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B Gio dc v o to

K thi tuyn sinh i hc, cao ng nm 2002


P N V THANG iM CHNH THC i HC
MN THI: Ho hc - Khi B

P N

Thang
im

Cu I (1,5 im)
1. Cu hnh electron ca:
Fe (Z=26): 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d6 4s2 hoc [Ar]3d64s2
Fe 2+:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d6
3+
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5
Fe :
(Nu TS vit ng 2 cu hnh cng cho im)
2. Tnh cht ha hc chung ca cc hp cht st (II) l tnh kh: Fe 2+ - 1e = Fe 3+
4 Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2 H2O = 4 Fe(OH)3
2 FeCl2 + Cl2 = 2 FeCl3
Tnh cht ha hc chung ca cc hp cht st (III) l tnh oxi ha: Fe 3+ + 1e = Fe2+
hay Fe 3+ + 3e = Fe
2 FeCl3 + Fe =o 3 FeCl2
t
2 Fe + 3 CO2
Fe2O3 + 3 CO
(Th sinh c th ly v d khc, nu ng vn cho im)
to
2 FeCl3 (A)
3. * St chy trong kh clo: 2 Fe + 3 Cl2
- Ha A vo nc c dung dch. Ly vi ml cho tc dng vi dd AgNO3, c kt ta
Ag + + Cl - = AgCl
trng chng t c Cl-:
- Lp li th nghim vi thuc th l dung dch kim, c kt ta nu chng t c
ion Fe3+:
Fe 3+ + 3 OH - = Fe(OH)3 (nu )
to
* Nung hn hp (Fe v S): Fe + S
FeS (B)
- Cho B vo dung dch H2SO4 long hoc HCl c kh mi trng thi chng t c ion

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S2FeS + 2 H+ = Fe2+ + H2S (trng thi)


- Nh kim vo dd thu c, c kt ta trng xanh chng t c ion Fe2+:
Fe2+ + 2 OH - = Fe(OH)2 (trng xanh)
Cu II (1,5 im)
1. a) Phn bit Fe3O4 v Fe2O3: cho tng cht tc dng vi dd HNO3 long , cht phn
ng cho kh khng mu, ha nu trong khng kh l Fe3O4, cht phn ng khng
cho kh l Fe2O3
3 Fe3O4 + 28 HNO3 = 9 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 14 H2O
2NO + O2 = 2 NO2 (nu)
(hoc dng HNO3 c: Fe3O4 + 10 HNO3 = 3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + 5 H2O)
Fe2O3 + 6 HNO3 = 2 Fe(NO3)3 + 3 H2O
NH4+ + OH b) NH3 l baz yu: NH3 + H2O
NaOH v Ba(OH)2 l baz mnh: NaOH = Na+ + OH Ba(OH)2 = Ba2+ + 2 OH B [OH ] trong cc dung dch gim dn theo th t: Ba(OH)2 , NaOH , NH3
B pH ca chng gim dn theo th t: Ba(OH)2 , NaOH , NH3

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2. * 100 ml dd KOH 0,1M + 100 ml dd H2SO4 c pH = 1


nKOH = 0,01 mol
pH = 1 [H+] = 0.1 M [H2SO4] = 0,05 M n H 2 SO4 = 0,005 mol
B nKOH : n H 2 SO4 = 0,01 : 0,005 = 2 : 1, nn ch xy ra phn ng:
2KOH + H2SO4 = K2SO4 + 2 H2O
B dung dch thu c ch c K2SO4
n K 2 SO4 = n H 2 SO4 = 0,005 mol [K2SO4] = 0,005 : 0,2 = 0,025 M
* 100 ml dd KOH 0,1 M + 100 ml dd H2SO4 c pH = 2
nKOH = 0,01 mol
pH = 2 [H+] = 0.01 M [H2SO4] = 0,005 M n H 2 SO4 = 0,005. 0,2 = 0,0005 mol
B nKOH :n H 2 SO4 = 0,01 : 0,0005 = 20 : 1, KOH rt d, ch xy ra phn ng:
2KOH + H2SO4 = K2SO4 + 2 H2O
B dung dch thu c c K2SO4 v KOH d
n K 2 SO4 = n H 2 SO4 = 0,0005 mol [K2SO4] = 0,0005 : 0,2 = 0,0025 M
nKOH,d = 0,01 - (2 . 0,0005) = 0,009 mol [KOH] d = 0,009 : 0,2 = 0,045 M
Cu III (1,5 im)
1. a) A l axit mch h, khng phn nhnh, c CT: (C3H5O2)n th ch c th n = 1, 2
- vi n = 1, A: C3H5O2 : khng ph hp (v s nguyn t H l)
- vi n = 2, A: C6H10O4 : chp nhn c CTCT ca A l:
HOOC-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH
(hoc: A: (C3H5O2)n hay C2nH4n(COOH)n => 5n = 2. 2n + 2 => n = 2)
b) B c CTTQ: CxHyBrz, c iu ch t A nn B c th c CTPT: C6H12Br2
v c CTCT l: Br-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-Br
(Th sinh cng c th chn B l dn xut halogen khng no c CTPT: C6H10Br2, C6H8Br2 ,
nhng phi vit thm phn ng hidro ha)

