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Dos coches, uno movido a alcohol y otro a gasolina (considere C8H18 como componente principal
de la gasolina) consumen 50 litros de los respectivos combustibles para recorrer una cierta
distancia. Considerando que todo el combustible fue consumido en los dos coches. Cul coche
libera ms CO2 en la atmosfera?
Datos:
C2H5OH = 46g/mol,
C8H18 = 114g/mol,
CO2 = 44g/mol
Densidad del alcohol = 0,80kg/L
Densidad da gasolina = 0,70kg/L
Ecuacin de combustin completa do alcohol no balanceada: C2H5OH + O2 CO2 + H2O
Ecuacin de combustin completa da gasolina no balanceada: C8H18 + O2 CO2 + H2O
Question 3
A woman has organized his birthday party with her best friends in her basement. The basement
has the dimension: 2.75 m 2.0 m 2.0 m. The birthday cake candles had an equal number of
the age of the lady. Each candle had a mass of 1.55 g of paraffin. The candles were burned entirely
following a complete combustion reaction. After completion of the combustion, the percentage
of carbon dioxide (by volume) in the basement measured in the environmental conditions has
increased 0.88%. Consider that this increase has resulted exclusively from the complete
combustion of the candles.
Information: Paraffin: C22H46 and consider molar volume of the gases under normal conditions
of pressure and temperature of 22 L.mol-1.
a) Write the equation of the complete combustion of the paraffin.
b) Calculate the amount of carbon dioxide in moles in the basement after combustion.
c) What is the age of the woman? Justify with calculations
Una seora ha organizado su fiesta de cumpleaos con sus mejores amigas en el stano de su casa
que meda 2.75 m 2.0 m 2.0 m. La torta de cumpleaos tena un nmero de velas igual la
edad de la seora. Cada vela tena una masa de 1.55 g de parafina. Las velas fueron quemadas
por entero siguiendo una reaccin de combustin completa. Despus de terminada la combustin,
el porcentaje de gas carbnico (en volumen) en el stano medido en las condiciones ambientales
ha aumentado de 0.88%. Considere que ese aumento ha sido resultado exclusivo da la combustin
completa de las velas.
Informacin: Parafina: C22H46 y considere volumen molar de los gases en las condiciones
normales de presin y temperatura 22 L.mol1
a) Escribir la a ecuacin de combustin completa de la parafina.
b) Calcule la cantidad de gas carbnico en moles en el stano despus de la combustin.
c) Cul es la edad la seora? Ensee los clculos.
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Question 4
The destruction by chemical weapons is one of the biggest fears of today's society. Among the
most feared chemical agents are VX and mustard gas stands. The performance of the mustard gas
is due to the reaction with water to produce HCl responsible for the irritation of the skin, eyes and
respiratory system.
On the basis of the following reaction:
Cl CH2CH2 S CH2CH2 Cl +2HOH HO CH2CH2 S CH2CH2 OH + 2HCl
(Mustard gas)
(Hydrochloric gas)
Assuming a yield of 100% in the process, what is the volume of hydrochloric gas in
environmental conditions obtained from 1 ton of mustard gas?
La destruicin en masa por armas qumicas constitu uno de los mayores temores de la sociedad
actual. Entre los ms temidos agentes qumicos se destaca el VX y el gas mostaza. La
denominacin gas mostaza fue debida al color semejante del condimento y a su efecto picante
sobre la piel. La actuacin de ese gas se debe a su reaccin con el agua produciendo HCl, el
responsable por la irritacin de la piel, de los ojos y del sistema respiratorio.
As, con base en la ecuacin:
Cl CH2CH2 S CH2CH2 Cl +2HOH HO CH2CH2 S CH2CH2 OH + 2HCl
(Gas mostaza)
(Gas clorhdrico)
Suponiendo un rendimiento de 100% en el proceso, Cul es el volumen del gas clorhdrico en
las condiciones ambientales obtenido a partir de 1 tonelada de gas mostaza?
Question 5
From the earliest times the man has wanted to fly. Recently this desire has been done. The man
has not only imitated the birds, but has also reached the space. A spacecraft is equipped with
3 cylindrical tanks. Two tanks containing hydrogen (H2) and the other tank contains oxygen (O2).
The energy required to remove the spacecraft is obtained from the reaction between these two
elements (H2 + O2). If the total amount of the 2 tanks of hydrogen (sum of the 2 tanks) is 1.46
106 liters, what would be the minimum oxygen tank capacity in liters to respect the stoichiometry
of the reaction between H2 and O2? Consider: density of 0.071 g/cm3 for hydrogen and 1.14 g/cm3
for oxygen.
Desde los tiempos primitivos el ser humano ha deseado volar. Recientemente ese deseo ha sido
realizado. El hombre no solamente ha imitado los pjaros, sino tambin ha llegado al espacio.
Una nave espacial es equipada con 3 tanques cilndricos. Dos tanques contienen hidrgeno (H2)
y el otro tanque contiene oxgeno (O2). La energa requerida para despegar esa nave espacial es
obtenida de la reaccin entre esos dos elementos (H2+O2). Si la cantidad total de los 2 tanques de
hidrogeno (suma de los 2 tanques) es 1.46 106 litros, Cul sera la capacidad mnima del tanque
del oxgeno en litros para respetar la estequiometria de la reaccin entre el H2 y O2? Considere:
densidad de 0.071 g/cm3 para el hidrogeno y 1.14 g/cm3 para el oxgeno.
