b gio dc v o to

k thi tuyn sinh i hc, cao ng nm 2003

p n thang im
chnh thc

Mn thi: sinh hc

khi: B

ni dung

Cu 1:

im
1 im

1) Hy gii thch c ch gy t bin gen ca cht 5- brm uraxin.

+ 5-brm uraxin (5BU) l mt cht ha hc va c th thay T lin kt vi A, va c th
thay X lin kt vi G nn n gy ra t bin thay th cp nucltit A-T bng cp G-X.
0,25
+ Trong qu trnh t nhn i ADN, nu T b thay bng 5BU th s sinh ra t bin thay th
0,25
cp A-T bng cp G-X theo s sau: A-T A-5BU 5BU- G G- X. ..........
Hc sinh c th tr li cch khc nh nu trong Hng dn chm thi vn c 0,5
2) Cho bit tn s t bin gen ph thuc vo nhng yu t no?
+ Loi tc nhn t bin, cng v liu lng ca tc nhn t bin. .........................

0,25

+ c im cu trc ca gen: c gen vi cu trc bn vng t b t bin, c gen d b t

bin. ................................................................................................................................ 0,25
Cu 2:

1 im

1) Nu c ch biu hin ca gen t bin c pht sinh trong qu trnh gim phn.
+ Nu gen t bin l tri, n c th c biu hin ngay ra kiu hnh ca c th mang t
bin . ............................................................................................................................... 0,25
+ Nu gen t bin l ln, n s tn ti trng thi d hp t nn b gen tri tng ng t
i. Khi c t hp li trng thi ng hp t, gen t bin ln mi c biu hin ra kiu
hnh . .................................................................................................................................. 0,25
2) Nu trong qun th cy giao phn v qun th cy t th phn u c gen....
Nu gen t bin ln xut hin vi tn s nh nhau th:
+ Trong qun th cy giao phn cho, gen ln tn ti th d hp t v phi qua nhiu th
h tn s ca n mi c tng dn ln. Khi , gen t bin ln s c nhiu c hi t hp
thnh ng hp t. V th, th t bin xut hin mun. ..................................................... 0,25
+ Trong qun th cy t th phn, gen t bin ln thng tn ti trng thi d hp t v
khi cy d hp t t th phn s cho ra ngay th t bin. Nh vy, th t bin c pht
hin sm hn so vi trng hp qun th cy giao phn cho. ......................................... 0,25
1 im
Cu 3:
+ Tin hnh php lai thun nghch gia rui thn en thun chng vi rui thn xm thun
chng, ri phn tch kiu hnh i con. Php lai thun nghch c th nh sau:
thn en
X
thn xm
thn xm
X
thn en
...................................... 0,25
+ Nu F1 c cng mt kiu hnh ging b hoc m, th tnh trng xut hin F1 l tri; cn
tnh trng kia l ln v gen qui nh mu thn nm trn nhim sc th thng. Nu F1 c
cng kiu hnh nhng khc b m, th tnh trng di truyn theo kiu trung gian . ............. 0,25
+ Nu F1 ca php lai thun v nghch l khc nhau v c s phn li kiu hnh khc nhau
hai gii, th gen qui nh mu thn nm trn nhim sc th gii tnh X v khng c alen
tng ng trn Y; tnh trng no ch biu hin c F1 s l ln. .................................... 0,25
+ Nu F1 c kiu hnh lun ging m, th gen qui nh tnh trng mu thn nm ngoi nhn. 0,25

Cu 4:
1) Trong chn ging, ngi ta thng to ra cc dng thun chng nhm ...