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T B iu ch A:
to

Br-CH2-(CH2)4-CH2-Br + 2 NaOH HO-CH2-(CH2)4-CH2-OH + 2 NaBr

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to

HO-CH2-(CH2)4-CH2-OH + 2 CuO HCO-(CH2)4-CHO + 2 Cu + 2 H2O


HCO-(CH2)4-CHO + O2
2. a)

xt , t o

HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH
xt,t o

n CH2=CH
OCOCH3

[ CH2-CH ] n

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OCOCH3

polivinyl axetat
xt , t o

n H2N-(CH2)6-COOH

b)

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[ HN-(CH2)6-CO ]n
t enang

+ n H2O

(HOOC-CH -CH -CH-NH ) SO


+

HOOC-CH2-CH2-CH-COOH + H2SO4

COOH

NH2
HOOC-CH2-CH2-CH-COOH + 2 NaOH

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NaOOC-CH2-CH2-CH-COONa + 2 H2O

NH2

NH2

(Th sinh c th vit phn ng theo t l mol 1:1, vn cho im )

Cu IV (1,5 im)
1. * iu ch phenol:
3 HC

CH

600 oC
Fe

C6H6 + Cl2

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C6H5Cl + HCl
0

pcao ,t cao
C6H5Cl + NaOH ( c )

C6H5OH + NaCl

* iu ch anilin: iu ch benzen nh trn, sau :


o
C6H6 + HO-NO2 H2SO4c, t
C6H5NO2 + H2O

C6H5NO2 + 6 H
* iu ch PVC:

HC

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Fe,HCl

CH + HCl

n CH2=CH
Cl

xt

xt,t o

C6H5NH2 + 2 H2O
H2C=CHCl

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[ CH2-CH ] n
Cl

* iu ch cao su Buna:

CuCl, NH Cl

4
2 HC CH
Pd
CH2=CH- C CH + H2
Na
n CH 2=CH-CH=CH2

CH2=CH- C

CH

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CH2=CH-CH=CH2
( CH2-CH=CH-CH2 )
n
(TS c th vit phn ng iu ch cao su Buna thng qua giai on to ru etylic)

2. a) Nh dd Br2 vo benzen: khng c phn ng xy ra, brom khng b mt mu


b) Nh dd Br2 vo anilin: dd Br2 mt mu, xut hin kt ta trng:
NH 2

Br
+

NH 2

3 Br 2

Br
+

3 HBr

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Br

Cu V (2 im)
1. Phn ng nhit nhm:
to
2y Al + 3 FexOy
y Al2O3 + 3x Fe
(1)
Hn hp thu c sau p (1) tc dng vi NaOH cho H2, phn ng li xy ra hon
ton, chng t Al cn d v FexOy tc dng ht.
B Hn hp thu c sau p (1) gm: Al2O3, Fe, Al (d)
- Phn 1 + dd HNO3 un nng:
Al2O3 + 6 HNO3
2 Al(NO3)3 + 3 H2O
(2)
Fe
+ 4 HNO3
Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2 H2O
(3)
Al(NO3)3 + NO + 2 H2O
(4)
Al (d) + 4 HNO3
- Phn 2 + dd NaOH d:
Al2O3 + 2 NaOH
2 NaAlO2 + H2O
(5)
2 Al + 2 NaOH + 2H2O
2 NaAlO2 + 3 H2
(6)
Fe khng phn ng. Do khi lng st phn 2 l 2,52 gam
2. Xc nh FexOy v m:
Gi: - s mol kh NO sinh ra do phn 1 phn ng vi HNO3 l n1
- s mol kh NO sinh ra nu cho phn 2 phn ng vi HNO3 l n2
- khi lng phn 1 l m1, phn 2 l m2
- phn 2:
Theo (6): nAl = (2/3). n H 2 = (2/3) . (3,696/22,4) = 0,01 mol
nFe = 2,52 : 56 = 0,045 mol

