ago. At that time the earth was almost perfectly layered
like an onion, just like the other planets in the solar system. Each layer lighter
and less dense going outward from the center. As the earth cooled for some
billions of years, a firm surface crust was formed on the outside and the earth
began to shrink.
This is like heating raw iron ore in a vessel until it melts. The impurities
are usually lighter and float on the surface of the molten iron. As the vessel
with the hot metal cools, the impure dross solidifies into a crust on the surface
and can be scooped off the top. That is how most metallic ores are purified
and smelted. As it cools the metallic ore also shrinks.
The shrinkage of earth was caused for two reasons. Almost any hot metal
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will shrink when cooled. The core of the earth is hot metal. Also over time,
gases in the interior of the earth will leak out into the atmosphere. This is
similar to letting air out of a balloon and the balloon shrinks. Just as with ice
skater Tara Lipinski pulling in her arms, as the earth shrank, it spun around
faster and faster. What happens when the earth spins faster?
As the earth spins faster, the centrifugal force along the equator increases.
This is the same force that points away from the center, as when you swing a
bucket of water around you and the water stays in the bucket. The centrifugal
force holds the water in the bucket. So what happens to the earth?
It becomes oblate because of the outward centrifugal force around the
equator. And oblate means it becomes fatter around the middle, compared to
the distance around the poles. Another example is to look at the two pictures
of skater Tara Lipinski
as she begins her rapid
spin. While she is
spinning, her skirt is
thrown
outward
by
centrifugal so that it is
almost standing straight
out. Compare that to her
skirt
when
she
is
stopped. So while Tara is
spinning, a part of her,
her tutu skirt, becomes
"fatter" around the
middle. Many a Lipinski
fan paid good money just
to watch Tara become
"oblate" around the
Fig. 8) A geometric model of an Oblate Spheroid. This is created middle.
when a spherical body rotates very quickly and the equatorial region
The sun, and the
becomes fatter. In the Solar System, the planet Saturn is the most
outer
planets, Jupiter
oblate with an equator 10 percent larger than the polar distance.
and
Saturn,
are
measurably oblate, since they rotate fast enough for the centrifugal force to
make them fat around the middle. But those bodies are mostly gas so
becoming oblate is easy. But the earth is mostly a hard solid metallic ball. So
how does earth become oblate?
THE EARTH BECOMES OBLATE: The Bowling Ball versus The Soccer
Ball
If you spin a bowling ball faster and faster it will not get fat around the
middle. It is just too hard and solid to change shape. If you spin a soccer ball
faster and faster it will begin to flatten out and get fat around the middle. It's
hard to make a model of a bowling ball inside a soccer ball to make a model of
earth. So we can pretend using a bowling ball which is covered with a layer of
soft clay around the ball, and then spin the ball and clay faster and faster.
What will happen is that the clay will begin to slowly migrate to the
equator of the spinning bowling ball. This also happened to the earth about 2
billion years ago. The rocky lithosphere of earth slid toward the equator on
the hot fluid layer of molten asthenosphere. This caused the rocky lithosphere,
like the clay on the bowling ball, to be squeezed together and build up into a
thick ring along the equator.
Like the soft soccer ball, the earth's rocky lithosphere floating on the fluid
asthenosphere became thicker around the middle and the earth appeared to
became oblate. But it was really only the material along the earth's surface
around the equator that changed shape. The earth's highly compressed solid
core and lower mantle, like the solid bowling ball, did not change shape.
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VISITING THE PLANETS: Many Moons Ago and the Inverse Bode's
Law
A little further calculation can show that almost all of the moons in our
solar system were ejected from their parent planet by this very same process.
It is a natural part of the aging and evolution of planetary systems. As a
rotating planet cools, it spins faster and faster, becoming oblate and unstable.
It releases a moon from the oblate surface, just like Tara Lipinski putting out
her arms to slow down her spin, decreasing the planet's rotation rate and it
becomes stable again. This may be repeated with the larger planets. After a
long time, the larger planets continue to cool and shrink and release another
moon. The larger the planet the more moons it produces to become stable.
A mathematical proof involves the observation of the Inverse Bode's Law.
The Inverse Law shows that the spacing of each of the planets from outward
to inward is about 62 percent of the distance of the next outer planet. The
Inverse Bode's Law also holds true for the major moons of the solar system,
including the formation of a broken ring or asteroid system after the third or
fourth planet or moon inward.
The moons also show the same pattern of three or four large regularly
spaced moons, a ring system and then several smaller regularly space moons
which follow the "law" inside the ring system. Many other smaller atypical
moons give away the fact that they are randomly "captured" intruders, and
don't follow the "law", since they are very tiny and usually rotate out of the
plane of the ecliptic and may even rotate backwards.