1 im

+ Dng thun chng c nhiu gen mong mun trng thi ng hp t. Do vy, cc c
im tt ca ging c cng c v duy tr n nh, ng thi nh chn ging c th d
dng loi b cc gen ln c hi khi qun th. ................................................................... 0,25
+ Khi lai cc dng thun chng khc nhau, chng ta c th tm c t hp lai cho u th
lai cao, hoc to ra cc ging c c cc c im tt ca nhiu dng khc nhau. ........ 0,25
2) Phng php to ging mi bng k thut di truyn.....
+ Bng k thut di truyn, ta c th chuyn cc gen c li t loi ny sang loi khc, to ra
nhng sinh vt chuyn gen m bng bin php thng thng khng th to ra c. ........ 0,25
+ Nh k thut di truyn, ging mi c th c to ra nhanh v hiu qu hn so vi cc
phng php chn ging thng thng. ............................................................................. 0,25
2 im
Cu 5:
1) Hy cho bit qun th no di y trng thi cn bng Haci-Vanbec...
+ Trong qun th, nu mt gen c 2 alen (A v a) vi tn s alen A = p(A), tn s alen a =
q(a) v p(A) + q(a) =1; th qun th trng thi cn bng Haci -Vanbec khi thnh phn cc
kiu gen tho mn iu kin:
[ p(A) + q(a)] 2 = p2 (AA) + 2pq (Aa) + q2 (aa) = 1 ................................... 0,25
+ Qun th 1 gm ton cy ng hp t ln hoa trng, q2 (aa) = 1; do q (a) =1, p(A) = 0
v [ p(A) + q(a)] 2 = 1; nn thnh phn kiu gen trng thi cn bng Haci Vanbec. ... 0,25

+ Thnh phn kiu gen ca qun th 2 c th c 3 kh nng:

- Nu qun th gm ton cy hoa ng hp t tri, th p(A) = 1; [p(A) + q(a)] 2 = 1, do
vy qun th trng thi cn bng Haci- Vanbec.
- Nu qun th gm ton cy hoa d hp t, th p(A) = q(a) = 0,5. Vi tn s cc alen
nh vy, qun th trng thi cn bng phi c t l cc kiu gen l: (0,5)2 AA : 2 (0,5
x 0,5)Aa: (0,5)2 aa. Qun th 2 khng c thnh phn kiu gen nh vy nn khng cn
bng Haci- Vanbec. ..................................................................................................... 0,25
-

Nu qun th gm c hai loi cy hoa ng hp t v d hp t vi t l bt k, th

qun th khng cn bng Haci Vanbec v khng c th ng hp t ln. Nu qun th
cn bng th [p(A) + q(a)] 2 = p2 (AA) + 2pq (Aa) + q2 (aa) = 1 s cho ra ng hp ln
vi tn s q2 (aa) .......................................................................................................... 0,25
Hc sinh cng c th lm theo cch khc nh trong bn Hng dn chm thi cng c
im ti a.

2) Hy nu cc yu t lm thay i tn s alen ca qun th qua cc th h....

+ Cc yu t lm thay i tn s alen ca qun th gm:
- t bin gen, chn lc t nhin.
- Qun th khng c cch li vi cc qun th ln cn cng loi (c di nhp gen). ....
+

0,25

Trong s 3 yu t nu trn, th t bin gen lm thay i tn s alen chm nht; v trong

t nhin, t bin gen xut hin vi tn s thp ( t 10-6 n 10-4). Hn na, t bin gen
xy ra mt cch ngu nhin, khng nh hng: alen tri c th t bin thnh alen ln
v ngc li. .......................... ....................................................................................... 0,25

Chn lc t nhin c th nhanh chng lm thay i tn s alen. V khi iu kin mi

trng thay i mnh v lun theo mt hng, s lng c th c kiu gen thch nghi v
sinh sn tt, s tng nhanh; s c th c kiu gen km thch nghi v sinh sn t s gim
mnh cc th h sau. Do vy, tn s cc alen s nhanh chng thay i ...................... 0,25
+ Nu qun th khng c cch li vi cc qun th cng loi lin k, th s di chuyn t
ca cc c th ra hoc vo qun th, s lm tn s alen ca qun th thay i nhanh. .... 0,25

Cu 6:

2 im

1) Gii thch tnh a dng v phong ph ca sinh vt da theo qui lut Menen...
+ Theo qui lut phn li c lp ca Menen, s phn li c lp v t hp t do ca cc gen,
s to ra nhiu bin d t hp lm cho qun th a dng. C th d hp t v n cp gen
khc nhau, s c kh nng to ra 2n kiu giao t v hai c th nh vy giao phi vi nhau
cho ra 3n kiu gen vi t l phn li (1+2+1)n v 2n kiu hnh vi t l phn li l (3+1)n. 0,25
+ Mi c th sinh vt u c s lng gen rt ln v qun th c rt nhiu c th d hp t
v cc gen khc nhau, nn khi cc c th giao phi ngu nhin s to ra rt nhiu t hp
gen (bin d t hp) lm cho qun th a dng v thnh phn kiu gen cng nh kiu
hnh. ................................................................................................................................. 0,25
+ Lin kt gen lm hn ch bin d t hp, do lm gim tnh a dng ca sinh vt; v
cc gen trong cng mt nhm lin kt (mt nhim sc th) thng di truyn cng nhau.
0,25
+

Hon v gen lm tng bin d t hp, nn n khng lm gim, m ngc li, cn lm

tng s a dng ca sinh vt. .......................................................................................... 0,25

2) Th song nh bi trong t nhin c hnh thnh ...