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- phn 1:
Theo (3), (4): n1 = n Fe (phn 1) + n Al (phn 1) = 3,696 : 22,4 = 0,165 mol
Nu cho phn 2 tc dng vi dd HNO3 nh phn 1 th s mol NO thu c s l:
n2 = n Fe (phn 2) + n Al (phn 2) = 0,045 + 0,01 = 0,055 mol
V phn 1 v phn 2 c cng thnh phn (Al2O3, Fe, Al) nn:
m1
0,055
n1
n2
=
=> m2 = m1
= 14,49 .
= 4,83 gam
m2
n2
n1
0,165

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Do : m Al2O3 ( phn 2 ) = 4,83 - (0,01 . 27 + 0,045 . 56) = 2,04 gam


n AL2O3 ( phn 2 ) = 2,04 : 102 = 0,02 mol
Theo (1):

0,045
3x
n Fe
=
=
y
0,02
n Al2O3

x
3
=
y
4

=>

=> FexOy : Fe 3O4

Khi lng hn hp A (m):


m = m1 + m2 = 14,49 + 4,83 = 19,32 gam

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(TS c th lm theo cch khc, nu ng vn cho im)


Cu VI (2 im)
1.
nE = 0,1 mol ; nNaOH = 0,3 mol
nE : nNaOH = 0,1 : 0,3 = 1 : 3

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Do , theo bi c hai trng hp xy ra:


TH1: E l este c to thnh t axit n chc RCOOH v ru ba chc R'(OH)3
3 RCOONa + R'(OH)3
(RCOO)3R' + 3 NaOH
0,1 ->
0,3
0,1

M RCOONa = 20,4 : 0,3 = 68 -> R + 67 = 68 -> R = 1 -> R l H


M R '(OH ) = 9,2 : 0,1 = 92 -> R' = 92 - (3 . 17) = 41 -> R' l C3H5

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Khi este E l: (HCOO)3C3H5


TH2: E l este c to thnh t axit ba chc R(COOH)3 v ru n chc R'OH
R(COONa)3 + 3 R'OH
R(COOR')3 + 3 NaOH
0,1
0,3
M R (COONa )3 = 20,4 : 0,1 = 204 -> R' = 204 - (3 . 67) = 3 (loi)
Vy este E c CTCT l:
HCOO-CH2
glixerin trifomiat
HCOO-CH

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0,1 ->

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HCOO-CH2

2.
(HCOO)3C3H5 + 3 HOH
3 HCOOH + C3H5(OH)3
- Trung ha hn hp sau phn ng thy phn bng mt lng d dung dch kim

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(NaOH, KOH). Sau cho hn hp tc dng vi Cu(OH)2: thy Cu(OH)2 tan v


dung dch thu c c mu xanh lam, chng t trong hn hp c glixerin:

2 C3H5(OH)3 + Cu(OH) 2

CH2-O
O-CH2
Cu
CH-O
O-CH +
HH
CH2-OH HO-CH2

2H2O

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- un nng dung dch thu c: thy kt ta gch, chng t c axit fomic:


to
HCOONa + 2 Cu(OH)2 + NaOH Na2CO3 + 3 H2O + Cu2O

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(Nu TS nhn bit tng cht axit fomic v glixerin theo cch sau th vn c im:
- Nhn bit HCOOH bng phn ng vi Ag2O trong dd NH3 to kt ta Ag kim loi
HCOOH + Ag2O NH

3 2 Ag + CO2 + H2O
- Nhn bit C3H5(OH)3 bng phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 to thnh dd xanh lam

2 C3H5(OH)3 + Cu(OH) 2

CH2-O
O-CH2
Cu
CH-O
O-CH +
HH
CH2-OH HO-CH2

2H2O

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