That amount of regularity, symmetry and following the same "law" in
both the planets of the solar system and the moon systems around the planets
cannot be accounted for by the random formation of planets and moons out of
a primordial nebula of dust around a star. But using the principle of
Conservation of Angular Momentum (CAM), and the observation that the
planets and moons are using Tara rotation routines to transfer angular
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momentum from one body to another can account for the regular spacing,
spin rates and relative sizes of the planets and moons. If that is accurate for
the other planets and moons, then surely it would also account for the
formation of earth's moon.
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dragonflies were flying, but today even or 5 story building. Decades ago museums
the largest are much smaller than a half displayed models and pictures showing
animals dragging their heavy tails.
foot in size. The Reynold's Number ratio is these
But evidence from fossil foot prints shows
10 to one. Prior to the K-T event, 60 ton no evidence of tail dragging. Thus they
dinosaurs walked around, while today the walked with the tails high in the air to
biggest walking animals are only about 6 balance their long necks. That would only
necessary if they ran very swiftly.
ton elephants. The Froud Number ratio is be
Pictures such as this, looking like slow
10 to one. A quick use of the Reynold's and moving giants, like elephants, probably are
Froud Numbers would show that prior to not accurate. The small running animals
here are probably more correctly
the K-T event the net force of gravity along shown
shown.
the equator was only about 1/10th of what it
is today on earth.
From that ratio of ten to one, you can easily calculate the earth's rotation
rate of about 7 hours to produce a net gravity of only about 1/10g. That's
almost half of the present day gravity on the moon. As a human being with
that small gravity force on earth, you could easily lift cars with one hand, leap
tall buildings and wear a big red S on your shirt. The earth was a very
different place just prior to the K-T boundary event.
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herder. But to be a true farmer and use agriculture, you need to know the
exact length of the year to be able to know when to plant your crops the next
year. I will explain and prove that in detail later.
So Bishop Usher was wrong. People who believe in the "young earth" are
wrong, based on a mistaken translation by a Bishop who was not a scientist. A
Bishop who didn't understand the scientific and historical meaning of Genesis
5, which documents the "evolution" of ancient cultures from huntergathering-herding societies, into full-fledged agricultural societies which need
a proper 365 day solar calendar to survive.
2.) EVOLUTION: Charles Darwin was also very wrong. Evolution by
"natural selection" was not the process which created the myriad lifeforms
that now exist on earth. There is plenty of evidence which can prove that. The
one item of critical evidence to prove that Darwin's Evolution is not correct is
that after 150 years of diligent searching, not one, no, not even one example of
a missing link or any intermediate species form has ever been discovered. But
that is exactly what is needed to show Darwin's evolution theory was correct.
Since no intermediate species have ever been found, therefore Darwin's
gradual evolution theory by "natural selection" is shown to be false.
Thus the arguments for both sides of the heated debate between "creation
vs evolution" are non-starters. They are BOTH wrong. It's like two blind
people arguing over the color of the sky or the sun. Neither side can prove the
other side is correct or incorrect. It is a useless debate and a waste of time. I
won't mention the number of angels on heads of pins as another example of
useless philosophical debates.
Actually, creation and evolution are also BOTH correct, to some degree.
Not in anyway that most people believe -- but just enough to fool both sides
into thinking that they each might actually be correct.
Every 1 to 2 million years, the magnetic field of the earth reverses the
north and south magnetic poles. The earth itself does not reverse - just the
magnetic field. During the reversal process, the earth's magnetic field, which
usually acts as a shield protecting lifeforms from intense solar X-rays, gamma
rays, and deadly dangerous ionizing particle radiation, suddenly disappears.
The deadly intense solar radiation is momentarily allowed to strike the surface
of the earth.
Within hours, about 99 percent of all life on earth is instantly killed by the
intense radiation. Those few 1 percent of survivors, hidden in caves, in holes in
the earth, or under water are highly deformed, damaged and mutated by the
intense radiation causing direct damage to the DNA molecules in their
reproductive cells. But the radiation damage is not visible in those survivors,
but it is clearly seen in their direct offspring.
Within months or a year, or less than one generation, the surviving
mutants which may or may not still be viable, may be able to reproduce. This
results in multitudes of numerous competing similar but highly modified
mutant lifeforms. Then and only then, does Darwin's evolution process of
"natural selection," enter the scene, to cull the less able or disabled mutant
forms to be lost to history, while the strong survivors with many new
adaptable traits become numerous new species. The new species were
suddenly "created" by the intense radiation within one generation.
Example: About 1 million years ago, during the last magnetic field
reversal, one species, Saber Tooth tigers, were extremely irradiated and in less
than a year became, modern lions, tigers, pumas, ocelots, bobcats, pussycats
and numerous other feline species. None of the new species was ever seen
before the massive radiation event at the magnetic field reversal. Darwin's
"evolution" didn't and couldn't do all of that within several years. But that is
what the geologic record shows -- almost instantaneous "creation" of many
new species by intense random radiation with no intermediate "missing link"
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