+ Th song nh bi l c th c b nhim sc th bao gm 2 b nhim sc th lng bi
ca hai loi khc nhau. .................................................................................................... 0,25
+ Trong t nhin, th song nh bi thng c hnh thnh thc vt, do lai khc loi to
ra cy lai c hai b nhim sc th n bi khc nhau; tip n, b nhim sc th ca cy
lai c a bi ho cho ra th song nh bi. ................................................................... 0,25
+ Lai xa v a bi ho l con ng hnh thnh loi kh ph bin thc vt. V vy, s
xut hin ca cc th song nh bi trong t nhin l mt phng thc hnh thnh loi
mi. .................................................................................................................................. 0,25
+ Cc th song nh bi tr thnh loi mi v chng hu th v cch li sinh sn vi hai loi
b m. S cch li sinh sn th hin ch, th song nh bi c b nhim sc th khc vi
b nhim sc th ca hai loi b m, nn khi giao phn tr li vi cc dng b m th cho
cy lai c b nhim sc th khc thng nn s bt th. ............................................. 0,25
Cu 7:
+ F1 cho ton kiu hnh cnh di, mt . Do vy, c hai tnh trng ny u tri so vi tnh
trng cnh ngn, mt trng. .............................................................................................

2 im

0,25

+ Xt ring tnh trng v hnh dng cnh, i F2 cho t l phn li 3 cnh di: 1 cnh ngn
c hai gii; vy gen qui nh hnh dng cnh nm trn nhim sc th thng. Ta c th
k hiu alen A qui nh cnh di, a qui nh cnh ngn. ................................................. 0,25
+ Xt tnh trng mu mt, i F2 s phn li kiu hnh 3 mt : 1 mt trng, nhng phn
b khc nhau hai gii; ch c con c mt trng. Do vy, gen qui nh mu mt phi
nm trn nhim sc th X v trn nhim sc th Y khng c alen tng ng. Ta c th k
hiu alen B qui nh mt , alen b qui nh mt trng. ................................................. 0,5
+ T lp lun trn, ta xc nh c kiu gen ca rui b m l: rui ci AAXBXB (cnh
di, mt ), rui c aaXbY (cnh ngn, mt trng)...................................................... 0,25

S lai nh sau:
P:
GP
F1:
GF1:
F2:

A XB

AXb

a XB

a Xb

AAXBXB
( cnh di, mt )
A XB
Aa XBXb
(cnh di, mt )
A XB, AXb, a XB , a Xb

aaXbY
( cnh ngn, mt trng)
a Xb, aY
Aa XB Y
(cnh di, mt )

.................

0,25

A XB, AY, a XB , a Y

A XB

a XB

AY

aY

AAXBXB
cnh di,
mt
AAXBXb
cnh di,
mt
AaXBXB
cnh di,
mt
AaXBXb
cnh di,
mt

AaXBXB
cnh di,
mt
AaXBXb
cnh di,
mt
aaXBXB
cnh ngn,
mt
aaXBXb
cnh ngn,
mt

AA XB Y
cnh di
mt
AA Xb Y
cnh di,
mt trng
Aa XB Y
cnh di,
mt
Aa Xb Y
cnh di,
mt trng

Aa XB Y
cnh di,
mt
Aa Xb Y
cnh di,
mt trng
aa XB Y
cnh ngn,
mt
aa Xb Y
cnh ngn,
mt trng

Kt lun: t l phn li F2 : 3 cnh di, mt : 1 cnh ngn, mt ; 3 cnh di, mt

: 3 cnh di mt trng : 1 cnh ngn, mt : 1 cnh ngn, mt trng nghim
0,5
ng vi iu kin cho.

im ton bi

10

Ngy....... thng.......nm 2003

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