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P N
Thang
im
Cu I (1,5 im)
1. Cu hnh electron ca:
Fe (Z=26): 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d6 4s2 hoc [Ar]3d64s2
Fe 2+:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d6
3+
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5
Fe :
(Nu TS vit ng 2 cu hnh cng cho im)
2. Tnh cht ha hc chung ca cc hp cht st (II) l tnh kh: Fe 2+ - 1e = Fe 3+
4 Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2 H2O = 4 Fe(OH)3
2 FeCl2 + Cl2 = 2 FeCl3
Tnh cht ha hc chung ca cc hp cht st (III) l tnh oxi ha: Fe 3+ + 1e = Fe2+
hay Fe 3+ + 3e = Fe
2 FeCl3 + Fe =o 3 FeCl2
t
2 Fe + 3 CO2
Fe2O3 + 3 CO
(Th sinh c th ly v d khc, nu ng vn cho im)
to
2 FeCl3 (A)
3. * St chy trong kh clo: 2 Fe + 3 Cl2
- Ha A vo nc c dung dch. Ly vi ml cho tc dng vi dd AgNO3, c kt ta
Ag + + Cl - = AgCl
trng chng t c Cl-:
- Lp li th nghim vi thuc th l dung dch kim, c kt ta nu chng t c
ion Fe3+:
Fe 3+ + 3 OH - = Fe(OH)3 (nu )
to
* Nung hn hp (Fe v S): Fe + S
FeS (B)
- Cho B vo dung dch H2SO4 long hoc HCl c kh mi trng thi chng t c ion
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T B iu ch A:
to
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to
xt , t o
HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH
xt,t o
n CH2=CH
OCOCH3
[ CH2-CH ] n
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OCOCH3
polivinyl axetat
xt , t o
n H2N-(CH2)6-COOH
b)
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[ HN-(CH2)6-CO ]n
t enang
+ n H2O
HOOC-CH2-CH2-CH-COOH + H2SO4
COOH
NH2
HOOC-CH2-CH2-CH-COOH + 2 NaOH
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NaOOC-CH2-CH2-CH-COONa + 2 H2O
NH2
NH2
Cu IV (1,5 im)
1. * iu ch phenol:
3 HC
CH
600 oC
Fe
C6H6 + Cl2
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C6H5Cl + HCl
0
pcao ,t cao
C6H5Cl + NaOH ( c )
C6H5OH + NaCl
C6H5NO2 + 6 H
* iu ch PVC:
HC
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Fe,HCl
CH + HCl
n CH2=CH
Cl
xt
xt,t o
C6H5NH2 + 2 H2O
H2C=CHCl
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[ CH2-CH ] n
Cl
* iu ch cao su Buna:
CuCl, NH Cl
4
2 HC CH
Pd
CH2=CH- C CH + H2
Na
n CH 2=CH-CH=CH2
CH2=CH- C
CH
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CH2=CH-CH=CH2
( CH2-CH=CH-CH2 )
n
(TS c th vit phn ng iu ch cao su Buna thng qua giai on to ru etylic)
Br
+
NH 2
3 Br 2
Br
+
3 HBr
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Br
Cu V (2 im)
1. Phn ng nhit nhm:
to
2y Al + 3 FexOy
y Al2O3 + 3x Fe
(1)
Hn hp thu c sau p (1) tc dng vi NaOH cho H2, phn ng li xy ra hon
ton, chng t Al cn d v FexOy tc dng ht.
B Hn hp thu c sau p (1) gm: Al2O3, Fe, Al (d)
- Phn 1 + dd HNO3 un nng:
Al2O3 + 6 HNO3
2 Al(NO3)3 + 3 H2O
(2)
Fe
+ 4 HNO3
Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2 H2O
(3)
Al(NO3)3 + NO + 2 H2O
(4)
Al (d) + 4 HNO3
- Phn 2 + dd NaOH d:
Al2O3 + 2 NaOH
2 NaAlO2 + H2O
(5)
2 Al + 2 NaOH + 2H2O
2 NaAlO2 + 3 H2
(6)
Fe khng phn ng. Do khi lng st phn 2 l 2,52 gam
2. Xc nh FexOy v m:
Gi: - s mol kh NO sinh ra do phn 1 phn ng vi HNO3 l n1
- s mol kh NO sinh ra nu cho phn 2 phn ng vi HNO3 l n2
- khi lng phn 1 l m1, phn 2 l m2
- phn 2:
Theo (6): nAl = (2/3). n H 2 = (2/3) . (3,696/22,4) = 0,01 mol
nFe = 2,52 : 56 = 0,045 mol
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- phn 1:
Theo (3), (4): n1 = n Fe (phn 1) + n Al (phn 1) = 3,696 : 22,4 = 0,165 mol
Nu cho phn 2 tc dng vi dd HNO3 nh phn 1 th s mol NO thu c s l:
n2 = n Fe (phn 2) + n Al (phn 2) = 0,045 + 0,01 = 0,055 mol
V phn 1 v phn 2 c cng thnh phn (Al2O3, Fe, Al) nn:
m1
0,055
n1
n2
=
=> m2 = m1
= 14,49 .
= 4,83 gam
m2
n2
n1
0,165
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0,045
3x
n Fe
=
=
y
0,02
n Al2O3
x
3
=
y
4
=>
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0,1 ->
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HCOO-CH2
2.
(HCOO)3C3H5 + 3 HOH
3 HCOOH + C3H5(OH)3
- Trung ha hn hp sau phn ng thy phn bng mt lng d dung dch kim
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2 C3H5(OH)3 + Cu(OH) 2
CH2-O
O-CH2
Cu
CH-O
O-CH +
HH
CH2-OH HO-CH2
2H2O
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(Nu TS nhn bit tng cht axit fomic v glixerin theo cch sau th vn c im:
- Nhn bit HCOOH bng phn ng vi Ag2O trong dd NH3 to kt ta Ag kim loi
HCOOH + Ag2O NH
3 2 Ag + CO2 + H2O
- Nhn bit C3H5(OH)3 bng phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 to thnh dd xanh lam
2 C3H5(OH)3 + Cu(OH) 2
CH2-O
O-CH2
Cu
CH-O
O-CH +
HH
CH2-OH HO-CH2
2H2O