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Question 6
In an iron vessel with 5 L of air (21% O2 and 79% N2) is introduced until reach a pressure of 0.1
atm and 239C. Assuming that all the oxygen reacts and that the only possible reaction is the
oxidation of iron to iron oxide (II). Calculate:
a) The grams of iron oxide (II) formed.
b) The final pressure in the container.
c) The temperature at which the container should be heated to reach a final pressure of 0.1 atm
Information:
Patom(O) = 16 u; Patom(Fe) = 55,8 u; R = 0,082 atm L mol1 K1; Fe + O2 FeO; M (FeO)
= 71,8 g mol1; T = 273 + 239 = 512 K.
El gas cianhdrico (HCN) es un gas toxico que mata por asfixia. El uso de esa sustancia en la
cmara de gas en los Estados Unidos ocurra de acuerdo con la reaccin no balanceada abajo:
H2SO4 + KCN K2SO4 + HCN
Partiendo de 24,5g de cido sulfrico con 90% de pureza, Cul es el volumen obtenido de gas
cianhdrico en las CNTP?
Datos:
Masas molares en g/mol:
H = 1,0; S = 32; O = 16; C = 12; N = 14; K = 39. Volumen molar de gas en las CNTP = 22,4L/mol
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Question 8
Acetylene is a gas less dense than air used especially. Once it is burned in pure oxygen atmosphere
produces a high temperature blue flame. The industrial process of obtaining acetylene can be
shown by the equation:
CaC2 + 2H2O C2H2 + Ca(OH)2
Knowing that 100 g of calcium carbide reacts with sufficient amounts of water to obtain 24.6 g
of acetylene determine the reaction yield.
Information: atomic mass: H = 1u, C = 12u, 16u and O = Ca = 40u
El acetileno es un gas menos denso de que el aire empleado especialmente como combustible una
vez que cuando es quemado en atmosfera de oxgeno puro produce una llama azul de elevada
temperatura. El proceso industrial de obtencin del acetileno puede ser demostrado por la
ecuacin:
CaC2 + 2H2O C2H2 + Ca(OH)2
Sabiendo que 100g de carburo de calcio reacciona con cantidades suficiente de agua para la
obtencin de 24.6 g de acetileno determine el rendimiento de la reaccin.
Datos: masas atmicas: H = 1u, C = 12u, O = 16u y Ca = 40u
Question 9
A man exhales about 25 moles of carbon dioxide per day on your breathing. The accumulation
of carbon dioxide in closed environments may make impossible the living beings to survive, and
it is necessary to control its level in the atmosphere. During the first nonstop balloon trip meters
around the Terra, in 1999, the level of carbon dioxide in the cabin of the balloon was controlled
by the use of solid lithium hydroxide. In the process, reaction occurs between the lithium
hydroxide and carbon dioxide, forming solid lithium carbonate and water as products.
a) Write the balanced equation of the reaction between lithium hydroxide and carbon dioxide.
b) Calculate the mass of lithium hydroxide (molar mass = 24 g / mol) needed to react with all
exhaled carbon dioxide in the breath of a man per day. Assume that the absorption reaction of
carbon dioxide occurs with 100% yield.
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Question 10
In an open container to the atmosphere with volumetric capacity equal to 2.24 liters, under normal
conditions of temperature and pressure is placed a mass of 0.36 g of graphite. The vessel was
closed and, with the aid of a lens focusing the sunlight on the graphite a reaction is started with
the oxygen present in the container occurring only CO2 production. Assume that all the oxygen
has been consumed in the reaction.
a) Write the chemical equation for the reaction.
b) What is the amount of CO2 formed in moles?
c) What is the pressure inside the container when the system is cold to the initial temperature?
Justify.
En un recipiente abierto atmosfera con capacidad volumtrica igual a 2,24 litros, en las
condiciones normales de temperatura y presin se ha colocado una masa de 0,36 g de grafito. El
recipiente ha sido cerrado e, con el auxilio de una lente focalizando la luz solar sobre el grafito
se ha iniciado la reaccin con el oxgeno presente en el recipiente ocurriendo la produccin
solamente de CO2. Asuma que todo el oxgeno presente tenga sido consumido en la reaccin.
a) Escriba la ecuacin qumica de la reaccin.
b) Cul es la cantidad de CO2 formada en moles?
c) Cul ser la presin en el interior del recipiente cuando el sistema sea resfriado hasta la
temperatura inicial?
Justifique.
Question 11
The ingestion of sodium chloride is essential in the diet. However, its excesses cause problems
such as hypertension. The recommended ingestion for an adult is between 1100 to 3300 mg of
Na per day. It is possible to prepare a meal with: 100g agrion salad (33 mg Na), 100 g of yogurt
(50 mg Na) and a creamy cheese (750 mg Na) to be eaten with a slice of integral bread (157 mg
of Na)
a) What percentage of the minimum daily requirement of sodium is ingested with this meal?
b) How many grams of sodium chloride should be added to the meal for the ingestion of the
maximum sodium recommended intake?
La ingestin de cloruro de sodio en la alimentacin es esencial. Sin embargo excesos causan
problemas como hipertensin. El consumo aconsejado para un adulto es entre el rango de 1100 a
3300 mg de Na por da. Es posible preparar una comida con: una ensalada con 100 g de agrin
(33 mg de Na), 100 g de yogurt (50 mg de Na) y un queso cremoso (750 mg de Na) para ser
consumida con una rodaja de pan de trigo integral (157 mg de Na)
a) Qu porcentual de la necesidad diaria mnima de sodio ha sido ingerido en la comida?
b) Cuntos gramas de cloruro de sodio deberan ser aadidos en la ensalada para el consumo
mximo de sodio aconsejado?